СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ НАНОЧАСТИЦ ИЛИ НИТЕВИДНЫХ НАНОКРИСТАЛЛОВ, СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ НЕОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ФУЛЛЕРЕНОПОДОБНЫХ СТРУКТУР ХАЛЬКОГЕНИДА МЕТАЛЛА, НЕОРГАНИЧЕСКИЕ ФУЛЛЕРЕНОПОДОБНЫЕ СТРУКТУРЫ ХАЛЬКОГЕНИДА МЕТАЛЛА, СТАБИЛЬНАЯ СУСПЕНЗИЯ IF-СТРУКТУР ХАЛЬКОГЕНИДА МЕТАЛЛА, СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ТОНКИХ ПЛЕНОК ИЗ IF-СТРУКТУР ХАЛЬКОГЕНИДА МЕТАЛЛА И ТОНКАЯ ПЛЕНКА, ПОЛУЧЕННАЯ ТАКИМ СПОСОБОМ, И НАСАДКА ДЛЯ РАСТРОВОГО МИКРОСКОПА

Изобретение может быть использовано для получения светочувствительных элементов в солнечных батареях, при производстве инертных насадок для микроскопов SPM, аккумуляторных батарей и т.д. Сущность изобретения: предлагается способ приготовления наночастиц металлических оксидов, содержащих введенные частицы металла, относящийся также к получаемым из данных оксидов неорганическим фуллереноподобным (IF) структурам халькогенидов металла с интеркалированным и/или заключенным внутри металлом, который включает нагрев материала из металла I с водяным паром или выпаривание электронным лучом упомянутого материала из металла I с водой или другим подходящим растворителем, в присутствии соли металла II; сбор оксида металла I с присадкой металла II или продолжение процесса путем последующего сульфидирования, дающего достаточные количества IF-структур халькогенида металла I с интеркалированным и/или заключенным внутри металлом II. Соль металла II представляет собой предпочтительно соль щелочного, щелочноземельного ...

ФОТОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ

Изобретение относится к области электротехники, а именно к фотоэлектрическим элементам, в которых в качестве материала фотоэлектродов и материала фотоэлемента используют диоксид кремния, и может быть использовано при изготовлении солнечных элементов, в которых диоксид кремния используется в одном из двух фотоэлектрических слоях. В предложенном фотоэлектрическом элементе тандемного типа, который содержит диоксид титана и диоксид кремния, частицы диоксида кремния, которые образуют первый фотоэлектрический слой (24), состоящий из диоксида кремния, тонко рассеяны на слое (23) зарядового обмена, который состоит из Pt и имеет шероховатость поверхности, и на первой проводящей пленке (22), которая состоит из легированного фтором оксида олова и также имеет шероховатость поверхности. Благодаря такой конфигурации может быть получен фотоэлектрический элемент с высокой эффективностью выработки электроэнергии. Повышение эффективности выработки электроэнергии фотоэлектрическим элементом за счет уменьшения ...

МОДУЛЬ СЕНСИБИЛИЗИРОВАННЫХ КРАСИТЕЛЕМ СОЛНЕЧНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ, ИМЕЮЩИЙ ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНУЮ КОНСТРУКЦИЮ, И СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ СОЛНЕЧНОГО ЭЛЕМЕНТА

... 1. Модуль сенсибилизированных красителем солнечных элементов (1), имеющий последовательную конструкцию включающую, по меньшей мере, два сенсибилизированных красителем солнечных элемента (2a-c), расположенных рядом друг с другом и соединенных последовательно, причем каждый солнечный элемент включает:- рабочий электрод (3),- первый электропроводный слой (4) для вывода произведенных фотоэлектронов из рабочего электрода,- противоэлектрод, включающий второй электропроводный слой (5),- электролит для переноса электронов из противоэлектрода в рабочий электрод и- последовательный соединительный элемент (6) для электрического соединения противоэлектрода и рабочего электрода соседнего солнечного элемента,отличающийся тем, что модуль солнечных элементов включает пористую изоляционную подложку (7), первый электропроводный слой представляет собой пористый электропроводный слой, сформированный на одной стороне пористой изоляционной подложки, а второй электропроводный слой представляет собой пористый ...

СЕНСИБИЛИЗИРОВАННЫЙ КРАСИТЕЛЕМ СОЛНЕЧНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИЙ ПОРИСТУЮ ИЗОЛЯЦИОННУЮ ПОДЛОЖКУ, И СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ПОРИСТОЙ ИЗОЛЯЦИОННОЙ ПОДЛОЖКИ

Изобретение относится к области электротехники и может быть использовано при изготовлении сенсибилизированного красителем солнечного элемента с пористой изоляционной подложкой, выполненной из керамических и органических волокон. Предложенная пористая изоляционная подложка изготовлена из микроволокон и содержит слой (5) тканых микроволокон и слой (6) нетканых микроволокон, нанесенный на первую сторону слоя тканых микроволокон, причем по меньшей мере часть нетканых микроволокон нанесена в отверстиях между ткаными микроволокнами и толщина слоя (6) нетканых микроволокон изменяется в зависимости от расположения отверстий (14) в слое (5) тканых микроволокон таким образом, что слой (6) нетканых микроволокон толще в указанных отверстиях и тоньше на поверхности микроволокон слоя тканых микроволокон. Повышение механической прочности подложки при уменьшении ее толщины является техническим результатом изобретения.10 з.п. ф-лы, 5 ил., 3 пр.

Mittels Photoenergie aufladbare Luftbatterie

Self-charging, current-generating and current-storing energy cell which can be activated by electromagnetic radiation or photons on the one hand and by an oxidising agent, in particular oxygen, on the other hand

The invention relates to a self-charging, current-generating and current-storing energy cell which can be activated by electromagnetic radiation or photons on the one hand and by an oxidising agent, in particular oxygen, on the other hand, having at least two electrodes which, in their chemical composition, are qualitatively identical and consist of a metal and/or a metal oxide and/or of carbon and/or of graphite and which are connected with their inner sides to one another via an ion-conductive, charge-separating medium or layer, and the outer side of at least one electrode serving to absorb the oxidising agent, in particular to absorb oxygen, and the outer side of at least one other electrode serving to absorb electromagnetic radiation or photons. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the electrodes contain silver and/or Ag2O and/or AgO. ...

Schichtaufbau einer Farbstoff-Solarzelle und Farbstoff-Solarzelle

Schichtaufbau einer Farbstoff-Solarzelle, umfassend – eine Basisschicht (1), die aus Beton besteht und eine Arbeitselektrode (2) umfasst, – eine dazu benachbart angeordnete Halbleiterschicht (3), – eine dazu benachbart angeordnete, photooxidierbare Farbstoffschicht (4), – eine dazu benachbart angeordnete Elektrolytschicht (5), – eine dazu benachbart angeordnete, elektrisch leitende Schicht, die als Gegenelektrode (6) ausgebildet ist, und – eine dazu benachbart angeordnete Abdeckschicht (7).

DUENNE BESCHICHTUNG AUF BASIS EINES RUTHENIUMSALZES.

FLUESSIGKEIT/HALBLEITER-PHOTOZELLE

Dye sensitized solar cells

A solid polymer membrane of a DSSC is cured between the device electrodes and an ionic moiety is added before or after in situ polymerisation of the membrane. Potassium iodide may be added to a monomer mixture used for forming the membrane prior to polymerisation. The potassium iodide oxidation process is much slower than the polymerisation process and the polymerisation reaction is therefore not inhibited by the presence of iodine ions. Alternatively, iodine electrolyte material may be infused into a membrane after it has been cured.

Stable electrolyte formulations

Electrolyte composition and dye-sensitized solar cell having the same

Improvements in or relating to photo-electric cells

... 319,216. Arcturus Radio Tube Co., (Assignees of Ruben, S.). Sept. 17, 1928, [Convention date]. Light-sensitive cells. -A photo-electric cell comprises an anode 4 of copper coated with a layer 4 of a copper compound, such as cuprous oxide, and a cathode 5 containing zinc, for example, zinc amalgam. The electrodes are immersed in a translucent electrolyte 3, such as ammonium or zinc chloride, to which a protective emulsoid, such as glycerine, gum arabic, or tragacanth has been added. The cell is contained in a translucent envelope 1 with a rubber cap 2 having a 'hole 2a for the discharge of undesirable gas. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a) comprises also cathodes of magnesium, aluminium, cadmium, or mercury, and anode coatings of selenium or molybdenum sulphide. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 317,837.

Card and system for transmitting electric energy

PHOTOELCTRODES FOR PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS

Optoelectronic device with reflective face

The photovoltaic device comprises a textured front light receiving surface having a number of grooves for improving the anti-reflective properties of the device. The photovoltaic device electrodes 16a & 16b are reflective to increase light absorption in the device. Electrical energy may be stored in an integrated capacitor structure comprising dielectric 18 and electrode 19a.

Combined display and power source

Improvements in or relating to bipolar membranes

A monolithic bipolar membrane having elastic properties is immersed in a polar solvent or an electrolyte, such as water. An electric field is used to control the transfer rate of neutral or ionized molecules in solution in the electrolyte through the membrane in response to an applied external electromotive force. By adjusting the external electromotive force the membrane can be controlled to selectively pass one type of molecule while rejecting other molecules in solution. A separation between molecules of two or more materials in solution in the electrolyte can thus be achieved.

Card and system for transmitting electric energy

Photovoltaic cell.

Card and system for transmitting electric energy

Photovoltaic cell.

Photovoltaic cell.

Visibly transparent, near-infrared-absorbing and ultraviolet-absorbing photovoltaic devices

Visibly transparent photovoltaic devices are disclosed, such as those are transparent to visible light but absorb near-infrared light and/or ultraviolet light. The photovoltaic devices make use of transparent electrodes and near-infrared or ultraviolet absorbing visibly transparent photoactive compounds, optical materials, and/or buffer materials.

A sealed monolithic photo-electrochemical system and a method for manufacturing a sealed monolithic photo-electrochemical system

Cascade Solar Cell with Amorphous Silicon-based Solar Cell

Visibly transparent, near-infrared-absorbing and ultraviolet-absorbing photovoltaic devices

Visibly transparent photovoltaic devices are disclosed, such as those are transparent to visible light but absorb near-infrared light and/or ultraviolet light. The photovoltaic devices make use of transparent electrodes and near-infrared or ultraviolet absorbing visibly transparent photoactive compounds, optical materials, and/or buffer materials.

PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL SOLAR ENERGY CONVERTOR

PHOTOCHEMICAL DIODES

SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION

SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION Solar energy conversion is provided by a structure formed of a plurality of photovoltaic sources. An electrolyte wets the sources. Upon exposure to light the photovoltaic sources cause a current to flow in the electrolyte producing an electrochemical reaction. The products of this reaction may then be collected and stored. In a preferred embodiment the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide, and the hydrogen produced by the electrochemical reaction may be stored, burned as a fuel or used in a fuel cell to produce electrical energy.

LIQUID SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOCELL USING SINTERED ELECTRODE

LIQUID SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOCELL USING SINTERED ELECTRODE Liquid-semiconductor photocells have received attention recently for use in solar power devices. Alternatives to single crystal semiconductors have been sought to reduce the cost of the photocells. According to this invention, the semiconductor is made from a pressure sintered and vapor annealed semiconductor. The electrode is relatively inexpensive to make and the efficiency of the solar cell compares favorably to the efficiency of solar cells using single crystal electrodes.

LIQUID-SEMICONDUCTOR JUNCTION PHOTOCELL

LIQUID JUNCTION PHOTOELECTRODES USING AMORPHOUS SILICON-BASED THIN FILM SEMICONDUCTOR

PHOTOELECTROLYSIS OF WATER BY SOLAR RADIATION

METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF METAL INTERCALATED FULLERENE-LIKE METAL CHALCOGENIDES

A method for the preparation of nanoparticles of metal oxides containing inserted metal particles and to metal-intercalated and/or metal-encaged "inorganic fullerene-like" (hereinafter IF) structures of metal chalcogenides obtained therefrom is provided, which comprises heating a metal I material with water vapor or electron beam evaporation of said metal I material with water or another suitable solvent, in the presence of a metal II salt, and recovering the metal II-doped metal I oxide, or proceeding to subsequent sulfidization, yielding bulk quantities of metal II-intercalated or metal IIencaged IF structures of the metal I chalcogenide. The metal II salt is preferably an alkaline, alkaline earth or transition metal salt, most preferably an alkali chloride. The intercalated and/or encaged IF structures are useful as lubricants. They also form stable suspensions, e.g. in alcohol, and electrophoretic deposition from said suspensions yields thin films of the intercalated IF materials, which ...

Sperrschichtzelle.

DIODE FUER THE TRANSFORMATION OF PHOTON ENERGY INTO ELECTRO-CHEMICAL ENERGY AND USES OF SUCH IN DEVICES FOR ENERGY CONVERSION.

PRODUCT TO BE USED AS A PHOTOCATALYST, PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE PRODUCT AND ITS USAGE.

Process for producing films of stannic oxide on a heated substrate

... a) Process for producing transparent films of stannic oxide on a heated substrate. b) The process makes it possible to produce electrically conductive films based on tin oxide by employing gaseous chemical compounds which react to form a tin-fluorine bond at a temperature which (1) is sufficiently high for the molecule containing the newly formed tin-fluorine bond to remain in the vapour phase, and (2) sufficiently low for the oxidation of this molecule to take place only after the indicated molecular rearrangement. Means for making use of this process are also described. The films thus prepared have a surface resistance which can go down to 1 ohm per square centimetre when the film thickness is approximately one micron. The films thus obtained reflect infrared radiations remarkably well. The process is employed in particular for the production of transparent conductive coatings for solar cells, photoconductive cells, electrooptical devices with liquid crystals, photoelectrochemical cells ...

Component from bottle glass components.

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Bauelement für den Aufbau eines Raumabschlusses aus Hohlglasbausteinen mit Mörtel oder Beton und einer geeigneten Armierung. Das erfindungsgemässe Bauelement (1) besteht aus zwei vorzugsweise gleichförmig ausgebildeten Hohlglasbausteinen (2, 3) mit einer dazwischenliegenden Abstandhalterung (4), die den Zwischenraum zwischen den Glasbausteinen abdichtet und sich vorzugsweise aus mehreren als Hohlkörper ausgebildeten Abstandhaltern zusammensetzt, die voneinander durch dazwischenliegende Folien (6a, 6b) mit Beschichtungen (7a, 7b) getrennt sind. Das erfindungsgemässe Bauelement (1) zeichnet sich aus durch eine verhältnismässig grosse Bautiefe, die trotz der geringen Flächengrösse der Glasbausteine sehr gute Isolationswerte gewährleistet. Sie bewirkt auch eine Steigerung seines Flächenträgheitsmoments auf Biegung, welches hohe Anteile von lsoliermörtel/-beton zulässt und grösser dimensionierte Bauelemente ermöglicht.

Component with hollow glass blocks.

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Bauelement mit Hohlglasbausteinen. Das erfindungsgemässe Bauelement (1) besteht aus zwei vorzugsweise gleichförmig ausgebildeten Hohlglasbausteinen (2, 3) mit einer dazwischenliegenden Abstandhalterung (4), die den Zwischenraum zwischen den Glasbausteinen abdichtet und sich vorzugsweise aus mehreren als Hohlkörper ausgebildeten Abstandhaltern zusammensetzt, die voneinander durch dazwischenliegende Folien (6a, 6b) mit Beschichtungen (7a, 7b) getrennt sind. Das erfindungsgemässe Bauelement (1) zeichnet sich aus durch eine verhältnismässig grosse Bautiefe, die trotz der geringen Flächengrösse der Glasbausteine sehr gute Isolationswerte gewährleistet. Sie bewirkt auch eine Steigerung seines Flächenträgheitsmoments auf Biegung, welches hohe Anteile von lsoliermörtel/-beton zulässt und grösser dimensionierte Bauelemente ermöglicht.

ФОТОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ

Фотоэлектрический элемент представляет собой мембранно-электродный узел, способный пропускать свет.

PHOTOELECTRIC ELEMENT

A near-infrared wide spectrum metal complex dye and its preparation method

PHOTOPILE A JONCTION LIQUIDE SEMI-CONDUCTEUR

L'invention concerne les photopiles. L'invention porte sur une photopile qui comporte une jonction photoélectrique entre une électrode en GaAs de type n, 23, et un électrolyte liquide 21. Cette électrolyte contient un couple redox dont le potentiel est plus négatif que - 0,5 V, et dont la concentration est supérieure à 0,1 mole. Application aux piles solaires.

Photoelectrochemical generator - capable of producing electricity from electromagnetic radiation alone

Photocell

Improvements relating to the photocells

Photoelectrochemical generator - capable of producing electricity from electromagnetic radiation alone

STRUCTURE OF CELL PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL AND APPARATUS FOR THE PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY TRANSFORMATION, USING THE AFOREMENTIONED STRUCTURE

DEVICE HAS LAYER THIN OF SEMICONDUCTOR CONTAINING A RUTHENIUM SALT, SA PREPARATION AND ITS APPLICATION, IN PARTICULAR IN THE REALIZATION OF ASSEMBLIES OR SOLID-STATE COMPONENTS

CELL PHOTOGALVANIQUE, USABLE IN PARTICULAR TO CONVERT SOLAR ENERGY INTO Electrical energy

PHOTOPILE A JONCTION LIQUIDE - SEMI-CONDUCTEUR

L'invention concerne une photopile à jonction liquide - semi-conducteur, faisant appel à des semi-conducteurs à chalcogénures. Le semi-conducteur à chalcogénure est fabriqué en anodisant un métal tel que le cadmium ou le bismuth dans un électrolyte à base d'un sulfure, d'un séléniure ou d'un tellurure. L'invention se rapporte à la fabrication de piles solaires peu coûteuses.

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL

Photo-electrochemical solar cell system - has cooling device comprising thermo-syphon to remove electrolyte from cell and return it after cooling

ELECTRODE ACTIVATES FOR SYSTEM REDOX AND ITS METHOD OF PREPARATION

CELLULE PHOTOVOLTAIQUE DE GRANDE SURFACE

CELLULE PHOTOVOLTAIQUE DE GRANDE SURFACE, COMPORTANT DES COUCHES SEMI-CONDUCTRICES QUI, EN CONTACT AVEC UN AUTRE SEMICONDUCTEUR, UN METAL OU UN ELECTROLYTE, ONT FORME UNE COUCHE DE BARRIERE A DEPLETION, AINSI QU'UNE ELECTRODE ET UNE CONTRE-ELECTRODE POUR LE PRELEVEMENT DU COURANT. LE SUBSTRAT 12 DE LA COUCHE SEMI-CONDUCTRICE PHOTOACTIVE 14, QUI CONSTITUE SIMULTANEMENT L'ELECTRODE 13 DE LADITE COUCHE, EST UNE STRUCTURE TEXTILE PLATE METALLISEE, UNE PREMIERE COUCHE METALLIQUE AU MOINS ETANT DEPOSEE CHIMIQUEMENT PAR VOIE HUMIDE SUR LA STRUCTURE TEXTILE PLATE, PUIS SUFFISAMMENT RENFORCEE CHIMIQUEMENT PAR VOIE HUMIDE OU ELECTROCHIMIQUEMENT. UNE TELLE CELLULE SERT ESSENTIELLEMENT A CONVERTIR L'ENERGIE SOLAIRE EN ENERGIE ELECTRIQUE.

광전 변환 소자, 색소 증감 태양 전지, 금속 착체 색소, 색소 용액, 및 터피리딘 화합물 또는 그 에스터화물

... 도전성 지지체와, 전해질을 포함하는 감광체층과, 전해질을 포함하는 전하 이동체층과, 대극을 갖는 광전 변환 소자로서, 감광체층이 하기 식 (1)로 나타나는 금속 착체 색소가 담지된 반도체 미립자를 갖는 광전 변환 소자 및 색소 증감 태양 전지, 또한 이들에 이용되는 금속 착체 색소, 색소 용액, 및 터피리딘 화합물 또는 그 에스터화물. 식 (1) ML1L2(X)n1·CImY 식 (1) 중, M은 금속 이온을 나타낸다. L1은 하기 식 (LV-1) 또는 (LV-2)로 나타나는 LV를 갖는 3좌 배위자를 나타낸다. L2는, 고립 전자쌍으로 M에 배위하는 환 구성 질소 원자를 포함하는 환이, 유기기 RVL: -(RVL)nVL을 갖고, 음이온으로 M에 배위하는 2좌 또는 2좌 배위자를 나타낸다. X는 단좌 배위자를 나타내며, n1은 0 또는 1을 나타낸다. CI는 필요한 반대 이온을 나타내고, mY는 0~3의 정수를 나타낸다. 식 중, RV1 및 RV2는 각각 독립적으로 질소 원자 또는 CRV4를 나타내며, RV4는 수소 원자 또는 치환기를 나타낸다. RV3은 아릴기 또는 헤테로아릴기를 나타낸다. RVL은 특정 방향족환기 등을 나타내고, nVL은 0 이상의 정수를 나타낸다.

Portable Air Conditioner

SOLAR CELL

A cell comprising a transparent conductive film, a semiconductor provided on the transparent conductive film, a conductive film disposed facing the semiconductor, and an electrolyte filled between the semiconductor and the conductive film, metal ions such as silver ions being dissolved in the electrolyte. When light beams into the cell, metal ions are subjected to oxidation/reduction reaction in the electrolyte to effect charging. When an open-circuit voltage is lowered by a reduction in light quantity or shielded light, discharging is effected to enable the cell to function as a secondary battery. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

DYE ADSORPTION APPARATUS AND DYE ADSORPTION METHOD

ADSORPTION METHOD OF DYE AND RECOMBINATION INHIBITOR BY ELECTRODEPOSITION AND ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRID SOLAR CELL PRODUCED THEREFROM

The present invention relates to a method for adsorbing a dye and a recombination blocking agent by an electrodeposition method, and an organic-inorganic hybrid solar cell produced therefrom. A processing time can be significantly shortened when compared to dye absorption by a conventional deposition method (from 24 hours by the conventional method to 0.5 hours by the present invention) and can produce a work electrode with uniform dye deposition amount even in the continuous production process, thereby improving the efficiency of the solar cell. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2017 (AA) Electrodeposition tank (BB) Electrodeposition electrode (CC) Electrodeposition liquid (DD) Anionic dye (EE) Anionic recombination blocking agent (FF) First substrate (GG) Frist electrode (HH) Blocking layer (II) Semiconductor layer (JJ) Scattering layer (KK) Absorbed dye (LL) Semiconductor compound (MM) Adsorbed recombination blocking agent ...

Laminate and manufacturing method of organic solar battery

A laminate which, when a resin film is used as the substrate, makes possible the efficient manufacture of organic solar batteries by reducing the danger of damage to the resin film, to the components of the organic solar battery formed on the resin film, or to the organic solar battery, and a manufacturing method of an organic solar battery that uses said laminate are provided. This laminate includes, in order, a resin film as the organic solar battery substrate, a resin-base adhesive layer containing a resin-base adhesive, and a support body, wherein the support body has through-holes which connect the surface of the support body that contacts the resin-base adhesive layer and a surface of the support body other than said surface.

PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELL MODULE AND FABRICATION METHOD THEREOF

HYBRID METAL-SEMICONDUCTOR NANOPARTICLES AND METHODS FOR PHOTO-INDUCING CHARGE SEPARATION AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF

The present invention discloses the development and use of hybrid metal-semiconductor nanoparticles for photocatalysis of a variety of chemical reactions such as redox reactions and water-splitting.

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion element which has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and high durability. The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion element which sequentially comprises a substrate, a first electrode, a short-circuit prevention layer, a photoelectric conversion layer containing a semiconductor and a sensitizing dye, a hole transport layer containing a conductive polymer, and a second electrode in this order. This manufacturing method comprises: a step (1) wherein the short-circuit prevention layer is formed by a vertical deposition method; and a step (2) wherein the hole transport layer is formed by bringing a conductive polymer precursor into contact with the photoelectric conversion layer and polymerizing the conductive polymer precursor by irradiating the sensitizing dye with light in the presence of an oxidant.

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT MODULE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME

... [Problem] To provide a photoelectric conversion element module in which sufficient power generation performance can be obtained, and a method for manufacturing the photoelectric conversion element module. [Solution] A photoelectric conversion element module obtained by electrically connecting two or more photoelectric conversion elements obtained by stacking a substrate, a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer containing a semiconductor and a sensitizing dye, a hole transportation layer having an electroconductive polymer, and a second electrode in the sequence listed, wherein the photoelectric conversion element module is characterized in that the hole transportation layer is formed by bringing the photoelectric conversion layer and an electroconductive polymer precursor into contact and then irradiating the sensitizing dye with light, whereby the electroconductive polymer precursor is polymerized.

ELECTRODE FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR

An electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell of the present invention includes a substrate; and a nanocomposite layer including a nanocomposite formed on the substrate, wherein the nanocomposite contains: metal, metal oxide or both; and inorganic materials, a conductive polymer or both.

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SEMICONDUCTOR FILM, RAW-MATERIAL PARTICLES FOR SEMICONDUCTOR FILM MANUFACTURE, SEMICONDUCTOR FILM, PHOTOELECTRODE, AND DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL

A method for manufacturing a semiconductor film, characterized in that raw-material particles including semiconductor particles obtained by affixing to a surface an anti-aggregating substance for suppressing aggregation between semiconductor particles are sprayed onto a substrate to form a semiconductor film on the substrate.

Method for producing gel containing nano-carbon material

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a gel containing a nano-carbon material, which allows the gelling medium used to be selected from a wide range of substances, is applicable to other nano-carbon materials in addition to carbon nanotubes, and can be implemented in an extremely simple manner. A method for producing a gel containing a nano-carbon material of the present invention as a means for achieving the object is characterized in that a nano-carbon material is stir-mixed with a gelling medium that satisfies the following conditions (but is not an ionic liquid), the gelling medium being in a liquid or molten state: (1) the gelling medium is in a liquid state at ambient temperature or melts when heated; and (2) the gelling medium contains, in the molecule, two or more rings of at least one kind selected from optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon monocyclic ring and optionally substituted aromatic heteromonocyclic ring.

Method and apparatus for generating electrical current

Method and system for generating electrical energy from a volume of water.

CHEMICAL REACTION DEVICE

Disclosed here is a method of operating a chemical reaction device that includes the steps of determining the presence of surplus power more than a demand, and determining the presence of solar energy.

Display device integrated with solar cells and method of fabricating the same

A solar cell integrated display device with a solar cell attached to one side of a display device and a method of fabricating the same. The solar cell integrated display device includes an emissive display device unit that includes a first transparent substrate, a first transparent electrode deposited on the transparent substrate, a second transparent electrode facing the first transparent electrode, and a light emitting layer between the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode and a polymer membrane coated on the second transparent electrode. The polymer membrane includes CNT, which allows for a smooth flow of electrons. A solar cell unit that supplies power to the display device unit is stacked on the polymer membrane.

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT AND WAVELENGTH SENSOR

A photoelectric conversion element is realized in which the movement direction of electrons in the element changes according to the wavelength of light to be converted. A photoelectric conversion unit includes an active layer on which light to be converted is incident, an intermediate layer that is arranged on the active layer on a side opposite to the side on which the light to be converted is incident, and a reflection layer that is arranged so as to oppose the active layer with the intermediate layer interposed therebetween. The active layer includes a plasmonic material, which is a material in which plasmon resonance occurs due to a reciprocal action with the light to be converted. The intermediate layer has both a semiconductor property and transparency with respect to the light to be converted. The reflection layer has reflectivity with respect to the light to be converted.

Polymers obtained by oxidative polymerisation

Aromatic amine polymer obtd. by oxidative polymerisation, prodn. Polymers (I) obtd. by oxidative polymerisation consists of 75-100 (wt.)% aryl amine monomer(s) (II) of the formulae: H(NH)m-Ar-NH2 (II): m = 0 or 1; Ar = a divalent polyphenylpolyamine, di- or triphenyl, naphthalene, anthracene, phenalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, carbazole, dibenzofuran or dibenzothiophene gp. of the formula (1)-(11): n = 1-50 and the amino gps. are attached to any position of the Ar gp.; excluding benzidine (p,p'-diaminophenyl), and 0-25% other monomers (III) capable of oxidative polymerisation.

COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR

低照度用色素増感光電変換素子の電解質、及び、これを用いた低照度用色素増感光電変換素子

Тандемный металлооксидный солнечный элемент

Изобретение относится к области солнечной фотоэнергетики. Тандемный металлооксидный солнечный элемент содержит два расположенных один под другим по ходу светового потока металлооксидных солнечных элемента (МО СЭ) на основе мезоскопических слоев сенсибилизированного металлооксида, имеющих общий промежуточный токосъемный контакт, при этом согласно изобретению общий промежуточный токосъемный контакт размещен на стеклянной подложке, расположенной между верхним и нижним по ходу светового потока МО СЭ, на которую со стороны, обращенной к верхнему по ходу светового потока МО СЭ, нанесен проводящий слой платины, являющийся для верхнего МО СЭ противоэлектродом, а с противоположной стороны стеклянной подложки, обращенной к нижнему по ходу светового потока МО СЭ, нанесено проводящее покрытие из оксида олова, допированного фтором или индием, служащее для нижнего МО СЭ проводящим электродом, при этом верхний по ходу светового потока МО СЭ сенсибилизирован органическим красителем, поглощающим солнечный ...

БЛОК СЕНСИБИЛИЗИРОВАННОГО КРАСИТЕЛЕМ СОЛНЕЧНОГО ЭЛЕМЕНТА, ФОТОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЕ ЗАРЯДНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩЕЕ В СЕБЯ БЛОК СЕНСИБИЛИЗИРОВАННОГО КРАСИТЕЛЕМ СОЛНЕЧНОГО ЭЛЕМЕНТА, И СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ БЛОКА СОЛНЕЧНОГО ЭЛЕМЕНТА

Изобретение относится к блоку сенсибилизированного красителем солнечного элемента, фотоэлектрическому зарядному устройству. Блок (1) сенсибилизированного красителем солнечного элемента содержит: рабочий электрод, содержащий пористый светопоглощающий слой (10), пористый первый проводящий слой (12), включающий в себя проводящий материал для извлечения фотогенерированных электронов из светопоглощающего слоя (10), пористый изолирующий слой (105), противоэлектрод, содержащий пористый каталитический проводящий слой (106), сформированный на противоположной стороне пористого изолирующего слоя (105), ионный электролит для переноса электронов от противоэлектрода к рабочему электроду, причем первый проводящий слой (12) содержит изолирующий оксидный слой (109), сформированный на поверхностях проводящего материала, а пористый каталитический проводящий слой (106) содержит проводящий материал (107’) и каталитические частицы (107’’), распределенные в проводящем материале. Техническим результатом является ...

Фотосенсибилизатор для солнечных элементов

PHOTOCHEMICAL ELECTRODE

Solar cell with porous insulating layer

Flexible dye sensitised solar cell and a method for manufacturing the same

Light-sensitive device for generating electric currents

... 357,312. Light sensitive cells. AUDUBERT, R., 27, Rue de Jussien, Paris. July 11, 1930, No. 21015. [Class 40 (iii).] A cell which produces current when light falls on one of the electrodes comprises two electrodes immersed in an electrolyte, the light sensitive electrode being subjected to a preliminary heat treatment before assembly of the cell. The sensitive electrode may consist of silver chloride, iodide, bromide or sulphide or a halide or oxide of copper, mercury, &c., which is heated before immersion in the electrolyte to a temperature between 400‹ and 630‹. In an example the material is heated for three minutes to 520‹. Specification 348,109 is referred to.

Conditional instruction execution in a pipelined processor

A pipelined digital processor includes control circuits which during a first processor cycle decode a single conditional instruction for controlling performance of a specific condition test during the next (second) processor cycle and decode another instruction word during the second processor cycle for controlling all processing section operations during the subsequent (third) processor cycle. A circuit performs the condition test by comparing conditions existing in the digital processor during the second processor cycle with the specific condition information included in the conditional instruction for selectively disabling control of at least one section of the digital processor during the third processor cycle depending on the result of the condition test. As described the processor is a multiplier using Booth's algorithm. The pipelined sections include a multiplier forming succcessive partial products, an accumulator accumulating those products, and a rounding circuit to round the ...

PHOTOCHEMICAL DIODES AND PHOTO-ELECTROLYSIS USING SUCH DIODES

... 1529189 Photoelectrolysis; photolytic decomposition of H 2 O ALLIED CHEMICAL CORP 5 Sept 1977 [30 Sept 1976] 37025/77 Heading C7B Photochemical diodes of either the Schottky Fig. 3 or p-n type Fig. 5B are used in photolytic decomposition by suspending the diodes in a reactant matrix (e.g. H 2 O or H 2 S) and irradiating them with natural sunlight or artificial Xe light. Schottky diodes comprise a semi-conductor layer 34 having an ohmic contact 35 on one face, and a metallic layer 36 over the ohmic contact. In Fig. 5B, a p-type semi-conductor has an ohmic contact at 54, and an n-type has an ohmic contact at 56, the contacts being connected via metal layer 57. The size of the diodes may range from 0À01Ám to >1mm. The diodes may be suspended in an electrolyte 64 flowing through a transparent pipe 62 located at the focus of a solar concentrator 63. Schottky diodes may be constructed from n-GaP/Pt; n-CdS/Pt; CdS/Cd 2 SnO 4 ; and a p-n photochemical diode from n-TiO 2 /p-GaP.

Electrical generator

SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION

BIPOLAR MEMBRANES

MANUFACTURING PROCESS A COLORING MATERIAL CONTAINING SOLAR CELL

Electrolyte composition, photosensitized solar cell using said electrolyte composition, and method of manufacturing photosensitized solar cell

Electrolyte composition, photosensitized solar cell using said electrolyte composition, and method of manufacturing photosensitized solar cell

Method for making a photovoltaic cell containing a dye

Photovoltaic generation heat collecting unit

PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

Solid-liquid interface photoelectrochemical cells are provided wherein the liquid phase comprises a nonaqueous solvent, an electrolyte dissolved therein forming an ionically conductive solution and a redox couple suitable to accept and donate electrons from and to the electrodes. The redox couple is present in an amount sufficient to sustain a predetermined current and the concentrations of the electrolyte and redox couple in the solution are sufficient to provide no greater than a selected small voltage drop relative to the output voltage of the cell. The efficiency of conversion of light to electrical energy of such photoelectrochemical cells are 10% and greater.

MULTILAYER PHOTOELECTRODES AND PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS

A multilayer structure which is suitable for use as either a photovoltaic cell or a photoelectrode in a photoelectrochemical cell contains an n-type semiconductor layer, a layer of insulator material which is in direct contact with the semiconductor layer, and a layer of conducting material which is in direct contact with the layer of insulator material, wherein said insulator material is negatively charged as a consequence of the presence of aliovalent dopant ions.

PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM HAVING RECTIFYING INTERFACE AND ISOTYPE

The voltage produced by a photovoltaic device containing a semiconductor layer is enhanced by forming a junction between the semiconductor material of the device and an additional semiconductor material to form an isotype heterodiode. For example, the solar power conversion efficiency and the voltage produced by an n-CdS layer immersed in an electrolyte is enhanced by forming a junction between the n-CdS layer and an n-GaAs layer, the junction being on that face of the n-CdS layer which is opposite to the face exposed to the electrolyte.

SEMICONDUCTOR LIQUID JUNCTION PHOTOCELL USING SURFACE MODIFIED GAAS ELECTRODE

... i Heller A. 9-13-1 SEMICONDUCTOR LIQUID JUNCTION PHOTOCELL USING SURFACE MODIFIED GaAs ELECTRODE A semiconductor liquid junction photocell using a photoactive electrode comprising GaAs has greatly improved solar energy to electricity conversion efficiency when compared to prior art semiconductor liquid junction photocells using GaAs electrodes. The improved efficiency is obtained by material, such as ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium or lead, on the electrode surface. Efficiency is still further increased by texturizing the surface of the GaAs electrode prior to addition of the material. Efficiencies under AM1 conditions are appxoximately 12 percent.

PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

Фотодиэлектрический чувствительный элемент для регистрации оптического излучения

Полезная модель относится к области измерительной техники и касается фотодиэлектрического чувствительного элемента для регистрации оптического излучения. Фотодиэлектрический чувствительный элемент включает в себя оптически прозрачную подложку и электроды встречно-штыревой конфигурации с расстоянием между штырями электродов 5 мкм, расположенные между прозрачной подложкой из оптического стекла марки КВ и тонкой пленкой оксида цинка с сопротивлением 10Ом⋅см. На поверхности тонкой пленки сформированы контактные площадки для проводящих выводов. Пленка оксида цинка формируется методом реактивного магнетронного распыления с дальнейшим отжигом при температуре 500C. Измерение оптического излучения осуществляется посредством изменения диэлектрической проницаемости тонкой пленки оксида цинка под действием оптического излучения. Технический результат заключается в устранении темнового тока при регистрации оптического излучения. 1 ил. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 184 584 U1 (51) МПК H01L 27/14 (2006.01) H01G 9/20 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК H01L 27/14 (2006.01); H01G 9/20 (2006.01) (21)(22) Заявка: 2018126379, 17.07.2018 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: (73) Патентообладатель(и): Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Поволжский государственный технологический университет" (RU) Дата регистрации: 31.10.2018 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: RU 267146 C1, 03.08.2017. CN (45) Опубликовано: 31.10.2018 Бюл. № 31 103346171 A, 09.10.2013. US 9059417 B1, 16.06.2015. UA 81905 C2, 25.10.2008. пленкой оксида цинка с сопротивлением 1011 Ом⋅см. На поверхности тонкой пленки R U 1 8 4 5 8 4 (54) Фотодиэлектрический чувствительный элемент для регистрации оптического излучения (57) Реферат: Полезная модель относится к области сформированы контактные площадки для измерительной техники и касается проводящих выводов. ...

Dye for dye-sensitized solar cells, method of preparing the same, and solar cell including the dye

A dye for dye-sensitized solar cells includes an organometallic complex represented by M(L) p X 2 :(Z) q . In the organometallic complex, M is a Group 8 through Group 10 metallic element, L is a bidentate ligand, X is a co-ligand, and Z is a counter-ion. The ratio of the bidentate ligand (L) to the counter-ion (Z) is about 1.1 to about 1.4. A method of preparing an exemplary dye includes mixing the organometallic complex with tetrabutylammonium thiocyanate and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide to prepare a solution, and purifying the solution at a pH of about 3.8 to about 4.1. A dye-sensitized solar cell includes a first electrode with a light absorbing layer, a second electrode and an electrolyte between the first and second electrodes. The light absorbing layer includes the dye.

Photo electrodes

Methods of fabricating nano particulate Titanium dioxide photocatalysts onto a conducting substrate are disclosed. The methods include hydrothermal fabrications with heat treatment steps to increase the crystallinity and photoactivity of the titanium dioxide layers.

Electrolyte additive of dye-sensitized solar cell and method of making the same

An electrolyte additive is selected from N-alkyl benzimidazole derivatives and is applicable to dye-sensitized solar cells. Accordingly, the electrolyte additive can be added to electrolyte at low concentration, and loss of function due to crystallization after long-term use can be prevented; in addition, short circuit photocurrent density and solar energy-to-electricity conversion efficiency of solar cells incorporating the electrolyte additive can be increased.

Photoelectrochemical cell and energy system using the same

A photoelectrochemical cell ( 100 ) includes: a semiconductor electrode ( 120 ) including a substrate ( 121 ), a first n-type semiconductor layer ( 122 ) disposed on the substrate ( 121 ), and a second n-type semiconductor layer ( 123 ) and a conductor ( 124 ) disposed apart from each other on the first n-type semiconductor layer ( 122 ); a counter electrode ( 130 ) connected electrically to the conductor ( 124 ); an electrolyte ( 140 ) in contact with surfaces of the second n-type semiconductor layer ( 123 ) and the counter electrode ( 130 ); and a container ( 110 ) accommodating the semiconductor electrode ( 120 ), the counter electrode ( 130 ) and the electrolyte ( 140 ). In the semiconductor electrode ( 120 ), relative to a vacuum level, (I) band edge levels of a conduction band and a valence band in the second n-type semiconductor layer ( 123 ), respectively, are higher than band edge levels of a conduction band and a valence band in the first n-type semiconductor layer ( 122 ), (II) a Fermi level of the first n-type semiconductor layer ( 122 ) is higher than a Fermi level of the second n-type semiconductor layer ( 123 ), and (III) a Fermi level of the conductor ( 124 ) is higher than the Fermi level of the first n-type semiconductor layer ( 122 ). The photoelectrochemical cell ( 100 ) generates hydrogen by irradiation of the second n-type semiconductor layer ( 123 ) with light.

Sealing material for solar cell and solar cell module including same

A sealing material for a solar cell and a solar cell including the same, and the sealing material includes a polymer resin having a vicat softening point at 100° C. or 130° C. or between 100° C. and 130° C.

Photoelectric conversion element, method of manufacturing photoelectric conversion element and solar cell

The present invention provides a photoelectric conversion element exhibiting excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent stability in photoelectric conversion function; a method of manufacturing the photoelectric conversion element; and a solar cell thereof in order to solve the current problems. Disclosed is a photoelectric conversion element possessing a substrate and provided thereon, a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer containing a semiconductor and a sensitizing dye, a hole transport layer and a second electrode, wherein the hole transport layer possesses a polymer having a repeating unit represented by Formula (1) or Formula (2):

Method and system for generating electrical energy from water

Method and system for generating electrical energy from a volume of water.

Heteroleptic, dual tridentate ru(ii) complexes as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells

Photosensitizers having a formula of RuL 1 L 2 (1) are provided, wherein Ru is ruthenium; L 1 and L 2 are heterocyclic tridentate ligands. L 1 has a formula of (2), and L 2 has a formula of G 1 G 2 G 3 (3), wherein G 1 and G 3 are selected from the group consisting of formulae (4) to (7), and G 2 is selected from the group consisting of formulae (7) and (8). The above-mentioned photosensitizers are suitable to be used as sensitizers for fabrication of high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells.

Photoelectric conversion element, method of manufacutring photoelectric conversion element, electrolyte layer for photoelectric conversion element, and electronic apparatus

A photoelectric conversion element has a structure in which an electrolyte layer composed of a porous film containing an electrolyte solution is provided between a porous photoelectrode and a counter electrode.

Graphene-based solar cell

A solar cell includes a transparent upper electrode for conducting electrons and for allowing incoming photons of light to pass therethrough. An exciton trapping region is disposed proximate the upper electrode, and includes graphene and an exciton trapping dye. The trapping dye traps captured excitons, and the graphene rapidly conducts freed electrons therefrom to the upper electrode. A pigment layer, in close proximity to the exciton trapping region, includes one or more pigment dyes that absorb light photons and emit excitons for transmission to the trapping dye. Excitons emitted by a first pigment dye can further trigger emission of excitons by a second pigment dye. A backing electrode is electrically coupled to the pigment layer via an anionic polyelectrolyte for transporting electrons to the pigment layer to replenish electrons conducted by the transparent upper electrode.

Composition for Solid Electrolyte and Solar Cell Using the Same

A composition for a solid electrolyte includes a polymer compound (A) and a charge transfer material. The polymer compound (A) is obtained by polymerizing a monomer (a) comprising a monomer (a-2) having chelating ability. The charge transfer material is preferably a carbon material and/or a π-conjugated polymer (β). When a polymer electrolyte layer of a dye-sensitized solar cell is formed from the above solid electrolyte, efficient charge transfer and sufficient charge life can be reconciled with each other.

Dye-sensitized solar cell

A dye-sensitized solar cell includes a first electrode, a light absorption layer disposed on one side of the first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, a light reflecting layer disposed on one side of the second electrode, and an electrolyte filled between the first electrode and the second electrode. Here, the light reflecting layer includes a plurality of thin films including a first oxide thin film and a second oxide thin film, the first oxide thin film has a different refractive index from the second oxide thin film, and the first and second oxide thin films are stacked alternately.

Photoelectric converter

The photoelectric converter includes a substrate; and multiple cells located on the substrate so as to be overlaid. The first cell contacted with the substrate includes a transparent electrode located on the substrate, and a first photoelectric conversion layer located on the transparent electrode. The other cell or each of the others of the multiple cells includes a porous electroconductive layer located closer to the substrate and including an electroconductive material, and a photoelectric conversion layer located on the porous electroconductive layer. Each of the photoelectric conversion layers of the multiple cells includes an electron transport layer including an electron transport material, a dye connected with or adsorbed on the electron transport material, and a hole transport material. The hole transport material is also contained in voids of the porous electroconductive layer.

Photoelectric conversion device

A photoelectric conversion device including a substrate, a photoelectric conversion element including a first electrode, a second electrode and an organic compound layer and a sealing member that are disposed in this order. When a cross section of the photoelectric conversion device in a thickness direction is observed with the sealing member being placed at an upper side, a bonding member seals the organic compound layer at an outside thereof. An output electrode on the sealing member has a protrusion. A side conductive portion is electrically connected with the protrusion in an up-and-down direction. A substrate conductive member electrically connected with the first electrode and the second electrode extends to an outside of the bonding member. An electrical connecting member electrically connects the side conductive portion to the substrate conductive member at a further outside of the bonding member.

Photoelectric conversion device and electronic equipment

A photoelectric conversion device provided with an electron transport layer having an excellent electron transport ability and having an excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency, and electronic equipment provided with such a photoelectric conversion device and having a high reliability are provided. A solar cell, to which the photoelectric conversion device is applied, has a first electrode provided on a substrate, a second electrode arranged opposite to the first electrode and retained on a facing substrate, an electron transport layer provided between these electrodes and positioned on the side of the first electrode, a dye layer being in contact with the electron transport layer, and an electrolyte layer provided between the electron transport layer and the second electrode and being in contact with the dye layer. The electron transport layer is constituted of a monocrystalline material of multiple oxide as a main component thereof. Further, it is preferred that the monocrystalline material of multiple oxide has a layer structure in a crystal structure thereof.

Dye-sensitized solar cell, dye-sensitized solar cell module, and coating liquid for forming electrolyte layer

An object of the present invention is to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a solid electrolyte and having excellent thermostability, which has the excellent feature of retaining liquid so as to prevent an electrolyte solution from being exuded even under high temperature or pressurized conditions, and a dye-sensitized solar cell module using the same. Such dye-sensitized solar cell comprises: an electrode base material 10 ; a porous semiconductor layer 20 formed on the electrode base material 10 having a porous surface carrying a sensitized dye; a counter electrode 40 , which is disposed so as to face the porous semiconductor layer 20 ; and an electrolyte layer 30 comprising a redox pair and cationic cellulose or a derivative thereof, which is formed between the electrode base material 10 and the counter electrode 40.

Dye-sensitized solar cell, dye-sensitized solar cell module, and coating liquid for forming electrolyte layer

An object of the present invention is to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell having a solid electrolyte layer and improved durability or photoelectric conversion efficiency. A dye-sensitized solar cell 1, which comprises: a conductive base material 10; a porous semiconductor layer 20 formed on the conductive base material 10 having a porous surface carrying a sensitized dye; a counter electrode 40, which is disposed so as to face the porous semiconductor layer 20; and an electrolyte layer 30 comprising potassium iodide and a thermoplastic cellulose resin, which is formed between the conductive base material 10 and the counter electrode 40.

Solar cell

Disclosed herein is a dye-sensitized solar cell including a first substrate having a first side and a second side opposite the first side, a second substrate positioned on the second side of the first substrate, a first electrode unit positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate and disposed on the first substrate and a second electrode unit positioned between the first electrode unit and the second substrate and disposed on the second substrate. At least one of the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit may include a current collector electrode and a plurality of electrodes electrically connected to the current collector electrode. The plurality of electrodes may be positioned within an effective area and the current collector electrode may be positioned outside the effective area. A first resistance of the current collector electrode may be less than a second resistance of the plurality of electrodes.

Modified tungsten oxide and process for its preparation

The present invention relates to a modified tungsten oxide having an atomic concentration of 0.5 to 7.0%, preferably from 2.0 to 5.0%, of nitrogen atoms in lattice position, with respect to the total number of atoms of the oxide, having a surface morphology, detectable by means of a scanning electron microscope, characterized by nanostructures in the form of vermiform or branched open swellings, preferably having a length ranging from 200 to 2,000 nm, and a width ranging from 50 to 300 nm, having an appearance similar to Rice Krispies. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the above oxide by the anodization of metallic tungsten, and also a photoanode comprising the above oxide.

Dye-sensitized solar cell

A dye-sensitized solar cell including: a first substrate and a second substrate positioned to face each other; a first electrode layer on the first substrate and comprising a light absorption layer; a second electrode layer on the second substrate to face the first electrode layer and comprising a catalyst layer; an electrolyte between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first reflection layer on one surface of the second substrate; and a phosphor layer on one surface of the second electrode layer, the first reflection layer, or the second substrate, wherein the first reflection layer has a photonic crystal structure in which a plurality of dielectric substances having different refractive indexes are alternately arranged.

Photocrosslinkable electrolyte composition and dye-sensitized solar cell

Provided are an electrolyte composition useful in gelling or solidifying the electrolyte of a dye-sensitized solar cell, an electrolyte formed from the electrolyte composition, and a dye-sensitized solar cell. The electrolyte composition comprises a redox pair, an ionic liquid, and a photocrosslinkable liquid crystal polymer having a functional group represented by the following chemical formula (1) to form the electrolyte. Moreover, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 comprises a photoelectrode 10, a counter electrode 20, and the photocrosslinked electrolyte 30 sandwiched between these two sheets of electrodes. In the formula m is 0 or 1; n is 1 to 3; c is 0 or 1; X is none, O, CH 2 , N═N, C═C, C≡C, COO, or OCO; R 1 and R 2 are each representing H, an alkyl group, an alkyloxy group, or a halogen.

Dye-sensitized solar cell and method of manufacturing the same

Provided are a dye-sensitized solar cell with which desired photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained when short-circuiting between a photoelectric conversion layer and a charge transport layer is suppressed, and also a manufacturing method thereof. Disclosed is a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a photoelectric conversion element comprising a substrate and layered thereon, a first electrode layer, a photoelectric conversion layer in which a sensitizing dye is carried onto a semiconductor material, a charge transport layer and a second electrode layer in this order, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer comprises a compound represented by the following Formula (1): Formula (1) (R-A) n -M, where R represents a monovalent organic group having a straight-chain structure having no substituent but at least 6 atoms in chain length at a terminal, A represents an oxo acid group, M represents a metal atom, and n is an integer of 2-5.

Semiconductor electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell, method of manufacturing the same, and dye-sensitized solar cell having the same

A semiconductor electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell, a method of manufacturing the semiconductor electrode, and a dye-sensitized solar cell having the semiconductor electrode are provided which can prevent electrons from being transported to an electrolyte from the surface of the semiconductor electrode to raise photocurrent and photovoltage and to improve an energy conversion efficiency by forming a semiconductor oxide layer on a conductive substrate, forming an organic layer in a core-shell structure thereon, and adsorbing a dye on the organic layer through the use of an electrostatic attraction.

Use of rylene derivatives as photosensitizers in solar cells

Use of rylene derivatives I with the following definition of the variables: X together both —COOM; Y a radical -L-NR 1 R 2   (y1) -L-Z—R 3   (y2) the other radical hydrogen; together both hydrogen; R is optionally substituted (het)aryloxy, (het)arylthio; P is —NR 1 R 2 ; B is alkylene; optionally substituted phenylene; combinations thereof; A is —COOM; —SO 3 M; —PO 3 M 2 ; D is optionally substituted phenylene, naphthylene, pyridylene; M is hydrogen; alkali metal cation; [NR 5 ] 4 + ; L is a chemical bond; optionally indirectly bonded, optionally substituted (het)arylene radical; R 1 , R 2 are optionally substituted (cyclo)alkyl, (het)aryl; together optionally substituted ring comprising the nitrogen atom; Z is —O—; —S—; R 3 is optionally substituted alkyl, (het)aryl; R′ is hydrogen; optionally substituted (cyclo)alkyl, (het)aryl; R 5 is hydrogen; optionally substituted alkyl (het)aryl; m is 0, 1, 2; n, p m=0: 0, 2, 4 where: n+p=2, 4, if appropriate 0; m=1: 0, 2, 4 where: n+p=0, 2, 4; m=2: 0, 4, 6 where: n+p=0, 4, 6, or of mixtures thereof as photosensitizers in solar cells.

Compounds containing perfluoroalkyl-cyano-alkoxy-borate anions or perfluoroalkyl-cyano-alkoxy-fluoro-borate anions

The present invention relates to compounds containing perfluoroalkyl-cyano-alkoxy-borate anions or perfluoroalkyl-cyano-alkoxy-fluoro-borate anions, ((per)fluoro)phenyl-cyano-alkoxy-borate anions or ((per)fluoro)phenyl-cyano-alkoxy-fluoro-borate anions or phenyl-cyano-alkoxy-borate anions which are monosubstituted or disubstituted with perfluoroalkyl groups having 1 to 4 C atoms or phenyl-cyano-alkoxy-fluoro-borate anions which are monosubstituted or disubstituted with perfluoroalkyl groups having 1 to 4 C atoms, the preparation thereof and the use thereof, in particular as part of electrolyte formulations for dye sensitized solar cells.

Solar cell and solar cell module

A solar cell includes a light transmissive substrate, a supporting substrate, a photoelectric conversion part and a counter electrode disposed between the light transmissive substrate and the supporting substrate in such a manner that they are spaced from each other; an electrolyte part disposed between the light transmissive substrate and the supporting substrate while being in contact with the photoelectric conversion part and the counter electrode, and a sealing part that surrounds and seals the electrolyte part in such a manner that the electrolyte part is retained within an electrolyte disposition region. First openings that make the electrolyte part communicate with the outside are provided at least in one end part in the electrolyte disposition region, and at least one second opening that makes the electrolyte part communicate with the outside is provided in the middle part in the electrolyte disposition region. The first and second openings are sealed.

Photoelectric conversion module

A photoelectric conversion module includes a first photoelectric cell, a second photoelectric cell, the second photoelectric cell being adjacent to the first photoelectric cell, a first electrode, the first electrode corresponding to the first photoelectric cell, a second electrode, and a connecting member disposed between the first photoelectric cell and the second photoelectric cell, the connecting member electrically connecting the first electrode and the second electrode to each other, the connecting member including a first conductive bump, a second conductive bump, and a conductive connector part contacting the first and second conductive bumps.

One-dimensional metal nanostructures

Tin powder is heated in a flowing stream of an inert gas, such as argon, containing a small concentration of carbon-containing gas, at a temperature to produce metal vapor. The tin deposits as liquid on a substrate, and reacts with the carbon-containing gas to form carbon nanotubes in the liquid tin. Upon cooling and solidification, a composite of tin nanowires bearing coatings of carbon nanotubes is formed.

Process for the preparation of perfluoroalkylcyano- or perfluoroalkylcyanofluoroborates

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of salts having perfluoroalkyltricyano- or perfluoroalkylcyanofluoroborate anions, ((per)fluoro)phenyltricyano- or ((per)fluoro)phenylcyanofluoroborate anions, phenyltricyanoborate anions which are mono- or disubstituted by perfluoroalkyl groups having 1 to 4 C atoms or phenylcyanofluoroborate anions which are mono- or disubstituted by perfluoroalkyl groups having 1 to 4 C atoms, by reaction of alkali metal trifluoroperfluoroalkylborate with trialkylsilyl cyanide and a subsequent salt-exchange reaction or by direct reaction of an organic trifluoroperfluoroalkyl borate with trialkylsilyl cyanide.

Photoelectric conversion element module and architectural structure

A photoelectric conversion element module includes a first base material, a second base material, a photoelectric conversion element having a light incident side and sealing portion and arranged between the first and second base materials, an anchoring layer adapted to anchor one of main sides of a light incident side and a side opposite to the light incident side, and one of a main side of the first and second base material opposed to one of the main sides, and a covering section adapted to cover the sealing portion. The Young's modulus of the covering section is 0 MPa or more and 20 MPa or less.

Dye-sensitized solar cell and dye-sensitized solar cell module

There are particularly provided a dye-sensitized solar cell and a dye-sensitized solar cell module that can ensure a sealing structure for, in particular, external connection terminals and can prevent an electrolytic solution from leaking from a solar cell. A dye-sensitized solar cell 10 is provided with a laminated structure unit 18 including a porous semiconductor layer 12 with a dye adsorbed, a conductive metal layer 14 serving as an anode electrode and a conductor layer 16 serving as a cathode electrode. Respective one end portions of the conductive metal layer 14 and the conductor layer 16 extend from the laminated structure unit 18 to provide respective extending portions 14 a and 16 a . The whole surfaces of a first resin sheet 22 serving as a transparent substrate and a second resin sheet 24 serving as an opposite substrate are adhered and sealed. Parts of the extending portions 14 a and 16 a are exposed from openings 26 and 28 provided on the first resin sheet 22 to be formed into external connection terminals.

Method of manufacturing mesoscopic solar cells

A method of manufacturing a dye sensitised solar cell or other mesoscopic solar cell, including the steps of coating at least a portion of a surface of a substrate with an electrode film or other functional layer, and applying an isostatic pressure over the coated substrate to thereby compact the electrode film or functional layer on the substrate.

Maleimide-based compound, and tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, dye for photoelectric conversion, and semiconductor electrode, photoelectric conversion element and photoelectrochemical cell using the same

It is an object to provide a maleimide-based compound having excellent photoelectric conversion characteristics, and a tautomer or a stereoisomer thereof, a dye for photoelectric conversion, a semiconductor electrode, a photoelectric conversion element, and a photoelectrochemical cell. In order to accomplish the above-described objects, a dye for photoelectric conversion including at least one compound represented by the following general formula (1) is provided. (In the formula (1), R 1 represents a direct bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group. X represents an acidic group. D represents an organic group containing an electron-donating substituent. Z represents a linking group that has at least one hydrocarbon group selected from aromatic rings or heterocyclic rings).

Photoelectric conversion device and method for manufacturing the same

To provide a photoelectric conversion device having high conversion efficiency and a method for manufacturing the same. The photoelectric conversion device includes a working electrode that has a transparent electrode ( 2 ) and a porous metal oxide semiconductor layer ( 3 ) that is formed on a surface of the transparent electrode ( 2 ) and supported with a dye; a counter electrode ( 5 ); and an electrolyte layer ( 4 ), the hydroxyl group concentration on the surface of the oxide semiconductor layer is 0.01 groups/(nm) 2 or more and 4.0 groups/(nm) 2 or less, and the adsorbed water concentration on the surface thereof is 0.03 pieces/(nm) 2 or more and 4.0 pieces/(nm) 2 or less. The method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion device includes a first step of forming a porous metal oxide semiconductor layer ( 3 ) on a surface of a transparent electrode ( 2 ), a second step of controlling the hydroxyl group concentration on the surface of the oxide semiconductor layer to be 0.01 groups/(nm) 2 or more and 4.0 groups/(nm) 2 or less and the adsorbed water concentration on the surface to be 0.03 pieces/nm 2 or more and 4.0 pieces/(nm) 2 or less by low temperature plasma processing under an oxidizing atmosphere, and a third step of supporting a dye in the oxide semiconductor layer.

Solar cell having porous structure in which metal nanoparticles are carried in pores

The present invention intends to provide a solar cell that has, by an increase in the absorbance of light of a surface of a solar cell, a reduction in the reflectance, and so on, a high energy conversion efficiency. The problem was solved by a pn junction type semiconductor solar cell that has a porous structure on a surface thereof, characterized in that metal nanoparticles having a surface plasmon absorption are supported in pores present in the porous structure, further, by a pn junction type semiconductor solar cell in which the porous structure is formed in a photoelectric material itself in a pn junction type semiconductor solar cell, or, the porous structure is formed in a light transmission layer disposed on a surface of a pn junction type semiconductor solar cell.

Nanoporous photocatalyst having high specific surface area and high crystallinity and method for preparing the same

Disclosed is a nanoporous photocatalyst having a high specific surface area and high crystallinity and a method for preparing the same, capable of preparing nanoporous photocatalysts, which satisfy both of the high specific surface area of 350 m 2 /g to 650 m 2 /g and high crystallinity through a simple synthetic scheme, in mass production at a low price. The nanoporous catalyst having a high specific area and high crystallinity includes a plurality of nanopores having an average diameter of about 1 nm to about 3 nm. A micro-framework of the nanoporous photocatalyst has a single crystalline phase of anatase or a bicrystalline phase of anatase and brookite, and a specific surface area of the nanoporous photocatalyst is in a range of about 350 m 2 /g to 650 m 2 /g.

Solar cell

A solar cell with an electrode lead-out structure that a unitary cell to be easily mounted on and removed from a connection side substrate is provided. A solar cell 10 is configured such that a power generation electrode 11 including a transparent electrode 14, a collector electrode 18, and a power generation layer 36 formed on a translucent substrate principal surface 12 A is arranged opposite an opposite electrode 28 including a metal electrode 24 and a catalyst layer 26 both formed on a substrate principal surface 20 A so that the power generation layer 36 is sandwiched between the power generation electrode 11 and the opposite electrode 28. A through-hole 16 is formed in a substantially central portion of a substrate 12. A periphery of the through-hole 22 forms an annular exposed portion that does not overlap the opposite electrode 28. A lead-out portion (annular portion 18 A) for the collector electrode 18 is formed on the exposed portion. A through-hole 22 larger than the through-hole 16 is formed in another substrate 20. Metal thin films 24 A and 24 B formed on the substrate principal surface 20 A and 20 B are connected together via a metal thin film 24 C formed on an inner wall surface of the through-hole 22 so that the metal thin film 24 B forms a lead-out portion. Thus, a positive electrode and a negative electrode are led out in the same direction.

SCALABLE PRODUCTION OF DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS USING INKJET PRINTING

Methods, systems, and apparatus regarding Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) formed using nanocomposite organic-inorganic materials deposited by inkjet printing. Exemplary DSSC embodiments include long, narrow strips of titanium oxide and platinum inkjet-printed on fluorine-tin-oxide (FTO) conductive glass substrates. An exemplary deposition of organic materials may be made at ambient conditions, while the plate of printer where the FTO glass substrates were placed may be kept at 25° C. Exemplary FTO glass substrates with dimensions of about 1×1 mmay be covered with titanium oxide and platinum strips, while metal fingers of silver or other metal may be formed in between the strips to form separate solar cells. An electrolyte is added between two opposing, complementary electrode substrates to form one or more solar cells. A UV-blocking ink may be deposited to form a thin UV-blocking film on an outer side of the solar glass. Numerous other aspects are described. 1. A method of forming a solar panel having a dye sensitized solar cell , the method comprising: providing a first conductive substrate having a first conductive surface and a first non-conductive surface opposite the first conductive surface, the first conductive substrate being substantially planar and uniform in thickness;', 'forming a first negative conductive strip by inkjet printing on the first conductive surface, the first negative conductive strip adapted to function as a negative electrode of the solar cell;', 'dying the first negative conductive strip in a dying station having a photosensitizing dye;, 'forming a first portion, forming the first portion comprising providing a second conductive substrate having a second conductive surface and a second non-conductive surface opposite the second conductive surface, the second conductive substrate being substantially planar and uniform in thickness; wherein the second conductive substrate and the first conductive substrate are substantially equivalent in ...

Dye-sensitized solar cell

In one aspect, a dye-sensitized solar cell is provided including: first and second substrates disposed to face each other; and a sealing material disposed between the first and second substrates and defining at least one photoelectric cell that performs photoelectric conversion, wherein the photoelectric cell includes: a first region; and a second region spatially connected to the first region and having higher transparency than the first region, wherein the first region performs photoelectric conversion of light incident through the first region and light incident through the second region.

ELECTROLYTE FOR PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT, PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT USING THE ELECTROLYTE, AND DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL USING THE ELECTROLYTE

An object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element that can achieve superior moisture resistance. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is an electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element which contains an organic salt compound (A) and a lamellar clay mineral (B), wherein the above-mentioned organic salt compound (A) contains more than 50 mass %, in terms of cationic weight, of an organic salt compound (a1) having a specific cation. 2. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the organic salt compound (a1) in the organic salt compound (A) is 90 mass % or less in terms of cationic weight.3. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , wherein the organic salt compound (A) has a thiocyanate anion.4. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , wherein the organic salt compound (A) comprises an organic salt compound (a2) claim 1 , and{'sup': 2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7, 'the organic salt compound (a2) is a compound in which the hydrocarbon groups represented by Rand Rin formula (1) above are hydrocarbon groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and optionally having a hetero atom, or a compound in which the hydrocarbon groups represented by R, R, Rand Rin formula (2) above are hydrocarbon groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and optionally having a hetero atom.'}5. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , wherein the lamellar clay mineral (B) comprises an alkylsilyl group.6. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , further comprising an organic solvent (C) having a boiling point of 150° C. or higher and a relative dielectric constant of 20 or higher.7. A photoelectric conversion element comprising: a photoelectrode including a transparent conductive film and a metal oxide ...

DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL

The present invention is a dye-sensitized solar cell that has a pair of electrodes that oppose each other, a sealing section that joins the pair of electrodes, an electrolyte that fills a cell space that is surrounded by the pair of electrodes and the sealing section, wherein the sealing section has a resin sealing section that contains a resin, the resin sealing section has a changing-thickness section, the thickness of which increases or decreases as a distance from the electrolyte is increased and which has an inclined face, and the resin sealing section comes into contact, along the inclined face of the changing-thickness section, with an electrode of the pair of electrodes that opposes the inclined face. 1. A dye-sensitized solar cell , comprising:a pair of electrodes that oppose each other;a sealing section that joins the pair of electrodes; andan electrolyte that fills a cell space that is surrounded by the pair of electrodes and the sealing section, whereinthe sealing section has a resin sealing section that contains a resin;the resin sealing section has a changing-thickness section, the thickness of which changes to increase or decrease as a distance from the electrolyte is increased and which has an inclined face, and the resin sealing section comes into contact, along the inclined face of the changing-thickness section, with an electrode of the pair of electrodes that opposes the inclined face.2. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the changing-thickness section is an increasing-thickness section claim 1 , the thickness of which increases as a distance from the electrolyte is increased.3. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 2 , whereinthe resin sealing section further has a decreasing-thickness section, the thickness of which decreases as a distance from the electrolyte is increased and which has an inclined face on a side opposite to the electrolyte with respect to the increasing-thickness section, and the resin ...

ULTRA-LOW TEMPERATURE SINTERING OF DYE-SENSITESED SOLAR CELLS

This invention relates to the field of dye-sensitised solar cells and discloses a method for reducing the temperature necessary for sintering the metal oxide paste coating the electrode. 112-. (canceled)13. A method for ultra-low temperature sintering of a metal oxide paste coating an electrode of a dye-sensitised solar cell , said method comprising the steps of:a) providing an electrode prepared from an electro-conducting substrate;b) preparing a colloid comprising at least one metal oxide and a solvent, wherein the solvent is present in an amount ranging from more than zero wt % to 500 wt % based on the weight of the metal oxide;c) adding from more than zero vol % to 10 vol % based on the volume of the solvent of a chemical sintering agent to the colloid, wherein the chemical sintering agent is selected from aqueous solutions of hexafluorotitanic acid, hexafluorozirconic acid, hydrogen fluoride, ammonium fluoride, ammonium bifluoride, and mixtures thereof;d) optionally pre-treating the electrode;e) applying the colloid to the optionally pre-treated electrode;f) heating the coated electrode to a temperature of at most 150° C. for sintering the metal oxide followed by cooling to a temperature ranging from about room temperature to about 120° C.;g) retrieving the electrode coated with sintered metal oxide.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the colloid further comprises one or more binders.15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the one or more binders are selected from polyethylene glycol claim 14 , polyvinyl alcohol claim 14 , and ethyl cellulose.16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the binder is ethyl cellulose.17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the one or more binder is present in an amount ranging from 20 wt % to 40 wt % based on the weight of the metal oxide.18. The method of claim 13 , further comprising adding a thermal sintering agent to the colloid in an amount up to 20 wt % based on the weight of the metal oxide.19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the ...

Di-thiazolyl-benzodiazole based sensitizers and their use in photovoltaic cell

Described herein are D-π-A type sensitizers of the formula (I) or (II) having a novel central π-conjugated unit di-thiazolyl-benzodiazole and dye-sensitized electrodes including a substrate having an electrically conductive surface, an oxide semiconductor film formed on the conductive surface, and the above sensitizer of formula (I) or (II), as specified above, supported on the film. A solar cell includes the above electrode, a counter electrode, and an electrolyte deposited there between. The sensitizers of formula (I) and (II) efficiently sensitize the semiconductor materials and show a high solar to electricity conversion efficiency.

HIGH EFFICIENCY DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS

Cobalt polypyridine complexes are interesting alternative redox mediators for large scale manufacturing of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) since they are less aggressive towards metal contacts and absorb less light than iodide/triiodide. Here we have examined the effect of steric properties of triphenylamine-based organic sensitizers and cobalt polypyridine redox mediators on the electron lifetime and overall device performance in DSCs. Matching the steric bulk of the dye and redox mediator was found to minimize recombination and mass transport problems in DSCs employing cobalt redox mediators. Recombination was efficiently slowed down by introducing insulating butoxyl chains on the dye, allowing the use of a cobalt redox mediator with a less steric bulk. The best efficiency of DSCs sensitized with a triphenylamine-based organic dye in combination with cobalt(II/III) tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) match the highest efficiencies obtained so far with iodide-free electrolytes, reaching a 6.3% overall conversion efficiency under AMI.5 condition (1000 Wm-2) and an efficiency of 7.8% at 1/10 of a sun. Organic dyes with high extinction coefficient can thus be used instead of standard ruthenium sensitizers to build thin films DSCs in order to overcome mass transport and recombination limitations associated with the cobalt redox couples. DSCs sensitized with organic dyes employing cobalt redox mediators are promising for low light intensity applications since the efficiency and voltage is high at indoor illumination. 1. A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a mesoporous semi-conductor sensitized with a light-absorbing dye , a counter electrode , and an electrolyte comprising a redox mediator , wherein an organic light-absorbing dye is used in combination with a one-electron transfer redox mediator.2. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the organic dye comprises bulky alkoxy electron-donating substituents.3. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 ...

Mesoporous titania bead and method for preparing the same

The present invention relates to a mesoporous titania bead and the preparation method thereof, wherein said mesoporous titania bead has a diameter of 200-1000 nm, specific surface area of 50-100 m 2 /g, porosity of 40-60%, pore radius of 5-20 nm, pore volume of 0.20-0.30 cm 3 /g, and the titania comprised in the bead is anatase titania.

SOLAR CELLS WITH MULTIPLE DYES

The present invention relates to the field of dye sensitized solar cell, using several dyes and to a method for preparing them rapidly and efficiently focussing on a rapid method for dye sensitization. 113-. (canceled)14. A method for preparing dye sensitized solar cells with multiple dyes , comprising the steps of:a) providing a first electrode prepared from an electro-conducting substrate;b) applying one or more layers of a paste of metal oxide nanoparticles on a conduction side of the substrate of step a);c) thermally treating the coated substrate of step b);d) providing a second electrode, serving as a counter-electrode, prepared from a transparent substrate coated with a transparent conducting oxide and additionally coated with platinum or carbon;e) optionally pre-dyeing the first electrode coated with metal oxide with a solution comprising one or more dyes to covalently bind the one or more dyes to the surface of the metal oxide;f) piercing at least two perforations in the first electrode and/or second electrode and sealing the first and second electrodes together;g) injecting or pumping two or more dye solutions with a cosorbent through the perforations in the first electrode and/or second electrode to covalently bind the dye to the surface of the metal oxide, wherein each dye solution comprises one or more dyes that can be the same as or different from the one or more dyes of the optional pre-dying solution, and wherein each dye solution comprises at least one different dye;h) injecting or pumping an electrolyte through the perforations in the first electrode and/or second electrode;i) sealing the perforations in the first electrode and/or second electrode; andj) providing an external connection between the first electrode and second electrode for electron transport;wherein dyeing is carried out between the sealed electrodes at a temperature ranging from 10° C. to 70° C.,wherein the two or more dye solutions are introduced consecutively between the sealed ...

Method of producing anode material and the anode materials thereof

The present invention provides a method of producing anode material, and the steps are as follows: TiO 2 and NaOH are in the hydrothermal reaction to generate a fibered precursor; acid pickling the fibered precursor to generate a fibered sodium hydroxo titanate (H 2 Ti 3 O 7 .5H 2 O); disposing the fibered sodium hydroxo titanate on a membrane to dry, and thus to generate a flexible sodium hydroxo titanate membrane; and the flexible sodium hydroxotitanate membrane is reacted with NH 3 flow to generate a titanium oxynitride membrane.

CONDUCTING POLYMER-CARBON MATERIAL COMBINED COUNTER ELECTRODE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

A conducting polymer-carbon material combined counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell comprises a conducting substrate (), and a carbon material () and a conducting polymer () coated on the conducting substrate (). A method for manufacturing the conducting polymer-carbon material combined counter electrode comprises steps: mixing the carbon material () with the conducting polymer () into a uniform suspension, cleaning and surface processing the conducting substrate (), coating the suspension on the conducting substrate () and drying, to obtain the combined counter electrode. 1. A conducting polymer-carbon material combined counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell , said conducting polymer-carbon material combined counter electrode comprises a conducting substrate , wherein , said conducting polymer-carbon material combined counter electrode also comprises a carbon material and a conducting polymer coated on said conducting substrate.2. The conducting polymer-carbon material combined counter electrode of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , said carbon material is at least one of graphite claim 1 , acetylene black claim 1 , carbon black claim 1 , activated carbon claim 1 , single-walled carbon nanotubes claim 1 , multi-walled carbon nanotubes and fullerenes.3. The conducting polymer-carbon material combined counter electrode of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , said conducting polymer is a mixture of poly 3 claim 1 ,4-dioxo-vinyl thiophene and sodium polystyrene sulfonate claim 1 , and the mass ratio of poly 3 claim 1 ,4-dioxo-vinyl thiophene and sodium polystyrene sulfonate ranges from 1:2 to 1:6.4. The conducting polymer-carbon material combined counter electrode of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , said conducting substrate is one of indium-tin oxide glass claim 1 , fluorine doped tin oxide glass claim 1 , carbon steel claim 1 , stainless steel claim 1 , aluminum doped zinc oxide claim 1 , magnesium-indium oxide claim 1 , nickel-tungsten oxide claim 1 , metal nitrides ...

INDOLE COMPOUND, AND PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION DYE USING SAME, SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODE, PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT, AND PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

Provided is an indole compound represented by the following general formula (1): 4. The indole compound according to claim 1 , wherein the linking group Z and the indole ring bonded to the linking group Z form a conjugated structure claim 1 , and the linking group Z and the organic group X form a conjugated structure.5. A photoelectric conversion dye comprising the indole compound according to .6. A semiconductor electrode comprising a semiconductor layer including the photoelectric conversion dye according to .7. The semiconductor electrode according to claim 6 , wherein the semiconductor layer comprises titanium oxide or zinc oxide.8. A photoelectric conversion element comprising the semiconductor electrode according to .9. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 8 , further comprising:a counter electrode facing the semiconductor electrode; anda charge transport material disposed between the semiconductor electrode and the counter electrode.10. A photoelectrochemical cell comprising the photoelectric conversion element according to . The present invention relates to an indole compound, and a photoelectric conversion dye using the indole compound, a semiconductor electrode, a photoelectric conversion element and a photoelectrochemical cell.The past mass consumption of fossil fuels typified by petroleum has caused serious problem of the global warming due to the increase of the COconcentration, and further the depletion of fossil fuels is apprehended. Accordingly, the way of covering the future demand of a huge amount of energy offers a significant challenge on a global basis. Under such circumstances, the use of light energy, infinite and clean in contrast to nuclear power generation, for generating electricity has been actively investigated. As solar cells converting light energy into electric energy, there have been proposed inorganic solar cells using inorganic materials such as single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon and amorphous ...

DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURE

A method for producing a Dye-Sensitized Solar cell (DSC) comprising a substrate, a working electrode, a back contact for extracting photo-generated electrons, an electrolyte, and a counter electrode where the back contact and/or the counter electrode is formed by a porous conductive powder layer, PCPL. The PCPL is prepared by the following steps: 12174535. A method for producing a Dye-Sensitized Solar cell (DSC) comprising a substrate , a working electrode , a back contact for extracting photo-generated electrons , an electrolyte , and a counter electrode , , characterized by that the back contact and/or the counter electrode is formed by a porous conductive powder layer , PCPL.2. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein preparation of the PCPL comprises the following steps:a. powder preparation;b. powder ink preparation;c. powder ink deposition;d. powder layer heating;e. powder layer compaction; andf. powder layer after treatment3. A method in accordance with claim 2 , wherein step c is performed by printing.4. A method in accordance with claim 3 , wherein step c is performed by screen printing.5. A method in accordance with claim 2 , wherein step e is performed by compacting the powder layer to a porosity of 5% to 85% claim 2 , or 40% to 70% claim 2 , or 50% to 60%.6. A method in accordance with claim 5 , wherein step c comprises compacting the powder by compaction tools with micro-structured surfaces in order to transfer the surface microstructure surface to the powder layer during compaction.7. A method in accordance with claim 2 , wherein step f comprises a heat treatment.8. A method in accordance with claim 7 , wherein the heat treatment is a where a sintering effect between the powder particles occur.9. A method in accordance with claim 7 , wherein the heat treatment is rapid annealing treatment claim 7 , for example flash heating.10. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the conductive powder is powders of metals like titanium claim 1 , nickel ...

Dye sensitized solar cell

A dye sensitized solar cell includes a first conducting substrate, a dye layer, a first conducting layer and a second conducting substrate. The dye layer has at least one dye portion and is disposed on the first conducting substrate. The first conducting layer is disposed on the first conducting substrate and around the dye portion, and is formed into at least one hexagon. The second conducting substrate is disposed opposite to the first conducting substrate.

PHENANTHROLINE COMPOUND, ELECTRON TRANSPORT MATERIAL OBTAINED FROM SAID COMPOUND, AND ORGANIC THIN-FILM SOLAR CELL COMPRISING SAID COMPOUND

A compound represented by the following formula (1), wherein L is a single bond or a divalent group, and is bonded at any one of the 6, 8and the 9positions indicated by * of 1,10-phenanthroline; Rg is a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring or a substituted or unsubstituted naphthalene ring; and X is an oxygen atom or N—R. 3. An electron-transporting material comprising the compound according to .4. A material for an organic thin film solar cell comprising the compound according to .5. An organic thin film solar cell comprising claim 1 , between an anode and a cathode claim 1 , an organic layer that comprises the compound according to .6. The organic thin film solar cell according to claim 5 , wherein the organic layer is a buffer layer nearer to the cathode.7. A stacked organic thin film solar cell obtained by stacking a plurality of organic solar cell single cells claim 1 , wherein a buffer layer which is in contact with an intermediate electrode comprises the compound according to .8. An apparatus comprising the organic thin film solar cell according to .9. An apparatus comprising the stacked organic thin film solar cell according to . The invention relates to a novel phenanthroline compound, an electron-transporting material comprising the same, a material for an organic thin film solar cell and an organic thin film solar cell using the same and a stacked organic thin film solar cell.Baked by the shortage of fossil fuel or global warming, a solar cell has recently attracted attention as the source of clean energy, and research and development on a solar cell has been aggressively made. Heretofore, silicon-based solar cells using monocrystalline Si, polycrystalline Si, amorphous Si, or the like have been put into practical use. Since the problem such as expensiveness or the shortage or the like of raw material Si has come up to the surface, there has been an increasing demand for a next-generation solar cell.Under such circumstances, due to inexpensiveness, ...

Counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell and manufacturing method thereof

The invention relates to a counter electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell and a manufacturing method thereof. The counter electrode comprises a conductive substrate and an acid doped polyaniline layer coated on at least one surface of the conductive substrate. The conductivity of the counter electrode is increased, the recombination probability of I 3 − and a conduction band electron is decreased, the bond strength of the acid doped polyaniline layer and the conductive substrate is enhanced, the electronic transmission rate and the conductivity of the counter electrode for the external circuit are further increased, and the production cost is reduced. The manufacturing method can simplify the production process, produce the stable performance counter electrode, increase the production efficiency, and reduce the requirement for production equipment, thus suitable for industrial production.

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION DEVICE AND PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION DEVICE DYE, AND COMPOUND

The photoelectric conversion device described herein includes a working electrode having a dye-supported metal oxide electrode in which a dye is supported on a metal oxide layer. The dye includes a structure represented by general formula (I) The present invention relates to a photoelectric conversion device and a photoelectric conversion device dye, and a compound.Conventionally, dyes have been widely used in various technical fields. As one example, in the field of photoelectric conversion devices, for example, a dye having photosensitization action is used in the working electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell.A dye-sensitized solar cell generally has an electrode having an oxide semiconductor as a support for a dye. Such a dye absorbs incident light and is excited, and this excited dye injects electrons into the support to perform photoelectric conversion. In this type of dye-sensitized solar cell, high energy conversion efficiency can be theoretically expected among organic solar cells. In addition, this type of dye-sensitized solar cell can be produced at lower cost than conventional solar cells using a silicon semiconductor, and therefore is considered to be very advantageous in terms of cost.On the other hand, as dyes used in photoelectric conversion devices, organic dyes, such as ruthenium complex dyes and cyanine dyes, are widely known. Particularly, cyanine dyes have relatively high stability, and can be easily synthesized, and therefore, various studies have been made.For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a cyanine dye that has a structure in which an indolenine skeleton is bonded to both ends of a methine chain skeleton, and further has a carboxylic acid group as an anchor group to be adsorbed on an oxide semiconductor electrode.In addition, Patent Document 2 discloses a composite dye in which a plurality of component dyes having different excitation levels from each other are chemically bonded to each other, thereby forming a linear or branched ...

Fabrication of cellulose polymer composites and their application as solid electrolytes

A solid polymer electrolyte composition is made by hydrolyzing cellulose in a dissolution media to form a first mixture; then combining said first mixture with an antisolvent to form a precipitate; and then (in any order) separating said precipitate from excess antisolvent and excess dissolution media; optionally adjusting or neutralizing the pH of said precipitate; optionally washing said precipitate with water; combining said precipitate with an electrolyte salt and a hydrophilic polymer to form a wet polymer electrolyte composition; and then drying said wet polymer electrolyte composition to produce a solid polymer electrolyte composition. Solid polymer electrolyte compositions produced by the process, along with films formed therefrom and devices containing the same, are also described.

ASPHALTENE BASED PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES

Photovoltaic devices and methods of making the same are disclosed herein. The cell comprises: a first electrically conductive layer; at least one photoelectrochemical layer comprising metal-oxide particles, an electrolyte solution, an asphaltene dye, and a second electrically conductive layer. 1. A photovoltaic device comprising:a first electrically conductive layer comprising a photo-sensitized electrode;at least one photoelectrochemical layer comprising metal-oxide particles, an electrolyte solution and an asphaltene dye, wherein the metal-oxide particles comprise a photocatalytic material optionally dispersed in a surfactant; anda second electrically conductive layer comprising a counter-electrode, wherein the second electrically conductive layer comprises one or more conductive elements comprising carbon, graphite, soot, carbon allotropes or any combinations thereof.215.-. (canceled)16. A photovoltaic cell comprising:a first electrically conductive layer;at least one semiconductor layer comprising sulfide sensitized titanium dioxide particles in an electrolyte in an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises iodide salt and iodine; anda second electrically conductive layer comprising one or more conductive elements, wherein the one or more conductive elements comprise carbon, graphite, soot, carbon allotropes or any combinations thereof.17. The photovoltaic cell of claim 16 , wherein the one or more sulfides selected from a group comprising CoMoS claim 16 , CdS claim 16 , CuS claim 16 , NiMoS claim 16 , FeMoS claim 16 , Co claim 16 , Ni claim 16 , Fe claim 16 , Cu and other transition metal sulfides claim 16 , copper indium gallium diselenide claim 16 , and indium-gallium sulfide.18. The photovoltaic cell of claim 16 , wherein the first claim 16 , second or both electrically conductive layers are flexible metal claim 16 , wherein the first claim 16 , second of both electrically conductive layers comprises platinum coated indium-tin oxide glass.19. A method ...

QUANTUM DOT SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL

Photoelectrochemical solar cells (PECs) have been constructed and studied, the cells comprising a photoanode prepared by direct deposition of independently synthesized nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) onto a nanocrystalline metal oxide film, aqueous electrolyte and a counter electrode. It has been shown that the light harvesting efficiency (LHE) of the NQD/metal oxide photoanode is significantly enhanced when the NQD surface passivation is changed to a smaller ligand (e.g. butylamine (BA)). In the PEC the use of NQDs with a shorter passivating ligand leads to a significant enhancement in both the electron injection efficiency at the NQD/metal oxide interface and charge collection efficiency at the NQD/electrolyte interface. 1. An article comprising:a substrate,a metal oxide film on the substrate,quantum dots on the metal oxide film, the quantum dots further comprising t-butylamine ligands attached to the quantum dots.2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide comprises a transition metal.3. The article of claim 2 , wherein the metal oxide is a mixed metal oxide.4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide comprises a dopant.5. The article of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is selected from titanium oxide (TiO) claim 1 , tin oxide (SnO) claim 1 , zinc oxide (ZnO) claim 1 , tungsten oxide (WO) claim 1 , niobium oxide (NbO) claim 1 , tantalum oxide (TaO) claim 1 , zirconium oxide (ZrO) claim 1 , barium titanate (BaTiO) claim 1 , strontium titanate (SrTiO) claim 1 , zinc titanate (ZnTiO) claim 1 , copper titanate (CuTiO) claim 1 , and combinations thereof.6. The article of claim 1 , wherein the quantum dots are selected from cadmium sulfide claim 1 , cadmium selenide claim 1 , cadmium telluride claim 1 , lead sulfide claim 1 , lead selenide claim 1 , zinc sulfide claim 1 , zinc selenide claim 1 , zinc telluride claim 1 , indium arsenide claim 1 , indium phosphide claim 1 , indium antimonide claim 1 , zinc cadmium selenide claim 1 , copper indium sulfide ...

TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE FILM, METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME, PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION APPARATUS, AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

[Object] To provide a transparent conductive film that has sufficiently low sheet resistance and a sufficiently high visible light transmittance, is capable of securing high conductivity on an entire surface thereof, and has excellent corrosion resistance to an electrolyte solution, a method of producing the transparent conductive film, and a photoelectric conversion apparatus and an electronic apparatus using the transparent conductive film. 1. A transparent conductive film , comprising:a metal fine line network layer; andone or more layers of graphene layers provided on at least one surface of the metal fine line network layer.2. The transparent conductive film according to claim 1 , whereinthe metal fine line network layer is provided on a transparent substrate, and the graphene layer is provided on the metal fine line network layer.3. The transparent conductive film according to claim 2 , whereinthe metal fine line network layer includes at least one metal selected from a group consisting of copper, silver, aluminum, gold, iron, nickel, titanium, and platinum.4. The transparent conductive film according to claim 3 , whereinsheet resistance of the transparent conductive film is equal to or higher than 0.01 Ω/sq and equal to or less than 10 Ω/sq.5. The transparent conductive film according to claim 4 , whereina light transmittance of the transparent conductive film at a wavelength of 550 nm is equal to or greater than 70%.6. The transparent conductive film according to claim 5 , whereinsmoothness of a conductive surface of the transparent conductive film is greater than 5 μm.7. The transparent conductive film according to claim 2 , whereinthe transparent substrate is a plastic substrate.8. The transparent conductive film according to claim 1 , whereinon both surfaces of the metal fine line network layer, the graphene layer is provided.9. The transparent conductive film according to claim 1 , whereina surface of the metal fine line network layer is blackened.10. ...

ELECTROLYTE FOR PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT, AND PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT AND DYE-SENSITISED SOLAR CELL USING SAME

The object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element capable of obtaining a dye-sensitized solar cell having excellent stability. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is an electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element that contains an organic salt compound (A) having a tertiary or quaternary cation and an organically modified lamellar double hydroxide (B). 1. An electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element comprising: an organic salt compound (A) having a tertiary or quaternary cation , and an organically modified lamellar double hydroxide (B).2. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element according to ; wherein the organically modified lamellar double hydroxide (B) is a lamellar double hydroxide that has been subjected to organomodification using an organic anion having three or more carbons.3. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element according to ; wherein the organically modified lamellar double hydroxide (B) is a lamellar double hydroxide that has been subjected to organomodification using an organic anion having an onium base.4. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element according to ;wherein the onium base is at least one type selected from the group consisting of an imidazolium base, a pyridinium base, a pyrrolidinium base, a piperidinium base, an ammonium base, a sulfonium base, a phosphonium base, or the like.5. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element according to ; whereinthe organic salt compound (A) has a thiocyanate anion.6. A photoelectric conversion element comprising: a photoelectrode including a transparent conductive film and a metal oxide semiconductor porous film;a counterelectrode disposed opposite the photoelectrode; andan electrolyte layer disposed between the photoelectrode and the counterelectrode, wherein{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the electrolyte layer is the ...

ELECTROLYTE FOR PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT, AND PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT AND DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL USING SAME

An object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element that can achieve superior moisture resistance, and a photoelectric conversion element and a dye-sensitized solar cell using the electrolyte. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element of the present invention includes an organic solvent (A) and a lamellar clay mineral (B). The organic solvent (A) has a boiling point of 150° C. or higher, and a relative dielectric constant of 20 or higher. 1. An electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element comprising: an organic solvent (A) and a lamellar clay mineral (B) , whereinthe organic solvent (A) has a boiling point of 150° C. or higher, and a relative dielectric constant of 20 or higher.2. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , wherein the lamellar clay mineral (B) comprises an alkylsilyl group.3. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , further comprising an organic salt compound (C) having a tertiary or quaternary cation.4. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element according to claim 3 , wherein the organic salt compound (C) comprises a thiocyanate anion.6. A photoelectric conversion element comprising: a photoelectrode including a transparent conductive film and a metal oxide semiconductor porous film;a counterelectrode disposed opposite the photoelectrode; andan electrolyte layer disposed between the photoelectrode and the counterelectrode, wherein{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the electrolyte layer is an electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element described in .'}7. A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the photoelectrode described in carrying a photosensitized dye.8. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element according to claim 2 , further comprising an organic salt compound (C) having a tertiary or quaternary cation.9. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element ...

DYE-SENSITIZED PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE AND FABRICATION METHOD FOR THE SAME

There is provided a dye-sensitized photovoltaic device, which can achieve low-resistivity of an optical transparent electrode film composing first and second electrodes and can improve photovoltaic power generation characteristics, includes: a first substrate; a first electrode disposed on the first substrate; a catalyst layer formed on the first electrode and having a catalytic activity for a redox electrolyte; an electrolysis solution contacted with the catalyst layer and dissolving a redox electrolyte in a solvent; a porous semiconductor layer contacted with the electrolysis solution and including semiconductor fine particles and dye molecules; a second electrode disposed on the porous semiconductor layer; a second substrate disposed on the second electrode; and a sealant disposed between the first and second substrates, and sealing the electrolysis solution. The first and second electrodes are composed of an annealed layer of an ITO fine particles contained film coated on the first and second substrates. 1. A dye-sensitized photovoltaic device comprising:a first substrate;a first electrode disposed on the first substrate;a catalyst layer formed on the first electrode, the catalyst layer having a catalytic activity for a redox electrolyte;an electrolysis solution configured to be contacted with the catalyst layer and to dissolve the redox electrolyte in a solvent;a porous semiconductor layer configured to be contacted with the electrolysis solution and to include semiconductor fine particles and dye molecules;a second electrode disposed on the porous semiconductor layer;a second substrate disposed on the second electrode; anda sealant disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and sealing the electrolysis solution, whereinthe first electrode and the second electrode are composed of an annealed layer of an ITO fine particles contained film coated on the first substrate and the second substrate.2. The dye-sensitized photovoltaic device according ...

ELECTROLYTE FORMULATION FOR USE IN PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES

An electrolyte formulation for use in photoelectrochemical devices is disclosed comprising a thickening agent, wherein the thickening agent is dissolved in the electrolyte. The thickening agent may be polymeric.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CATALYSIS

A catalyst comprising a first conjugated polymer material that forms an interface with a second material, wherein charge is separated from photo excited species generated in one or both of the first and second materials and subsequently participates in a reaction, electro-catalytic reactions or redox reactions. 1. A catalyst comprising a first conjugated polymer material that forms an interface with a second material , wherein charge is separated from photo excited species generated in one or both of the first and second materials and subsequently participates in a reaction.2. A catalyst according to wherein the reaction is chosen from electro-catalytic reactions or redox reactions.3. A catalyst according to wherein the first material is chosen from the group of conjugated polymers comprising poly(3 claim 1 ,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene) claim 1 , polyterthiophene claim 1 , polybithiophene and combinations thereof.4. A catalyst according to wherein the second material is chosen from the group comprising polymers including conjugated polymers claim 1 , dyes containing a conjugated pi-system claim 1 , carbon claim 1 , organic semiconductors claim 1 , or combinations thereof.5. A catalyst according to wherein the second material is chosen from inorganic species exhibiting d-d orbital transitions.6. A catalyst according to wherein the first material and the second material are both conjugated polymers.7. A catalyst according to which is combined with a support.8. A catalyst according to which further comprises a third material that performs a function chosen from charge mediation claim 1 , light harvesting or species transport enhancement.9. An electrode comprising a catalyst according to .10. A method of catalysis claim 1 , the steps comprising;{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, '(i) forming a catalyst according to ,'}(ii) allowing light to impinge on the catalyst to generate photo excited species in either or both of the first and second materials,(iii) ...

NANOSTRUCTURED CARBON ELECTRODE, METHODS OF FABRICATING AND APPLICATIONS OF THE SAME

Nanostructured carbon electrode usable for electrochemical devices and methods of fabricating the same. The method of fabricating a nanostructured carbon electrode includes providing a carbon material of large-effective-surface-area polyaromatic hydrocarbon (LPAH), mixing the carbon material of LPAH with a surfactant in a solution to form a suspension thereof; depositing the suspension onto a substrate to form a layered structure; and sintering the layered structure at a temperature for a period of time to form a nanostructured carbon electrode having a film of LPAH. 1. A method for fabricating a nanostructured carbon electrode , comprising the steps of:(a) providing a carbon material of large-effective-surface-area polyaromatic hydrocarbon (LPAH);(b) mixing the carbon material of LPAH with a surfactant in a solution to form a suspension thereof;(c) depositing the suspension onto a substrate to form a layered structure; and(d) sintering the layered structure at a temperature for a period of time to form a nanostructured carbon electrode comprising a film of LPAH.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixing step is performed by stirring for a predetermined time.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant comprises an amphiphilictriblock copolymer.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the amphiphilictriblock copolymer comprises poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO).5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a patterned graphite substrate.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature is in a range of about 300-500° C. claim 1 , and wherein the period of time is in a range of about 10-30 minutes.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the LPAH soot material is produced by a hydrogen containing gas electrical arc.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the LPAH film comprises randomly oriented nano-sheets of hydrocarbon species homogenously and uniformly distributed throughout the LPAH film.9. The method of claim 1 , ...

DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL MODULE

The present invention provides a dye-sensitized solar cell module having a plurality of dye-sensitized solar cells connected in series, wherein this module has at least one power generation unit in which at least one bypass diode is connected in parallel to n number (where n represents an integer of 1 to 4) of dye-sensitized solar cells among the plurality of dye-sensitized solar cells. 1. A dye-sensitized solar cell module having a plurality of dye-sensitized solar cells connected in series ,this module having at least one power generation unit in which at least one bypass diode is connected in parallel to n number (where n represents an integer of 1 to 4) of dye-sensitized solar cells among the plurality of dye-sensitized solar cells.2. The dye-sensitized solar cell module according to claim 1 , wherein n is 1 or 2.4. The dye-sensitized solar cell module according to claim 1 , whereinthe dye-sensitized solar cells have:a working electrode, anda counter electrode opposite the working electrode, and one of the working electrode and the counter electrode in at least one of the dye-sensitized solar cells among the n number of dye-sensitized solar cells contained in the power generation unit has a flexible substrate.5. The dye-sensitized solar cell module according to claim 1 , whereinthe dye-sensitized solar cells have:a working electrode, anda counter electrode opposite the working electrode,the working electrode has an electrically conductive substrate, an oxide semiconductor layer provided on the surface of the electrically conductive substrate, and a photosensitizing dye deposited onto the oxide semiconductor layer, anda connection region for the bypass diodes for connection to the working electrode or the counter electrode is provided at a location where the region does not overlap with the oxide semiconductor layer in cases where the connection region and the oxide semiconductor layer are viewed from a direction perpendicular to the surface of the electrically ...

DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL ON NICKEL-COATED PAPER SUBSTRATE

A conducting substrate made of a nickel coating on paper that can be used in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC or DSC). Zinc oxide is the preferred wide-band semiconductor deposited as a nanoparticle layer on the nickel-coated paper to form a photoanode once a dye is deposited on the nanoparticles. A method of constructing the nickel-coated paper substrate is also contemplated. 1. A laminated substrate comprising:(a) a paper layer; and(b) a nickel layer attached to the paper layer.2. The laminated substrate in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising a zinc oxide layer attached to the nickel layer.3. The laminated substrate in accordance with claim 2 , further comprising a dye on at least the zinc oxide layer.4. A solar cell comprising:(a) a paper layer with a major surface;(b) a nickel layer attached to at least the major surface of the paper layer; and(c) a nanoparticle semiconductor layer attached to at least the nickel layer.5. The solar cell in accordance with claim 4 , wherein the nanoparticle semiconductor layer is made of zinc oxide.6. A method of constructing a laminated substrate claim 4 , the method comprising depositing a nickel layer on at least one surface of a paper substrate.7. The method in accordance with claim 6 , wherein the step of depositing a nickel layer comprises immersing the paper substrate in a liquid that includes at least NiSO claim 6 , Succinic acid (CHO) claim 6 , DL-malic acid (CHO) and NaHPOin water claim 6 , the nickel layer adhering to said at least one surface of the paper substrate.8. The method in accordance with claim 7 , wherein the liquid into which the paper substrate is immersed has a pH in a range extending from about 7.00 to about 7.26.9. The method in accordance with claim 8 , wherein a temperature of the liquid is about 70° C.10. The method in accordance with claim 7 , wherein the paper substrate is immersed in a PbClsolution before the paper substrate is immersed in the liquid.11. The method in accordance with ...

DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME

The invention relates to a dye-sensitized solar cell and a method of preparing the same, and it can increase the efficiency and productivity of dye-sensitized solar cells at the same time by replacing all or part of the expensive light-absorbing dyes by carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphenes or carbon blacks. 1. A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a light-absorbing material , characterized in that the light-absorbing material comprises a carbon nanotube (CNT) , graphene or carbon black.2. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 , characterized in that the light-absorbing material is a single-walled carbon nanotube having a particle size of 0.01 to 100 nm.3. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 , characterized in that the light-absorbing material comprisesa) a light-absorbing dye; andb) a carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene or carbon black.4. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 3 , characterized in that the light-absorbing material comprisesa) 30 to 70% by weight of a light-absorbing dye; andb) 30 to 70% by weight of a carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene or carbon black.5. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 , characterized in that the carbon nanotube (CNT) claim 1 , graphene or carbon black has an anchoring group.6. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 , characterized in that the carbon nanotube (CNT) claim 1 , graphene or carbon black has an electron donor group or a light absorption pendant.7. A method of preparing a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the step of absorbing a light-absorbing material onto a working electrode claim 1 , characterized in that the light-absorbing material comprises a carbon nanotube (CNT) claim 1 , graphene or carbon black.8. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 7 , characterized in that the light-absorbing material is a single-walled carbon nanotube having a particle size of 0.01 to 100 nm.9. The method of preparing the dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim ...

LIQUID ELECTROLYTE-FREE, SOLID-STATE SOLAR CELLS WITH INORGANIC HOLE TRANSPORT MATERIALS

Photovoltaic cells incorporating the compounds A/M/X compounds as hole transport materials are provide. The A/M/X compounds comprise one or more A moieties, one or more M atoms and one or more X atoms. The A moieties are selected from organic cations and elements from Group 1 of the periodic table, the M atoms are selected from elements from at least one of Groups 3, 4, 5, 13, 14 or 15 of the periodic table, and the X atoms are selected from elements from Group 17 of the periodic table. 1. A photovoltaic cell comprising:(a) a first electrode comprising an electrically conductive material;(b) a second electrode comprising an electrically conductive material;(c) a photoactive material disposed between, and in electrical communication with, the first and second electrodes; and(d) a hole transporting material comprising an A/M/X compound, wherein the hole transporting material is disposed between the first and second electrodes and is configured to facilitate the transport of holes generated in the photoactive material to one of the first and second electrodes;wherein an A/M/X compound is a compound comprising one or more A moieties, one or more M atoms and one or more X atoms, where the A moieties are selected from organic cations and elements from Group 1 of the periodic table, the M atoms are selected from elements from at least one of Groups 3, 4, 5, 13, 14 or 15 of the periodic table, and the X atoms are selected from elements from Group 17 of the periodic table.2. The photovoltaic cell of claim 1 , wherein the photoactive material is in the form of a porous film and the hole transporting material takes the form of a coating that infiltrates the pores of the porous film.3. The photovoltaic cell of claim 1 , wherein the photoactive material comprises a porous film of semiconductor oxide having a photosensitizing dye adsorbed thereon.4. The photovoltaic cell of claim 1 , wherein the hole transporting material comprises a p-type semiconducting A/M/X compound and the ...

VERTICAL ELECTRICAL CONNECTION OF PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS

The present invention concerns a vertical electrical connection of photoelectrochemical cells, arranged side-by-side between two opposing substrates, at least one of which is transparent or semi-transparent, and covered, on the side facing towards the other substrate, by an electrically conductive coating divided into a plurality of side-by-side regions electrically isolated by means of a corresponding number of interruptions, said vertical electrical connection being arranged between an electrically isolated region of the electrically conductive coating of a substrate, in electric contact with a photoelectrochemical cell, and the electrically isolated region of the electrically conductive coating of the opposing substrate, in contact with an adjacent photoelectrochemical cell, characterized in that it is made of three overlapping portions, that is two portions, respectively coupled with the conductive coating of each of the two opposing substrates delimiting said photoelectrochemical cells. 1. A vertical electrical connection di photoelectrochemical cells , arranged side-by-side between two opposing substrates , at least one of which is transparent or semi-transparent , and covered , on the side facing towards the other substrate , by an electrically conductive coating divided into a plurality of side-by-side regions electrically isolated by means of a corresponding number of interruptions , said vertical electrical connection being arranged between an electrically isolated region of the electrically conductive coating of a substrate , in electric contact with a photoelectrochemical cell , and the electrically isolated region of the electrically conductive coating of the opposing substrate , in contact with an adjacent photoelectrochemical cell , wherein it is made of three overlapping portions , that is two portions , respectively coupled with the conductive coating of each of the two opposing substrates delimiting said photoelectrochemical cells , made of a ...

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Using Nitrogen Doped Carbon-Nano-Tube and Method for Manufacturing the Same

Provided are a dye-sensitized solar cell and a method for manufacturing the dye-sensitized solar cell using a carbon nanotube (CN) doped with nitrogen, wherein the dye-sensitized solar cell using the carbon nanotube (CN) doped with nitrogen has an improved conductivity and open circuit voltage as compared to those using the carbon nanotube (CNT) and also a high connectivity between a transparent electrode and an oxide semiconductor 1. A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising:an upper transparent substrate;a transparent electrode formed on an inner surface of the upper transparent substrate;a porous cathode electrode formed on the transparent electrode and comprising an oxide semiconductor and a dye adsorbed on a surface of the oxide semiconductor;a counter electrode formed on a lower transparent substrate as an anode electrode part corresponding to the cathode electrode; andan electrolyte filled between the cathode electrode and the counter electrode; andwherein the dye-sensitized solar cell further comprises a nitrogen doped carbon nanotube (CNx) layer between the transparent electrode and the porous cathode electrode.2. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the oxide semiconductor comprises TiO. This application is a Divisional Application of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/842,674 filed Jul. 23, 2010 and claims priority to foreign Patent Application KR 2010-0018979, filed on Mar. 3, 2010, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.The present invention relates to a dye-sensitized solar cell and a method for manufacturing the same, in which the method comprises (i) forming a carbon nanotube layer by using a nitrogen doped carbon nanotube (CN: carbon nitride nanotube), or (ii) including the a nitrogen doped carbon nanotube (CN) in an oxide semiconductor, which is composed of nano-particles, so that the dye-sensitized solar cell of the present invention has an improved connectivity between a transparent ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING COUNTER ELECTRODE BASED ON ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION OF GRAPHENE, COUNTER ELECTRODE PRODUCED BY THE METHOD AND DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL INCLUDING THE COUNTER ELECTRODE

Disclosed is a method for producing a counter electrode based on electrophoretic deposition of graphene. The method includes: adding graphene to a dispersion medium to prepare a graphene dispersion; dipping a transparent electrode in the graphene dispersion and applying a voltage to the transparent electrode for 5 seconds to 5 minutes to deposit the graphene on the transparent electrode; and annealing the graphene-adsorbed transparent electrode at 350 to 600° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. Also disclosed are a counter electrode produced by the method and a dye-sensitized solar cell including the counter electrode. 1. A method for producing a counter electrode , comprising:adding graphene to a dispersion medium to prepare a graphene dispersion;dipping a transparent electrode in the graphene dispersion and applying a voltage to the transparent electrode for 5 seconds to 5 minutes to deposit the graphene on the transparent electrode; andannealing the graphene-adsorbed transparent electrode at 350 to 600° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the graphene is present in an amount of 0.00001 to 0.25% by weight claim 1 , based on the weight of the graphene dispersion.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the deposition voltage is from 10 to 30 V.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the graphene is produced by a chemical synthesis process.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the dispersion medium is a mixed solution of an alcohol and magnesium nitrate.6. A counter electrode produced by adding graphene to a dispersion medium claim 1 , dipping a transparent electrode in the graphene dispersion claim 1 , applying a voltage to the transparent electrode to deposit the graphene on the transparent electrode claim 1 , and annealing the graphene-adsorbed transparent electrode at 350 to 600° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere.7. The counter electrode according to claim 6 , wherein the counter electrode has a transmittance of ...

ELECTRODE MATERIAL FOR BATTERY, ELECTRODE MATERIAL PASTE FOR BATTERY, AND SOLAR CELL USING SAME, STORAGE BATTERY, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SOLAR CELL

According to one embodiment, an electrode material for a battery includes a tungsten oxide powder or a tungsten oxide composite powder provided with a coating unit containing at least one selected from a metal oxide, silicon oxide, a metal nitride, and silicon nitride. 1. An electrode material for a battery comprising a tungsten oxide powder or a tungsten oxide composite powder provided with a coating unit containing at least one selected from a metal oxide , silicon oxide , a metal nitride , and silicon nitride.2. The electrode material for a battery according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the coating unit is 10 nm or less.3. The electrode material for a battery according to claim 1 , wherein the coating unit contains at least one selected from the group consisting of YO claim 1 , TiO claim 1 , ZnO claim 1 , SnO claim 1 , ZrO claim 1 , MgO claim 1 , AlO claim 1 , CeO claim 1 , TmO claim 1 , BiO claim 1 , MnO claim 1 , TaO claim 1 , NbO claim 1 , LaO claim 1 , and ITO.4. The electrode material for a battery according to claim 1 , used for a solar cell or a storage battery.5. An electrode material for a battery comprising a tungsten oxide powder or a tungsten oxide composite powder with a BET surface area of 5 m/g or more.6. The electrode material for a battery according to claim 5 , wherein a thickness of the coating unit is 10 nm or less.7. An electrode material paste for a battery comprising one of:an electrode material for a battery including a tungsten oxide powder or a tungsten oxide composite powder provided with a coating unit containing at least one selected from a metal oxide, silicon oxide, a metal nitride, and silicon nitride, and{'sup': '2', 'an electrode material for a battery including a tungsten oxide powder or a tungsten oxide composite powder with a BET surface area of 5 m/g or more.'}8. The electrode material paste for a battery according to claim 7 , containing a binder with a pyrolysis rate at 500° C. of 99.0% or more.9. A solar cell ...

Photoelectric device

A photoelectric device includes first and second substrates facing each other, a separator between the first and second substrates and having a plurality of openings such that opposite first and second surfaces of the separator are fluidly connected to each other, and first and second electrodes on the first and second surfaces of the separator, respectively, wherein the first and second electrodes are fluidly connected to the openings of the separator.

TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES FOR FABRICATING PHOTO-ELECTRODE FOR EFFICIENT, LONGLASTING DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL AND FABRICATION METHOD THEREOF

It is disclosed that a photo-electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising faceted anatase-type titania nanoparticles which adequate for fabricating a photo-electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell which is efficient and longlasting and a fabrication method thereof. The titania nanoparticles can provide high photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell with help of fast electron mobility due to its high crystallinity and can reduce process time required for adsorbing the dye molecules on the surface of the titania nanoparticles. 1. A photo-electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell , comprising; faceted anatase-type titania nanoparticles having a truncated bipyramidal geometry with developed {101} crystallographic planes , wherein an adsorption rate of dye molecules is 80% or greater on the surface of the titania nanoparticles within five minutes when the dye molecules in a solution are in contact with the titania nanoparticles.2. The photo-electrode of claim 1 , wherein the specific surface area of the titania nanoparticles are 80 m/g or greater.3. The photo-electrode of claim 1 , wherein an amount of dye molecules adsorbed on the surface of the titania nanoparticles is 90% or more of an initial amount thereof when the titania nanoparticles adsorbing the dye molecules are exposed for 15 hours under a metal-halogen lamp.4. The photo-electrode of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of surface area of {101} crystallographic planes of the titania nanoparticles to that of {001} crystallographic planes is 2 or greater.5. The photo-electrode of claim 1 , wherein an infrared spectroscopic spectrum of the titania nanoparticles adsorbing cis-Bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2 claim 1 ,2′-bipyridyl-4 claim 1 ,4′-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II) dye comprises bands at 1594 cm claim 1 , 1479 cmand 1106 cm.6. The photo-electrode of claim 1 , the adsorption rate is examined by dye adsorption quantity of the titania nanoparticle 1 g within a dye solution 1 L of cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2 ...

ELECTRODE AND DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL

A working electrode and dye sensitized solar (DSSC) cell having working electrode where the working electrode includes a porous metal foil conductor and a particulate metal oxide layer on the side of the foil for facing incident light and process for preparing the electrode and 1. A method for forming a working electrode for a dye sensitized solar cell comprising:providing a metal foil;applying a particulate metal oxide layer on the side of the foil for facing incident light;heating the particulate metal oxide and foil at an elevated temperature to form a semiconductor layer; andsorbing a dye on the semiconductor layer and wherein the metal foil is provided with pores for charge transport via a charge transport material between the working electrode and a counter electrode.2. A method of preparing a dye sensitized solar cell comprising a working electrode of comprising:forming a working electrode comprising:providing a porous metal foil;applying particulate metal oxide particles on the side of the foil for facing incident light;heating the metal oxide and foil at an elevated temperature to form a semiconductor layer extending over at least a portion of the pores;sorbing a dye on the semiconductor later;providing a transparent layer on the light incident side of the working electrode and a counter electrode spaced from the side opposite the light incident side of the working electrode and a charge carrier material there between for charge transport between the working electrode and counter electrode.3. A method according to wherein the pores are formed by means of microneedles or by laser.4. A method according to wherein the metal oxide is printed onto the surface of the metal foil.5. A method according to wherein the applied metal oxide is formed electrochemically at the surface of the metal foil using the metal foil as the precursor.6. A method according to wherein the metal oxide is applied mechanically to the surface of the metal foil.7. A method according to ...

ORGANIC COMPOUND AND SOLAR CELL USING THE SAME

Embodiments of the present invention provide an organic semiconductor excellent in the photoelectric conversion efficiency and also a solar cell using the same. This organic semiconductor has a polymer structure comprising a repeating unit represented by the following formula (I): -[A-D]- (I). In the formula, A is a structure represented by 3. The organic compound according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of Rs is a perfluoroalkyl group.4. The organic compound according to claim 1 , wherein D comprises a benzothiophene skeleton.5. The organic compound according to claim 1 , wherein A in the formula (I) includes two or more different repeating units.6. The organic compound according to claim 1 , which has a weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene in the range of 100000 or more.7. The organic compound according to claim 1 , wherein the depth of HOMO is calculated to be 5.00 to 5.30 eV according to the molecular orbital calculation based on the density functional theory.8. The organic compound according to claim 1 , which can form into a solid thin film in which the depth of HOMO is measured to be 5.2 to 6.0 eV by the photoelectron yield spectroscopy.9. The organic compound according to claim 1 , which is an organic semiconductor.10. A solar cell comprising an active layer which contains an n-type semiconductor and the organic compound according to .11. The solar cell according to claim 10 , further comprising a substrate claim 10 , an anode claim 10 , a hole transport layer claim 10 , an electron transport layer claim 10 , and a cathode.12. The solar cell according to claim 10 , wherein the n-type semiconductor is selected from the group consisting of fullerenes and derivatives thereof.13. The solar cell according to claim 10 , further comprising an intermediate layer which contains a polymer having a fluorene skeleton and which is positioned between the anode and the active layer. This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority ...

POLYMER GEL ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION, METHOD FOR PREPARING THE COMPOSITION AND DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL INCLUDING THE COMPOSITION

Disclosed is a polymer gel electrolyte composition. The composition includes an aqueous solution of a polysaccharide-based polymer and a liquid electrolyte in which a redox derivative is mixed with an organic solvent. The composition is easy to inject. The composition is free from problems of leakage and volatilization, thus being environmentally friendly. Further disclosed is a highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cell using the composition. The dye-sensitized solar cell is stable for a long period of time and can be readily commercialized. 1. A polymer gel electrolyte composition for a dye-sensitized solar cell , comprising (a) an aqueous solution of a polysaccharide-based polymer , and (b) a liquid electrolyte in which a redox derivative is mixed with an organic solvent.2. The polymer gel electrolyte composition according to claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide-based polymer is selected from starch claim 1 , cellulose claim 1 , pectin claim 1 , guar gum claim 1 , alginate claim 1 , carrageenan claim 1 , xanthan gum claim 1 , dextrin claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The polymer gel electrolyte composition according to claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide-based polymer is xanthan gum.4. The polymer gel electrolyte composition according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent of the aqueous solution is selected from distilled water claim 1 , glycerol claim 1 , ethylene glycol claim 1 , propylene glycol claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.5. The polymer gel electrolyte composition according to claim 1 , wherein the redox derivative is selected from the group consisting of lithium iodide claim 1 , sodium iodide claim 1 , potassium iodide claim 1 , lithium bromide claim 1 , sodium bromide claim 1 , potassium bromide claim 1 , quaternary ammonium salts claim 1 , imidazolium salts claim 1 , pyridinium salts claim 1 , pyrrolidinium salts claim 1 , pyrazolidium salts claim 1 , isothiazolidinium salts claim 1 , isoxazolidinium salts claim 1 , and cobalt-based nitrogen-containing ...

Electric and Mechanical Interconnection System of Photoelectrochemical Cells Modules

The present invention regards a module () of photoelectrochemical cells, comprising at least a flat shape substrate (), with two opposing surfaces and a lateral edge, joining said opposing surfaces along the respective perimeters, on one of said surfaces of said substrate () being placed in succession a conductive coating () and one or more photoelectrochemical cells (), said module () comprising moreover a first electrode () of the whole module and a second electrode () of the whole module, wherein said substrate () has in correspondence of at least a portion of said lateral edge, means () for electrical connection and mechanical coupling with a side by side placed module () of the same type. 1. A module of photoelectrochemical cells , comprising at least a flat shape substrate , with two opposing surfaces and a lateral edge , joining said opposing surfaces along the respective perimeters , on one of said surfaces of said substrate being placed in succession a conductive coating and one or more photoelectrochemical cells , said module comprising moreover a first electrode of the whole module and a second electrode of the whole module , wherein said substrate has on at least a portion of said lateral edge , means for electrical connection and rigid planar mechanical coupling with a side by side placed module of the same type.2. The module of photoelectrochemical according to comprising a first substrate and a second substrate claim 1 , respectively equipped claim 1 , on mutually opposing surfaces claim 1 , with a first layer of conductive coating of said first substrate and second layer of conductive coating of said second substrate claim 1 , between which one or more photoelectrochemical cells are arranged claim 1 , a first electrode of the whole module claim 1 , electrically connected to said first layer of conductive coating and electrically isolated from said second layer of conductive coating and second electrode of the whole module claim 1 , electrically ...

Composite Materials with Metal Oxide Attached to Lead Chalcogenide Nanocrystal Quantum Dots with Linkers

Composite materials useful for devices such as photoelectrochemical solar cells include a substrate, a metal oxide film on the substrate, nanocrystalline quantum dots (NQDs) of lead sulfide, lead selenide, and lead telluride, and linkers that attach the NQDs to the metal oxide film. Suitable linkers preserve the 1s absorption peak of the NQDs. A suitable linker has a general structure A-B-C where A is a chemical group adapted for binding to a MOand C is a chemical group adapted for binding to a NQD and B is a divalent, rigid, or semi-rigid organic spacer moiety. Other linkers that preserve the 1s absorption peak may also be used. 1. An article comprising:a substrate,a metal oxide film on the substrate,quantum dots selected from PbS, PbSe, and PbTe, a linker having the structure A-B-C wherein A is a chemical group suitable for chemical bonding to the metal oxide film, wherein C is a chemical group suitable for chemically bonding to quantum dot, and wherein B is a rigid or semi-rigid spacer group covalently bonded to A and to C,', 'a linker having the structure D-E-G wherein D includes silicon, G is —SH, and E is divalent chemical moiety spacer group covalent bonded to D and to G, and', {'sub': '2', 'a linker selected from (HOOC—CR—CH(COOH)(SH) or a carboxylate salt thereof,'}], 'a linker that chemically attaches the quantum dots to the metal oxide film, the linker being selected fromwherein R is selected from H, alkyl, branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, aryl, substituted aryl, alkenyl, substituted alkynyl, —CN, —OH, —COOH, and COO—.2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide comprises a transition metal.3. The article of claim 2 , wherein the metal oxide is a mixed metal oxide.4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide comprises a dopant.5. The article of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is titanium oxide (TiO) claim 1 , tin oxide (SnO) claim 1 , zinc oxide (ZnO) claim 1 , tungsten oxide (WO) claim 1 , niobium oxide (NbO) claim 1 , ...

MICROLENS ARRAY FOR SOLAR CELLS

A dye-sensitized solar cell with internal microlens array includes an anodic electrode, a cathodic counter-electrode, and an electrolyte. The anodic electrode includes a porous nano-structured active metal oxide layer having a sensitizer dye adsorbed thereon. In one embodiment, a microlens array comprising a plurality of microlens elements is disposed between the electrodes, and preferably between a transparent substrate of the anodic electrode and active metal oxide layer for dispersing light incident on the substrate to the active oxide layer. In some embodiments, the microlens elements may be convex or concave in configuration. The microlens array improves solar conversion efficiency of the solar cell. A method for forming a microlens array is further provided. 1. A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising:an anodic electrode including an electrically conductive first substrate and a porous nano-structured active metal oxide layer supported thereon, the first substrate being positionable to receive incident light from a light source;a cathodic counter-electrode including an electrically conductive second substrate spaced apart from the first substrate; anda microlens array disposed between the first substrate and the porous metal oxide layer, wherein the microlens array comprises a plurality of microlens elements operable to transmit light.2. The dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the microlens elements are further operable to transmit light incident on the first substrate to the active metal oxide layer.3. The dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the nano-structured active metal oxide layer comprises a porous sintered material selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide (TiO2) claim 1 , tin dioxide (SnO2) claim 1 , zinc oxide (ZnO) claim 1 , tungsten oxide (WO3) claim 1 , niobium oxide (Nb2O) claim 1 , titanium oxide strontium (TiSrO3) claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the ...

Polyimide resin composition and laminate including polyimide resin composition

To provide a resin composition that contains a solvent-soluble polyimide and can provide a film exhibiting high viscoelasticity and flexibility at high temperatures. To attain this, a polyimide resin composition is provided that includes a polyimide having a polycondensation unit of a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and a diamine, wherein the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride includes an (α1) tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride represented by general formula (1), or the diamine includes an (β1) aromatic diamine represented by general formula (2), the diamine includes an (β2) aliphatic diamine represented by general formula (3) or (4), a total amour of the (α1) tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and the (β1) aromatic diamine is 5 to 49 mol % with respect to a total amount of the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and the diamine, and an amine equivalent of the polyimide is 4,000 to 20,000.

Photoelectric conversion device using TiOF2 as semiconductor

Use of TiOFas semiconductor in a photoelectric conversion device, in particular in a dye-sensitized solar cell. A photoelectric conversion device, in particular a dye-sensitized solar cell, comprising a semiconductor layer containing at least TiOF. The TiOFis preferably used in the form of nanoparticles. Dyes, method(s) of making them, and their use in photoelectric conversion devices, especially in dye-sensitized solar cells. A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising at least one fluorinated compound as a dye and at least TiOFas semiconductor. 214-. (canceled)15. A dye-sensitized solar cell claim 1 , comprising at least a compound according to as a dye claim 1 , said compound being fluorinated claim 1 , and further comprising at least TiOFas semiconductor.16. A method for forming a photoelectric conversion device claim 1 , comprising using TiOFas semiconductor.17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the photoelectric conversion device is a dye sensitized solar cell.18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the TiOF2 is in the form of nanoparticles.19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the TiOFhas a mean primary particle size from 15 to 50 nm.20. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the dye sensitized solar cell comprises a fluorinated dye compound.21. A photoelectric conversion device comprising a semiconductor layer claim 17 , wherein the semiconductor layer comprises TiOF2.22. The photoelectric conversion device of claim 21 , wherein the photoelectric conversion device is a dye sensitized solar cell.23. The photoelectric conversion device of claim 21 , wherein the TiOF2 is in the form of nanoparticles.24. The photoelectric conversion device of claim 23 , wherein the TiOF2 has a mean primary particle size from 15 to 50 nm.25. The photoelectric conversion device of claim 21 , wherein the thickness of the semiconductor layer is from 500 nm to 10 μm.26. The photoelectric conversion device of claim 22 , wherein the semiconductor layer comprises ...

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT

Disclosed is a photoelectric conversion element which includes a semiconductor electrode, an opposite electrode, and an electrolyte layer held between the semiconductor electrode and the opposite electrode, and which is a photoelectric conversion element of high practical use using a redox couple which has high transparency and ease of enclosure and exhibits high performance compared to an iodine redox couple. An electrolyte layer includes a redox couple formed of compounds represented by General Formula (1) and Formula (2), and ionic liquid having bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion represented by Formula (3). 2. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the compound represented by General Formula (1) in the electrolyte layer is equal to or more than 0.5 mol/L claim 1 , and a concentration of the compound represented by Formula (2) is equal to or more than 0.5 mol/L.3. The photoelectric conversion element according to or claim 1 , wherein the opposite electrode contains a conductive polymer catalyst having catalytic activity with respect to the redox couple. The present invention relates to a photoelectric conversion element which is suitably used as a dye-sensitized solar cell or the like.In recent years, various solar cells have been proposed as a photoelectric conversion element which converts light energy into electrical energy. Among them, a dye-sensitized solar cell which is described in “Nature” 1991, 353, p. 737-740 or the like by Gratzel et. al. of Ecole Polytechnique de Lausanne in Switzerland in 1991 is used with low cost for materials and processes to be used, and thus, the practical use thereof is expected as the solar cell with low cost.In general, the dye-sensitized solar cell is configured with a semiconductor electrode which includes a photoelectric conversion layer which is formed of a semiconductor which has adsorbed a dye on a conductive base material, an opposite electrode which is provided with a ...

PHOTOELECTRIC ELEMENT

Provided is a photoelectric element that includes an electron transport layer having excellent electron transport properties and a sufficiently large reaction interface and has low resistance loss and excellent conversion efficiency between light and electricity. The photoelectric element includes a first electrode , a second electrode , an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode , an electrolyte solution, and a sensitizing dye. The electron transport layer includes an organic compound having an oxidation-reduction site capable of repeated oxidation-reduction. The electrolyte solution serves to stabilize a reduction state of the oxidation-reduction site. The organic compound and the electrolyte solution form a gel layer . The sensitizing dye is provided in contact with the electron transport layer . The hole transport layer contains a charge transporter serving to reduce an oxidized form of the sensitizing dye and having a number average molecular weight of 2,000 or more and 100,000 or less. 1. A photoelectric element comprising:a first electrode; a second electrode; an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; an electrolyte solution; and a sensitizing dye,wherein:the electron transport layer includes an organic compound having an oxidation-reduction site capable of repeated oxidation-reduction;the electrolyte solution serves to stabilize a reduction state of the oxidation-reduction site;the organic compound and the electrolyte solution form a gel layer;the sensitizing dye is in contact with the electron transport layer; andthe hole transport layer contains a charge transporter, the charge transporter serving to reduce an oxidized form of the sensitizing dye and having a number average molecular weight of 2,000 or more and 100,000 or less.2. The photoelectric element according to claim 1 , whereinthe charge ...

DYE ADSORPTION APPARATUS AND DYE ADSORPTION METHOD

[Problem] To significantly reduce the processing time of a step in which a coloring matter is adsorbed onto a porous semiconductor layer formed on the surface to be treated of a substrate. 1. A dye adsorption apparatus of adsorbing a dye into a porous semiconductor layer formed on a treated surface of a substrate , the apparatus comprising:a boat configured to detachably hold a plurality of substrates which are arranged in a row such that the treated surfaces of the substrates face horizontally;a processing tank configured to accommodate the boat and the plurality of substrates held in the boat to be capable of going in and out of the processing tank through a top opening;a top cover configured to close the top opening of the processing tank;a first transport unit configured to transport the boat into and out of the processing tank;a dye solution supply unit configured to supply a dye solution formed by solving the dye in a solvent into the processing tank to such an extent that the plurality of substrates held in the boat are sunk in the dye solution within the processing tank; anda flow control unit configured to control a flow of the dye solution within the processing tank during a dye adsorption processing.2. The dye adsorption apparatus of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , during the processing claim 1 , pressure on the surface of the dye solution in the processing tank covered by the top cover is higher than atmospheric pressure.3. The dye adsorption apparatus of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , during the processing claim 1 , the inside of the processing tank covered by the top cover is filled with the dye solution without a gap.4. The dye adsorption apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processing tank is provided with at least one first port and at least one second port claim 1 ,the dye solution supply unit supplies the dye solution to the processing tank at least one of the first port and the second port, andthe flow control unit controls the flow of the dye solution ...

ELECTRODE, PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT, ELECTRONIC APPARATUS AND ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURE

An electrode includes carbon black, a fibrous carbon material and an organic binder. The carbon black (A) and the fibrous carbon material (B) are in a mass ratio (B/A) within the range of from 10/90 to 50/50. 1. An electrode , comprising:carbon black;a fibrous carbon material; andan organic binder;the carbon black (A) and the fibrous carbon material (B) being in a mass ratio (B/A) within the range of from 10/90 to 50/50.2. The electrode according to claim 1 , whereinthe fibrous carbon material is forming an electrical path among the carbon black.3. The electrode according to claim 1 , whereinthe carbon black has a surface pH of from 6 to 9.4. The electrode according to claim 1 , further comprising:a conductive powder having a powder resistivity of equal to or less than 10 mΩ.5. The electrode according to claim 4 , whereinthe conductive powder contains at least one selected from the group consisting of ITO particulates, ZnO particulates and titanium hydride particles.6. The electrode according to claim 1 , further comprising:hydrotalcite particles.7. The electrode according to claim 6 , whereinthe hydrotalcite particles contain magnesium as the main component.8. The electrode according to claim 1 , further comprising:hydrophobic silica particles.9. The electrode according to claim 1 , whereinthe proportion of the organic binder is within the range of from 0.5 mass % to 5.0 mass %.10. The electrode according to claim 1 , whereinthe organic binder contains at least one selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyamide-imide, aramid, polyacrylonitrile and polymethacrylonitrile.11. A photoelectric conversion element claim 1 , comprising:a photoelectrode;an electrolyte layer; and carbon black,', 'a fibrous carbon material, and', 'an organic binder,', 'the carbon black (A) and the fibrous carbon material (B) being in a mass ratio (B/A) within the range of from 10/90 to 50/50., 'a counter electrode including'}12. An electronic ...

HYBRID NANOSTRUCTURE INCLUDING GOLD NANOPARTICLES AND PHOTOELECTRODE FOR SOLAR CELL HAVING THE SAME

There is provided a hybrid nanostructure including Au nanoparticles, a photoelectrode for a solar cell having the hybrid nanostructure, and a solar cell including the photoelectrode. 1. A photoelectrode for a solar cell , comprising:hybrid nanostructure including an inorganic oxide shell formed at a support particle and Au nanoparticles.2. The photoelectrode for a solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the Au nanoparticles are formed at the inorganic oxide shell.3. The photoelectrode for a solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the Au nanoparticles are formed at the support particle.4. The photoelectrode for a solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic oxide includes one selected from the group consisting of TiO claim 1 , ZnO claim 1 , FeO claim 1 , AlO claim 1 , ZrO claim 1 , TaO claim 1 , MgO claim 1 , BeO claim 1 , and their combinations.5. The photoelectrode for a solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the support particle includes SiO claim 1 , TiO claim 1 , or polystyrene.6. The photoelectrode for a solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the photoelectrode includes the hybrid nanostructure at a ratio ranging from about 0.1 weight percent to about 10 weight percent.7. The photoelectrode for a solar cell of claim 1 , wherein diameter of the hybrid nanostructure is in the range from about 100 nm to about 400 nm.8. The photoelectrode for a solar cell of claim 1 , wherein photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the solar cell is improved by surface plasmon resonance of the Au nanoparticles.9. A solar cell claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'a photoelectrode of , a counter electrode, and an electrolyte.'}10. A preparing method of a hybrid nanostructure claim 1 , comprising:forming an inorganic oxide shell at a support particle; andforming Au nanoparticles at the inorganic oxide shell.11. The preparing method of a hybrid nanostructure of claim 10 , wherein the forming of the inorganic oxide shell at the support particle includes claim 10 , forming an amine ...

DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL

The present invention is a dye-sensitized solar cell including a working electrode having a conductive substrate that is capable of transmitting light, and a porous oxide semiconductor layer that is provided on the conductive substrate; a counter electrode that is provided to face the porous oxide semiconductor layer of the working electrode; a photosensitizing dye that is supported in the porous oxide semiconductor layer of the working electrode; and an electrolyte that is disposed between the working electrode and the counter electrode, in which solar cell the average particle size of the entirety of the semiconductor particles that constitute the porous oxide semiconductor layer is 100 nm or less, the electrolyte contains inorganic particles and is gelled by the inorganic particles, and the reflectance of the electrolyte is higher than the reflectance of the porous oxide semiconductor layer. 1. A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising:a working electrode comprising a conductive substrate that is capable of transmitting light, and a porous oxide semiconductor layer that is provided on the conductive substrate;a counter electrode that is provided to face the porous oxide semiconductor layer of the working electrode;a photosensitizing dye that is supported in the porous oxide semiconductor layer of the working electrode; andan electrolyte that is disposed between the working electrode and the counter electrode,wherein the average particle size of the entirety of the semiconductor particles that constitute the porous oxide semiconductor layer is 100 nm or less,the electrolyte contains inorganic particles and is gelled by the inorganic particles, andthe reflectance of the electrolyte is higher than the reflectance of the porous oxide semiconductor layer.2. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the reflectance of the counter electrode is lower than the reflectance of the electrolyte.3. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein ...

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT, METHOD FOR PRODUCING PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT, AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

A photoelectric conversion element has a structure in which an electrolyte layer having an electrolyte solution is disposed between a porous electrode and a counter electrode. At least one first additive selected from the group consisting of GuOTf, EMImSCN, EMImOTf, EMImTFSI, EMImTfAc, EMImDINHOP, EMImMeSO, EMImDCA, EMImBF, EMImPF, EMImFAP, EMImEtPO, and EMImCBHis added to the electrolyte solution. In a dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element, a photosensitizing dye is bonded to the surface of the porous electrode. 1. A photoelectric conversion element comprising a structure in which an electrolyte layer is formed between a porous electrode and a counter electrode , wherein at least one first additive selected from the group consisting of GuOTf , EMImSCN , EMImOTf , EMImTFSI , EMImTfAc , EMImDINHOP , EMImMeSO , EMImDCA , EMImBF , EMImPF , EMImFAP , EMImEtPO , and EMImCBHis added to the electrolyte layer.2. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte layer has a porous film containing an electrolyte solution.3. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 2 , wherein the porous film has a non-woven fabric.4. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 3 , wherein the non-woven fabric has polyolefine claim 3 , polyester or cellulose.5. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 4 , wherein the porous film has a porosity of not less than 80% and less than 100%.6. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 5 , wherein a second additive having a pKin the range of 6.04≦pK≦7.3 is added to the electrolyte solution and/or a second additive having a pKin the range of 6.04≦pK≦7.3 is adsorbed on that surface of at least one of the porous electrode and the counter electrode which faces the electrolyte layer.7. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 6 , wherein the second additive is a pyridine-based additive or an additive having a heterocyclic ring.8. The ...

THIAZOLE-BASED COMPOUND AND USES THEREOF

The present invention provides a compound useful as a photoelectric conversion dye having excellent photoelectric conversion performance. The compound according to the present invention is a thiazole-based compound represented by the following general formula (1), a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or a salt thereof. In the general formula (1), Rrepresents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, Rrepresents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl group, or a cyano group, D represents an organic group comprising an electron-donating substituent, Z represents a linking group having a heteroaromatic ring or at least one hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of an aromatic ring, a vinylene group (—CH═CH—), or an ethynylene group (—C≡C—), and M represents a hydrogen atom or a salt-forming cation. 5. A dye for photoelectric conversion ,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'comprising at least one of a thiazole-based compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or a salt thereof according to .'}6. A semiconductor electrode for a photoelectrochemical cell ,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00005', 'claim 5'}, 'comprising a semiconductor layer comprising a dye for photoelectric conversion according to .'}7. The semiconductor electrode for a photoelectrochemical cell according to claim 6 ,wherein the semiconductor layer comprises titanium oxide or zinc oxide.8. A photoelectric conversion device for a photoelectrochemical cell claim 6 ,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00006', 'claim 6'}, 'comprising a semiconductor electrode for a photoelectrochemical cell according to .'}9. The photoelectric conversion device for a photoelectrochemical cell according to claim 8 ,further comprising a counter electrode opposed to the semiconductor electrode for a photoelectrochemical cell, andcomprising a charge transporting material between the ...

DYE ADSORPTION DEVICE, DYE ADSORPTION METHOD AND SUBSTRATE TREATMENT APPARATUS

[Problem] To significantly reduce processing time of a step of adsorbing dye in a porous semiconductor layer on a substrate surface. 1. A dye adsorption apparatus of adsorbing a dye into a porous semiconductor layer formed on a treated surface of a substrate , the apparatus comprising:a holding unit configured to hold the substrate such that the treated surface of the substrate faces upward;a nozzle having an ejection port and disposed above the holding unit so that the ejection port faces downward; anda dye solution supply unit configured to pump a dye solution formed by solving the dye in a predetermined solvent to the nozzle,wherein the dye solution is ejected from the ejection port of the nozzle to the treated surface of the substrate held on the holding unit through a first gap so that a flow of the dye solution is formed on the treated surface of the substrate and the dye contained in the dye solution is adsorbed into the semiconductor layer.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a movement mechanism configured to cause a relative movement to be performed between the substrate on the holding unit and the nozzle in parallel to the substrate,wherein the ejection port of the nozzle is formed in a slit shape, and the flow of the dye solution is formed in a direction intersecting the extending direction of the slit.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a movement mechanism configured to cause a relative movement to be performed between the substrate on the holding unit and the nozzle in parallel to the substrate,wherein the ejection port has a plurality of ejection holes arranged in a predetermined direction at a predetermined pitch, and the flow of the dye solution is formed in a direction intersecting the arrangement direction of the ejection holes.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a guide surface opposed to the treated surface of the substrate through a second gap is formed around or next to the ejection port of the nozzle claim 1 , and ...

Three-dimensional photovoltaic device

A photovoltaic device, comprises (1) a transparent first conductive layer, (2) a semiconductor layer on and in contact with the first conductive layer, (3) an electrolyte or p-type semiconductor on the semiconductor layer, and (4) a second conductive layer on the electrolyte or p-type semiconductor. The semiconductor layer has a thickness of at most 100 nm, the first conductive layer has a surface roughness factor (SRF) of at least 10, and the semiconductor layer has a surface roughness factor (SRF) of at least 10

COMPOSITE DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL

A composite dye-sensitized solar cell comprises a conductive substrate, and also a nanoparticle compact layer, a nanotube layer and a nanoparticle scattering layer which are stacked on the conductive substrate sequentially, and further an auxiliary electrode stacked on one side of the nanoparticle scattering layer far away from the conductive substrate, and a composite dye and an electrolyte filled into a space between the conductive substrate and the auxiliary electrode. The composite dye includes at least one short-wavelength light absorption dye and at least one long-wavelength light absorption dye. The nanoparticle compact layer can increase the contact area with the composite dye and further enhance the power generation efficiency. The nanotube layer can transmit the generated electric energy to the external electrodes efficiently. The composite dye can absorb light with different wavelength ranges. Therefore is effectively improved the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). 1. A composite dye-sensitized solar cell , comprising:a conductive substrate;a nanoparticle compact layer, a nanotube layer and a nanoparticle scattering layer which are stacked on the conductive substrate in sequence, wherein the nanoparticle compact layer includes a plurality of fine titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and wherein the nanotube layer includes a plurality of titanium dioxide nanotubes each having two openings at two ends thereof, and wherein the nanoparticle scattering layer includes a plurality of coarse titanium dioxide nanoparticles;an auxiliary electrode stacked on one side of the nanoparticle scattering layer, which is far away from the conductive substrate;a composite dye and an electrolyte filled into a space between the conductive substrate and the auxiliary electrode, wherein the composite dye includes at least one short-wavelength light absorption dye and at least one long-wavelength light absorption dye.2. The composite dye- ...

GEL-TYPE POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL AND DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL COMPRISING THE SAME

The present disclosure relates to gel-type polymer electrolyte for a dye-sensitized solar cell, a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the gel-type polymer electrolyte, and a method for manufacturing the dye-sensitized solar cell. 1. A gel-type polymer electrolyte for a dye-sensitized solar cell , formed from a gelation of a polymer colloid by an electrolytic solution.2. The gel-type polymer electrolyte for a dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 1 ,wherein the polymer colloid includes one selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, PVDF, PAN, PEO, and their combinations.3. The gel-type polymer electrolyte for a dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 1 ,wherein the electrolytic solution includes an organic solvent.4. The gel-type polymer electrolyte for a dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 3 ,wherein the organic solvent includes a nitrile-based solvent.5. The gel-type polymer electrolyte for a dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 4 ,wherein the nitrile-based solvent includes one selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, t-butyl cyanide, valeronitrile, caprylonitrile, heptanenitrile, cyclopentane carbonitrile, cyclohexane carbonitrile, 2-fluorobenzonitrile, 4-fluorobenzonitrile, difluorobenzonitrile, trifluorobenzonitrile, 2-chlorobenzonitrile, 4-chlorobenzonitile, dichlorobenzonitile, trichlorobenzonitrile, 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzonitrile, 4-chloro-2-fluorobenzonitrile, phenylacetonitrile, 2-fluorophenylacetonitrile, 4-fluorophenylacetonitrile, and their combinations.6. The gel-type polymer electrolyte for a dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 3 ,wherein the organic solvent includes a mixture of acetonitrile and valeronitrile.7. The gel-type polymer electrolyte for a dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 1 ,wherein the polymer colloid is from 0.1 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the gel-type polymer electrolyte.8. The gel-type polymer electrolyte for a dye-sensitized solar cell ...

Preparation Method of Low Temperature Sintering Active Electrode Paste for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell

The present invention relates to a method for preparing titanium dioxide paste for dye sensitized solar cell, and more specifically a method for preparing titanium dioxide paste fir dye sensitized solar cell, which is curable at a low temperature and is able to form a uniform coating layer and exhibits relatively high energy conversion efficiency. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing low temperature curable paste which requires no separate dye adsorption process or can improve energy conversion efficiency by adding dye or metal precursor in advance. 1. A method for preparing titanium dioxide paste , comprising the following steps of:adding titanium dioxide nanoparticle to water, alcohol, or mixed solvent thereof (Step 1);dispersing the resultant mixture with ultrasound (Step 2);adding titanium dioxide precursor to the dispersed solution (Step 3); andstirring the resultant mixture (Step 4).2. The preparation method according to claim 1 , wherein dye or metal precursor is additionally added in Step 1.3. The preparation method according to claim 2 , if dye is additionally added in Step 1 claim 2 , wherein Step 1 comprises the following steps of:preparing dye solution by dissolving dye in alcohol (Step a1);preparing mixed solution by adding water to the above solution (Step b1); andadding titanium dioxide nanoparticle to the resultant mixed solution (Step c1).4. The preparation method according to claim 2 , if metal precursor is additionally added in Step 1 claim 2 , wherein Step 1 comprises the following steps of:preparing metal precursor solution by dissolving metal precursor in alcohol (Step a2);preparing mixed solution by adding water to the above solution (Step b2); andadding titanium dioxide nanoparticle to the resultant mixed solution (Step c2).5. The preparation method according to claim 2 , wherein dye is ruthenium-based organo-metallic compound which is selected from N3 claim 2 , N749 and Z907; organic compound which is selected from ...

DYE-SENSITIZED PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE AND FABRICATION METHOD FOR THE SAME

Provided are a dye-sensitized photovoltaic device which can reduce fabrication costs and improve durability, and a fabrication method of such a dye-sensitized photovoltaic device. The dye-sensitized photovoltaic device includes: a first substrate ; a first electrode disposed on the first substrate; a porous semiconductor layer disposed on the first electrode and including semiconductor fine particles and dye molecules; an electrolysis solution contacted with the porous semiconductor layer and dissolving a redox electrolyte in a solvent; a second electrode contacted with the electrolysis solution; a second substrate disposed on the second electrode; and a sealed part for sealing the electrolysis solution, the sealed part disposed between the second substrate and the first substrate, wherein the sealed part is configured to which a burning body of a paste containing a glass frit is fusion bonded. 1. A dye-sensitized photovoltaic device comprising:a first substrate;a first electrode disposed on the first substrate;a porous semiconductor layer disposed on the first electrode and configured to include semiconductor fine particles and dye molecules;an electrolysis solution configured to be contacted with the porous semiconductor layer, and to dissolve a redox electrolyte in a solvent;a second electrode configured to be contacted with the electrolysis solution;a second substrate disposed on the second electrode; anda sealed part disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and configured to seal the electrolysis solution, whereinthe sealed part is configured to which a burning body of a paste containing a glass frit is fusion bonded.2. The dye-sensitized photovoltaic device according to claim 1 , wherein the glass frit is composed of a powdered Bi—B—Si based oxide.3. The dye-sensitized photovoltaic device according to claim 1 , wherein the sealed part comprises at least one of a first base part having a predetermined height formed with the burning body of ...

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell with Ordered Tin Oxide Composite Nanostructure Electrodes

A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) is provided, made from an anode layer of tin oxide (SnO) coated titanium oxide (TiO) nanostructures that overlie a substrate top surface. A dye overlies the anode layer, and a cathode overlies the dye. The cathode may be a hole conducting layer having a solid state phase or a redox electrolyte, with a counter electrode. The TiOnanostructures may be TiOnanoparticles, TiOnanowires, or TiOnanotubes. In the case of TiOnanowires or TiOnanotubes, their center axes are perpendicular to the substrate top surface. Regardless of the TiOnanostructure morphology, the SnOcoating thickness is in the range of 2 to 10 nanometers (nm). In one aspect, the SnOcoated TiOnanostructures have a dielectric layer shell, which may have a thickness in the range of 0.3 to 2 nm. 1. A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) comprising:a substrate having a top surface;{'sub': '2', 'an anode layer comprising tin oxide (SnO) coated titanium oxide nanostructures overlying the substrate top surface;'}a dye overlying the anode layer; and,a cathode overlying the dye.2. The DSC of wherein the cathode comprises:a first material, selected from a group consisting of a hole conducting layer having a solid state phase and a redox electrolyte having a liquid phase, overlying the dye; and,a counter electrode overlying the first material.3. The DSC of wherein the TiOnanostructures are selected from a group consisting of TiOnanoparticles claim 1 , TiOnanowires claim 1 , and TiOnanotubes.4. The DSC of wherein the TiOnanostructures are selected from a group consisting of TiOnanowires and TiOnanotubes claim 1 , having a center axes perpendicular to the substrate top surface.5. The DSC of wherein the SnOcoating thickness on the TiOnanostructures is in a range of 2 to 10 nanometers (nm).6. The DSC of wherein the SnOcoated TiOnanostructures have a dielectric layer shell.7. The DSC of wherein the dielectric layer shell has a thickness in a range of 0.3 to 2 nm.8. The DSC of wherein the ...

DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL AND PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING SAME, DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL MODULE AND PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING SAME

A method for producing a dye-sensitized solar cell includes: preparing a first electrode comprising a transparent substrate and a transparent conductive film, and a second electrode comprising a metal substrate that is formed of a metal capable of forming a passivation film; forming an oxide semiconductor layer on the first electrode; supporting a photosensitized dye on the oxide semiconductor layer; disposing an electrolyte on the oxide semiconductor layer; facing the first electrode and the second electrode, and sealing the electrolyte by a sealing section; and fixing a connection member formed of a metal having lower resistance than the metal substrate, onto the surface of the metal substrate, with the surface being on the opposite side of the first electrode, in which method in fixing the connection member, the connection member is bonded to the metal substrate by resistance welding, and thereby the connection member is fixed onto the metal substrate. 1. A method for producing a dye-sensitized solar cell , the method comprising:a preparation step of preparing a first electrode comprising a transparent substrate and a transparent conductive film that is provided on the transparent substrate, and a second electrode comprising a metal substrate that is formed of a metal capable of forming a passivation film;an oxide semiconductor layer formation step of forming an oxide semiconductor layer on the first electrode or the second electrode;a dye supporting step of supporting a photosensitized dye on the oxide semiconductor layer;an electrolyte disposition step of disposing an electrolyte on the oxide semiconductor layera sealing step of arranging the first electrode and the second electrode to face each other, and sealing the electrolyte by means of a sealing section; anda connection member fixation step of fixing a connection member formed of a metal having lower resistance than the metal substrate, onto the surface of the metal substrate of the second electrode, with ...

DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL MODULE

A dye-sensitized solar cell module includes a plurality of dye-sensitized solar cells electrically connected in series. The dye-sensitized solar cell includes a first electrode that comprises a transparent substrate, and a transparent conductive film provided on the transparent substrate, a second electrode that faces the first electrode, an oxide semiconductor layer that is provided on the first electrode or the second electrode, and an annular sealing section that joins the first electrode and the second electrode. The transparent substrate is composed of a transparent substrate that is common to the plurality of dye-sensitized solar cells. The second electrodes of two adjoining dye-sensitized solar cells are separated apart from each other. The sealing section includes an annular first sealing section that is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the first sealing sections that are adjoining are integrated together. 1. A dye-sensitized solar cell module comprising a plurality of dye-sensitized solar cells electrically connected in series ,the dye-sensitized solar cell comprising:a first electrode that comprises a transparent substrate, and a transparent conductive film provided on the transparent substrate;a second electrode that faces the first electrode;an oxide semiconductor layer that is provided on the first electrode or the second electrode; andan annular sealing section that joins the first electrode and the second electrode,the transparent substrate being composed of a transparent substrate that is common to the plurality of dye-sensitized solar cells,the second electrodes of two adjoining dye-sensitized solar cells being separated apart from each other,the sealing section including an annular first sealing section that is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, andthe first sealing sections that are adjoining being integrated together.2. The dye-sensitized solar cell module according to claim 1 , ...