СЛОИСТАЯ КОНСТРУКЦИЯ С ВНУТРЕННИМИ ПОЛОСТЯМИ ДЛЯ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ С ФОТОЭЛЕМЕНТАМИ И СПОСОБ ЕЕ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

Интегрированная слоистая конструкция для применения в гелиотехнике содержит первый несущий компонент, такой как деталь из пластика или стекла, предпочтительно содержащий оптически прозрачный материал, способный пропускать излучение, и второй несущий компонент, снабженный по меньшей мере одним паттерном поверхностного рельефа, который содержит множество элементов поверхностного рельефа, и выполненный с возможностью осуществления по меньшей мере одной заданной оптической функции в отношении падающего излучения. Также интегрированная слоистая конструкция содержит второй несущий компонент содержащий, по существу, оптически прозрачный материал, способный пропускать излучение. При этом первый и второй несущие компоненты соединены посредством ламинирования таким образом, что внутри образованной слоистой конструкции находится по меньшей мере один паттерн поверхностного рельефа, а между первым и вторым несущими компонентами сформированы связанные с указанным паттерном оптически функциональные полости ...

КОСМИЧЕСКИЙ АППАРАТ

Изобретение относится к энергоснабжению космического аппарата (КА) с помощью солнечных батарей (СБ). КА содержит корпус с множеством поверхностей (11), на которых расположены устройства (20) для собирания света внутрь корпуса, где установлена СБ (30). Привод (50) обеспечивает поворот СБ (30) к выбранному устройству (20), наиболее подходящему в данное время для выработки СБ электрической энергии. Техническим результатом изобретения является освобождение от СБ внешней поверхности КА и получение преимуществ от внутреннего размещения СБ. 3 з.п. ф-лы, 4 ил.

Гибридная кровельная солнечная панель

Изобретение относится к устройству кровельных панелей для крыш зданий и сооружений со встроенными солнечными модулями. Гибридная кровельная солнечная панель, установленная на крыше здания, нормаль к поверхности крыши находится в меридиональной плоскости, содержит корпус и защитное покрытие на рабочей поверхности, выполненное в виде оптической отклоняющей системы из набора призм, на которую падает солнечное излучение с углом входа лучей β, полупараболоцилиндрический зеркальный отражатель и приемник излучения в виде полосы, установленной между фокальной осью и вершиной полупараболоцилиндрического зеркального отражателя, при этом приемник излучения выполнен в виде гибридного когенерационного солнечного фотоэлектрического модуля со вторым защитным покрытием, установленным под углом ≤90° к защитному покрытию гибридной кровельной солнечной панели, второе защитное покрытие и корпус гибридной кровельной солнечной панели образуют герметичную полость, заполненную полисилоксановым гелем, в которой ...

СИСТЕМА ТЕРМОРЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУРОЙ ОТРАЖАЮЩЕЙ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ, ИМЕЮЩЕЙ МАССИВ КОНЦЕНТРАТОРОВ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ

Изобретение относится к массивам концентраторов солнечной энергии и, в частности, к системам и способам терморегулирования массивов концентраторов солнечной энергии. Раскрыта система терморегулирования для управления температурой селективно отражающей панели. Система терморегулирования включает в себя массив концентраторов солнечной энергии, датчик температуры и контроллер. Массив концентраторов солнечной энергии расположен в селективно отражающей панели и имеет множество отражателей, размещенных в группах отражателей. Датчик температуры отслеживает температуру селективно отражающей панели в месте расположения датчика температуры. Контроллер отслеживает локальную температуру селективно отражающей панели с использованием датчика температуры и исходя из этого формирует сигнал управления, отправляемый на массив концентраторов солнечной энергии. Сигнал управления управляет массивом концентраторов солнечной энергии для размещения выбранного количества отражателей на массиве концентраторов в ...

УСТРОЙСТВО С ФОТОПРИЕМНЫМ СЛОЕМ ДЛЯ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ В ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКУЮ

Изобретение относится к области гелиоэнергетики, в частности к элементам с концентраторами излучения для получения электрической и тепловой энергии, и может быть использовано при создании высокоэффективных автономных источников электроэнергии.Заявленное устройство с фотоприемным слоем для преобразования солнечной энергии в электрическую содержит, по крайней мере, одну пару подложек, каждая из которых выполнена в виде полосы, при этом, по крайней мере, одна из полос выполнена профилированной с периодическим профилем в ее продольном направлении и переменным профилем - в поперечном направлении, при этом подложки одной пары соединены между собой с возможностью образования профилями, по крайней мере, одного ряда полостей. Полости могут представлять собой конусы и/или пирамиды и/или сферы и/или сфероиды и/или цилиндры и/или усеченные конусы и/или усеченные пирамиды, при этом полости в разных рядах в поперечном направлении могут быть выполнены различной формы. Толщина полосы меньше высоты профиля ...

СПОСОБ РЕКУПЕРАЦИИ НЕИСПОЛЬЗОВАННОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ ОПТИЧЕСКОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ ОПТИЧЕСКОГО ОБРАБАТЫВАЮЩЕГО УСТРОЙСТВА, РЕКУПЕРАЦИОННОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО И ОПТИЧЕСКОЕ ОБРАБАТЫВАЮЩЕЕ УСТРОЙСТВО

... 1. Способ рекуперации неиспользованной энергии оптического излучения оптического обрабатывающего устройства (1), содержащего по меньшей мере один источник света, в частности, источник (2) лазерного излучения или источник света с множеством светодиодов, включающий этапы, на которых:приводят в действие по меньшей мере один источник света и генерируют электромагнитное излучение (4),воздействуют по меньшей мере на одну заготовку (5) электромагнитным излучением (4) для ее обработки,улавливают лучевой ловушкой (7) по меньшей мере одного рекуперационного устройства (6, 6а, 6b) по меньшей мере часть неиспользованного электромагнитного излучения (4) при обработке по меньшей мере одной заготовки (5),преобразуют по меньшей мере часть энергии электромагнитного излучения (4′), захваченного лучевой ловушкой (7) по меньшей мере одного рекуперационного устройства (6, 6а, 6b), в электрическую энергию (14).2. Способ по п. 1, в котором на этапе преобразования по меньшей мере части энергии оптического излучения ...

ЭЛЕМЕНТ ФОТОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОГО ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

... 1. Элемент фотоэлектрического преобразования, содержащий:слой фотоэлектрического преобразования; ифотонный кристалл, предусмотренный внутри слоя фотоэлектрического преобразования таким образом, чтобы иметь фотонную запрещенную зону, причем фотонный кристалл сконструирован так, чтобы столбчатые среды, чей показатель преломления меньше, чем показатель преломления среды слоя фотоэлектрического преобразования, были периодически предусмотрены внутри среды слоя фотоэлектрического преобразования, и были предусмотрены дефекты, где не предусмотрены столбчатые среды, для того чтобы обеспечивать уровень дефекта в фотонной запрещенной зоне,когда длиной волны резонансного пика, соответствующего уровню дефекта является λ, столбчатые среды предусмотрены двумерным образом с шагом не менее чем λ/7 и не более чем λ/2, по отношению к длине волны λ, иудовлетворено отношение 0,2 Q≤Q≤5,4 Q,при этом, Qявляется значением Q, представляющим величину эффекта резонанса, произведенного связью между фотонным кристаллом ...

СОЛНЕЧНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ

Изобретение относится к солнечному элементу, содержащему первый слой, имеющий расположенные в шахматном порядке области, содержащие фотоэлектрический слой, и области, содержащие по меньшей мере отражающий слой; второй слой, расположенный над первым слоем и на расстоянии от него, причем второй слой имеет расположенные в шахматном порядке области, имеющие фотоэлектрический слой, и отверстия, причем отверстия второго слоя совпадают с областями первого слоя, имеющими фотоэлектрический слой; слой зажигательного стекла, расположенный над вторым слоем и на расстоянии от него, причем имеющие фотоэлектрический слой области как первого, так и второго слоев, а также области, имеющие по меньшей мере отражающий слой, обращены к слою зажигательного стекла; и третий слой, расположенный между первым и вторым слоями, предпочтительно расположенный на втором слое, причем третий слой имеет расположенные в шахматном порядке области, имеющие фотоэлектрический слой, и отверстия, причем отверстия третьего слоя ...

СИСТЕМА СОЛНЕЧНЫХ МОДУЛЕЙ С ОПОРНОЙ КОНСТРУКЦИЕЙ

... 1. Система солнечных модулей, имеющая ! самонесущую опорную конструкцию (37, 38) и ! по меньшей мере один элемент солнечного модуля или элемент отражателя, предназначенный для установки на опорной конструкции, ! отличающаяся тем, что ! опорная конструкция содержит по меньшей мере один самонесущий пустотелый продольный профиль в качестве опорного профиля (60) с функциональной поверхностью (2) солнечного модуля и/или функциональной отражающей поверхностью (62а, 62b), причем опорный профиль имеет на продольной стороне вставной профиль (63) для прикрепления сбоку еще одного опорного профиля или соединительного профиля (38), или оконечного профиля (11, 12), и/или имеет структуру для рассеяния тепла (3), которая имеет теплопроводное соединение с ее функциональной поверхностью солнечного модуля и/или ее функциональной отражающей поверхностью, или ! опорная конструкция содержит по меньшей мере один самонесущий ребристый продольный профиль в качестве опорного профиля (9) с функциональной поверхностью ...

ВСЕСЕЗОННАЯ ГИБРИДНАЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ВЕРТИКАЛЬНАЯ УСТАНОВКА

Изобретение относится к области гелио- и ветроэнергетики. Всесезонная гибридная энергетическая вертикальная установка содержит установленный с возможностью вращения вертикальный вал в виде цилиндрической трубы, охватывающей неподвижную полую ось. Неподвижная полая ось закреплена на основании. На вертикальном валу соосно между двумя защитными куполами закреплены ротор Савониуса и ротор Дарье. Защитные купола покрыты препятствующим обледенению слоем. Ротор Савониуса установлен внутри ротора Дарье. Лопасти ротора Дарье выполнены в виде скрученных полос, покрытых препятствующим обледенению слоем. На всей поверхности лопастей ротора Савониуса, выполненных в виде скрученных пластин, с двух сторон закреплены фотоэлектрические преобразователи. Выходы фотоэлектрических преобразователей соединены с силовым входом устройства управления. На вертикальном валу закреплен датчик скорости вращения вала. Выход датчика скорости вращения вала соединен с сигнальным входом устройства управления. Первый силовой ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ

... 1. Устройство для преобразования солнечной энергии, содержащее: ! улавливающий солнечное излучение блок, содержащий, по меньшей мере, одну линзу, имеющую входную поверхность для падающего солнечного излучения и выходную поверхность для испускания солнечного излучения в преломленной форме к ! концентрирующему солнечное излучение блоку, содержащему отражающую поверхность для отражения солнечного излучения, падающего на отражающую поверхность с выходной поверхности линзы, по меньшей мере, к одной целевой области концентрирующего солнечное излучение блока, отличающееся тем, что устройство содержит позиционирующее средство для осуществления ориентации улавливающего солнечное излучение блока и концентрирующего солнечное излучение блока относительно друг друга путем поворота вокруг, по меньшей мере, одной оси, перпендикулярной к плоскости, образуемой линзой. ! 2. Устройство по п.1, отличающееся тем, что оси поворота улавливающего солнечное излучение блока и концентрирующего солнечное излучение ...

Homogenisierender Lichtleitkörper für Solarkonzentratoren

ERZEUGUNG VON WASSERSTOFF AUS SOLARSTRAHLUNG MIT HOHER EFFIZIENZ

Halbleiterstruktur, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Halbleiterstruktur aus einem Substrat und einer Halbleiterschicht, die über einen thermisch und/oder chemisch ausgehärteten Haftvermittler miteinander stoffschlüssig verbunden sind. Ebenso betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung derartiger stoffschlüssiger Verbindungen. Verwendung in derartige Halbleiterstrukturen, insbesondere als Solarzelle bzw. Solarzellenmodul.

Solar module with solar concentrator

The module has each prism (16) comprising a component with a refraction index larger than that of air and of triangular cross-section. The prisms form a V-shape. On the underside of an extended section (30), continuing from an apex of the V-shape, is located a solar cell (12). At an apex of the V-shape is formed a longitudinally extending V-shaped recess. The extended section has a higher refraction index than the prisms. The boundary of the extended section and the prisms is convex at the prism side. The rear side of each prism may be mirrored.

Alignment device for parabolic trough collectors, has photovoltaic cell provided in position within parabola, so that reflected solar radiation illuminates absorber pipe relative to base parabola if trough is tilted in one direction

The device has a photovoltaic cell that is provided in a position within the parabola, so that the reflected solar radiation of parabolic trough illuminates an absorber pipe relative to the base parabola if the parabolic trough is tilted in one direction. The photovoltaic cell is provided in position relative to the parabola, so that illumination is provided directly from the sun, when the parabolic trough is inclined in one direction. The photovoltaic cell is wired with a motor and is adjusted according to mechanical connection.

Verfahren zum Ausbilden eines feinen Musters in einem großen Bereich unter Verwendung von Laser-Interferenz-Lithographie, Verfahren zum nicht-planaren Transfer des feinen Musters, ausgebildet durch das Verfahren und Artikel, an welchen das feine Muster durch das Transferverfahren transferiert ist

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum nicht-planaren Transfer eines feinen Musters und einen Artikel, an welchen das feines Muster durch das Transferverfahren transferiert ist. Insbesondere betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Verfahren zum nicht-planaren Transfer eines feinen Musters durch zuerst Aufbringen einer Opferschicht und Muster ausbildenden Schicht auf die obere Oberfläche eines Substrats, das eine planare Struktur hat, dann Ausbilden eines feinen Musters über einen großen Bereich auf der oberen Oberfläche der aufgebrachten Muster ausbildenden Schicht, und Separieren der Muster ausbildenden Schicht, worauf das feine Muster transferiert wurde, und Anhaften derselben auf einen Artikel, und einen Artikel, auf welchen ein feines Muster transferiert ist, unter Verwendung dieses Verfahrens.

Stationäres Photovoltaikmodul mit niedrigem Solarstrahlungs-Konzentrationsverhältnis

Stationäres Photovoltaikmodul mit niedrigem Konzentrationsverhältnis von Solarstrahlung, welches aus Spiegeln in der Muldenform von gekürzten, verbundartigen, parabolischen, linearen Konzentratoren (CPC) und photovoltaischen, aktiven Segmenten aus kristallinem Silizium oder Teilmodulen aus dünnen, photovoltaischen Halbleitermaterialien besteht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es in einem Modul mehrere Reihen symmetrischer oder asymmetrischer metallischer CPC-Spiegel, überzogen mit einer transparenten Schutzschicht, und photovoltaische Halbleitermaterialien umfasst, welche untereinander elektrisch verbunden sind, wobei die maximale Höhe von Spiegelsegmenten über der Oberfläche von aktiven photovoltaischen Teilen ungefähr gleich der kleineren Abmessung (Breite) eines einzelnen photovoltaischen Segments des Moduls ist.

Solarkonzentrator

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Solarkonzentrator (1) mit einem massiven Körper aus einem transparenten Material, der eine Lichteinkoppelfläche (2) und eine Lichtauskoppelfläche (3) umfasst, wobei der massive Körper zwischen der Lichteinkoppelfläche (2) und der Lichtauskoppelfläche (3) einen sich in Richtung der Lichtauskoppelfläche (3) verjüngenden Lichtleiterteil (4) umfasst, der zwischen der Lichteinkoppelfläche (2) und der Lichtauskoppelfläche (3) durch eine Lichtleiterteil-Oberfläche (5) begrenzt ist, und wobei die Lichtleiterteil-Oberfläche (5) mit einer stetigen ersten Ableitung in die Lichtauskoppelfläche (3) übergeht.

Solar element installed in roof of passenger car, has solar cell arrangement comprising several adjacent solar cells that are arranged obliquely with respect to each other

The solar element has a solar cell arrangement (10) that is comprised of several solar cells (16,18,22,24). A main extension plane (26) of the solar cell arrangement is oriented obliquely. Several transparent elements (28,30,32) are assigned between the solar cells. The adjacent solar cells are arranged obliquely with respect to each other. Transparent elements are aligned perpendicular to the main extension plane. An independent claim is included for manufacturing method of solar element.

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Solarzellenmoduls

Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Solarzellenmoduls umfasst: Anordnen eines Lichtreflexionselements (30) über einem Spalt zwischen zwei angrenzenden Solarzellen (10), die auf einen Arbeitstisch (90) gelegt sind (S4); und Anbringen des Lichtreflexionselements (30) an jeweilige Enden der angrenzenden zwei Solarzellen (10) durch Thermokompressionsverbinden von jeweiligen Überlappungsbereichen des Lichtreflexionselements (30) mit den angrenzenden zwei Solarzellen (10) unter Verwendung eines Kompressionsverbindungskopfs (110), der umfasst: einen ersten Thermokompressionsverbindungsabschnitt (112) und einen zweiten Thermokompressionsverbindungsabschnitt (113), die jeweils eine Kontaktoberfläche (115b) aufweisen, die mit dem Lichtreflexionselement (30) in Kontakt kommt; und einen Nicht-Thermokompressionsverbindungsabschnitt (111), der zwischen dem ersten Thermokompressionsverbindungsabschnitt (112) und dem zweiten Thermokompressionsverbindungsabschnitt (113) angeordnet ist und der das Lichtreflexionselement ...

Sonnenkollektormodul mit einer lichtleitenden Röhre

Die Erfindung betrifft ein konzentrierendes Sonnenkollektormodul (1), das dazu ausgebildet ist, die tages- und jahreszeitlich bedingt in unterschiedlichen Höhenwinkeln (α) und in unterschiedlichen Azimutwinkeln (γ) einfallenden, annähernd parallelen Strahlen (Sp) der Sonne auf ein Empfängerelement (2) zu bündeln. Das Sonnenkollektormodul (1) besteht aus einem ersten Konzentratorelement (10), das die parallelen Strahlen (Sp) der Sonne als gebündelte Strahlen (Sg) mit einem Fokussierwinkel (α') auf eine Brennlinie (f) fokussiert und aus einem von einer um die Brennlinie (f) revolvierenden Prismenröhre (11) gebildeten Umlenkelement, das die gebündelten Strahlen (Sg) als umgelenkte Strahlen (Su) in ein zweites, innerhalb der Prismenröhre (11) angeordnetes, von einer lichtleitenden Röhre (12) gebildetes Konzentratorelement mit einer Verspiegelung (120), einer Längsseite (121) und Stirnseiten (122) einkoppelt. Die Prismenröhre (11) ist konzentrisch und koaxial zu der Brennlinie (f) angeordnet ...

RADIANT ENERGY CONVERSION

Solar power plant

The solar power plant contains a field of oriented heliostats 1 which reflect at least part of the solar radiation onto at least part of light guides 2. In the outlet cross-sections of the light guides 2, radiation receivers 3 are arranged, which are mounted on at least part of the length of a supporting framework or tower 4. The light guides 2 according to the invention lie at an angle of 5 DEG to 90 DEG to one another and have aperture angles of 5 DEG to 45 DEG , while the angles between the normals to the coupled heliostats 1 are smaller than or equal to the aperture angles of the light guides 2 arranged at least on part of the length of the supporting framework or tower 4. The invention can be used for erecting power plants which work on an electric energy network, or for supplying current to consumers situated at a distance, for example to settlements or industrial property in deserts or in mountainous areas. ...

KOMPOSIT-ELECTROMOTORISCHE VORRICHTUNG UND VERWENDUNG VON SONNENENERGIE UND ÄHNLICHEM.

Selective solar energy converter into heat and/or electric current

The selective converter has a vacuum tube (3) contg. a lateral sheet metal collector (4) and two central mirrors (5) at an angle of 90 deg. to each other, with one mirror inclined to the collector at an angle of 45 deg. At the flattened side of the vacuum tube are two photovoltaic modules (6) opposite the collector. The photovoltaic modules are located such that one is directed to the tube inside and the other one to the outside. The second mirror is inclined at 45 deg. to the inwards directed module. At the tube front side is located a power transmission element (1) on axis firmly coupled to the tube, and an intermediate holder (2).

Solar tracking arrangement for solar power system - has deflection mechanism coupled to passive thermo-hydraulic drive

The system has at least one deflection mechanism (1) which pivots about an axis to track the sun's position to deflect incident sunlight onto a receiver and which has an adjustment mechanism (4). The adjustment mechanism has a passive drive (6) controlled by a sensor (61) which responds to changes in the angle of incidence of sunlight. The drive is coupled to the deflection mechanism via a transmission arrangement (5) with a defined transmission ratio. The passive drive mechanism can be of the thermo-hydraulic type. ADVANTAGE - Has simplified drive mechanism which does not require additional manual or electronically controlled adjustment devices.

FLACHER LICHTKONZENTRATOR MIT GERINGER DICKE

Solar system for converting solar electromagnetic radiation energy into electrical energy, has absorber arranged parallel to rotation axes of reflectors in center of module, and solar cells arranged in rows

The system (1) has a module (3) with reflectors (2, 2') that divert incident sunlight (6, 8) in a direction of an absorber (12). The reflectors of the module are adjusted in a temporally changing sun position by a tracking mechanism (20) at an angle around rotation axes parallel to each other for uniaxial tracking of the reflectors. The absorber is arranged parallel to the rotation axes of the reflectors in center of the module. Solar cells (11) e.g. rear side-contacted silicon solar cells, are arranged in rows, and the sunlight is concentrated by the reflectors, on the solar cells.

Solar power plant, has control device for selecting solar module that is adapted to demand of primary useful energy and/or efficiency of solar module and for focusing solar radiation power on selected solar module

The plant (1) has a tower structure (2) and a set of heliostats (4) oriented at the tower structure. A solar module e.g. photo-voltaic solar cell, is arranged on the structure. A control device (8) controls the orientation of the heliostats at selected solar module depending on operational parameters e.g. electrical voltage, of the solar module and on solar radiation power. The control device selects the solar module that is adapted to the demand of primary useful energy and/or efficiency of the solar module and focuses the solar radiation power on the selected solar module. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a calibration device for heliostats of a solar power plant (2) a method for controlling a solar power plant.

Solar adsorption apparatus

Micron-gap thermal photovoltaic large scale sub-micron gap method and apparatus

The present invention relates to micron-gap thermal photovoltaic (MTPV) technology for the solid-state conversion of heat to electricity. The problem is forming and then maintaining the close spacing between two bodies at a sub-micron gap in order to maintain enhanced performance. While it is possible to obtain the sub-micron gap spacing, the thermal effects on the hot and cold surfaces induce cupping, warping, or deformation of the elements resulting in variations in gap spacing thereby resulting in uncontrollable variances in the power output. A major aspect of the design is to allow for intimate contact of the emitter chips to the shell inside surface, so that there is good heat transfer. The photovoltaic ceils are pushed outward against the emitter chips in order to press them against the inner wail. A high temperature thermal interface material improves the heat transfer between the shell inner surface and the emitter chip.

Optical element

Solar concentrator apparatus with large, multiple, co-axial dish reflectors

A two-axis solar tracker apparatus is disclosed having multiple dish-shaped monolithic reflectors for concentrating sunlight. The dish-shaped monolithic reflectors are co-axially aligned in an array supported by a moveable frame. The moveable frame forms the elevation stricture of a two-axis tracker that has control means for following the movement of the sun across the sky. Each dish-shaped monolithic reflector produces a region of concentrated sunlight suitable for generation of solar energy. A generator is positioned at the focus of each reflector. A preferred generator uses photovoltaic cells to generate electricity at a high output power due to the high solar power input that is directed to the generator by the dish-shaped monolithic reflector.

Solar Compressor

A three dimensional array (solar compressor) 1 comprises a plurality photovoltaic cells "sandwiched" either side of the solar compressor 1. The solar compressor 1 consists of optical material for example, glass, acrylic, Perspex RTM, either clear or opaque with a suitable light transmittance value and thickness. The finish of the internal faces 99 of the solar compressor 1 that face the cells is provided with a surface treated by any means for example, blasting, grinding, acid etching, whereby the surface is made to be reactive to light. The compressor 1 may be solid or hollow and the narrow edge of the "sandwich" construction is the only edge exposed to light. The solar compressor 1 may be used in roof spaces, stand alone power stations, as part of wind turbines, incorporated into vehicles, or, its output may be fed into an H2O converter to drive a 4 stroke. The compressor may be cooled and the heated coolant used to feed a heat exchanger. The system may include a motorized tracking system ...

Insolution-receiving electricity-generator

Power collector

A solar cell arrangement

A solar cell arrangement comprises two transparent cover plates 33 and 34 having recesses within which are located interconnection means which interconnect solar cells. By locating the interconnection means within the recesses the solar cells can be intimately bonded without an adhesive to the cover plates 33 and 34 making the arrangement lighter.

Solar panel with reflective lamellae

A photovoltaic solar panel (100) comprises a photovoltaic cell 110) having a light receiving surface and a transparent plate 115 covering the light receiving surface. The transparent plate has an internal array of light-reflecting lamellae 210, each lamella having a plane oriented transverse or orthogonal to the light-receiving surface so as to reflect incident light 220 towards the light-receiving surface. The lamellae may be grooves or air pockets that act as prisms to internally reflect light. The transparent plate may be formed od a first plate 130 of glass and a second plate 120 of a polymeric material such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).

Concentrator photovoltaic cell

A concentrator photovoltaic (PV) cell 110 comprises: a front plane through which light passes into the PV cell to generate a photocurrent (e.g. > 1 Amp per cm); a plurality of conductive gridlines/fingers 140 disposed across the front plane to communicate the photocurrent with the front plane; one or more separate radially elongate conductive bus bars 125 (e.g. with eight gridline connections per bus bar), each disposed across and extending into a central region of the front plane, each bus bar comprising a bond pad region 132 (e.g. with dimensions between 25Ám and 200Ám) at a periphery 135 of the front plane to couple the photocurrent to an external load (112). A front surface 120 of the photovoltaic cell has an area 200mm 2 and preferably 10mm 2 and an optical concentrator 100 is arranged to receive incident sunlight and deliver the sunlight, concentrated by a factor of at least fifty, to the front plane. Each bus bar may be dart shaped, tapering away from the periphery. Four bus bars ...

Solar concentrator

A light collector 14 for use in a building-integrated solar concentrator 10 comprises wavguiding components 16 incorporating spaced-apart light collecting elements 18 which collect light from a plurality of lenses 12 and deliver light to solar cells 20 where several lenses 12 are coupled to each solar cell 20. The light collecting elements 18 may comprise shaped ends of bulk waveguides to deliver incident solar radiation A to the solar cells 20. The light collecting elements 18 may also comprise luminescent (92, fig 6) or optically amplifying (105, fig 8) material that converts the incident radiation A to secondary light that is delivered to the solar cells 20. The lenses are pivotably mounted to improve solar tracking by avoiding mechanical clashes between lenses and optimising the amount of incident light harvested. Heavy water filters (210 fig 25) may be positioned in front of the solar cells to absorb long wavelength light.

Energy system

An energy system 1 for a building, structure or similar, the system comprise a solar panel 5 spaced from a wall 6, which defines a channel 2, this channel is coupled to a heat exchanger 4 whereby a fluid 3, for example air, naturally raises to the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is connected to a fluid circuit 9 which extends to at least one subterranean loop 10 within a sub-terrain mass, the systems allows heat to be retained in the mass when the fluid within the circuit is above a pre-determined temperature, this also means that the fluid in the return to the heat exchanger should be modulated towards a desired temperate for operation of the heat exchanger. The conduit acts to capture the waste energy produced by cooling of solar panels, particularly photovoltaic, by the naturally rising fluid like air, this acts as an air source heat pump. The subterranean mass allows for the energy system to act as a ground source heat pump when there is no energy being produced by the solar panel ...

Laser power converter

Solar concentrator

A photovoltaic cell

Photovoltaic cell comprising two heterojunctions between three component semiconductors Ga1-x ALx As with x varying from 0 to 0.9, GaAs, and Ge which have respective bandgaps of 0.66, 1.43 and 2.4 eV, lattice constants matching at 0.07% and expansion coefficients matching at 1.7%. The cell is mounted in a cell device comprising a parallelepipedal unit, a Fresnel lens, a tapering cavity within said unit, partially filled up with a lens shaped antireflecting transparent material and a radiator, said device forming a sunlight concentrator.

Method for designing and building reflectors for asolar concentrator array

A concentrating solar cell apparatus

Linear fresnel light condensation device with highmultiplying power

Buoyant platform for radiant energy collecting apparatus

Solar cell laminate comprising a semiconductor layer

PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION DEVICE AND METHOD USING OPTICAL BEAM UNIFORMLY CONDENSED BY USING PLANE MIRRORS AND COOLING METHOD BY DIRECT CONTACT

Buoyant platform for radiant energy collecting apparatus.

Radiant energy collecting apparatus (11) which includes a platform assembly (13) floating on a body of liquid, the top side of which supports reflectors (16) of a solar concentrator and the underside of which is provided with a series of compartments (31) which are open on their lowermost sides and which contain air to provide buoyant lift to maintain the reflectors (16) above the level of liquid. Air may be supplied to the compartments (31) through an air duct (33) beneath the platform assembly (13), the duct (33) having a number of openings (35) through which the air passes.

PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION DEVICE AND METHOD USING OPTICAL BEAM UNIFORMLY CONDENSED BY USING PLANE MIRRORS AND COOLING METHOD BY DIRECT CONTACT

A concentrating solar cell apparatus.

METHOD FOR DESIGNING AND BUILDING REFLECTORS FOR A SOLAR CONCENTRATOR ARRAY

Buoyant platform for radiant energy collecting apparatus

Conversion of solar energy to electrical and/or heat energy

Solar cell laminate comprising a semiconductor layer

A concentrating solar cell apparatus

FULL SPECTRUM ELECTRO-MAGNETIC ENERGY SYSTEM

Solar concentrator for use with a bi-facial cell.

Method for designing and building reflectors for asolar concentrator array

Linear fresnel light condensation device with highmultiplying power

Linear fresnel light condensation device with highmultiplying power

Solar cell laminate comprising a semiconductor layer

FULL SPECTRUM ELECTRO-MAGNETIC ENERGY SYSTEM

Method for designing and building reflectors for asolar concentrator array

Solar concentrator for use with a bi-facial cell.

Conversion of solar energy to electrical and/or heat energy

PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION DEVICE AND METHOD USING OPTICAL BEAM UNIFORMLY CONDENSED BY USING PLANE MIRRORS AND COOLING METHOD BY DIRECT CONTACT

FULL SPECTRUM ELECTRO-MAGNETIC ENERGY SYSTEM

A concentrating solar cell apparatus

ENERGIEKOLLEKTOR

SOLAR ELECTRICITY MODULE

MANUFACTURING METHOD OF AN OPTO-ELECTRONIC THIN FILM ELEMENT

RECEIVER WITH CURVED FOKALEBENE FOR CONCENTRATING LIGHT IN A PHOTO VOL DAY SYSTEM

SOLAR RECEIVER FOR A SOLAR CONCENTRATOR WITH A LINEAR FUEL ANGLE

Solarmodul

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Solarmodul mit einer eine Modulebene E definierendenGrundstruktur (10), auf welcher mehrere flächige, photovoltaische Elemente (11)angeordnet sind, sowie Spiegelelemente (12), die die einfallende Solarstrahlungzumindest zum Teil auf die photovoltaischen Elemente (11) lenken.Erfindungsgemäß schließen die flächigen, photovoltaischen Elemente (11) mit derModulebene E einen Winkel a zwischen 45° und 90°, bevorzugt zwischen 75° und90° ein, wobei zwischen benachbarten photovoltaischen Elementen (11)Spiegelelemente (12) oder verspiegelte Flächen (12') angeordnet sind, diezusätzlich Solarstrahlung auf die photovoltaischen Elemente (11) lenken.

KOMBI-SOLARKOLLEKTOR

The invention concerns a combined solar collector comprising a transparent vacuum pipe (1) in which is disposed an absorber panel (2) with a heat pipe (3) which is attached to the absorber panel (2) and through which a fluid can flow, the combined solar collector being rotatably mounted in order to track the solar attitude. Disposed in the interior of the vacuum pipe (1) is a photovoltaic element (4), preferably of thin film modular construction. As a result thereof, optimal operating conditions, either for obtaining hot water or for obtaining power, are attained, depending on the distortion angle of the combined solar collector.

PHOTOVOLTAIK - ANLAGE MIT MINDESTENS EINER SOLARZELLE

TIFF 00000004.TIF 294 208 ...

KOMBI-SOLARKOLLEKTOR

VORRICHTUNG ZUR UMWANDLUNG VON SONNENSTRAHLUNGSENERGIE

TIFF 00000011.TIF 293 208 TIFF 00000012.TIF 293 208 ...

PHOTOVOLTAI THIN FILM SOLAR CELL AND PROCEDURE FOR YOUR PRODUCTION.

PHOTOVOLTAI DEVICE

STROMERZEUGUNGSMODUL

SOLAR ELECTRICITY PLANT

ЕNЕRGIЕКОLLЕКТОR

ЕNЕRGIЕКОLLЕКТОR

ЕNЕRGIЕКОLLЕКТОR

ЕNЕRGIЕКОLLЕКТОR

ЕNЕRGIЕКОLLЕКТОR

Light redirecting device and solar cell module comprising said device

The present disclosure relates to a device, a solar cell module, a method of making a flexible sunlight redirecting film, a method of installing a solar cell module at an installation site, and a method of making a solar cell module. A sunlight redirecting film comprises a first layer having a first major surface and a second major surface that includes a plurality of structures. A largest triangle that can be inscribed in a cross section of each structure taken perpendicular to the first surface has first and second facets extending away from the first major surface to a peak of the triangle. A length of the first facet differs from a length of the second facet by at least 10%. The sunlight redirecting film also comprises a second layer disposed on and conforming to the structures. The second layer is configured to redirect sunlight impinging on the second layer.

Solar cell

The invention relates to a solar cell comprising: a first layer having a checkered layout of fields having a photovoltaic layer and fields having at least a reflective layer; a second layer arranged above the first layer, which second layer has a checkered layout of fields having a photovoltaic layer and of openings, wherein the openings of the second layer are registered with the fields having a photovoltaic layer of the first layer; a lens layer arranged above the second layer; and a third layer arranged between the first and second layer, having a checkered layout of fields having a photovoltaic layer and of openings, wherein the openings of the third layer are registered with the openings of the second layer and wherein the fields having a photovoltaic layer of the third layer face the first layer.

SOLAR COLLECTOR

Light collector and concentrator

Solar module system of the parabolic concentrator type

Device for converting solar energy

Photovoltaic power generator

Multi-junction solar cells with an aplanatic imaging system

Concentrating solar collector with solid optical element

Multi-directional solar energy collector system

The present disclosure provides a multi-directional solar energy collector system. It comprises a light concentration device which includes one or plural light concentration lens and one or plural chambers. By means of the light concentration device, the incoming light can be concentrated once or multiple time, then is guided to the solar cell. The system is able to collect incoming light from various directions without consuming additional power.

Methods for Interconnecting Solar Cells

Methods for interconnecting solar cells to form solar cell modules are disclosed. The methods utilize a non-EVA polymer as the encapsulant and the temperature and pressure conditions of a lamination process to effect interconnection.

Light harvesting system employing microstructures for efficient light trapping

A light harvesting system employing a focusing array and a photoresponsive layer in which a plurality of microstructured areas is formed. Light received by the focusing array is injected transmissively into the photoresponsive layer through the microstructured areas. The injected light is retained in the photoresponsive layer by at least a total internal reflection and is propagated within the layer until it is substantially absorbed.

Solar energy concentrator

A solar concentrator assembly comprises a segmented wave-guide assembly, a reflective mirror assembly, and an optical target-providing unit. A segmented waveguide assembly comprises a plurality of wave-guide segments, each segment comprising a set of surfaces disposed so as to support TIR propagation of solar energy and a turn mirror affixed thereto and disposed to receive solar energy from a mirror of the reflective mirror assembly and reflect said solar energy into the wave-guide segment at angles compatible with TIR propagation. The reflective mirror assembly comprises a plurality of mirrors each being aligned to reflect the solar energy to a turn mirror affixed to each wave-guide segment. The optical target providing unit converts solar energy from the light propagated in the wave-guide assembly to a different form of energy.

Opposing Row Linear Concentrator Architecture

A solar concentrator assembly is disclosed. The solar concentrator assembly comprises a first reflective device having a first reflective front side and a first rear side, a second reflective device having a second reflective front side and a second rear side, the second reflective device positioned such that the first reflective front side faces the second rear side, and a support assembly coupled to and supporting the first and second reflective devices, the second reflective device positioned to be vertically offset from the first reflective device.

Solar cell panel

A solar cell panel is discussed. The solar cell panel includes a plurality of solar cells each including a substrate and an electrode part positioned on a surface of the substrate, an interconnector for electrically connecting at least one of the plurality of solar cells to another of the plurality of solar cells, and a conductive adhesive film including a resin and a plurality of conductive particles dispersed in the resin. The conductive adhesive film is positioned between the electrode part of the at least one of the plurality of solar cells and the interconnector to electrically connect the electrode part of the at least one of the plurality of solar cells to the interconnector. A width of the interconnector is equal to or greater than a width of the conductive adhesive film.

Solar concentrator

Apparatus ( 24 ), including a photovoltaic cell ( 22 ) and a concave primary reflector ( 26 ) configured to focus a first portion of incoming radiation toward a focal point ( 30 ). The apparatus also includes a secondary reflector ( 38 ), which is positioned between the concave primary reflector and the focal point so as to direct the focused radiation toward the photovoltaic cell, and which has a central opening ( 44 ) aligned with the photovoltaic cell. The apparatus further includes a transmissive concentrator ( 54 ), positioned so as to focus a second portion of the incoming radiation through the central opening onto the photovoltaic cell.

Primary locating feature

A solar collector assembly with at least one primary locator feature. The solar collector assembly has housing having at least one wall and at least one mirror for directing rays of light toward a secondary objective. Each mirror of the solar collector assembly has a back side and a reflective side and at least one primary locating feature for connecting the mirror to the housing. The primary locating feature has a guide bushing that is operably connected to the at least one wall of the housing. A stud of the primary locating feature has a first end connected to a mirror bracket and second end extending through the guide bushing. The stud has a longitudinal axis that extends between the mirror bracket and the guide bushing for allowing the mirror to be positioned along the longitudinal axis relative to the at least one wall of the housing.

Film used for solar cell module and module thereof

The present invention is directed to a film used for a solar cell module and the module thereof, in which the film includes a substrate and at least one light-regulating layer, and the light-regulating layer includes a fluoro resin and a plurality of light diffusing additives. By applying the film of the subject invention in a solar cell module, the film can make the solar cell have good light utilization.

Metamaterial Integrated Solar Concentrator

An optical device including a metamaterial layer having a negative index of refraction for at least one wavelength in the visible range of 400-700 nm, a photovoltaic cell, and an optical waveguide arranged between the metamaterial layer and the photovoltaic cell. The optical waveguide has a first face and second face arranged opposite the first face, the first face having a larger area than the second face, the metamaterial layer positioned at the first face of the optical waveguide and the photovoltaic cell positioned at the second face of the optical waveguide. The optical device can be a solar collector. The optical waveguide can have a trapezoidal cross section, with the side faces of the waveguide having an angle of tilt sufficient to ensure total internal reflection for all incidence angles within the metamaterial's acceptance cone.

Solar tracking and concentration device

A solar tracking and concentration device, including at least one reflecting unit, a receiving unit, a controlling device, and a sensing device, is provided. The reflecting unit having a reflecting surface reflects and concentrates sunlight. The receiving unit having a receiving surface is used to receive the sunlight reflected and reflected by the reflecting unit. The receiving unit and the reflecting unit face each other. According to the position and the time of the reflecting unit, the controlling device controls a rotation angle of the reflecting unit. The sensing device on the receiving unit may detect an inclination direction of the reflecting unit and output a first feedback signal to the controlling device to calibrate a direction of the reflecting unit facing the sun.

Solar cell panel and method for manufacturing the same

A solar cell panel and a method for manufacturing the same are discussed. The solar cell panel includes a plurality of solar cells each including a substrate and a plurality of electrode parts positioned on a surface of the substrate, an interconnector electrically connecting the electrode parts of adjacent ones of the plurality of solar cells to one another, and conductive adhesive films including a resin and a plurality of conductive particles dispersed in the resin. The conductive adhesive films is pressed between the electrode parts and the interconnector to electrically connect the electrode parts to the interconnector. A plurality of uneven portions are positioned on at least one of an upper surface and a lower surface of the interconnector.

Light trapping optical cover

A light trapping optical cover employing an optically transparent layer with a plurality of light deflecting elements. The transparent layer is configured for an unimpeded light passage through its body and has a broad light input surface and an opposing broad light output surface. The light deflecting elements deflect light incident into the transparent layer at a sufficiently high bend angle with respect to a surface normal and direct the deflected light toward a light harvesting device adjacent to the light output surface. The deflected light is retained by means of at least TIR in the system formed by the optical cover and the light harvesting device which allows for longer light propagation paths through the photoabsorptive layer of the device and for an improved light absorption. The optical cover may further employ a focusing array of light collectors being pairwise associated with the respective light deflecting elements.

Parabolic light concentrating trough

Apparatus and methods are provided for use with photovoltaic cells, light emitting devices and the like. Reflective regions are formed on a sheet of flexible, non-metallic sheet material. The sheet material is folded to at least partially define a finished shape. Supports complete and maintain the folded condition such that one or more truncated parabolic troughs are defined. Incident light may be received and concentrated, or emitted light concentrated and projected, by way of the troughs.

High concentration photovoltaic module

A high concentration photovoltaic module, including a plurality of Fresnel concentrating lenses, serving as lenses for solar radiation concentration, which form a group or array arranged on a “V” shaped structure, which reduces the amount of air contained therein, thus minimizing effects of moisture on active elements of the system, attached by a sealed attachment mechanism, and wherein, at the base, there are a plurality of predetermined cavities each of which house a photovoltaic receiver including at least one photovoltaic cell on which a secondary optical element is placed, improving acceptance angle, thus multiplying electric energy generation capacity of the photovoltaic cells and durability thereof, and includes side parts screwed to the structure which minimize torsion stress caused by attachment to the tracker.

Concentrated spectrally separated multiconverter photoboltaic systems and methods thereof

A solar conversion apparatus and method includes two or more conversion cells and a reflector assembly. Each of the two or more solar conversion cells is responsive to a different one of at least a first band of wavelengths from solar radiation and a second band of wavelengths from the solar radiation. The reflector assembly comprises at least two integrated reflective sections. One of the at least two reflective sections is positioned to reflect and direct the first band of wavelengths towards one of the two or more solar conversion cells and another one of the at least two reflective sections is positioned to reflect and direct the second band of wavelengths towards another one of the two or more solar conversion cells. At least one of the two integrated reflective structures further comprises a Fresnel microstructure.

Method of enhancing irradiance profile from solar concentrator

Embodiments of the present invention include structures and methods for enhancing illumination uniformity from solar concentrators. Certain embodiments may use features on a reflective layer to globally correct for deviation in reflective behavior from a desired shape. Local features such as facets on a reflective layer are formed such that the resulting illumination profile represents a superposition of multiple facets. Features may be formed on a back film to correct the reflectance of the back film. In some embodiments, features may be formed on a front film to correct a profile from refraction. In some embodiments the corrections are for line concentrators. Global and local correction techniques may be used together, and may be used on front film or reflective film(s) together or separately. Global and/or local correction may also be used in combination with other approaches, such as secondary optic receiver compensation.

Solar cell module, solar power generating apparatus, and window

In order to realize a transparent solar cell module with a high design freedom, a solar cell module ( 10 ) includes a light guide plate ( 1 ) and a solar cell element ( 2 ). The light guide plate ( 1 ) includes, on its back surface opposite to its light entry surface, traveling direction changing sections ( 11 ) for changing a traveling direction of light incident via the light entry surface. Each of the traveling direction changing sections ( 11 ) includes a first inclined surface ( 11 a ) for reflecting the light incident via the light entry surface and a second inclined surface ( 11 b ). The solar cell element ( 2 ) is provided on, among intersecting surfaces which intersect with the light entry surface of the light guide plate ( 1 ), an end face that light reflected by the first inclined surface ( 11 a ) reaches.

Correction wedge for leaky solar array

A leaky travelling wave array of optical elements provide a solar wavelength rectenna.

Orthogonal scattering features for solar array

A leaky travelling wave array of optical elements provide a solar wavelength rectenna.

Solar cell module and solar energy generating device

To provide a solar power generating and heat collecting system capable of efficient power generation and heat collection with a small-area solar cell element, a solar cell module ( 10 ) includes a power generating section ( 1 ) and a heat collecting section ( 4 ). The power generating section ( 1 ) includes: a light guide section ( 2 ) having a light receiving surface for receiving light from outside, the light guide section being for guiding light received on the light receiving surface; and a solar cell element ( 3 ) provided on an end face intersecting the light receiving surface of the light guide section ( 2 ), the solar cell element being for receiving light guided through the light guide section ( 2 ). The heat collecting section ( 4 ) is provided so as to face an opposite surface opposite the light receiving surface of the light guide section ( 2 ). In short, the power generating section ( 1 ) and the heat collecting section ( 4 ) are stacked on top of each other to constitute the solar cell module ( 10 ).

Solar concentrator and production method thereof

The invention relates to a solar concentrator comprising a solid body consisting of a transparent material that has a light coupling surface and a light decoupling surface, the solid body having a light guide part that tapers towards the light decoupling surface, being located between the light coupling surface and the light decoupling surface and being delimited by a light guide surface between the light coupling surface and the light decoupling surface, the light guide surface merging into the light decoupling surface with a constant first derivation. The invention also relates to a method for the production of a solar concentrator, wherein the transparent material is precision-moulded between the moulds.

Light trapping architecture for photovoltaic and photodector applications

There is disclosed photovoltaic device structures which trap admitted light and recycle it through the contained photosensitive materials to maximize photoabsorption. For example, there is disclosed a photosensitive optoelectronic device comprising: a first reflective layer comprising a thermoplastic resin; a second reflective layer substantially parallel to the first reflective layer; a first transparent electrode layer on at least one of the first and second reflective layer; and a photosensitive region adjacent to the first electrode, wherein the first transparent electrode layer is substantially parallel to the first reflective layer and adjacent to the photosensitive region, and wherein the device has an exterior face transverse to the planes of the reflective layers where the exterior face has an aperture for admission of incident radiation to the interior of the device.

Solar power generation apparatus

A solar power generation apparatus includes a solar cell panel body formed in a tube shape, and a reflection plate installed such that reflected light is incident to the solar cell panel body, wherein the solar cell panel body can be rotated around a shaft center of the tube shape.

Solar concentrator

The light concentrator having a primary optical element which has an optical axis and a core comprising a rigid body which is co-linear with the optical axis and configured to support the primary optical element.

Light collecting and emitting apparatus, method, and applications

A light guide apparatus includes a light guide layer having a top surface and a bottom surface, and a transversely oriented side-end surface that forms an output aperture of the light guide, characterized by an index of refraction, n 1 , and further characterized by a length dimension in an intended light propagation direction towards the output aperture, where the intended light propagation direction is a z-axis direction of a Cartesian coordinate system; and a plurality of light injection elements disposed in the form of at least one linear strip in at least one of the top and bottom surfaces of the light guide layer, wherein some of the plurality of light injection elements are disposed on one lateral side of the strip and some other of the plurality of light injection elements are disposed on an opposing lateral side of the strip at a rotation angle Δz about the y-axis.

Photovoltaic devices with light-directing surface features

Apparatus and methods are provided for use with solar energy. An optical material defines light-directing surface features, each configured to direct incident photonic energy away from a respective dead-space. Photovoltaic cells or other entities receive photonic energy propagating through the optical material, including that portion being directed by the light-directing surface features. Various entities can be located within the dead-spaces defined between the photovoltaic cells.

High concentrator photovoltaic solar module

The present invention relates generally to a high concentrator photovoltaic (HCPV) solar module with a single paraboloidal reflective optic for each solar cell. The point-focus embodiments described in this present invention can achieve much higher concentration ratios in a smaller area. The truncated narrow parabaloidal reflector has a long focal length to aperture ratio, which is an important characteristic for HCPV modules. Because of the long focal lengths of these HCPV systems, the solar cell receives concentrated light under a narrow high angle of incident light. Single-cell units and arrays are disclosed. A passive cooling system for the printed circuit board that supports the photovoltaic cell is also disclosed.

Photovoltaic systems and methods

This disclosure provides methods and apparatus for increasing the efficiency of a photovoltaic module. In one aspect, the position of a photovoltaic panel can be updated throughout the day based on whether the solar angle of incidence on the panel falls within a cone of at least 10° about a normal of the panel. For example, the panel can remain stationary when the solar angle of incidence falls within the cone, but when the solar angle of incidence falls outside the cone, the panel can be moved so that the solar angle of incidence falls within the cone.

Use of freestanding nitride veneers in semiconductor devices

Thin freestanding nitride veneers can be used for the fabrication of semiconductor devices. These veneers are typically less than 100 microns thick. The use of thin veneers also eliminates the need for subsequent wafer thinning for improved thermal performance and 3D packaging.

Solar energy generator

An auto-tracking sun solar energy power generator. The power generator includes an eight-diagram-shaped photovoltaic power generator of 8.8 multiples, an eight-diagram-shaped thermal energy generator of 30-50 multiples, a Striling external-combustion photothermal power generator of an eight-diagram-shaped thermal energy generator and a wind-light mutual complementing power generator with the power more than 20 kW. The first three devices are eight-diagram-shaped and of multiple sun structure. The fourth device is a wind-light mutual complementing planar silicon batteries power generator. The first three devices comprise a named multiple suns machine and a named tracking sun machine. The multiple suns machine comprises a metal bracket and planar glass. The tracking sun machine comprises a mechanical drive assembly for tracking sun and a counter-weight.

Concentrating hybrid solar thermal and photovoltaic collector

A concentrating hybrid solar thermal and photovoltaic collector comprises a close structure concentrator and a vacuum tube hybrid solar thermal and photovoltaic converter to generate electricity and high temperature heat in the mean time. The close structure of concentrator makes it possible to manufacture concentrator with thin and light-weight materials and get rid of support and fastening materials of conventional open concentrator, but still retain strong mechanical strength to against wind load. This structure enables the significant cost and weight reduction. This structure is also able to increase the optical efficiency relative to open system and provides natural protection to relative surface of the concentrator. This structure protects the thermal and photovoltaic converter from any contaminations. The configuration of this concentrator package significantly raises the total efficiency of the device and output high quality heat that makes soar cooling, heating and thermal power generation cost-effective and practical.

Solar cell having porous structure in which metal nanoparticles are carried in pores

The present invention intends to provide a solar cell that has, by an increase in the absorbance of light of a surface of a solar cell, a reduction in the reflectance, and so on, a high energy conversion efficiency. The problem was solved by a pn junction type semiconductor solar cell that has a porous structure on a surface thereof, characterized in that metal nanoparticles having a surface plasmon absorption are supported in pores present in the porous structure, further, by a pn junction type semiconductor solar cell in which the porous structure is formed in a photoelectric material itself in a pn junction type semiconductor solar cell, or, the porous structure is formed in a light transmission layer disposed on a surface of a pn junction type semiconductor solar cell.

Thermally Efficient Power Conversion Modules for Space Solar Power

A space solar power system that has sun-tracking curved reflectors, such as off-axis parabolic reflectors, a secondary reflector, and a power conversion module for converting the sunlight into microwave energy and transmit the energy to remote locations. The power conversion module can have a modular stepped conical shape, with additional radiator area configured in vertical sidewalls, horizontal radiator panels, or both. Hinged, fold-out units can house the microwave conversion electronics and the antenna for transmitting the microwave radiation to the remote ground station.

Photoelectric conversion element

A photoelectric conversion element ( 1 ) of the present invention includes: a photoelectric conversion layer ( 2 ); and a photonic crystal provided inside the photoelectric conversion layer ( 2 ) to provide a photonic band gap, the photonic crystal being designed such that nanorods ( 30 ) whose refraction index is smaller than that of a medium of the photoelectric conversion layer ( 2 ) are provided periodically inside the photoelectric conversion layer ( 2 ), and there are provided defects ( 31 ) to provide a defect level in the photonic band gap, when a wavelength of a resonance peak corresponding to the defect level is λ, the nanorods ( 30 ) are provided two-dimensionally with a pitch of not less than λ/7 and not more than λ/2, and a coefficient κ V indicative of strength of coupling between the photonic crystal and the outside is substantially equal to a coefficient α of absorption of light by the photoelectric conversion layer ( 2 ).

High efficiency conterbalanced dual axis solar tracking array frame system

A high efficiency, environmentally friendly system comprising a plurality of photovoltaic solar collecting panels (PV panels) is disclosed. The system comprises an outer frame to which a plurality of inner frames are mounted to which the plurality of PV panels are attached. To minimize shadowing by the outer frame upon one or more PV panels, at least one PV panel may extend beyond an endpoint of the main frame. The system also comprises an outer frame rotation actuator that rotates the outer frame and an inner frame rotation actuator that rotates the inner frames and the plurality of PV panels. The solar tracking array frames disclosed herein help to improve the quality of the environment by conserving a variety of energy resources (e.g., fossil fuels, hydroelectric energy, etc.) The solar tracking array frames disclosed herein also help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as solar tracking array frames do not produce carbon dioxide byproducts.

Optical Trapping For Fiber Illumination

A light collection and light guidance system including: a flat collecting sheet having a first roughened light receiving front surface; and a plurality of optical fibers attached to at least one edge of the flat collecting sheet, wherein the first roughened light receiving front surface of the sheet has a plurality of resonance coupling periodicities, a plurality of correlation lengths, or a combination thereof. Also disclosed is a method of light collection and light guidance using the aforementioned system, or a system including a flat collecting sheet and a solar converter, as defined herein.

Package structure and solar cell with the same

A package structure and a solar cell with the same are provided. The package structure includes a transparent package bulk and at least one structure capable of changing a direction of light. The structure is disposed within the transparent package bulk and at a distance from a surface of the transparent package bulk. When applied to a solar cell, the package structure can reduce gridline shading.

Solar cell system

A solar cell system includes a substrate and a number of solar cells. The substrate defines a number of grooves spaced from each other. Each solar cell is located in each groove. Each solar cell includes a first electrode layer, a P-type silicon layer, an N-type silicon layer, and a second electrode layer arranged in series side by side along a first direction and in contact with each other, thereby cooperatively forming an integrated structure. A P-N junction is formed near an interface between the P-type silicon layer and the N-type silicon layer. The integrated structure has a photoreceptive surface to expose the P-N junction and receive an incident light directly.

Blazed grating for solar energy concentration

A solar concentrator having a photovoltaic cell in optical contact with a cover. A blazed grating is provided adjacent to and co-planar with the photovoltaic cell for preferentially diffracting light that does not directly intercept the photovoltaic cell toward the photovoltaic cell via total internal reflection in the cover.

Photoconversion device with enhanced photon absorption

A photovoltaic device cell comprising a first light transmissive electrical contact, an active region, a second light transmissive electrical contact, and a layered structure enclosing the active region, the layered structure being formed of two parts, a first part underlying the first light transmissive electrical contact and a second part overlying the second electrical contact and wherein the constants of the layers in these layered structures are interdependent such that light is localized within the active region.

Low Cost Focussing System Giving High Concentrations

There is disclosed a focussing system for concentrating radiation onto a target surface, comprising: a first reflective element forming part of the surface of a cone axially aligned along a first alignment axis, the first reflective element being positioned such that when planar radiation is incident on the first reflective element in a direction parallel to the first alignment axis, the planar radiation is focussed towards a first focus lying along the first alignment axis, wherein said part of the surface of a cone is contained within a sector having an included angle of less than 180 degrees; and a second reflective element having a reflective surface that at all points is flat in a direction parallel to a single reference direction, the second reflective element being positioned between the first reflective element and the first focus such that, when planar radiation is incident on the first reflective element in a direction parallel to the first alignment axis, radiation reflected from the first reflective element onto the second reflective element is focussed towards a second focus. A multiple target focussing system comprising a plurality of focussing systems, solar powered systems using focussing systems, kits, telescopes, defocussing light sources, and methods for assembling focussing systems are also disclosed.

Sunlight collection structure, multi light collection method, and sunlight transmission device

The present invention relates to a method for collecting sunlight through an image method by tracking the sun using a dish-shaped light collector or a paraboloidal light collector and, and to a method and an apparatus for transmitting high-density light as the collected sunlight to a remote place, to which the light is applied, and for generating super-high-density light by combining, in a multi-stage manner, the high-density light obtained through a plurality of light collectors. A first concave-paraboloidal reflector of a paraboloidal light collection unit can collect light, transmit the collected light to the remote place, and provide an efficient and quantitative use environment to an applied device by using a paraboloidal reflector set including: a first concave-paraboloidal mirror in which a slope of a paraboloide is provided to make a narrow width so that downward reflection is greater than or equal to 90% by an angle between an incident angle at an inner point of a paraboloidal mirror and a normal surface, the angle being larger than a critical angle, and which has an opening formed at the lower side of a central axis thereof; and a second convex-paraboloidal reflector, which has a small diameter, shares a focus of the first concave-paraboloidal mirror, and has a miniaturized shape of the first concave-paraboloidal mirror at a focal portion without an opening at a central axis thereof.

Concentrated photovoltaic/quantum well thermoelectric power source

A solar power source is a multi-layer structure consisting of photovoltaic and quantum well thermoelectric modules in electrical contact with, but thermally insulating from, each other. The structure generates power when focused solar energy is directed at the photovoltaic module which generates power, heats up, and subsequently generates a thermal gradient in the thermoelectric module which generates additional power. The thermoelectric module may generate additional electrical energy using the Seebeck effect, or may cool the photovoltaic module using the Peltier effect.

Reflective photovoltaic solar concentration system

A reflective photovoltaic solar concentration system is formed by a primary reflecting mirror ( 1 ) changing the direction of the light beams entering the system and redirecting the beams toward a secondary reflecting mirror ( 2 ), changing again the direction of the received light beams and redirecting them toward a tertiary optical element ( 3 ), which in turn transmits the received light beams to a photovoltaic receiver. The tertiary optical element ( 3 ) has a convex-curved input face ( 4 ) of circular section, and truncated pyramid section ( 5 ) which transmits the received light beams by complete internal reflection to a photovoltaic receiver. The leading end ( 6 ) of the truncated pyramid section ( 5 ) has, immediately after the input face ( 4 ), a circular cross-section ( 6 ) which is progressively transformed into a square cross-section until reaching the trailing end ( 7 ) of the truncated pyramid section ( 5 ).

Heliostat Tracking And Operation For A Solar Power Generation Plant

A method and system is provided whereby heliostats in a solar power plant may be calibrated without being aimed away from the receiver. The heliostats may be moved through a calibration path different from their operational path. The calibration path may start from any point along the operational path of the heliostat and may move the reflected sunlight from the heliostat across a portion of the solar receiver. Individual power generation receiver modules may be monitored to detect changes in output as the calibration path takes the heliostat reflection across various receiver modules.

Solar receiver and associated energy conversion apparatus

The disclosed invention relates to solar-thermal receiver tubes for heating high-temperature fluids such as molten salts and oils, such as those used in conjunction with trough reflectors or concentric concentrators. The disclosed invention utilizes fused silica receiver tube assemblies that provide optical absorption by way of optically-absorbing media that is imbedded within the thermal transfer fluid, preferably comprising inorganic “dyes” that comprise pulverized thin film coatings or dissolved materials that are specifically designed for maximizing optical absorption. Alternatively, the chemistry of the transfer fluid can be modified to increase optical absorption, or the optically absorbing media may comprise fine powders with density preferably similar to the thermal transfer fluid, such as fine graphite powder; or, in another preferred embodiment, absorbing means within the heat transfer fluid comprise a solid absorbing element disposed along the central axis of the receiver tube's interior.

Solar receiver

A concentrated photovoltaic receiver is exposed to concentrated sunlight so that the concentrated photovoltaic receiver generates electricity. The concentrated photovoltaic receiver is mounted on a solar receiver. The fluid is passed through a narrowed region within the solar receiver. The narrowed region is located adjacent to the concentrated photovoltaic receiver so that thermal energy is transferred from the concentrated sunlight to the fluid as the fluid passes through the narrowed region.

Solar concentrator assembly

The present invention provides a solar concentrator assembly comprising a non-imaging dish concentrator and a photovoltaic receiver for the application of concentrator photovoltaic system that provides uniform solar flux, matches the square or rectangular solar images to the square or rectangular dimension of the photovoltaic receiver and produces high solar concentration ratio. The present invention also provides a solar concentrator assembly that is cost effective and has simpler mechanical structure.

Space machine

A technique which can reduce a cost of a space machine installed with a solar cell. The space machine is composed of a light collecting unit and the solar cell. The light collecting unit is arranged on a surface of the body of the space machine to collect incident sun light inside the body. The solar cell is installed inside the body to receive the sun light collected by the light collecting unit.

Solar module

A solar module having improved photoelectric conversion efficiency is provided. The solar module ( 1 ) is provided with a bifacial light-receiving solar cell ( 10 ), a transparent member ( 15 ), a weather-resistant member ( 14 ), and a bonding layer ( 13 ). The bonding layer ( 13 ) includes at least two media ( 13 b, 13 c ) having different refractive indices. Interfaces ( 22, 23 ) are formed by at least two media ( 13 b, 13 c ) and are positioned in a region unoccupied by the solar cells ( 10 ). The interfaces ( 22, 23 ) are configured such that at least some of the light that is incident on the interfaces ( 22, 23 ) in a direction (z) perpendicular to the solar module ( 1 ) is guided to the back surface ( 10 b ) of the solar cells ( 10 ).

Apparatus Pertaining to Solar Cells Having Nanowire Titanium Oxide Cores and Graphene Exteriors and the Co-Generation Conversion of Light into Electricity Using Such Solar Cells

An apparatus comprising a plurality of solar cells that each comprise a nanowire titanium oxide core having graphene disposed thereon. By one approach this plurality of solar cells can comprise, at least in part, a titanium foil having the plurality of solar cells disposed thereon wherein at least a majority of the solar cells are aligned substantially parallel to one another and substantially perpendicular to the titanium foil. Such a plurality of solar cells can be disposed between a source of light and another modality of solar energy conversion such that both the solar cells and the another modality of solar energy conversion generate electricity using a same source of light.

Manufacture of a Solar Module

A photovoltaic cell with reduced shading and series resistance for increased efficiency. A contact grid containing a set of optical structures is embedded into a substrate. An array of electrical contacts is aligned and in electrical communication with the optical structures and provides electrical communication between the active layer and the substrate.

Solar energy systems using external reflectors

A solar energy concentrating system with high light collection efficiency includes a light concentrating unit, a light homogenizing unit and photovoltaic modules. The light concentrating unit includes a parabolic reflector and an ellipsoidal reflector which are coaxial and confocal. The light homogenizing unit includes an infrared filter and a hollow spherical reflector with a hole in its surface. When the system is under illumination, light is concentrated by the light concentrating unit through the hole in the spherical reflector surface and reflected by the inner surface of the spherical reflector onto the photovoltaic modules. The infrared filter covers the hole in the spherical reflector surface and reduces the heat in the photovoltaic modules under concentrated light. The combination of the parabolic reflector and the ellipsoidal reflector obtain highly concentrated light, and the hollow spherical reflector ensures light uniformity on the photovoltaic modules and light utilization efficiency.

Concentrator solar receiver with improved homogenizer

A concentrator solar receiver with an improved homogenizer is revealed. A homogenizer used in a concentrator solar module is improved. Instead of a smooth flat surface, a bottom surface of the homogenizer can be a positively curved surface, a conic solid, or a truncated tapered structure. Moreover, the bottom surface can be a rough surface. Thus not only the glue-overflow problem occurred during adhesion of the homogenizer to the solar cell can be solved, but also the possibility of air bubbles remaining between the glue and the homogenizer is reduced. Therefore the yield rate of a concentrator solar module is improved and the service life of the concentrator solar module is prolonged.

Light-trapping sheet and rod, and light-receiving device and light-emitting device using the same

A light-trapping sheet includes: a light-transmitting sheet having first and second principal surfaces; and a plurality of light-coupling structures arranged in an inner portion of the light-transmitting sheet, wherein: each of the plurality of light-coupling structures includes a first light-transmitting layer, a second light-transmitting layer, and a third light-transmitting layer sandwiched therebetween; a refractive index of the first and second light-transmitting layers is smaller than a refractive index of the light-transmitting sheet; a refractive index of the third light-transmitting layer is larger than the refractive index of the first and second light-transmitting layers; and the third light-transmitting layer has a two-dimensional diffraction grating parallel to the first and second principal surfaces of the light-transmitting sheet.

Patterned glass cylindrical lens arrays for concentrated photovoltaic systems, and/or methods of making the same

Certain example embodiments of this invention relate to patterned glass that can be used as a cylindrical lens array in a concentrated photovoltaic application, and/or methods of making the same. In certain example embodiments, the lens arrays may be used in combination with strip solar cells and/or single-axis tracking systems. That is, in certain example embodiments, lenses in the lens array may be arranged so as to concentrate incident light onto respective strip solar cells, and the entire assembly may be connected to a single-axis tracking system that is programmed to follow the East-West movement of the sun. A low-iron glass may be used in connection with certain example embodiments. Such techniques may advantageously help to reduce cost per watt related, in part, to the potentially reduced amount of semiconductor material to be used for such example embodiments.

Lead Frame Package for Solar Concentrators

Techniques for providing high-capacity, re-workable connections in concentrated photovoltaic devices are provided. In one aspect, a lead frame package for a photovoltaic device is provided that includes a beam shield; and one or more lead frame connectors affixed to the beam shield, wherein the lead frame connectors are configured to provide connection to the photovoltaic device when the photovoltaic device is assembled to the lead frame package. A photovoltaic apparatus is also provided that includes a lead frame package assembled to a photovoltaic device. The lead frame package includes a beam shield and one or more lead frame connectors affixed to the beam shield, wherein the lead frame connectors are configured to provide connection to the photovoltaic device.

Concentrating Solar Energy Collector

Systems, methods, and apparatus by which solar energy may be collected to provide heat, electricity, or a combination of heat and electricity are disclosed herein.

Solar system alignment tool and method

An alignment tool for aligning torque tubes of the solar collection system can include a rigid body member and two laterally extending alignment arms. Optionally, the alignment arms can include releasable clamps that can engage and disengage without the use of tools. The tool can be designed to straddle a sun-tracking drive of a sun-tracking solar system. Thus, the tool can be used both during initial construction as well as after construction is complete for alignment purposes.

LOW CONCENTRATION SOLAR COLLECTOR SYSTEM

A device and system for providing low concentration solar collection is disclosed. The device comprises a reflective parabolic trough, an evacuated tube collector, and a geared element for enabling the trough to utilize one-axis solar tracking. The system utilizes arrays of the solar collection devices, connected to a motor or actuator, to synchronize the tracking of each of the solar collection devices in the array. The heated fluid in each solar collection device is then transferred to a fluid flowing in a fluid transfer tube, where the fluid can be transported to a storage system for future power generation. 1. A solar collector device comprising:an evacuated tube collector having an end portion;a low-concentration parabolic trough having an end wall and at least one reflective surface facing the evacuated tube collector, the trough connecting to the evacuated tube collector; anda geared element connected to the end wall.2. The solar collector device according to claim 1 , wherein the parabolic trough is comprised of polycarbonate.3. The solar collector device according to claim 2 , wherein at least a portion of the trough is twin walled.4. The solar collector device according to claim 1 , further comprising a sleeve bearing.5. The solar collector device according to claim 4 , wherein the sleeve bearing is comprised of ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene.6. The solar collector device according to claim 1 , wherein the parabolic trough is between 1.5 and 3 meters in length.7. The solar collector device according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the system is between about 3 and about 20.8. The solar collector device according to claim 1 , wherein the evacuated tube collector is the physical axis for the rotation of the parabolic trough.9. A solar collection system comprising an evacuated tube collector having an end portion and at least one thermosiphoning tube;', 'a parabolic trough having an end wall and at least one reflective surface ...

Photovoltaic Power Converter Receiver

Provided is a photovoltaic power converter receiver, including a photovoltaic cell, a waveguide coupled to the photovoltaic cell, and an optical transmission device of which an end is coupled to the waveguide for transmitting an optical wave to the photovoltaic cell through the waveguide, wherein the end of the optical transmission device is offset from a longitudinal central axis of the waveguide by a distance D. 1. A photovoltaic power converter receiver , comprising:a photovoltaic cell;a waveguide coupled to the photovoltaic cell; and{'sub': 'offset', 'an optical transmission device of which an end is coupled to the waveguide for transmitting an optical wave to the photovoltaic cell through the waveguide, wherein the end of the optical transmission device is offset from a longitudinal central axis of the waveguide by a distance D.'}2. The photovoltaic power converter receiver of claim 1 , wherein the photovoltaic cell is a vertical multi-junction (VMJ) photovoltaic cell.3. The photovoltaic power converter receiver of claim 1 , further comprising a header to which the photovoltaic cell is attached.4. The photovoltaic power converter receiver of claim 3 , further comprising a cap claim 3 , wherein a hermetic seal is formed between the cap and the header.5. The photovoltaic power converter receiver of claim 4 , wherein the cap comprises a unit providing a pathway for the optical wave to arrive at the photovoltaic cell.6. The photovoltaic power converter receiver of claim 4 , wherein the waveguide is disposed between the cap and the header so that the hermetic seal is formed between the cap claim 4 , the waveguide claim 4 , and the header.7. The photovoltaic power converter receiver of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide has a rectangular inlet cross-section and a rectangular outlet cross-section.8. The photovoltaic power converter receiver of claim 7 , wherein an area of the rectangular inlet cross-section is substantially equal to or greater than an area of the ...

MONOLITHIC METAMORPHIC MULTI-JUNCTION SOLAR CELL

A monolithic multi-junction solar cell comprising a first III-V subcell and a second III-V subcell and a third III-V subcell and a fourth Ge subcell, wherein the subcells are stacked on top of one another in the specified order, and the first subcell forms the top subcell and a metamorphic buffer is formed between the third subcell and the fourth subcell and all subcells each have an n-doped emitter layer and a p-doped base layer and the emitter doping in the second subcell is lower than the base doping. 1. A monolithic metamorphic multiple solar cell comprising:a first III-V subcell;a second III-V subcell;a third III-V subcell;a fourth Ge subcell, the first, second, third and fourth subcells being stacked on top of one another in the specified order, and the first subcell forms the top subcell, the first, second, third, and fourth subcells each have an n-doped emitter layer and a p-doped base layer;a metamorphic buffer formed between the third subcell and the fourth subcell;wherein no semiconductor bond is formed between the first, second, third and fourth subcells,wherein a thickness of the emitter layer of the second subcell is less than a thickness of the base layer,wherein the emitter doping in the second subcell is lower than the base doping, andwherein the second subcell is formed as a hetero cell.2. The monolithic metamorphic multi-junction solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein an emitter doping in the second subcell is lower than a base doping at least by a factor of 3.3. The monolithic metamorphic multi-junction solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the base layer in the second subcell comprises InGaAsP or consists of InGaAsP.4. The monolithic metamorphic multi-junction solar cell according to claim 3 , wherein the thickness of the base layer in the second subcell is greater than 100 nm claim 3 , wherein the base layer has an arsenic content based on the elements of main group V between 22% and 33% and an indium content based on the elements of ...

Solar cell panel

A solar cell panel is discussed. The solar cell panel includes a plurality of solar cells each including a substrate and an electrode part positioned on a surface of the substrate, an interconnector for electrically connecting at least one of the plurality of solar cells to another of the plurality of solar cells, and a conductive adhesive film including a resin and a plurality of conductive particles dispersed in the resin. The conductive adhesive film is positioned between the electrode part of the at least one of the plurality of solar cells and the interconnector to electrically connect the electrode part of the at least one of the plurality of solar cells to the interconnector. A width of the interconnector is equal to or greater than a width of the conductive adhesive film.

OPTICAL ENERGY TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

An optical energy transmission system having an energy-emitting unit is provided. The energy-emitting unit has a laser radiation source for generating an energy-transmitting laser beam and an aiming device for aligning the energy-transmitting laser beam relative to an energy-receiving unit which includes an optical/electrical converter, which converts the energy of the energy-transmitting laser beam into electrical energy. The converter has at least one converter element having a plurality of surfaces which reflect the energy-transmitting laser beam and which are arranged relative to one another such that the impinging energy-transmitting laser beam is deflected by one of the reflective surfaces to another one of the reflective surfaces. At least some of the reflective surfaces are formed by a conversion unit which reflects one part of the impinging laser beam and absorbs the other part thereof in a photovoltaic element, and in the process converts the optical energy into electrical energy. 1. An optical energy transmission system , comprising an energy-emitting unit , which comprises a laser radiation source for generating an energy-transmitting laser beam and an aiming device for aligning the energy-transmitting laser beam relative to an energy-receiving unit which is comprised by the energy transmission system and which comprises an optical/electrical converter that converts the energy of the energy-transmitting laser beam directly into electrical energy , wherein the converter comprises at least one converter element having a plurality of surfaces which reflect the energy-transmitting laser beam impinging on said converter element and which are arranged relative to one another such that the impinging energy-transmitting laser beam is deflected by one of the reflective surfaces to another one of the reflective surfaces , and that at least some of the reflective surfaces are formed in each case by a conversion unit which reflects one part of the impinging laser ...

BEAM SPLITTING OF SOLAR LIGHT BY REFLECTIVE FILTERS

A photovoltaic system is described that improves energy efficiency (conversion of solar energy to electrical energy) by beam-splitting, via reflective filters, the incident solar light into a reflective portion and an exit portion. The reflective portion and the exit portion are directed to respective photovoltaic cells that convert the incident light energy into electrical energy. The concentrated solar light is collimated then split via reflective filters saving on the reflective filter area and reducing overall bulkiness of the beam-splitting system. Further, a cascade of multiple filters is used to split either the reflected spectra or the exit spectra of solar light. 1. A photovoltaic system comprising:a concentrator configured to receive sunlight and focus the received light at one of a focus point and a focus line of the concentrator;a collimator positioned at the focus point and configured to convert the focused light into a parallel beam of light;a reflective filter positioned at a predetermined distance behind the collimator and disposed at a predetermined angle with respect to the collimator, the reflective filter being configured to receive and split the parallel beam of light into a first portion of light and a second portion of light;a first single junction photovoltaic cell configured to absorb the first portion of light and convert the absorbed first portion into electrical energy; anda second single-junction photovoltaic cell disposed behind the reflective filter and configured to absorb the second portion of light and convert the absorbed second portion into electrical energy, the second single junction photovoltaic cell being disposed perpendicular to the first single junction photovoltaic cell.2. The photovoltaic system of claim 1 , wherein the concentrator is one of a parabolic trough and a parabolic dish.3. The photovoltaic system of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined angle that the reflective filter is disposed with respect to the collimator ...

Micro-scale concentrated photovoltaic module

A photovoltaic (“PV”) module may comprise an array of freeform micro-optics and an array of PV cells. The PV module may be a flat panel with a nominal thickness smaller than the length and width of the flat panel. An array of lenses may be embedded in an array substrate. The lenses may be coupled to light pipes. The lenses may concentrate light through the light pipes to multi-junction cells. Diffuse light may be transferred through the array substrate to a silicon cell. The lenses and light pipes may be manufactured using a molding and drawing process.

METHOD OF MAKING MULTI-LAYER LIGHT CONVERTING OPTICAL STRUCTURES

A method of making multi-layer light converting optical structures including providing an artificial light source, an optically transmissive sheet having a parallel array of linear grooves, a reflective back cover sheet, and a planar light converting layered structure which is approximately coextensive with the planar optically transmissive sheet. The light converting layered structure includes a partially transmissive layer of a light absorbing medium sandwiched between two transparent layers. The light absorbing medium includes light absorbing elements distributed in a volume of an optically transmissive material and configured to absorb light in a first wavelength more weakly than in a second wavelength. The method further includes positioning the light converting layered structure between the planar optically transmissive sheet and the reflective back cover sheet for enhanced light trapping and conversion. 1. A method of making a multi-layer light converting optical structure , comprising:providing an artificial light source configured to emit diffuse light in a visible spectral band;providing a planar optically transmissive sheet having a rectangular shape with four edges, a thickness of less than one millimeter, and a width and/or length of 100 millimeters or more, wherein a front surface of the planar optically transmissive sheet comprises a parallel array of linear grooves each defined by a pair of sloped planar walls and extending along straight lines between two of the four edges;providing a reflective back cover sheet which is approximately coextensive with the planar optically transmissive sheet;providing a planar array of lenses distributed according to a regular pattern over an area which is approximately coextensive with the planar optically transmissive sheet;providing a planar light converting layered structure which is approximately coextensive with the planar optically transmissive sheet and comprises a first transparent layer, a second ...

Wireless Power Distribution Systems and Methods

Apparatus, methods and systems of wireless power distribution are disclosed. Embodiments involve the redirection of collimated energy to a converter, which stores or converts the energy into a more suitable form of energy for at least one specific point-of-use that is coupled to the converter. 129-. (canceled)30. A wireless power routing system , comprising:a power beam generator configured to form a collimated power beam by adjusting a flux density of the power beam as a function of a change in one or more optical properties of at least one beam redirector operated by a switch, wherein the one or more optical properties include at least one of an index of refraction, opacity, absorption, reflectivity, an energy gap, a band gap, or a junction type;at least one beam redirector in communication with the switch and configured to receive the collimated power beam and direct the collimated power beam to near a point of power consumption; andat least one power storage device associated with the point of power consumption, the at least one power storage device configured to store at least a portion of the collimated power beam's energy for later use at the point of power consumption.31. The system of claim 30 , wherein the at least one power storage device is further configured to convert at least a portion of the collimated power beam's energy to a useable power for use at the point of power consumption.32. The system of claim 30 , wherein the at least one power storage device comprises a plurality of power storage devices.33. The system of claim 30 , wherein the switch operates according to triggering criteria.34. The system of claim 33 , wherein a state of the switch is changed as a function of sensor data from one or more sensors.35. The system of claim 34 , wherein the state of the switch determines whether at least a portion of the collimated power beam is stored at a given time.36. The system of claim 34 , wherein the state of the switch determines a ratio of the ...

Collector sheet for solar cell, and solar cell module using collector sheet for solar cell

Provided is a collector sheet for a solar cell, and contributing to improvement of power generation efficiency. A collector sheet ( 5 ) for a solar cell is disposed on the rear surface side of a solar cell element ( 4 ), and is provided with: a circuit ( 54 ), which is formed on the front surface of a resin base material ( 53 ), and which is configured of a wiring section ( 541 ) composed of a metal, and a non-wiring section ( 542 ); and an insulating layer ( 52 ), which is formed on the circuit ( 54 ). Light extraction to the solar cell element ( 4 ) due to reflection from the insulating layer ( 52 ) is increased, said insulating layer being disposed at the element periphery of the solar cell element ( 4 ), by having a white pigment contained in the insulating layer ( 52 ), and power generation efficiency is improved even in a back contact solar cell element.

Solar cell module

A solar cell module includes a solar cell string comprising a plurality of solar cells, a light-receiving-surface protective member disposed on a light receiving surface side of the solar cell string, a back-surface protective member disposed on a back surface side of the solar cell string, and a plurality of metal films. Each of the solar cells includes a photoelectric conversion part, a patterned light-receiving-surface metal electrode provided on a light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion part, and a patterned back-surface metal electrode provided on a back surface of the photoelectric conversion part. Each of the metal films is provided between the photoelectric conversion part of the solar cell and the back-surface protective member, forming a cell exposed region on a peripheral edge of a back surface of the solar cell.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANIPULATING SOLAR ENERGY

An apparatus for generating electricity from solar radiation having a solar spectrum is provided. The apparatus includes a photovoltaic mirror comprising a plurality of photovoltaic cells, the photovoltaic mirror configured to separate the solar spectrum, absorb a first portion of the solar spectrum, and concentrate a second portion of the solar spectrum at a focus. The apparatus also includes an energy collector spaced from the photo-voltaic mirror and positioned at the focus, the energy collector configured for capturing the second portion of the solar spectrum. 1. An apparatus for converting energy from solar radiation having a solar spectrum , the apparatus comprising:a photovoltaic mirror comprising a plurality of photovoltaic cells, the photovoltaic mirror configured to separate the solar spectrum, absorb a first portion of the solar spectrum, and concentrate a second portion of the solar spectrum at a focus; andan energy collector spaced from the photovoltaic mirror and positioned at the focus, the energy collector configured for capturing the second portion of the solar spectrum.2. The apparatus of wherein:the photovoltaic mirror includes at least one filter for diverting the second portion of the solar spectrum to the focus.3. The apparatus of wherein:the at least one filter comprises an optical coating structured to reflect a range of wavelengths of the solar radiation.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , whereinthe at least one filter comprises at least a first layer and a second layer, the first layer having a refractive index different from the second layer.5. The apparatus of wherein:the wavelengths are shorter than 700 nanometers.6. The apparatus of wherein:the wavelengths are larger than 1000 nanometers.7. The apparatus of wherein:the plurality of photovoltaic cells has a band gap, andthe range of wavelengths is a sub-band gap range.8. The apparatus of wherein:the plurality of photovoltaic cells generates electricity from a range of absorbed wavelengths ...

SPECTRAL LIGHT SPLITTING MODULE AND PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

A light splitting optical module that converts incident light into electrical energy, the module including a solid optical element comprising an input end for receiving light, a first side, and a second side spaced from the first side, a first solar cell adjacent to the first side of the solid optical element, and a second solar cell adjacent to the second side of the solid optical element. The first solar cell is positioned to absorb a first subset of incident light and reflect a first remainder of the incident light to the second solar cell through the solid optical element, wherein the first solar cell has a lower band gap than the second cell. 1. A light splitting optical module that converts incident light into electrical energy , the module comprising:a solid optical element comprising an input end for receiving light, a first side, and a second side spaced from the first side;a first solar cell adjacent to the first side of the solid optical element; anda second solar cell adjacent to the second side of the solid optical element;wherein the module is configured to provide absorbance of incident light above at least one of the cells with the first solar cell that is positioned to absorb a first subset of incident light and reflect a first remainder of the incident light to the second solar cell through the solid optical element, wherein the first solar cell has a lower band gap than the second solar cell.2. The optical module of in combination with an optical concentrator element that collects and concentrates incident light claim 1 , wherein the optical concentrator element directs light into the input end of the solid optical element.3. The optical module according to claim 1 , further comprising a long pass filter adjacent to the first side of the solid optical element claim 1 , wherein the long pass filter transmits the first subset of incident light to the first solar cell and reflects a first remainder of the incident light to the second solar cell ...

PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANT

Described herein is a photovoltaic plant () including a plurality of photovoltaic modules (PV) arranged in arrays () spaced with respect to each other, and wherein the photovoltaic modules (PV) of each array () have a first assigned inclination (α-l) with respect to a reference direction. Each array () of photovoltaic modules (PV) is associated to an array () of mobile reflection devices (RF) set adjacent thereto, and at least one array () of mobile reflection devices (RF) is located in a space between successive arrays () of photovoltaic modules. The mobile reflection devices (RF) of each array have a second assigned inclination (a) with respect to a reference direction. The arrays () of photovoltaic modules (PV) and the arrays () of mobile reflection devices (RF) associated to one another includes respective front surfaces () set facing one another, and the mobile reflection devices (RF) of each array are orientable by variation of said second inclination (a) in order to intercept the incident solar radiation (ISR) and reflect the latter (RSR) towards the photovoltaic modules (PV) of the associated array (). 1. A photovoltaic plant including a plurality of photovoltaic modules arranged in arrays spaced with respect to each other , and wherein the photovoltaic modules of each array have a first assigned inclination with respect to a reference direction , whereinwherein associated to each array of photovoltaic modules is an array of mobile reflection devices set adjacent thereto, and wherein at least one array of mobile reflection devices is located in a space between successive arrays of photovoltaic modules;wherein the mobile reflection devices of each array have a second inclination with respect to a reference direction; in that the arrays of photovoltaic modules and the arrays of mobile reflection devices associated to one another include respective front surfaces set facing one another; andwherein the mobile reflection devices of each array are orientable by ...

REPLACEABLE SOLAR BULB ASSEMBLY FOR USE WITH A SOLAR RECEIVER ARRAY

A replaceable solar bulb assembly generates electrical energy that includes a photo voltaic cell for converting solar energy into electrical energy. A housing includes at least one reflector for focusing the solar energy on the photo voltaic cell. A connector removably and mechanically connects the housing to a solar receiver array and electrically connects the photo voltaic cell to the solar receiver array. 1. A solar bulb assembly for installation in a solar receiver array including a plurality of solar bulb assemblies , comprising:a photo voltaic cell for converting solar energy into electrical energy;a housing for containing the photo voltaic cell; at least one member extending from the housing having a first end connected to the housing and a second end; and', 'at least one split ring spring contact, the at least one split ring spring contact opening to receive the second end of the at least one member responsive to the second end of the at least one member pressing against the at least one split ring spring contact, wherein the second end of the at least one member is secured by the at least one split ring spring contact to provide the electrical and mechanical connection between the solar bulb assembly and the solar receiver array., 'a connector for mechanically and electrically connecting the solar bulb assembly to the solar receiver array, the connector comprising2. The solar bulb assembly of claim 1 , wherein the housing further comprises:a primary reflector having an open side for receiving the solar energy and defining an opening for receiving focused solar energy; anda secondary reflector for receiving solar energy reflected from the primary reflector and providing the focused solar energy on the opening of the primary reflector.3. The solar bulb assembly of claim 2 , further including a transparent cover enclosing the open side of the primary reflector and supporting the secondary reflector above a surface of the primary reflector.4. The solar bulb ...

SOLAR CELL MODULE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A method for manufacturing a solar cell module, the method includes a cell forming operation for forming a first solar cell and a second solar cell by, for each of the first and second solar cells, attaching a first auxiliary electrode and a second auxiliary electrode to a back surface of a semiconductor substrate on which a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes are formed; and a cell string forming operation for connecting the first auxiliary electrode of the first solar cell to the second auxiliary electrode of the second solar cell through an interconnector to form a cell string. 1. A method for manufacturing a solar cell module , the method comprising:a cell forming operation for forming a first solar cell and a second solar cell by, for each of the first and second solar cells, attaching a first auxiliary electrode and a second auxiliary electrode to a back surface of a semiconductor substrate on which a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes are formed; anda cell string forming operation for connecting the first auxiliary electrode of the first solar cell to the second auxiliary electrode of the second solar cell through an interconnector to form a cell string.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell forming operation includes claim 1 , for each of the first and second solar cells:an attaching operation for attaching an insulating member, on which the first auxiliary electrode and the second auxiliary electrode are formed, to the back surface of the semiconductor substrate; anda peeling operation for separating the insulating member from the first auxiliary electrode and the second auxiliary electrode.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein in the attaching operation claim 2 , the first and second auxiliary electrodes cross a longitudinal direction of the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes claim 2 , and are attached to the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of ...

ADHESIVE FOR LIGHT REDIRECTING FILM

The present disclosure relates to adhesives useful in preventing drifting during lamination of light redirecting films applied to photovoltaic cells. The adhesives of the present disclosure have other useful applications in bonding and/or affixing other solar energy components. 2. A light redirecting article according to claim 1 , wherein the adhesive has a dynamic shear at 100° C. greater than 30 N/(½ inch) and a peel adhesion value greater than 150 g/(½ inch).3. A light redirecting article according to claim 1 , wherein the adhesive has a dynamic shear at 100° C. greater than 30 N/(½ inch) and a peel adhesion value greater than 200 g/(½ inch).4. A light redirecting article according to claim 1 , wherein the adhesive has a dynamic shear at 100° C. from 20 N/(½ inch) to 130 N/(½ inch)and a peel adhesion value greater than 130 g/(½ inch).5. A light redirecting article according to claim 1 , wherein the adhesive has a dynamic shear at 100° C. from 20 N/(½ inch) to 135 N/(½ inch)and a peel adhesion value greater than 130 g/(½ inch).6. A light redirecting article according to claim 1 , wherein the adhesive has a dynamic shear at 100° C. from 20 N/(½ inch) to 125 N/(½ inch)and a peel adhesion value from 130 g/(½ inch) to 2000 g/(½ inch).7. A light redirecting article according to claim 1 , wherein the adhesive has a dynamic shear at 100° C. from 35 N/(½ inch) to 125 N/(½ inch)and a peel adhesion value from 125 g/(½ inch) to 1500 g/(½ inch).8. A light redirecting article according to claim 1 , wherein the adhesive is a heat activated adhesive.9. A light redirecting article according to claim 1 , wherein the adhesive is an ethylene vinyl acetate adhesive.10. A light redirecting article according to claim 1 , wherein the adhesive is an ethylene vinyl acetate adhesive composition that has been cured with UV radiation.11. A light redirecting article according to claim 1 , wherein the light redirecting article is an elongated strip.12. A light redirecting article according to ...

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE WITH ENHANCED LIGHT COLLECTION

The present invention is applied to photo voltaic module enhanced light. In particular, the present invention relates to glass-glass and back contact photo photovoltaic modules with enhanced conversion efficiency in areas that are not usually active. 1. A photovoltaic module with back contact cells comprising:a front support layer,at least one solar cell,at least one reflective layer behind the front support layer,the at least one reflective layer comprising a surface for redirecting light to the at least one solar cell.2. A photovoltaic module comprising:a front surface comprised of a transparent front support layer,a back surface comprised of a back protective layer,at least an encapsulating layer between the transparent front support layer and at least one solar cell,the at least one solar cell comprising a front side and a back side,at least two contacts on a back side of the at least one solar cell,at least a second encapsulating layer between the at least one solar cell and a conductive material and with local openings to be occupied by an electrical connection between the at least one contact and the conductive material, andat least one reflective layer disposed in the interstitial space adjacent to the at least one solar cell, the at least one reflective layer comprising a surface for redirecting light to the at least one solar cell.3. The photovoltaic module of claim 2 , wherein the surface of the at least one reflective layer is for redirecting light indirectly to the at least one solar cell.4. The photovoltaic module of claim 3 , wherein the surface of the at least one reflective layer is patterned with a plurality of structures.5. (canceled)6. The photovoltaic module of claim 2 , wherein the at least one reflective layer comprises an inorganic coating.7. The photovoltaic module of claim 2 , wherein the at least one reflective layer comprises an organic coating.8. The photovoltaic module of claim 2 , wherein the at least one reflective layer is coupled ...

WIRELESS POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Apparatus, methods and systems of wireless power distribution are disclosed. Embodiments involve the redirection of collimated energy to a converter, which stores or converts the energy into a more suitable form of energy for at least one specific point-of-use that is coupled to the converter. 129-. (canceled)30. A wireless power routing system , comprising:a power beam generator configured to form a collimated power beam by adjusting a beam property of the collimated power beam as a function of one or more optical properties of one or more power elements capable of changing a path of the collimated power beam along a pathway;at least one beam redirector communicatively coupled with a switch and configured using the switch to receive the collimated power beam and direct the collimated power beam; andat least one power storage device that stores at least a portion of the collimated power beam's energy after the collimated power beam has been directed from the at least one beam redirector.31. The system of claim 30 , wherein the at least one power storage device is further configured to convert at least a portion of the collimated power beam's energy to a useable power for use at a point of power consumption.32. The system of claim 30 , wherein the at least one power storage device comprises a plurality of power storage devices.33. The system of claim 30 , wherein the switch operates according to triggering criteria.34. The system of claim 33 , wherein a state of the switch is based on sensor data from one or more sensors.35. The system of claim 34 , wherein the state of the switch determines whether at least a portion of the collimated power beam is stored at a given time.36. The system of claim 34 , wherein the state of the switch determines a ratio of the collimated power beam that is stored at a given time.37. The system of claim 30 , wherein the switch is configured to alter a direction of the collimated power beam via the at least one beam redirector.38. The ...

Solar module

A solar module with improved output characteristics is provided. Between adjacent solar cells ( 10 ), a first busbar portion ( 13 b ) of one solar cell ( 10 ) faces a second busbar portion ( 14 b ) of the other solar cell ( 10 ). The solar module ( 1 ) is also provided with a light-reflecting surface ( 21 ) arranged in a region between the one solar cell ( 10 ) and the other solar cell ( 10 ). The light-reflecting surface ( 21 ) reflects more of the light incident on the region from the first protecting member ( 16 ) towards the one solar cell ( 10 ) than towards the other solar cell ( 10 ).

HIGH POWER SOLAR CELL MODULE

A high power solar cell module including a cover plate, a back plate, a first encapsulant, a second encapsulant, a plurality of P type passivated emitter rear contact solar cells and a plurality of reflective connection ribbons is provided. Each of the P type passivated emitter rear contact solar cells has a light receiving surface and a non-light receiving surface opposite to the light receiving surface. The reflective connection ribbons are located between the first encapsulant and the second encapsulant, and any two adjacent P type passivated emitter rear contact solar cells are connected in series along a first direction by at least four of the reflective connection ribbons. Each of the reflective connection ribbons has a plurality of triangle columnar structures. Each of the triangle columnar structures points to the cover plate and extends along the first direction. 1. A high power solar cell module , comprising:a cover plate;a back plate, opposite to the cover plate;a first encapsulant, located between the cover plate and the back plate;a second encapsulant, located between the first encapsulant and the back plate;a plurality of P-type passivated emitter rear contact solar cells, located between the first encapsulant and the second encapsulant, and each of the P-type passivated emitter rear contact solar cells having a light receiving surface and a non-light receiving surface opposite to the light receiving surface; anda plurality of reflective connection ribbons, located between the first encapsulant and the second encapsulant, wherein any two adjacent P-type passivated emitter rear contact solar cells are connected in series along a first direction by at least four of the reflective connection ribbons, each of the reflective connection ribbons has a plurality of triangle columnar structures, and each of the triangle columnar structures points to the cover plate and extends along the first direction, wherein the reflective connection ribbons are respectively ...

METHOD FOR COLLECTING SOLAR RADIATION AND TRANSFORMING IT INTO HEAT ENERGY

A solar thermal collecting system captures solar radiation into a vessel containing an opaque or partially opaque fluid medium. The solar radiation is reflected and intensified using interior parabolic reflectors inside the vessel to generate hot zones throughout the fluid medium; and the generated heat in the fluid medium is transported to a separate system designed to utilize the heat with minimal heat loss. The system of the present invention comprises a vessel that contains the fluid medium. An at least partially transparent or translucent lid enables passage of solar radiation into the vessel. The lid may have integrated solar panels to generate power from solar radiation. Multiple reflective parabolic reflectors integrated in the vessel focus solar radiation throughout the fluid medium to create hot zones that intensifies heating the fluid medium. The vessel is resilient to withstand variances in pressure and temperature. After fluid medium absorbs heat, an insulated conduit transports the heated fluid medium for storage or other beneficial uses such as conversion to power with minimal heat loss. 1. A method of capturing solar radiation and transforming it into heat energy , the method comprising:at least partially filling a vessel with an at least partially opaque fluid medium defined by a predetermined thermal capacity, wherein the vessel is defined by an inner sidewall, an outer sidewall, and an opening, the inner and outer sidewalls forming a cavity, wherein the outer sidewall of the vessel is insulated;covering the opening in the vessel by a transparent lid, wherein the lid enables passage of solar radiation into the cavity, further the lid may include integrated one or more solar panels to generate electrical power directly from the solar radiation;exposing the at least partially opaque fluid medium to the solar radiation to heat the fluid medium;intensifying the heat generated in the fluid medium by integrating multiple parabolic reflectors into the ...

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODULE

The present invention relates to a photovoltaic cell module. The present invention can provide a photovoltaic cell module with excellent durability capable of preventing separation of layers constituting the module and the decolorization and discoloration of an encapsulant, caused by long-term use or moisture permeation. In addition, the present invention can provide a photovoltaic cell module with excellent power generation efficiency. 1. A photovoltaic cell module comprising:an upper substrate;a lower substrate; anda photovoltaic cell or a photovoltaic cell array; andan encapsulant between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, the encapsulant comprising a first layer comprising an aryl group-containing silicone resin and a second layer comprising an aryl group-containing silicone resin and a light scattering particle that is uniformly dispersed in the second layer, {'br': None, 'i': 'X≧', '0.15\u2003\u2003[General Formula 1]'}, 'wherein the aryl group-containing silicone resin comprised in the first layer satisfies a condition of General Formula 1wherein, X represents an average molar ratio (aryl groups/silicon atoms) of the aryl groups in the aryl group-containing silicone resin with respect to the silicon atoms in the aryl group-containing silicone resin,wherein the photovoltaic cell or the photovoltaic cell array is encapsulated by the first layer comprising an aryl group-containing silicone,wherein the second layer is in direct physical contact with the first layer and not to be in contact with the photovoltaic cell or photovoltaic cell array, [{'br': None, 'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6, 'sub': 1/2', 'a', '2/2', 'b', '3/2', 'c', '4/2', 'd, '(RRRSiO)(RRSiO)(RSiO)(SiO)\u2003\u2003[Chemical Formula 1]'}, {'br': None, 'sup': 7', '8, 'sub': '2/2', '(RRSiO)\u2003\u2003[Chemical Formula 2]'}, {'br': None, 'sup': '9', 'sub': '3/2', '(RSiO)\u2003\u2003[Chemical Formula 3]'}], 'wherein the aryl group-containing silicone resin comprised in the first layer is a ...

Solar Power System using Hybrid Trough and Photovoltaic Two-Stage Light Concentration

A solar power method is provided using two-stage light concentration to drive concentrating photovoltaic conversion in conjunction with thermal collection. The method concentrates light rays received in a plurality of transverse planes towards a primary linear focus in an axial plane, which is orthogonal to the transverse planes. T band wavelengths of light are transmitted to the primary linear focus. R band wavelengths of light are reflected towards a secondary linear focus in the axial plane, which is parallel to the primary linear focus. The light received at the primary linear focus is translated into thermal energy. The light received at the secondary linear focus is focused by optical elements along a plurality of tertiary linear foci, which are orthogonal to the axial plane. The focused light in each tertiary primary focus is focused into a plurality of receiving areas, and translated into electrical energy. 1. A hybrid trough solar power system using two-stage light concentration to drive concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) conversion in conjunction with a thermal collector , the system comprising:a reflective trough having a primary axis and a parabolic curved surface for concentrating light rays received in a plurality of transverse planes into a primary linear focus in an axial plane, orthogonal to the transverse planes;a dichroic spectrum splitter having a hyperbolically curved surface, an axis aligned in parallel to the primary linear focus, and a position between the reflective trough and the primary linear focus, the dichroic spectrum splitter transmitting T band wavelengths of light, and reflecting R band wavelengths of light to a secondary linear focus formed parallel to a vertex of the reflective trough in the axial plane;a thermal collection tube aligned along the primary linear focus for the T band wavelengths of light; one optical element focusing the R band wavelengths of light reflected by the dichroic spectrum splitter along a tertiary linear ...

Asymmetric Tracking-Integrated Optics for Solar Concentration

A method is provided for using asymmetrically focused photovoltaic conversion in a hybrid parabolic trough solar power system. Light rays received in a plurality of transverse planes are concentrated towards a primary linear focus in an axial plane, orthogonal to the transverse planes. T band wavelengths of light are transmitted to the primary linear focus, while R band wavelengths of light are reflected towards a secondary linear focus in the axial plane. The light received at the primary linear focus is translated into thermal energy. The light received at the secondary linear focus is asymmetrically focused along a plurality of tertiary linear foci, orthogonal to the axial plane. The focused light in each tertiary linear focus is concentrated into a plurality of receiving areas and translated into electrical energy. Asymmetrical optical elements are used having an optical input interfaces elongated along rotatable axes, orthogonal to the axial plane. 1. A hybrid trough solar power system using concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) conversion in conjunction with a thermal collector , the system comprising:a reflective trough having a primary axis and a parabolic curved surface for concentrating light rays received in a plurality of transverse planes into a primary linear focus in an axial plane, orthogonal to the transverse planes;a dichroic spectrum splitter having a hyperbolically curved surface, an axis aligned in parallel to the primary linear focus, and a position between the reflective trough and the primary linear focus, the dichroic spectrum splitter transmitting T band wavelengths of light, and reflecting R band wavelengths of light to a secondary linear focus formed parallel to a vertex of the reflective trough in the axial plane;a thermal collection tube aligned along the primary linear focus for the T band wavelengths of light; an optical element focusing the R band wavelengths of light reflected by the dichroic spectrum splitter along a tertiary linear ...

POWER-OVER-FIBER SAFETY SYSTEM

An electromagnetic energy transmitting device includes a processing unit, a light-detecting sensor coupled to the processing unit, and a high-flux electromagnetic energy transmitter. An electromagnetic energy receiver arranged to convert received light into electricity. A first fiber-based conduit couples the high-flux electromagnetic energy transmitter to the electromagnetic energy receiver. The first fiber-based conduit is arranged to pass high-flux light from the high-flux electromagnetic energy transmitter to the electromagnetic energy receiver. A second fiber-based conduit couples the electromagnetic energy receiver to the light-detecting sensor. The second fiber-based conduit is arranged to pass at least some light from the electromagnetic energy receiver to the light-detecting sensor, wherein the processing unit is arranged to control an output of the high-flux light from the high-flux source based on a control signal from the light-detecting sensor. 1. A power-over-fiber safety system , comprising:a processing unit;a light-detecting sensor coupled to the processing unit;a high-flux electromagnetic energy transmitter;an electromagnetic energy receiver arranged to convert received light into electricity;a first fiber-based conduit optically coupling the high-flux electromagnetic energy transmitter to the electromagnetic energy receiver, the first fiber-based conduit arranged to pass high-flux light from the high-flux electromagnetic energy transmitter to the electromagnetic energy receiver; anda second fiber-based conduit optically coupling the electromagnetic energy receiver to the light-detecting sensor, the second fiber-based conduit arranged to pass at least some light from the electromagnetic energy receiver to the light-detecting sensor, wherein the processing unit is arranged to control an output of the high-flux light from the high-flux electromagnetic energy transmitter based on a control signal from the light-detecting sensor.2. A power-over-fiber ...

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING POWER BY AMPLIFYING SUNLIGHT

Disclosed is an apparatus for generating power by amplifying sunlight, including a sunlight amplifying means; and an energy storing means configured to support the sunlight amplifying means and to store an electric energy and a thermal energy generated from the sunlight amplifying means, wherein the sunlight amplifying means includes a first pipe formed of metallic material; a second pipe configured to enclose the first pipe; a solar photovoltaic module installed between the first pipe and the second pipe; and a sunlight amplifying sheet configured with concave mirrors or convex lenses having predetermined shapes and attached to the outer circumference of the second pipe so as to amplify sunlight. 1. An apparatus for generating power by amplifying sunlight , comprising:a sunlight amplifying means configured to collect and amplify sunlight; andan energy storing means configured to support the sunlight amplifying means and to store an electric energy and a thermal energy generated from the sunlight amplifying means,wherein the sunlight amplifying means comprises:a first pipe formed of metallic material and configured to accommodate a gas, liquid, gel or solid type heat transfer medium therein;a second pipe configured to enclose the first pipe;a solar photovoltaic module installed between the first pipe and the second pipe; anda sunlight amplifying sheet configured with concave mirrors or convex lenses having predetermined shapes, and attached to the outer circumference of the second pipe so as to amplify sunlight, andwherein the sunlight amplifying sheet comprises a plurality of light collection sheets formed of concave mirrors or convex lenses, and the concave mirrors or the convex lenses of the light collection sheets have sizes which become smaller or larger, in turn, from the inside of the second pipe toward the outside thereof in a radial direction.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the concave mirrors or the convex lenses of the sunlight amplifying sheet are ...

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT

A photoelectric conversion element includes a superlattice semiconductor layer including barrier sub-layers and quantum sub-layers (quantum dot sub-layers) alternately stacked and also includes a wavelength conversion layer containing a wavelength conversion material converting the wavelength of incident light. The wavelength conversion layer converts incident light into light with a wavelength corresponding to an optical transition from a quantum level of the conduction band of the superlattice semiconductor layer to a continuum level of the conduction band. 1. A photoelectric conversion element comprising:a superlattice semiconductor layer including barrier sub-layers and quantum sub-layers alternately stacked; anda wavelength conversion layer containing a wavelength conversion material converting the wavelength of incident light,wherein the wavelength conversion layer converts incident light into light with a wavelength corresponding to an optical transition from a quantum level of the conduction band of the superlattice semiconductor layer to a continuum level of the conduction band.2. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , wherein the wavelength conversion layer converts incident light into light with an energy at which a light absorption coefficient peaks in response to the optical transition from the quantum level of the conduction band of the superlattice semiconductor layer to the continuum level of the conduction band in a light absorption spectrum showing the relationship between the energy of light and the light absorption coefficient.3. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 2 , wherein the wavelength conversion layer converts incident light into light with an energy at which the light absorption coefficient is largest among energies at which the light absorption coefficient peaks in response to optical transitions from quantum levels of the conduction band of the superlattice semiconductor layer to the continuum ...

OPTICAL DEVICE

An optical device is described, including a switching layer that includes an anisotropic light-emitting material for absorbing and radiating light and switches alignment of the light-emitting material, an alignment layer in contact with the switching layer, an optical energy conversion means that converts the radiated light into at least one energy form selected from heat and electricity, and a light guide system that is in physical contact with the optical energy conversion means and guides the radiated light to the optical energy conversion means. The switching layer controls transmission of light through the optical device. The alignment layer includes 80 wt % or more of a polyorganosiloxane. 1. An optical device , comprising:a switching layer, comprising an anisotropic light-emitting material for absorbing and radiating light, and switching alignment of the light-emitting material;an alignment layer in contact with the switching layer;an optical energy conversion means, converting radiated light into at least one energy form selected from heat and electricity; anda light guide system in physical contact with the optical energy conversion means and guiding the radiated light to the optical energy conversion means, whereinthe switching layer controls transmission of light through the optical device, andthe alignment layer comprises 80 wt % or more of a polyorganosiloxane.2. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the polyorganosiloxane is a polymer obtained by hydrolysis and condensation reactions of a silane compound.3. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the polyorganosiloxane is a polymer obtained by a reaction in presence of a dicarboxylic acid and an alcohol.5. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the polyorganosiloxane has an epoxy group.6. Use of the optical device of for a window claim 1 , a vehicle claim 1 , a building claim 1 , a greenhouse claim 1 , eyeglasses claim 1 , safety glass claim 1 , an optical instrument claim 1 , a soundproof wall ...

SOLAR ANTENNA ARRAY FABRICATION

A solar antenna array may comprise an array of carbon nanotube antennas that may capture and convert sunlight into electrical power. A method for constructing the solar antenna array from a glass top down to aluminum over a plastic bottom such that light passing through the glass top and/or reflected off the aluminum both may be captured by the antennas sandwiched between. Techniques for patterning the glass to further direct the light toward the antennas and techniques for continuous flow fabrication and testing are also described. 1. A solar antenna array configured to convert sunlight into electrical energy comprising:a glass sheet;a plurality of parallel ground lines under the glass sheet;a plurality of parallel voltage lines under the glass sheet;a clear insulating sheet under the parallel ground lines and the parallel voltage lines;a power bus bar under the clear insulating sheet;a ground bus bar under the clear insulating sheet;a plurality of carbon nanotubes forming fuzz on the ground lines;a plurality of carbon nanotube antennas connected between adjacent voltage and ground lines of the plurality of parallel voltage lines and the plurality of parallel ground lines, respectively; anda plurality of diodes;wherein the plurality of parallel ground lines are alternatingly interleaved with the plurality of parallel voltage lines,wherein each of the plurality of parallel ground lines is electrically connected to the ground bus bar,wherein each of the plurality of parallel voltage lines is electrically connected to the power bus bar, andwherein each of the respective carbon nanotube antennas is coupled to a ground line and, through a respective one of the plurality of diodes, to a voltage line.2. The solar antenna array in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of carbon nanotube antennas vary in length and orientation for reception of multiple wavelengths of sunlight through the glass layer and reflected off the power bus bar and the ground bus bar.3. The solar antenna ...

TEXTURING RIBBONS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE PRODUCTION

A method for texturing a photovoltaic module ribbon on a photovoltaic cell including a plurality of first electrodes on a first side and a plurality of second electrodes on a second side, and coupling a first photovoltaic module ribbon to the plurality of first electrodes. The method also includes positioning the photovoltaic cell on a textured base having a texture embodied thereon, where the first photovoltaic module ribbon is substantially contacting the texture. The method further includes coupling a second photovoltaic module ribbon to the plurality of second electrodes, and transferring the texture of the textured base to the first ribbon using heat energy released when the second photovoltaic module ribbon is coupled to the plurality of second electrodes. 1. A method for texturing a photovoltaic module ribbon on a photovoltaic cell including a plurality of first electrodes on a first side and a plurality of second electrodes on a second side , said method comprising:coupling a first photovoltaic module ribbon to the plurality of first electrodes;positioning the photovoltaic cell on a textured base having a texture embodied thereon, wherein the first photovoltaic module ribbon is substantially contacting the texture;coupling a second photovoltaic module ribbon to the plurality of second electrodes; andtransferring the texture of the textured base to the first ribbon using heat energy released when the second photovoltaic module ribbon is coupled to the plurality of second electrodes.2. The method according to wherein coupling the first photovoltaic module ribbon to the plurality of first electrodes includes soldering the first photovoltaic module ribbon to the plurality of first electrodes.3. The method according to wherein coupling the second photovoltaic module ribbon to the plurality of second electrodes includes soldering the second photovoltaic module ribbon to the plurality of second electrodes.4. The method according to wherein the heat energy is ...

Concentrated solar energy system

A concentrated solar energy system, comprising a convergence system, a double-sided photovoltaic panel (p 1 ) and a support component, wherein the convergence system comprises at least one tooth surface (s 5 ) and a reflection surface (s 6 ), each tooth surface containing at least one Fresnel unit, and the reflection surface being arranged below the tooth surface along a sunlight incident direction; and the double-sided photovoltaic panel is arranged above the reflection surface along the sunlight incident direction, and is basically located at a focusing location of the convergence system. A double-sided photovoltaic panel is used and is arranged above a reflection surface along a sunlight incident direction, and thus on one hand, a back surface of the photovoltaic panel can absorb sunlight converged via a convergence system, and on the other hand, a front surface thereof can also absorb directly radiated sunlight, such that in the same spatial size, the capacity of a photovoltaic panel for absorbing and utilizing solar energy is effectively improved.

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERTER, PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION MODULE, AND ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT

A photoelectric converter including a crystalline silicon substrate having a light receiving surface including a smooth section and a rough surface section having surface roughness greater than the surface roughness of the smooth section and a light transmissive inorganic film so provided as to overlap with the smooth section and the rough surface section, and the film thickness t of a portion of the inorganic film that is the portion where the inorganic film overlaps with the rough surface section is smaller than the film thickness t of a portion of the inorganic film that is the portion where the inorganic film overlaps with the smooth section. The arithmetic average roughness of the rough surface section is preferably greater than or equal to 0.1 μm. 1. A photoelectric converter comprising:a crystalline silicon substrate having a light receiving surface including a smooth section and a rough surface section having surface roughness greater than surface roughness of the smooth section; anda light transmissive inorganic film so provided as to overlap with the smooth section and the rough surface section,{'b': 1', '2, 'wherein a film thickness t of a portion of the inorganic film that is a portion where the inorganic film overlaps with the rough surface section is smaller than a film thickness t of a portion of the inorganic film that is a portion where the inorganic film overlaps with the smooth section.'}2. The photoelectric converter according to claim 1 , wherein arithmetic average roughness of the rough surface section is greater than or equal to 0.1 μm.3. The photoelectric converter according to claim 2 , wherein a difference in the arithmetic average roughness between the rough surface section and the smooth section is greater than or equal to 0.01 μm.4122. The photoelectric converter according to claim 1 , wherein the film thickness t is greater than or equal to 40% of the film thickness t but smaller than or equal to 95% of the film thickness t.5. The ...

HIGHLY REFLECTIVE GAIN TYPE PHOTOVOLTAIC PACKAGING ADHESIVE FILM AND USAGE

A highly reflective gain type photovoltaic packaging adhesive film and usage are provided. The packaging adhesive film is composed of an packaging layer and a reflecting layer, wherein the packaging layer has a thickness of 200 to 500 μm, and is made by mixing a first primary resin, a modified auxiliary, an ultraviolet auxiliary, an anti-thermal oxidation ageing agent and an initiator and melting and coat casting the same at 60° C. to 200° C. to form a film; and the reflecting layer has a thickness of 5 to 200 μm and is made by mixing a second primary resin, an auxiliary resin, a first filler, a second filler, modified auxiliary, a diluent and an ultraviolet auxiliary, an anti-thermal oxidation ageing agent and an initiator and coating the same on the surface of the packaging layer and curing the same at 30° C. to 150° C. 1. A high reflection gain type photovoltaic encapsulating film , comprising:an encapsulating layer; anda reflecting layer,wherein the encapsulating layer has a thickness of 200 μm to 500 μm and is prepared by mixing 60 wt % to 90 wt % of a first matrix resin, 0.5 wt % to 30 wt % of a modified additive, 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of an ultraviolet stabilizer, 0.1 wt % to 3 wt % of an anti-thermo-oxidative aging agent and 0.1 wt % to 3 wt % of an initiator, then melting at a temperature of 60° C. to 200° C. and casting into a film; the first matrix resin is prepared by copolymerizing ethylene and one or two monomers selected from propylene, butene, heptene, octene, norbornene, vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate;the reflecting layer has a thickness of 5 to 200 μm, and is prepared by mixing 60 wt % to 85 wt % of a second matrix resin, 3 wt % to 30 wt % of an auxiliary resin, 3 wt % to 30 wt % of a first filler, 0 wt % to 20 wt % of a second filler, 0.5 wt % to 10 wt % of a modified additive, 0.5 wt % to 20 wt % of a diluent, 0 wt % to 1 wt % of an ultraviolet stabilizer, 0.001 wt % to 5 wt % of an anti-thermo-oxidative aging agent and 0. ...

Photovoltaic battery

A photovoltaic power system includes a photofuel having a molecular structure to emit light, and a receptacle including the photofuel disposed within. One or more photovoltaic cells are positioned within the receptacle to receive light emitted from the photofuel, and a negative electrode is coupled to the one or more photovoltaic cells. A positive electrode is coupled to the one or more photovoltaic cells to produce an electrical potential between the negative electrode and the positive electrode when a photocurrent is generated by the one or more photovoltaic cells in response to the one or more photovoltaic cells receiving the light emitted from the photofuel.

LIGHT CONVERTING SYSTEM EMPLOYING PLANAR LIGHT TRAPPING AND LIGHT ABSORBING STRUCTURES

A light converting optical system employing a planar light trapping optical structure illuminated by a source of monochromatic light. The light trapping optical structure includes a photoresponsive layer including quantum dots. The photoresponsive layer is configured at a relatively low thickness and located between opposing broad-area reflective surfaces that confine and redistribute light within the light trapping structure, causing multiple transverse propagation of light through the photoresponsive layer and enhanced absorption and light conversion. The light trapping optical structure further incorporates optical elements located on a light path between the light source and the photoresponsive layer. 1. A light converting optical system , comprising:a first broad-area reflective surface comprising a plurality of linear light deflecting surface relief structures and configured for reflecting light using a total internal reflection;a second broad-area reflective surface extending parallel to and being substantially coextensive with the first broad-area reflective surface;a generally planar photoresponsive layer disposed between the first and second broad-area reflective surfaces, the photoresponsive layer comprising quantum dots distributed within an optically transmissive material, wherein at least some of the quantum dots are configured to absorb and convert light selectively such that at least a substantial portion of light in a first spectral range is absorbed and converted and light in a second spectral range is transmitted;a monochromatic light source configured to emit light in the first spectral range; anda planar array of lenses distributed over an area of the photoresponsive layer and disposed on a light path between the light source and the photoresponsive layer;wherein the surface relief structures are configured to redirect light at a sufficiently high angle away from the original propagation direction, wherein the photoresponsive layer has a ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION DEVICE

An electrochemical reaction device includes: a first electrolytic solution tank having a first storage part and a second storage part; a second electrolytic solution tank having a third storage part and a fourth storage part; a first reduction electrode layer immersed in a first electrolytic solution; a first oxidation electrode layer immersed in a second electrolytic solution; a first generator electrically connected to the first reduction electrode and the first oxidation electrode layer; a second reduction electrode layer immersed in a third electrolytic solution; a second oxidation electrode layer immersed in a fourth electrolytic solution; a second generator electrically connected to the second reduction electrode and the second oxidation electrode layer; and at least one flow path out of a first flow path connecting the first storage part and the fourth storage part and a second flow path connecting the second storage part and the third storage part. 1. An electrochemical reaction device comprising:a first electrolytic solution tank having a first storage part storing a first electrolytic solution and a second storage part storing a second electrolytic solution;a second electrolytic solution tank having a third storage part storing a third electrolytic solution and a fourth storage part storing a fourth electrolytic solution;a first reduction electrode layer immersed in the first electrolytic solution;a first oxidation electrode layer immersed in the second electrolytic solution;a first generator electrically connected to the first reduction electrode and the first oxidation electrode layer;a second reduction electrode layer immersed in the third electrolytic solution;a second oxidation electrode layer immersed in the fourth electrolytic solution;a second generator electrically connected to the second reduction electrode and the second oxidation electrode layer; andat least one flow path out of a first flow path connecting the first storage part and the fourth ...

Bifacial solar cell module with backside reflector

A bifacial solar cell module includes solar cells that are protected by front side packaging components and backside packaging components. The front side packaging components include a transparent top cover on a front portion of the solar cell module. The backside packaging components have a transparent portion that allows light coming from a back portion of the solar cell module to reach the solar cells, and a reflective portion that reflects light coming from the front portion of the solar cell module. The transparent and reflective portions may be integrated with a backsheet, e.g., by printing colored pigments on the backsheet. The reflective portion may also be on a reflective component that is separate from the backsheet. In that case, the reflective component may be placed over a clear backsheet before or after packaging.

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE

A solar photovoltaic module () intended to receive incident light, said incident light comprising incident visible light and incident near infrared light, visible light being defined as light having a wavelength between 380 nm and 700 nm, excluding 700 nm and near infrared light is defined as light having a wavelength between 700 nm and 2000 nm, characterized in that said solar photovoltaic module () comprises: —a photovoltaic element (), sensitive to near-infra red light, —at least a first infrared transmitting cover sheet (), arranged to one side of said photovoltaic element (), comprising: —infrared transmission means arranged to transmit at least 65% of said incident infrared light through said infrared transmitting cover sheet, —visible light transmission means arranged to transmit as less as possible incident light having wavelengths lower than 600 nm, preferably lower than 650 nm, more preferably lower than 700 nm, excluding the wavelength of 700 nm, through said infrared transmitting cover sheet (), —reflection means arranged to reflect a portion of said incident visible light of said infrared transmitting cover sheet (), to the side of said incident light. 1. A solar photovoltaic module intended to receive incident light , said incident light comprising incident visible light and incident near infrared light , visible light being defined as light having a wavelength between 380 nm and 700 nm , excluding 700 nm and near infrared light is defined as light having a wavelength between 700 nm and 2000 nm , characterized in that said solar photovoltaic module comprises:a photovoltaic element, sensitive to near-infra red light, infrared transmission means arranged to transmit at least 65% of said incident infrared light through said infrared transmitting cover sheet,', 'visible light transmission means arranged to transmit as less as possible incident light having wavelengths lower than 600 nm, preferably lower than 650 nm, more preferably lower than 700 nm, ...

FLEXIBLE SILICON INFRARED EMITTER

An apparatus includes a flexible silicon (Si) substrate, such as a crystalline n-type substrate, and a heterostructure structure formed on the silicon substrate. The heterojunction structure includes a first layered structured deposited on a first side of the silicon substrate. The first layered structured includes a first amorphous intrinsic silicon layer, an amorphous n-type or p-type silicon layer, and a transparent conductive layer. The second layered structure includes a second amorphous intrinsic silicon layer, an amorphous p-type or n-type silicon layer, and a transparent conductive layer. The heterostructure structure is configured to operate as a photovoltaic cell and an infrared light emitting diode. 1. An apparatus configured to operate as a photovoltaic cell and a light emitting diode , the apparatus comprising:a flexible silicon substrate;a heterostructure formed on the silicon substrate, the heterostructure structure including:a first layered structure deposited on a first side of the silicon substrate, the first layered structure including a first passivation layer, a first amorphous silicon layer doped as one of n-type or p-type, and a first transparent conductive layer;a second layered structure deposited on a second side of the silicon substrate, the second layered structure including a second passivation layer, a second amorphous silicon layer doped as one of n-type or p-type, wherein the second amorphous silicone layer is doped to be an opposite type as the first amorphous silicon layer, and a second transparent conductive layer; andmetallization applied to the apparatus for conducting electricity.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the flexible silicon substrate may be doped n-type or p-type.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first passivation layer and the second passivation layer are comprised of intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first transparent conductive layer and the second ...