МОДУЛЬ СЕНСИБИЛИЗИРОВАННЫХ КРАСИТЕЛЕМ СОЛНЕЧНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ, ИМЕЮЩИЙ ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНУЮ КОНСТРУКЦИЮ, И СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ СОЛНЕЧНОГО ЭЛЕМЕНТА

... 1. Модуль сенсибилизированных красителем солнечных элементов (1), имеющий последовательную конструкцию включающую, по меньшей мере, два сенсибилизированных красителем солнечных элемента (2a-c), расположенных рядом друг с другом и соединенных последовательно, причем каждый солнечный элемент включает:- рабочий электрод (3),- первый электропроводный слой (4) для вывода произведенных фотоэлектронов из рабочего электрода,- противоэлектрод, включающий второй электропроводный слой (5),- электролит для переноса электронов из противоэлектрода в рабочий электрод и- последовательный соединительный элемент (6) для электрического соединения противоэлектрода и рабочего электрода соседнего солнечного элемента,отличающийся тем, что модуль солнечных элементов включает пористую изоляционную подложку (7), первый электропроводный слой представляет собой пористый электропроводный слой, сформированный на одной стороне пористой изоляционной подложки, а второй электропроводный слой представляет собой пористый ...

СЕНСИБИЛИЗИРОВАННЫЙ КРАСИТЕЛЕМ СОЛНЕЧНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИЙ ПОРИСТУЮ ИЗОЛЯЦИОННУЮ ПОДЛОЖКУ, И СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ПОРИСТОЙ ИЗОЛЯЦИОННОЙ ПОДЛОЖКИ

Изобретение относится к области электротехники и может быть использовано при изготовлении сенсибилизированного красителем солнечного элемента с пористой изоляционной подложкой, выполненной из керамических и органических волокон. Предложенная пористая изоляционная подложка изготовлена из микроволокон и содержит слой (5) тканых микроволокон и слой (6) нетканых микроволокон, нанесенный на первую сторону слоя тканых микроволокон, причем по меньшей мере часть нетканых микроволокон нанесена в отверстиях между ткаными микроволокнами и толщина слоя (6) нетканых микроволокон изменяется в зависимости от расположения отверстий (14) в слое (5) тканых микроволокон таким образом, что слой (6) нетканых микроволокон толще в указанных отверстиях и тоньше на поверхности микроволокон слоя тканых микроволокон. Повышение механической прочности подложки при уменьшении ее толщины является техническим результатом изобретения.10 з.п. ф-лы, 5 ил., 3 пр.

УСТРОЙСТВО ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ В ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКУЮ

... 1. Способ изготовления устройства преобразования солнечной энергии в электрическую, характеризующийся: ! a) нанесением слоя нанокристаллического полупроводникового соединения на прозрачную проводящую подложку; ! b) приготовлением суспензий наночастиц в жидких средах; ! c) нанесением пористого мультислоя со свойствами фотонного кристалла на полупроводниковый слой, с образованием структуры чередующихся слоев наночастиц регулируемой толщины, так что достигается периодическая или квазипериодическая пространственная модуляция показателя преломления по мультислою; ! d) нагреванием структуры до температуры между 100°С и 550°С; ! e) сенсибилизацией структуры красителем посредством погружения структуры в раствор красителя; ! f) приготовлением противоэлектрода; ! g) герметизацией электрода и противоэлектрода, с образованием таким образом элемента, пропитыванием пространства между ними проводящим электролитом, который может быть жидким или твердым. ! 2. Способ изготовления устройства преобразования ...

HERSTELLUNGSVERFAHREN EINER ELEKTRODE FÜR EINE ELEKTROCHEMISCHE VORRICHTUNG

Hybridsolarzelle mit thermisch abgeschiedener Halbleiteroxidschicht

Farbstoffsensibilisierte Festkörpersolarzelle mit Langzeitstabililät, die ein Additiv auf Pyridinbasis enthält

Offenbart ist eine farbstoffsensibilisierte Festkörpersolarzelle mit verbesserter Langzeitstabilität, die eine Verbindung auf Pyridinbasis als Additiv enthält. Insbesondere umfasst die farbstoffsensibilisierte Festkörpersolarzelle eine Lochtransportschicht, die ein Additiv auf Pyridinbasis im Gemisch mit einem Lochtransportmaterial enthält, so dass eine Festkörper-Lochtransportschicht in der farbstoffsensibilisierten Festkörpersolarzelle bereitgestellt wird. Folglich können bessere Anfangseffizienz und wesentlich verbesserte Langzeitstabilität der farbstoffsensibilisierten Festkörpersolarzelle erhalten werden. Zudem kann die farbstoffsensibilisierte Solarzelle mit einem einfachen Verfahren ohne Verwendung eines Dichtungsmittels hergestellt werden.

Schichtaufbau einer Farbstoff-Solarzelle und Farbstoff-Solarzelle

Schichtaufbau einer Farbstoff-Solarzelle, umfassend – eine Basisschicht (1), die aus Beton besteht und eine Arbeitselektrode (2) umfasst, – eine dazu benachbart angeordnete Halbleiterschicht (3), – eine dazu benachbart angeordnete, photooxidierbare Farbstoffschicht (4), – eine dazu benachbart angeordnete Elektrolytschicht (5), – eine dazu benachbart angeordnete, elektrisch leitende Schicht, die als Gegenelektrode (6) ausgebildet ist, und – eine dazu benachbart angeordnete Abdeckschicht (7).

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUM FÄRBEN EINER SCHICHT AUS NANOKRISTALLINEM MATERIAL

PHOTOELEKTRISCHE ZELLE

FOTOELEKTRISCHES UMWANDLUNGSELEMENT

Oberflächenphotospannungs-basiertes Erfassen von Molekülen

Eine Oberflächenphotospannung wird für Molekülerfassung verwendet. Die Erfassung wird durchgeführt durch Aussetzen einer Oberfläche eines Halbleiters gegenüber Molekülen und Erfassen einer Änderung bei der Oberflächenphotospannung des Halbleiters. Chemische und biologische Sensoren können auf einer solchen Erfassung basieren.

Photoelectrochemical cell

The invention relates to a photoelectrochemical cell (1) having a photoactive layer (2) which is arranged between a first and a second electrically conductive layer (3, 4). Acceleration of the reaction rate in the photoactive layer requires an electrocatalytically active component (4S). According to the invention, the second electrically conductive layer (4) is provided, in the boundary zone with respect to the photoactive layer (2), with an electrocatalytically active, electrically conductive coating (4S). ...

Photoelektrische Umwandlungsvorrichtung und Herstellungsverfahren

Gel-type electrolyte materials for uses in photoelectrochemical systems and method for synthesis of these materials and for applying coatings with these materials

Published without abstract.

Dye sensitized solar cells

A solid polymer membrane of a DSSC is cured between the device electrodes and an ionic moiety is added before or after in situ polymerisation of the membrane. Potassium iodide may be added to a monomer mixture used for forming the membrane prior to polymerisation. The potassium iodide oxidation process is much slower than the polymerisation process and the polymerisation reaction is therefore not inhibited by the presence of iodine ions. Alternatively, iodine electrolyte material may be infused into a membrane after it has been cured.

Solar cells with multiple dyes

Electrolyte composition and dye-sensitized solar cell having the same

Ruthenium complex and its use in a dye-sensitized solar cell

... 1. A ruthenium complex, which is represented by the following formula (I):RuL2(NCS)2Am(I)whereinL is 2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, 2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-disulfonic acid, or 2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-diphosphonic acid;A is a quaternary phosphonium cation; andm is 1, 2, 3, or 4. The ruthenium complex can be used in a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). Hence, the photoelectric characteristics of the DSSC manufactured witn the ruthenium complex of the present invention can be improved.

Method for re-dyeing dye sensitised solar cells

The present invention relates to the field of dye sensitised solar cells and discloses a method for multiple desensitising and re-dyeing, including partial desensitisation and multiple re-dyeing with single or mixed dyes.

Electrochemical cell structure and method of fabrication

Electrochemical cell and method of manufacture

Photovoltaic cell.

Photovoltaic cell.

Photovoltaic cell.

ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION, PHOTOELECTRIC TRANSFORMATION DEVICE AND PHOTO-ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CELL

PHOTOELECTRIC CELL

PROCEDURE FOR BRINGING INTERMEDIATE CONNECTIONS INTO RENEWABLE PHOTOVOLTAI PHOTO-ELECTRO-CHEMICAL VIELZELLANORDUNGEN

ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION FOR PHOTO-ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CELLS

PYRIDINVERBINDUNG, YOUR USE AS CHARGE TRANSFER MATERIAL AND PHOTO-ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CELL

PHOTOVOLTAIK FIBERS

STRUCTURE OF AN ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CELL AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS

COLORING MATERIAL-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL WITH EXTENDED WAVELENGTH COVERAGE AND HESTELLUNGSVERFAHREN

PHOTO-ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CELL

2,2 - BIPYRIDIN LIGAND, SENSITIZATION COLORING MATERIAL AND COLORING MATERIAL-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL

FARBSTOFFSENSIBLISIERTE PHOTO-ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CELL

PHOTO-ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CELL

FLÜSSIGKEITSHALTIGES PHOTOVOLTAI ELEMENT

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION AN INTERLACED POLYMER CONTAINING ELECTROLYTES AND THE ELECTROLYTE UTILIZATION AN PHOTO-ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CELL

PHOTOELECTRIC TRANSFORMATION DEVICE AND PHOTO-ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CELL

REVERSES COLORING MATERIAL-SENSITIZED PHOTOVOLTAI MODULE

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

A solar cell comprising grains of a doped semiconducting material and a method for manufacturing the solar cell

The present invention relates to a solar cell and a method for manufacturing thereof. The solar cell comprises a porous insulating substrate (2), a first porous conducting layer (4) and a second porous conducting layer (6) disposed on opposite sides of the porous insulating substrate, a light absorbing layer (8) in electrical contact with the first conducting layer, and an electrolyte integrally positioned through the porous conductive layers, the porous insulating substrate and the light absorbing layer to transfer charge carriers between the second conducting layer and the light absorbing layer. The light absorbing layer (8) comprises a plurality of grains (10) of a doped semiconducting material.

Organic dye compositions and use thereof in photovoltaic cells

Dye-sensitized solar cell

Dye-sensitized solar cell

A sealed monolithic photo-electrochemical system and a method for manufacturing a sealed monolithic photo-electrochemical system

Electrolytic composition and photoelectric conversion element using the same.

Counter electrode for photoelectric converter and photoelectric converter

DYE SENSITIZATION PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERTER AND PROCESS FOR FABRICATING THE SAME

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT AND PROCESS FOR FABRICATING THE SAME, ELECTRONIC APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR FABRICATING THE SAME, AND SEMICONDUCTOR LAYER AND PROCESS FOR FORMING THE SAME

Electrolyte formulations

The present invention relates to electrolyte formulations comprising at least one compound comprising a dihydridodicyanoborate anion and their use in an eletrochemical and/or optoelectronic device such as a photovoltaic cell, a light emitting device, an electrochromic or photo-electrochromic device, an electrochemical sensor and/or biosensor, preferably their use in a dye or quantum dot sensitized solar cell.

Tandem dye-sensitised solar cell and method of its production

Nanotube-shaped titania and method for producing same

Combined photoelectrochemical cell and capacitor

Semiconductor nanoparticle/nanofiber composite electrodes

Composite electrode materials for DSSCs, DSSCs incorporating the composite electrode materials and methods for making the composite electrode materials are provided. The composite electrode materials are composed of semiconductor nanofibers embedded in a matrix of semiconductor nanoparticles. DSSCs incorporating the composite electrode materials exhibit both increased carrier transport and improved light harvesting, particularly at wavelengths of 600 nm or greater (e.g., 600 nm to 800 nm or greater).

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR APPLYING A LAYER OF A SECOND MATERIAL TO A LAYER OF A NANOCRYSTALLINE FIRST MATERIAL

LIQUID-CONTAINING PHOTOVOLTAIC ELEMENT

Conductive glass and photoelectric conversion device using same

Ruthenium complex and photoelectric component using the same

RUTHENIUM COMPLEX AND PHOTOELECTRIC COMPONENT USING THE The present invention relates to a ruthenium complex and a photoelectric component 5 using the same, and the ruthenium complex is represented by the following formula (I): RuL 2(NCS)2Am (I) wherein L, A and m are defined the same as the specification. The ruthenium complex of the present invention is suitable for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). io Hence, the photoelectric characteristics of the DSSC manufactured with the ruthenium complex of the present invention can be improved.

Coating material for forming porous metal oxide semiconductor film for photovoltaic cell and photovoltaic cell

Titanate interfacial layers in perovskite material devices

Photovoltaic devices such as solar cells, hybrid solar cell-batteries, and other such devices may include an active layer disposed between two electrodes. The active layer may have perovskite material and other material such as mesoporous material, interfacial layers, thin-coat interfacial layers, and combinations thereof. The perovskite material may be photoactive. The active layer may include a titanate. The perovskite material may be disposed between two or more other materials in the photovoltaic device. Inclusion of these materials in various arrangements within an active layer of a photovoltaic device may improve device performance. Other materials may be included to further improve device performance, such as, for example: additional perovskites, and additional interfacial layers.

Dye, photoelectric conversion element using the same, photoelectrochemical cell, and method of producing dye

A dye having a structure represented by general formula (1A). [In general formula (1A), A represents an atom group required, together with a carbon-nitrogen bond, for the formation of a ring; either Y ...

Solar cell and process for producing the same

The present invention relates to photoanodes, solar cells and methods and processes for producing the same. In some embodiments, the solar cells of the invention can do without a sintered nanoporous scaffold layer, making it possible to produce the solar cells in low- temperature procedures. In some embodiments, the invention encompasses organic- inorganic perovskite sensitizers, deposited on a smooth metal oxide layer. In some embodiments, the organic-inorganic perovskite sensitizers are deposited in a two-step sequential process.

Perovskite material layer processing

A method for processing a perovskite photoactive layer. The method comprises depositing a lead salt precursor onto a substrate to form a lead salt thin film, depositing a second salt precursor onto the lead salt thin film, annealing the substrate to form a perovskite material.

Photoelectrochemical cell and electrolyte therefor

Optoelectronic devices with organometal perovskites with mixed anions

The invention provides an optoelectronic device comprising a mixed-anion perovskite, wherein the mixed-anion perovskite comprises two or more different anions selected from halide anions and chalcogenide anions. The invention further provides a mixed-halide perovskite of the formula (I) [A][B][X] 3 (I) wherein: [A] is at least one organic cation; [B] is at least one divalent metal cation; and [X] is said two or more different halide anions. In another aspect, the invention provides the use of a mixed-anion perovskite as a sensitizer in an optoelectronic device, wherein the mixed-anion perovskite comprises two or more different anions selected from halide anions and chalcogenide anions. The invention also provides a photosensitizing material for an optoelectronic device comprising a mixed-anion perovskite wherein the mixed-anion perovskite comprises two or more different anions selected from halide anions and chalcogenide anions.

Solar cell and solar panel assembled therewith

Liquid-containing solar cell and solar panel assembled therewith

RECHARGEABLE DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL

A method of using a dye sensitized solar cell includes providing a dye sensitized solar cell having a first electrode having a transparent substrate of a first refractive index, a second electrode having a second transparent substrate of a second refractive index comparable to the first refractive index, and an electrolyte solution in a gap between the first electrode and second electrode. The electrolyte solution is removed from the gap and replaced with an inert fluid having a third refractive index comparable to the first refractive index and the second refractive index to allow light to pass through the cell substantially unrefracted. Alternatively, the inert fluid is in the gap between the first electrode and second electrode, and the inert fluid is removed from the gap and replaced with an electrolyte solution.

METHOD FOR MAKING A PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL CONTAINING A DYE

The invention pertains to a method of making a photovoltaic cell at least comprising the following layers in the following order a first electrode layer, a transparent wide band gap semiconductor layer provided with a layer of a photosensitising dye or pigment which in combination with the semiconductor layer has the ability to spatially separate photogenerated electrons from their positive countercharges, a layer of an electrolyte, a catalyst layer, and a second electrode layer. The method is characterised in that the first electrode layer and the semiconductor layer and/or the second electrode layer and the catalyst layer are deposited on a flexible temporary substrate that is removed later on. The electrode or electrodes, which are deposited on the temporary substrate, are transparent. The invention allows the roll-to-roll manufacture of said photovoltaic cell while providing great freedom in selecting the processing conditions.

DYE-SENSITIZED PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS

Provided herein are improvements to dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells that enhance the ability of those cells to operate in normal room lighting conditions. These improvements include printable, non-corrosive, nonporous hole blocking layer formulations that improve the performance of dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells under 1 sun and indoor light irradiation conditions. Also provided herein are highly stable electrolyte formulations for use in dye- sensitized photovoltaic cells. These electrolytes use high boiling solvents, and provide unexpectedly superior results compared to prior art acetonitrile-based electrolytes. Also provided herein are chemically polymerizable formulations for depositing thin composite catalytic layers for redox electrolyte-based dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells. The formulations allow R2R printing (involves coating, fast chemical polymerization, rinsing of catalytic materials with methanol) composite catalyst layers on the cathode. In situ chemical polymerization ...

PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND

A method for determining chemical oxygen demand of a water sample comprises the steps of (a) applying a constant potential bias to a photoelectrochemical cell, having a photoactive working electrode (e.g. a layer of titanium dioxide nanoparticles coated on an inert conductive substrate) and a counter electrode, and containing a supporting electrolyte solution; (b) illuminating the working electrode with a light source and recording the background photocurrent produced at the working electrode from the supporting electrolyte solution; (c) adding a water sample, to be analysed, to the photoelectrochemical cell; (d) illuminating the working electrode with a light source and recording the total photoelectrocurrent produced with the sample; (e) determining the chemical oxygen demand according to the type (exhaustive or non-exhaustive) of degradation conditions employed. An apparatus for carrying out the method is also claimed.

TITANIUM OXIDE, CONDUCTIVE TITANIUM OXIDE, AND PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING THESE

Titanium dioxide and a conductive titanium oxide which each includes particles having a large major-axis length in a large proportion and comprises columnar particles having a satisfactory particle size distribution. A titanium compound, an alkali metal compound, and an oxyphosphorus compound are heated/burned in the presence of titanium dioxide nucleus crystals having an aspect ratio of 2 or higher to grow the titanium dioxide nucleus crystals. Subsequently, a titanium compound, an alkali metal compound, and an oxyphosphorus compound are further added and heated/burned in the presence of the grown titanium dioxide nucleus crystals. Thus, titanium dioxide is produced which comprises columnar particles having a weight-average major-axis length of 7.0-15.0 µm and in which particles having a major-axis length of 10 µm or longer account for 15 wt.% or more of all the particles. A solution of a tin compound and a solution of compounds of antimony, phosphorus, etc. are added to a suspension obtained ...

DYE-SENSITIZED PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME

PEROVSKITE MATERIAL LAYER PROCESSING

A method for processing a perovskite photoactive layer. The method comprises depositing a lead salt precursor onto a substrate to form a lead salt thin film, depositing a second salt precursor onto the lead salt thin film, annealing the substrate to form a perovskite material.

TITANATE INTERFACIAL LAYERS IN PEROVSKITE MATERIAL DEVICES

Photovoltaic devices such as solar cells, hybrid solar cell-batteries, and other such devices may include an active layer disposed between two electrodes. The active layer may have perovskite material and other material such as mesoporous material, interfacial layers, thin-coat interfacial layers, and combinations thereof. The perovskite material may be photoactive. The active layer may include a titanate. The perovskite material may be disposed between two or more other materials in the photovoltaic device. Inclusion of these materials in various arrangements within an active layer of a photovoltaic device may improve device performance. Other materials may be included to further improve device performance, such as, for example: additional perovskites, and additional interfacial layers.

LOW TEMPERATURE SINTERING OF DYE-SENSITISED SOLAR CELLS

This invention relates to the field of dye-sensitised solar cells and discloses a method for reducing the temperature necessary for sintering the metal oxide paste coating the electrode.

Photovoltaic cell having at least one sheet of glass forming its surface and provided with a transparent electrically conductive coating

By virtue of conductive tracks (22) extending in contact with the coating (3) and laid in grooves in the glass sheet (1), the latter is brought to a size of at least 20 x 20 cm. The cell, preferably having a glass sheet size of at least 30 x 30 cm, is intended as a window element, wall structural element, wall cladding element or roofing element for construction engineering. ...

RUTHENIUM COMPLEX.

La presente invenzione si riferisce ad un complesso di rutenio rappresentato dalla formula (I) seguente:
RuLL´X2
(I)
in cui L, L´ e X hanno lo stesso significato definito nella descrizione. Il complesso di rutenio della presente invenzione è adatto per una cella solare sensibilizzata con colorante (DSSC) e presenta buone caratteristiche fotoelettriche.

Procedure for manufacturing a long-term-stable module of photo-electro-chemical cells.

PHOTO-ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CELL, PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING A SUCH CELL AS WELL AS USE OF THE CELL.

Cells photoelectrochimiquephotoelectrochimique regeneratrice transparente.

New hydrophobic liq. imidazolium salt

Hydrophobic liq. salts of formula (I) are new: R1,R3 = 1-8C (un)branched alkyl, fluoroalkyl, or alkoxyalkyl; R2,R4,R5 = H or 1-3C alkyl. Also claimed is: (a) the prepn. of such salts; (b) an electrolytic compsn. contg. (I) as aprotic polar solvent; and (c) an electrochemical photovoltaic cell contg. the electrolytic compsn..

Nanotubes, use of such Nanotubes as well as procedures for their production.

COMPOSED COLORING.

La presente invenzione si riferisce ad un nuovo composto colorante, rappresentato dalla seguente formula (I):in cui R1, D1, D2, X e Y hanno lo stesso significato come nella descrizione. Il composto colorante della presente invenzione è adatto per una cella solare sensibilizzata con colorante (DSSC). Inoltre, il composto colorante della presente invenzione ha un alto coefficiente di assorbimento molare, in modo che la DSSC prodotta con il composto colorante della presente invenzione possa avere buone caratteristiche fotoelettriche.

COMPOSED COLORING.

La presente invenzione si riferisce ad un nuovo composto colorante, rappresentato dalla seguente formula (I): in cui R 1 , D 1 , D 2 , X e Y hanno lo stesso significato come nella descrizione. Il composto colorante della presente invenzione è adatto per una cella solare sensibilizzata con colorante (DSSC). Inoltre, il composto colorante della presente invenzione ha un alto coefficiente di assorbimento molare, in modo che la DSSC prodotta con il composto colorante della presente invenzione possa avere buone caratteristiche fotoelettriche.

Complex of ruthenium and photoelectric member whom the same one uses.

La presente invenzione si riferisce a un complesso di rutenio e a un componente fotoelettrico che usa lo stesso, e il complesso di rutenio è rappresentato mediante la seguente formula (I): RuL 2 (NCS) 2 A m (I) in cui L, A ed m sono definiti come per la specifica. Il complesso di rutenio della presente invenzione è idoneo per una cella solare sensibilizzata con coloranti (DSSC). Pertanto, le caratteristiche fotoelettriche della DSSC prodotta con il complesso di rutenio della presente invenzione possono essere migliorate.

Solar cell with ruthenium complex.

La presente invenzione si riferisce a un componente fotoelettrico che usa un complesso di rutenio rappresentato mediante la seguente formula (I): RuL 2 (NCS) 2 Am (I) in cui L, A ed m sono definiti come per la specifica. Tale complesso di rutenio secondo la presente invenzione la è idoneo per una cella solare sensibilizzata con coloranti (DSSC). Pertanto, le caratteristiche fotoelettriche della DSSC della presente invenzione possono essere migliorate.

Complex of ruthenium and photoelectric member whom the same one uses.

La presente invenzione si riferisce a un complesso di rutenio rappresentato mediante la seguente formula (I): RuL 2 (NCS) 2 A m (I) in cui L, A ed m sono definiti come per la specifica, e a un componente fotoelettrico che usa lo stesso. Il complesso di rutenio della presente invenzione può essere usato per una cella solare sensibilizzata con coloranti (DSSC). Pertanto, le caratteristiche fotoelettriche della DSSC prodotta con il complesso di rutenio della presente invenzione possono essere migliorate.

Solar cell with ruthenium complex

La presente invenzione si riferisce a un componente fotoelettrico che usa un complesso di rutenio rappresentato mediante la seguente formula (I): RuL 2 (NCS) 2 Am (I) in cui L, A ed m sono definiti come per la specifica. Tale complesso di rutenio può essere usato per una cella solare sensibilizzata con coloranti (DSSC) della presente invenzione. Pertanto, le caratteristiche fotoelettriche della DSSC della presente invenzione possono essere migliorate.

ФОТОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ

Фотоэлектрический элемент представляет собой мембранно-электродный узел, способный пропускать свет.

PHOTOELECTRIC ELEMENT

Photoelectric conversion element

A photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is provided with: a pair of electrodes facing each other; an electrolyte disposed between the pair of electrodes; and a sealing section, which connects the pair of electrodes to each other, and is provided on the circumference of the electrolyte. The sealing section has at least one corner portion in planar view from the electrode side, and a first contact surface of the corner portion has a first curved line-included surface that includes a curved line on the electrolyte side, said first contact surface being in contact with at least one of the pair of electrodes.

Method for providing a UICC with an operator DNS IP address

A method for providing a UICC embedded in a wireless Mobile Equipment (ME) with an operator DNS IP address in a Wireless communication Network, said method comprising the following steps: - defining a specific Mobile Equipment (ME) event that the UICC may monitor, - defining a new data structure that will comprise the DNS IP address to be sent to the UICC, - registering the UICC to said event via predefined Setup Event List proactive command, - generating said specific event by said ME when a PDP context is activated between the ME and the Network, - including the DNS IP address in said new data structure, - sending said new data structure (including the DNS IP address) from the ME to the UICC via a new Envelop command when said generated event occurs.

Method of producing photoelectric conversion element, photoelectric conversion element and electronic device

The invention relates to a method of producing photoelectric conversion elements, a photoelectric conversion element and an electronic device. The method of producing photoelectric conversion elements comprises using a conductive paste on a transparent and conductive substrate to form current collection wiring when producing a porous electrode having an electrolyte layer disposed on the transparent and conductive substrate and producing photoelectric conversion elements for structures between electrodes. The conductive paste comprises silver particles and glass materials with low melting point.

Dye solar cell in the titanium dioxide micro-structure

Photoelectric transducer and its manufacturing method

RYLENE MONOIMIDE DERIVATES AND USE THEREOF AS PHOTOSENTIZERS IN SOLAR CELLS AND PHOTODETECTORS

The invention relates to compounds of the formulae Ia,Ib and Ic in which R are identical or different aryloxy, arylthio, hetaryloxy, hetarylthio, aryl, diarylamino or dialkylamino radicals, n when m is 0: 0, 1, 2 or 3, when m is 1: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, m is 0 or 1, A is -COOM, -SO3M or -PO3M, M is hydrogen, an alkali metal cation or [NR']4+, R' is hydrogen or alkyl, where the R' radicals may be the same or different, B is C1-C6-alkylene or 1,4-phenylene, where the phenylene radical may be 2 mono-or polysubstituted by alkyl, nitro, cyano and/or halogen, L is a chemical single bond or a bridge of the formula -(Het)Ar-or -(Het)Ar-(Het)Ar- which may be mono-or polysubstituted by phenyl, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio and/or -NR4R5 and in which (Het)Ar is aryl or hetaryl which may be fused to saturated or unsaturated 5-to 18-membered rings which maycomprise heteroatoms, where, in the case of two (Het)Ar, these may be the same or different, q is 0 or 1, R1, R2 are each independently radicals of the ...

Dye sensitive solar battery or sub-module, and sub-module sealing method

The present invention relates to a dye sensitive solar battery or sub-module, and a sub-module sealing method. A dye sensitive solar battery includes an upper transparent substrate and a lower transparent substrate, a conductive transparent electrode formed on each of the opposed inner surfaces of the substrates, a transition metal oxide porous layer which is adsorbed with dyes and formed on one side of the conductive transparent electrode, and a catalyst thin film electrode formed on the other side of the conductive transparent electrode, wherein edges of the upper and lower transparent substrates are sealed by a sealing material, and surfaces of the edges of the upper and lower transparent substrates have convexes or concaves protruding or recessed toward or from the opposed transparent substrates. In a method for sealing a dye sensitive solar battery sub-module including an upper transparent substrate and a lower transparent substrate, a conductive transparent electrode formed on each ...

Method for modifying surface of counter electrode and surface-modified counter electrode

Disclosed herein is a method for modifying the surface of a counter electrode. According to the method, the surface modification is achieved by treating the surface of a counter electrode with a polyethylene glycol derivative having a pendant group at one end. Also disclosed is a counter electrode whose surface is modified by the method. The electron transfer rate at the interface between the counter electrode and an electrolyte layer of a photovoltaic device is increased and the affinity of the counter electrode for the electrolyte layer is improved, resulting in an improvement in the power conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic device.

Dye for dye-sensitized solar cells, method of preparing the same, and solar cell including the dye

A dye for dye-sensitized solar cells includes an organometallic complex represented by M(L) p X 2 :(Z) q . In the organometallic complex, M is a Group 8 through Group 10 metallic element, L is a bidentate ligand, X is a co-ligand, and Z is a counter-ion. The ratio of the bidentate ligand (L) to the counter-ion (Z) is about 1.1 to about 1.4. A method of preparing an exemplary dye includes mixing the organometallic complex with tetrabutylammonium thiocyanate and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide to prepare a solution, and purifying the solution at a pH of about 3.8 to about 4.1. A dye-sensitized solar cell includes a first electrode with a light absorbing layer, a second electrode and an electrolyte between the first and second electrodes. The light absorbing layer includes the dye.

Photo electrodes

Methods of fabricating nano particulate Titanium dioxide photocatalysts onto a conducting substrate are disclosed. The methods include hydrothermal fabrications with heat treatment steps to increase the crystallinity and photoactivity of the titanium dioxide layers.

Electrolyte additive of dye-sensitized solar cell and method of making the same

An electrolyte additive is selected from N-alkyl benzimidazole derivatives and is applicable to dye-sensitized solar cells. Accordingly, the electrolyte additive can be added to electrolyte at low concentration, and loss of function due to crystallization after long-term use can be prevented; in addition, short circuit photocurrent density and solar energy-to-electricity conversion efficiency of solar cells incorporating the electrolyte additive can be increased.

Heteroleptic, dual tridentate ru(ii) complexes as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells

Photosensitizers having a formula of RuL 1 L 2 (1) are provided, wherein Ru is ruthenium; L 1 and L 2 are heterocyclic tridentate ligands. L 1 has a formula of (2), and L 2 has a formula of G 1 G 2 G 3 (3), wherein G 1 and G 3 are selected from the group consisting of formulae (4) to (7), and G 2 is selected from the group consisting of formulae (7) and (8). The above-mentioned photosensitizers are suitable to be used as sensitizers for fabrication of high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells.

Photoelectric conversion element, method of manufacutring photoelectric conversion element, electrolyte layer for photoelectric conversion element, and electronic apparatus

A photoelectric conversion element has a structure in which an electrolyte layer composed of a porous film containing an electrolyte solution is provided between a porous photoelectrode and a counter electrode.

Composition for Solid Electrolyte and Solar Cell Using the Same

A composition for a solid electrolyte includes a polymer compound (A) and a charge transfer material. The polymer compound (A) is obtained by polymerizing a monomer (a) comprising a monomer (a-2) having chelating ability. The charge transfer material is preferably a carbon material and/or a π-conjugated polymer (β). When a polymer electrolyte layer of a dye-sensitized solar cell is formed from the above solid electrolyte, efficient charge transfer and sufficient charge life can be reconciled with each other.

Photoelectric conversion device and electronic equipment

A photoelectric conversion device provided with an electron transport layer having an excellent electron transport ability and having an excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency, and electronic equipment provided with such a photoelectric conversion device and having a high reliability are provided. A solar cell, to which the photoelectric conversion device is applied, has a first electrode provided on a substrate, a second electrode arranged opposite to the first electrode and retained on a facing substrate, an electron transport layer provided between these electrodes and positioned on the side of the first electrode, a dye layer being in contact with the electron transport layer, and an electrolyte layer provided between the electron transport layer and the second electrode and being in contact with the dye layer. The electron transport layer is constituted of a monocrystalline material of multiple oxide as a main component thereof. Further, it is preferred that the monocrystalline material of multiple oxide has a layer structure in a crystal structure thereof.

Dye-sensitized solar cell, dye-sensitized solar cell module, and coating liquid for forming electrolyte layer

An object of the present invention is to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a solid electrolyte and having excellent thermostability, which has the excellent feature of retaining liquid so as to prevent an electrolyte solution from being exuded even under high temperature or pressurized conditions, and a dye-sensitized solar cell module using the same. Such dye-sensitized solar cell comprises: an electrode base material 10 ; a porous semiconductor layer 20 formed on the electrode base material 10 having a porous surface carrying a sensitized dye; a counter electrode 40 , which is disposed so as to face the porous semiconductor layer 20 ; and an electrolyte layer 30 comprising a redox pair and cationic cellulose or a derivative thereof, which is formed between the electrode base material 10 and the counter electrode 40.

Dye-sensitized solar cell, dye-sensitized solar cell module, and coating liquid for forming electrolyte layer

An object of the present invention is to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell having a solid electrolyte layer and improved durability or photoelectric conversion efficiency. A dye-sensitized solar cell 1, which comprises: a conductive base material 10; a porous semiconductor layer 20 formed on the conductive base material 10 having a porous surface carrying a sensitized dye; a counter electrode 40, which is disposed so as to face the porous semiconductor layer 20; and an electrolyte layer 30 comprising potassium iodide and a thermoplastic cellulose resin, which is formed between the conductive base material 10 and the counter electrode 40.

Solar cell

Disclosed herein is a dye-sensitized solar cell including a first substrate having a first side and a second side opposite the first side, a second substrate positioned on the second side of the first substrate, a first electrode unit positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate and disposed on the first substrate and a second electrode unit positioned between the first electrode unit and the second substrate and disposed on the second substrate. At least one of the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit may include a current collector electrode and a plurality of electrodes electrically connected to the current collector electrode. The plurality of electrodes may be positioned within an effective area and the current collector electrode may be positioned outside the effective area. A first resistance of the current collector electrode may be less than a second resistance of the plurality of electrodes.

Dye-sensitized solar cell

A dye-sensitized solar cell including: a first substrate and a second substrate positioned to face each other; a first electrode layer on the first substrate and comprising a light absorption layer; a second electrode layer on the second substrate to face the first electrode layer and comprising a catalyst layer; an electrolyte between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first reflection layer on one surface of the second substrate; and a phosphor layer on one surface of the second electrode layer, the first reflection layer, or the second substrate, wherein the first reflection layer has a photonic crystal structure in which a plurality of dielectric substances having different refractive indexes are alternately arranged.

Semiconductor electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell, method of manufacturing the same, and dye-sensitized solar cell having the same

A semiconductor electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell, a method of manufacturing the semiconductor electrode, and a dye-sensitized solar cell having the semiconductor electrode are provided which can prevent electrons from being transported to an electrolyte from the surface of the semiconductor electrode to raise photocurrent and photovoltage and to improve an energy conversion efficiency by forming a semiconductor oxide layer on a conductive substrate, forming an organic layer in a core-shell structure thereon, and adsorbing a dye on the organic layer through the use of an electrostatic attraction.

Use of rylene derivatives as photosensitizers in solar cells

Use of rylene derivatives I with the following definition of the variables: X together both —COOM; Y a radical -L-NR 1 R 2   (y1) -L-Z—R 3   (y2) the other radical hydrogen; together both hydrogen; R is optionally substituted (het)aryloxy, (het)arylthio; P is —NR 1 R 2 ; B is alkylene; optionally substituted phenylene; combinations thereof; A is —COOM; —SO 3 M; —PO 3 M 2 ; D is optionally substituted phenylene, naphthylene, pyridylene; M is hydrogen; alkali metal cation; [NR 5 ] 4 + ; L is a chemical bond; optionally indirectly bonded, optionally substituted (het)arylene radical; R 1 , R 2 are optionally substituted (cyclo)alkyl, (het)aryl; together optionally substituted ring comprising the nitrogen atom; Z is —O—; —S—; R 3 is optionally substituted alkyl, (het)aryl; R′ is hydrogen; optionally substituted (cyclo)alkyl, (het)aryl; R 5 is hydrogen; optionally substituted alkyl (het)aryl; m is 0, 1, 2; n, p m=0: 0, 2, 4 where: n+p=2, 4, if appropriate 0; m=1: 0, 2, 4 where: n+p=0, 2, 4; m=2: 0, 4, 6 where: n+p=0, 4, 6, or of mixtures thereof as photosensitizers in solar cells.

Compounds containing perfluoroalkyl-cyano-alkoxy-borate anions or perfluoroalkyl-cyano-alkoxy-fluoro-borate anions

The present invention relates to compounds containing perfluoroalkyl-cyano-alkoxy-borate anions or perfluoroalkyl-cyano-alkoxy-fluoro-borate anions, ((per)fluoro)phenyl-cyano-alkoxy-borate anions or ((per)fluoro)phenyl-cyano-alkoxy-fluoro-borate anions or phenyl-cyano-alkoxy-borate anions which are monosubstituted or disubstituted with perfluoroalkyl groups having 1 to 4 C atoms or phenyl-cyano-alkoxy-fluoro-borate anions which are monosubstituted or disubstituted with perfluoroalkyl groups having 1 to 4 C atoms, the preparation thereof and the use thereof, in particular as part of electrolyte formulations for dye sensitized solar cells.

Solar cell and solar cell module

A solar cell includes a light transmissive substrate, a supporting substrate, a photoelectric conversion part and a counter electrode disposed between the light transmissive substrate and the supporting substrate in such a manner that they are spaced from each other; an electrolyte part disposed between the light transmissive substrate and the supporting substrate while being in contact with the photoelectric conversion part and the counter electrode, and a sealing part that surrounds and seals the electrolyte part in such a manner that the electrolyte part is retained within an electrolyte disposition region. First openings that make the electrolyte part communicate with the outside are provided at least in one end part in the electrolyte disposition region, and at least one second opening that makes the electrolyte part communicate with the outside is provided in the middle part in the electrolyte disposition region. The first and second openings are sealed.

Photoelectric conversion module

A photoelectric conversion module includes a first photoelectric cell, a second photoelectric cell, the second photoelectric cell being adjacent to the first photoelectric cell, a first electrode, the first electrode corresponding to the first photoelectric cell, a second electrode, and a connecting member disposed between the first photoelectric cell and the second photoelectric cell, the connecting member electrically connecting the first electrode and the second electrode to each other, the connecting member including a first conductive bump, a second conductive bump, and a conductive connector part contacting the first and second conductive bumps.

One-dimensional metal nanostructures

Tin powder is heated in a flowing stream of an inert gas, such as argon, containing a small concentration of carbon-containing gas, at a temperature to produce metal vapor. The tin deposits as liquid on a substrate, and reacts with the carbon-containing gas to form carbon nanotubes in the liquid tin. Upon cooling and solidification, a composite of tin nanowires bearing coatings of carbon nanotubes is formed.

Process for the preparation of perfluoroalkylcyano- or perfluoroalkylcyanofluoroborates

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of salts having perfluoroalkyltricyano- or perfluoroalkylcyanofluoroborate anions, ((per)fluoro)phenyltricyano- or ((per)fluoro)phenylcyanofluoroborate anions, phenyltricyanoborate anions which are mono- or disubstituted by perfluoroalkyl groups having 1 to 4 C atoms or phenylcyanofluoroborate anions which are mono- or disubstituted by perfluoroalkyl groups having 1 to 4 C atoms, by reaction of alkali metal trifluoroperfluoroalkylborate with trialkylsilyl cyanide and a subsequent salt-exchange reaction or by direct reaction of an organic trifluoroperfluoroalkyl borate with trialkylsilyl cyanide.

Photoelectric conversion element module and architectural structure

A photoelectric conversion element module includes a first base material, a second base material, a photoelectric conversion element having a light incident side and sealing portion and arranged between the first and second base materials, an anchoring layer adapted to anchor one of main sides of a light incident side and a side opposite to the light incident side, and one of a main side of the first and second base material opposed to one of the main sides, and a covering section adapted to cover the sealing portion. The Young's modulus of the covering section is 0 MPa or more and 20 MPa or less.

Dye-sensitized solar cell and dye-sensitized solar cell module

There are particularly provided a dye-sensitized solar cell and a dye-sensitized solar cell module that can ensure a sealing structure for, in particular, external connection terminals and can prevent an electrolytic solution from leaking from a solar cell. A dye-sensitized solar cell 10 is provided with a laminated structure unit 18 including a porous semiconductor layer 12 with a dye adsorbed, a conductive metal layer 14 serving as an anode electrode and a conductor layer 16 serving as a cathode electrode. Respective one end portions of the conductive metal layer 14 and the conductor layer 16 extend from the laminated structure unit 18 to provide respective extending portions 14 a and 16 a . The whole surfaces of a first resin sheet 22 serving as a transparent substrate and a second resin sheet 24 serving as an opposite substrate are adhered and sealed. Parts of the extending portions 14 a and 16 a are exposed from openings 26 and 28 provided on the first resin sheet 22 to be formed into external connection terminals.

Method of manufacturing mesoscopic solar cells

A method of manufacturing a dye sensitised solar cell or other mesoscopic solar cell, including the steps of coating at least a portion of a surface of a substrate with an electrode film or other functional layer, and applying an isostatic pressure over the coated substrate to thereby compact the electrode film or functional layer on the substrate.

Maleimide-based compound, and tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, dye for photoelectric conversion, and semiconductor electrode, photoelectric conversion element and photoelectrochemical cell using the same

It is an object to provide a maleimide-based compound having excellent photoelectric conversion characteristics, and a tautomer or a stereoisomer thereof, a dye for photoelectric conversion, a semiconductor electrode, a photoelectric conversion element, and a photoelectrochemical cell. In order to accomplish the above-described objects, a dye for photoelectric conversion including at least one compound represented by the following general formula (1) is provided. (In the formula (1), R 1 represents a direct bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group. X represents an acidic group. D represents an organic group containing an electron-donating substituent. Z represents a linking group that has at least one hydrocarbon group selected from aromatic rings or heterocyclic rings).

Photoelectric conversion device and method for manufacturing the same

To provide a photoelectric conversion device having high conversion efficiency and a method for manufacturing the same. The photoelectric conversion device includes a working electrode that has a transparent electrode ( 2 ) and a porous metal oxide semiconductor layer ( 3 ) that is formed on a surface of the transparent electrode ( 2 ) and supported with a dye; a counter electrode ( 5 ); and an electrolyte layer ( 4 ), the hydroxyl group concentration on the surface of the oxide semiconductor layer is 0.01 groups/(nm) 2 or more and 4.0 groups/(nm) 2 or less, and the adsorbed water concentration on the surface thereof is 0.03 pieces/(nm) 2 or more and 4.0 pieces/(nm) 2 or less. The method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion device includes a first step of forming a porous metal oxide semiconductor layer ( 3 ) on a surface of a transparent electrode ( 2 ), a second step of controlling the hydroxyl group concentration on the surface of the oxide semiconductor layer to be 0.01 groups/(nm) 2 or more and 4.0 groups/(nm) 2 or less and the adsorbed water concentration on the surface to be 0.03 pieces/nm 2 or more and 4.0 pieces/(nm) 2 or less by low temperature plasma processing under an oxidizing atmosphere, and a third step of supporting a dye in the oxide semiconductor layer.

Solar cell having porous structure in which metal nanoparticles are carried in pores

The present invention intends to provide a solar cell that has, by an increase in the absorbance of light of a surface of a solar cell, a reduction in the reflectance, and so on, a high energy conversion efficiency. The problem was solved by a pn junction type semiconductor solar cell that has a porous structure on a surface thereof, characterized in that metal nanoparticles having a surface plasmon absorption are supported in pores present in the porous structure, further, by a pn junction type semiconductor solar cell in which the porous structure is formed in a photoelectric material itself in a pn junction type semiconductor solar cell, or, the porous structure is formed in a light transmission layer disposed on a surface of a pn junction type semiconductor solar cell.

Nanoporous photocatalyst having high specific surface area and high crystallinity and method for preparing the same

Disclosed is a nanoporous photocatalyst having a high specific surface area and high crystallinity and a method for preparing the same, capable of preparing nanoporous photocatalysts, which satisfy both of the high specific surface area of 350 m 2 /g to 650 m 2 /g and high crystallinity through a simple synthetic scheme, in mass production at a low price. The nanoporous catalyst having a high specific area and high crystallinity includes a plurality of nanopores having an average diameter of about 1 nm to about 3 nm. A micro-framework of the nanoporous photocatalyst has a single crystalline phase of anatase or a bicrystalline phase of anatase and brookite, and a specific surface area of the nanoporous photocatalyst is in a range of about 350 m 2 /g to 650 m 2 /g.

Solar cell

A solar cell with an electrode lead-out structure that a unitary cell to be easily mounted on and removed from a connection side substrate is provided. A solar cell 10 is configured such that a power generation electrode 11 including a transparent electrode 14, a collector electrode 18, and a power generation layer 36 formed on a translucent substrate principal surface 12 A is arranged opposite an opposite electrode 28 including a metal electrode 24 and a catalyst layer 26 both formed on a substrate principal surface 20 A so that the power generation layer 36 is sandwiched between the power generation electrode 11 and the opposite electrode 28. A through-hole 16 is formed in a substantially central portion of a substrate 12. A periphery of the through-hole 22 forms an annular exposed portion that does not overlap the opposite electrode 28. A lead-out portion (annular portion 18 A) for the collector electrode 18 is formed on the exposed portion. A through-hole 22 larger than the through-hole 16 is formed in another substrate 20. Metal thin films 24 A and 24 B formed on the substrate principal surface 20 A and 20 B are connected together via a metal thin film 24 C formed on an inner wall surface of the through-hole 22 so that the metal thin film 24 B forms a lead-out portion. Thus, a positive electrode and a negative electrode are led out in the same direction.

Di-thiazolyl-benzodiazole based sensitizers and their use in photovoltaic cell

Described herein are D-π-A type sensitizers of the formula (I) or (II) having a novel central π-conjugated unit di-thiazolyl-benzodiazole and dye-sensitized electrodes including a substrate having an electrically conductive surface, an oxide semiconductor film formed on the conductive surface, and the above sensitizer of formula (I) or (II), as specified above, supported on the film. A solar cell includes the above electrode, a counter electrode, and an electrolyte deposited there between. The sensitizers of formula (I) and (II) efficiently sensitize the semiconductor materials and show a high solar to electricity conversion efficiency.

Mesoporous titania bead and method for preparing the same

The present invention relates to a mesoporous titania bead and the preparation method thereof, wherein said mesoporous titania bead has a diameter of 200-1000 nm, specific surface area of 50-100 m 2 /g, porosity of 40-60%, pore radius of 5-20 nm, pore volume of 0.20-0.30 cm 3 /g, and the titania comprised in the bead is anatase titania.

Method of producing anode material and the anode materials thereof

The present invention provides a method of producing anode material, and the steps are as follows: TiO 2 and NaOH are in the hydrothermal reaction to generate a fibered precursor; acid pickling the fibered precursor to generate a fibered sodium hydroxo titanate (H 2 Ti 3 O 7 .5H 2 O); disposing the fibered sodium hydroxo titanate on a membrane to dry, and thus to generate a flexible sodium hydroxo titanate membrane; and the flexible sodium hydroxotitanate membrane is reacted with NH 3 flow to generate a titanium oxynitride membrane.

Dye sensitized solar cell

A dye sensitized solar cell includes a first conducting substrate, a dye layer, a first conducting layer and a second conducting substrate. The dye layer has at least one dye portion and is disposed on the first conducting substrate. The first conducting layer is disposed on the first conducting substrate and around the dye portion, and is formed into at least one hexagon. The second conducting substrate is disposed opposite to the first conducting substrate.

Counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell and manufacturing method thereof

The invention relates to a counter electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell and a manufacturing method thereof. The counter electrode comprises a conductive substrate and an acid doped polyaniline layer coated on at least one surface of the conductive substrate. The conductivity of the counter electrode is increased, the recombination probability of I 3 − and a conduction band electron is decreased, the bond strength of the acid doped polyaniline layer and the conductive substrate is enhanced, the electronic transmission rate and the conductivity of the counter electrode for the external circuit are further increased, and the production cost is reduced. The manufacturing method can simplify the production process, produce the stable performance counter electrode, increase the production efficiency, and reduce the requirement for production equipment, thus suitable for industrial production.

Fabrication of cellulose polymer composites and their application as solid electrolytes

A solid polymer electrolyte composition is made by hydrolyzing cellulose in a dissolution media to form a first mixture; then combining said first mixture with an antisolvent to form a precipitate; and then (in any order) separating said precipitate from excess antisolvent and excess dissolution media; optionally adjusting or neutralizing the pH of said precipitate; optionally washing said precipitate with water; combining said precipitate with an electrolyte salt and a hydrophilic polymer to form a wet polymer electrolyte composition; and then drying said wet polymer electrolyte composition to produce a solid polymer electrolyte composition. Solid polymer electrolyte compositions produced by the process, along with films formed therefrom and devices containing the same, are also described.

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Using Nitrogen Doped Carbon-Nano-Tube and Method for Manufacturing the Same

Provided are a dye-sensitized solar cell and a method for manufacturing the dye-sensitized solar cell using a carbon nanotube (CN) doped with nitrogen, wherein the dye-sensitized solar cell using the carbon nanotube (CN) doped with nitrogen has an improved conductivity and open circuit voltage as compared to those using the carbon nanotube (CNT) and also a high connectivity between a transparent electrode and an oxide semiconductor 1. A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising:an upper transparent substrate;a transparent electrode formed on an inner surface of the upper transparent substrate;a porous cathode electrode formed on the transparent electrode and comprising an oxide semiconductor and a dye adsorbed on a surface of the oxide semiconductor;a counter electrode formed on a lower transparent substrate as an anode electrode part corresponding to the cathode electrode; andan electrolyte filled between the cathode electrode and the counter electrode; andwherein the dye-sensitized solar cell further comprises a nitrogen doped carbon nanotube (CNx) layer between the transparent electrode and the porous cathode electrode.2. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the oxide semiconductor comprises TiO. This application is a Divisional Application of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/842,674 filed Jul. 23, 2010 and claims priority to foreign Patent Application KR 2010-0018979, filed on Mar. 3, 2010, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.The present invention relates to a dye-sensitized solar cell and a method for manufacturing the same, in which the method comprises (i) forming a carbon nanotube layer by using a nitrogen doped carbon nanotube (CN: carbon nitride nanotube), or (ii) including the a nitrogen doped carbon nanotube (CN) in an oxide semiconductor, which is composed of nano-particles, so that the dye-sensitized solar cell of the present invention has an improved connectivity between a transparent ...

TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES FOR FABRICATING PHOTO-ELECTRODE FOR EFFICIENT, LONGLASTING DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL AND FABRICATION METHOD THEREOF

It is disclosed that a photo-electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising faceted anatase-type titania nanoparticles which adequate for fabricating a photo-electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell which is efficient and longlasting and a fabrication method thereof. The titania nanoparticles can provide high photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell with help of fast electron mobility due to its high crystallinity and can reduce process time required for adsorbing the dye molecules on the surface of the titania nanoparticles. 1. A photo-electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell , comprising; faceted anatase-type titania nanoparticles having a truncated bipyramidal geometry with developed {101} crystallographic planes , wherein an adsorption rate of dye molecules is 80% or greater on the surface of the titania nanoparticles within five minutes when the dye molecules in a solution are in contact with the titania nanoparticles.2. The photo-electrode of claim 1 , wherein the specific surface area of the titania nanoparticles are 80 m/g or greater.3. The photo-electrode of claim 1 , wherein an amount of dye molecules adsorbed on the surface of the titania nanoparticles is 90% or more of an initial amount thereof when the titania nanoparticles adsorbing the dye molecules are exposed for 15 hours under a metal-halogen lamp.4. The photo-electrode of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of surface area of {101} crystallographic planes of the titania nanoparticles to that of {001} crystallographic planes is 2 or greater.5. The photo-electrode of claim 1 , wherein an infrared spectroscopic spectrum of the titania nanoparticles adsorbing cis-Bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2 claim 1 ,2′-bipyridyl-4 claim 1 ,4′-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II) dye comprises bands at 1594 cm claim 1 , 1479 cmand 1106 cm.6. The photo-electrode of claim 1 , the adsorption rate is examined by dye adsorption quantity of the titania nanoparticle 1 g within a dye solution 1 L of cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2 ...

DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL

The present invention is a dye-sensitized solar cell including a working electrode having a conductive substrate that is capable of transmitting light, and a porous oxide semiconductor layer that is provided on the conductive substrate; a counter electrode that is provided to face the porous oxide semiconductor layer of the working electrode; a photosensitizing dye that is supported in the porous oxide semiconductor layer of the working electrode; and an electrolyte that is disposed between the working electrode and the counter electrode, in which solar cell the average particle size of the entirety of the semiconductor particles that constitute the porous oxide semiconductor layer is 100 nm or less, the electrolyte contains inorganic particles and is gelled by the inorganic particles, and the reflectance of the electrolyte is higher than the reflectance of the porous oxide semiconductor layer. 1. A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising:a working electrode comprising a conductive substrate that is capable of transmitting light, and a porous oxide semiconductor layer that is provided on the conductive substrate;a counter electrode that is provided to face the porous oxide semiconductor layer of the working electrode;a photosensitizing dye that is supported in the porous oxide semiconductor layer of the working electrode; andan electrolyte that is disposed between the working electrode and the counter electrode,wherein the average particle size of the entirety of the semiconductor particles that constitute the porous oxide semiconductor layer is 100 nm or less,the electrolyte contains inorganic particles and is gelled by the inorganic particles, andthe reflectance of the electrolyte is higher than the reflectance of the porous oxide semiconductor layer.2. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the reflectance of the counter electrode is lower than the reflectance of the electrolyte.3. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein ...

Preparation Method of Low Temperature Sintering Active Electrode Paste for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell

The present invention relates to a method for preparing titanium dioxide paste for dye sensitized solar cell, and more specifically a method for preparing titanium dioxide paste fir dye sensitized solar cell, which is curable at a low temperature and is able to form a uniform coating layer and exhibits relatively high energy conversion efficiency. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing low temperature curable paste which requires no separate dye adsorption process or can improve energy conversion efficiency by adding dye or metal precursor in advance. 1. A method for preparing titanium dioxide paste , comprising the following steps of:adding titanium dioxide nanoparticle to water, alcohol, or mixed solvent thereof (Step 1);dispersing the resultant mixture with ultrasound (Step 2);adding titanium dioxide precursor to the dispersed solution (Step 3); andstirring the resultant mixture (Step 4).2. The preparation method according to claim 1 , wherein dye or metal precursor is additionally added in Step 1.3. The preparation method according to claim 2 , if dye is additionally added in Step 1 claim 2 , wherein Step 1 comprises the following steps of:preparing dye solution by dissolving dye in alcohol (Step a1);preparing mixed solution by adding water to the above solution (Step b1); andadding titanium dioxide nanoparticle to the resultant mixed solution (Step c1).4. The preparation method according to claim 2 , if metal precursor is additionally added in Step 1 claim 2 , wherein Step 1 comprises the following steps of:preparing metal precursor solution by dissolving metal precursor in alcohol (Step a2);preparing mixed solution by adding water to the above solution (Step b2); andadding titanium dioxide nanoparticle to the resultant mixed solution (Step c2).5. The preparation method according to claim 2 , wherein dye is ruthenium-based organo-metallic compound which is selected from N3 claim 2 , N749 and Z907; organic compound which is selected from ...

Dye-sensitized solar cell with nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes

A dye-sensitized solar cell comprises a metal oxide electrode, a counter electrode which faces the metal oxide electrode and an electrolyte arranged between the metal oxide electrode and the counter electrode, wherein the metal oxide electrode comprises a dye located thereon and the electrolyte comprises an electrochemical redox pair. Furthermore, between the metal oxide electrode and the counter electrode, nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) are arranged, which are in electrical contact with the counter electrode. The invention further relates to a method of obtaining electrical energy by means of dye-sensitized solar cells according to the invention and to the use of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as catalyst in the reaction of an electrochemical redox pair, in particular of the redox pair I − /I 3 − .

METAL OXIDE-ENCAPSULATED DYE-SENSITIZED PHOTOANODES FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS

Dye-sensitized semiconducting metal oxide films for photoanodes, photoanodes incorporating the films and DSCs incorporating the photoanodes are provided. Also provided are methods for making the dye sensitized semiconducting metal oxide films. The methods of making the films are based on the deposition of an encapsulating layer of a semiconducting metal oxide around the molecular anchoring groups of photosensitizing dye molecules adsorbed to a porous film of the semiconducting metal oxide. The encapsulating layer of semiconducting metal oxide is formed in such a way that it is not coated over the chromophores of the adsorbed dye molecules and, therefore, allows the dye molecules to remain electrochemically addressable. 1. A dye-sensitized semiconducting metal oxide film comprising:(a) a porous film comprising a semiconducting metal oxide, the porous film having a surface;(b) photosensitizing dye molecules adsorbed onto the surface of the porous film, the photosensitizing dye molecules comprising a chromophore and a molecular anchoring group, wherein the molecular anchoring group attaches the dye molecule to the porous film; and(c) an encapsulating layer of the semiconducting metal oxide, wherein the encapsulating layer at least partially encapsulates the molecular anchoring groups, but does not cover the chromophores.2. The film of claim 1 , wherein the encapsulating layer extends at least up to the chromophore of the photosensitizing dye molecules.3. The film of claim 1 , wherein the semiconducting metal oxide is titanium dioxide.4. The film of claim 1 , wherein the encapsulating layer completely encapsulates the molecular anchoring groups.5. The film of claim 1 , wherein the molecular anchoring groups comprise carboxylate groups.6. The film of claim 1 , wherein the molecular anchoring groups are selected from tetramethylsilane groups claim 1 , cyanoacetic acid groups claim 1 , SOH groups claim 1 , POHgroups claim 1 , acetyl-acetonate groups and hydroxamate groups. ...

Gel Electrolytes For Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

Replacing liquid electrolytes with solid or quasi-solid electrolytes facilitates the production of photovoltaic cells using continuous manufacturing processes, such as roll-to-roll or web processes, thus creating inexpensive, lightweight photovoltaic cells using flexible plastic substrates.

Boron containing perylene monoimides, a process for their production, their use as building blocks for the production of perylene monoimide derivatives, monoimide derivatives and their use in dye-sensitized solar cells

Boron-comprising perylene monoimides and a process for producing the boron-comprising perylene monoimides are provided. The boron-comprising perylene monoimides are useful as building blocks for producing perylene monoimide derivatives and monoimide derivatives. The boron-comprising perylene monoimides are also useful for preparing dye-sensitized solar cells.

Apparatus Pertaining to Solar Cells Having Nanowire Titanium Oxide Cores and Graphene Exteriors and the Co-Generation Conversion of Light into Electricity Using Such Solar Cells

An apparatus comprising a plurality of solar cells that each comprise a nanowire titanium oxide core having graphene disposed thereon. By one approach this plurality of solar cells can comprise, at least in part, a titanium foil having the plurality of solar cells disposed thereon wherein at least a majority of the solar cells are aligned substantially parallel to one another and substantially perpendicular to the titanium foil. Such a plurality of solar cells can be disposed between a source of light and another modality of solar energy conversion such that both the solar cells and the another modality of solar energy conversion generate electricity using a same source of light.

IR-ACTIVATED PHOTOELECTRIC SYSTEMS

Photoelectric systems combining a semiconductor and a phosphorescent compound with an emission spectrum of photons with energy levels equal to or greater than the activation energy of the semiconductor, wherein the phosphorescent compound is characterized by the emission spec-tram being produced by excitation of the phosphorescent compound with lower energy photons and the separation distance between the semiconductor and the phosphorescent compound is less than the distance at or above which scattering losses predominate. Methods are that embody technological applications of the photoelectric systems are also disclosed, as well as articles that embody technological applications of the photoelectric systems. 1. A photoelectric system comprising a semiconductor and a phosphorescent compound with an emission spectrum comprising photons with energy levels equal to or greater than the activation energy of said semiconductor , wherein said phosphorescent compound is characterized by said emission spectrum being produced by excitation of said phosphorescent compound with lower energy photons and the separation distance between said semiconductor and said phosphorescent compound is less than the distance at or above which scattering losses predominate.2. The photoelectric system of claim 1 , wherein said semiconductor and phosphorescent compounds are configured:(i) so that upon excitation, said phosphorescent compound emits photons with wavelengths that create electron-hole pairs in said semiconductor that react with any water, water vapor, oxygen, carbon dioxide or organic materials in contact with said semiconductor to generate free radicals and other reactive species; or(ii) for the photo-generation of an electric current.3. (canceled)4. The photoelectric system of claim 1 , wherein said lower energy photons comprise photons with an energy level of about 2.0 eV or less.5. The photoelectric system of claim 1 , wherein said phosphorescent compound is excited by IR ...

Method of forming metal oxide nanotube and dye-sensitized solar cell formed thereby

Provided are a method of forming metal oxide nanotube and a dye-sensitized solar cell formed thereby. The method may include providing a metal electrode and a counter electrode in an electrolyte containing a negatively polarized surfactant, and applying voltages to the metal electrode and the counter electrode to form a metal oxide nanotube on the metal electrode. The metal oxide nanotube may have a (001)-plane.

Substrate and electrode for solar cells and the corresponding manufacturing process

Solar cells use as substrates glass ( 23 ) coated with a transparent conductive layer ( 21 ), able to collect the electric power generated by the solar cell. This layer ( 21 ), normally a TCO, have limited conductivity, implying the use of current collector lines applied in a complex manner. The conductivity of the conductive layer ( 21 ) is increased by the application of a structure, in particular a grid, of thin conductive lines ( 22 ) inserted in grooves on the glass surface ( 23 ) or directly applied on this, followed by a TCO layer coating ( 21 ). This highly conductive grid ( 22 ) collects the electricity from the TCO layer ( 21 ) and directs it to the periphery of the cell. Both glass substrates are sealed by a process employing a precursor of glass surrounding the entire perimeter of the substrate. The glass precursor is heated to its melting point, by a laser, completely sealing the two substrates of the module.

TITANIUM OXIDE LAMINATED FILM, TITANIUM OXIDE FILM, MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR SAME, PRECURSOR LIQUID FOR TITANIUM OXIDE, AND DYE-SENSITIZED AGENT TYPE PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT

Provided is a titanium oxide laminated film that includes the titanium oxide film consisting of anatase-type plate-like crystals in which (001) faces with a high chemical activity are grown more than normal and the (001) faces are grown in a vertical or inclined direction with respect to a deposition surface of a base material, and is capable of having a specific surface area greater than that of the titanium oxide film alone. A titanium oxide laminated film () is formed by sequentially laminating, on a base material (), a first titanium oxide film () consisting of a plurality of anatase-type plate-like crystals in which (001) faces are grown in a vertical or inclined direction with respect to a deposition surface () of the base material (), and a second titanium oxide film () having a specific surface area greater than that of the first titanium oxide film () and consisting of a plurality of titanium oxide fine particles. 1. A titanium oxide laminated film comprising:a first titanium oxide film that consists of a plurality of anatase-type plate-like crystals, (001) faces of the anatase-type plate-like crystals being grown in a vertical direction or an inclined direction with respect to a deposition surface of a base material; anda second titanium oxide film that has a specific area greater than a specific surface area of the first titanium oxide film and consists of a plurality of titanium oxide fine particles,wherein the first titanium oxide film and the second titanium oxide film are sequentially laminated on the base material.2. The titanium oxide laminated film according to claim 1 , wherein an inclined angle of the anatase (001) faces of the first titanium oxide film with respect to the deposition surface is 10° or greater.3. The titanium oxide laminated film according to claim 2 , wherein the inclined angle of the anatase (001) faces of the first titanium oxide film with respect to the deposition surface is 30° or greater.4. The titanium oxide laminated film ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SURFACE-TREATED METAL TITANIUM MATERIAL OR TITANIUM ALLOY MATERIAL, AND SURFACE-TREATED MATERIAL

A material that is useful as a wear-resistant member, a highly functional photocatalytic material, a photoelectric conversion element material, etc., is produced without the need for complicated processes or complicated handling, which are problems of the prior art. Provided is a method for producing a surface-treated metallic titanium material or titanium alloy material, the method comprising the steps of (1) forming titanium nitride on the surface of a metallic titanium material, and (2) heating the metallic titanium material with titanium nitride formed on the surface thereof obtained in step (1) in an oxidizing atmosphere. Also provided is a method for producing a surface-treated metallic titanium material or titanium alloy material, the method comprising, between steps (1) and (2) above, the step of anodizing the metallic titanium material with titanium nitride formed on the surface thereof obtained in step (1) in an electrolyte solution that does not have an etching effect on titanium, thereby forming a titanium oxide film. Further provided is a surface-treated material. 1. A method for producing a surface-treated metallic titanium material or titanium alloy material used for an application selected from the group consisting of photocatalytic materials , photoelectric conversion element materials , slide-resistant materials , and wear-resistant materials , the method comprising the steps of:(1) forming titanium nitride on the surface of a metallic titanium material or a titanium alloy material by one treatment method selected from the group consisting of heat treatment under ammonia gas atmosphere and heat treatment under nitrogen gas atmosphere, at a heating temperature of 750° C. or more;(2) anodizing the metallic titanium material or titanium alloy material with the titanium nitride formed on the surface thereof obtained in step (1) by applying a voltage of 10 V or more in an electrolyte solution that does not have an etching effect on titanium, thereby ...

Photoelectric conversion device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

Provided is a photoelectric conversion device including: a support; a charge-transporting layer including an organic charge-transporting material or a sensitizing dye electrode layer including an organic sensitizing dye, where the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing dye electrode layer is disposed on the support; and a ceramic film disposed on the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing dye electrode layer.

PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE CONTAINING A DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL

An oxadiazole dye for use as an organic photosensitizer. The oxadiazole dye comprising donor-π-spacer-acceptor type portions in which at least one of an oxadiazole isomer acts as a π-conjugated bridge (spacer), a biphenyl unit acts as an electron-donating unit, a carboxyl group act as an electron acceptor group, and a cyano group acts as an anchor group. An optional thiophene group acts as part of the π-conjugated bridge (spacer). The dye for use as organic photosensitizers in a dye-sensitized solar cell and in photodynamic therapies. Computational DFT and time dependent DFT (TD-DFT) modeling techniques showing Light Harvesting Efficiency (LHE), Free Energy for Electron Injection (ΔG), Excitation Energies, and Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMOs) indicate that the series of dye comprise a more negative ΔGand a higher LHE value; resulting in a higher incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE). 113-. (canceled)15: The photovoltaic device of claim 14 , wherein the light absorbing compound of the formula (I) is an (E) isomer.16: The photovoltaic device of claim 14 , wherein the light absorbing compound of the formula (I) is a (Z) isomer.17: The photovoltaic device of claim 14 , wherein the light absorbing compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of(E)-3-(5-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid;(E)-3-(5-([1, 1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,2,3-oxadiazol-4-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid;(E)-3-(5-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid;(E)-3-(4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid;(E)-3-(5-(5-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1, 3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid;(E)-3-(5-(5-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,2,3-oxadiazol-4-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid;(E)-3-(5-(5-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid;(E)-3-(5-(4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid; and(Z)-3-(5-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2- ...

SINTERING OF DYE-SENSITISED SOLAR CELLS USING METAL PEROXIDE

This invention relates to the field of dye-sensitised solar cells and to a method for reducing the temperature necessary for sintering the metal oxide paste coating the electrode by adding a metal peroxide to the metal oxide paste coated to the electrode. 1. A method for reducing the sintering temperature of a dye sensitised solar cell , the method comprising: providing metal peroxide as a component of a metal oxide paste composition to be coated to an electrode of the cell.2. The method of for reducing the sintering temperature of dye sensitised solar cells that comprises the steps of:a) providing an electrode prepared from an electro-conducting substrate;b) preparing a colloid composition comprising at least one metal oxide, a solvent, optionally an adhesion agent and at least one binder;c) adding to the colloid composition of step b) from more than zero wt % up to 100 wt %, based on the weight of the colloid composition, of a solid metal peroxide;d) applying the composition of step c) to the electrode;e) either heating the coated electrode of step d) to a temperature of at most 300° C. for sintering the metal oxide followed by cooling to a temperature in the range from room temperature to 120° C., or heating the coated electrode of step d) to a lower temperature of at most 200° C. and then exposing this electrode with UV-visible light;f) retrieving the electrode coated with sintered metal oxide,said method being characterised in that the peroxide added in step c) undergoes decomposition initiated thermally or photo-chemically, releasing highly reactive oxygen species and metal oxide within the metal oxide film.3. The method of wherein the binder is selected from polyethylene glycol claim 1 , polyvinyl alcohol or ethyl cellulose claim 1 , preferably ethyl cellulose.4. The method of wherein the binder is added in an amount of from 20 to 40 wt % with respect to the weight of the metal oxide paste.5. The method of wherein the rate of decomposition of the metal ...

PHOTOELECTRODE AND METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME

The present invention relates to an photoelectrode and the preparation method thereof, wherein said photoelectrode comprises a substrate and a titania layer composed of a mesoporous titania bead having a diameter of 200-1000 nm, specific surface area of 50-100 m/g, porosity of 40-60%, pore radius of 5-20 nm, pore volume of 0.20-0.30 cm/g, and the titania comprised in the bead is anatase titania. 1. A method for preparing a photoelectrode , consisting of:(1) providing a transparent non-conductive plastic substrate covered by a transparent conductive film;{'sup': 2', '3, '(2) coating a mesoporous titania bead on said substrate to obtain a coated layer, in which said bead has a diameter of 200-1000 nm, specific surface area of 50-100 m/g, porosity of 40-60%, pore radius of 5-20 nm, pore volume of 0.20-0.30 cm/g, and the titania comprised in the bead is anatase titania; and'}(3) pressing the coated layer from step (2) under room temperature to obtain said photoelectrode; andoptionally, between step (1) and step (2), coating a titania nanoparticle on said substrate to obtain a titania nanoparticle layer, and said titania nanoparticle is not said mesoporous titania bead.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said transparent non-conductive substrate is a ITO claim 1 , FTO or TCO film.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said substrate is PEN or PET substrate.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said titania layer has a thickness of 5-10 μm.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said titania nanoparticle of the titania nanoparticle layer is P25 claim 1 , ST-01 claim 1 , ST-21 claim 1 , ST-31 claim 1 , TTO-55S or ST-30L.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said titania nanoparticle layer has a thickness of 3-5 μm.7. The method according to claim 1 , which is applied to manufacture a photoelectrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell. 1. Field of the InventionThe present invention relates to a photoelectrode and method for preparing the same.2. ...

Semiconducting Layer Production Process

The invention provides a process for producing a layer of a semiconductor material, wherein the process comprises: a) disposing on a substrate: i) a plurality of particles of a semiconductor material, ii) a binder, wherein the binder is a molecular compound comprising at least one metal atom or metalloid atom, and iii) a solvent; and b) removing the solvent. The invention also provides a layer of semiconductor material obtainable by this process. In a preferred embodiment, the particles of a semiconductor material comprise mesoporous particles of the semiconductor material or mesoporous single crystals of the semiconductor material. The invention provides a process for producing a compact layer of a semiconductor material, wherein the process comprises: disposing on a substrate i) a solvent, and ii) a molecular compound comprising at least one metal or metalloid atom and one or more groups of formula OR, wherein each R is the same or different and is an unsubstituted or substituted C-Chydrocarbyl group, and wherein two or more R groups may be bonded to each other; and b) removing the solvent. The invention also provides a compact layer of a semiconductor material obtainable by this process. These processes can be effectively performed at temperatures of less than 300° C. Further provided are semiconductor devices comprising either a layer of a semiconductor material or a compact layer of a semiconductor material obtainable by the processes of the invention. The invention also provides a process for producing a semiconductor device. 1. A process for producing a layer of a semiconductor material , wherein the process comprises: i) a plurality of particles of a semiconductor material,', 'ii) a binder, wherein the binder is a molecular compound comprising at least one metal atom or metalloid atom, and', 'iii) a solvent; and, 'a) disposing on a substrate'} 'wherein either the layer of a semiconductor material is a compact layer of the semiconductor material and the ...

SUBSTRATE-ELECTRODE (SE) INTERFACE ILLUMINATED PHOTOELECTRODES AND PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS

A photoelectrode for a photoelectrochemical cell is disclosed. The photoelectrode comprises a back-contact solar cell comprising emitter and collector contacts being spaced apart by first openings. The emitter and collector contacts are respectively collected in an emitter busbar and a collector busbar. The photoelectrode further comprises a contact passivation layer to separate the emitter and collector contacts from the electrolyte when in use. The contact passivation layer further comprises second openings in correspondence with the first openings. The photoelectrode further comprises a resin layer covering the openings and a portion of the contact passivation layer such that in use only charge carriers from the emitter contacts traverse the contact passivation layer in its way to the electrolyte while charge carriers from the collector contacts are collected in the collector busbar. An electrocatalyst layer is further provided covering respectively the resin layer and/or the contact passivation layer. 1. A photoelectrode for a photoelectrochemical cell , the photoelectrode extending from a front end surface to an opposing back end surface , wherein the front end surface in use is irradiated with an incident light and the back end surface in use contacts an electrolyte of the photoelectrochemical cell , wherein the photoelectrode comprises a solar cell front surface that in use constitutes the photoelectrode front end surface to be irradiated with incident light, to', 'an opposing solar cell back surface, wherein the solar cell back surface comprises emitter and collector contacts, the emitter and collector contacts being spaced apart by first openings of the solar cell back surface, the emitter and collector contacts being respectively collected in an emitter busbar and a collector busbar and, 'a back-contact solar cell extending from'} a contact passivation layer covering the solar cell back surface to separate the emitter and collector contacts from the ...

PEDOT IN PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS

The present invention relates to a process for the production of a layered body (), at least comprising the process steps: I) provision of a photoactive layer comprising a material having a perovskite type crystal structure; II) superimposing the photoactive layer at least partially with a coating composition A) comprising an electrically conductive polymer a) and an organic solvent b); III) at least partial removal of the organic solvent b) from the coating composition A) superimposed in process step II), thereby obtaining an electrically conductive layer superimposed on the photoactive layer. The present invention also relates to a layered body obtainable by this process, to dispersions, to an electronic device, to a process for the preparation of a photovoltaic device and to the photovoltaic device that is obtainable by this process. 125-. (canceled)26. A dispersion comprising:a) a salt of a cationic polythiophene with a counter-ion or a complex of a cationic polythiophene with a counter-ion;{'sup': −30', '−30, 'b) an organic solvent with a dielectric constant between 1×10and 20×10Cm;'}c) an additive selected from one of a metal nanowire, a carbon nanotube, a graphene and a crosslinking agent.27. A dispersion comprising:a) a salt of a cationic polythiophene with a counter-ion or a complex of a cationic polythiophene with a counter-ion; andb) an organic solvent;wherein the dispersion has an iron content of less than 100 ppm, based on the total weight of the dispersion.28. The dispersion according to claim 27 , wherein the dispersion has an iron content of less than 50 ppm claim 27 , based in the total weight of the dispersion.29. The dispersion according to claim 28 , wherein the dispersion has an iron content of less than 10 ppm claim 28 , based in the total weight of the dispersion.30. The dispersion according to claim 27 , wherein the organic solvent b) has a dielectric constant between 1×10and 20×10Cm.31. The dispersion according to claim 30 , wherein the ...

Photoelectric conversion element and photoelectric conversion element module

Provided is a photoelectric conversion element including a first electrode, an electron-transporting layer including a photosensitizing compound, a hole-transporting layer, and a second electrode, wherein the hole-transporting layer includes a p-type semiconductor material and a basic compound, ionization potential of the hole-transporting layer is greater than ionization potential of the p-type semiconductor material, and is less than 1.07 times the ionization potential of the p-type semiconductor material, ionization potential of the photosensitizing compound is greater than the ionization potential of the hole-transporting layer, and an acid dissociation constant (pKa) of the basic compound is 6 or greater but 10 or less.

Preparation method of fluorine-doped lamellar black titanium dioxide nano material

The method for preparing fluorine-doped lamellar black TiO 2 nanomaterials includes mixing a solution of tetra-n-butyl titanate, n-propanol and hydrofluoric acid together, and then stir the solutions for a period of time. The solution is transferred into an autoclave and reacts at a certain temperature for a period of time. The sample obtained by the reaction is washed and dried. Then, the sample is heated in a protective atmosphere for a period of time so as to produce the fluorine-doped lamellar black TiO 2 nanomaterials. This fluorine-doped lamellar black TiO 2 owns superior optical absorption and electron transport performances.

Mixed Cation Perovskite Material Devices

Photovoltaic devices such as solar cells, hybrid solar cell-batteries, and other such devices may include an active layer disposed between two electrodes. The active layer may have perovskite material and other material such as mesoporous material, interfacial layers, thin-coat interfacial layers, and combinations thereof. The perovskite material may be photoactive. The perovskite material may be disposed between two or more other materials in the photovoltaic device. Inclusion of these materials in various arrangements within an active layer of a photovoltaic device may improve device performance. Other materials may be included to further improve device performance, such as, for example: additional perovskites, and additional interfacial layers. 130-. (canceled)31. A photovoltaic device comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode; andan active layer disposed at least partially between the first and second electrodes, the active layer comprising an interfacial layer, and a perovskite material layer, wherein the perovskite material has the formula CMX3 and the perovskite material layer is disposed adjacent to and in contact with the interfacial layer;wherein C comprises guanidinium and one or more cations each selected from the group consisting of Group 1 metals, Group 2 metals, an alkylammonium, formamidinium, and imidazolium;wherein M comprises one or more metals each selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Sn, Pb, Bi, Ge, Ti, Zn, and combinations thereof; andwherein X comprises one or more anions each selected from the group consisting of halides, pseudohalides, sulfides, selenides, and combinations thereof.321. The photovoltaic device of claim , wherein C comprises guanidinium and methyl ammonium.331. The photovoltaic device of claim , wherein C comprises guanidinium and formamidinium.341. The photovoltaic device of claim , wherein C comprises guanidinium and imidazolium.351. The photovoltaic device of claim , wherein C comprises guanidinium , ...

CRYSTAL GROWTH CONTROL AGENT, METHOD FOR FORMING p-TYPE SEMICONDUCTOR MICROPARTICLES OR p-TYPE SEMICONDUCTOR MICROPARTICLE FILM, COMPOSITION FOR FORMING HOLE TRANSPORT LAYER, AND SOLAR CELL

First, there is provided a crystal growth control agent which is capable of suppressing an increase in a crystal size of a p-type semiconductor, and performing chemical modification on a surface of p-type semiconductor microparticle. Second, there is provided a composition for forming a hole transport layer which is capable of prompting crystallization and fine pulverization of the p-type semiconductor and performing the chemical modification on the surface of the p-type semiconductor microparticle even in the case where an organic salt (an ionic liquid) containing an anion other than the thiocyanate ion is used. According to the present invention, the crystal growth control agent contains at least one of sulfur-containing compounds (except for thiocyanate) selected from the group consisting of a compound, which generates a thiolate anion due to dissociation of a proton or a cation, and a disulfide compound, and controls crystal growth of a p-type semiconductor.

Perovskite solar cell

A perovskite solar cell includes: a first electrode; an electron transport layer on the first electrode, containing a semiconductor; a porous layer on the electron transport layer, containing a porous material; a light-absorbing layer on the porous layer, containing a first compound and a second compound different from the first compound, the first compound having a perovskite structure represented by a compositional formula ABX3 where A represents a monovalent cation, B represents a divalent cation, and X represents a halogen anion, the second compound containing the divalent cation; and a second electrode on the light-absorbing layer. A ratio of a number of moles of the monovalent cation in the light-absorbing layer to a number of moles of the divalent cation in the light-absorbing layer is 0.5 or more and 0.9 or less.

SOLAR CELL INCLUDING COMPOUND HAVING PEROVSKITE STRUCTURE

A solar cell includes a first electrode; a light-absorbing layer, on the first electrode, containing a first compound and a second compound different from the first compound, the first compound having a perovskite structure represented by a compositional formula ABX3 where A represents a monovalent cation, B represents a divalent cation, and X represents a halogen anion, the second compound containing the divalent cation; and a second electrode on the light-absorbing layer. The light-absorbing layer satisfies 0.05≦[A]/[B]≦0.99, where [A] is a number of moles of the monovalent cation in the light-absorbing layer, and [B] is a number of moles of the divalent cation in the light-absorbing layer. 1. A solar cell comprising:a first electrode;{'sub': '3', 'a light-absorbing layer, on the first electrode, containing a first compound and a second compound different from the first compound, the first compound having a perovskite structure represented by a compositional formula ABXwhere A represents a monovalent cation, B represents a divalent cation, and X represents a halogen anion, the second compound containing the divalent cation; and'}a second electrode on the light-absorbing layer, wherein [{'br': None, 'i': 'A]/[B]≦', '0.05≦[0.99\u2003\u2003(1)'}, 'where [A] is a number of moles of the monovalent cation in the light-absorbing layer, and [B] is a number of moles of the divalent cation in the light-absorbing layer., 'the light-absorbing layer satisfies'}2. The solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the monovalent cation comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a methylammonium cation and a formamidinium cation.3. The solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the divalent cation comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of Pb claim 1 , Ge claim 1 , and Sn.4. The solar cell according to claim 1 , further comprising an electron transport layer between the first electrode and the light-absorbing layer.5. The solar cell according to ...

MULTI-LAYER MESOPOROUS COATINGS FOR CONDUCTIVE SURFACES, AND METHODS OF PREPARING THEREOF

Provided herein is a method of coating a conductive surface with a multi-layer mesoporous structure, by coating a conductive surface with a first photocatalytic dispersion to form a first layer over the conductive surface, curing or partially curing the first layer at temperatures of less than 400° C. to form a porous structure, and coating the porous first layer with the one or more additional photocatalytic dispersions to form one or more additional layers that can penetrate or partially penetrate the pores of the structure in the first layer. The first photocatalytic dispersion includes photocatalytic particles, polymeric binder and a dispersion medium. The one or more additional photocatalytic dispersions include photocatalytic particles and a dispersion medium. 1. A method of coating a conductive surface with a multi-layer mesoporous structure , comprising:combining a plurality of first photocatalytic particles, binder and a first dispersion medium to form a first photocatalytic dispersion;coating a conductive surface with the first photocatalytic dispersion to form a first layer over the conductive surface;curing or partially curing the first layer at a temperature of less than 200° C. to form a porous first layer;combining a plurality of second photocatalytic particles and a second dispersion medium to form a second photocatalytic dispersion; andcoating the porous first layer with the second photocatalytic dispersion to form a second layer over the porous first layer, wherein the formation of second layer over the porous first layer produces a conductive surface coated with a multi-layer mesoporous structure.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the amount of first photocatalytic particles to the amount of binder present in the first photocatalytic dispersion claim 1 , expressed as pigment volume concentration claim 1 , is 0.36 to 0.65.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conductive surface is an indium tin oxide surface or a fluorinated tin oxide ...

SILICON DIOXIDE SOLAR CELL

A silicon dioxide solar cell includes first and second substrates having electrical conductivity, the first and second substrates being arranged so that conductive surfaces of the first and second substrates are facing each other, the first substrate being a transparent substrate on a light incident side to which a light is irradiated; a silicon dioxide layer consisting essentially of silicon dioxide particles which is formed on an electrode disposed on the second substrate such that the silicon dioxide layer has a photovoltaic ability absorbing an infrared light; and an electrolyte disposed between said first and second substrate. The space between the silicon dioxide layer and the first substrate on the light incident side is filled with the electrolyte, and the silicon dioxide solar cell is configured to generate electricity from the silicon dioxide particles of the silicon dioxide layer and output the electricity via the electrode. 2. The silicon dioxide solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon dioxide particles have the particle diameter of 500 nm or less.3. The silicon dioxide solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon dioxide particles are treated with halogen acid.4. The silicon dioxide solar cell according to claim 3 , wherein the halogen acid is hydrofluoric acid.5. The silicon dioxide solar cell according to claim 3 , wherein the halogen acid is hydrochloric acid.6. The silicon dioxide solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon dioxide layer consisting essentially of the silicon dioxide particles selected from the group consisting of synthetic quartz particles claim 1 , fused quartz glass particles claim 1 , non-alkali glass particles claim 1 , borosilicate glass particles claim 1 , and soda-lime glass particles7. The silicon dioxide solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein a porous titanium dioxide sintered material is disposed on the first substrate on the light incident side.8. The silicon dioxide solar cell ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL HAVING LIGHT ABSORPTION INCREASE MEANS AND THE SOLAR CELL

A dye-sensitized solar cell is provided. The solar cell includes a transparent substrate; a conductive transparent electrode formed on a surface of the transparent substrate; a metal oxide particle electrode layer in which a photosensitive dye capable of absorbing light is adsorbed; a counter electrode, and an electrolyte injected between the metal oxide particle electrode layer and the counter electrode. The metal oxide particle electrode layer comprises a first electrode layer comprising metal oxide particles and having a predetermined pattern formed thereon and a second electrode layer comprising metal oxide particles and formed on the first electrode layer. Refractive indexes of the first and second electrode layers are different from each other. 1. A method of manufacturing a dye-sensitized solar cell , comprising steps of:providing a transparent substrate;forming a conductive transparent electrode on a surface of the transparent substrate;forming an electrode layer capable of adsorbing a photosensitive dye, wherein a first electrode layer comprising metal oxide particles is formed on the transparent electrode and is imprinted using a mold having a predetermined pattern to thus form a pattern corresponding to the pattern of the mold on the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer comprising metal oxide particles is formed on the first electrode layer having the pattern to thus form the electrode layer comprising the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, refractive indexes of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer being made to be different;dipping the substrate into a solution comprising a photosensitive dye capable of absorbing light, thereby adsorbing the dye in the electrode layer, andinjecting a liquid electrolyte between the electrode layer and a counter electrode.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pattern of the mold is a regular pattern having a periodicity.3. The method according to claim 1 , ...

DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS INCLUDING CARBON NANOTUBE YARNS

A dye-sensitized solar cell is provided. The dye-sensitized solar cell includes a working electrode which includes a plurality of twisted carbon nanotube yarns. The dye-sensitized solar cell also includes a hybrid sensitizer. The hybrid sensitizer includes a nanoporous titanium oxide layer coated on the plurality of twisted carbon nanotube yarns, a microporous titanium oxide layer coated onto the nanoporous titanium oxide layer, and dye particles and quantum dots disposed in the pores of the microporous titanium oxide layer. In addition, the dye-sensitized solar cell includes a conducting electrode which includes at least one carbon nanotube yarn disposed about the hybrid sensitizer. The dye-sensitized solar cell also includes a solid state electrolyte disposed about the hybrid sensitizer. 1. A dye-sensitized solar cell , comprising:a working electrode comprising a plurality of twisted carbon nanotube yarns; a nanoporous titanium oxide layer coated on the plurality of twisted carbon nanotube yarns,', 'a microporous titanium oxide layer coated onto the nanoporous titanium oxide layer, and', 'dye particles and quantum dots disposed in the pores of the microporous titanium oxide layer;', 'a conducting electrode comprising at least one carbon nanotube yarn disposed about the hybrid sensitizer; and, 'a hybrid sensitizer which comprisesa solid state electrolyte disposed about the hybrid sensitizer.2. The dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the quantum dots comprise CeS and CdSe.3. The dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the solid state electrolyte comprises iodide solid electrolyte.4. The dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the dye particles comprise N719 dye.5. The dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of twisted carbon nanotube yarns forms a braided structure.6. The dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the dye-sensitized solar cell is in the form of flexible wire.7. A woven fabric which comprises two or ...

SOLAR CELL EMPLOYING PHOSPHORESCENT MATERIALS

A solar cell device having a solid state light absorber region that incorporates a donor-acceptor particle structure. The particle structure includes acceptor particles that generate a flow of electrons in the solid state light absorber region in response to absorbed photons; and donor particles comprising a phosphorescent material, wherein each donor particle is coupled to a group of acceptor particles, and wherein the phosphorescent material absorbs high energy photons and emits lower energy photons that are absorbed by the acceptor particles. 1. A solar cell device , comprising: acceptor particles adsorbed on an inert nanoparticles current collector, which results in a flow of electrons in the solid state light absorber region in response to absorbed photons; and', 'donor panicles comprising a phosphorescent material, wherein each donor particle is coupled to a group of acceptor particles, and wherein the phosphorescent material absorbs high energy photons and emits lower energy photons that are absorbed by the acceptor particles., 'a solid state light absorber region that includes a donor-acceptor particle structure having2. The solar cell device of claim 1 , wherein the acceptor particles comprise an absorber adsorbed on an inert TiOnanoparticles current collector.3. The solar cell device of claim 1 , wherein the donor particles includes a coating that provides a spacer between each donor particle and group of acceptor particles.4. The solar cell device of claim 3 , wherein the spacer comprises TiO.5. The solar cell device of claim 1 , wherein an emission spectrum of the donor particles overlaps with an absorption spectrum of the acceptor particles.6. The solar cell device of claim 1 , wherein the solid state light absorber region forms claim 1 , an electrode.7. The solar cell device of that comprises a device selected from a group consisting of: a dye sensitive solar cell claim 1 , a quantum dot solar cell claim 1 , a polymer solar cell claim 1 , and a thin ...

TITANIUM OXIDE AEROGEL COMPOSITES

The invention relates to titanium oxide aerogels, in particular to titanium oxide binary or ternary (e.g. titanium oxide-carbon) aerogel monoliths possessing ordered meso- and macroporosity. The porous scaffold can be made with or without addition of binders and/or surfactants. The aerogel obtained by this method has a specific surface area greater than 60 m2/g and porosity larger than 60%. The surface area ranges from 60 to 300 m2/g. The porosity can reach as high as 99.6%. The size of the titanium oxide crystals are between 5 nm and 100 nm. The aerogel contains 100% titanium oxide. The composite (binary or ternary) aerogel can be prepared by adding at least 10% carbon in the form of (carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon microfibers, exfoliated graphene, cellulose fibers, polymer fibers, metallic and metal oxide nano and microfibers etc.). The aerogel can be prepared with a predeterminable shape. It can be shaped in a mold having a shape of a cylinder, cube, sheet or sphere. The aerogel can be also transformed into a supported or self-standing film with a thickness. The material can be used as a self-cleaning filter e.g. in a solar-thermal water and air purification system, in mesoscopic solar cells e.g. dye sensitized solar cells, multifunctional filler in polymer composites, in ceramics, in metals, thermoelectric material to convert (waste) heat into electricity, heat insulation material and electrode material in lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors. 1. Titanium oxide aerogel made of at least 90% titanium oxide and showing a porosity of at least 90%.2. Aerogel according to with a porosity between 90% and 99.6%.3. Aerogel according to made of 100% of titanium oxide.4. Aerogel according to made of at least 90% titanium oxide claim 1 , showing a porosity of at least 60% claim 1 , having a specific surface area greater than 60 m/g and a porosity greater than 60% claim 1 , said aerogel being obtained according to a process including a step where a ...

PEROVSKITE AND OTHER SOLAR CELL MATERIALS

Photovoltaic devices such as solar cells, hybrid solar cell-batteries, and other such devices may include an active layer disposed between two electrodes, the active layer having perovskite material and other material such as mesoporous material, interfacial layers, thin-coat interfacial layers, and combinations thereof. The perovskite material may be photoactive. The perovskite material may be disposed between two or more other materials in the photovoltaic device. Inclusion of these materials in various arrangements within an active layer of a photovoltaic device may improve device performance. Other materials may be included to further improve device performance, such as, for example: additional perovskites, and additional interfacial layers. 130-. (canceled)31. A photovoltaic device comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode comprising carbon; photoactive material comprising a perovskite material; and', 'an interfacial layer comprising NiO; and, 'an active layer disposed at least partially between the first and second electrodes, the active layer comprisingwherein the second electrode is disposed adjoining the perovskite material.32. The photovoltaic device of claim 31 , wherein the carbon comprises carbon allotropes selected from the group consisting of graphite claim 31 , graphene claim 31 , fullerenes claim 31 , carbon nanotubes claim 31 , and combinations thereof.33. The photovoltaic device of claim 31 , wherein the perovskite material has the formula CMX claim 31 , wherein C comprises one or more cations each selected from the group consisting of Group 1 metals claim 31 , Group 2 metals claim 31 , organic cations claim 31 , and combinations thereof;wherein M comprises one or more metals each selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Sn, Pb, Bi, Ge, Ti, Zn, and combinations thereof; andwherein X comprises one or more anions each selected from the group consisting of halides, group 16 anions, and combinations thereof.34. The photovoltaic ...

Mixed Cation Perovskite Material Devices

Photovoltaic devices such as solar cells, hybrid solar cell-batteries, and other such devices may include an active layer disposed between two electrodes. The active layer may have perovskite material and other material such as mesoporous material, interfacial layers, thin-coat interfacial layers, and combinations thereof. The perovskite material may be photoactive. The perovskite material may be disposed between two or more other materials in the photovoltaic device. Inclusion of these materials in various arrangements within an active layer of a photovoltaic device may improve device performance. Other materials may be included to further improve device performance, such as, for example: additional perovskites, and additional interfacial layers. 130-. (canceled)31. A photovoltaic device comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode; and{'sub': '3', 'claim-text': wherein C comprises guanidinium and one or more cations each selected from the group consisting of Group 1 metals, Group 2 metals, methylammonium, formamidinium, ethene tetramine, and imidazolium;', 'wherein M comprises one or more metals each selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Sn, Pb, Bi, Ge, Ti, Zn, and combinations thereof; and', 'wherein X comprises one or more anions each selected from the group consisting of halides, sulfide, selenide, and combinations thereof., 'an active layer disposed at least partially between the first and second electrodes, the active layer comprising an interfacial layer, and a perovskite material layer, wherein the perovskite material has the formula CMXand the perovskite material layer is disposed adjacent to and in contact with the interfacial layer;'}32. The photovoltaic device of claim 31 , wherein C comprises guanidinium and methylammonium.33. The photovoltaic device of claim 31 , wherein C comprises guanidinium and formamidinium.34. The photovoltaic device of claim 31 , wherein C comprises guanidinium and ethene tetramine.35. The photovoltaic device ...

WATER SPLITTING METHOD AND SYSTEM

An electrode is presented for use in an oxidation process. The electrode comprises a substrate having an electrically conductive surface carrying a chiral system. The chiral system is configured for controlling spin of electrons transferred between the substrate and electrolyte during the oxidation process. 1. An electrode for use in an oxidation process comprising a substrate having an electrically conductive surface carrying a chiral system , wherein said chiral system is configured for controlling the spin of electrons transferred between the substrate and electrolyte.2. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein said chiral system comprises at least one of organic and inorganic matter having chiral properties.3. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein said chiral system comprises at least one of chiral molecules and chiral polymer.4. (canceled)5. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein said chiral system is configured as a single- or multi-layer structure.6. The electrode of claim 5 , wherein said chiral system comprises a self-assembled monolayer of the chiral molecules.7. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein said chiral system includes at least one of the following: oligopeptides claim 1 , amino acids claim 1 , DNA claim 1 , helicenes claim 1 , and chiral conductive polymer.8. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein said chiral system is either chemically bound to said surface of the substrate or physically adsorbed on it.9. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein said substrate is made of at least one metal or semiconductor.10. The electrode of claim 1 , configured as a photoabsorber.11. The electrode of claim 10 , wherein said substrate is configured as a photoabsorber.12. The electrode of claim 10 , further comprising at least one layer of photoabsorber carried by the substrate.13. The electrode of claim 10 , wherein said chiral system comprises at least one layer of photoabsorber having chiral properties.14. The electrode of claim 10 , comprising photoabsorbing nanoparticles bound to ...

Mesoporous Single Crystal Semiconductors

The invention provides a process for producing a mesoporous single crystal of a semiconductor, wherein the shortest external dimension of said single crystal, measured along any of the crystallographic principal axes of said single crystal, is x, wherein x is equal to or greater than 50 nm, which process comprises growing a single crystal of a semiconductor within a mesoporous template material until said shortest external dimension of the single crystal is equal to or greater than x. Further provided is a mesoporous single crystal obtainable by the process of the invention. The invention also provides a mesoporous single crystal of a semiconductor, wherein the shortest external dimension of said single crystal measured along any of the principal axes of said single crystal is equal to or greater than 50 nm. Further provided is a composition comprising a plurality of mesoporous single crystals of the invention. The invention also provides a semiconducting layer of a mesoporous single crystal of the invention. Further provided is a semiconducting device comprising one or more mesoporous single crystals of the invention. The device may for instance be a photovoltaic device, a photodiode, a solar cell, a photo detector, a light-sensitive transistor, a phototransistor, a solid-state triode, a battery electrode, a light-emitting device or a light-emitting diode. The invention also provides the use of a mesoporous single crystal of the invention as a semiconducting material in a semiconducting device. 2. A process according to wherein the volume of said single crystal is y claim 1 , wherein y is equal to or greater than 1.25×10nm claim 1 , and wherein the process comprises growing said single crystal within the mesoporous template material until the volume of said single crystal is y.3. A process according to or wherein the mesoporous template material comprises a mesoporous inorganic material or a mesoporous carbon-based material.4. A process according to any one of to ...

FIBER-OPTIC INTEGRATED MEMBRANE REACTOR

A reactor for water splitting or water treatment includes a first electrode, a second electrode electrically coupled to the first electrode, and a proton exchange membrane separating the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode includes a first optical fiber coated with a photocatalytic material. 117-. (canceled)18. A reactor comprising: a first electrode layer comprising a multiplicity of first electrodes positioned between a first proton exchange membrane layer and a second proton exchange membrane layer, wherein each of the first electrodes comprises an optical fiber coated with an electrically conductive, photocatalytic material;', 'a second electrode layer comprising a multiplicity of second electrodes positioned between a third proton exchange membrane layer and a fourth proton exchange membrane layer, wherein each of the second electrodes comprises an optical fiber coated with an electrically conductive, photocatalytic material; and', 'a third electrode layer positioned between and electrically coupled to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, wherein the third electrode layer is a flexible electrically conductive material., 'a flexible assembly comprising19. (canceled)20. (canceled)21. The reactor of claim 18 , wherein the flexible assembly is in the form of a sheet.22. The reactor of claim 21 , wherein the flexible assembly is wound around a porous conduit.23. The reactor of claim 22 , wherein the porous conduit has a first end and a second end.24. The reactor of claim 23 , further comprising a water inlet claim 23 , wherein the water inlet is configured to direct water toward the first end of the porous conduit.25. The reactor of claim 24 , further comprising a water outlet claim 24 , wherein the reactor is configured to allow water to flow from the first end of the porous conduit toward the second end of the conduit via gravity.26. The reactor of claim 18 , further comprising a light source coupled to each of the ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING SOLAR PAINT AT ROOM TEMPERATURE FOR DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS FOR WINDOW PANES AND FLEXIBLE SUBSTRATES

The present invention discloses a room temperature process for the fabrication of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Particularly, the invention discloses a room temperature process for preparing easily curable, binder free titania based solar paint that gives a high conversion efficiency to be used in fabrication of DSSCs at room temperature. 1. A room temperature process for the preparation of easily curable , binder free titania nanoparticle based solar paint useful for fabricating dye sensitized solar cell at room temperature in the range of 20 to 40° C. and the said process comprising the steps of:a. preparing a paste of titania in a mixture of t-butyl alcohol and water, wherein the ratio of t-butyl alcohol to titania ranges from 1:0.1 to 10:1 followed by stirring at room temperature in the range of 20 to 40° C. for period in the range of 5-6 hours and maintaining the pH at 2 using an acid;b. applying the paste obtained in step (a) onto a substrate at room temperature in the range of 20 to 40° C. by known technique to obtain films of a thickness in the range of 10 to 12 μm; andc. soaking the film of step (b) in ethanolic solution of dye to obtain dye sensitized TiO2 photoanode.2. The room temperature process according to claim 1 , wherein dye used is selected form Ruthenium-based N719 dye claim 1 , Ruthenium-based N3 dye claim 1 , black dye or organic dye.3. The room temperature process according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate is hard or flexible substrate selected from FTO/glass substrates claim 1 , Indium tin oxide coated poly ethylene terpthalate (ITO/PET) claim 1 , glass window panes claim 1 , polymer or plastic sheets with conducting overlayers and metal ribbons.4. The room temperature process according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of t-butyl alcohol to Titania in the paste. is selected from the group consisting of 2:1 claim 1 , 4:1 or 6:1.5. The room temperature process according to claim 1 , wherein the acid used is a mineral acid.6. A dye- ...

DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR TEXTILES AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Provided is a dye-sensitized solar cell, including: an electrode assembly comprising a plurality of photoelectrodes and counter electrodes aligned in a satin weave structure with the photoelectrodes and counter electrodes as warps and wefts, respectively; an electrolyte layer adsorbed to the electrode assembly; and an upper film and a lower film for sealing the electrode assembly at the top and bottom. The dye-sensitized solar cell uses an electrode assembly including as plurality of photoelectrodes having various colored organic dyes adsorbed thereto and counter electrodes. Thus, it is possible for the dye-sensitized solar cell to realize a panchromatic effect by which a broad range of visible rays is absorbed to improve luminance efficiency. 1. A dye-sensitized solar cell , comprising:an electrode assembly comprising a plurality of photoelectrodes and counter electrodes aligned in a satin weave structure with the photoelectrodes and counter electrodes as warps and wefts, respectively;an electrolyte layer adsorbed to the electrode assembly; andan upper film and a lower film for sealing the electrode assembly at the top and bottom thereof.2. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the photoelectrode comprises:a central metal wire core material;a conductive layer comprising nanorods on the surface of the metal wire core material; andan organic dye layer adsorbed to the conductive layer.3. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 2 , wherein the conductive layer comprises any one selected from zinc oxide (ZnO) claim 2 , titanium dioxide (TiO) and cesium carbonate (CsCO) claim 2 , or a combination thereof.4. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the satin weave structure is any one selected from a 5-harness satin weave structure in which one counter electrode crosses five photoelectrodes claim 1 , 8-harness satin weave structure in which one counter electrode crosses eight photoelectrodes claim 1 , 10-harness satin ...

TITANIUM OXIDE PASTE

The present invention aims to provide a titanium oxide paste which is excellent in printability and which allows for production of a porous titanium oxide layer having a high porosity with a small amount of impurities on the surface thereof even by low-temperature firing, a method of producing a porous titanium oxide laminate using the titanium oxide paste, and a dye-sensitized solar cell. 1. A titanium oxide paste comprising:titanium oxide particles; a (meth)acrylic resin; and an organic solvent,the (meth)acrylic resin being polyisobutyl methacrylate,the paste having a viscosity of 15 to 50 Pa·s and a thixotropic ratio of 2 or greater, anda dried mass obtained by heating the paste at a temperature-increasing rate of 10° C./min from 25° C. to 300° C. in an atmospheric environment containing 1% by weight or less of the (meth)acrylic resin and the organic solvent.2. (canceled)3. The titanium oxide paste according to claim 1 ,wherein the organic solvent has a boiling point of 100° C. to 300° C.4. A method of producing a porous titanium oxide laminate claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'printing the titanium oxide paste according to on a base to form a titanium oxide paste layer on the base; and'}firing the titanium oxide paste layer to thereby sinter the titanium oxide particles to form a porous titanium oxide layer on the base.5. A dye-sensitized solar cell claim 1 , comprising{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00004', 'claim 4'}, 'a porous titanium oxide laminate produced by the method according to .'}6. A method of producing a porous titanium oxide laminate claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00003', 'claim 3'}, 'printing the titanium oxide paste according to on a base to form a titanium oxide paste layer on the base; and'}firing the titanium oxide paste layer to thereby sinter the titanium oxide particles to form a porous titanium oxide layer on the base. The present invention relates to a titanium oxide paste which is ...

SOLAR CELL DEVICE

A photovoltaic cell including: (a) a housing including an at least partially transparent cell wall having an interior surface; (b) an electrolyte, containing an iodide based species; (c) a transparent electrically conductive coating disposed on the interior surface; (d) an anode disposed on the conductive coating, the anode including: (i) a porous film containing titania, the porous film adapted to make intimate contact with the iodide based species, and (ii) a dye, absorbed on a surface of the porous film, the dye and the porous film adapted to convert photons to electrons; (e) a cathode disposed on an interior surface of the housing; (f) electrically-conductive metallic wires, disposed within the cell, and electrically contacting the anode and the coating, and (g) a second electrically conductive coating including an inorganic binder and an inorganic electrically conductive filler, the second coating bridging between each of the wires and the transparent coating. 1. A photovoltaic dye cell for converting a light source into an electrical current , the cell comprising:(a) a housing for the photovoltaic cell, said housing including an at least partially transparent cell wall, said cell wall having a first interior surface and a second interior surface;(b) an electrolyte, disposed within said cell wall, between said surfaces;(c) an at least partially transparent, first electrically conductive coating, disposed on said first interior surface, within the photovoltaic cell;(d) an at least partially transparent, second electrically conductive coating, disposed on said second interior surface, within the photovoltaic cell; (i) a porous film, and', '(ii) a dye, absorbed on a surface of said porous film, said dye, said electrolyte, and said porous film adapted to convert photons to electrons;, '(d) an anode disposed on said first electrically conductive coating, said anode including(e) a cathode disposed within said housing, said cathode disposed substantially opposite said ...

Compounds from Anisomeles Heyneana

The present invention describes use of compounds of formula 1 or 2 or their compositions for the treatment of leukemia and use of compound of formula 1 or its composition for treatment of infections caused due to M. tuberculosis. The invention further discloses use of compound of formula 3 for the conversion of solar energy into electric current in dye sensitized solar cells. Also, the present invention discloses a process of extraction of compounds of formula 1 or 2 or 3 from the extract of aerial parts of Anisomeles heyneana

HERMETICALLY SEALED GLASS PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE

In various embodiments, photovoltaic modules include a first glass sheet, a photovoltaic device disposed on the first glass sheet, a second glass sheet, and a layer of melted glass. The second glass sheet is disposed over and in contact with at least a portion of the photovoltaic device. The first glass sheet and the second glass sheet have a gap therebetween spanned, over only a portion of an area of the gap, by the photovoltaic device. The layer of melted glass powder seals the gap between the first and second glass sheets at an edge region proximate an edge of at least one of the first or second glass sheets. 1. A photovoltaic module comprising:a first glass sheet;a photovoltaic device disposed on the first glass sheet;a second glass sheet disposed over and in contact with at least a portion of the photovoltaic device, the first glass sheet and the second glass sheet having a gap therebetween spanned, over only a portion of an area of the gap, by the photovoltaic device; anda layer of melted glass powder sealing the gap between the first and second glass sheets at an edge region proximate an edge of at least one of the first or second glass sheets so as to hermetically seal the photovoltaic device.2. The photovoltaic module of claim 1 , wherein the photovoltaic device comprises an active region comprising one or more p-n or p-i-n junctions.3. The photovoltaic module of claim 2 , wherein the photovoltaic module comprises at least one of (i) a first substrate layer disposed between the active region and the first glass sheet or (ii) a second substrate layer disposed between the active region and the second glass sheet.4. The photovoltaic module of claim 3 , wherein at least one of the first or second substrate layers comprises a metal foil or a polymer layer.5. The photovoltaic module of claim 1 , further comprising a conductive bus ribbon electrically coupled to the photovoltaic device and extending out from the first and second glass sheets in contact with the ...

DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL ELEMENT

A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) element includes at least one DSC, and the DSC includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an oxide semiconductor layer provided on the first electrode. The oxide semiconductor layer includes a light absorbing layer provided on the first electrode and a reflecting layer as a layer contacting a portion of a first surface of a side opposite to the first electrode among surfaces of the light absorbing layer and being arranged at a position farthest from the first electrode. The first surface of the light absorbing layer includes a second surface contacting the reflecting layer, and a surface area Sof the first surface and a surface area Sof the second surface satisfy the following formula: 1. A dye-sensitized solar cell element comprising at least one dye-sensitized solar cell ,wherein the dye-sensitized solar cell includes:a first electrode;a second electrode which faces the first electrode; andan oxide semiconductor layer which is provided on the first electrode,wherein the oxide semiconductor layer includes:a light absorbing layer which is provided on the first electrode; anda reflecting layer as a layer which is in contact with a portion of a first surface of a side opposite to the first electrode among surfaces of the light absorbing layer and which is arranged at a position farthest from the first electrode,wherein the first surface of the light absorbing layer includes a second surface which is in contact with the reflecting layer,{'sub': 1', '2, 'claim-text': {'br': None, 'i': ≦S', '/S, 'sub': 2', '1, '0.7<1'}, 'wherein a surface area Sof the first surface and a surface area Sof the second surface satisfy the following formulaand wherein the reflecting layer is arranged in an inner side of the first surface of the light absorbing layer.2. The dye-sensitized solar cell element according to claim 1 , wherein the surface area Sof the first surface and the surface area Sof the second surface ...

Semiconductor elements and method for manufacturing the same

The present embodiments provide a semiconductor element comprising a first electrode, an active layer, a second electrode comprising a homogeneous metal layer, and further a barrier layer comprising a transparent metal oxide. The barrier layer is placed between the active layer and the second electrode. The present embodiments also provide a method for manufacturing said semiconductor element.

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT AND IMAGING DEVICE

A photoelectric conversion element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first electrode including a plurality of electrodes independent from each other; a second electrode disposed to be opposed to the first electrode; a photoelectric conversion layer including a quantum dot; and a semiconductor layer including an oxide semiconductor material. The photoelectric conversion layer is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode. The semiconductor layer is provided between the first electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer. A conduction band of the photoelectric conversion layer has an energy level equal to or higher than an energy level of a conduction band of the semiconductor layer. 1. A photoelectric conversion element comprising:a first electrode including a plurality of electrodes independent from each other;a second electrode disposed to be opposed to the first electrode;a photoelectric conversion layer including a semiconductor nanoparticle, the photoelectric conversion layer being provided between the first electrode and the second electrode; anda semiconductor layer including an oxide semiconductor material, the semiconductor layer being provided between the first electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer, whereina conduction band of the photoelectric conversion layer has an energy level equal to or higher than an energy level of a conduction band of the semiconductor layer.2. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , wherein the energy level of the conduction band of the photoelectric conversion layer and the energy level of the conduction band of the semiconductor layer have a difference of 0 eV or more and 0.2 eV or less.3. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , wherein the energy level of the conduction band of the photoelectric conversion layer is equal to the energy level of the conduction band of the semiconductor layer.4. The photoelectric conversion ...

MIXED ORGANIC-INORGANIC PEROVSKITE FORMULATIONS

A formulation for use in the preferential formation of thin films of a perovskite material AMXwith a certain required crystalline structure, wherein said formulation comprises two or more compounds which between them comprise one or more first organic cations A; one or more metal cations M; one or more second cations A′; one or more first anions X and one or more second anions X′. 152-. (canceled)53. A method of producing a photovoltaic device comprising a photoactive material , which photoactive material comprises a perovskite of general formula (I):{'br': None, 'sup': '3', 'AMX\u2003\u2003(I)'}wherein A is one or more monovalent cations, M is one or more divalent metal cations, and X is one or more halide anions, the method comprising: the one or more monovalent cations A;', 'the one or more divalent metal cations M;', 'the one or more halide anions X;', 'one or more further monovalent cations A′; and', 'one or more further halide anions X′;', {'sub': '3', 'wherein the one or more further monovalent cations A′ and the one or more further halide anions X′ are selected to form one or more A′X′-containing compounds which are able to be fully separated from the AMXmaterial at a temperature of less than 200° C.;'}], 'forming a precursor solution by dissolving in a solvent system the formulation comprising two or more compounds which between them comprisedisposing/depositing a layer of the precursor solution; andremoving at a temperature of less than 200° C. the solvent system and the more volatile A′X′ compounds to produce a solid layer of the perovskite material.54. A method according to claim 53 , wherein the layer of the precursor solution is disposed on a first region claim 53 , the first region comprising any of:an n-type region comprising at least one n-type layer; anda p-type region comprising at least one p-type layer.55. A method according to claim 54 , and further comprising:disposing a second region above the solid layer of the perovskite material.56. A ...

DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL

Provided is a dye-sensitized solar cell that includes: a light-transmissive tubular container; a collector electrode provided on an inner surface of the tubular container, the collector electrode being a transparent conductive film, in which the collector electrode has first electric conductivity; a photoelectrode provided on an inner surface side of the collector electrode, the photoelectrode being a semiconductor layer that supports a sensitizing dye; a counter electrode opposed to the photoelectrode; an electrolytic solution filled inside the tubular container; and a strip conducting section provided on one of the inner surface and an outer surface of the collector electrode, and extending in an axial direction of the tubular container. The strip conducting section has a second electric conductivity that greater than the first electric conductivity. 1. A dye-sensitized solar cell , comprising:a light-transmissive tubular container;a collector electrode provided on an inner surface of the tubular container, and the collector electrode being a transparent conductive film, the collector electrode having a first electric conductivity;a photoelectrode provided on an inner surface side of the collector electrode, the photoelectrode being a semiconductor layer that supports a sensitizing dye;a counter electrode opposed to the photoelectrode;an electrolytic solution filled inside the tubular container; anda strip conducting section provided on one of the inner surface and an outer surface of the collector electrode, and extending in an axial direction of the tubular container, the strip conducting section having a second electric conductivity that is greater than the first electric conductivity.2. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 , further comprising linear conducting sections each having a third electric conductivity that is greater than the first electric conductivity and extending in a circumferential direction of the tubular container claim 1 , the ...

PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELL AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Provided is a perovskite solar cell including a substrate, a lower transparent electrode provided on the substrate, an upper transparent electrode provided on the lower transparent electrode, and a light absorption layer interposed between the lower transparent electrode and the upper transparent electrode, wherein the light absorption layer includes a perovskite material, and at least one of the lower transparent electrode or the upper transparent electrode includes a first color implementation layer, an intermediate layer, and a second color implementation layer, which are sequentially stacked, the first color implementation layer and the second color implementation layer each being a metal oxide layer containing a dopant. 1. A perovskite solar cell comprising:a substrate;a lower transparent electrode provided on the substrate;an upper transparent electrode provided on the lower transparent electrode; anda light absorption layer interposed between the lower transparent electrode and the upper transparent electrode;wherein the light absorption layer includes a perovskite material, andat least one of the lower transparent electrode or the upper transparent electrode includes a first color implementation layer, an intermediate layer, and a second color implementation layer, which are sequentially stacked,the first color implementation layer and the second color implementation layer each being a metal oxide layer containing a dopant.2. The perovskite solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate layer contains silver (Ag) claim 1 , gold (Au) claim 1 , aluminum (Al) claim 1 , copper (Cu) claim 1 , titanium (Ti) claim 1 , platinum (Pt) claim 1 , tungsten (W) claim 1 , nickel (Ni) claim 1 , and/or titanium nitride (TiN).3. The perovskite solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the dopant contains boron (B) claim 1 , aluminum (Al) claim 1 , gallium (Ga) claim 1 , indium (In) claim 1 , a lanthanide element claim 1 , and/or titanium (Ti).4. The perovskite solar cell of claim 1 , ...

Photoelectric conversion device and electronic equipment

A photoelectric conversion device provided with an electron transport layer having an excellent electron transport ability and having an excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency, and electronic equipment provided with such a photoelectric conversion device and having a high reliability are provided. A solar cell, to which the photoelectric conversion device is applied, has a first electrode provided on a substrate, a second electrode arranged opposite to the first electrode and retained on a facing substrate, an electron transport layer provided between these electrodes and positioned on the side of the first electrode, a dye layer being in contact with the electron transport layer, and an electrolyte layer provided between the electron transport layer and the second electrode and being in contact with the dye layer. The electron transport layer includes particles of sodium trititanate.

SOLAR CELL EMPLOYING PHOSPHORESCENT MATERIALS

A solar cell device having a solid state light absorber region that incorporates a donor-acceptor particle structure. The particle structure includes acceptor particles that generate a flow of electrons in the solid state light absorber region in response to absorbed photons; and donor particles comprising a phosphorescent material, wherein each donor particle is coupled to a group of acceptor particles, and wherein the phosphorescent material absorbs high energy photons and emits lower energy photons that are absorbed by the acceptor particles. 1. A solar cell device , comprising:{'claim-text': ['acceptor particles adsorbed on an inert nanoparticles current collector, which results in a flow of electrons in the solid state light absorber region in response to absorbed photons; and', 'donor particles comprising a phosphorescent material, wherein each donor particle is coupled to a group of acceptor particles, and wherein the phosphorescent material absorbs high energy photons and emits lower energy photons that are absorbed by the acceptor particles.'], '#text': 'a solid state light absorber region that includes a donor-acceptor particle structure having:'}2. The solar cell device of claim 1 , wherein the acceptor particles comprise an absorber adsorbed on an inert TiOnanoparticles current collector.3. The solar cell device of claim 1 , wherein the donor particles includes a coating that provides a spacer between each donor particle and group of acceptor particles.4. The solar cell device of claim 3 , wherein the space comprises TiO.5. The solar cell device of claim 1 , wherein an emission spectrum of the donor particles overlaps with an absorption spectrum of the acceptor particles.6. The solar cell device of claim 1 , wherein the solid state light absorber region forms an electrode.7. The solar cell device of that comprises a device selected from a group consisting of: a dye sensitive solar cell claim 1 , a quantum dot solar cell claim 1 , a polymer solar cell ...

SELF-ASSEMBLED ORGANIC MONOLAYER HYBRID MATERIALS AND METHODS THEREOF

Self-assembled monolayer hybrid materials having a modified carboxylic acid deposited from the gas-phase onto a metal oxide substrate, methods of using targeted α-carbon modified carboxylic acids to rapidly deposit activated organic molecules into a self-assembled monolayer on metal oxide substrates, and the self-assembled monolayer hybrid materials capable of being used in various industries, such as optoelectronics and separation science. 1. A method of forming a self-assembled monolayer hybrid material , the method comprising:providing an inorganic oxide substrate in a reaction chamber, the inorganic oxide material having at least one surface;providing a reactant in the reaction chamber, the reactant comprising at least one α-carbon modified carboxylic acid having an electron withdrawing functional group on the α-carbon to the carboxylate;heating the inorganic oxide substrate and the reactant in the chamber to a temperature to allow evaporation or sublimation of the reactant into a gas-phase; anddepositing the reactant in the gas-phase onto at least a portion of the at least one surface of the inorganic oxide substrate for a period of time to form a self-assembled monolayer of the reactant covalently bound to the portion of the at least one surface of the inorganic oxide substrate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactant is provided as a liquid claim 1 , solid claim 1 , solution or suspension.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electron withdrawing functional group on the α-carbon to the carboxylate is a nitrile.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the period of time of depositing the reactant in the gas-phase onto the at least one surface of the inorganic oxide substrate to form the self-assembled monolayer of the reactant covalently bound to the at least one surface of the inorganic oxide substrate is between about 10 minutes and about 45 minutes.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the period of time of depositing the reactant in the gas-phase onto the ...

Dye-sensitized optoelectronic memory

Structures for an optoelectronic memory and related fabrication methods. A metal oxide layer is located on an interlayer dielectric layer. A layer composed of a donor/acceptor dye is positioned on a portion of the first layer.

MESOPOROUS TITANIA BEAD AND METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME

The present invention relates to a mesoporous titania bead and the preparation method thereof, wherein said mesoporous titania bead has a diameter of 200-1000 nm, specific surface area of 50-100 m/g, porosity of 40-60%, pore radius of 5-20 nm, pore volume of 0.20-0.30 cm/g, and the titania comprised in the bead is anatase titania. 1. A mesoporous titania bead prepared by a process comprising:(1) adding a steric agent and a titanium-containing precursor into ethanol to proceed sol-gel reaction and give a sol-gel product, wherein the molar ratio of said steric agent:said titanium-containing precursor:ethanol is 0.1-1:1:200-300; and(2) heating said sol-gel product in water at 120-200° C. for 1-24 hours to obtain a mesoporous titania bead.2. The mesoporous titania bead according to claim 1 , which has a diameter of 200-1000 nm claim 1 , specific surface area of 50-100 m/g claim 1 , porosity of 0-60% claim 1 , pore radius of 5-30 nm claim 1 , pore volume of 0.20-0.30 cm/g claim 1 , and the titania comprised in the bead is anatase titania.3. The mesoporous titania bead according to claim 1 , which is used for manufacturing a cell.4. A mesoporous titania bead having a diameter of 200-1000 nm claim 1 , specific surface area of 50-100 m/g claim 1 , porosity of 40-60% claim 1 , pore radius of 5-20 nm claim 1 , pore volume of 0.20-0.30 cm/g claim 1 , and the titania comprised in the bead is anatase titania.5. The mesoporous titania bead according to claim 4 , which is used for manufacturing a cell. 1. Field of the InventionThe present invention relates to a mesoporous titania bead and the preparation method thereof2. Description of the Related ArtAfter industrial revolution, fossil fuel consumptions grew dramatically accompanying with the development of science, and resulted in fossil fuel exhaustion and environmental damages. For sustainable survival, the development of renewable and alternative energy was the ultimate goal of the world. In all alternative energies, solar ...

TITANIUM DIOXIDE PASTE, POROUS SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODE SUBSTRATE, PHOTOELECTRODE, AND DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL

Provided is a titanium dioxide paste that can form a porous semiconductor layer having excellent close adherence with a conductive substrate. The titanium dioxide paste contains titanium dioxide nanoparticles and water, and has a pH of not lower than 2.6 and not higher than 3.5. 1. A titanium dioxide paste comprising titanium dioxide nanoparticles and water , and having a pH of not lower than 2.6 and not higher than 3.5.2. The titanium dioxide paste according to claim 1 , wherein a curve indicating a frequency distribution obtained through particle size distribution measurement claim 1 , by mass claim 1 , of the titanium dioxide nanoparticles has at least two peaks.3. The titanium dioxide paste according to claim 2 , wherein the at least two peaks include a fine particle peak having a peak top at a particle diameter of not less than 10 nm and not more than 40 nm and a coarse particle peak having a peak top at a particle diameter of not less than 60 nm and not more than 200 nm.4. The titanium dioxide paste according to claim 3 , wherein a ratio of frequency at the peak top of the coarse particle peak relative to frequency at the peak top of the fine particle peak is more than 1/3.5. The titanium dioxide paste according to claim 1 , having a solid content concentration of not less than 45 mass % and not more than 55 mass %.6. The titanium dioxide paste according to claim 1 , having a viscosity at 25° C. of not less than 10 Pa·s and not more than 24 Pa·s.7. The titanium dioxide paste according to claim 1 , not substantially comprising a binder.8. A porous semiconductor electrode substrate comprising: a conductive substrate; and a porous semiconductor layer formed by applying the titanium dioxide paste according to onto the conductive substrate and drying the titanium dioxide paste that has been applied.9. A photoelectrode comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00008', '#text': 'claim 8'}, '#text': 'the porous semiconductor electrode substrate according to ; and'}a ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL SOLAR CELLS

Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for implementing and fabricating electrochemical solar cells including dye-sensitized and perovskite-sensitized solar cells. In one aspect, a dye-sensitized solar cell device includes a cathode including a metal mesh structure that is optically transmissive and electrically conductive, an anode including a metal base layer that is optically opaque and electrically conductive, one or more layers of a semiconductive oxide coupled to the anode, the one or more layers of the semiconductive oxide including nanostructures having a photosensitive dye material coating, in which the anode generates photoelectric energy based on absorption of light by the photosensitive dye material, and an electrolyte of a substantially transparent substance and formed between the cathode and the one or more layers of a semiconductive oxide. 1. A dye-sensitized solar cell device , comprising:a cathode including a metal mesh structure that is optically transmissive and electrically conductive;an anode including a metal base layer that is optically opaque and electrically conductive;one or more layers of a semiconductive oxide coupled to the anode, the one or more layers of the semiconductive oxide including nanostructures having a photosensitive dye material coating, wherein the anode generates photoelectric energy based on absorption of light by the photosensitive dye material; andan electrolyte of a substantially transparent substance and formed between the cathode and the one or more layers of a semiconductive oxide.2. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the anode is configured to provide back-illumination of the light transmitted through the optically transmissive cathode and the transparent electrolyte.3. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the semiconductive oxide includes nanoparticles or nanotubes formed of at least one of titanium dioxide (TiO) claim 1 , zinc oxide (ZnO) claim 1 , tin dioxide (SnO) claim 1 , zirconium dioxide (ZrO) claim 1 , ...

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT

The techniques disclosed here feature a photoelectric conversion element. The photoelectric conversion element comprises a photoanode, a counter electrode, and an electrolytic medium located between the photoanode and the counter electrode. The photoanode includes a porous semiconductor layer and dye molecules located on the porous semiconductor layer. The porous semiconductor layer includes a light-scattering layer. The electrolytic medium contains a redox reagent. The light-scattering layer includes macropores having a pore diameter of 50 nm or more. The macropores having an arithmetic mean pore diameter of 0.5 μm or more and 10 μm or less. The redox reagent has a maximum molar absorption coefficient ε of 3000 L·cm·molor less within wavelengths of 380 nm to 800 nm. 1. A photoelectric conversion element , comprising:a photoanode including a porous semiconductor layer and dye molecules located on the porous semiconductor layer, the porous semiconductor layer including a light-scattering layer;a counter electrode; andan electrolytic medium located between the photoanode and the counter electrode, the electrolytic medium containing a redox reagent, wherein:the light-scattering layer has macropores having a pore diameter of 50 nm or more, the macropores having an arithmetic mean pore diameter of 0.5 μm or more and 10 μm or less; and{'sup': −1', '−1, 'the redox reagent has a maximum molar absorption coefficient ε of 3000 L·cm·molor less within wavelengths of 380 nm to 800 nm.'}2. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , whereina part of the electrolytic medium is present in the macropores.3. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , whereinat least two of the macropores are connected to each other.4. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , whereinat least one of the macropores has an opening in a surface of the light-scattering layer.5. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , whereinthe light- ...

DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL HAVING HIGH PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION EFFICIENCY

Provided is a dye-sensitized solar cell having high conversion efficiency. The dye-sensitized solar cell is a dye-sensitized solar cell in which a photoelectrode and a counter electrode are disposed opposite to each other via an electrolyte layer; (1) the photoelectrode comprising a titanium material, a blocking layer formed on the titanium material, and a porous titanium oxide layer containing a dye sensitizing agent formed on the blocking layer; and (2) the counter electrode comprising a transparent conductive glass or transparent conductive film coated with an electrochemical-reduction catalyst layer. 1. A dye-sensitized solar cell in which a photoelectrode and a counter electrode are disposed opposite to each other via an electrolyte layer;(1) the photoelectrode comprising a titanium material, a blocking layer formed on the titanium material, and a porous titanium oxide layer containing a dye sensitizing agent formed on the blocking layer, and(2) the counter electrode comprising a transparent conductive glass or transparent conductive film coated with an electrochemical-reduction catalyst layer;wherein the blocking layer comprises at least two layers selected from the group consisting of a layer of titanium oxide, a layer of aluminium oxide, a layer of silicon oxide, a layer of zirconium oxide, a layer of strontium titanate, a layer of magnesium oxide, and a layer of niobium oxide, anda layer of aluminium oxide is always formed on the titanium material of the blocking layer.2. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the titanium material is a material selected from the group consisting of metal titanium claim 1 , titanium alloys claim 1 , surface-treated metal titanium claim 1 , and surface-treated titanium alloys.3. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical-reduction catalyst layer is a platinum catalyst layer.4. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the blocking layer comprises ...

TITANIUM OXIDE CRYSTAL BODY AND POWER STORAGE DEVICE ELECTRODE INCLUDING TITANIUM OXIDE CRYSTALLINE BODY

Provided are novel titanium oxide crystalline body and applications which do not need a conductive aid or minimize the conductive aid. A novel titanium oxide crystalline body has a magneli phase a on a part of a surface. A titanium oxide forming a crystalline body is titanium oxide represented by the general formula that is TiO, and a titanium oxide compound represented by the general or that is MTiO. M indicates a metal. The magneli phase a is a titanium oxide represented by the general formula that is TiO(where 3≦n≦10). This titanium oxide crystalline body also has the characteristics of the magneli phase a without deteriorating the characteristics of base material that is the titanium oxide. 1. A titanium oxide crystalline body comprising a magneli phase on a part of a crystalline surface of a titanium oxide.2. The titanium oxide crystalline body according to claim 1 , wherein the titanium oxide is lithium titanate represented by a general formula of LiTiO.3. The titanium oxide crystalline body according to claim 2 , wherein the titanium oxide is spinel type lithium titanate represented by LiTiO.4. The titanium oxide crystalline body according to claim 1 , wherein the magneli phase is a titanium oxide represented by a general formula of TiO claim 1 , where 3≦n≦10.5. The titanium oxide crystalline body according to claim 4 , wherein the magneli phase is TiO.6. The titanium oxide crystalline body according to claim 1 , formed in a flat plate shape claim 1 , and having the magneli phase on an edge surface of a facet surface.7. The titanium oxide crystalline body according to claim 1 , having a length of equal to or greater than 5 and equal to or shorter than 100 nm.8. An electrode for a power storage device comprising the titanium oxide crystalline body according to .9. The titanium oxide crystalline body according to claim 2 , wherein the magneli phase is a titanium oxide represented by a general formula of TiO claim 2 , where 3≦n≦10.10. The titanium oxide ...

POROUS SEMICONDUCTOR LAYER, PASTE FOR POROUS SEMICONDUCTOR LAYER, AND DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL

A porous semiconductor layer contains anatase-type titanium oxide particles (A) which have an average primary particle size of 1 nm to 70 nm, and particles (B) obtained by coating surfaces of rutile-type titanium oxide particles, which have an average primary particle size of 100 nm to 1,000 nm, with an insulating material. 1. A porous semiconductor layer comprising:(A) anatase-type titanium oxide particles which have an average primary particle size of 1 nm to 70 nm; and(B) particles obtained by coating surfaces of rutile-type titanium oxide particles, which have an average primary particle size of 100 nm to 1,000 nm, with an insulating material.2. The porous semiconductor layer according to claim 1 ,wherein the insulating material is one or more kinds of compound selected from a silicon compound, a magnesium compound, an aluminum compound, a zirconium compound, and a calcium compound.3. The porous semiconductor layer according to claim 1 ,wherein an amount of the insulating material with which the particles (B) are coated is 2% by mass to 30% by mass.4. The porous semiconductor layer according to claim 1 ,wherein an amount of the particles (B) contained in the porous semiconductor layer is 1% by mass to 50% by mass.5. A paste for a porous semiconductor layer claim 1 , comprising:(a) anatase-type titanium oxide particles which have an average primary particle size of 1 nm to 30 nm; and(B) particles obtained by coating surfaces of rutile-type titanium oxide particles, which have an average primary particle size of 100 nm to 1,000 nm, with an insulating material.6. A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the porous semiconductor layer according to . This invention relates to a porous semiconductor layer used in a dye-sensitized solar cell, a paste for the porous semiconductor layer, and a dye-sensitized solar cell using a porous semiconductor layer.As an energy source substituting fossil fuels, a solar cell using sunlight is drawing attention and being studied in ...

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT

To provide a photoelectric conversion element, including a first substrate, a first transparent electrode disposed on the first substrate, a hole-blocking layer disposed on the first transparent electrode, an electron-transporting layer that is disposed on the hole-blocking layer and includes an electron-transporting semiconductor on a surface of which a photosensitizing compound is adsorbed, a hole-transporting layer that is connected to the electron-transporting layer and includes a hole-transporting material, and a second electrode disposed on the hole-transporting layer, wherein the photoelectric conversion element includes an output extraction terminal part configured to extract electricity out from the photoelectric conversion element, and the output extraction terminal part is formed with a plurality of micropores piercing through the hole-blocking layer. 1. A photoelectric conversion element comprising:a first substrate;a first transparent electrode disposed on the first substrate;a hole-blocking layer disposed on the first transparent electrode;an electron-transporting layer that is disposed on the hole-blocking layer and includesan electron-transporting semiconductor on a surface of which a photosensitizing compound is adsorbed;a hole-transporting layer that is connected to the electron-transporting layer and includes a hole-transporting material; anda second electrode disposed on the hole-transporting layer,wherein the photoelectric conversion element includes an output extraction terminal part configured to extract electricity out from the photoelectric conversion element, and the output extraction terminal part is formed with a plurality of micropores piercing through the hole-blocking layer.2. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 ,wherein an output extraction terminal part configured to extract electricity out from the photoelectric conversion element, and a series cell-connection part configured to connect the second electrode to ...

Dye-sensitized solar cell and method of manufacturing the same

Disclosed is a dye-sensitized solar cell which includes a conductive substrate, a counter substrate facing the conductive substrate, an electrolyte disposed between the conductive substrate and the counter substrate, and an annular sealing portion surrounding the electrolyte together with the conductive substrate and the counter substrate and connecting the conductive substrate and the counter substrate. The sealing portion has an inorganic sealing portion fixed to the conductive substrate and a resin sealing portion fixed to the counter substrate. The inorganic sealing portion has a main body portion provided on the conductive substrate and a protruding portion extending from the main body portion toward a side opposite to the conductive substrate, and the resin sealing portion has an adhesive portion adhering the main body portion to the counter substrate and adhered to a side surface along an extending direction of the protruding portion.

Molecular Assemblies and Multilayer Films for Photocurrent and Catalysis

Some embodiments of the present invention provide an assembly for harvesting light, comprising a first molecule joined to a second molecule through mutual coordination to an ion, and the first molecule is linked to a metal oxide surface having a high surface area. Such assemblies can form multilayer films, in other embodiments. The assemblies and multilayer films can harvest light to do useful chemistry, such as in a dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell, or can convert the harvested light into electricity, such as in a dye-sensitized solar cell.

HOLLOW NANOPARTICLES WITH HYBRID DOUBLE LAYERS

The present invention discloses the morphology of hollow, double-shelled submicrometer particles generated through a rapid aerosol-based process. The inner shell is an essentially hydrophobic carbon layer of nanoscale dimension (5-20 nm), and the outer shell is a hydrophilic silica layer of approximately 5-40 nm, with the shell thickness being a function of the particle size. The particles are synthesized by exploiting concepts of salt bridging to lock in a surfactant (CTAB) and carbon precursors together with iron species in the interior of a droplet. This deliberate negation of surfactant templating allows a silica shell to form extremely rapidly, sealing in the organic species in the particle interior. Subsequent pyrolysis results in a buildup of internal pressure, forcing carbonaceous species against the silica wall to form an inner shell of carbon. The incorporation of magnetic iron oxide into the shells opens up applications in external stimuli-responsive nanomaterials. 1182-. (canceled)183. A method of forming a plurality of particles , each particle having a hollow core , a layer surrounding the hollow core , wherein the layer comprises a species derived from an organic precursor from the group consisting of monosaccharides and polysaccharides , a shell surrounding the layer , wherein the shell comprises a ceramic , and a plurality of metal oxide nanoparticles located within the shell or between the shell and layer , comprising the steps of:a) providing a solution comprising a ceramic precursor, an organic precursor from the group consisting of monosaccharides and polysaccharides, a metal salt, and a templating surfactant;b) atomizing the solution into aerosol droplets;c) heating the aerosol droplets to form a plurality of particles, each particle having a shell comprising a ceramic derived from the ceramic precursor and a core containing the organic precursor, metal salt, and templating surfactant; andd) conducting pyrolysis of the plurality of particles, ...

POROUS STRUCTURE BODY AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

A functional material having excellent photocatalytic activity, electric characteristics and the like is provided. A porous structure body comprises a first target material and an aggregate body formed by aggregation of the first material. The aggregate body adheres to the first target material and is located so as to surround the first target material. The aggregate body has a plurality of first pores unevenly distributed near the first target material in the aggregate body and a plurality of second pores scattered over the aggregate body. 1. A porous structure body comprising: a first target material; and an aggregate body formed by aggregation of a second target material , the aggregate body adhering to the first target material and being located so as to surround the first target material , whereinthe aggregate body has a plurality of first pores unevenly distributed near the first target material in the aggregate body and a plurality of second pores scattered over the aggregate body.2. The porous structure body according to claim 1 , wherein the first target material is a carbon material selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes claim 1 , carbon nanohorns claim 1 , graphene sheets claim 1 , fullerenes claim 1 , and graphite.3. The porous structure body according to claim 1 , wherein the second target material is titanium oxide or zinc oxide.4. The porous structure body according to of claim 1 , further comprising a material put in the first pores and different from the second target material.5. The porous structure body according to claim 4 , wherein the material is nanoparticles of a metal selected from the group consisting of iron oxide claim 4 , nickel claim 4 , cobalt claim 4 , manganese claim 4 , phosphorus claim 4 , uranium claim 4 , beryllium claim 4 , aluminum claim 4 , cadmium sulfide claim 4 , palladium claim 4 , chromium claim 4 , copper claim 4 , silver claim 4 , a gallium complex claim 4 , platinum cobalt claim 4 , silicon oxide claim ...

HYBRID FERROELECTRIC DISCOTIC LIQUID CRYSTAL SOLAR CELL

The present invention provides a hybrid ferroelectric discotic liquid crystal solar cell by incorporating an electrolyte composition for improving power conversion efficiency of the solar cell. The hybrid ferroelectric (FE) discotic liquid crystal solar cell comprises a first layer of n-type inorganic semiconductor deposited on conductive fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass plate a second thin layer of light absorbing inorganic sensitizer wherein the inorganic sensitizer strained titania FTO glass-plate acts as a photo anode, a third layer of ferroelectric discotic liquid crystal electrolyte applied between the photo anode and a photo cathode and a fourth layer of reflective platinum deposited FTO glass-plate configured to act as the photo cathode. The ferroelectric discotic liquid crystal electrolyte composition comprises of an achiral HAT6 discotic molecule (2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexakis-hexyloxy triphenylene) and at least two additives, wherein the additives includes tertiary butyl pyridine (t-bPy) and lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide Li[CF3SO2]2N. 1. A ferroelectric discotic liquid crystal electrolyte composition for improving power conversion efficiency of a ferroelectric solar cell , wherein the composition comprising of:an achiral HAT6 discotic molecule (2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexakis-hexyloxy triphenylene) andtwo additives, wherein the additives includes tertiary butyl pyridine (t-bPy) and lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide Li[CF3SO2]2N.2. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition includes 10 mg of achiral HAT6 discotic molecule (2 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,6 claim 1 ,7 claim 1 ,10 claim 1 ,11-Hexakis-hexyloxy Triphenylene) claim 1 , 0.1 ml of tertiary butyl pyridine (t-bPy) and 3 mg of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide Li[CF3SO2]2N.3. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ferroelectric discotic liquid crystal electrolyte composition is volatile solvent free and iodine free.4. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , ...

TITANIUM OXIDE PARTICLES, TITANIUM OXIDE PARTICLE PRODUCTION METHOD, POWER STORAGE DEVICE ELECTRODE INCLUDING TITANIUM OXIDE PARTICLES, AND POWER STORAGE DEVICE PROVIDED WITH ELECTRODE INCLUDING TITANIUM OXIDE PARTICLES

Provided are novel titanium oxide particles, production method thereof, and applications which do not need a conductive aid or minimize the conductive aid. Novel titanium oxide particles employ a three-dimensional network structure in which multiple crystallites are coupled in sequence, and a magneli phase is formed on the surface of the crystallites The crystallites are oriented at random, coupled with each other via pinacoid or end surface, and laminated as the three-dimensional network structure. A large number of spaces in nano size is present in the titanium oxide particles a grain boundary of the bonding interface is eliminated between the crystallites while a large number of pores is present. 1. A titanium oxide particles comprising:a three-dimensional network structure having crystallites of titanium oxide coupled in sequence, wherein a magneli phase is formed on surfaces of the crystallites.2. The titanium oxide particles according to claim 1 , wherein the titanium oxide is lithium titanate represented by a general formula of LiTiO.3. The titanium oxide particles according to claim 2 , wherein the titanium oxide is spinel type lithium titanate represented by LiTiO.4. The titanium oxide particles according to claim 1 , wherein the magneli phase is a titanium oxide represented by a general formula of TiO claim 1 , where 3≦n≦10.5. The titanium oxide particles according to claim 4 , wherein the magneli phase is TiO.6. The titanium oxide particles according to claim 1 , wherein the sequence of crystallites forms an electron path including the magneli phase.7. The titanium oxide particles according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of spaces is formed in the three-dimensional network structure.8. The titanium oxide particles according to claim 7 , wherein a plurality of pores in communication with an interior of the three-dimensional network structure is formed between the crystallites.9. The titanium oxide particles according to claim 8 , wherein an ion path in ...