АКУСТООПТИЧЕСКОЕ ВОЛНОВОДНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ СЕЛЕКЦИИ ДЛИН ВОЛН И СПОСОБ ЕГО ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение используется в оптических линиях связи с объединением длин волн, для настройки длины волны излучения в объемном резонаторе лазера или восстановления формы импульсов в системе импульсной оптической связи. Устройство содержит подложку из фотоупругого материала с двойным лучепреломлением, на которой формируются первая и вторая ступени вращения плоскости поляризации, включающие по меньшей мере один волновод, по меньшей мере один оптический волновод, связывающий две ступени и несущий один поляризатор, состоящий из поляризационного элемента связи с нераспространяющейся волной, по меньшей мере один волновод, расположенный за второй ступенью, несущий поляризационно-селективный элемент. Одна из ступеней содержит приспособление для генерирования поверхностной акустической волны. Способ изготовления включает диффузию металла в подложку для формирования акустического волновода, формирование поляризационно-оптических элементов путем фотолитографического осаждения и последующей диффузии второго ...

MITTELS POLARISATIONSUNABHÄNGIGE OPTISCHE RICHTKOPPLER ABSTIMMBARE WELLENLÄNGENFILTER BZW. EMPFÄNGER

WELLENLÄNGEN SELEKTIVER FILTER

Spatial light modulators

Polarisation-insensitive optical modulators

OPTICAL NONRECIPROCAL DEVICE

SWITCHABLE COUPLING

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE POLARIZATION-INSENSITIVE PHASE SHIFT OF AN OPTICAL JET IN AN OPTICAL MECHANISM

POLARIZATION-INDEPENDENT OPTICAL WAVE SHAPE DEVICE

Multiple cell liquid crystal optical device with coupled electric field control

A liquid crystal optical device is provided. The optical device includes a liquid crystal cell controlling optical properties of light passing therethrough and has: a liquid crystal layer, a planar electrode located to one side of said liquid crystal layer; an electric field control structure located to the opposite side of the liquid crystal layer; and a wavefront adjustment structure configured to provide optical phase front adjustment. In some embodiments the wavefront adjustment structure is a conductive floating electrode. In other embodiments the wavefront adjustment structure is a weakly conductive structure having spatially variable sheet resistance. In other embodiments the wavefront adjustment structure a weakly conductive structure having spatially variable sheet resistance having a frequency dependent characteristic.

Device and method for steering a beam of light

TUNABLE POLARIZATION INDEPENDENT WAVELENGTH FILTER

TUNABLE POLARIZATION INDEPENDENT WAVELENGTH FILTER Tunable, polarization independent wavelength filtering is obtained in a circuit configuration comprising an input polarization selective coupler which separates the TM and TE mode waves. A first, wavelength selective mode converter, in the TE mode wavepath, converts the TE mode wave energy at the selected wavelength to the TM mode. Similarly, a second wavelength selective mode converter, located in the TM mode wavepath, converts the TM mode wave energy at the selected wavelength to the TE mode. An output polarization selective coupler combines the TE and TM mode wave energy at the selected wavelength in one output wavepath and combines the balance of the input signal in a second wavepath. By cascading a plurality of such circuits, each tuned to a different wavelength, a wavelength multiplexed signal can be demultiplexed.

ELECTROOPTIC MODULATOR EMPLOYING DC COUPLED ELECTRODES

Optical devices (10, 40) are provided for optical signal modulation of light propagating in a waveguide core surrounded by polymeric cladding regions which include chromophores, under the control of an electrical signal propagating along a traveling wave electrode structure. The microwave electrode structure comprises a coplanar stripline including a control signal electrode (75) interposed between a pair of ground plane electrodes (72, 74). Each of the microwave ground plane electrodes is connected to a positive or negative DC bios source (+Vblas, -Vbias) and is coupled from the microwave signal input (44) by means of DC blocking capacitors (76). The ground electrode portions (72~, 74~) isolated from the signal input and output can be used to align the chromophores by applying a bias voltage at a temperature near the glass transition temperature of the polymer. The present invention also contemplates provision of a coplanar stripline as described and claimed herein.

OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber capable of producing white light with a sufficiently wide wavelength band and of stabilizing the polarized state. The optical fiber can produce white light in wavelength bands on both sides of a pumping light pulse inputted by a nonlinear phenomenon. A core (1) of the optical fiber is clad with a first clad (2), which is clad with a second clad (3). The ratio (.DELTA. 2/.DELTA. 1) between the relative refractive-index differences .DELTA. 1, .DELTA. 2 of the core (1) and the first clad (2) with reference to that of the second clad (3) is -0.4 to -0.85. The ratio of the outside diameter of the core (1) to that of the first clad (2) is 0.4 to 0.7. The relative refractive-index difference .DELTA. 1 is 0.6 to 1.2%. The transmission loss of light with a wavelength near 1.4 .mu.m is 10 Db/km or less. Stress imparting parts (4) for imparting stress to the core (1) are provided on both sides of the core (1) in the second clad (3) to make the fiber a constant polarization optical ...

OPTICAL DEVICE

SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICAL FUNCTIONAL DEVICE

Provided as an optical functional device which comprises a substrate, a lower cladding layer, a waveguide layer, and an upper cladding layer each formed of a semiconductor, and in which at least one of the three layers except the substrate has a quantum well structure at a quantum confined potential. The well plane of the quantum well structure is symmetrical with respect to the center position thereof, and varies in proportion to the square of the distance from the center position. If an electric field is applied perpendicular to the well plane , the respective changes in the absorption coefficient and refractive index in the vicinity of the absorption edge are influenced by absorption peak shifts attributable to both 1e-1hh and 1e-11h transitions. Thus, the optical functional device operates in response to both TE and TM mode light without depending on polarization.

WAVEGUIDE ELECTROOPTIC LIGHT MODULATOR WITH LOW OPTICAL LOSS

In one embodiment this invention provides a thin film waveguide electrooptic light modulator which consists of (1) a laminated assembly of a waveguiding thin film of an organic polymer which exhibits second order nonlinear optical response, and upper and lower organic polymer blend cladding layers, each of which has a lower index of refraction between about 0.002-0.02 lower than the waveguiding thin film, and which exhibits second order nonlinear optical response and (2) electrodes which are positioned to apply an electric field to the laminated assembly.

INTEGRATED ACOUSTO-OPTIC FILTERS AND SWITCHES

An acousto-optic converter fabricated on x-cut LiNbO3 and having an optical waveguide extending along the y-direction. AD interdigital transducer is oriented at 5.degree. with respect to the y-direction in order to compensate for the acoustic walk-off on such an orientation. Such an integrated acousto-optic converter allows multiple stages of such converters so as to provide for (1) two-stage zero-frequency shifted converters and filters, (2) lasers using an acousto-optic filter as a tuning element, (3) polarization-independent converters in which the modes are divided, separately polarization converted, and recombined according to frequency, (4) and wavelength division multiplexing routing switches capable of simultaneously switching multiple channels.

OPTICAL ISOLATOR

A high quality small-sized polarization independent optical isolator for use in an optical fiber communication system, wherein a pair of magneto-optical elements having Faraday rotation angle of 45 ~ 5 are contained in permanent magnets and arranged between a pair of birefringent crystal plates for splitting and combining an optical path of a laser light, and two polarizers arranged in parallel as being bounded on the midpoint of separated optical paths are interposed between the pair of magneto-optical elements, whereby a degree of worsening the optical isolation can be kept minimum against variations of an environmental temperature and wave length.

TUNABLE LIQUID-CRYSTAL ETALON FILTER

A tunable liquid-crystal etalon filter comprising two dielectric stack mirrors (18, 20) defining an optical cavity into which is filled a liquid crystal (26). Electrodes (14, 16) disposed on the outsides of the mirrors apply an electric field to the liquid crystal, changing its refractive index and thereby changing,its optical length. Thereby, the optical pass band of the filter can be electrically changed in a low-powered, compact, rugged, and economical structure.

FABRICATION OF QUANTUM WELL POLARIZATION INDEPENDENT ACTIVE DEVICES

An active semiconductor device that performs in a substantially polarization independent manner. A quantum well waveguide is intermixed by intermixing atoms across an interface between well and barrier layers. The atoms include at least 2 groups wherein intermixing of one group is at a substantially greater rate than another group. Cations are interdiffused at a greater rate than said anions across interfaces between well and barrier layers. The intermixing must be sufficient to provide strain within layers of the waveguide and sufficent to at least partially degenerate light hole and heavy hole bands of the structure. Preferably intermixing is sufficient to completely degenerate light hole and heavy hole bands to essentially produce a device that is completely polarization independent.

SEMI-CONDUCTOR PHASE MODULATOR

L'invention concerne un modulateur de phase à semi-conducteur comprenant une couche de gaine inférieure, un guide d'onde actif et une couche de gaine supérieure, déposés successivement sur un substrat en matériau III-V. Le guide d'onde actif comporte au moins une première couche active, possédant une première longueur d'onde de photoluminescence (1 1), et une deuxième couche active de compensation, possédant une deuxième longueur d'onde de photoluminescence (1 2). La longueur d'onde d'utilisation (1 0) du modulateur est supérieure à la première longueur d'onde de photoluminescence (1 1) d'une valeur comprise entre 80 et 200nm, et elle est supérieure à la deuxième longueur d'onde de photoluminescence (1 2) d'une valeur supérieure à 300nm.

Switchable grating based on electrophoretic particle system

OPTICAL DEVICE INTEGRATES MODULATING INDEPENDENT OF INCIDENTAL POLARIZATION

OPTOELECTRONIC DIRECTIONAL COUPLER INDEPENDENT OF POLARIZATION

direção de feixe ótico

GUIDED WAVE ELECTROOPTIC/ACOUSTOOPTIC TUNABLE FILTER

A two-port guided wave tunable filter in a birefringent electrooptic and/or acoustooptic substrate material includes two 3-port, symmetric Y-branch beamsplitters connected by two waveguide sections in which phase-matched polarization coupling occurs, with an input port and an output port. The optical path difference between the beamsplitters is half an optical wavelength, and the polarization coupling regions between the beamsplitters are relatively displaced by an odd integral multiple of half the spatial period of the pertubation responsible for the coupling. In an electrooptic tunable filter embodiment, the polarization coupling in the waveguides is caused by a spatially periodic strain-inducing film and tuning results from an applied electric field. In an acoustooptic tunable filter embodiment, polarization coupling results from a surface acoustic wave and tuning is accomplished by changing the acoustic frequency. Alternatively, four port electrooptic and acoustooptic tunable filters ...

SPECTRAL AND PHASE MODULATION TUNABLE BIREFRINGENCE DEVICES

The present invention describes a liquid crystal composite tunable device for fast polarisation-independent modulation of an incident light beam comprising: (a) two supporting and functional panels, at least one of them coated with a transparent conductive electrode layer and with optionally at least one additional layer selected from an alignment layer, antireflective coating layer, thermochromic or electrochromic layer, photoconductive or photosensitive layer, and (b) a composite structure sandwiched between said two panels and made of a liquid crystal and porous microparticles infiltrated with said liquid crystal. The porous microparticles have an average refractive index approximately equals to one of the liquid crystal principal refractive indices, matching that of the liquid crystal at one orientational state (for example, parallel n), and exhibiting large mismatch at another orientational state (for example, perpendicular n). This refractive index mismatch between said microparticles and said liquid crystal is tuned by applying an external electric or magnetic field, thermally or optically. 184.-. (canceled)85. A liquid crystal composite tunable device for fast polarisation-independent modulation of an incident light beam comprising:(a) two supporting and functional panels, at least one of them coated with a transparent conductive electrode layer and with optionally at least one additional layer selected from an alignment layer, antireflective coating layer, thermochromic or electrochromic layer, photoconductive or photosensitive layer; and(b) a composite structure sandwiched between said two panels and made of a liquid crystal and porous microparticles infiltrated with said liquid crystal; (i) said porous microparticles have an average refractive index approximately equals to one of the liquid crystal principal refractive indices;', {'sub': ∥', '⊥, '(ii) an effective refractive index of the porous microparticles matches that of the liquid crystal at one ...

Electrode and core arrangements for polarization-independent waveguides

The present invention provides for polarization independence in electrooptic waveguides. Specifically, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, an electrooptic waveguide for an optical signal is provided. The waveguide comprises a plurality of control electrodes, an optical waveguide core defining a primary axis of propagation, and an electrooptic cladding at least partially surrounding the core. The control electrodes are positioned to generate a contoured electric field across the cladding. The cladding is poled along a poling contour. The contoured electric field and/or the poling contour are asymmetric relative to a plane intersecting the waveguide core and extending along the primary axis of propagation. The electrooptic cladding defines at least two cladding regions on opposite sides of the waveguide core. The contoured electric field comprises (i) a vertical electric field component within a first one of said pair cladding regions that is larger than a vertical ...

Polarization independent electro-optical device for modulation of light

Electro-optical method and device for modulation of light are presented providing a substantially balanced voltage-phase response of the device in two orthogonal polarization directions substantially irrespective of applied voltages. The device comprises a crystal material of a predetermined orientation of the plane of propagation of light therethrough, formed with at least one waveguide channel directed in a predetermined direction, and at least two electrodes accommodated at opposite sides of the waveguide channel. The substantially balanced voltage-phase response is achieved by shifting the electrodes relative to the axis of the waveguide channel a predetermined distance in a certain direction. The device may be designed so as to operate as a phase modulator or an amplitude modulator.

Polarization independent broad wavelength band optical switches/modulators

Optical switches based on the balanced bridge interferometer design require precisely made (or half a coupling length) directional couplers to achieve minimum crosstalk for the two switch outputs. Precision 3 dB-directional couplers require the waveguide dimensions and fabrication parameters of the evanescent region to be tightly controlled making a low crosstalk switch difficult to manufacture and expensive. A new type of balanced bridge interferometer type switch is disclosed where the input and output directional couplers are asymmetrically biased to induce a certain difference in the propagation constants between the two waveguide in the directional couplers. By using the asymmetrically biased directional couplers with a certain tuning a bias voltage for the directional couplers. Low crosstalk switches can be achieved for a very wide range of directional coupler strengths, relaxing the precise half-coupling length directional couplers required in conventional design. This relaxation ...

Optical isolator with reduced insertion loss and minimized polarization mode dispersion

An isolator is disclosed that features a single birefringent correction element. The correction element is configured to eliminate differential group delay and walk-off simultaneously.

Optical isolator

In an optical isolator, first, second and third birefringent crystals shaped in a flat plate are arranged in order in a forward direction in which a light beam advances and formed in ratios 1:1:1 in thickness. One magneto-optical member is interposed between the first and second birefringent crystals and another magneto-optical member may be arbitrarily disposed between the second and third birefringent crystals. Since the birefringent crystals are equal in thickness, the optical isolator can be readily produced with a high accuracy without much labor.

Optical Isolator

An optical isolator according to the invention comprises a first birefringent element for separating an incident light beam into two light beams that are vertical to each other in the polarization direction and are not parallel with each other in the propagation direction, a 45 DEG Faraday rotator, a second birefringent element that is identical with the first birefringent element in terms of the light beam-separation angle but is different by 45 DEG from the first polarizer in terms of the angle the separated two light beams make to the polarization of the beams, and at least one birefringent crystal plane plate that has a function capable of converging two parallel light beams, with the planes of polarization at right angles with each other, into a single beam.

Polarization-independent optical switch/attenuator

An optical device which controls the strength of an optical signal from an input fiber to an output fiber responsive to a signal on a control terminal. The device has a first GRIN lens associated with the input fiber, a first birefringent polarizer, a liquid crystal cell, a second birefringent polarizer and a second GRIN lens associated with the output fiber. The liquid crystal cell, located between the first and second polarizers and connected to a control terminal, controllably rotates the optical signal from the optical axis of the first polarizer toward the optical axis of the second polarizer responsive to the signal on said control terminal. The operation of the device is independent of the polarization of the optical signal in the input fiber. Furthermore, the device can be operated as an optical switch or an optical attenuator by suitably arranging the axes of the polarizers and liquid crystal cell.

Wavelength conversion apparatus

A wavelength conversion apparatus includes: multiplexer that multiplexes pumped light and signal light; wavelength conversion element that wavelength-converts linearly polarized light components in x direction with respect to the pumped light and the signal light, and generates output light polarized in x direction; and light circulator that allows the light of the multiplexer to be output to the wavelength conversion element and allow the light from the wavelength conversion element to be output to the port; reflecting mirror; and Faraday rotator that makes a polarization direction difference of 90 degrees between light traveling from the wavelength conversion element to the reflecting mirror and light reflected at the reflecting mirror so as to return to the wavelength conversion element. Intensity IL of the output light does not depend on the incident polarization angle phi of the signal light lambds and is constant.

Multiple cell liquid crystal optical device with coupled electric field control

A liquid crystal optical device is provided. The optical device includes a liquid crystal cell controlling optical properties of light passing therethrough and has: a liquid crystal layer, a planar electrode located to one side of said liquid crystal layer; an electric field control structure located to the opposite side of the liquid crystal layer; and a wavefront adjustment structure configured to provide optical phase front adjustment. In some embodiments the wavefront adjustment structure is a conductive floating electrode. In other embodiments the wavefront adjustment structure is a weakly conductive structure having spatially variable sheet resistance. In other embodiments the wavefront adjustment structure a weakly conductive structure having spatially variable sheet resistance having a frequency dependent characteristic.

Acousto-optical tunable waveguide switch

A wavelength selective acousto-optical waveguide device comprises a first and a second optical path (150,160) with an optical path difference (d) between the two waveguides set to the value d = ±¿ (k + m) where, ¿ is the wavelength of the optical signal, k is a number greater than 0 and less than 1; and m is 0 or an integer number, so as to create a phase shift between at least two parasitic components of the optical signal, such as to eliminate them by destructive interference. ...

МНОГОЯЧЕЕЧНЫЙ ЖИДКОКРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКИЙ ОПТИЧЕСКИЙ ПРИБОР С УПРАВЛЕНИЕМ СОПРЯЖЕННЫМ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИМ ПОЛЕМ

Изобретение относится к жидкокристаллическим оптическим приборам и их управляющим электродам. Жидкокристаллический оптический прибор содержит по меньшей мере один жидкокристаллический слой, расположенный между подложками, несущими ориентирующие слои, и электродную структуру с отверстиями и со слабо проводящим материалом в пределах апертуры указанной структуры, обеспечивающую пространственно модулированное электрическое поле. Электродная структура с отверстиями выполнена с возможностью изменения фазового фронта в жидкокристаллическом слое за счет наличия электропроводящей структуры плавающего электрода, которая меньше, чем указанная апертура и является внешней по отношению к указанной электродной структуре, над апертурой. Технический результат - устранение нежелательных отклонений волнового фронта. 5 н. и 18 з.п. ф-лы, 25 ил.

АКУСТООПТИЧЕСКОЕ ВОЛНОВОДНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ АКУСТООПТИЧЕСКОГО ПЕРЕКЛЮЧЕНИЯ ОПТИЧЕСКОГО СИГНАЛА

Перестраиваемое акустооптическое волноводное устройство с независимой от поляризации характеристикой включает в себя подложку из двулучепреломляющего и фотоупругого материала, на которой происходит, по крайней мере, одна ступень превращения поляризационной моды у двух отдельных поляризационных компонент оптического сигнала, первый и второй поляризационно избирательные элементы, расположенные соответственно до и после ступени превращения, и, по крайней мере, одну компенсационную ступень для превращения поляризационной моды. По крайней мере, один оптический волновод пропускает две поляризационные компоненты в объединенном виде. Способ акустооптического переключения оптических сигналов основывается на двух превращениях поляризационных компонент оптического сигнала, передаваемого в разделенном и неразделенном соответственно виде при акустооптических взаимодействиях с двумя акустическими волнами. 2 с. и 14 з.п. ф-лы, 1 табл., 4 ил.

POLARISTIONSUNABHÄNGIGER ELEKTROOPTISCH GESCHALTETER RICHTKOPPLER

OPTISCHE VORRICHTUNG

Integriert optische Anordnung aus Rippenwellenleitern auf einem Substrat

POLARISATIONSUNABHAENGIGER OPTO-ELEKTRONISCHER RICHTUNGSKOPPLER

Polarisation independent optical switch

Optoelectronic modulator, photonic integrated circuit, and method

Phase modulator

ELECTRO-OPTIC WAVEGUIDE DEVICE

OPTICAL CIRCULATOR

Optic system

POLARIZATION-INDEPENDENT OPTICAL WAVE SHAPE DEVICE

DEVICE FOR THE CONTROLLING OF A RAY OF LIGHT

OPTICAL ELEMENT WITH A LIQUID CRYSTAL WITH OPTICAL ISOTROPY

ELECTRO-OPTICAL INTEGRATED TRANSMITTER CHIP FOR ARBITRARY QUADRATURE MODULATION OF OPTICAL SIGNALS

Optical isolator

GUIDED WAVE ELECTROOPTIC/ACOUSTOOPTIC TUNABLE FILTER

A two-port guided wave tunable filter in a birefringent electrooptic and/or acoustooptic substrate material includes two 3-port, symmetric Y-branch beamsplitters connected by two waveguide sections in which phase-matched polarization coupling occurs, with an input port and an output port. The optical path difference between the beamsplitters is half an optical wavelength, and the polarization coupling regions between the beamsplitters are relatively displaced by an odd integral multiple of half the spatial period of the pertubation responsible for the coupling. In an electrooptic tunable filter embodiment, the polarization coupling in the waveguides is caused by a spatially periodic strain-inducing film and tuning results from an applied electric field. In an acoustooptic tunable filter embodiment, polarization coupling results from a surface acoustic wave and tuning is accomplished by changing the acoustic frequency. Alternatively, four port electrooptic and acoustooptic tunable filters ...

ACOUSTO-OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE DEVICE, TUNABLE, WITH A POLARIZATION INDEPENDENT RESPONSE, AND A METHOD FOR THE ACOUSTO-OPTICAL PROCESSING OF OPTICAL SIGNALS

An acousto-optical waveguide device, tunable, with a polarization independent response, comprises a substrate in a birefringent and photoelastic material, on which there are obtained at least one stage of polarization mode conversion of two separate polarization components of an optical signal, a first and a second polarization selective element, placed upstream and downstream, respectively, of the conversion stage and at least one compensation stage for the polarization mode conversion, wherein at least one optical waveguide transmits the two polarization components in a combined form. A method for the acousto-optical switching of optical signals is based on two conversions of the polarization components of an optical signal, transmitted separate and not separate, respectively, by acousto-optical interactions with two acoustic waves.

POLARIZATION INDEPENDENT OPTICAL ISOLATOR

A polarization-independent optical isolator having a structure in which polarization dispersion is virtually eliminated by selecting the thickness and optical axis orientations of birefringent crystalline plates used in the isolator is disclosed. The optical isolator of the present invention employs a combination of birefringent crystalline plates wherein the optical axis orientation of at least one birefringent crystalline plate in the optical isolator is different from the optical axis orientation of the remaining birefringent crystalline plates, and the polarization mode dispersion, which is induced when the beam propagates through the birefringent crystalline plate having a different optical axis orientation, is equal to the dispersion rate of the polarization mode dispersion attributable to the remaining birefringent crystalline plates and in a mutually inverse direction.

INTEGRATED ACOUSTO-OPTIC FILTERS AND SWITCHES

Standing helix ferroelectric liquid crystal display cell

Spinel sintered body, method for producing the same, transparent substrate, and liquid crystal projector

Disclosed is a spinel sintered body having a composition of MgO nAl2O3 (1.05 = n = 1.30), while containing 20 ppm or less of Si element. Also disclosed is a method for producing such a spinel sinteredbody. This production method comprises a step for forming a molded body from a spinel powder having an Si element content of not more than 50 ppm and a purity of not less than 99.5% by mass, a firstsintering step for forming a sintered body having a density of not less than 95% by sintering the molded body at 1500-1700 DEG C in a vacuum, and a second sintering step for press-heating the sinteredbody at 1600-1800 DEG C.

MODULATOR OF PHASE HAS SEMICONDUCTOR

Programmable acousto-optic filter includes birefringent material in which optical signals couple with acoustic wave pattern

Le dispositif selon l'invention comprend, d'une part, un milieu élasto-optique biréfringent (1) muni d'un transducteur (5) générant dans le milieu (1) une onde acoustique modulée selon une direction déterminée, et des moyens de couplage dans le milieu (1) d'une onde optique d'entrée de polarisation inconnue et, d'autre part, un circuit de programmation de la modulation (amplitude-phase-fréquence) de l'onde acoustique. Ce dispositif fournit une onde directe et deux ondes diffractées de polarisation H, V perpendiculaires portant chacune une modulation fonction de la modulation de l'onde optique d'entrée et de la modulation de l'onde acoustique.

OPTICAL DEVICE INTEGRATES MODULATING INDEPENDENT OF INCIDENTAL POLARIZATION

THERMO-OPTIC TUNABLE ATTENUATOR

PURPOSE: A thermo-optic tunable attenuator is provided, which has a high linearity and a light attenuation area above 35dB and an operation speed of milliseconds by preventing power consumption according to the nonlinearity of a light attenuation variation as to an applied external power. CONSTITUTION: An optical waveguide of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure includes two single mode channel waveguides(20a,20b) coupling signals incident from an optical fiber into a single mode and two symmetric Y-branches(21a,21b) branching a signal being output from the single mode channel waveguides into two beams. Two metal heat lines(30a,30b) are located on the waveguide(21) and varies a refractive index of the waveguide. The first gold electrode(41) supplies a power by connecting two metal heat lines serially at a center of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer waveguide. The second metal electrodes(42a,42b) supply a power by being connected to the metal heat lines respectively. © KIPO 2003 ...

REFLECTIVE FILM COMBINATIONS WITH OUTPUT CONFINEMENT IN BOTH POLAR AND AZIMUTHAL DIRECTIONS AND RELATED CONSTRUCTIONS

A reflective film includes microlayers arranged into optical repeat units to reflect light in an extended wavelength band, with thinner and thicker ones of the optical repeat units being disposed generally towards a thin side and thick side, respectively, of the film. The microlayers are tailored to provide the film with a reflectivity, for p-polarized light incident in a first plane, that decreases by at least half from an initial value at normal incidence to a value R1 at an incidence angle θoblique. The film has a reflectivity for p- polarized light incident in a second plane of R2 at the angle θoblique, where R2 > R1. A polarizer is combined with the reflective film, the combination defining an oblique transmission lobe, and the thick and thin sides of the reflective film are oriented relative to the polarizer to reduce an azimuthal width Δφ of the transmission lobe.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SWITCHING AN OPTICAL BEAM BETWEEN FIRST AND SECOND WAVEGUIDES IN A SEMICONDUCTOR SUBSTRATE LAYER

An optical switching method and apparatus. In one aspect of the present invention, the disclosed apparatus includes first and optical waveguides disposed in a semiconductor substrate layer. An insulating layer disposed between the first and second waveguides in a coupling region in the semiconductor substrate layer to isolate the first optical waveguide from the second optical waveguide. Modulated charge layers proximate to the insulating layer in the coupling region are employed to control an optical coupling strength between the first and second optical waveguides.

LIQUID CRYSTAL CELL PLATFORM

A liquid crystal cell (100) is presented that utilizes a deposited metal gasket moisture barrier and support membrane (106) bonding two opposing plates of glass (110), a thin film spacer layer (107) to accurately control cell gap thickness, and an optional integrated thermal sensor and heater deposition layer (108) sandwiched therebetween.

METHOD OF AND DEVICE FOR OPTICAL WAVELENGTH CONVERSION

Method of and device for optical wavelength conversion of an optical input signal (2) of a first wavelength into an optical output signal (24) of a second wavelength, wherein an optical probe signal (7, 8) of the second wavelength having a first polarisation is coupled into at least a first and a second interferometer (16, 17). The optical input signal is split (3) into a first input signal component having the first polarisation and a second input signal component having a second polarisation. The first polarisation of the first input signal component is converted (4) into the second polarisation. The first input signal component is coupled into the first interferometer (16) providing a first converted signal (12) and the second input signal component is coupled into the second interferometer (17) providing a second converted signal. The first and the second converted signals are filtered to provide first and second converted signal components of the first polarisation. The first polarisation ...

FIBER OPTIC ISOLATOR AND AMPLIFIER

A fiber optic isolator (40) uses only one-half the amount of costly rotator material as the prior art and an isolated laser amplifier uses only one-quarter the amount of costly rotator material. An embodiment of a fiber optic isolator (40) includes a concave reflector (55) and a fiber holder defining first and second fiber ports (42, 43) that register the respective ends of first and second fibers. A polarizer (50) is located between the first port and the reflector, an analyser (52) is located between the second port and the reflector (55), and a Faraday rotator (53) is disposed between the polarizer (50) and analyzer (52) on one side and the reflector (55) on the other side. The polarizer (50) and analyzer (52) have their polarization axes at a relative angle of 45° while the rotator is configured to provide a 22.5° rotation. The port locations, the reflector (55), the polarizer, and the analyzer are configured so that light diverging from the end of the first fiber and entering the first ...

Light control element

In a polarization-independent light control element operable at low voltage, optical waveguides are provided in an X-cut first substrate and control electrodes are disposed thereabove. Optical waveguides are provided in a Z-cut second substrate and control electrodes are disposed thereabove. The control electrodes of the first and second substrates are connected in series to each other in the propagation direction of light. This allows a transverse electric component and a transverse magnetic component to be efficiently controlled because of the incorporation of high electro-optical effects of the optical waveguides of the first substrate on the transverse electric component and high electro-optical effects of the optical waveguides of the second substrate on the transverse magnetic component.

WAVELENGTH CONVERSION DEVICE, CONTROL-LIGHT GENERATION DEVICE, WAVELENGTH CONVERSION METHOD, AND CONTROL-LIGHT GENERATION METHOD

A wavelength conversion device that converts input signal light having a first frequency into output signal light having a second frequency, includes: a control-light generator that outputs first continuous oscillation light and second continuous oscillation light; and a nonlinear optical medium that cross-phase modulates the input signal light with the first continuous oscillation light and the second continuous oscillation light and generates the output signal light, wherein the control-light generator outputs the first continuous oscillation light and the second continuous oscillation light to have polarized waves in directions orthogonal to each other and have a frequency interval equal to a difference between the first frequency and the second frequency and controls, based on intensity of the output signal light, timings of modulation of phases of the first continuous oscillation light and the second continuous oscillation light to be aligned with each other. 1. A wavelength conversion device that converts input signal light having a first frequency into output signal light having a second frequency that is in an in-phase or phase conjugate with the input signal light , the wavelength conversion device comprising:a control-light generator that outputs first continuous oscillation light and second continuous oscillation light; anda nonlinear optical medium that cross-phase modulates the input signal light with the first continuous oscillation light and the second continuous oscillation light and generates the output signal light, whereinthe control-light generator outputs the first continuous oscillation light and the second continuous oscillation light to have polarized waves in directions orthogonal to each other and have a frequency interval equal to a difference between the first frequency and the second frequency and controls, based on intensity of the output signal light, timings of modulation of phases of the first continuous oscillation light and the ...

Liquid crystal ferroelectric electro-optical phase modulators which are insensitive to polarization

The modulator is formed by a smectic chiral ferroelectric C* liquid crystal cell (CL), crossed by the light signal which is transmitted by the said fibre. The cell (CL) is provided with transparent walls and transparent command electrodes (5 to 7). The liquid crystal (CL), used in half-wave mode, is of the SSFLC (surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal) type, having a wide tile angle theta , which is as close as possible to 45 DEG , in such a way that the said modulator is insensitive to polarisation. The modulator may be connected to two parallel fibres (A2, A3; B2, B3), pertaining to the intermediary part of a Mach-Zehnder coupler between the two 3 dB couplers, and when it is provided in order to modulate the light signal transmitted by either one of the two fibres.

Semiconductor device comprising a directional coupler for the TE and TM components

An integrated semiconductor device including a directional optoelectronic coupler, which coupler comprises two parallel single-mode rectilinear optical waveguides over a total length D, separated by a small distance d, which coupler also comprises four electrodes of the same conductivity type, two on each waveguide, and at least one other electrode of the opposite conductivity type, characterized in that the coupler has an operation which is independent of the transverse electrical and transverse magnetic radiation components, TE and TM, respectively, present in random proportions in the incoming signal, under the condition in which the structural parameters of the coupler render it possible to ensure that the following relations are true: Z = D/2 (a) phi TE x LCTE = phi TM x LCTM (b) LCTM/LCTE = (1 - m/n)/ epsilon = k (c) (d) In which relations: Z is the dimension of each electrode on the waveguides, phi TM and phi TE are the phase mismatches provoked by the refractive-index changes ...

Polarization insensitive optical switch

A Fabry-Perot etalon 10 is located in the light path 30 between a light sourcesinks 40 and 44. The etalon is polarization insensitive, and its optical path length and transmission wavelength(s) is controlled by a bias source 60. When light at the desired wavelength is propagating from source 40, the bias is set to establish transmission through the etalon at that wavelength, whereupon the light propagates to the sink 44, and the switch is transmissive. By contrast, if the switch is to be nontransmissive, the bias sets the transmission wavelengths of the etalon on either side of the wavelength produced by source 40, whereupon the light from source 40 is reflected by the etalon, and does not reach sink 44. In a second embodiment, a third sourcesink 48 is coupled in a second light path 330a, for being coupled to the first sourcesink 40 when the etalon is set for reflection, to thereby form a single-pole, double-throw switch. In a third embodiment, a fourth sourcesink 68 is coupled in an extension ...

Optical device

An optical device, such as an optical isolator or an optical modulator, comprises a 45 DEG Faraday rotator or an electrooptic crystal which is interposed between tapered plates of birefringent material for separating and combining polarized light. The tapered plates are made of rectile or calcite. The optical device is polarization independent, and it can be miniaturized with less components than prior art optical devices. The optical isolator also allows one hundred percent of light in the forward direction to pass through it. The optical modulator can be used as a voltage senser.

Polarization-maintaining optical isolator

The application discloses an optical isolator having an input and an output, the optical isolator comprising a phase retardation plate positioned at the input, and an optical rotator positioned between the phase-retardation plate and the output, the isolator comprising a Faraday rotator positioned between a first polarizer and a second polarizer. The application also discloses a process comprising rotating a polarization of an optical signal using a phase retardation plate, and following the rotation of the polarization of the optical signal using a phase retardation plate, further rotating the polarization of the optical signal using an optical rotator.

Optical device

Polarisation-independent optical waveform shaping device

An optical signal processing device has a nonlinear optical medium (1,2), first to fourth power controllers (11,12,13,14) and polarization controllers (11,12,13,14). To the nonlinear optical medium (1,2), signal light, and first to fourth pumping lights having wavelengths different from the signal light are input. The power controllers (11,12,13,14) are provided at the input side of the nonlinear optical medium, and control the powers of the first to fourth pumping lights so that a predetermined gain is obtained in the nonlinear optical medium (1,2). The polarization controllers (11,12,13,14) are provided at the input side of the nonlinear optical medium (1,2), and adjust the first to fourth pumping lights so that the polarization states of the first and the second pumping lights are mutually orthogonal, the polarization states of the third and the fourth pumping lights are mutually orthogonal, and the polarization state of the third pumping light makes an angle of 45 degrees with the polarization ...

Optical device

The invention provides a small optical device with which incident light can be demultiplexed. The optical device includes a demultiplexing portion (4) (first optical member) separating TE waves and TM waves of incident light of a wavelength λ and an optical fiber (1) (optical input portion) inputting incident light into the demultiplexing portion (4). The demultiplexing portion (4) has a periodically changing refractive index. The angle defined by the first reciprocal lattice vector α1 and the second reciprocal lattice vector α2 of the demultiplexing portion (4) at the wavelength λ is not greater than 90°. In the direction of the first reciprocal lattice vector α1 the wave number of the TE wave is larger than the wave number of the TM wave. In the direction of the second reciprocal lattice vector α2 the wave number of the TE wave is smaller than the wave number of the TM wave. The optical fiber (1) inputs the incident light in a direction that is parallel to a plane including the first ...

TWO-STAGED SOUND-OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE DEVICE

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a two-staged sound-optical waveguide device capable of preventing an optical signal from crosstalk and noise, and a communication signal from being deteriorated in quality. SOLUTION: A two-staged sound-optical waveguide device is provided with two polarized light conversion stages 103, 203, a polarized light selective input element 104, a polarized light selective output element 205, and two intermediate polarized elements 105, 204, and is also provided with two branch parts 116, 216 in which the intermediate elements are coupled to each other, and two branch parts 118, 210 in which they are not coupled to each other, and the two branch parts are located on both sides of the mutually coupled branch parts 116, 211 and are extended to side waveguides 155, 255 reaching the substrate ends. COPYRIGHT: (C)1998,JPO ...

UMSCHALTBARE KOPPLUNG

Schemes for controlling optical signals in optically functional waveguide structures

Methods of attenuating, delaying the phase, and otherwise controlling an optical signal propagating along a wave-guide are provided. According to one method, a variable optical attenuator structure is provided comprising a waveguide core (10), a cladding (20), an electrooptic polymer (30), and a set of control electrodes (40). The core (10), the cladding (20), and the electrooptic polymer (30) are configured such that an increase in the index of refraction of the polymer (30) causes a substantial portion of an optical signal propagating along the waveguide core (10) to couple into a relatively high index region (32) of the electrooptic polymer (30) above the waveguide core (10), so as to inhibit return of the coupled signal to the waveguide core (10). Another embodiment of the present invention introduces a phase delay in the coupled optical signal and permits return of the coupled signal to the waveguide core (10). An additional embodiment contemplates the use of a ridge waveguide structure ...

Optoelectronic directional coupler

This invention relates to a polarization-independent optoelectronic directional coupler. A wafer (11) e.g. of lithium niobate has light waveguides (13) at its upper surface (12). There are main electrodes (17) and secondary electrodes (18) along the interaction length (L1) of the light waveguides. The wafer is oriented in relation to its crystalline structure (X,Y,Z) such that its optical axis (Z) is in a plane at right angles to the upper surface (12) and contains the longitudinal direction of the waveguides (13). The optical axis (Z) deviates here an angle ( beta ) of at most 15 degrees from the upper surface (12), and the X axis may have six symmetrically distributed positions, of which one is in the plane of the upper surface (12). Independent of the polarization state of a light beam, this beam entering at an input (14) can be switched in its entirety to either of the outputs (15) of the coupler. With the aid of the secondary electrodes (18) an electrical field through the waveguides ...

Schemes for controlling optical signals in optically functional waveguid structures

Waveguide structure

The present invention relates to a waveguide structure (1) comprising: a core (2) comprising a layer of electro-optic dielectric material such as barium titanate (3), a layer of semiconductor material (4) provided below the electro-optic material (3) and a layer of semiconductor material (5) provided above the electro-optic material (3), and electrodes (6, 6, 5 7, 8), that are configurable for voltage application, wherein: the electro-optic dielectric material (3) has a Pockels tensor containing at least one non-vanishing element rij where i≠j, and the electrodes (6, 6, 7, 8) comprise respective sets of electrodes (6, 6, 7, 8) comprising a set of electrodes (6, 6) that are provided substantially in direct contact with the electro-optic dielectric material (3), and a further set of electrodes (7, 8) comprising an electrode (7) provided substantially in direct contact with the semiconductor material (4) below the electro-optic material (3) and an electrode (8) provided substantially in ...

OPTICAL INSULATOR WITH LOW INSERT LOSSES AND MINIMIZATION POLARIZATION INTERMODE DISPERSION

Optical filter for frequency dependent filtering

Optical isolator with low insertion loss and minimized polarization mode dispersion

Guided wave electrooptic/acoustooptic tunable filter

TUNABLE POLARIZATION INDEPENDENT WAVELENGTH FILTER

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE STRUCTURES

An optical device comprises a waveguide structure formed by a strip (100) of a material having a relatively high free charge carrier density surrounded by a material having a relatively low free charge carrier density. The strip has finite width (W) and thickness (t) of the same order with dimensions such that optical radiation having a wavelength in a predetermined range couples to the strip and propagates along the length of the strip as a plasmon-polariton wave. Preferably the width and thickness are substantially equal and less than about 300 nm.

OPTICAL CIRCULATOR

Optical Isolator

POLARIZATION-INDEPENDENT OPTICAL SWITCHES/MODULATORS

A polarization-independent optical switch/modulator includes a pair of waveguides having mutually parallel portions spaced apart a distance allowing directional coupling therebetween. A set of first electrodes of an embedded type are disposed in the waveguide substrate in the vicinity of both sides of the optical waveguides for controlling polarized light having the electric field component in the direction parallel to the surface of the waveguide substrate. Further, a set of second electrodes are disposed on the optical waveguides for controlling polarized light having the electric field component perpendicular to the surface of the waveguide substrate. The lengths of the first and second electrodes are set to have a predetermined ratio therebetween and the first and second electrodes are connected to a common power source.

Optical Isolator

DEVICE OF PHASE MODULATION USING EFFECT ELECTROCLINIQUE IN a LIQUID CRYSTAL IN CHIRAL PHASE SMECTITE A*

Lcd light-reducing apparatus, and vehicle smart mirror using the same

The present invention relates to an LCD light-reducing apparatus, and to a vehicle smart mirror using the same, which are to be applied to the interior rear-view mirror or exterior side-view mirrors of a vehicle to protect the vision of the driver of the vehicle from bright lights or glares coming from behind him during nighttime drive. The LCD light-reducing apparatus according to the present invention comprises an LCD panel including at least one liquid crystal cell, and a power supply device for supplying a sufficient electric field to the LCD panel. The LCD cell includes a liquid crystal layer; and two substrate layers opposite one another with the liquid crystal layer at center thereof. The liquid crystal layer is filled with a compound including negative dielectric anisotropic nematic liquid crystals, a chiral material for inducing a cholesteric phase of the nematic liquid crystals to have a pitch of 1 to 4 times the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer, and dichromic dyes for being rearranged parallel to the nematic liquid crystals to transmit or absorb light in accordance with whether the electric field is applied or not. The substrate layer includes a tilted homeotropic alignment layer for arranging the respective nematic liquid crystals and dichromatic dyes in a first arrangement that is vertically aligned to the surface of the substrate layer, and an electrode for generating a sufficient electric field that passes through the liquid crystal layer to rearrange the nematic liquid crystals and dichromatic dyes in a second arrangement that is different from the first arrangement.

Polarization Independent Wavelength Converter And Polarization Independent Wavelength Conversion Method

A polarization independent wavelength converter includes a polarization maintaining optical fiber which includes a first and a second ends and has a first polarization axis and a second polarization axis, the first and the second polarization axes being orthogonal to each other and propagating light at different velocities, and a group velocity difference cancellation unit that receives a signal light having a certain polarization state and a pump light including a polarization component parallel to the first polarization axis and a polarization component parallel to the second polarization axis and that causes the signal light and a wavelength-converted light generated in the polarization maintaining optical fiber by the signal and the pump lights to pass through the polarization maintaining optical fiber in a manner not to be influenced by a group velocity difference of each of the signal and the wavelength-converted lights between the first and the second polarization axes.

MULTIFOCAL SYSTEM USING ADAPTIVE LENSES

A device is provided. The device includes a first lens assembly controllable to switch between a first plurality of optical powers. The first lens assembly includes a plurality of directly optically coupled lenses. The device also includes a second lens assembly controllable to switch between a second plurality of optical powers that are the opposite of the first plurality of optical powers. The device further includes a half-wave plate disposed between the first adaptive lens assembly and the second adaptive lens assembly. 1. A device , comprising:a first lens assembly controllable to switch between a first plurality of optical powers, the first lens assembly comprising a plurality of directly optically coupled lenses;a second lens assembly controllable to switch between a second plurality of optical powers that are the opposite of the first plurality of optical powers; anda half-wave plate disposed between the first adaptive lens assembly and the second adaptive lens assembly.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the half-wave plate is configured to convert a first light having a first polarization received from the first adaptive lens assembly to a second light having a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization claim 1 , and output the second light toward the second adaptive lens assembly.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein at least one lens of the plurality of directly optically coupled lenses is switchable between a non-zero optical power state and a zero optical power state.4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the at least one lens is a circular polarization dependent active liquid crystal (“LC”) lens.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the directly optically coupled lenses in the first lens assembly are first lenses claim 1 , and the second lens assembly comprises a plurality of directly optically coupled second lenses.6. The device of claim 5 , wherein:at least one first lens of the plurality of directly optically coupled first lenses is switchable ...

OPTICAL ISOLATOR MODULE

The present invention provides an optical isolator module, including: a plurality of optical devices, each comprising a Faraday rotator and being configured to have an optical isolator function upon application of a magnetic field, a magnet to apply the magnetic field to the Faraday rotator in each of the plurality of optical devices, wherein at least two optical devices of the plurality of optical devices are configured to have the optical isolator functions in different directions from each other, and each magnetic field applied with the magnet is in the same direction. This provides an optical isolator module that can be prevented from degradation of the performance such as increase of insertion loss and degradation of isolation due to magnetic field interference even when a plurality of optical isolators are close to each other. 1. An optical isolator module , comprising:a plurality of optical devices, each comprising a Faraday rotator and being configured to have an optical isolator function upon application of a magnetic field,a magnet to apply the magnetic field to the Faraday rotator in each of the plurality of optical devices,wherein at least two optical devices of the plurality of optical devices are configured to have the optical isolator functions in different directions from each other, and each magnetic field applied with the magnet is in the same direction.2. The optical isolator module according to claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of optical devices further comprises a polarizer.3. The optical isolator module according to claim 1 , wherein at least two optical devices of the plurality of optical devices are configured to have the optical isolator functions in the opposite directions to each other.4. The optical isolator module according to claim 2 , wherein at least two optical devices of the plurality of optical devices are configured to have the optical isolator functions in the opposite directions to each other.5. The optical isolator ...

STANDING HELIX FERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY CELL

A standing helix ferroelectric liquid crystal display cell includes: two transparent substrates (A, B); a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer () comprising ferroelectric liquid crystals in a standing helix configuration, the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer () being disposed between the two transparent substrates (A, B), the ferroelectric liquid crystals having a helix axis perpendicular to the two substrates (A, B) and chiral smectic liquid crystal helix pitch shorter than a wavelength of a polarized light normally impinging at least one of the two transparent substrates (A, B); and inter-digital electrodes (), disposed in plane with the two transparent substrates (A, B), configured to apply an electric field to the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer () that provides a driving voltage below a critical voltage for helix unwinding. 1. A standing helix ferroelectric liquid crystal display cell , comprising:two transparent substrates;a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer comprising ferroelectric liquid crystals in a standing helix configuration, the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer being disposed between the two transparent substrates, the ferroelectric liquid crystals having a helix axis perpendicular to the two substrates and chiral smectic liquid crystal helix pitch shorter than a wavelength of a polarized light normally impinging at least one of the two transparent substrates; andinter-digital electrodes, disposed in plane with the two transparent substrates, configured to apply an electric field to the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer that provides a driving voltage below a critical voltage for helix unwinding.2. The standing helix ferroelectric liquid crystal display cell according to claim 1 , wherein the two transparent substrates comprise glass or plastic.3. The standing helix ferroelectric liquid crystal display cell according to claim 1 , wherein the inter-digital electrodes comprises patterned transparent conductive layers.4. The standing helix ...

Liquid crystal beam control device

Liquid crystal light beam control devices and their manufacture are described. Beneficial aspects of beam broadening devices employed for controlled illumination and architectural purposes are presented including improving beam divergence control, improving beam broadening dynamic range control, beam divergence preconditioning, improving projected beam intensity uniformity and reducing color separation in the projected beam. Both beam control devices having in-plane and homeotropic ground state liquid crystal alignment are presented.

Polarization Insensitive Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCOS) Phase Modulators and Related Devices and Methods

A polarization insensitive optical phase modulator is provided including a glass substrate; a liquid crystal element; a first electrode on a first surface of the liquid crystal element adjacent the glass substrate; a second electrode on a second surface of the liquid crystal element, opposite the first surface, the first and second electrodes supplying an electric potential across the liquid crystal element to drive liquid crystals in a predetermined configuration; and a silicon backplane on the second electrode opposite the liquid crystal element. The first electrode is a transparent electrode to a selected wavelength and is on a surface of the glass substrate. The second electrode includes individually addressable pixels and reflection metal mirrors on pixel surfaces and is on a surface of the silicon backplane. The modulator further includes a polymer quarter-wave plate (QWP) between the second electrode and the liquid crystal element, the polymer QWP having an optical axis at 45 degrees to liquid crystal slow axis. 1. A polarization insensitive optical phase modulator comprising:a glass substrate;a liquid crystal element;a first electrode on a first surface of the liquid crystal element adjacent the glass substrate;a second electrode on a second surface of the liquid crystal element, opposite the first surface, the first and second electrodes supplying an electric potential across the liquid crystal element to drive liquid crystals in a predetermined configuration;a silicon backplane on the second electrode opposite the liquid crystal element;wherein the first electrode is a transparent electrode to a selected wavelength and is on a surface of the glass substrate; andwherein the second electrode includes individually addressable pixels and reflection metal mirrors on pixel surfaces and is on a surface of the silicon backplane; anda polymer quarter-wave plate (QWP) between the second electrode and the liquid crystal element, the polymer QWP having an optical axis ...

Holey optical device

A method of making an optical device including forming a plurality of holes with varying radii milled vertically into a film, wherein said holes form a pattern. The radius of each hole determines an effective refractive index for said hole. The effective refractive index modifies a phase and an intensity of an incoming electromagnetic radiation as the radiation propagates through said hole. The device is configured to be operating equally for each linearly polarized radiation simultaneously, wherein the each linearly polarized radiation is normally incident on the device.

Method And System For A Polarization Immune Wavelength Division Multiplexing Demultiplexer

Methods and systems for a polarization immune wavelength division multiplexing demultiplexer are disclosed and may include, in an optoelectronic transceiver having an input coupler, a demultiplexer, and an amplitude scrambler: receiving input optical signals via the input coupler, communicating the input optical signals to the amplitude scrambler via waveguides, configuring the average optical power in each of the waveguides utilizing the amplitude scrambler, and demultiplexing the optical signals utilizing the demultiplexer. The amplitude scrambler may include phase modulators and a coupling section. The phase modulators may include sections of P-N junctions in the two waveguides. The demultiplexer may include a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer. The demultiplexed signals may be received utilizing photodetectors. The input coupler may include a polarization splitting grating coupler. The average optical power may be configured above which demultiplexer control circuitry is able to control the demultiplexer to process incoming optical signals. 1. A method for optical communication , the method comprising: receiving at least two modulated input optical signals at the amplitude scrambler;', 'configuring an average optical power in each of the at least two waveguides utilizing the amplitude scrambler; and', 'demultiplexing the at least two modulated optical signals utilizing the demultiplexer., 'in a transceiver having a demultiplexer and an amplitude scrambler, the amplitude scrambler comprising a plurality of phase modulation sections coupled to outputs of the amplitude scrambler via at least two waveguides2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the amplitude scrambler comprises phase modulators and a coupling section.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the phase modulators comprise sections of P-N junctions in the at least two waveguides.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the demultiplexer comprises a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer.5. The method ...

System and Method for an Optical Phase Shifter

In one embodiment, an optical phase shifter includes a first waveguide phase shifter and a second waveguide phase shifter. The optical phase shifter also includes a first polarization rotator optically coupled between the first waveguide phase shifter and the second waveguide phase shifter, where the first waveguide phase shifter, second waveguide phase shifter, and first polarization rotator are integrated on a single substrate.

LIQUID-CHYSTAL ACHROMATIC PHASE MODULATOR

An achromatic phase modulator () adapted to modulate the phase of an incident beam of light (INCIDENT LIGHT) and to output the thus modulated light, the phase modulator () comprising a plurality of liquid crystal elements disposed in series on a light path of the incident light and a control unit () comprising a plurality of power sources () for applying drive electric signals to the liquid crystal elements, wherein the plurality of liquid crystal elements comprises at least a first and a second liquid crystal element groups (FIRST LIQUID CRYSTAL ELEMENT GROUP; SECOND LIQUID CRYSTAL ELEMENT GROUP), each group being composed of a pair of liquid crystal elements, the liquid crystal elements of the first and second group respectively being made of a first and a second liquid crystal material having a first and a second, different, refractive index wavelength dependence characteristic, the thicknesses (d, d) of the liquid crystal elements forming each group being equal. 1. An achromatic phase modulator that modulates phase of an incident light and outputs the light having undergone phase modulation , comprising:a plurality of liquid crystal elements disposed in series on a light path of the incident light, which are composed of liquid crystal materials; anda control unit for applying drive electric signals to the liquid crystal elements so as to achieve achromatic phase modulation for the incident light, wherein:the plurality of liquid crystal element comprises at least a first liquid crystal element group composed of a pair of liquid crystal elements both of which liquid crystal materials have a first refractive index wavelength dependence characteristics and a second liquid crystal element group composed of a pair of liquid crystal elements both of which liquid crystal materials have a second refractive index wavelength dependence characteristics;thicknesses of both of liquid crystal material layers of the liquid crystal elements constituting the first liquid crystal ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device includes: a color filter including a first transmissive filter, a second transmissive filter, and a third transmissive filter, the first, second and third transmissive filters being configured to transmit respective light beams having peak wavelengths different from each other; a first selective-wavelength-reflection layer adjacent to an optical-input surface of the first transmissive filter, the first selective-wavelength-reflection layer being configured to reflect light of a wavelength band that passes through the third transmissive filter; a second selective-wavelength-reflection layer adjacent to an optical-input surface of the second transmissive filter, the second selective-wavelength-reflection layer being configured to reflect light of a wavelength band that passes through the third transmissive filter, the second selective-wavelength-reflection layer being identical in composition to the first selective-wavelength-reflection layer; and a light emitter configured to emit light that travels toward the color filter. 1. A display device comprising:a color filter including a first transmissive filter, a second transmissive filter, and a third transmissive filter, the first, second and third transmissive filters being configured to transmit respective light beams having peak wavelengths different from each other;a first selective-wavelength-reflection layer adjacent to an optical-input surface of the first transmissive filter, the first selective-wavelength-reflection layer being configured to reflect light of a wavelength band that passes through the third transmissive filter;a second selective-wavelength-reflection layer adjacent to an optical-input surface of the second transmissive filter, the second selective-wavelength-reflection layer being configured to reflect light of a wavelength band that passes through the third transmissive filter, the second selective-wavelength-reflection layer being identical in composition to the first ...

HIGH MAGNETIC FIELD-TYPE MULTI-PASS FARADAY ROTATOR

A multi-pass-type Faraday rotator useful in an optical isolator is provisioned with high-efficiency, high-field permanent magnets formed with minimal magnetic material. A high magnetic field is generated by two sets of magnets attached to outer pole plates that are mirror images of each other. Like-type poles of the magnets in each set are disposed against each other above and below the beam path plane of a multi-pass Faraday optic. Each set of magnets is formed of a central block of magnetic material with magnetization oriented substantially parallel to the multi-pass beam path on the Faraday optic, adjoined by adjacent blocks of magnetic material with magnetization oriented substantially perpendicular to the central magnet block and with like poles to the central magnet block where the magnets border the multi-pass Faraday optic. 1. A multi-pass Faraday rotator comprising:an optical input port;an optical output port;a Faraday optic comprising a block of optically transparent material capable of Faraday effect rotation, said Faraday optic longitudinally disposed on a beam path between said optical input port and said optical output port, said block having two optical faces substantially normal to said beam path, said beam path making at least two passes between said optical faces and thereby forming a beam path plane;a permanent magnet structure for producing an intense, unidirectional magnetic field in said Faraday optic in order to induce rotation of the plane of polarization of optical radiation of the beam, said permanent magnet structure including at least six permanent magnets each magnetized along their magnetization axis;said magnets being attached to outer pole plates at a distal plane surface from the beam path plane and disposed in mirror image magnet sets on opposite sides of the beam path plane with magnets of a first magnet set being disposed generally with like-type poles in transverse registration with the magnets of a second magnet set;said magnet ...

POLARIZATION INDEPENDENT OPTICAL PHASE MODULATOR

A polarization independent optical phase modulator includes two substrates, two electrode layers, two alignment layers, and a liquid crystal layer. Each of alignment layers has first and second alignment regions each having a predetermined width in a transverse direction, which is not greater than a half of the wavelength of an incident light. In the liquid crystal layer, two adjacent ones of liquid crystal elements in the transverse direction are aligned respectively by two adjacent ones of the first and second alignment regions in two predetermined orientations which are orthogonal to each other, thereby permitting phase modulation of the incident light to be independent of the polarization of the incident light. 1. A polarization independent optical phase modulator for phase modulation of an incident light having a wavelength , said polarization independent optical phase modulator comprising:a first substrate and a second substrate which are spaced apart from each other along a line normal to said first and second substrates, at least one of said first and second substrates being light-transmissive;a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer which are respectively formed on said first and second substrates; a plurality of first alignment regions which respectively extend in a longitudinal direction, and which are displaced from each other by a predetermined width in a transverse direction relative to the longitudinal direction, and', 'a plurality of second alignment regions which respectively extend in the longitudinal direction, and which are disposed to alternate said first alignment regions, said second alignment regions having a different alignment pattern from that of said first alignment regions, each of said first and second alignment regions having the predetermined width in the transverse direction, which is not greater than a half of the wavelength; and, 'a first alignment layer and a second alignment layer which are respectively formed on said ...

OPTOELECTRONIC MODULATOR, PHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT, AND METHOD

A photonic integrated circuit, an optoelectronic modulator, and a method of modulating light in a photonic integrated circuit are provided. The photonic integrated circuit comprises: an input waveguide which, in use, receives light in a superposition of two polarisation modes of the waveguide; a polarisation splitter, connected to the input waveguide, and configured to provide, at a first output, light in a first polarisation mode of the two polarisation modes of the waveguide and, at a second output, light in a second polarisation mode of the two polarisation modes of the waveguide; a first polarisation rotator, connected to the first output of the polarisation splitter, and configured to rotate light received therefrom from the first polarisation mode to the second polarisation mode; an optoelectronic modulator, having a first modulation waveguide connected to the first polarisation rotator and a second modulation waveguide connected to the second output of the polarisation splitter. 1. A photonic integrated circuit , comprising:an input waveguide configured to guide light in a superposition of two polarisation modes of the waveguide;a polarisation splitter, connected to the input waveguide, and configured to provide, at a first output, light in a first polarisation mode of the two polarisation modes and, at a second output, light in a second polarisation mode of the two polarisation modes;a first polarisation rotator, connected to the first output of the polarisation splitter, and configured to rotate light received therefrom from the first polarisation mode to the second polarisation mode;an optoelectronic modulator, having a first modulation waveguide connected to the first polarisation rotator and a second modulation waveguide connected to the second output of the polarisation splitter, and configured to modulate light in each waveguide according to a modulation scheme;a first intermediate waveguide and a second intermediate waveguide, connected respectively ...

Wavelength Division Multiplexed Polarization Independent Reflective Modulators

An apparatus comprising a polarization beam splitter optically coupled to a first light path and a second light path and configured to receive a CW light having a plurality of wavelengths, forward a first light beam of the CW light along the first light path, and forward a second light beam of the CW light along the second light path. A first multiplexer coupled to the first light path and configured to de-multiplex the first light beam into a first plurality of channels each corresponding to one of the plurality of wavelengths. A second multiplexer coupled to the second light path and configured to de-multiplex the second light beam into a second plurality of channels each corresponding to one of the plurality of wavelengths. A modulator coupled to the first multiplexer and the second multiplexer and configured to modulate the first plurality of channels and the second plurality of channels. 1. An apparatus comprising:a polarization beam splitter optically coupled to a first light path and a second light path and configured to:receive a continuous wave (CW) light having a plurality of wavelengths;forward a first light beam of the CW light along the first light path; andforward a second light beam of the CW light along the second light path, wherein a first polarization of the first light beam is perpendicular to a second polarization of the second light beam when exiting the polarization beam splitter;a first multiplexer coupled to the first light path and configured to de-multiplex the first light beam into a first plurality of optical carriers, each of the first plurality of optical carriers corresponding to one of the plurality of wavelengths;a second multiplexer coupled to the second light path and configured to de-multiplex the second light beam into a second plurality of optical carriers, each of second plurality of optical carriers corresponding to one of the plurality of wavelengths; anda first optical modulator coupled to the first multiplexer and the ...

ELECTRICALLY TUNABLE POLARIZATION INDEPENDED LIQUID CRYSTAL MICRO-LENS ARRAY

A polarization-independent liquid crystal micro-lens array, comprising, an optically transparent, dielectric planar panel, an optically transparent upper planar electrode deposited upon the planar panel top surface and bottom surface, a top substrate positioned adjacent to the planar panel top surface, a top pattern electrode deposited on the top substrate internal surface, a top liquid crystal layer disposed between the planar panel top surface and the top substrate internal surface, the top liquid crystal layer having a first polarization, a bottom substrate positioned adjacent to the planar panel bottom surface, a bottom pattern electrode deposited on the bottom substrate internal surface, a bottom liquid crystal layer disposed between the planar panel bottom surface and the bottom substrate internal surface, the bottom liquid crystal layer having a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization. 1. A polarization-independent liquid crystal micro-lens array , comprising:an optically transparent, dielectric planar panel, the planar panel having a top surface and a bottom surface;an optically transparent upper planar electrode deposited upon the planar panel top surface;an optically transparent lower planar electrode deposited upon the planar panel bottom surface;a top substrate having a top substrate external surface and a top substrate internal surface, the top substrate positioned adjacent to the planar panel top surface;a top pattern electrode deposited on the top substrate internal surface, wherein the top pattern electrode is patterned with an array of micro-holes;a top spacer disposed between the planar panel top surface and the top substrate internal surface;a top liquid crystal layer disposed between the planar panel top surface and the top substrate internal surface, the top liquid crystal layer having a first polarization;a bottom substrate having a bottom substrate external surface and a bottom substrate internal surface, the bottom substrate ...

Optical Source

The present invention provides an optical source comprising a laser, a first optical power splitter, phase changing equipment, polarisation state setting equipment, a polarisation beam coupler and an output. The laser is configured to generate an optical signal. The first optical power splitter is configured to split the optical signal into a first optical signal and a second optical signal. The phase changing equipment is configured to change the phase of at least one of the first optical signal and the second optical signal such that the first optical signal has a first phase and the second optical signal has a second phase different from the first phase by a preselected phase difference. The polarisation state setting equipment is configured to set the polarisation state of at least one of the first optical signal and the second optical signal such that the first optical signal has a first state of polarisation and the second optical signal has a second state of polarisation substantially orthogonal from the first state of polarisation. The polarisation beam coupler is configured to combine the first optical signal and the second optical signal into a composite optical signal comprising both the first optical signal and the second optical signal having said orthogonal states of polarisation. The output is arranged to output at least a portion of the composite optical signal. 113-. (canceled)14. An optical source comprising:a laser configured to generate an optical signal;a first optical power splitter configured to split the optical signal into a first optical signal and a second optical signal;phase changing equipment configured to change the phase of at least one of the first optical signal and the second optical signal such that the first optical signal has a first phase and the second optical signal has a second phase different from the first phase by a preselected phase difference;polarization state setting equipment configured to set the polarization state ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR LASER SYSTEMS WITH VARIABLE BEAM PARAMETER PRODUCT

In various embodiments, a beam-parameter adjustment system and focusing system alters a spatial power distribution of a radiation beams before the beam is coupled into an optical fiber or delivered to a workpiece. 116.-. (canceled)17. A method of producing an output beam , the method comprising:receiving a first radiation beam;receiving a second radiation beam;coupling the first radiation beam into an optical fiber at a first location on an input end of the optical fiber;coupling the second radiation beam into the optical fiber at a second location on the input end of the optical fiber, the second location being different from the first location;emitting an output beam from an output end of the optical fiber, the output beam (i) comprising at least portions of the first and second radiation beams, and (ii) having one or more beam properties different from those of the first radiation beam and/or the second radiation beam.18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the first radiation beam and the second radiation beam are emitted toward the optical fiber from the same beam source.19. The method of claim 17 , wherein coupling the first radiation beam into the optical fiber comprises focusing the first radiation beam toward the optical fiber with an optical element.20. The method of claim 19 , wherein coupling the second radiation beam into the optical fiber comprises focusing the second radiation beam toward the optical fiber with the optical element.21. The method of claim 19 , wherein claim 19 , before the first and second radiation beams are coupled into the optical fiber claim 19 , the first radiation beam has a first trajectory toward the optical fiber and the second radiation beam has a second trajectory claim 19 , different from the first trajectory claim 19 , toward the optical fiber.22. The method of claim 17 , wherein at least one of the first radiation beam or the second radiation beam is a multi-wavelength beam composed of a plurality of different wavelengths.23 ...

Polarization-insensitive phase modulator

An optical device () includes an electro-optical layer, including a liquid crystal material () with a heliconical structure having a pitch that is less than 250 nm and is modifiable by an electric field. An array of excitation electrodes () extends over the electro-optical layer. Control circuitry () is coupled to apply control voltage waveforms to the excitation electrodes and is configured to modify the control voltage waveforms so as to locally modify a molecule director angle of the heliconical structure and thus to generate a specified phase modulation profile in the electro-optical layer. 1. An optical device , comprising:an electro-optical layer, comprising a liquid crystal material with a heliconical structure having a pitch that is less than 250 nm and is modifiable by an electric field;an array of excitation electrodes extending over the electro-optical layer; andcontrol circuitry, which is coupled to apply control voltage waveforms to the excitation electrodes and is configured to modify the control voltage waveforms so as to locally modify a molecule director angle of the heliconical structure and thus to generate a specified phase modulation profile in the electro-optical layer.2. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid crystal material comprises a combination of one or more liquid crystals and a chiral additive.3. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid crystal material comprises a chiral liquid crystal.4. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the phase modulation profile is independent of a polarization of the incident light.5. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry is configured to apply the control voltage waveforms to the excitation electrodes so that the device functions as a lens claim 1 , having focal properties determined by the phase modulation profile.6. The optical device according to claim 5 , wherein the lens is configured as an ophthalmic lens with an ...

NONRECIPROCAL OPTICAL TRANSMISSION DEVICE AND OPTICAL APPARATUS INCLUDING THE SAME

Nonreciprocal optical transmission devices and optical apparatuses including the nonreciprocal optical transmission devices are provided. A nonreciprocal optical transmission device includes an optical input portion, an optical output portion, and an intermediate connecting portion interposed between the optical input portion and the optical output portion, and comprising optical waveguides. A complex refractive index of any one or any combination of the optical waveguides changes between the optical input portion and the optical output portion, and a transmission direction of light through the nonreciprocal optical transmission device is controlled by a change in the complex refractive index. 1. A nonreciprocal optical transmission device comprising:an optical input portion;an optical output portion; andan intermediate connecting portion interposed between the optical input portion and the optical output portion, and comprising optical waveguides,wherein a complex refractive index of any one or any combination of the optical waveguides changes between the optical input portion and the optical output portion, and a transmission direction of light through the nonreciprocal optical transmission device is controlled by a change in the complex refractive index.2. The nonreciprocal optical transmission device of claim 1 , wherein a change profile of the complex refractive index in a direction from the optical input portion to the optical output portion and a change profile of the complex refractive index in a direction from the optical output portion to the optical input portion are asymmetric with respect to a center of the intermediate connecting portion.3. The nonreciprocal optical transmission device of claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguides comprise a first optical waveguide and a second optical waveguide claim 1 , and{'sub': 1', '2, 'a difference between a change amount (Δn′) of a real part of a complex refractive index of the first optical waveguide and a change ...

TUNABLE ELECTRO-OPTIC FILTER

Provided is a tunable electro-optic filter including a reflective structure including a first reflective layer including a first pattern layer having a first meta-surface structure disposed on a first side of the liquid crystal layer and a second reflective layer including a second pattern layer having a second meta-surface structure disposed on a second side of the liquid crystal layer. Each of the first meta-surface structure and the second meta-surface structure includes multiple dielectric materials which are alternately stacked, and a thickness of each dielectric material gradually increases. Alternately, the tunable electro-optic filter may include a pattern layer having a meta-surface structure disposed on at least a side of the liquid crystal layer. 1. A tunable electro-optic filter comprising:a liquid crystal layer;a first electrode layer disposed on a first side of the liquid crystal layer and a second electrode layer disposed on a second side of the liquid crystal layer; anda reflective structure comprising a first reflective layer disposed on the first side of the liquid crystal layer and a second reflective layer disposed on the second side of the liquid crystal layer,wherein each of the first reflective layer and the second reflective layer has a meta-surface structure.2. The tunable electro-optic filter of claim 1 , wherein:the first reflective layer comprises a first pattern layer, having a meta-surface structure, disposed on a surface of a first transparent substrate, andthe second reflective layer comprises a second pattern layer, having a meta-surface structure, disposed on a surface of a second transparent substrate.3. The tunable electro-optic filter of claim 2 , wherein each of the first pattern layer and the second pattern layer comprises one of a dielectric material and a metal.4. The tunable electro-optic filter of claim 2 , wherein each of the first pattern layer and the second pattern layer comprises one of a one-dimensional grating ...

SPECTRAL AND PHASE MODULATION TUNABLE BIREFRINGENCE DEVICES

The present invention describes a liquid crystal composite tunable device for fast polarisation-independent modulation of an incident light beam comprising: (a) two supporting and functional panels, at least one of them coated with a transparent conductive electrode layer and with optionally at least one additional layer selected from an alignment layer, antireflective coating layer, thermochromic or electrochromic layer, photoconductive or photosensitive layer, and (b) a composite structure sandwiched between said two panels and made of a liquid crystal and porous microparticles infiltrated with said liquid crystal. The porous microparticles have an average refractive index approximately equals to one of the liquid crystal principal refractive indices, matching that of the liquid crystal at one orientational state (for example, parallel n), and exhibiting large mismatch at another orientational state (for example, perpendicular n). This refractive index mismatch between said microparticles and said liquid crystal is tuned by applying an external electric or magnetic field, thermally or optically. 2. The smart window or the privacy window of claim 1 , wherein said microparticles have spatial dimensions in the range of about 0.3-30 microns.3. The smart window or the privacy window of claim 1 , wherein said microparticles are made of photosensitive claim 1 , thermochromic or electrochromic material claim 1 , and wherein said microparticles are suitable for strongly scattering the infrared radiation from the sun and partially reflecting or absorbing it claim 1 , while transmitting the light in the visible range claim 1 , thereby making said window thermochromic smart and privacy window at the same time.4. The smart window or the privacy window of claim 3 , wherein said thermochromic material is vanadium oxide claim 3 , tungsten oxide claim 3 , titanium oxide or zinc oxide claim 3 , or said electrochromic material is a chalcogenide glass claim 3 , such as GST (germanium ...

IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO OPTICAL ELEMENTS

An electrically switchable optical modulator for modulating an optical wavefront transmitted therethrough, comprising a birefringent first optical element and a birefringent second optical element each having respective ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices. A birefringent liquid crystal material is sandwiched between the first and second optical elements. The extraordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal material is electrically switchable between: a first state in which it has a first value; and, a second state in which it has a second value different from the first value. One or both of the first value and the second value is un-matched to the extraordinary refractive index of the first optical element in respect of light polarised in a first direction of linear polarisation, and is un-matched to the extraordinary refractive index of the second optical element in respect of light polarised in a second direction of linear polarisation orthogonal to the first direction. This switchably renders a relative contrast in extraordinary refractive index as between the liquid crystal material and the first and second optical elements for modulating said wavefront. 1. An electrically switchable optical modulator for modulating an optical wavefront transmitted therethrough , comprising:a birefringent first optical element and a birefringent second optical element each having respective ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices;a birefringent liquid crystal material sandwiched between the first and second optical elements; a first state in which it has a first value; and,', 'a second state in which it has a second value different from the first value;', 'wherein one or both of the first value and the second value is un-matched to the extraordinary refractive index of the first optical element in respect of light polarised in a first direction of linear polarisation, and is un-matched to the extraordinary refractive index of the second optical element in ...

HOLEY OPTICAL DEVICE

A planar optical device, comprised of sets of nanometer-scale holes milled into a thin metal or ceramic film of subwavelength thickness serves to form arbitrary waveform of light. The holes form a pattern, preferrably rings, of various sizes in order to achieve a given phase front of light due to photonic effect. When designed as a lens, the device focuses incident light into a tight focal spot. In symmetric design, the focusing property of the device does not depend on the incident polarization angle. The lens can be manufactured based on high-throughput fabrication methods and easily integrated with a chip or placed at the end of an optical fiber. 1. A planar polarization-independent optical device for arbitrary waveform formation , comprising:a plurality of subwavelength-scale holes with varying radii milled vertically into a film, wherein said holes form a pattern, wherein a radius of each hole determines an effective refractive index for said hole, said effective refractive index modifying a phase and an intensity of an incoming electromagnetic radiation as the radiation propagates through said hole (due to a waveguide effect in each hole), and wherein a desired phase front of total outputted electromagnetic radiation emitted out of all holes is created, thus achieving phase control in said film, wherein the devices is operating equally for an arbitrary linearly polarized radiation normally incident on the device.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein a focal distance of the optical device claim 1 , which is operating as a lens claim 1 , is controlled by adjustment of a wavelength of the incoming electromagnetic radiation.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein a focal distance of the optical device is in the range from one to twenty micrometer.4. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a filler applied to the device after the holes are milled claim 1 , the filler filling the holes.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the filler is a non-linear Kerr medium.6. The ...

METHOD FOR OBTAINING A MATERIAL COMPRISING A LIQUID CRYSTAL MIX WITH A STABILIZED BLUE PHASE AND OPTICAL ARTICLE COMPRISING THIS MATERIAL

Disclosed herein is a method for obtaining a material comprising mesogenic compounds forming a liquid crystal mix with a stabilized blue phase. The method includes the steps of a) inducing the liquid crystal mix, contained in a chemical composition, to form the blue phase, then b) illuminating the chemical composition with a light beam of visible wavelength in order to trigger the polymerization of monomers contained in the chemical composition, to obtain the material comprising the liquid crystal mix in the blue phase stabilized by the polymerized monomers. The chemical composition contains a mesogenic system and a chemical photo-initiator system adapted to trigger the polymerization of the monomers when illuminated by the light beam of visible wavelength, in which the mesogenic system includes the mesogenic compounds forming the liquid crystal mix, a chiral dopant adapted to induce the blue phase, and a monomer mix comprising the monomers adapted to polymerize. 1. A method for obtaining a material comprising mesogenic compounds forming a liquid crystal mix with a stabilized blue phase , the method comprising:a) inducing the liquid crystal mix, contained in a chemical composition, to form the blue phase; thenb) illuminating the chemical composition with a light beam of visible wavelength in order to trigger the polymerization of monomers contained in the chemical composition, to obtain the material comprising the liquid crystal mix in the blue phase stabilized by the polymerized monomers,wherein:the chemical composition comprises a mesogenic system and a chemical photo-initiator system; the mesogenic compounds forming the liquid crystal mix,', 'a chiral dopant adapted to induce the blue phase, and', 'a monomer mix comprising the monomers adapted to polymerize; and, 'the mesogenic system comprises'}the chemical photo-initiator system is adapted to trigger the polymerization of the monomers when illuminated by the light beam of visible wavelength.221. The method of ...

OPTICAL CIRCULATOR ARRAY

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for optical communications. In one aspect, an optical circulator array includes a plurality of stacked three port circulators each having a respective first port of a first port array, a respective second port of a second port array, and a respective third port of a third port array. Each of the plurality of staked three port circulators share optical components including a first micro lens array optically coupled to the first port array and the third port array, a first walk off crystal, a first half wave plate, a first faraday rotator, a first birefringence wedge pair, a second birefringence wedge pair, a second Faraday rotator, a second half wave plate, a second birefringence walk off crystal, and a second micro lens array optically coupled to the second port array.

NONRECIPROCAL OPTICAL TRANSMISSION DEVICE AND OPTICAL APPARATUS INCLUDING THE SAME

Nonreciprocal optical transmission devices and optical apparatuses including the nonreciprocal optical transmission devices are provided. A nonreciprocal optical transmission device includes an optical input portion, an optical output portion, and an intermediate connecting portion interposed between the optical input portion and the optical output portion, and comprising optical waveguides. A complex refractive index of any one or any combination of the optical waveguides changes between the optical input portion and the optical output portion, and a transmission direction of light through the nonreciprocal optical transmission device is controlled by a change in the complex refractive index. 1. A nonreciprocal optical transmission device comprising:an optical input portion;an optical output portion; andan intermediate connecting portion interposed between the optical input portion and the optical output portion, and comprising a first optical waveguide and a second optical waveguide,a first side patch disposed opposite the second optical waveguide with respect to the first optical waveguide,wherein a distance between the first side patch and the first optical waveguide decreases and then increases in a direction from the optical input portion to the optical output portion, or increases and then decreases in the direction from the optical input portion to the optical output portion.2. A nonreciprocal optical transmission device of claim 1 , wherein either one or both of a width and a thickness of the first optical waveguide changes in the direction from the optical input portion to the optical output portion claim 1 , andwherein both of a width and a thickness of the second optical waveguide is maintained constant between the optical input portion to the optical output portion.3. A nonreciprocal optical transmission device of claim 1 , wherein either one or both of a width and a thickness of the second optical waveguide changes in the direction from the optical ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR LASER SYSTEMS WITH VARIABLE BEAM PARAMETER PRODUCT

In various embodiments, a beam-parameter adjustment system and focusing system alters a spatial power distribution of a radiation beams before the beam is coupled into an optical fiber or delivered to a workpiece. 116.-. (canceled)17. A method of altering one or more properties of a radiation beam , the method comprising:receiving a radiation beam from a beam source;splitting the radiation beam into at least a first portion and a second portion;coupling the first portion of the radiation beam into an optical fiber at a first location on an input face of the optical fiber;coupling the second portion of the radiation beam into the optical fiber at a second location on the input face of the optical fiber, the second location being different from the first location; andemitting an output radiation beam from an output face of the optical fiber, the output radiation beam (i) comprising the first and second portions of the radiation beam and (ii) having one or more properties different from those of the radiation beam.18. The method of claim 17 , wherein coupling the first portion of the radiation beam into the optical fiber comprises focusing the first portion of the radiation beam toward the optical fiber with an optical element.19. The method of claim 18 , wherein coupling the second portion of the radiation beam into the optical fiber comprises focusing the second portion of the radiation beam toward the optical fiber with the optical element.20. The method of claim 17 , wherein splitting the radiation beam into at least the first portion and the second portion comprises receiving the radiation beam with a uniaxial crystal.21. The method of claim 17 , wherein splitting the radiation beam into at least the first portion and the second portion comprises receiving the radiation beam with a beam splitter.22. The method of claim 17 , wherein splitting the radiation beam into at least the first portion and the second portion comprises receiving the radiation beam with an ...

Polarization independent optical switch with high extinction ratio based on slab photonic crystals

The present invention discloses a PIOS with a high extinction ratio based on slab PhCs which comprises an upper slab PhC and a lower slab PhC connected as a whole; the upper slab PhC is a first square-lattice slab PhC, the unit cell of the first square-lattice slab PhC includes a high-refractive-index rotating square pillar, a single first flat dielectric pillar and a background dielectric; the first flat dielectric pillar includes a high-refractive-index dielectric pipe and a low-refractive-index dielectric, or a high-refractive-index flat films, or a low-refractive-index dielectric; the lower slab PhC is a second square-lattice slab PhC with a complete bandgap, the unit cell of said second square-lattice slab PhC includes a high-refractive-index rotating square pillar, a single second flat dielectric pillar and a background dielectric is a low-refractive-index dielectric; and an normalized frequency of the optical switch is 0.41 to 0.4167.

Polarization independent optical shutter using cholesteric liquid crystals and three-dimensional image acquisition apparatus employing the same

Example embodiments relate to an optical shutter including a first polarization filter having a nanopore-cholesteric liquid crystal layer, which includes a cholesteric liquid crystal matrix and a plurality of liquid crystal nanopores embedded in the cholesteric liquid crystal matrix, and having a reflective wavelength band that varies according to electrical control, and a second polarization filter that is parallel to the first polarization filter, includes a nanopore-cholesteric liquid crystal layer, which includes a cholesteric liquid crystal matrix and a plurality of liquid crystal nanopores embedded in the cholesteric liquid crystal matrix, and has a reflective wavelength band that varies according to electrical control.

Waveguide structure

A waveguide structure comprising: a core comprising a layer of electro-optic dielectric material, a first layer of semiconductor material provided below the electro-optic material and a second layer of the semiconductor material provided above the electro-optic material, and electrodes, configured for applying voltages. The electro-optic dielectric material has a Pockels tensor containing at least one non-vanishing element rij where i≠j, and the electrodes comprise a first set of electrodes provided substantially in direct contact with the electro-optic dielectric material, and a second set of electrodes comprising at least an electrode provided substantially in direct contact with the first layer and at least an electrode substantially in direct contact with the second layer, wherein the sets of electrodes are configurable to apply in the electro-optic material, at least a substantially horizontal electrical field and at least a substantially vertical electrical field that are orientated substantially perpendicular relative to each other.

Image stabilization and shifting in a liquid crystal lens

Variable liquid crystal devices for controlling the propagation of light through a liquid crystal layer use a frequency dependent material to dynamically reconfigure effective electrode structures in the device. The frequency of a drive signal that generates an electric field in the device can be varied, and the frequency dependent material has different charge mobilities for the different frequencies. At a low charge mobility, the frequency dependent material has little effect on the existing electrode structures. However, at a high charge mobility, the frequency dependent material appears as an extension of the fixed electrodes, and can be used to change the effective electrode structure and, thereby, the spatial profile of the electric field. This, in turn, changes the optical properties of the liquid crystal, thus allowing the optical device to be frequency controllable.

Method and apparatus for creation and electrical tuning of spatially non-uniform reflection of light

A variable optical device for controlling properties of reflected light is described. The device includes a light reflecting surface, a layer of dynamically controllable material and an excitation source for generating an excitation field acting on the layer of dynamically controllable material. An electrical drive signal applied to the excitation source causes a change of optical properties in the layer of dynamically controllable material to provide a spatially varying change in light reflection having at least one of a desired phase curvature and a desired amplitude modulation profile.

Systems and methods for laser systems with variable beam parameter product utilizing acousto-optic elements and variable refractive index components

In various embodiments, a beam-parameter adjustment system and focusing system alters a spatial power distribution of a radiation beams before the beam is coupled into an optical fiber or delivered to a workpiece.

Polarization Insensitive Micro Ring Modulator

A transmission-type polarization insensitive modulator implemented as a polarization insensitive micro ring modulator (PIMRM) includes a first polarization splitter-rotator (PSR) configured to generate a first light beam and a second light beam having a common polarization from an input, a micro ring configured to modulate the first light beam with data to generate a first output signal, and modulate the second light beam with data to generate a second output signal, and a second PSR configured to combine the first output signal and the second output signal to form a modulated output signal, wherein the micro ring is disposed in between the first PSR and the second PSR.

POLARIZATION INDEPENDENT ELECTRO-OPTICALLY INDUCED WAVEGUIDE

The invention provides an electro-optically induced waveguide including: 1. An electro-optically induced waveguide comprising:a waveguide layer stack comprising a core layer comprising an electro-optic material for guiding light waves; anda field generator for generating an electrical field in the core layer, wherein the field generator comprises an electrode arrangement comprising a plurality of electrodes and a voltage supply arrangement for supplying at least two potentials to the electrode arrangement;wherein the field generator is configured to induce an electro-optic effect by the generated electrical field in a first cross sectional region of the core layer such that a propagation of transverse-electric polarized light waves is enabled in the first cross sectional region;wherein the field generator is configured to induce an electro-optic effect by the generated electrical field in a second cross sectional region of the core layer such that a propagation of transverse-magnetic polarized light waves is enabled in the second cross sectional region;wherein the field generator is configured in such way that the coupling efficiency for of transverse-electric polarized light waves and the coupling efficiency for transverse-magnetic polarized light waves are equivalent; andwherein the first cross sectional region and the second cross sectional region are overlapping in a cross sectional view.2. The electro-optically induced waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein field generator is configured in such way that in a cross sectional view the electrical field in a first cross sectional area of the core layer is orientated transverse to the waveguide layer stack claim 1 , that the electrical field in a second cross sectional area of the core layer located in a first direction parallel to the waveguide layer stacks is orientated along the waveguide layer stack and that the electrical field in a third cross sectional area of the core layer located in a second direction ...

Polarization-Independent Switchable Lens System

Energized lens systems and methods of fabricating an energized lens system which can be switched from one polarization-independent focal length to another polarization-independent focal length. The energized lens system can include a 90 degree twisted nematic liquid crystal layer with curved boundaries, and with transparent conductive electrodes which allow the application of an electric field to switch the focal length of the twisted nematic liquid crystal layer. The focal length of the energized lens system can be independent of the polarization of light in both of its two states, and only one liquid crystal layer of the energized lens system needs to be switched in order for the focal length of the energized lens system to be switched. 1. An energized lens system comprising:a front optical system having at least a static refractive layer with a curved front surface and a curved back back surface, and a focal length that is different for two polarizations of light;a twisted nematic liquid crystal layer having at least a front curved surface, a back curved surface, and a nematic liquid crystal between the front curved surface and the back curved surface;the front curved surface having at least a transparent conductive electrode and an alignment layer for aligning a portion of the liquid crystal adjacent to the alignment layer;the back curved surface having at least a transparent conductive electrode and an alignment layer for aligning a portion of the liquid crystal adjacent to the alignment layer of the back curved surface, the alignment layer of the back curved surface oriented perpendicular to the alignment layer of the front curved surface; the front curved surface and the back curved surface having different radii of curvature;a thickness of a layer passing light therethrough meeting a Mauguin condition;a back optical system having at least a static refractive layer with a curved front surface and a curved back back surface, and a focal length that is ...

Transparent Thin Film, Process for Manufacturing a Film, and Spatial Phase Modulator

The invention concerns a transparent thin liquid crystal alignment film () including liquid crystals () within a polymerised liquid crystal composition, the film () comprising a first main surface (), a second main surface () and a bulk () comprised between said opposed two main surfaces (), for which: in the vicinity of the first main surface (), the liquid crystals () are aligned along a main first direction, in the vicinity of the second main surface (), the liquid crystals () are aligned along a main second direction, different from the first direction, and in between, the bulk () comprises liquid crystals () maintained in an isotropic orientation. The invention concerns also a process of manufacturing such a liquid crystal alignment film () and a polarization-independent spatial phase modulator including such a liquid crystal alignment film (). 120.-. (canceled)21. A transparent thin film comprising liquid crystals comprising:a first main surface in vicinity of which liquid crystals are aligned along a main first direction;a second main surface in vicinity of which liquid crystals are aligned along a main second direction different from the first direction; anda bulk between the two the main surfaces and comprising liquid crystals in an isotropic arrangement.22. The film of claim 21 , wherein the liquid crystals are nematic liquid crystals.23. The film of claim 21 , wherein the bulk comprises a matrix of polymerized monomers.24. The film of claim 23 , wherein the bulk comprises unpolymerized liquid crystals claim 23 , maintained in position by a matrix of polymerized monomers.25. The film of claim 23 , wherein at least some monomers of the matrix of polymerized monomers are liquid crystals.26. The film of claim 23 , wherein at least some monomers of the matrix of polymerized monomers are conventional monomers.27. The film of claim 23 , wherein the polymerized monomers of the matrix are photopolymerized monomers.28. The film of claim 21 , wherein the liquid ...

POLARISATION-INDEPENDENT, OPTICAL MULTIPLEXING AND DEMULTIPLEXING SYSTEMS BASED ON FERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTAL PHASE MODULATORS FOR SPATIAL MODE DIVISION MULTIPLEXING AND DEMULTIPLEXING

We describe a multimode reconfigurable optical spatial mode multiplexing system having first and second first and second input beams and a beam combiner to combine these into an optical output. At least one of the paths comprises a polarisation-independent reconfigurable phase modulator to impose a controllable phase profile on an input beam in an input beam phase modulating optical path, to controllably convert a spatial mode order of the input beam from a lower to a higher order spatial mode. The system also has a control input to control the phase modulator to configure the phase profile for the mode conversion. The input beams are combined into a multiple spatial mode combined beam output independent of a polarisation of the input beams. The number of spatial modes of the combined beam can be more than a number of spatial modes in either of the first and second input beams separately. 1. A multimode reconfigurable optical spatial mode multiplexing system , the system comprising:a first optical path from to carry a first input beam a first optical input;a second optical path to carry a second input beam from a second optical input;a beam combiner to combine beams from said first and second optical paths and provide a combined beam optical output;wherein at least one of said first and second optical paths is a phase modulating optical path and comprises a polarisation-independent reconfigurable phase modulator to impose a controllable phase profile on an input beam in the phase modulating optical path to controllably convert a spatial mode order of the input beam from a lower order spatial mode to a higher order spatial mode; andfurther comprising a control input to control said polarisation-independent reconfigurable phase modulator to configure said controllable phase profile to alter said conversion of said spatial mode order of said input beam;wherein said first and second input beams are combined into a multiple spatial mode combined beam optical output ...

Optical switching device using holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals

A thin holographic optical switch used in a liquid crystal display device contains opposing transparent substrates transparent electrodes between the substrates and a diffraction grating between the electrodes. The diffraction grating contains regions of transparent polymerized photopolymers and cholesteric liquid crystal micro-droplets. Refractive indexes of the photopolymers and liquid crystal are substantially the same when the electrodes have the same potential. The holographic optical switch transmits broadband LED light when the potential difference between the electrodes is zero and is polarization independent. The holographic optical switch diffracts broadband LED light when the potential difference between the electrodes is non-zero and is polarization independent.

Optical switching device using holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals

A thin holographic optical switch used in a liquid crystal display device contains opposing transparent substrates transparent electrodes between the substrates and a diffraction grating between the electrodes. The diffraction grating contains regions of transparent polymerized photopolymers and cholesteric liquid crystal micro-droplets. Refractive indexes of the photopolymers and liquid crystal are substantially the same when the electrodes have the same potential. The holographic optical switch transmits broadband LED light when the potential difference between the electrodes is zero and is polarization independent. The holographic optical switch diffracts broadband LED light when the potential difference between the electrodes is non-zero and is polarization independent.

Electro-optic polymer optical waveguide polarization-independent light modulator and its manufacturing method

본 발명은 전기광학 폴리머 광 도파로 편광 무의존 광 변조기 및 그 제작방법에 관한 것으로서, 전기광학 폴리머를 재료로 하여 횡전기(TE) 및 횡자기(TM) 모드를 동일하게 도파시키는 채널 광 도파로를 산소 반응 이온 식각공정으로 제작하고 전장 폴링 공정을 통하여 광 도파로의 광축을 기판 면에 대해 반시계방향으로 45°, 시계방향으로 45°형성시킬 수 있도록 길이가 동일한 두 종류의 전극을 직렬로 연결하여 입력광의 편광상태에 무관하게 동작하는 전기광학 폴리머 광 위상 변조기 및 이와 같은 광 위상 변조기를 마하젠더 간섭계의 양쪽 도파로 위에 둠으로 인해 입력광의 편광상태에 무관하게 동작하는 전기광학 폴리머 광 강도 변조기를 고안하므로써, 편광 의존성이 없는 고속 광 변조기에 대한 필요성이 점차 증가함에 따라 본 발명과 같은 편광 무의존 전기광학 광 위상 변조기나 광 강도 변조기의 수요가 크게 증가하고, 본 발명에서 공안한 전극 구조는 진행파형으로 설계가 가능하므로 고속 광 변조기를 제작하는데 유리한 효과가 있다 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electro-optic polymer optical waveguide and a polarization independent optical modulator, and a method of fabricating the same. It is manufactured by reactive ion etching process and inputs by connecting two kinds of electrodes of the same length in series so that the optical axis of the optical waveguide can be formed 45 ° counterclockwise and 45 ° clockwise with respect to the substrate surface through the electric field polling process. By devising an electro-optic polymer optical phase modulator that operates independently of the polarization state of light and such an optical phase modulator on both waveguides of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, by devising an electro-optic polymer light intensity modulator that operates independently of the polarization state of the input light, As the need for a high speed light modulator without polarization dependence increases, polarization such as the present invention The demand of the independent electro-optic optical phase modulator or the light intensity modulator is greatly increased, and the electrode structure proposed in the present invention can be designed with a traveling waveform, which is advantageous in manufacturing a high speed optical modulator.

Depolarizing film, manufacturing method thereof, optical film, and liquid crystal display device

표시 장치

본 발명에서는 투과 영역(TA)을 제외한 영역에 위상 불변 반사층을 형성하여 백라이트 유닛에서 투과 영역(TA)이외의 영역으로 입사되는 빛을 반사시켜 다시 투과 영역(TA)으로 입사되도록 하여 투과 모드에서 사용되는 빛의 양을 증가시켜 광효율을 높인다. 그 결과 표시 장치의 휘도도 향상된다. 반투과형, 콜레스테릭 액정, 반사 영역, 투과 영역

Light control device

本发明公开一种光操作装置，其具备：从外部输入光或向外部输出光的光输入输出口；使从光输入输出口入射的光朝向光输入输出口射出且具有偏振波依赖特性的空间光调制器；配置在光输入输出口与空间光调制器之间，并使光输入输出口与空间光调制器光学性地耦合的聚光元件；配置在聚光元件与空间光调制器之间，进行操作，以使输入的光的偏振波状态仅由单一的偏振波方向构成，然后将其输出的偏振波操作元件。由此，提供一种更小型的光操作装置。

Optical isolator

Optical isolator

An optical isolator not dependent on the plane of polarization of an incident beam and does not allow the plane of polarization to change on the outgoing side. The optical isolator comprises a first parallel flat double refractive crystal substance; a first Faraday rotor for rotating the plane of polarization of a beam; a second parallel flat double refractive crystal substance; a second Faraday rotor for rotating the plane of polarization in a direction opposite to that in which said first Faraday rotor rotates the plane of polarization; a third parallel flat double refractive substance; a fourth parallel flat double refractive substance; and permanent magnets for magnetizing the Faraday rotor and second Faraday rotors. Since a pair of Faraday rotors for rotating the plane of polarization in opposite directions, the plane of polarization on the incident side does not change on the outgoing side.

Display device

본 발명에서는 투과 영역(TA)을 제외한 영역에 위상 불변 반사층을 형성하여 백라이트 유닛에서 투과 영역(TA)이외의 영역으로 입사되는 빛을 반사시켜 다시 투과 영역(TA)으로 입사되도록 하여 투과 모드에서 사용되는 빛의 양을 증가시켜 광효율을 높인다. 그 결과 표시 장치의 휘도도 향상된다. 반투과형, 콜레스테릭 액정, 반사 영역, 투과 영역

Photoelectron coupler irrelevant to polarization

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Waveguide-type variable optical attenuator

Non-polarization dispersion type optical isolator

Optical isolator

Phase modulator containing a liquid crystal having a helical structure

Optical isolator

Optical isolator module

Optical wavelength filter device

Reflective film combinations with output confinement in both polar and azimuthal directions and related constructions

A reflective film includes microlayers arranged into optical repeat units to reflect light in an extended wavelength band, with thinner and thicker ones of the optical repeat units being disposed generally towards a thin side and thick side, respectively, of the film. The microlayers are tailored to provide the film with a reflectivity, for p-polarized light incident in a first plane, that decreases by at least half from an initial value at normal incidence to a value R 1 at an incidence angle θoblique. The film has a reflectivity for p-polarized light incident in a second plane of R 2 at the angle θoblique, where R 2 >R 1 . A polarizer is combined with the reflective film, the combination defining an oblique transmission lobe, and the thick and thin sides of the reflective film are oriented relative to the polarizer to reduce an azimuthal width Δφ of the transmission lobe.

Reflective film combinations with output confinement in both polar and azimuthal directions and related constructions

Polarization-independent switchable lens system

Energized lens systems and methods of fabricating an energized lens system which can be switched from one polarization-independent focal length to another polarization-independent focal length. The energized lens system can include a 90 degree twisted nematic liquid crystal layer with curved boundaries, and with transparent conductive electrodes which allow the application of an electric field to switch the focal length of the twisted nematic liquid crystal layer. The focal length of the energized lens system can be independent of the polarization of light in both of its two states, and only one liquid crystal layer of the energized lens system needs to be switched in order for the focal length of the energized lens system to be switched.

Directional coupler type optical switch

Liquid crystal beam control device and manufacturing method

液晶光束控制装置及其制造被阐述。采用光束展宽装置的有益效果，以用于控制照明和建筑用途，包括改善光束发散控制，改善光束展宽动态范围控制，光束发散预处理，提高投射光束强度的均匀性和减少投射光束的颜色分离。同时给出了具有平面内和垂直接地状态的两种液晶取向的光束控制装置。

Planar Lightwave Circuit Type Variable Optical Attenuator

본 발명은 편파의존성이 작은 도파로형 가변광감쇠기를 제공한다. 제 1 및 제 2 광커플러부에서의 도파로 복굴절율(절대값)을 3.5×기호 10 -4 이상으로 설정함으로써 편파모드결합을 -25dB 이하로 하고, 제 1 및 제 2 광커플러에서의 크로스포트의 편파모드결합에 기인하는 편파의존성의 영향을 억제한다. 이에 더하여 또는 단독으로, 암도파로 길이를 사용광파장을 도파로 복굴절로 나누어 구해지는 비트길이의 정수배로 설계하여도 좋다. 편파의존성, 가변광감쇠기

Waveguide-type variable optical attenuator

偏波依存性の小さな導波路型可変光減衰器を提供する。第１および第２の光カプラ部での導波路複屈折率（絶対値）を３．５×記号１０−４以上に設定することで、偏波モード結合を−２５ｄＢ以下にして、第１および第２の光カプラでのクロスポートにおける偏波モード結合に起因する偏波依存性の影響を抑制する。これに加え、又は単独に、アーム導波路長を、使用光波長を導波路複屈折で割って求められるビート長の整数倍に設計してもよい。 A waveguide-type variable optical attenuator having small polarization dependence is provided. By setting the waveguide birefringence (absolute value) in the first and second optical coupler sections to 3.5 × symbol 10-4 or more, the polarization mode coupling is set to −25 dB or less, The influence of the polarization dependence resulting from the polarization mode coupling at the cross port in the second optical coupler is suppressed. In addition, or independently, the arm waveguide length may be designed to be an integral multiple of the beat length obtained by dividing the used light wavelength by the waveguide birefringence.

Optical directional clutch switch.

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE INCLUDING A DIRECTIONAL COUPLER FOR TE, TM COMPONENTS

Optical switch

ABSTRACT A reverse .DELTA..beta. optical switch employs spatial tapering of the distance between a pair of optical waveguides for efficient straight-through transmission. Appropriate choice of effective coupling strengths for the TE and SM polarization modes achieves efficient crossover transmission. A split electrode configuration permits the application of uniform electric fields or reversed electric fields across the waveguides.

Multiple cell liquid crystal optical device with coupled electric field control

A liquid crystal optical device is provided. The optical device includes a liquid crystal cell controlling optical properties of light passing therethrough and has: a liquid crystal layer, a planar electrode located to one side of said liquid crystal layer; an electric field control structure located to the opposite side of the liquid crystal layer; and a wavefront adjustment structure configured to provide optical phase front adjustment. In some embodiments the wavefront adjustment structure is a conductive floating electrode. In other embodiments the wavefront adjustment structure is a weakly conductive structure having spatially variable sheet resistance. In other embodiments the wavefront adjustment structure a weakly conductive structure having spatially variable sheet resistance having a frequency dependent characteristic.

OPTICAL SWITCH AND MODULATOR

L'invention concerne un commutateur et modulateur optique. Il comporte deux guides d'ondes en matière électro-optique avec un intervalle de couplage, sur une surface d'un substrat. Ces guides d'ondes peuvent supporter des modes de propagation d'ondes optiques dans deux directions de polarisation perpendiculaires entre elles. Un dispositif produisant un champ électrique est positionné de manière que des composantes perpendiculaires se situent dans des parties voisines de l'intervalle de couplage. L'invention s'applique notamment à la commutation des guides d'ondes optiques pour les télécommunications. An optical switch and modulator is disclosed. It comprises two waveguides made of electro-optical material with a coupling gap, on a surface of a substrate. These waveguides can support optical wave propagation modes in two directions of polarization perpendicular to each other. A device producing an electric field is positioned so that perpendicular components lie in neighboring portions of the coupling gap. The invention applies in particular to the switching of optical waveguides for telecommunications.

OPTICAL ISOLATOR USED IN OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS AND PHOTOMETRY.

a) Isolateur optique utilisé dans les communications optiques et la photométrie. b) Isolateur caractérisé par un premier polariseur (3) pour séparer un rayon de lumière incidente en deux rayons de lumière qui sont perpendiculaires l'un à l'autre dans la direction de polarisation et qui ne sont pas parallèles l'un à l'autre dans la direction de propagation, par un dispositif de Faraday rotatoire à 45degré (4), un second polariseur (5) qui est identique au premier polariseur (3) en ce qui concerne l'angle de séparation des rayons lumineux mais qui est différent de 45degré du premier polariseur (3) en ce qui concerne l'angle que les deux rayons lumineux font avec la polarisation des rayons. a) Optical isolator used in optical communications and photometry. b) Insulator characterized by a first polarizer (3) for separating a ray of incident light into two rays of light which are perpendicular to each other in the direction of polarization and which are not parallel to each other. another in the direction of propagation, by a 45 degree rotary Faraday device (4), a second polarizer (5) which is the same as the first polarizer (3) with respect to the angle of separation of the light rays but which is different 45 degree of the first polarizer (3) with respect to the angle that the two light rays make with the polarization of the rays.

PROGRAMMABLE ACOUSTO-OPTICAL DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE AMPLITUDE OF SPECTRUM IN WAVELENGTHS OF WAVELENGTH MULTIPLEX OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE INCLUDING DIRECTIONAL COUPLER FOR TE, TM COMPONENTS

Dispositif semiconducteur intégré incluant un coupleur directionnel optoélectronique, ce coupleur comprenant deux guides de lumière rectilignes monomodes parallèles sur une longueur totale D séparés par une petite distance d, ce coupleur comprenant aussi quatre électrodes de même type de conductivité disposées à raison de deux sur chaque guide et au moins une autre électrode de type de conductivité opposé, caractérisé en ce que le coupleur présente un fonctionnement indépendant des composantes lumineuses transverses électriques et transverses magnétiques, respectivement TE et TM, contenues dans des proportions aléatoires dans le signal d'entrée, dans les conditions où les paramètres structurels du coupleur permettent de vérifier les trois relations : (CF DESSIN DANS BOPI) (CF DESSIN DANS BOPI) (CF DESSIN DANS BOPI) relations dans lesquelles : phiT M et phiT E sont les déphasages provoqués par les changements d'indices sous l'action d'un champ électrique, LC T E et LC T M sont les longueurs de couplage pour TE et pour TM, m, n, p sont des entiers quelconques epsilon = +- 1et la dimension des électrodes sur les guides Z = D/2. Application : télécommunications. Integrated semiconductor device including an optoelectronic directional coupler, this coupler comprising two parallel single-mode rectilinear light guides over a total length D separated by a small distance d, this coupler also comprising four electrodes of the same conductivity type arranged at a rate of two on each guide and at least one other electrode of opposite conductivity type, characterized in that the coupler has an independent operation of the transverse electrical and transverse magnetic light components, respectively TE and TM, contained in random proportions in the input signal, in the conditions where the structural parameters of the coupler make it possible to verify the three relations: (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) relations in which: phiT M and ...

ELECTRO-OPTICAL PHASE MODULATOR FOR SINGLE-MODE FIBER OPTICS

Le modulateur est formé par une cellule (CL) de cristal liquide smectique chiral ferroélectrique C* traversée par le signal lumineux que transmet ladite fibre. La cellule (CL) est pourvue de parois transparentes et d'électrodes de commande transparentes (5 à 7). Le cristal liquide (CL), utilisé en lame demi-onde, est du type SSFLC - surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal - ayant un large angle de tilt 0 qui soit le plus proche possible de 45 deg., de manière à ce que ledit modulateur soit insensible à la polarisation. Le modulateur peut être couplé à deux fibres (A2, A3; B2, B3) parallèles appartenant à la partie intermédiaire d'un coupleur Mach-Zehnder entre les deux coupleurs à 3 dB et quand il est prévu pour moduler le signal lumineux transmis par l'une quelconque des deux fibres. The modulator is formed by a cell (CL) of ferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystal C * crossed by the light signal transmitted by said fiber. The cell (CL) is provided with transparent walls and transparent control electrodes (5 to 7). The liquid crystal (CL), used in half-wave plate, is of the SSFLC type - surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal - having a wide tilt angle 0 which is as close as possible to 45 deg., So that said modulator is insensitive to polarization. The modulator can be coupled to two parallel fibers (A2, A3; B2, B3) belonging to the intermediate part of a Mach-Zehnder coupler between the two couplers at 3 dB and when it is intended to modulate the light signal transmitted by the any of the two fibers.

OPTICAL ISOLATOR USED IN OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS AND PHOTOMETRY.

Polarization-independent optical switch / modulator and method of manufacturing the same

Patent FR2432723B1

Method of and device for optical wavelength conversion

Method of and device for optical wavelength conversion of an optical input signal (2) of a first wavelength into an optical output signal (24) of a second wavelength, wherein an optical probe signal (7,8) of the second wavelength having a first polarisation is coupled into at least a first and a second interferometer (16,17). The input signal is split (3) into first and second signal components having the first and second polarisation. The first polarisation of the first input signal component is converted (4) into the second polarisation. The first input signal component is coupled into the first interferometer (16) providing a first converted signal (12) and the second input signal component is coupled into the second interferometer (17) providing a second converted signal. The first and second converted signals are filtered to provide first and second converted signal components of the first polarisation. The first polarisation of the second converted signal component is converted (21) into the second polarisation, and the first and second converted signal components are combined (22) providing the output signal.

Polarization independent all optical switch

An optical device (1000) comprising: a) a first input (210) for an input optical signal (100) having a random state of polarization; b) a first polarization beam splitter for dividing, in space, said input optical signal (100) into a pair of optical signals which are parallel and have a predetermined state of polarization perpendicular to one another; c) an electrooptical crystal element (200) for propagation, in free space, of at least said pair of optical signals coming from said first polarization beam splitter (2001), said crystal element (200) without internal separation planes, being associated with electrodes so as to apply a voltage perpendicular to the direction of propagation, along said crystal element (200), of said pair of optical signals; d) an optical control element for supplying an optical control beam (330), to said first crystal element (200), said at least one optical control beam (330) being superimposed on said pair of optical signals and being capable of causing to rotate the state of polarization of said at least one pair of optical signals in said crystal element (200); e) a second polarization beam splitter (2002) for combining said pair of optical signals coming from an output.

PHASE MODULATOR BASED ON LIQUID CRYSTAL WITH HELICOIDAL STRUCTURE

Ultra-short pulse light source

Display device

本发明涉及一种显示器件。形成在不是透射区域的区域处的相位不变层迫使从背光单元进入透射反射型LCD的反射区域的光通过反射移到透射区域中，从而增大了透射模式中使用的光量。这样，提高了LCD的光利用效率和显示亮度。

Optical element and optical switch

본 발명은, 매우 간이한 구성에 의해, 광 손실 등의 특성 열화를 발생시키지 않고, 용이하고 확실하게 전기 광학 효과 방식에 의한 고속 구동을 실현하며, 또한 소형화도 가능하게 하는 광학 소자 및 광 스위치를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해, 광 도파로(3)의 코어층(12)이, 능면체 구조를 나타내는 전기 광학 재료로 이루어지며, 주면의 결정 방위가 (100)인 기판 상에 성장 형성한 막으로서 성장 형성되어 있다. The present invention provides an optical element and an optical switch that can be easily and reliably realized by a high-speed drive by an electro-optical effect method and can be miniaturized without generating any deterioration of characteristics such as light loss by a very simple configuration. It aims to provide. For this purpose, the core layer 12 of the optical waveguide 3 is made of an electro-optical material exhibiting a rhombohedral structure, and is formed as a film grown and formed on a substrate having a crystal orientation of the main surface of (100). 기판, 응력 완화층, 광 도파로, 편향 전극, 코어층 Substrate, Strain Relief, Optical Waveguide, Deflection Electrode, Core Layer

Liquid crystal optical switch configured to reduce polarization dependent loss

An optical device has the structure to perform switching and attenuation of an optical beam with reduced polarization dependent loss (PDL). The optical device includes a birefringent displacer and two liquid crystal (LC) structures. The first LC structure is used to condition s-polarized components of the optical beam and the second LC structure is used to condition p-polarized components of the optical beam. Each LC structure has a separate control electrode so that the s-polarized components of the optical beam and the p-polarized components of the optical beam can be conditioned differently and in such a manner that reduces PDL. The optical device may be configured for processing multiple input light beams, such as the multiple wavelength channels de-multiplexed from a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical signal.

NON-REFLECTIVE OPTICAL DEVICE

Ce dispositif est utilisé pour accoupler optiquement deux fibres optiques opposées 1 et 2. Un premier élément de cristal biréfringent 4 décompose la lumière en rayons séparés ordinaire et extraordinaire. Ces derniers subissent une rotation de leur polarisation de 90 degrés lorsqu'ils traversent vers l'avant un élément magnéto-optique 6 et une lame de compensation 7. Ils sont recomposés par un deuxième élément de cristal biréfringent 5 et sont appliqués ensuite à la fibre optique 2. Par un choix approprié des épaisseurs des éléments 4 et 5, on empêche les rayons ordinaire et extraordinaire transmis dans le sens inverse de se superposer à l'extrémité d'incidence de la première fibre optique, constituant ainsi un isolateur optique. Applications : notamment à l'utilisation des communications par fibres optiques. This device is used to optically couple two opposing optical fibers 1 and 2. A first birefringent crystal element 4 breaks up light into separate ordinary and extraordinary rays. The latter undergo a rotation of their polarization of 90 degrees when they cross forwards a magneto-optical element 6 and a compensation plate 7. They are recomposed by a second birefringent crystal element 5 and are then applied to the fiber. optical 2. By an appropriate choice of the thicknesses of the elements 4 and 5, the ordinary and extraordinary rays transmitted in the opposite direction are prevented from being superimposed on the end of incidence of the first optical fiber, thus constituting an optical isolator. Applications: in particular to the use of communications by optical fibers.

Optical circulator

OPTICAL CIRCULATOR ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An optical circulator comprising a first optical path and a second optical path formed between a first polarizer element and a second polarizer element, Faraday rotators interposed in the first and second optical paths, the polarizing direction of the Faraday rotators being rotated by an angle of 45° by a magnetic field and the direction of polarizing rotation being reversed with respect to the travelling direction of light which passes therethrough, and polarizing direction rotators interposed in the first and second optical paths, the polarizing direction of the polarizing direction rotators being rotated by an angle of 45° and the direction of polarizing rotation being non-reversed with respect to the travelling direction of light which passes therethrough.

Lcd light-reducing apparatus, and vehicle smart mirror using same

The present invention relates to an LCD light-reducing apparatus, and to a vehicle smart mirror using the same, which are to be applied to the interior rear-view mirror or exterior side-view mirrors of a vehicle to protect the vision of the driver of the vehicle from bright lights or glares coming from behind him during nighttime drive. The LCD light-reducing apparatus according to the present invention comprises an LCD panel including at least one liquid crystal cell, and a power supply device for supplying a sufficient electric field to the LCD panel. The LCD cell includes a liquid crystal layer; and two substrate layers opposite one another with the liquid crystal layer at center thereof. The liquid crystal layer is filled with a compound including negative dielectric anisotropic nematic liquid crystals, a chiral material for inducing a cholesteric phase of the nematic liquid crystals to have a pitch of 1 to 4 times the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer, and dichromic dyes for being rearranged parallel to the nematic liquid crystals to transmit or absorb light in accordance with whether the electric field is applied or not. The substrate layer includes a tilted homeotropic alignment layer for arranging the respective nematic liquid crystals and dichromatic dyes in a first arrangement that is vertically aligned to the surface of the substrate layer, and an electrode for generating a sufficient electric field that passes through the liquid crystal layer to rearrange the nematic liquid crystals and dichromatic dyes in a second arrangement that is different from the first arrangement.

An acousto-optical waveguide device, and a method for acousto-optical switching of an optical signal

Optical switch

POLARIZATION-INDEPENDENT OPTOELECTRONIC DIRECTIONAL COUPLER

Polarization-insensitive integrated wavelength converter

A polarization-insensitive integrated wavelength converter system includes polarization-separating, polarization-rotating and wavelength-converter structures integrated into a monolithic optical structure. In one embodiment, a lithium niobate waveguide structure includes an integrated polarization separator which comprises two coupled Zinc-diffused and annealed-proton-exchanged waveguides, an electro-optic quarter-wave retarder, a mirror structure and a quasi-phasematching structure. In another embodiment, an electro-optic half-wave retarder and bent waveguide are used in place of the electro-optic quarter-wave retarder and mirror structure. In a further embodiment, an optical circulator is used in conjunction with the waveguide structure in order to discriminate between input and output optical signals.

Optical sheet, electric-field-controlled panel, lighting apparatus, liquid crystal display, and method of manufacturing an optical sheet

An optical sheet has an isotropic medium layer and an anisotropic medium layer. The isotropic medium layer is made of an optically isotropic medium and has a first surface and ridge-shaped projections. The projections are formed on the first surface, arranged in a first direction and extend in a second direction intersecting at right angles to the first direction. Each projection has a cross section shaped like a segment of a circle. The anisotropic medium layer is made of an optically uniaxial medium and has a second surface and groove-shaped recesses. The recesses are made in the second surface, arranged in the first direction and extend in the second direction. Each recesses has a cross section shaped like a segment of a circle. The isotropic and the anisotropic medium layers are laid one on the other, with the respective projections firmly fitted in the respective recesses.

Spinel sintered body, production method thereof, transparent substrate, and liquid crystal projector

A spinel sintered body has a composition of MgO·nAl 2 O 3 (1.05≦n≦1.30) containing 20 ppm or less of Si element. A production method thereof includes the steps of: forming a compacted body from a spinel powder containing 50 ppm or less of Si element and having a purity of not less than 99.5 mass %; a first sintering step of forming a sintered body having a density of not less than 95% by sintering the compacted body at 1500° C. to 1700° C. in a vacuum; and a second sintering step of subjecting the sintered body to pressurized sintering at 1600° C. to 1800° C.

Liquid crystal beam control device and manufacture

Liquid crystal light beam control devices and their manufacture are described. Beneficial aspects of beam broadening devices employed for controlled illumination and architectural purposes are presented including improving beam divergence control, improving beam broadening dynamic range control, beam divergence preconditioning, improving projected beam intensity uniformity and reducing color separation in the projected beam. Both beam control devices having in-plane and homeotropic ground state liquid crystal alignment are presented.

Optical coupling nonreciprocal device

Abstract of the Disclosure The optical nonreciprocal device is used to optically couple together two opposed optical fibers. The light from one optical fiber is separated into ordinary ray and extra-ordinary ray by a first birefringent crystal member. The separated ordinary and extraordinary rays are subject to a total of 90° polarization rotation by transmitting in a forward direction through a magneto-optical member having an angle of polarization rotation of 45° and through a compensating plate. The separated ordinary and extraordinary rays are synthesized by transmitting through a second bire-fringent crystal member and then applied to the other optical fiber. A lens is interposed between one optical fiber and the first birefringent crystal member for causing the light to propagate through the light path while being converged or diverged. By suitably selecting the thick-nesses of the first and second birefringent crystal members, the ordinary and extraordinary rays propagating from the second optical fiber to the first optical fiber in the reverse direction are prevented from being overlapped at the incident end of the first optical fiber thus providing an optical isolator.

Sagnac interferometer amplitude modulator based demultiplexer

This invention is a demultuplexer consisting on a sequential division of the data stream in a series of Sagnac interferometer amplitude modulators (SIAMs), wherein each modulator in the series is driven by a single microwave frequency derived directly from a radio frequency (RF) data rate clock, with the RF phase properly adjusted to extract a channel of interest.

Optical isolator, optical circuit and amplifier using optical fibre doped with a rare earth

The invention relates to an optical isolator, an optical circuit and an amplifier using optical fibres doped with a rare earth. The isolator and the amplifier include monomode fibres (1, 7) located respectively on the input side and the output side; the mode field diameters for these fibres are different and the mode field diameter of each monomode fibre is equal to the mode field diameter of an optical fibre intended to be connected to this fibre; a lens (2) is located on the input side and a lens (6) is located on the output side, these lenses gripping between them polarisation prisms (3, 5) and a Faraday rotator (4).

Tunable optical filter irrelevant to polarization state of incident light

本发明涉及一种与入射光的偏振态无关的可调谐光滤波器，其技术特点是：包括一个可调谐法布里-珀罗滤波器、一个可调谐声光滤波器、一个偏振光合成装置以及系统控制电路；入射光首先通过可调谐法布里-珀罗滤波器，其输出光束通过可调谐声光滤波器，其输出的两束偏振态相互垂直并具有一定分离夹角的线偏振光束，两束线偏振光束由偏振光合成装置合成为单一光束后输出；所述的系统控制电路分别与可调谐法布里-珀罗滤波器、可调谐声光滤波器相连接实现对激光器的可调谐输出控制功能。本发明设计合理，具有性能稳定可靠、尺寸小、易于安装及生产等特点，可广泛用在激光器、光学测试、光纤通讯、生物、医疗器械和光纤传感器网络等领域中。