ИОННЫЕ ЖИДКОСТИ II

FIELD: organic chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to new ionic liquids designated for using in electrochemical cells and in organic synthesis. Invention describes ionic liquids of the general formula: K + A - (I) wherein K + represents one of cations of the group consisting of the following formulae: wherein R 1 -R 5 can be similar or different and can be bound to one another by a simple or double bond also, and each of them separately or in common can represent the following values: hydrogen atom (H), halogen atom, (C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl radical that can be partially or completely substituted with the following groups but preferably with fluorine atom (F), chlorine atom (Cl), N-[C n F (2n+1-x) H x ] 2 , O-[C n F (2n+1-x) H x ], SO 2 -[C n F (2n+1-x) H x ] or C n F (2n+1-x) H x wherein 1 < n < 6 and 0 < x < 2n+1; A - means anion taken among the group consisting of [PF x (C y F (2y+1-z) H z ) 6-x ] - wherein 1 ≤ x ≤ 6, 1 ≤ y ≤ 8 and 0 ≤ z ≤ 2y+1. Invention provides the development of ionic liquids showing broad range of liquid state, high thermal resistance and low corrosive activity. EFFECT: improved and valuable properties of ionic liquids. 3 ex ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß RU (19) (11) 2 272 043 (13) C2 (51) ÌÏÊ C07F 9/52 (2006.01) C07D 233/54 (2006.01) C07D 213/20 (2006.01) C07D 237/06 (2006.01) C07D 239/24 (2006.01) ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ C07D 241/10 (2006.01) ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ,C07D 253/06 (2006.01) ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ C07D 263/30 (2006.01) C07D 277/20 (2006.01) (12) ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈß Ê ÏÀÒÅÍÒÓ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2001115605/04, 08.06.2001 (24) Äàòà íà÷àëà îòñ÷åòà ñðîêà äåéñòâè ïàòåíòà: 08.06.2001 (43) Äàòà ïóáëèêàöèè çà âêè: 20.05.2003 (45) Îïóáëèêîâàíî: 20.03.2006 Áþë. ¹ 8 (56) Ñïèñîê äîêóìåíòîâ, öèòèðîâàííûõ â îò÷åòå î ïîèñêå: US 5,827,602 A, 27.10.1998. WO 98/15562 A, 16.04.1998. RU 2075435 C1, 20.03.1997. 2 2 7 2 0 4 3 R U (54) ÈÎÍÍÛÅ ÆÈÄÊÎÑÒÈ II C 2 C 2 Àäðåñ äë ïåðåïèñêè: 101000, Ìîñêâà, Ì.Çëàòîóñòèíñêèé ïåð., 10, êâ.15, ...

ЖИДКИЙ СИЛИКАТНЫЙ РАСТВОР С НИЗКИМ СОДЕРЖАНИЕМ НАТРИЯ ДЛЯ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В КАЧЕСТВЕ АКТИВАЦИОННОГО РАСТВОРА ДЛЯ СВИНЦОВЫХ КИСЛОТНЫХ АККУМУЛЯТОРНЫХ БАТАРЕЙ И СПОСОБ ИХ ВНУТРЕННЕЙ АКТИВАЦИИ

... 1. Жидкий силикатный раствор с низким содержанием натрия для использования в качестве активационного раствора для свинцовых кислотных аккумуляторных батарей, приготовленный с использованием технологии намагничивания, при этом процесс его приготовления включает следующие операции: (1) обеспечение наличия силикагеля, содержание двуокиси кремния (SiO2) в котором находится в диапазоне от 40 до 60% по массе, при этом количество массовых единиц такого геля составляет от 5 до 15, (2) добавление в силикагель, взятый на стадии (1), воды с одновременным перемешиванием получающейся смеси, при этом количество массовых единиц воды составляет от 15 до 25, и продолжительность процесса добавления воды такова, что при его завершении плотность смеси по ареометру Боме составляет от 0,65 градуса Боме до 0,85 градуса Боме, (3) добавление в раствор, полученный на стадии (2), неорганической кислоты для получения силикатной смеси, при этом продолжительность процесса добавления неорганической кислоты такова, что ...

Ионные жидкости

А 2001114296 ко РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА 19 за за ‚(13 (11) | ЗАМАМ Ц о ВО _ _ ` к. — С, 7 7 27 7 5 МПК’ 04 М 10/40, С 40 М 105/00, НО1 С 9/038, С О7Е 5/04, 1/02, С 070 213/20, 233/54, 247/00, 253/06, 263/30, 277/02 ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (12 ИЗВЕЩЕНИЯ К ЗАЯВКЕ НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21), (22) Заявка: 2001114296/04, 29.05.2001 (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 30.05.2000 ОЕ 10026565.0 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 20.05.2003 Адрес для переписки: (71) Заявитель(и): МЕРК ПАТЕНТ ГМБХ (0Е) (72) Автор(ы): ХИЛАРИУС Фолькер (0Е), ХАЙДЕР Удо (ОЕ), ШМИДТ Михаэль (0Е) 101000, Москва, Малый Златоустинский пер., (74) Патентный поверенный: д.10, кв.15, "ЕВРОМАРКПАТ", И.А Веселицкой Веселицкая Ирина Александровна (54) Ионные жидкости ГАЭА - Признание заявок на изобретение отозванными в связи с непредставлением в установленный срок дополнительных материалов или запрашиваемых документов Дата отзыва заявки: 02.06.2006 Извещение опубликовано: 20.07.2006 БИ: 20/2006 Страница: 1 па ЭбСУ ЕГО 0С А"

BLEIAKKUMULATOR MIT GASREKOMBINATION

Elektrolyt fuer Akkumulatoren

LEAD ACCUMULATOR

A lead accumulator comprises a grid substrate obtained from a plate piece formed by making Pb-Ca base alloy plate integral with a Pb-Sn base alloy plate used in combination with an electrolyte containing alkaline metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions or phosphoric acid ions. An electrode obtained by plating a Sb-free Pb-Ca alloy substrate with Sn or a Pb-Sn alloy may be used in combination with an electrolyte containing at least one of alkaline metal ions and alkaline earth metal ions. The electrode may further be immersed in dilute sulfuric acid for the achievement of more improved effects. The electrolyte may contain alkaline metal ions in a concentration of at least 500 ppm and, at the same time, ions of an alkaline earth metal having no water and/or crystallized water.

LEAD ACCUMULATORS

Improvements in or relating to electric accumulators

... 611,286. Batteries. NAAMLOOZE VENNOOTSCHAP PHILIPS' GLOEILAMPENFABRIEKEN. April 26, 1946, No. 12659. Convention date, April 30, 1945. [Class 53] An accumulator has electrodes of graphite or other material not affected by the electrolyte which consists of a solution of a lead salt of an acid not affected by the chemical reactions such as lead silicofluoride. To obtain a satisfactory deposite of lead peroxide on the positive electrode a substance having a flocculating effect on lead peroxide is added to the electrolyte. Naphthalene sulphonic acids may be added for this purpose or a sodium salt of such acids.

Dopant for electrolyte

The method includes doping into an electrolyte an intermetallid compound additive, the binding energy of which is higher than the binding energy of combinations generated at discharge of a secondary power source. The intermetallid may have the formula A(N-2)/2C(N+2)/2B8-N, where A is a metal, C is a metal or a metalloid and B is a metal or a metalloid, which is particularly effective for acid-lead batteries. In a further aspect, a compound of type ANB10-N, with A being a metal and B being a noble gas (e.g. ZnKr or CdAr), may be used as a dopant in the electrolyte. Such a dopant is particularly useful in lithium-ion and nickel-metal-hydride type batteries. Other examples of dopant disclosed include ZnGeN2, ZnSnAs2 and CuInS2.

Improvements in and relating to electrolytes for electric storage batteries

... 461,836. Batteries. NICHOLSON, A. O. Jan. 1, 1936, No. 83. [Class 53] An electrolyte for a storage battery consists of a mixture of dilute sulphuric acid and tartaric acid to which may be added an alkaline earth metal sulphate such as magnesium sulphate. According to the Provisional Specification the electrolyte may contain citric acid or a citrate or tartrate with or without tartaric acid.

Improvements in or relating to electric storage batteries

... 785,812. Batteries. UDYLITE RESEARCH CORPORATION. Feb. 27, 1956 [Feb. 28, 1955], No. 6070/56. Class 53. The electrolyte of a storage battery has at least 0.005 grams per litre of a perfluoroalkene sulphonic acid or sulphonate, containing 5-10 carbon atoms in the molecule, dissolved in it. The compound preferably contains 8-10 carbon atoms in its molecule and may be added as the free acid or a sulphonate salt, e.g. a potassium, sodium, lithium or ammonium salt or as an organic salt, e.g. a pyridine salt. Mixtures of the perfluoroalkene sulphonic acids may be employed.

Bipolar battery

IONI LIQUIDS

Improved energy storage device

LEAD ACID BATTERY WITH GELLED ELECTROLYTE FORMED BY FILTRATION ACTION OF ABSORBENT SEPARATORS, ELECTROLYTE THEREFOR, AND ABSORBENT SEPARATORS THEREFOR

Doped conductive oxide and improved electrochemical energy storage device polar plate based on same

Provided are a high-conductivity doped oxide and a use thereof as a battery polar plate additive. Tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide is used as a precursor, and a controllable metal doping is performed on same such that an oxide material, which has a high conductivity, a high hydrogen evolution potential and a high oxygen evolution potential and can be stably present in a sulfuric acid solution, is formed therefrom. This material can be used as an additive material for the positive electrode and negative electrode of a battery, can effectively decrease the internal resistance of the electrode, improve active material utilization and charge-discharge rate, and at the same time, can stabilize the electrode structure and improve the cycle service life.

ELECTROCHEMICALLY CONTROLLED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

The superconducting properties of superconducting compounds are controlled or maintained by active external electrochemical intervention. The superconducting compound forms one electrode in an electrochemical cell. A counterelectrode and the superconducting compound electrode are in contact with an electrolyte and a potential is applied between the counterelectrode and the superconducting electrode. The cell is operated at a temperature near the expected transition temperature of the superconducting material. The potential applied between the electrodes is selected to control a property such as transition temperature. In a preferred embodiment, a superconducting material such as Ba2YCu307-x serves as an anode and a counterelectrode such as a mercury-mercuric oxide reference electrode serves as a cathode. Suitable oxygen-bearing electrolytes are ozone and trifluoronitrosomethane. In another embodiment, a superconducting cuprate material serves as a cathode and the electrolyte is copper-bearing ...

LEAD ACCUMULATORS

A lead accumulator having an electrolyte and a grid substrate. The grid substrate is formed of an alloy of lead with a metal, or a mixture of metals, selected from, first antimony, which alloy further contains any one of the metals sodium, lithium, potassium or tin. Secondly calcium, and further containing tin, tin and antimony or tin and aluminum. Thirdly calcium with no antimony and a coating of tin or an alloy of lead and tin. The electrolyte in the first and second cases contains alkaline earth metal ions. In the third case, the electrolyte contains alkaline earth and alkali metal ions. The accumulator improves the performance and properties of conventional lead accumulators and is resistant to the deleterious effects of being allowed to stand in a discharged condition.

DISCOVERING THE METHOD OF EXTRACTING HYDROGEN GAS FROM WATER AND SAVING HYDROGEN GAS WITH HIGH ENERGY EFFICIENCY

The discovery of the method of extracting hydrogen gas from water and saving the high-energy hydrogen gas is a system used by acid-lead batteries and their electrolyte replacement, which removes hydrogen from the water during charging, and then the electricity consumed for this purpose. The battery float charge mode is stored in the battery by chemical reactions. Also, by reversible reactions, a little more than the hydrogen gas is released into the normal amount of gas from the battery houses. By this method, the practical steps are to finalize the sample during the Gaseous hydrogen is recommended for industry and industry.

ACIDIC COMPOSITIONS HAVING PH VALUES OF LESS THAN ABOUT 1 AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

LEAD-ZINC BATTERY

A rechargeable battery is provided such that the positive electrode companies lead, the negative electrode zinc, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of an alkali metal sulphate. Upon discharge, lead dioxide is reduced to lead sulphate and zinc is oxidized to zinc oxide. The reactions are reversed when the battery is charged.

BINDERS, ELECTROLYTES AND SEPARATOR FILMS FOR ENERGY STORAGE AND COLLECTION DEVICES USING DISCRETE CARBON NANOTUBES

In various embodiments an improved binder composition, electrolyte composition and a separator film composition using discrete carbon nanotubes. Their methods of production and utility for energy storage and collection devices, like batteries, capacitors and photovoltaics, is described. The binder, electrolyte, or separator composition can further comprise polymers. The discrete carbon nanotubes further comprise at least a portion of the tubes being open ended and/or functionalized. The utility of the binder, electrolyte or separator film composition includes improved capacity, power or durability in energy storage and collection devices. The utility of the electrolyte and or separator film compositions includes improved ion transport in energy storage and collection devices.

FLOODED LEAD-ACID BATTERY

A flooded lead-acid battery include a pasting substrate embedded into an active material of at least one surface of either the positive plates or the negative plates of each respective plurality, wherein the pasting substrate has an initial thickness. The pasting substrate thickness has a compressed thickness within the container that is at least 10 to 20% less than the initial thickness.

Akkumulator.

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Füllflüssigkeit für Akkumulatoren.

Elektrolyt für Bleisammler.

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Füllflüssigkeit für Akkumulatoren.

Elektrolyt für Bleizinksammler und Bleisammler.

Mittel zur Verhinderung der Sulfatierung von Akkumulatoren und zur Entsulfatierung gebrauchter Akkumulatoren.

Accumulatore elettrico al piombo e procedimento per ottenerlo.

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Elektrolyten.

Bleiakkumulatorzelle

Procédé pour désulfater les accumulateurs au plomb et empêcher leur sulfatation.

Procedimento per la fabbricazione di un elettrolito per accumulatore a piombo

Akkumulator

СПОСОБ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ И ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК СВИНЦОВО-КИСЛОТНОГО АККУМУЛЯТОРА

Изобретение относится к электротехнической промышленности и может быть использовано при изготовлении и эксплуатации свинцово-кислотных аккумуляторов. Техническим результатом изобретения является исключение сульфатации, оползания и осыпания активной массы в свинцово-кислотных аккумуляторах. Добавка к электролиту и пасте положительного электрода содержит дистиллированную воду и тетранатриевую соль этилендиаминтетрауксусной кислоты при содержании последней в растворе, в масс.%: 0,05-99,95. Добавку вводят в электролит преимущественно в режиме зарядки аккумуляторной батареи.

ELECTROLYTE FOR LEAD-ACID ACCUMULATORS

Lead storage battery

Additive for lead-acid battery, and lead-acid battery

An additive for lead-acid batteries and a lead-acid battery using the same, said additive for lead-acid batteries comprising an acrylic acid sulfonate polymer that prevents sulfation at the negative electrode of lead-acid batteries and that has the objective of increasing the longevity of lead-acid batteries.

Electric fencer

ACCUMULATOR HAS GAS RECOMBINATION AND PROCESS OF REDUCTION OF FLOATING CHARGING CURRENT

electrolyte for secondary battery

Improvements with the electric fencers with immobilized electrolyte

Accumulator battery to weak loss

Agent addition for the lead accumulators

LEAD-ACID BATTERY, ELECTROLYTE AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A BATTERY

DEVICE IMPROVED FOR ENERGY STORAGE

Un dispositivo para el almacenamiento de energía que comprende por lo menos un electrodo negativo, habiéndose seleccionado cada uno de los electrodos negativos individualmente entre. (i) un electrodo que comprende material para los electrodos negativos de batería; (ii) un electrodo que comprende material para los electrodos de capacitor; (iii) un electrodo mixto que comprende sea: una mezcla de material de electrodo de batería y de capacitor; o una combinacion de los mismos; y en el que el dispositivo para el almacenamiento de energía comprende sea por lo menos un electrodo de tipo (iii), o comprende por lo menos un electrodo de cada uno de los tipos (i) y (ii); por lo menos un electrodo positivo; en el que el electrodo positivo comprende material para electrodos positivos de batería y un aditivo incrementador de la capacidad de carga tal como uno de los siguientes o una mezcla de los mismos: (a) nanomaterial de carbono, fibras de carbono cultivadas al vapor, fullerene, o una mezcla de ...

LEAD STORAGE BATTERY AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE LEAD STORAGE BATTERY

Disclosed is a lead storage battery comprising a positive plate, a negative plate, and an electrolysis solution. The negative plate comprises a negative electrode current collector comprising an edge part installed consecutively to the edge of a grating part and an ear part for current collection, which is protruded from the edge part. A surface layer containing a Pb-Sn alloy, a Pb-Sb alloy, a Pb-Sn-Sb alloy, or Sn is provided on the surface of the edge part and the ear part. Also disclosed is a process for producing the lead storage battery. The lead storage battery has an improved cycle life over a lead storage battery not provided with the surface layer but cannot suppress a stratified phenomenon of the electrolysis solution. Accordingly, the lower part of the electrode plate cannot be effectively utilized, and disadvantageously, sometimes the cycle life cannot be satisfactorily improved. The problem can be solved, for example, by incorporating sodium ion, potassium ion, magnesium ion ...

COMPOSITIONS AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS WITH LEACHABLE METAL IONS

The disclosure describes compositions and methods for producing a change in the voltage at which hydrogen gas is produced in a lead acid battery. The compositions and methods relate to producing a concentration of one or more metal ions in the lead acid battery electrolyte. The compositions include glass based compositions that are included as part of various battery components, such as the battery separator, pasting paper, additives to battery paste, etc. Various battery separators are described including glass fiber based separators as well as polymeric separators.

ECOLOGICAL ELECTROLYTE

An electrolyte mixture made of mineral oils of different specific gravity, glycerin, sulphuric acid, for all wet cell type accumulators.

Method for reducing the float current of maintenance-free battery

A maintenance-free battery having improved float current (i.e.-current draw) characteristics is provided by adding elemental zinc, or a zinc affording compound such as zinc sulfate to the battery in amounts sufficient to decrease the float current that would otherwise occur during voltage regulated overcharge. Rather than utilizing zinc alone, a mixture of zinc and cadmium may likewise be employed.

Multi-layer type nonaqueous electrolyte secondary cell

Internal shorting of large capacity multi-layer type nonaqueous electrolyte secondary cells is minimized by inclusion of heat resistant porous film layers adjacent thermally fusible resin microporous films disposed between negative electrodes and positive electrodes in an electrode assembly and between adjacent electrode assemblies stacked together to provide an electrode stack. The heat resistant porous film layers may be organic or inorganic temperature resistant sheet materials exhibiting heat resistance to temperatures of at least about 600 DEG C.

TRANSPARENT TRIAZINE COPOLYMER BASED TRANSPARENT GEL-POLYMER ELECTROLYTES

Method for manufacturing optically transparent gel-polymer electrolytes includes reaction of copolymerization of melamine and formaldehyde or melamine and glyoxal with one or several polyols and/or with one or several monosaccharides, oligosaccharides or polysaccharides and adding of a concentrated acid to form an optically transparent gel-polymer. The electrolyte according to the invention can be used in electrochromic devices and other optical-electrochemical devices as well as in devices for storing electrical energy (such as batteries, supercapacitors and hybrid power storage devices), thus replacing conventional water-based electrolytes.

ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТ ДЛЯ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК СВИНЦОВО-КИСЛОТНЫХ АККУМУЛЯТОРОВ (СКА), ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ СЕМИДИНА ДЛЯ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК СКА, СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОДОВ СКА И СПОСОБ РЕМОНТА СКА

Изобретение относится к электротехнической промышленности и может быть использовано при изготовлении, эксплуатации и ремонте свинцовых аккумуляторов. Электролит для улучшения электрических характеристик свинцово-кислотных аккумуляторов содержит водный раствор серной кислоты и анилина или соли анилина с неорганической кислотой с концентрацией от 0,001 до 5,0 масс. % и семидин или соль семидина и неорганической кислоты в концентрации от 0,001 до 1 масс. %. Технический результат заключается в повышении экологичности процесса изготовления электродов свинцовых аккумуляторов всех типов в реальных условиях их эксплуатации, удешевлении процесса изготовления электродов, увеличении срока их эксплуатации и увеличении работоспособности. 4 н. и 4 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил., 7 пр.

Lead battery - contg vanadium for minimal capacity loss

Lead battery for operation with long storage times contg. V. gives minimal capacity loss without the usual detrimental effects on the properties of the battery. 0.01-5.0 (0.1-0.75) wt.% V is used. w.r.t. the compsn. in the form of V cpds. esp. V2O5 or VOSO4 which can also be used in the electrolyte. The grid metal consists of soft lead, dispersion-hardened lead, a Pb-Ca alloy or a Pb-Sb alloy with 4 wt.% Sb.

Electrolyte for lead accumulators

... 291,020. Kugel, M. May 24, 1927, [Convention date]. Addition to 280,197. Electrolytes.-In order to compensate for the loss of phosphoric acid in the storage battery electrolyte forming the subject-matter of the parent Specification, such loss occurring by combination with the lead peroxide of the positive electrode, additional quantities of phosphoric acid are added to the electrolyte during the working of the battery. The phosphoric acid may be introduced with the water added periodically to the electrolyte.

Electrolyte solution and lead-acid batteries using the same

Electrolyte solution and lead-acid batteries using the same

ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION

BATTERY WITH SYNTHETIC MATERIAL

High purity electrolytic sulfonic acid solutions

Electrochemical cells and an interchangeable electrolyte therefore

A sodium-free complex silicon salt electrolyte for a storage battery

HYDROGEN ABSORPTION, DESORPTION ANODE FOR RECHARGEABLE BATTERY

HYDROGEN ABSORPTION, DESORPTION ANODE FOR RECHARGEABLE BATTERY

An additive for a battery

Improved energy storage device

An energy storage device comprising at least one negative electrode, wherein each negative electrode is individually selected from (i) an electrode comprising negative battery electrode material; (ii) an electrode comprising capacitor electrode material; (iii) a mixed electrode comprising either - a mixture of battery and capacitor electrode material or - a region of battery electrode material and a region of capacitor electrode material, or - a combination thereof, and wherein the energy storage device either comprises at least one electrode of type (iii), or comprises at least one electrode of each of types (i) and (ii), - at least one positive electrode, wherein the positive electrode comprises positive battery electrode material and a charging ability-increasing additive, such as one or a mixture of: (a) carbon nanomaterial, vapour grown carbon fibre, fullerene, or a mixture thereof, and (b) tin dioxide conductive materials.

RECHARGEABLE BATTERY AND ELECTRODE USED THEREIN

An improved battery utilizing a hydrogen rechargeable anode of a disordered non-equilibrium multicomponent material including one or more elements forming a host matrix and at least one modifier element incorporated therein. The anode is capable of electrochemically absorbing hydrogen from an electrolyte during application of a charging current thereto. The hydrogen is stored in the anode bulk until discharge is initiated, whereupon an electrical current is produced when the hydrogen is released. The superior battery of the invention has attained high density energy storage, efficient reversibility, high electrical efficiency, bulk hydrogen storage without structural change or poisoning and hence long cycle life and deep discharge capability.

ADVANCED GRAPHITE ADDITIVE FOR ENHANCED CYCLE-LIFE OF LEAD-ACID BATTERIES

СПОСОБ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ И ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК СВИНЦОВО-КИСЛОТНОГО АККУМУЛЯТОРА

Изобретение относится к электротехнической промышленности и может быть использовано при изготовлении и эксплуатации свинцово-кислотных аккумуляторов. Техническим результатом изобретения является исключение сульфатации, оползания и осыпания активной массы в свинцово-кислотных аккумуляторах. Добавка к электролиту и пасте положительного электрода содержит дистиллированную воду и тетранатриевую соль этилендиаминтетрауксусной кислоты при содержании последней в растворе, в мас.%: 0,05-99,95. Добавку вводят в электролит преимущественно в режиме зарядки аккумуляторной батареи.

electrolyte for lead accumulators

LEAD SECONDARY ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL COMPRISING AN ELECTROLYTE ADDITIVE SPECIFIC

IMPROVEMENTS WITH THE ACCUMULATORS

electrolyte for lead accumulators

SOLID ELECTROLYTE AND FORMATION OF LEAD BATTERY USING IT

The present invention relates to a novel solid electrolyte and a method using it in the formation process of lead battery. The solid electrolyte to be used in the formation process of lead battery consists of 75~86wt% of calcium sulfate, 9~12wt% of sulfuric acid, 5~16wt% of stabilizer. Battery is formation-charged with unsealed upper lid after introducing uniformly electrolyte between battery plates. Formation charge of lead battery using solid electrolyte of the present invention can reduce deflation amount of gas and acid fog causing pollution phenomena to 4-8% compared with formation charge of normal lead acid battery. Solid electrolyte used for formation charge can be used as it was, and changed.

BATTERY CONTAINING FIBROUS MATERIAL

Batteries, such as lead acid batteries (100), that contain fibrous material (150) and related methods are disclosed.

LEAD-ACID BATTERY

A lead-acid battery includes an electrode plate assembly, a battery case, a positive electrode strap, a negative electrode strap, a positive electrode post, a negative electrode post, a cover, and an electrolyte solution. A negative electrode bushing provided in the cover and the negative electrode post together constitute a negative electrode terminal. A maximum value of a gap between an outer circumferential surface of the negative electrode post and an inner circumferential surface of the negative electrode bushing in the negative electrode terminal is 0.5 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less. A rib is provided in a lower part of the negative electrode bushing, and a minimum value of a protrusion height of the rib is 1.5 mm or more and 4.0 mm or less. A distance between a surface of the electrolyte solution and a lowermost portion of the negative electrode bushing is 15 mm or less.

ELECTRIC BATTERY.

Inorganic nonaqueous electrolytic solution type cell

Corrosion inhibiting electrolytic solutions

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for reducing corrosion and gassing that occurs within lead-acid storage batteries. In particular, combinations of anodic corrosion inhibitors such as hydrolyzed gelatin and water soluble iodides are preferred inhibitors; and these inhibitors provide excellent results when also used in combination with surfactants which are sodium salts of diphenyl sulfonate. Admixtures of anodic corrosion inhibitors, replace the conventional electrolyte solution within the battery.

ACIDIC COMPOSITION

液式鉛蓄電池

ОПТИМИЗИРОВАННОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО АККУМУЛИРОВАНИЯ ЭНЕРГИИ

Изобретение относится к устройствам аккумулирования энергии. Техническим результатом изобретения является повышение срока службы и улучшение эксплуатационных характеристик. Согласно изобретению свинцово-кислотная батарея содержит по меньшей мере один отрицательный электрод, содержащий электродный материал батареи на основе свинца и по меньшей мере одну область из материала конденсатора, лежащего поверх электродного материала батареи на основе свинца, причем каждый электрод находится в электрическом соединении с одним внешним выводом батареи, и по меньшей мере один положительный электрод батареи на основе диоксида свинца, причем каждый положительный электрод находится в электрическом соединении со вторым внешним выводом батареи, сепаратор, проложенный между обращенными друг к другу электродами, электролит, заполняющий по меньшей мере пространство этих электродов и сепараторов, при этом материал конденсатора, лежащий поверх электродного материала батареи на основе свинца, содержит 20-65% ...

СВЯЗУЮЩИЕ, ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТЫ И СЕПАРАТОРНЫЕ ПЛЕНКИ ДЛЯ УСТРОЙСТВ ДЛЯ ХРАНЕНИЯ И НАКОПЛЕНИЯ ЭНЕРГИИ, СОДЕРЖАЩИЕ ДИСКРЕТНЫЕ УГЛЕРОДНЫЕ НАНОТРУБКИ

Изобретение относится к устройствам для хранения энергии, таким как аккумуляторы. Композиция для применения в качестве связующего материала, электролитического материала или материала сепараторной пленки в устройстве для хранения или накопления энергии, содержащая множество волокон на основе дискретных углеродных нанотрубок, при этом аспектное отношение указанных волокон составляет от примерно 10 до примерно 500, и при этом по меньшей мере часть волокон на основе дискретных углеродных нанотрубок имеет открытый конец, причем часть волокон на основе углеродных нанотрубок с открытым концом содержит электролит. Изобретение позволяет улучшить свойства связующего, электролиты и сепараторные пленки для применения в устройствах для хранения и накопления энергии, улучшить перенос ионов в устройствах для хранения и накопления энергии. 18 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 4 табл., 16 пр.

Твердооксидный электролитный материал с кислород-ионной проводимостью

Изобретение относится к области электротехники, а именно к твердооксидным электролитным материалам с кислород-ионной проводимостью на основе Gd2Zr2O7, которые могут быть использованы в электрохимических элементах, а также в качестве материала для чувствительных элементов кислородных электрохимических датчиков для определения содержания ионов O2- в оксидно-галогенидных литийсодержащих расплавах, например LiCl, LiCl-Li2O, LiCl-Li2O-Li. Снижение деградации электролита в оксидно-хлоридных литиевых расплавах является техническим результатом изобретения, который обеспечивается качественным и количественным составом материала, полученного модифицированием цирконата гадолиния со структурой пирохлора путем введения оксидов магния и лития, со следующей структурной формулой: (1-y)Gd2(1-x)M2xZr2O7-δ⋅yMgO, M=Li (0≤x≤0,15); Mg (0≤x≤0,025); 0,05≤y≤0,2. Электролит может быть использован как высокочувствительный сенсорный элемент к ионам кислорода, как компонент расплава в области средних температур при ...

Сепаратор свинцового аккумулятора

Изобретение относится к электротехнической промышленности и может быть использовано при изготовлении свинцовых аккумуляторов открытого наливного типа. Техническим результатом изобретения являются: значительное снижение скорости выделения водорода из аккумулятора; повышение эффективности использования зарядного тока и снижение длительности заряда аккумуляторов; снижение объема регламентных работ по обслуживанию аккумуляторов в составе батареи; снижение выделения токсичного газа стибина (SbH3). Согласно изобретению в качестве материала сепаратора свинцового аккумулятора используется сверхвысокомолекулярный полиэтилен с добавкой полиакрилонитрильного волокна. Применение в составе сепаратора полиакрилонитрильного волокна, обладающего высокоразвитой поверхностью и высокой сорбционной способностью по отношению к ионам сурьмы, снижает их концентрацию в электролите и, следовательно, их негативное воздействие на работу аккумулятора. 1 табл.

Elektrolyt fuer Bleisammler mit Zusatz von Chromverbindungen

AKKUMULATOR

Methode zur Operation einer Zinkbromidebatterie

Verschlossene Bleisäurebatterie

LEAD ACCUMULATORS

Electrochemical cells

A method of treating an electrochemical cell containing an electrolytic solution includes the step of dispersing particles of manganese dioxide within the electrolytic solution. Preferably the manganese particles are in fine powder form having a median diameter size of 10 to 110 microns. 0.5 to 3 mg/ml of electrolytic manganese dioxide may be added directly per ml of electrolyte or alternatively may be present in a dissolvable container such as gelatin for addition to the electrolyte. The electrolyte may further comprise filler such as sodium sulphate or potassium sulphate. The electrochemical cell may comprise a wet-cell lead-acid storage battery, such as a motor vehicle battery with multiple cells. In another embodiment the manganese dioxide particles may be added to a lead oxide paste to form an ingredient of a cathode of the battery. The manganese dioxide acts to react with the hydrogen ions and retard the dislodgement of lead oxide, thus increasing battery life and performance.

Dopant for electrolyte

A method of increasing the capacity of a secondary power source includes doping a compound into an electrolyte as an additive, the binding energy of which is higher than the binding energy of combinations generated at discharge of a secondary power source. The compound is claimed to be of type AnB10-N, where A is a metal and B is a noble gas. Actual examples used in the application are ZnKr and CdAr. Such a dopant is stated to be particularly useful in lithium-ion and nickel-metal-hydride type batteries.

... 191,358. Neumann, O., and Neumann, A. Jan. 5, 1922, [Convention date]. Alloys.-According to the Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a), the negative grids of a storage battery consist of an alloy of 60 parts of lead, 5 of zinc, 8 of potassium, 5 of tin, 10 of antimony, and 2 of tungsten amalgamated with 10 parts of mercury. The positive grids are made from an alloy similar to the above but having the antimony replaced by an equal weight of lead. Specification 181,762 is referred to. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.

SECONDARY BATTERY

LEAD ACCUMULATORS

Fluoride ion electrochemical cell

The present invention provides electrochemical cells capable of good electronic performance, particularly high specific energies, useful discharge rate capabilities and good cycle life. Electrochemical cells of the present invention are versatile and include primary and secondary cells useful for a range of important applications including use in portable electronic devices. Electrochemical cells of the present invention also exhibit enhanced safety and stability relative to conventional state of the art primary lithium batteries and lithium ion secondary batteries. For example, electrochemical cells of the present invention include secondary electrochemical cells using anion charge carriers capable of accommodation by positive and negative electrodes comprising anion host materials, which entirely eliminate the need for metallic lithium or dissolved lithium ion in these systems.

Battery components with leachable metal ions and uses thereof

The disclosure describes compositions and methods for producing a change in the voltage at which hydrogen gas is produced in a lead acid battery. The compositions and methods relate to producing a concentration of one or more metal ions in the lead acid battery electrolyte.

High Performance Lead Acid Battery with Advanced Electrolyte System

Herein provided is an electrochemical cell electrolyte formed from ingredients comprising: water, sulfuric acid, and at least one octylphenol ethoxylate of Formula 1: 2. The cell electrolyte of claim 1 , where n is a natural number from at least 4 to at most 14.3. The cell electrolyte of claim 1 , where n is a natural number from at least 7 to at most 12.4. The cell electrolyte of claim 1 , where n is a natural number from at least 8 to at most 11.5. The cell electrolyte of claim 1 , where the octylphenol ethoxylate concentration is at least 0.0005 wt % to at most 0.015 wt %.6. The cell electrolyte of claim 1 , where the octylphenol ethoxylate concentration is at least 0.0010 wt % to at most 0.010 wt %.7. The cell electrolyte of claim 1 , where the octylphenol ethoxylate concentration is at least 0.0014 wt % and at most 0.005 wt %.8. The cell electrolyte of claim 1 , further comprising a sulfate salt.9. The cell electrolyte of claim 1 , where the ingredients further comprise a sulfate salt.10. The cell electrolyte of claim 9 , where the sulfate salt is selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfate claim 9 , potassium sulfate claim 9 , aluminum sulfate claim 9 , cobalt sulfate claim 9 , copper sulfate claim 9 , magnesium sulfate claim 9 , cadmium sulfate claim 9 , and combinations thereof.11. The cell electrolyte of claim 9 , where the sulfate salt is selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfate claim 9 , potassium sulfate claim 9 , and combinations thereof.13. The lead acid battery of claim 12 , where the positive electrode is a PbOelectrode and the negative electrode is a sponge lead electrode.14. The lead acid battery of claim 12 , where the positive electrode is a PbOelectrode and the negative electrode is a lead carbon electrode.15. The lead acid battery of claim 12 , comprising a first sponge lead negative electrode and a second lead carbon negative electrode.16. The lead acid battery of claim 12 , where the battery is a lead carbon hybrid ...

POSITIVE ELECTRODE GRID FOR LEAD ACID BATTERIES AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND LEAD ACID BATTERY

An objective is to improve the corrosion resistance of a positive electrode grid for lead acid batteries. 1. A positive electrode grid for lead acid batteries , comprisinga lead alloy containing calcium and tin,the lead alloy having a calcium content of 0.10 mass % or less,the lead alloy having a tin content of 2.3 mass % or less,the lead alloy having a lattice constant of 4.9470 Å or less.2. The positive electrode grid for lead acid batteries of claim 1 , wherein the tin content in the lead alloy exceeds 1.6 mass %.3. The positive electrode grid for lead acid batteries of claim 1 , wherein the lead alloy has a Vickers hardness of 8 or more.4. A lead acid battery claim 1 , comprising a positive electrode plate claim 1 , a negative electrode plate claim 1 , a separator interposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate claim 1 , and an electrolyte including an aqueous sulfuric acid solution claim 1 , wherein{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the positive electrode plate comprises the positive electrode grid of .'} The present invention relates to a lead acid battery, particularly to a positive electrode grid for lead acid batteries, the grid including a lead alloy containing calcium and tin, and a method for producing the grid.Lead acid batteries are inexpensive and, due to their comparatively high battery voltage, can provide high power. Because of these features, they have been used in various applications. Lead acid batteries are required to reduce, as much as possible, their self-discharge and loss of water from electrolyte. In view of this, a lead-calcium alloy that does not contain antimony is used for a grid in positive and negative electrode plates because antimony increases self-discharge and loss of water. Adding tin to the lead-calcium alloy can enhance the corrosion resistance of the grid.Conventionally, the grid for lead acid batteries has been produced, for example, by expanding a lead-alloy sheet obtained ...

Lead storage battery

Disclosed is a lead-acid battery including: a battery container; an electrolyte and an electrode plate group in the battery container; and a battery container cover that hermetically seals an opening of the battery container, wherein the electrode plate group includes a positive electrode plate including a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode plate including a negative electrode active material, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, the battery container cover is provided with a liquid port, a liquid port plug that closes the liquid port, and a sleeve that hangs down from the liquid port to a prescribed liquid surface height of the electrolyte, a sodium ion concentration contained in the electrolyte is 1 mmol/L to 90 mmol/L, and a specific surface area of the positive electrode active material is 5 m2/g to 9 m2/g.

Battery with ceramic particles

A battery has anodes, cathodes, separators, and electrolyte. Particles of loose hydrated alkali aluminum silicate contact the anodes and cathodes and are immersed in the electrolyte, to enhance operability of the battery. The maximum dimensions of at least a majority of the particles are between about 5-10 mm, and they range in shape from spherical to irregular. 1. An electrochemical cell comprising: an anode; a cathode; a separator between said anode and cathode; a liquid or gel electrolyte surrounding said anode and cathode; and a plurality of substantially loose hydrated alkali aluminum silicate particles disposed in said electrolyte and contacting both said anode and said cathode.2. An electrochemical cell as recited in wherein the majority of said alkali aluminum silicate particles have maximum dimensions between about 5-10 mm.3. An electrochemical cell as recited in wherein said anode is a plate comprising lead oxide claim 2 , said cathode is a plate comprising lead claim 2 , and said electrolyte contains sulfuric acid.4. An electrochemical cell as recited in wherein said anode comprises a porous carbon claim 2 , said cathode comprises a metal oxide claim 2 , and said electrolyte comprises a lithium salt in an organic solvent.5. An electrochemical cell as recited in wherein the shapes of the substantially loose particles range from substantially spherical to completely irregular.6. An electrochemical cell as recited in wherein said anode is a plate comprising lead oxide claim 1 , said cathode is a plate comprising lead claim 1 , and said electrolyte contains sulfuric acid.7. An electrochemical cell as recited in wherein said anode comprises a porous carbon claim 1 , said cathode comprises a metal oxide claim 1 , and said electrolyte comprises a lithium salt in an organic solvent.8. An electrochemical cell as recited in wherein the source of said alkali aluminum silicate is selected from the group consisting essentially of zeolite claim 1 , kyanite claim 1 , ...

METHOD OF INCREASING SECONDARY POWER SOURCE CAPACITY

A method of increasing secondary power source capacity includes doping a compound into an electrolyte as an additive which binding energy is higher than binding energy of combinations that are formed at a secondary power source discharge, the compound being ZnKr or CdAr. The method can be used in manufacturing secondary power sources such as batteries for electrical machines, transport vehicles, and cars, and for power sources for portable and mobile electronic devices. 1. An electrolyte for a secondary power source , the electrolyte being doped with a compound which is ZnKr or CdAr.2. The electrolyte according to claim 1 , the electrolyte being lithium solution in a non-aqueous aprotic solvent.3. A secondary power source comprising an electrolyte as defined in .4. The secondary power source according to claim 3 , wherein the secondary power source is a battery.5. The secondary power source according to claim 4 , wherein the battery is a lithium ion battery.6. An electrical machine claim 4 , transport vehicle claim 4 , electric vehicle claim 4 , portable electronic device or mobile electronic device comprising a battery as defined in . This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/343,116 which was filed Jul. 18, 2014, which represents the national stage entry of PCT International Application No. PCT/IB2012/001946 filed Aug. 28, 2012, which claims priority to Great Britain Patent Application 1115494.5 filed Sep. 7, 2011, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used at secondary power source capacity manufacturing: accumulators, storage batteries, and modules, used both in the capacity of power source to machines, electrical vehicles, and other transport vehicles and cargo transports, and for portable and mobile electronic devices.At present, secondary power sources are subdivided into a few types, according to materials that ...

LEAD-ACID BATTERY

A lead-acid battery includes a separator retaining an electrolyte solution, a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and a container. A negative electrode material contains bisphenols condensate, and a theoretical capacity ratio of the negative electrode material to a positive electrode material is 0.85 or more and 1.2 or less. 1. A lead-acid battery comprising a separator retaining an electrolyte solution , a positive electrode plate , a negative electrode plate , and a container ,wherein a negative electrode material of the negative electrode plate contains bisphenols condensate, anda theoretical capacity ratio B/A of a theoretical capacity B of the negative electrode material to a theoretical capacity A of a positive electrode material of the positive electrode plate is 0.85 or more and 1.2 or less.2. The lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the lead-acid battery is a retainer type lead-acid battery.3. The lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the separator is a nonwoven fabric-like or mat-like separator made of glass fibers or synthetic resin fibers.4. The lead-acid battery according to claim 3 , wherein a median pore size of the nonwoven fabric-like or mat-like separator is 3 μm or more and 8 μm or less.5. The lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode material contains the bisphenols condensate in an amount of 0.05% by mass or more and 0.25% by mass or less.6. The lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the bisphenols condensate is bisphenols formaldehyde condensate.7. The lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode plate retains 15% by mass or more of a total amount of the electrolyte solution.8. The lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode plate retains 15% by mass or more and 25% by mass or less of a total amount of the electrolyte solution.9. The lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the theoretical capacity ...

ACTIVATORS FOR LEAD-ACID STORAGE BATTERY AND LEAD-ACID STORAGE BATTERY

A lead-acid battery activator characterized in that alkali polyacrylate solid particles are dispersed in the sulfuric acid aqueous solution, which is intended to extend the battery life by preventing the sulfation of negative electrode, and a lead-acid battery using said activator. 1. A lead-acid battery activator characterized in that alkali polyacrylate solid particles are dispersed in a sulfuric acid aqueous solution of 1 percent by weight or more in concentration.2. The lead-acid battery activator of claim 1 , wherein said alkali polyacrylate particles have an average particle diameter of 0.002 to 0.5 millimeters and the content of said particles is 0.05 to 5 percent by weight.3. The lead-acid battery activator of claim 2 , wherein said alkali polyacrylate has an average molecular weight of 1 claim 2 ,000 claim 2 ,000 to 10 claim 2 ,000 claim 2 ,000.4. The lead-acid battery activator of wherein polyvinyl alcohol of 0.1 to 3 percent by weight is dissolved in said sulfuric acid aqueous solution.5. The lead-acid battery activator of claim 4 , wherein said alkali polyacrylate solid particles have an average particle diameter of 0.002 to 0.5 millimeters and the content of said particles is 0.05 to 5 percent by weight.6. The lead-acid battery activator of wherein gelatinous silica and/or fine particles of silica having an average particle diameter of 5 to 50 micrometers by 0.01 to 3 percent by weight are contained in said sulfuric acid aqueous solution.7. (canceled)8. A lead-acid battery activator characterized in that alkali polyacrylate solid particles are dispersed in the sulfuric acid aqueous solution of 1 percent by weight or more in concentration claim 1 , and that The lead-acid battery activator of wherein polyvinyl alcohol of 0.1 to 3 percent by weight is dissolved in said sulfuric acid aqueous solution claim 1 , moreover claim 1 , gelatinous silica and/or fine particles of silica having an average particle diameter of 5 to 50 micrometers by 0.01 to 3 percent ...

Electrolyte and Lead Sulfuric Acid Battery Containing Same

The invention provides sulfuric acid efficiency electrolytes including a surfactant, preferably an amphoteric or a non-ionic surfactant, and/or phosphoric acid, the sulfuric acid efficiency electrolyte preferably further including at least one of a chelating agent and a crystal growth regulator, and optionally, a filler. The invention further provides sulfuric acid electrolytes including a filler, at least one chelating agent, and at least one water-soluble sulfate salt, wherein the chelating agent comprises an alkali metallated chelating agent and the water-soluble sulfate salt comprises the corresponding cation to the cation present in the alkali metallated chelating agent. The invention further provides lead sulfuric acid batteries including a positive electrode, negative electrode, and the efficiency electrolyte of the invention disposed therebetween. 1. A sulfuric acid efficiency electrolyte , comprising: sulfuric acid , a filler , at least one chelating agent , and at least one water-soluble sulfate salt.2. (canceled)3. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the filler comprises polyacrylamide claim 1 , the chelating agent comprises LiEDTA claim 1 , and the water-soluble sulfate salt comprises LiSO.4. The electrolyte of claim 3 , wherein the chelating agent further comprises KEDTA and the water-soluble sulfate salt comprises KSO.5. The electrolyte of claim 4 , wherein the chelating agent further comprises NaEDTA and the water-soluble sulfate salt further comprises NaSO.6. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the at least one chelating agent is selected from the group consisting of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) claim 1 , a salt thereof claim 1 , and combinations of the foregoing.7. The electrolyte of claim 6 , wherein the EDTA salt is selected from the group consisting of the lithium salt claim 6 , the potassium salt claim 6 , the sodium salt claim 6 , and combinations of the foregoing.8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. The electrolyte of claim 5 , wherein ...

METHODS FOR MAKING COMPONENTS OF LEAD-ACID BATTERIES

In one or more embodiment described herein, a precursor of an active material of an electrode of a lead-acid battery may be made by a process that includes forming an active material paste and curing the active material paste to form the precursor of the active material of the electrode of the lead-acid battery. The active material paste may be made by combining at least water, an acid, a glass composition having at least 25 wt. % of a single metal oxide, and lead oxide. The metal oxide may be selected from barium oxide, lead oxide, zinc oxide, or antimony oxide.

Nonwoven Fabric Separator for Lead Storage Battery, and Lead Storage Battery Using Same

A nonwoven fabric separator for a lead storage battery includes a nonwoven fabric configured with regenerated fibers or synthetic fibers. 1. A nonwoven fabric separator for a lead storage battery , comprising a nonwoven fabric composed of a recycled fiber or synthetic fiber.2. The separator according to claim 1 , wherein the nonwoven fabric separator has an average pore diameter of from 0.1 μm to 50 μm.3. The separator according to claim 1 , wherein a relationship between the average pore diameter (D) of the nonwoven fabric separator and the number of pores (N) satisfies the following equation:{'br': None, 'sup': 2', '4, 'i': ' Подробнее

ABSORBENT GLASS MAT BATTERY

A lead-acid battery is disclosed. The lead-acid battery has a container with a cover and includes one or more compartments. One or more cell elements are provided in the one or more compartments. The one or more cell elements comprise a positive electrode, the positive electrode having a positive substrate and a positive electrochemically active material on the positive substrate; a negative electrode, the negative electrode having a negative substrate and a negative active mass on the negative substrate, wherein the negative active mass comprises a leady oxide, a synthetic organic expander, a very fine particle barium sulfate, and plurality of conductive carbons; and an absorbent glass mat separator between the positive plate and the negative plate. Electrolyte is provided within the container. One or more terminal posts extend from the container or the cover and are electrically coupled to the one or more cell elements. A negative electrode for a lead-acid battery and a battery having improved performance are also disclosed. 1. A lead-acid storage battery comprising:a container with a cover, the container including one or more compartments; a positive electrode, the positive electrode having a positive substrate and a positive electrochemically active material on the positive substrate;', 'a negative electrode, the negative electrode having a negative substrate and a negative active mass on the negative substrate, wherein the negative active mass comprises a leady oxide, an organic expander, a very fine particle barium sulfate, and plurality of conductive carbons; and', 'an absorbent glass mat separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode;, 'one or more cell elements in the one or more compartments, the one or more cell elements comprisingelectrolyte within the container; andone or more terminal posts extending from the container or the cover and electrically coupled to the one or more cell elements.2. The lead-acid storage battery of claim 1 ...

FLOODED LEAD-ACID BATTERY

A flooded lead-acid battery includes a negative active material, a positive active material having lead dioxide as a main component, and an electrolyte solution that contains sulfuric acid and is flowable. The negative active material of the flooded lead-acid battery contains carbon, a water-soluble polymer formed of a bisphenol condensation product having a sulfonic acid group, and a cellulose ether. The flooded lead-acid battery has low turbidity of the electrolyte solution and is excellent in high rate discharge performance at low temperature, regenerative charge accepting performance, and endurance performance in a partially charged state. 2. The flooded lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon is carbon black.3. The flooded lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the negative active material contains 0.5 mass % or more of the carbon with respect to 100 mass % of the spongy lead.4. The flooded lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the negative active material contains 2.5 mass % or less of the carbon with respect to 100 mass % of the spongy lead.5. The flooded lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the negative active material contains 0.5 mass % to 2.5 mass % (both inclusive) of the carbon with respect to 100 mass % of the spongy lead.6. The flooded lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the negative active material contains 0.1 mass % or more of the water-soluble polymer formed of the bisphenol condensation product with respect to 100 mass % of the spongy lead.7. The flooded lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the negative active material contains 0.9 mass % or less of the water-soluble polymer formed of the bisphenol condensation product with respect to 100 mass % of the spongy lead.8. The flooded lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the negative active material contains 0.1 mass % to 0.9 mass % (both inclusive) of the water-soluble polymer formed of the bisphenol condensation ...

VALVE REGULATED LEAD-ACID BATTERY, METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND MOTORCYCLE

A valve regulated lead-acid battery includes a negative electrode plate, a positive electrode plate, and a solution-retainer interposed between the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate and retaining an electrolyte solution. The negative electrode plate includes a surface layer in which Si is contained in an electrode material. An alkali metal element is contained in the electrolyte solution. 1. A valve regulated lead-acid battery comprising:a negative electrode plate;a positive electrode plate; anda solution-retainer interposed between the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate and retaining an electrolyte solution,wherein the negative electrode plate includes a surface layer in which Si is contained in an electrode material, andan alkali metal element is contained in the electrolyte solution.2. The valve regulated lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein a concentration of Si in a spongy lead in the surface layer is 15% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less in SiO2 equivalent.3. The valve regulated lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the surface layer has a thickness of 0.03 mm or more and 0.3 mm or less.4. The valve regulated lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal element is selected from a group consisting of Na claim 1 , Li and K.5. The valve regulated lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal element is contained in an amount of 5 g/L or more and 25 g/L or less in the electrolyte solution in sulfate equivalent.6. The valve regulated lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal element is Na.7. The valve regulated lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal element is contained in an amount of 10 g/L or more and 20 g/L or less in the electrolyte solution in sulfate equivalent.8. The valve regulated lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein Na is contained as the alkali metal element in an amount of 10 ...

BATTERY ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION

An electrolyte composition for use in an electrolytic cell and an electrolytic cell that includes the same. The electrolytic cell includes a chemical component having the general formula: 2. The battery electrolyte composition of wherein the battery electrolyte composition has a specific gravity between 1.2 and 1.4.3. The battery electrolyte composition of wherein the solution has a specific gravity between 1.25 and 1.3.4. The battery electrolyte composition of wherein the ionic salt component is present in an amount between 1 and 100 ppm.5. The battery electrolyte composition of wherein the ionic salt is selected from the group consisting of calcium salts claim 4 , sodium salts claim 4 , magnesium salts claim 4 , potassium salts and mixtures thereof.6. The battery electrolyte composition of wherein the chemical component of Formula I is present in an amount between 20 and 40% by volume and x is an integer between 3 and 11 and y is an integer between 1 and 10.7. The battery electrolyte composition of wherein in the compound of Formula I is present in an amount between 30 and 36% by volume and Z is a polyatomic ion having a charge of −2 or greater.8. The battery electrolyte composition of wherein in the compound of Formula I claim 7 , Z is selected from the group consisting of sulfite claim 7 , sulfate claim 7 , carbonate claim 7 , phosphate claim 7 , oxalate claim 7 , chromate claim 7 , dichromate claim 7 , pyrophosphate and mixtures thereof.9. The battery electrolyte composition of composed of a stiochiometrically balanced chemical composition of at least one of the following: hydrogen (1+) claim 1 , triaqua-μ3-oxotri sulfate (1:1); hydrogen (1+) claim 1 , triaqua-μ3-oxotri carbonate (1:1) claim 1 , hydrogen (1+) claim 1 , triaqua-μ3-oxotri phosphate claim 1 , (1:1); hydrogen (1+) claim 1 , triaqua-μ3-oxotri oxalate (1:1); hydrogen (1+) claim 1 , triaqua-μ3-oxotri chromate (1:1) hydrogen (1+) claim 1 , triaqua-μ3-oxotri dichromate (1:1) claim 1 , hydrogen (1+) ...

Additive for lead-acid battery and lead-acid battery

An additive for lead-acid battery including sulfonated polyacrylic acid aimed at extending the battery life by preventing the sulfation of the negative electrode, and a lead-acid battery using the additive.

LEAD-BASED ALLOY AND RELATED PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries. 1. A process for the production of doped leady oxide , the process comprising: 0.0090% to 0.0600% bismuth;', '0.0075% to 0.0125% antimony;', '0.0075% to 0.0125% arsenic;', '0.0035% to 0.0060% tin;', 'up to 0.0100% silver;', 'up to 0.0010% thallium; and', 'balance lead and incidental impurities;, 'charging lead-based alloy ingots into a ball mill, wherein the lead-based alloy ingots comprise, in percent by total alloy weightmilling the lead-based alloy ingots in air;oxidizing the lead-based alloy during the milling to form doped leady oxide; andforming powder particles of the doped leady oxide during the milling.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the lead-based alloy ingots comprise claim 1 , in percent by total alloy weight claim 1 , 0.0001% to 0.0010% thallium.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the lead-based alloy ingots comprise claim 1 , in percent by total alloy weight claim 1 , up to 0.0005% thallium.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the lead-based alloy ingots comprise claim 1 , in percent by total alloy weight claim 1 , from 0.0001% to 0.0005% thallium.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the lead-based alloy ingots comprise claim 1 , in percent by total alloy weight claim 1 , from 0.0090% to 0.0150% bismuth.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the lead-based alloy ingots comprise claim 1 , in percent by total alloy weight claim 1 , from 0.0090% to 0.0110% antimony.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the lead-based alloy ingots comprise claim 1 , in percent by total alloy weight claim 1 , from 0.0090% to 0.0110% arsenic.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the lead-based alloy ingots comprise claim 1 , in percent by total alloy weight:0.0090% to 0.0150% bismuth;0.0090% to 0.0110% antimony;0.0090% to 0.0110% arsenic;0.0035% to 0.0060 ...

ELECTROLYTE ADDITIVES FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES

A system and method for stabilizing electrodes against dissolution and/or hydrolysis including use of cosolvents in liquid electrolyte batteries for three purposes: the extension of the calendar and cycle life time of electrodes that are partially soluble in liquid electrolytes, the purpose of limiting the rate of electrolysis of water into hydrogen and oxygen as a side reaction during battery operation, and for the purpose of cost reduction. 1. A rechargeable electrochemical device , comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode;an electrolyte coupled with said electrodes; anda first additive in communication with said electrolyte;wherein a first particular one electrode of said electrodes includes a first variable potential material; andwherein said first additive participates in a first predetermined side-reaction with a first single one of said electrodes degrading a charging efficiency of said first single one of said electrodes for a duration of said first predetermined side-reaction.2. The rechargeable electrochemical device of wherein said duration is preconfigured for a reduction in a relative state-of-charge imbalance between said electrodes after charging of said electrodes.3. The rechargeable electrochemical device of wherein said first particular one electrode includes a first transition metal cyanide coordination compound (TMCCC).4. The rechargeable electrochemical device of further comprising a second additive in communication with said electrolyte wherein a second particular one electrode of said electrodes claim 1 , different from said first particular one electrode of said electrodes claim 1 , includes a second variable potential material; and wherein said second additive participates in a second predetermined side-reaction with a second single one of said electrodes.5. The rechargeable electrochemical device of wherein said second particular one electrode includes a second transition metal cyanide coordination compound (TMCCC).6. The ...

ABSORBENT GLASS MAT BATTERY

A lead-acid battery is disclosed. The lead-acid storage battery has a container with a cover, the container including one or more compartments. One or more cell elements are provided in the one or more compartments. The one or more cell elements include a positive plate, the positive plate having a positive grid and a positive electrochemically active material on the positive grid; a negative plate, the negative plate having a negative grid and a negative electrochemically active material on the negative grid, wherein the negative electrochemically active material comprises barium sulfate and an organic expander; and a separator between the positive plate and the negative plate. Electrolyte is provided within the container. One or more terminal posts extend from the cover and are electrically coupled to the one or more cell elements. 1. A lead-acid storage battery comprising:a container with a cover, the container including one or more compartments; a positive plate, the positive plate having a positive grid and a positive electrochemically active material on the positive grid;', 'a negative plate, the negative plate having a negative grid and a negative electrochemically active material on the negative grid, wherein the negative electrochemically active material comprises fine particle barium sulfate and an organic expander; and', 'an absorbent glass mat separator between the positive plate and the negative plate;, 'one or more cell elements in the one or more compartments, the one or more cell elements comprisingelectrolyte within the container; andone or more terminal posts extending from the container or the cover and electrically coupled to the one or more cell elements.2. The lead-acid storage battery of claim 1 , wherein the negative electrochemically active material further comprises one or more carbons are selected from the group consisting of high surface area conductive carbon black claim 1 , natural or synthetic graphite claim 1 , carbon nanotubes claim ...

A METAL ACCUMULATION INHIBITING AND PERFORMANCE ENHANCING SUPPLEMENT AND A SYSTEM FOR DELIVERING THE SUPPLEMENT

The invention relates to a metal accumulation inhibiting and performance enhancing isolated or synthesized supplement for use in or in association with rechargeable electrochemical energy storage cells, and a system for delivering the supplement including articles of plastic, articles containing plastic, articles similar to plastic, plastic containers, apparatus, porous electrodes, liquids and electrolytes, in particular, articles, apparatus, electrodes, insolating sheets, liquids and electrolytes associated with rechargeable electrochemical energy storage cells incorporating one or more supplements. An effective amount of the supplement typically exhibits foaming of an electrolyte, providing a visual indicator of activity in attenuating metal deposition on, and thereby reducing metal accumulation on, various surfaces in the rechargeable electrochemical storage cell. 1. An enhanced performance rechargeable electrochemical energy storage cell comprising:a container, at least one positive electrode with a positive connector and at least one negative electrode with a negative connector, the electrodes disposed in the container, the container containing an acidic electrolyte;a quantity of an isolated or synthesized performance enhancing supplement being incorporated with at least one component of the rechargeable electrochemical energy storage cell selected from the group consisting of the container, the at least one negative electrode, at least one separator adapted to be disposed between the at least one positive electrode and the at least one negative electrode, the acidic electrolyte, and combinations thereof, forming a treated cell;wherein application of an electric potential across the positive and negative connectors sufficient to cause an electric current to flow therebetween, effects at least one performance enhancement of the rechargeable electrochemical energy storage cell selected from the group consisting of a reduction of metal transfer within the treated ...

BIPOLAR BATTERY

A bipolar battery () comprising a stack of multiple bipolar plates () sandwiched between two monopolar plates () is disclosed. The bipolar plates () each comprise a conductive polymer core () and an integrally formed non-conductive polymer surround (), a layer of cathode material () on a first side of the bipolar plate (), and a layer of anode material () on a second, opposite side of the bipolar plate (). The integrally formed non-conductive polymer surround () extends from the conductive polymer core () further on one side than the other, such that on one side a first recess () is defined for accommodating electrolyte material of the battery (). The layers of anode material () and cathode material () are contained within a casing formed at least in part by the integrally formed non-conductive polymer surrounds () of all of the bipolar plates (). 1. A bipolar battery comprising a conductive polymer core and an integrally formed non-conductive polymer surround,', 'a layer of cathode material on a first side of the bipolar plate,', 'and a layer of anode material on a second, opposite side of the bipolar plate,', 'the integrally formed non-conductive polymer surround extends from the conductive polymer core further on one side than the other, such that on one side a first recess is defined for accommodating electrolyte material of the battery, and, 'a stack of multiple bipolar plates sandwiched between two monopolar plates, wherein the bipolar plates each comprise'}the layers of anode material and cathode material being contained within a casing formed at least in part by the integrally formed non-conductive polymer surrounds of all of the bipolar plates.2. A bipolar battery according to claim 1 ,wherein the conductive polymer core and integrally formed non-conductive polymer surround define a second recess on the opposite side of the bipolar plate to the first recess, the first recess being deeper than the second recess.3. A bipolar battery according to claim 1 , ...

ABSORBENT GLASS MAT SEPARATORS, VRLA BATTERIES, AND RELATED METHODS OF MANUFACTURE AND USE

Disclosed herein are soluble content absorbent glass mats or AGM separators for VRLA, AGM, or VRLA AGM batteries. Such glass mats may be prepared from insoluble glass fibers blended with soluble content materials. Upon exposure to a suitable solvent, the dissolving or solvating of the soluble content produces voids within the glass mat. The voids enhance the absorption of the solvent within the glass mat. The soluble content may be acid-soluble glass fibers or microfibers. 1. In an AGM separator , AGM battery , absorbent glass mat (AGM) , fibrous mat material (FMM) , acid filling process , acid fill rate , absorbent glass mat (AGM) separators , laminates , composites , and/or components , valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries , VRLA AGM batteries , VRLA AGM gel batteries , VRLA strings , battery capacity , battery cycle life , plate sulfation , VRLA or AGM battery capacity and/or cycle life , method of or for manufacturing , acid filling , use , and/or the like of AGM separators , AGM or VRLA batteries , absorbent glass mat (AGM) separators for VRLA batteries , VRLA AGM batteries , VRLA battery components (glass mat , AGM , separator , pasting paper , nonwoven , and/or PE membrane or separator) , absorbent glass layer , sealed lead acid (SLA) or VRLA AGM batteries , gel batteries , gel AGM batteries , nonwovens , method of manufacture , use , acid filing , absorbent glass mats or layers in a compressed state , absorbent glass mat or layer porosity and/or wettability , absorbent glass mats or layers in a compressed state porosity and/or wettability , porosity , acid filling , and/or wettability upon the addition of water , electrolyte , acid , dilute acid , or sulfuric acid (solvent) , porosity , acid filling , and/or wettability in a compressed state upon the addition of water , electrolyte or sulfuric acid (solvent) , and/or related methods of manufacture , use , acid filing , and/or the like , the improvement comprising: at least one of an improved , novel or ...

LEAD-ACID BATTERY

A lead-acid battery includes a battery chamber containing therein a sulfate-based electrolyte solution, a lead-based negative electrode unit, a lead dioxide-based positive electrode unit, a separator unit spaced apart from one of the lead-based negative electrode unit and the lead dioxide-based positive electrode unit by a gap unit, and a capacitor electrode unit made of a carbon-based fiber material, and configured to be fitted in the gap unit so as to be brought into direct contact with said one of the lead-based negative electrode unit and the lead dioxide-based positive electrode unit. 1. A lead-acid battery , comprising:a battery chamber containing therein a sulfate-based electrolyte solution;a lead-based negative electrode unit submerged in said sulfate-based electrolyte solution and extending in a lengthwise direction;a lead dioxide-based positive electrode unit submerged in said sulfate-based electrolyte solution and extending in the lengthwise direction;a separator unit which is submerged in said sulfate-based electrolyte solution, which extends in the lengthwise direction, and which is spaced apart from one of said lead-based negative electrode unit and said lead dioxide-based positive electrode unit in a transverse direction transverse to the lengthwise direction by a gap unit; anda capacitor electrode unit made of a carbon-based fiber material, and extending in the lengthwise direction, said capacitor electrode unit being configured to be fitted in said gap unit so as to be brought into direct contact with said one of said lead-based negative electrode unit and said lead dioxide-based positive electrode unit.2. The lead-acid battery of claim 1 , wherein said capacitor electrode unit is flexible.3. The lead-acid battery of claim 2 , wherein said capacitor electrode unit is made from a carbon fiber fabric.4. The lead-acid battery of claim 3 , wherein said carbon fiber fabric is manufactured by subjecting precursor polymer web to a carbonization treatment.5 ...

BATTERY SEPARATORS AND RELATED METHODS

Battery separators and related methods are generally provided. The battery separators may include one or more fiber webs. In some embodiments, one or more fiber webs of the battery separator comprises a plurality of glass fibers wherein at least a portion of the glass fibers are fused. The fiber web(s) may include, for example, glass fibers having particular glass compositions (e.g., a particular LiO content), and/or at least two different glass fibers having a minimum difference in softening temperatures. The one or more fiber webs may be designed to have desirable properties such as relatively high structural integrity (e.g., during acid filling of the battery such as in lead-acid batteries), enhanced separator stability, and/or enhanced wettability (e.g., wettability to acid) as compared to certain existing battery separators. 1. A battery separator , comprising:a fiber web comprising a plurality of glass fibers, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of glass fibers are fused with one another,wherein the fiber web has a basis weight of greater than or equal to 10 gsm and less than or equal to 700 gsm,{'sub': '2', 'wherein the plurality of glass fibers comprises individual fibers having greater than or equal to 2 wt % and less than or equal to 7 wt % LiO versus the weight of the individual fibers.'}2. A battery separator , comprising:a fiber web comprising a first plurality of glass fibers and a second plurality of glass fibers, wherein the first and second pluralities of glass fibers are microglass fibers,wherein the fiber web has a basis weight of greater than or equal to 10 gsm and less than or equal to 700 gsm,wherein the first plurality of glass fibers has a first softening temperature,wherein the second plurality of glass fibers has a second softening temperature, andwherein the first softening temperature is greater than the second softening temperature by at least 40° C.3. A battery separator , comprising:a fiber web comprising a first plurality of ...

Fluoride Ion Electrochemical Cell

Electrochemical cells of the present invention are versatile and include primary and secondary cells useful for a range of important applications including use in portable electronic devices. Electrochemical cells of the present invention also exhibit enhanced safety and stability relative to conventional state of the art primary lithium batteries and lithium ion secondary batteries. For example, electrochemical cells of the present invention include secondary electrochemical cells using anion charge carriers capable of accommodation by positive and negative electrodes comprising anion host materials, which entirely eliminate the need for metallic lithium or dissolved lithium ion in these systems. 1. An electrochemical cell comprising:a positive electrode;a negative electrode; and{'sup': '−', 'liquid phase electrolyte provided between said positive electrode and said negative electrode; said electrolyte capable of conducting anion charge carriers; said liquid phase electrolyte comprising a source of fluoride ions (F) dissolved in a solvent.'}wherein said positive electrode and negative electrode reversibly exchange said anion charge carriers with said electrolyte during charging or discharging of said electrochemical cell;wherein said anion charge carriers are said fluoride ions.2. (canceled)3. The electrochemical cell of wherein said electrolyte comprises a solvent and a fluoride salt claim 1 , wherein said fluoride salt is at least partially present in a dissolved state in said electrolyte claim 1 , thereby generating said fluoride ions in said electrolyte.4. The electrochemical cell of wherein said fluoride salt has the formula MF claim 3 , wherein M is a metal claim 3 , and n is an integer greater than 0.5. The electrochemical cell of wherein M is an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.6. The electrochemical cell of wherein M is a metal other than lithium.7. The electrochemical cell of wherein M is Na claim 4 , K claim 4 , or Rb.8. The electrochemical cell ...

POLYMER FIBER-CONTAINING MATS WITH ADDITIVES FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF LEAD ACID BATTERIES

A fiber-containing mats for a lead acid batteries are described. The mats contain a plurality of polymer fibers having at least one additive incorporated into at least a portion of the polymer fibers. The one or more additives suppress hydrogen evolution in the lead acid battery, and have a standard boiling point of 160° C. or more. Also described are lead acid batteries that include an electrode having an electrode active material held in a fiber-containing gauntlet made from a mat or fabric of polymer fibers having at least one additive for improving battery performance incorporated into the polymer fibers. 1. A fiber-containing mat for a lead acid battery , the mat comprising:a plurality of polymer fibers; andat least one additive incorporated into at least a portion of the polymer fibers, wherein the at least one additive suppresses hydrogen evolution in the lead acid battery, and wherein the at least one additive has a standard boiling point of 160° C. or more.2. The fiber-containing mat of claim 1 , wherein the at least one additive has a standard boiling point of 200° C. or more.3. The fiber-containing mat of claim 1 , wherein the at least one additive has a standard boiling point of 250° C. or more.4. The fiber-containing mat of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of polymer fibers are selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate fibers claim 1 , polybutylene terephthalate fibers claim 1 , polyethylene fibers claim 1 , and polypropylene fibers.5. The fiber-containing mat of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of polymer fibers comprise polyethylene terephthalate fibers.6. The fiber-containing mat of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of polymer fibers are spunbond polymer fibers.7. The fiber-containing mat of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of polymer fibers are meltblown polymer fibers.8. The fiber-containing mat of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of polymer fibers are spunlace polymer fibers.9. The fiber-containing mat of claim 1 , wherein the mat ...

ABSORBENT GLASS MAT SEPARATORS, VRLA BATTERIES, AND RELATED METHODS OF MANUFACTURE AND USE

Disclosed herein are soluble content absorbent glass mats or AGM separators for VRLA, AGM, or VRLA AGM batteries. Such glass mats may be prepared from insoluble glass fibers blended with soluble content materials. Upon exposure to a suitable solvent, the dissolving or solvating of the soluble content produces voids within the glass mat. The voids enhance the absorption of the solvent within the glass mat. The soluble content may be acid-soluble glass fibers or microfibers. 126-. (canceled)27. A separator for a battery comprising:at least one acid insoluble fibrous component, andat least one acid soluble fibrous component, wherein said at least one acid soluble fibrous component comprises one of the group consisting of at least one metal oxide, at least one metalloid oxide, and any combination thereof.28. The separator of wherein said at least one metalloid oxide comprises one or more of the group consisting of silicon oxide claim 27 , boron oxide and any combination thereof.29. The separator of wherein said at least one metal oxide comprises one or more of the group consisting of one or more alkali metals claim 27 , one or more alkaline earth metals claim 27 , one or more transition metals claim 27 , one or more post-transition metals claim 27 , and any combination thereof.30. The separator of wherein said at least one metal oxide comprises one or more of the group consisting of aluminum oxide claim 27 , barium oxide claim 27 , calcium oxide claim 27 , magnesium oxide claim 27 , potassium oxide claim 27 , sodium oxide claim 27 , zinc oxide claim 27 , and any combination thereof.31. The separator of wherein said at least one acid soluble fibrous component is present in an amount from approximately 0.1% to approximately 20% by weight of said separator.32. The separator of wherein said at least one acid soluble fibrous component comprises equal to or less than approximately 4% by weight of the separator.33. The separator of wherein said at least one acid insoluble ...

NANOPARTICLE COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR ENHANCING LEAD-ACID BATTERIES

This disclosure relates to compositions and methods for improving the performance of lead-acid batteries, including reviving or rejuvenating a partially or totally dead battery, by adding an amount of nonionic, ground state metal nanoparticles to the electrolyte of the battery, and optionally recharging the battery by applying a voltage. The metal nanoparticles may be gold and coral-shaped, and are added to provide a concentration within the electrolyte of 100 ppb to 2 ppm. 1. A method of rejuvenating and/or improving performance of a lead-acid battery , comprising:providing a lead-acid battery;adding an amount of nonionic, ground state metal nanoparticles to an electrolyte solution of the battery so as to bring the concentration of nanoparticles within the electrolyte to at least about 100 ppb; andthe nonionic, ground state metal nanoparticles rejuvenating or improving the performance of the lead-acid battery.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles are added to bring the concentration in the electrolyte to about 200 ppb to about 2 ppm.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the addition of the nanoparticles to the electrolyte increases a fully charged resting voltage of the battery as compared to a fully charged resting voltage of the battery prior to addition of the nanoparticles.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the addition of the nanoparticles to the electrolyte increases a cranking amps or cold cranking amps rating of the battery as compared to a cranking amps or cold cranking amps rating of the battery prior to addition of the nanoparticles.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the addition of the nanoparticles to the electrolyte increases a reserve capacity of the battery as compared to a reserve capacity of the battery prior to addition of the nanoparticles.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein an average cell voltage of the battery is increased to about 2.6 V.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein an average cell voltage of the battery is increased by about ...

Electrochemical lead battery including a specific additive

The present invention relates to an electrochemical lead battery comprising at least one electrochemical cell comprising a positive electrode comprising lead oxide PbO 2 and a negative electrode comprising lead metal separated by an electrolyte comprising methanesulfonic acid and at least one lead salt, characterized in that said electrolyte further comprises fluoride ions.

LEAD-ACID BATTERY

A lead-acid battery, including: a positive electrode plate; a negative electrode plate; an electrolyte solution; and a container having a cell chamber in which the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate and the electrolyte solution are accommodated. A concentration of Ba sulfate contained in a negative electrode material of the negative electrode plate is 1.0 mass % or more, and a Na concentration in the electrolyte solution is 0.04 mol/L or less. 1. A lead-acid battery , comprising:a positive electrode plate;a negative electrode plate;an electrolyte solution; anda container having a cell chamber in which the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate and the electrolyte solution are accommodated,wherein a concentration of Ba sulfate contained in a negative electrode material of the negative electrode plate is 1.0 mass % or more, anda Na concentration in the electrolyte solution is 0.04 mol/L or less.2. A lead-acid battery , comprising:a positive electrode plate;a negative electrode plate;an electrolyte solution; anda container having a cell chamber in which the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate and the electrolyte solution are accommodated,wherein a concentration of Ba contained in a negative electrode material of the negative electrode plate is 0.6 mass % or more, anda Na concentration in the electrolyte solution is 0.04 mol/L or less.3. The lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of Ba sulfate contained in the negative electrode material is 1.2 mass % or more.4. The lead-acid battery according to claim 2 , wherein the concentration of Ba contained in the negative electrode material is 0.7 mass % or more.5. The lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein when a total mass of the negative electrode plate per cell is expressed as NP (g) claim 1 , and a volume defined by a height of the negative electrode plate×a width of the negative electrode plate×an inside dimension of the cell ...

Lead Battery Arrangement And Process For Regenerating A Lead Battery Arrangement

Battery arrangements and methods of operating a battery arrangement. The battery arrangement includes at least two cells each including at least two electrodes at least partially immersed in an electrolyte, and a regeneration device for regenerating the electrolyte. The regeneration device is configured so that a volume of electrolyte in the first cell or the second cell can be exchanged with a regenerated electrolyte or a depleted electrolyte depending on an operating condition of the battery arrangement. 1. A battery arrangement comprising:a first cell including a first plurality of electrodes and a first volume of electrolyte; anda regeneration device configured to selectively exchange a respective volume of electrolyte in the first cell with a depleted electrolyte or a regenerated electrolyte.2. The battery arrangement of wherein the regeneration device includes a first storage container that holds the depleted electrolyte claim 1 , and a second storage container that holds the regenerated electrolyte.3. The battery arrangement of wherein the regeneration device further includes:a first fluid line connecting the first cell to the first storage container, anda second fluid line connecting the first cell to the second storage container.4. The battery arrangement of wherein the regeneration device further includes:a first pump configured to convey the depleted electrolyte through the first fluid line; anda second pump configured to convey the regenerated electrolyte through the second fluid line.5. The battery arrangement of wherein at least one of the first pump and the second pump is configured to circulate the respective electrolyte through the first cell under pressure.6. The battery arrangement of further comprising:a second cell including a second plurality of electrodes and a second volume of electrolyte, and wherein the regeneration device further includes:a valve system that selectively fluidically couples at least one of the first cell or the second cell ...

COSOLVENT ELECTROLYTES FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES

A system and method for stabilizing electrodes against dissolution and/or hydrolysis including use of cosolvents in liquid electrolyte batteries for three purposes: the extension of the calendar and cycle life time of electrodes that are partially soluble in liquid electrolytes, the purpose of limiting the rate of electrolysis of water into hydrogen and oxygen as a side reaction during battery operation, and for the purpose of cost reduction. 1. An electrochemical system , comprising:a first electrode;{'b': '1', 'sub': '2', 'a second electrode wherein at least one of said electrodes a transition metal cyanide coordination compound (TMCCC) material, said at least one electrode having a first dissolution rate R in a liquid electrolyte having an H0 component greater than 0.50; and'}{'b': 1', '1', '1', '1', '2', '1', '2', '2', '1', '1', '2, 'sub': '2', 'electrolytic means, coupled to said electrodes, for decreasing said first dissolution rate R, said electrolytic means including a total volume V having a first volume fraction V consisting essentially of HO, V/V>0.02, V/V<0.50, and a second volume fraction V of an organic cosolvent with V=V+V, V>V, and wherein said total volume V=V+V consists essentially of a single phase.'}2. The electrochemical system of wherein the TMCCC material includes a composition having the general chemical formula AP[R(CN)L].nHO claim 1 , wherein:A includes one or more cations;P includes one or more metal cations;R includes one or more transition metal cations; and{'sup': '−', 'L is a ligand substituted in the place of a CN ligand; where'}0≦x≦2;0 Подробнее

COSOLVENT ELECTROLYTES FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES

A system and method for stabilizing electrodes against dissolution and/or hydrolysis including use of cosolvents in liquid electrolyte batteries for three purposes: the extension of the calendar and cycle life time of electrodes that are partially soluble in liquid electrolytes, the purpose of limiting the rate of electrolysis of water into hydrogen and oxygen as a side reaction during battery operation, and for the purpose of cost reduction. 1. An electrolyte solution for an electrochemical system , comprising:a cosolvent liquid including a first liquid solvent combined with a second liquid solvent and a salt;wherein said cosolvent liquid includes a total liquid volume V;wherein said total liquid volume V includes a first liquid volume fraction V1 of said first liquid solvent;wherein said total liquid volume V includes a second liquid volume fraction V2 of said second liquid solvent;wherein V=V1+V2;{'sub': '2', 'wherein said first volume fraction V1 consists essentially of HO;'}wherein said second volume fraction V2 includes one or more organic solvents;wherein V1/V>0.02;wherein V2>V1; andwherein said cosolvent liquid consists essentially of a single phase.2. The electrolyte solution of wherein said total liquid volume V includes one or more cations selected from the group consisting of an alkali cation claim 1 , an alkali earth cation claim 1 , an ammonium cation claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The electrolyte solution of wherein said electrolyte produces a total concentration of said plurality of cations in said total liquid volume V greater than 0.1 M.4. The electrolyte solution of wherein said total concentration is greater than 1.4 M.5. The electrolyte solution of wherein said total liquid volume V includes an electrode lifetime extending additive; wherein an electrode disposed within said total liquid volume V includes a first lifetime when disposed in said total liquid volume V claim 1 , wherein said electrode includes a second lifetime when disposed ...

DOPED CONDUCTIVE OXIDES, AND IMPROVED ELECTRODES FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES BASED ON THIS MATERIAL

The object of the present invention is to provide a class of novel highly conductive doped oxides and their use as an electrode plate additive for batteries. With tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide as the precursor, the controllable metal doping leads to the formation of highly conductive oxide materials with high hydrogen evolution and high oxygen evolution potential, and can be stable in the sulfuric acid solution. This material can be used as additive materials for the battery positive and negative electrodes and can effectively reduce the electrode internal resistance, improve the utilization efficiency of active materials, increase charge and discharge rate performance, stabilize the electrode structure and improve cycling life. 1. An electrode plate for an electrochemical energy storage device comprising an acidic electrolyte , the said electrode plate comprising one or more of the following oxides:{'sub': x', '3', 'x', '3, 'tungsten oxide doped with A element (AWO), and molybdenum oxide doped with A element (AMoO), wherein'}the dopant element A may be any one or more of the following:lithium, sodium, potassium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, germanium, arsenic, rubidium, cesium, yttrium, zirconium, strontium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, indium, tin, antimony, tellurium, barium, hafnium, tantalum rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, thallium, lead, bismuth; and wherein the range of x values (mole percent) is 0.15 to 1, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1.2. The said electrode plate according to claim 1 , wherein the oxide is in the form of powder claim 1 , the particle size of the powder is 50 μm or less claim 1 , more preferably the particle size is 20 μm or less claim 1 , and most preferably at 5 μm or less.3. The said electrode plate of claim 1 , wherein the content of the oxide in the plate is 0- ...

LAMINAR TEXTILE MATERIAL FOR A BATTERY ELECTRODE

The invention relates to a laminar textile material for covering a pasty active mass on a battery electrode. The invention further relates to a battery electrode having such a material, to a battery, and to a method for producing battery electrodes. Potential improvements of lead batteries are disclosed that are more practical than previously known solutions, and that stabilize the pasty active mass on the battery electrodes. A laminar textile material is disclosed to this end, comprising glass fibers and fibers made of a thermoplastic, e.g. polyester. 120-. (canceled)21. An assembly comprising:at least one planar, plate-shaped electrode comprising a grid of an electrode material arranged in a frame;a pasty active mass covering both sides of the planar, plate-shaped electrode;a textile sheet battery electrode covering material comprising a yarn composed of glass fibers and fibers of a thermoplastic polymer which directly covers the pasty active mass; andat least one separator arranged on the textile sheet battery electrode covering material such that the battery electrode covering material is sandwiched between the pasty active mass and the separator,wherein the predominant weight fraction of the textile sheet battery electrode covering material of 50% to 90% is formed by the glass fibers, wherein a binder is provided to consolidate the fibers, wherein each of the glass fibers and the fibers composed of a thermoplastic polymer are finely fibrous having a diameter of less than 6 microns, and wherein the textile sheet battery electrode covering material is arranged on both sides of the planar, plate-shaped electrode.22. The assembly of claim 21 , wherein the fibers are bound in an acrylic resin.23. The assembly of claim 21 , wherein the textile sheet battery electrode covering material comprises a non-woven fabric.24. The assembly of claim 21 , wherein the textile sheet battery electrode covering material is a fleece material comprising nonwoven fabric.25. The ...

ELECTROLYTE ADDITIVES FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES

A system and method for stabilizing electrodes against dissolution and/or hydrolysis including use of cosolvents in liquid electrolyte batteries for three purposes: the extension of the calendar and cycle life time of electrodes that are partially soluble in liquid electrolytes, the purpose of limiting the rate of electrolysis of water into hydrogen and oxygen as a side reaction during battery operation, and for the purpose of cost reduction. 1. A rechargeable electrochemical device , comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode;an electrolyte coupled with said electrodes; anda first additive in communication with said electrolyte;wherein a first particular one electrode of said electrodes includes a first variable potential material; andwherein said first additive participates in a first predetermined side-reaction with a first single one of said electrodes degrading a charging efficiency of said first single one of said electrodes for a duration of said first predetermined side-reaction.2. The rechargeable electrochemical device of wherein said duration is preconfigured for a reduction in a relative state-of-charge imbalance between said electrodes after charging of said electrodes.3. The rechargeable electrochemical device of wherein said first particular one electrode includes a first transition metal cyanide coordination compound (TMCCC).4. The rechargeable electrochemical device of further comprising a second additive in communication with said electrolyte wherein a second particular one electrode of said electrodes claim 1 , different from said first particular one electrode of said electrodes claim 1 , includes a second variable potential material; and wherein said second additive participates in a second predetermined side-reaction with a second single one of said electrodes.5. The rechargeable electrochemical device of wherein said second particular one electrode includes a second transition metal cyanide coordination compound (TMCCC).6. The ...

Lead-based alloy and related processes and products

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.

NANOPARTICLE COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR ENHANCING LEAD-ACID BATTERIES

This disclosure relates to compositions and methods for improving the performance of batteries, such as lead-acid batteries, including reviving or rejuvenating a partially or totally dead battery, by adding an amount of nonionic, ground state metal nanoparticles to the electrolyte of the battery, and optionally recharging the battery by applying a voltage. The metal nanoparticles may be gold and coral-shaped and are added to provide a concentration within the electrolyte of 100 ppb to 2 ppm or more (e.g., up to 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, or 100 ppm). The metal nanoparticles may be added to battery electrode paste applied to the electrodes to enhance newly manufactured or remanufactured batteries. 1. A method of rejuvenating and/or improving performance of a battery having an electrolyte solution , comprising:providing a battery having an electrolyte solution;adding an amount of nonionic, ground state metal nanoparticles to the electrolyte solution so as to bring the concentration of nanoparticles within the electrolyte solution to at least 100 ppb and up to 100 ppm; andthe nonionic, ground state metal nanoparticles rejuvenating or improving the performance of the battery.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the battery is a lead-acid battery and3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the addition of the nanoparticles to the electrolyte solution increases a fully charged resting voltage of the battery as compared to a fully charged resting voltage of the battery prior to addition of the nanoparticles.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the addition of the nanoparticles to the electrolyte solution increases a cranking amps or cold cranking amps rating of the battery as compared to a cranking amps or cold cranking amps rating of the battery prior to addition of the nanoparticles.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the addition of the nanoparticles to the electrolyte solution increases a reserve capacity of the battery as compared to a reserve capacity of the battery prior ...

ENERGY GENERATING SYSTEM

The invention provides an energy generating system that includes ferromagnetic crystals in solution providing for improved longevity and operability at below zero temperatures and exhibiting superconductivity. 1. A method of enhancing performance of a battery that includes a chemical energy system for generating and storing energy with lowered resistance that continues to operate in subzero temperature , the method comprising the steps of:providing a container for housing an effective amount of crystalline chemicals having ferromagnetic properties in an acidic battery solution,providing at least one permanent magnet in the acidic battery solution and at least one permanent magnet external to the battery; andsubjecting the battery to sub-zero temperatures above the critical temperature of the ferromagnetic crystals, whereby the ferromagnetic crystalline chemicals form mono-crystals in solution that increase in strength at temperatures below zero degrees Celsius and above the critical temperature of the ferromagnetic crystals, producing a batter that increases in voltage output as temperatures are decreased.2. The method of wherein the method enhances the performance of a wet cell battery.3. The method of wherein the ferromagnetic crystals are selected from the group consisting of zinc sulfate heptahydrate claim 1 , cobalt chloride claim 1 , nickel hexahydrate claim 1 , copper sulfate and palladium chloride to the battery solution.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding graphene nanoplatelets and sodium dodecyl sulfate to the battery solution.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding lithium to the battery solution.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution is brought to sub-zero temperatures by using liquid nitrogen.7. A method of enhancing performance of a battery comprising a battery solution comprising an effective amount of ferromagnetic crystals claim 1 , having at least one permanent magnet in contact with the battery solution and ...

DISCOVERING THE METHOD OF EXTRACTING HYDROGEN GAS FROM WATER AND SAVING HYDROGEN GAS WITH HIGH ENERGY EFFICIENCY

The discovery of the method of extracting hydrogen gas from water and saving the high-energy hydrogen gas is a system used by acid-lead batteries and their electrolyte replacement, which removes hydrogen from the water during charging, and then the electricity consumed for this purpose. The battery float charge mode is stored in the battery by chemical reactions. Also, by reversible reactions, a little more than the hydrogen gas is released into the normal amount of gas from the battery houses. By this method, the practical steps are to finalize the sample during the Gaseous hydrogen is recommended for industry and industry. 1. System for extracting hydrogen gas from water and saving high-energy hydrogen gas , has two or more lead acid batteries , the required electrolyte , ie , concentrated potassium hydroxide , an electrical system for the flow of acid batteries , a drop-down battery , and an extraction system Gas.21. As claimed in clause , this system requires at least two lead acid batteries , which should be at least 45 amps in order for the charge current to exceed 5 amperes to enter the required gas. Hydrogen gas is collected from the houses of these batteries. The electrolyte is brought to the tank and the gas is transferred to the reservoir. The electrolyte of these batteries is exchanged and produced by chemical reactions simultaneously with the supply of hydrogen gas.3. According to claim 1 , this system requires potassium hydroxide instead of sulfuric acid to react with the desired chemical reactions. The concentration of electrolyte can be exactly as acid concentration and add to h2o and the overall reaction to The charge and discharge face is as follows:Discharge:pbo2+2koh+2k++pb+oh−−k2o+k2pbo2+h2o+pb(oh)+e−Charge:pb(ohh+k2pbo2+2k+k20+h20+0h 2koh+pbo2+Pb+4koh+o2+h2+2e41. As stated in clause of the electric system claim 1 , charging the battery between the batteries has the function of charging the batteries in order to extract the hydrogen gas charge ...

ENERGY GENERATING SYSTEM

The invention provides an energy generating system that includes ferromagnetic crystals in solution providing for improved longevity and operability at below zero temperatures and exhibiting superconductivity. 1. A chemical energy system for generating and storing energy with lowered resistance comprising crystalline chemicals having ferromagnetic properties in solution and an electron generating source.2. The system of wherein the ferromagnetic crystals comprise a compound selected from the group consisting of zinc sulfate heptahydrate claim 1 , cobalt chloride claim 1 , nickel hexahydrate claim 1 , copper sulfate and palladium chloride.3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising graphene nanoplatelets and sodium dodecyl sulfate in the solution.4. The system of claim 1 , further adding lithium to the solution.5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one permanent magnet in contact with the solution.6. The system of claim 5 , further comprising at least one magnet on the outside of the electron generating source.7. A dry cell battery comprising the solution of .8. A wet cell battery comprising the solution of .9. A method of enhancing performance of a battery comprising a battery solution comprising an effective amount of ferromagnetic crystals claim 1 , having at least one permanent magnet in contact with the battery solution and at least one permanent magnet external to the battery and subjecting to sub-zero temperatures above the critical temperature of the ferromagnetic crystals10. The method of wherein the ferromagnetic crystals are selected from the group consisting of zinc sulfate heptahydrate claim 9 , cobalt chloride claim 9 , nickel hexahydrate claim 9 , copper sulfate and palladium chloride to the battery water.11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising adding graphene nanoplatelets and sodium dodecyl sulfate.12. The method of claim 9 , further comprising adding lithium to the solution.13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the solution ...

LEAD-ACID BATTERY

A lead-acid battery includes a negative electrode material containing graphite and barium sulfate. A ratio S/W of an average plate interval S between a negative electrode plate and a positive electrode plate, to a mass W of the negative electrode material per one negative electrode plate is 0.01 mm/g or more. 1. A lead-acid battery comprising a negative electrode plate , a positive electrode plate , an electrolyte solution , and a separator , whereinthe negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode material containing either graphite or carbon fiber, and barium sulfate, andan average plate interval S between the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate, and a mass W of the negative electrode material per one negative electrode plate are in a ratio S/W of 0.01 mm/g or more.2. A lead-acid battery comprising a negative electrode plate , a positive electrode plate , an electrolyte solution , and a separator , whereinthe negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode material containing either graphite or carbon fiber, and elemental barium, andan average plate interval S between the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate, and a mass W of the negative electrode material per one negative electrode plate are in a ratio S/W of 0.01 mm/g or more.3. The lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode material contains 0.6 mass % or more of barium sulfate.4. The lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode material contains 1.2 mass % or more of barium sulfate.5. The lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode material contains carbon black.6. The lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode material contains less than 2.5 mass % of graphite or less than 2.5 mass % of carbon fiber.7. The lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio S/W is 0.02 mm/g or less.8. The lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , ...

SEPARATOR FOR LEAD-ACID BATTERY, AND LEAD-ACID BATTERY

To provide a convenient and effective method for suppressing the penetration of dendrite over the microporous film mainly containing the base portion, which occupies the most part of the entire separator (total area), rather than the peculiar concept (resulting in a difficult measure), in which only the pore structure of the rib portion is densified or contracted for suppressing dendrite from penetrating through the rib portion. A separator for a lead-acid battery, containing a microporous film obtained in such a manner that a raw material composition mainly containing a polyolefin resin, silica powder, and a plasticizer is melt-kneaded and formed into a film, from which the plasticizer is entirely or partially removed, the raw material composition containing glass flakes having an average particle diameter of from 20 to 800 μm and an average thickness of 0.2 to 8 μm and having no self-film formability in an amount of from 2 to 15% by weight based on a total amount of the silica powder and the glass flakes, the glass flakes in the microporous film being disposed in such a manner that a plane direction thereof is substantially oriented in a plane direction of the microporous film, a value of (the content of the glass flakes in the microporous film)/(the average thickness of the glass flakes in the microporous film) being 1 or more. 2. The separator for a lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the value of (the content of the glass flakes in the microporous film (% by weight))/(the average thickness of the glass flakes in the microporous film (μm)) is 2 or more.3. The separator for a lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein 80% or more of the particles that have a particle diameter of 10 μm or more of the glass flakes in the microporous film are disposed in such a manner that a plane direction thereof forms 20° or less with respect to the plane direction of the microporous film.4. The separator for a lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein ...

Storage battery structure

A storage battery structure assembled from positive plates, negative plates, plates, a battery compartment, an electrolyte, wiring portions, and a plurality of microelement structures disposed in the bottom portion of the battery compartment. Each of the microelement structures enable the battery structure to produce highfield activated molecular vibration frequencies, thereby changing the molecular structure of the electrolyte to achieve accelerated ionic exchange rates, accelerated charging times, increased conversion rates, reduced accumulating blockage of lead sulfate crystals, reduced corrosion rate of the positive plates, and extended battery life.

LIQUID LEAD-ACID BATTERY AND IDLING STOP VEHICLE USING LIQUID LEAD-ACID BATTERY

A volume Ve of an electrode group thereof is calculated by Ve=(Sp+Sn)×D/2, where Sp represents an electrode plate area of a positive electrode plate, Sn represents an electrode plate area of a negative electrode plate, D represents the internal dimension of a container in the direction in which the electrode plates of the electrode group are laminated. A ratio (Vp+Vn)/Ve is 0.27 to 0.32, where Vp+Vn is the sum volume of the total pore volume Vp of a positive active material and the total pore volume Vn of the negative active material contained in the electrode group, and Ve is the volume of the electrode group. A ratio Vp/Ve is 0.13 to 0.15, where Vp is the total pore volume of the positive active material and Ve is the volume of the electrode group. 120-. (canceled)21. A liquid lead-acid battery comprising an electrode group comprising a lamination of a positive electrode plate in which a positive active material is carried by a positive current collector and a negative electrode plate in which a negative active material is carried by a negative current collector; an electrolyte solution which has flowability and in which the electrode group is immersed; and a container storing the electrode group and the electrolyte solution , wherein when a volume Ve of the electrode group is calculated by Ve=(Sp+Sn)×D/2 where Sp represents an electrode plate area of the positive electrode plate , Sn represents an electrode plate area of the negative electrode plate , and D represents internal dimension of the container in a direction in which the electrode plates of the electrode group are laminated , a ratio (Vp+Vn)/Ve is 0.27 to 0.32 , where Vp+Vn is a sum volume of a total pore volume Vp of the positive active material and a total pore volume Vn of the negative active material contained in the electrode group , and Ve is a volume of the electrode group , and22. The liquid lead-acid battery according to claim 21 , wherein a ratio Vp/Ve is 0.13 to 0.15 claim 21 , where Vp is ...

ADVANCED GRAPHITE ADDITIVE FOR ENHANCED CYCLE-LIFE OF DEEP DISCHARGE LEAD-ACID BATTERIES

An Advanced Graphite deep discharge lead acid battery is described including: a deep storage lead acid cell energy storage device comprises: an electrode comprising lead; an electrode comprising lead dioxide; a separator between the electrode comprising lead and the electrode comprising lead dioxide; an aqueous solution electrolyte containing sulfuric acid; and a carbon-based additive having a specific surface area of approximately 250 to 550 m/g. 1. A deep discharge lead acid cell , comprising:a first electrode comprising lead;a second electrode comprising lead dioxide;a separator between the electrode comprising lead and the electrode comprising lead dioxide;an aqueous solution electrolyte containing sulfuric acid; and{'sup': '2', 'a carbon-based additive having a specific surface area of approximately 250 to 550 m/g.'}2. The deep discharge lead acid cell of claim 1 , wherein said first and second electrodes are configured with a thickness between about 0.015 and 0.025 inches.3. The deep discharge lead acid cell of claim 1 , wherein the charge acceptance is increased by about 15% at about 80 degrees F. over standard motive power cells claim 1 , having a charge acceptance of between about 1.03 to 1.90 Ah/min.4. The deep discharge lead acid cell of claim 1 , wherein the charge acceptance is increased by about 48% at about 32 degrees F. over standard motive power cells claim 1 , having a charge acceptance of between about 0.67 to 1.49 Ah/min.5. The deep discharge lead acid cell of claim 1 , wherein the charge acceptance is increased by about 15% at about 80 degrees F. over standard motive power cells claim 1 , having a charge acceptance of between about 1.03 to 1.90 Ah/min and wherein the charge acceptance is increased by about 48% at about 32 degrees F. over standard motive power cells claim 1 , having a charge acceptance of between about 0.67 to 1.49 Ah/min.6. The deep discharge lead acid cell of claim 1 , wherein the formation efficiency is increased by about 18% ...

ENHANCED FLOODED BATTERY SEPARATORS, METHOD OF MANUFACTURE AND METHOD OF USE

A method of battery separator manufacture and method of use whereby an additive is deployed to mitigate the destructive process of volumetric depletion of electrolyte in a lead-acid battery (known as “water loss”). A set of techniques is disclosed herein for the application of chemically specific additives to address the deleterious effect to critical battery performance features brought about by the sustained reduction in battery electrolyte volume (“water loss”) over the battery service life. 1. A lead-acid battery comprising:an additive deployed in the lead-acid battery configured to mitigate water loss and destructive processes within the lead-acid battery as a result of the water loss;wherein the additive is deployed in the lead-acid battery to address deleterious effects to critical battery performance features brought about by a sustained reduction in a battery electrolyte volume over a service life of the lead-acid battery.2202. The lead-acid battery of claim 1 , wherein the additive deployed in the lead-acid battery is configured to suppress a rate of water loss over the service life of the lead-acid battery resulting in a reduced level of electrolyte leading to dry-out claim 1 , thus exposing battery component weld points claim 1 , electrode plates and connections leading to accelerated corrosion claim 1 , increasing an electrolyte acid concentration claim 1 , a negative electrode sulfation and a positive electrode grid corrosion and an excessive outgassing of H and gasses claim 1 , whereby consequences of water loss affect key battery performance features including an energy storage capacity claim 1 , a cold cranking amperage claim 1 , a hazardous gas venting claim 1 , and a marked reduction in cycling or the service life.3. The lead-acid battery of claim 1 , where the additive deployed in the lead-acid battery has a general formula of:{'br': None, 'sub': (X)', '(Y)', '(Z), 'CHO;'}where X=8 to 18 carbon atoms;where Y=1 to 38 hydrogen atoms; andwhere Z=0 ...

Metal Accumulation Inhibiting And Performance Enhancing Supplement And A System For Delivering The Supplement

The invention relates to a metal accumulation inhibiting and performance enhancing isolated or synthesized supplement for use in or in association with rechargeable electrochemical energy storage cells, and a system for delivering the supplement including articles of plastic, articles containing plastic, articles similar to plastic, plastic containers, apparatus, porous electrodes, liquids and electrolytes, in particular, articles, apparatus, electrodes, insolating sheets, liquids and electrolytes associated with rechargeable electrochemical energy storage cells incorporating one or more supplements. An effective amount of the supplement typically exhibits foaming of an electrolyte, providing a visual indicator of activity in attenuating metal deposition on, and thereby reducing metal accumulation on, various surfaces in the rechargeable electrochemical storage cell.

Binders, Electrolytes and Separator Films for Energy Storage and Collection Devices Using Discrete Carbon Nanotubes

In various embodiments an improved binder composition, electrolyte composition and a separator film composition using discrete carbon nanotubes. Their methods of production and utility for energy storage and collection devices, like batteries, capacitors and photovoltaics, is described. The binder, electrolyte, or separator composition can further comprise polymers. The discrete carbon nanotubes further comprise at least a portion of the tubes being open ended and/or functionalized. The utility of the binder, electrolyte or separator film composition includes improved capacity, power or durability in energy storage and collection devices. The utility of the electrolyte and or separator film compositions includes improved ion transport in energy storage and collection devices. 1. A composition for use as a binder material , an electrolyte material or a separator film material of an energy storage or collection device , comprising:a plurality of discrete carbon nanotube fibers, said fibers having an aspect ratio of from about 10 to about 500, and wherein at least a portion of the discrete carbon nanotube fibers are open ended.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the portion of discrete carbon nanotubes that are open ended are ion conducting.3. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one polymer.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are further functionalized.5. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one dispersion aid.6. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of vinyl polymers claim 3 , poly(styrene-butadiene) claim 3 , partially or fully hydrogenated poly(styrene butadiene) containing copolymers claim 3 , functionalized poly(styrene butadiene) copolymers such as carboxylated poly(styrene butadiene) claim 3 , poly(styrene-isoprene) claim 3 , poly(methacrylic acid) claim 3 , poly(methylmethacrylate) claim 3 , poly(acrylic acid) claim 3 , poly(vinylalcohols) ...

Metal Accumulation Inhibiting And Performance Enhancing Supplement And A System For Delivering The Supplement

The invention relates to a metal accumulation inhibiting and performance enhancing isolated or synthesized supplement for use in or in association with rechargeable electrochemical energy storage cells, and a system for delivering the supplement including articles of plastic, articles containing plastic, articles similar to plastic, plastic containers, apparatus, porous electrodes, liquids and electrolytes, in particular, articles, apparatus, electrodes, insolating sheets, liquids and electrolytes associated with rechargeable electrochemical energy storage cells incorporating one or more supplements. An effective amount of the supplement typically exhibits foaming of an electrolyte, providing a visual indicator of activity in attenuating metal deposition on, and thereby reducing metal accumulation on, various surfaces in the rechargeable electrochemical storage cell.

ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION

An electrolyte composition and a battery is provided. The electrolyte composition includes graphene. The electrolyte composition of the present invention is suitable for a battery and can improve the life cycle of the battery. The application process of the electrolyte composition of the present invention is simple and more cost-efficient as compared to conventional techniques which add carbon material(s) to a battery. The present invention is effective in improving battery performance. 1. An electrolyte composition comprising graphene.2. The electrolyte composition according to comprising water claim 1 , sulfuric acid and graphene.3. The electrolyte composition according to wherein graphene is present in an amount of about 0.001 wt % to about 1 wt % based on the total weight of the electrolyte composition.4. The electrolyte composition according to wherein graphene is modified with hydrophilic groups.5. The electrolyte composition according to wherein hydrophilic groups are selected from hydroxyl group claim 4 , amino group claim 4 , carboxyl group claim 4 , carbonyl group claim 4 , phosphate group and a combination thereof.6. The electrolyte composition according to wherein the modified graphene has a carbon content of more than about 80 mol % and an oxygen content from about 1 mol % to about 20 mol %.7. The electrolyte composition according to claim 2 , having a specific gravity from about 1.12 to about 1.28.8. The electrolyte composition according to claim 2 , having a resistance of no greater than 600 Ω.9. The electrolyte composition according to claim 8 , having a resistance of 100 to 600 Ω.10. The electrolyte composition according to for use in a lead-acid battery.11. A battery comprising the electrolyte composition of . The present invention relates to a novel electrolyte composition and a battery, particularly a novel graphene-containing electrolyte composition useful for a battery.Generally, batteries can be divided into chemical batteries and physical ...

Carbonaceous materials for lead acid batteries

Disclosed herein are compositions, which can be used to coat electrode plates, comprising at least one carbonaceous material and at least one additive, wherein the at least one additive comprises a metal ion selected from calcium, barium, potassium, magnesium, and strontium ion, and wherein the metal ion is present in an amount ranging from 0.5 wt. % to 3 wt. % relative to the total weight of carbonaceous material. Also disclosed are electrodes and lead acid batteries comprising such compositions, and methods of making the compositions.

LEAD STORAGE BATTERY

Disclosed is a lead acid battery including: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an electrolyte containing sulfuric acid. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material, and a negative electrode grid that supports the negative electrode active material. The negative electrode grid contains tin in an amount of 0.1 mass % or more and 0.8 mass % or less. The electrolyte contains aluminum ions at a concentration of 1 mmol/L or more and less than 10 mmol L, and sodium ions at a concentration of 15 mmol/L or less. 1. A lead acid battery comprising:a positive electrode;a negative electrode;a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; andan electrolyte containing sulfuric acid,wherein the negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material, and a negative electrode grid that supports the negative electrode active material,the negative electrode grid contains tin in an amount of 0.1 mass % or more and 0.8 mass % or less, andthe electrolyte contains aluminum ions at a concentration of 1 mmol/L or more and less than 10 mmol/L, and sodium ions at a concentration of 15 mmol/L or less.2. The lead acid battery in accordance with claim 1 ,wherein the concentration of aluminum ions in the electrolyte is 1 mmol/L or more and 9.5 mmol/L or less, andthe concentration of sodium ions is 1 mmol/L or more and 10 mmol/L or less.3. The lead acid battery in accordance with claim 1 ,wherein the amount of tin in the negative electrode grid is 0.1 mass % or more and 0.5 mass % or less.4. The lead acid battery in accordance with claim 1 ,wherein the lead acid battery comprises an electrode plate group and the electrolyte,the electrode plate group includes:a plurality of the positive electrodes;a positive electrode strap that connects the plurality of the positive electrodes in parallel;a plurality of the negative electrodes;a negative ...

LEAD-ACID BATTERY RESTORATION AGENTS CONTAINING GRAPHENE MATERIALS

The present invention relates to an agent for the restoration of lead-acid batteries. The agent includes graphene materials and appropriate non-ionic dispersion agents. This agent is stable when used in the electrolytes of lead-acid batteries. The process of producing the restoration agent involves making graphene materials, and mixing graphene material with dispersing agents in water. Also disclosed is its use in a process for the restoration of lead-acid batteries. 1. An agent for the restoration of lead-acid batteries comprising graphene materials and dispersion agents.2. The agent of claim 1 , wherein graphene materials are selected from reduced graphene oxide claim 1 , mono-layer graphene claim 1 , and few-layer graphene (2-10 layers).3. The agent of claim 1 , wherein graphene materials are produced through oxidation claim 1 , reduction claim 1 , physical exfoliation claim 1 , electrochemical exfoliation claim 1 , or chemical synthesis.4. The agent of claim 1 , wherein the graphene material is reduced graphene oxide.5. The agent of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of graphene materials is 0.01%-1% by weight.6. The agent of claim 1 , wherein one or more dispersion agents are selected from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) claim 1 , polyethylene glycol (PEG) claim 1 , polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) claim 1 , polyacrylic acid claim 1 , polymer Pluronic P123 claim 1 , and Triton X-100.7. The agent of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the dispersion agent is 0.01-10% by weight.8. The agent of claim 1 , wherein the dispersion agent is polyvinyl alcohol.9. The agent of claim 1 , wherein the dispersion agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone.10. The agent of claim 1 , wherein the dispersion agent is polymer Pluronic P123.11. An agent for the restoration of lead-acid batteries comprising graphene materials claim 1 , dispersion agents and reducing agents.12. The agent of claim 11 , wherein graphene materials are selected from reduced graphene oxide claim 11 , mono-layer graphene claim ...

COMPOSITION FOR EXTENDING LIFE OF LEAD ACID BATTERIES

An additive is for extending the useful life-span of the lead acid batteries. The additive is a safe and environmentally harmless material in the form of an aqueous liquid or an easy-to-use capsule. A method refurbishes lead acid batteries and extends their life-span. 1. An additive for the electrolyte of lead acid batteries comprising at least one uncharged polysaccharide (PS) and at least one charged polysaccharide , said polysaccharides having an average polymerization degree of 100 or more , and said charged polysaccharide having an average charge density of 0.1 or more , wherein said polysaccharides are selected from cellulose derivatives and algal polysaccharides.2. An additive for the electrolyte of lead acid batteries according to claim 1 , wherein said uncharged PS comprises cellulose claim 1 , and wherein said charged PS comprises a carboxylated PS claim 1 , sulfated PS claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.3. An additive for the electrolyte of lead acid batteries according to claim 1 , wherein said polysaccharides are selected from cellulose derivatives.4. An additive for the electrolyte of lead acid batteries according to claim 1 , having a form selected from a concentrated solution claim 1 , a tablet claim 1 , and a capsule.5. An additive for the electrolyte of lead acid batteries according to claim 1 , conferring the electrolyte a concentration of polysaccharides of from about 0.01% to 0.07%.6. An additive for the electrolyte of lead acid batteries according to claim 1 , exhibiting a conductivity of from 0.5 mS/cm to 10 mS/cm when diluted in water to a concentration of polysaccharides of about 1%.7. An additive for the electrolyte of lead acid batteries according to claim 1 , exhibiting a viscosity at 25° C. of from 5 cP to 100 cP when diluted in water to a concentration of polysaccharides of about 1%.8. An additive for the electrolyte of lead acid batteries according to claim 1 , comprising at least one charged polysaccharide having a polymerization degree ...

LEAD-ACID BATTERIES WITH FAST CHARGE ACCEPTANCE

An improved lead acid battery (LAB) battery may provide high charge acceptance and may be suitable for a wide range of applications, including a variety of new applications. The new battery can sustain 67% of the maximum capacity even at a very high charging rate of IOC. This battery may decrease the use of lead in comparison to prior lead acid battery designs by up to 50%. 1. A lead acid battery comprising:a first electrode;an electrolyte; anda second electrode comprising at least one an organic material, wherein the organic material comprises at least one cyclic substructure with at least one hydroxyl (C—O—H) group and/or carbonyl (C═O) group.2. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte has a pH value equal to or lower than 2.3. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode has a lead content of 0-10 wt %.4. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode is electrochemically reversible between a C—O—H-containing form and a C═O-containing form or vice versa.5. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the C atoms in the at least one hydroxyl (C—O—H) group and/or carbonyl (C═O) group are part of a cyclic substructure.6. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the cyclic substructure is a carbocycle with carbon atoms forming a ring.7. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the cyclic substructure is a heterocycle with both carbon and non-carbon atoms forming a ring.8. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the cyclic substructure is an aromatic ring.9. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the cyclic substructure further comprises one or more R groups where R=M claim 1 , CH claim 1 , CHCH claim 1 , CHCHCH claim 1 , CH(CH) claim 1 , C(CH) claim 1 , CHCH claim 1 , CCH claim 1 , OM claim 1 , OCH claim 1 , OCHCH claim 1 , OCHCHCH claim 1 , OCH(CH) claim 1 , OC(CH) claim 1 , NH claim 1 , NHCH claim 1 , N(CH) claim 1 , NHCHCHCH claim 1 , NHCH(CH) claim 1 , NHC(CH) claim 1 , CN claim 1 , Cl claim 1 , Br claim 1 , I claim 1 , or SOM claim 1 , where M=H claim 1 , Li claim 1 , Na claim 1 ...

THERMALLY SELF-CHARGEABLE FLEXIBLE ENERGE STORAGE DEVICE AND METHOD OF FORMING AND OPERATING THE SAME

An energy storage device and method of forming and operating the same. In one embodiment, the energy storage device includes a positive electrode including a first redox polymer deposited on a first conductive porous substrate. The energy storage device also includes a solid-state polyelectrolyte separator operative as a voltage generator, and a negative electrode including a second redox polymer deposited on a second conductive porous substrate, thereby forming an electrochemical cell.

Lead-based alloy and related processes and products

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.

GAUNTLET MOTIVE BATTERY

An improved gauntlet wet cell battery provides a plurality of elongated hollow spines filled with active material in a cathode array. Bottom ends of the cathode array are closed with an electrically conductive bottom end cap that electrically and mechanically interconnects the free ends of each spine so as to close and substantially rigidly locate the free ends of said spines with respect to one another. In this manner, electrical continuity between the spines is maintained even if one of the spines fractures, cracks, or otherwise becomes mechanically disassociated from an upper portion of the same spine. 1. An improved gauntlet wet cell battery , comprising:a substantially fluid-impervious battery case;an anode plate;a gauntlet cathode array having a plurality of elongated hollow spines filled with an active material, each spine of the array defining a top end and a distal free end, the spines being electrically and mechanically interconnected at the top ends by an integral structure;a substantially conductive bottom end cap electrically and mechanically interconnected with the spine free ends so as to close and substantially rigidly locate the free ends with respect to one another;a plurality of ion-permeable fabric covers substantially encasing the elongated spines; andan electrolyte in solution with water in the battery case such that the anode plate, gauntlet cathode array, bottom end cap, and fabric covers are all substantially received in the battery case.2. The improved gauntlet wet cell battery of claim 1 , including an ion-porous separator between the anode plate and cathode array.3. The improved gauntlet wet cell battery of claim 1 , wherein the anode plate is also an array having a plurality of elongated hollow spines filled with an active material claim 1 , each spine of the array defining a top end and a distal free end claim 1 , the spines being electrically and mechanically interconnected at the top and bottom ends by an integral conductive structure ...

Laminar textile material for a battery electrode

The invention relates to a laminar textile material for covering a pasty active mass on a battery electrode. The invention further relates to a battery electrode having such a material, to a battery, and to a method for producing battery electrodes. Potential improvements of lead batteries are disclosed that are more practical than previously known solutions, and that stabilize the pasty active mass on the battery electrodes. A laminar textile material is disclosed to this end, comprising glass fibers and fibers made of a thermoplastic, e.g. polyester.

FLOODED LEAD-ACID BATTERY

A flooded lead-acid battery, including a negative electrode plate holding a negative active material, a positive electrode plate holding a positive active material, and a flowable electrolyte solution in which these plates are immersed, and allowing the electrolyte solution to have a utilization factor greater than or equal to 75%, wherein the concentration of an alkali metal ion or an alkaline earth metal ion in the electrolyte solution is allowed to be 0.07 to 0.3 mol/L, and the pore volume of the negative active material after formation is allowed to be 0.08 to 0.16 mL/g. 1. A flooded lead-acid battery , comprising a negative electrode plate holding a negative electrode material , a positive electrode plate holding a positive electrode material , and a flowable electrolyte solution in which these plates are immersed , and allowing the electrolyte solution to have a utilization factor greater than or equal to 75% , whereinthe concentration of an alkali metal ion or an alkaline earth metal ion in the electrolyte solution is 0.07 to 0.3 mol/L, andthe pore volume of the negative electrode material is 0.08 to 0.16 mL/g.2. The flooded lead-acid battery according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode plate is wrapped by a separator.3. A using method of a flooded lead-acid battery claim 1 , comprising the step of using the flooded lead-acid battery according to in a partially charged state.4. The using method of a flooded lead-acid battery according to claim 3 , wherein the flooded lead-acid battery is used in a starting application for a vehicle.5. A using method of a flooded lead-acid battery claim 2 , comprising the step of using the flooded lead-acid battery according to in a partially charged state.6. The using method of a flooded lead-acid battery according to claim 5 , wherein the flooded lead-acid battery is used in a starting application for a vehicle. The present invention relates to a flooded lead-acid battery suitable for an idling stop vehicle and the ...

ABSORBENT GLASS MAT SEPARATORS, VRLA BATTERIES, AND RELATED METHODS OF MANUFACTURE AND USE

Disclosed herein are soluble content absorbent glass mats or AGM separators for VRLA, AGM, or VRLA AGM batteries. Such glass mats may be prepared from insoluble glass fibers blended with soluble content materials. Upon exposure to a suitable solvent, the dissolving or solvating of the soluble content produces voids within the glass mat. The voids enhance the absorption of the solvent within the glass mat. The soluble content may be acid-soluble glass fibers or microfibers. 1. A separator for a battery comprising:at least one acid insoluble fibrous component, andat least one acid soluble fibrous component, wherein said at least one acid soluble fibrous component comprises one of the group consisting of at least one metal oxide, at least one metalloid oxide, and any combination thereof.2. The separator of wherein said at least one metalloid oxide comprises one or more of the group consisting of silicon oxide claim 1 , boron oxide and any combination thereof.3. The separator of wherein said at least one metal oxide comprises one or more of the group consisting of one or more alkali metals claim 1 , one or more alkaline earth metals claim 1 , one or more transition metals claim 1 , one or more post-transition metals claim 1 , and any combination thereof.4. The separator of wherein said at least one metal oxide comprises one or more of the group consisting of aluminum oxide claim 1 , barium oxide claim 1 , calcium oxide claim 1 , magnesium oxide claim 1 , potassium oxide claim 1 , sodium oxide claim 1 , zinc oxide claim 1 , and any combination thereof.5. The separator of wherein said at least one acid soluble fibrous component is present in an amount from approximately 0.1% to approximately 20% by weight of said separator.6. The separator of wherein said at least one acid soluble fibrous component comprises equal to or less than approximately 4% by weight of the separator.7. The separator of wherein said at least one acid insoluble fibrous component is present in an ...

Fluoride ion electrochemical cell

The present invention provides electrochemical cells capable of good electronic performance, particularly high specific energies, useful discharge rate capabilities and good cycle life. Electrochemical cells of the present invention are versatile and include primary and secondary cells useful for a range of important applications including use in portable electronic devices. Electrochemical cells of the present invention also exhibit enhanced safety and stability relative to conventional state of the art primary lithium batteries and lithium ion secondary batteries. For example, electrochemical cells of the present invention include secondary electrochemical cells using anion charge carriers capable of accommodation by positive and negative electrodes comprising anion host materials, which entirely eliminate the need for metallic lithium or dissolved lithium ion in these systems.

A sodium-free complex silicon salt electrolyte for a storage battery

The present invention relates to a sodium-free complex silicon salt electrolyte for a storage battery. The electrolyte is composed of (A) 1 share of inorganic acid at a specific gravity of 1.2-1.8 and (B) 0.5-2 shares of organic silicon compound at a specific gravity of 0.7-1.2° Be', and the electrolyte may further contain (C) surfactant at a specific gravity of 1.1-1.6. The volume percent ratio of (C) to (A+B+C) is 0.5-2 %. The electrolyte according to the present invention is applicable to a conventional lead-plate storage battery or battery made of other electrode material. There is an advantage in preventing the electrolyte from polluting environment in the process of manufacturing, using and disposing the battery. The battery has a good characteristic of large current discharge and meets the need for powered storage battery. The quantity of electricity can remain for one year without the battery being charged.

Fluoride ion electrochemical cell

The present invention provides electrochemical cells capable of good electronic performance, particularly high specific energies, useful discharge rate capabilities and good cycle life. Electrochemical cells of the present invention are versatile and include primary and secondary cells useful for a range of important applications including use in portable electronic devices. Electrochemical cells of the present invention also exhibit enhanced safety and stability relative to conventional state of the art primary lithium batteries and lithium ion secondary batteries. For example, electrochemical cells of the present invention include secondary electrochemical cells using anion charge carriers capable of accommodation by positive and negative electrodes comprising anion host materials, which entirely eliminate the need for metallic lithium or dissolved lithium ion in these systems.

Fluoride ion electrochemical cell

Electrochemical cells of the present invention are versatile and include primary and secondary cells useful for a range of important applications including use in portable electronic devices. Electrochemical cells of the present invention also exhibit enhanced safety and stability relative to conventional state of the art primary lithium batteries and lithium ion secondary batteries. For example, electrochemical cells of the present invention include secondary electrochemical cells using anion charge carriers capable of accommodation by positive and negative electrodes comprising anion host materials, which entirely eliminate the need for metallic lithium or dissolved lithium ion in these systems.

密閉式鉛蓄電池

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Ionic liquids ii

An ionic liquid of the general formula: K+A- (I), in which: K+ is a cation which is: (see formula II), (see formula III), (see formula IV), (see formula V), (see formula VI), (see formula VII), (see formula VIII), (see formula IX), where R1 to R6 are identical or different, are optionally bonded directly to one another by a single or double bond and each, individually or together, have the following meaning: - H, - halogen, a C1 to C8 alkyl radical, which may be partially or fully substituted by F, Cl, N(C n F(2n+1-x)H x)2, O(C n F(2n+1-x)H x), SO2(C n F(2n+1-x)H x) or C n F(2n+1- x)H x, where 1 < n < 6 and 0 < x <= 2n+1; and A- is tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate or tris(nonafluorobutyl)trifluorophosphate.

Ionic liquids

본 발명은 전기화학 전지용 및 유기 합성용 이온성 액체에 관한 것이다.

Patent DE3922160C2

Ionic liquids ii

본 발명은 화학 전지 및 유기 합성에서 사용하기 위한 이온성 액체에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to ionic liquids for use in chemical cells and organic synthesis.

Improved separator for enhanced flooded batteries, and related methods

本发明公开了改进的隔板、电池隔板、增强型富液式电池隔板、电池、电池单元和/或制造和/或使用前述的方法；用于增强富液式电池的电池隔板；方法、系统和电池隔板，用以提高电池寿命，减少内部电阻，增加冷启动安培，和/或至少在增强富液式电池中改善均匀性；一种用于增强型富液式电池的隔板，具有性能增强添加剂或涂层、改进的填料和/或增加了脆碎度的填料，具有增加的离子扩散，减少的弯曲度，增加的润湿性，降低的油含量，减少的厚度、降低的电阻和/或增加的孔隙率，并在使用时减少水损失，降低酸分层，降低电压降，和/或增加电池的CCA；和/或隔板，包括或显示性能增强的添加剂或涂层，增加的孔隙率，增加的空隙体积，无定形二氧化硅，高吸油性二氧化硅，高硅烷醇基二氧化硅，降低的电阻抗和/或串晶结构或形态。

Lead storage battery

本公开涉及的铅蓄电池具备正极板、负极板和包含硫酸的电解液，所述正极板具有正极集电体以及填充于该正极集电体的正极材，所述负极板具有负极集电体以及填充于该负极集电体的负极材，负极集电体具有设置于该负极集电体的上部周边部的负极耳部，负极耳部具有包含Sn的表面层，电解液的质量M2相对于正极材的质量和负极材的质量的合计M1的比率(M2/M1)大于或等于0.7。

Improved device of energy accumulation

FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: according to the invention, an energy accumulation device comprises at least one negative electrode, besides, each negative electrode is separately chosen from the following: (i) an electrode containing a material of a negative battery electrode; (ii) an electrode containing a material of a capacitor electrode; (iii) a mixed electrode containing either a mixture of materials of a battery electrode and a capacitor electrode or a section of a battery electrode material and a section of a capacitor electrode or their combination, besides, the energy accumulation device comprises either at least one electrode of the (iii) type or at least one electrode of each of (i) and (ii) types, at least one positive electrode, besides, the positive electrode contains a material of a positive battery electrode and an additive increasing charging capacity, such as one additive or a mixture of a carbon nanomaterial, a carbon fibre grown from vapours, fullerene or their mixture and conducting materials based on stannum oxide. EFFECT: increased service life. 33 cl, 25 dwg, 3 tbl, 11 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 460 180 (13) C2 (51) МПК H01M 10/06 H01M 10/36 (2006.01) (2010.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2009126584/07, 12.12.2007 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 12.12.2007 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 20.01.2011 Бюл. № 2 (73) Патентообладатель(и): КОММОНВЕЛТ САЙЕНТИФИК ЭНД ИНДАСТРИАЛ РИСЕРЧ ОРГАНИЗЕЙШН (AU), ДЗЕ ФУРУКАВА БЭТТЕРИ КО., ЛТД. (JP) 2 4 6 0 1 8 0 (45) Опубликовано: 27.08.2012 Бюл. № 24 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 2006/0269801 A1, 30.11.2006. WO 20050272255 A1, 24.03.2005. JP 2006252902 A, 21.09.2006. RU 2110130 C1, 27.04.1998. 2 4 6 0 1 8 0 R U (86) Заявка PCT: AU 2007/001916 (12.12.2007) C 2 C 2 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 13.07.2009 (87) Публикация заявки РСТ: WO 2008/070914 ( ...

A liquid low-sodium silicate electrolyte used for a storage battery and manufactured by magnetization process, and the usage thereof

The present invention is related to a liquid low concentration sodium-containing silicate solution as electrolyte for lead-acid storage batteries and its applications. Such an electrolyte is prepared by mixing a silica gel containing 40-60 wt% SiO 2 , the weight units of such a silica gel are 5-15; add 15-25 weight units water and stir until the concentration of the mixture is 0.65-0.85 Bé measured by a Baume densimeter, adjusting the pH value of this mixture to 1-4 using inorganic acid and magnetizing the mixture under 1000-6000 Gauss magnetic field for 5-10 minutes, stir the magnetized mixture until the viscosity of the mixture is less than 0.02 poise and finally obtain a liquid low concentration sodium-containing silicate solution. It can be used as electrolyte or activation solution for common or special lead-acid storage batteries. The lead-acid storage batteries using above electrolyte showed increased specific energy density up to more than 53 W/Kg. The cycle life is increased from 350 cycles for common lead-acid storage batteries to 400 cycles and even more than 1000 cycles for present batteries. Present batteries can be operated properly in a wide temperature range from -50°C -+60°C.

A liquid low-sodium silicate electrolyte used for a storage battery and manufactured by magnetization process, and the usage thereof

The invention relates to a liquid low-sodium silicate electrolyte used for a storage battery and manufactured by magnetization process, and the usage thereof. The process includes the steps of adding 5-15 parts by weight of silica sol containing 40-60wt% SiO2 into 15-25 parts by weight of water while agitating to obtain a mixture, the concentration of which is measured by Baume densimeter to be 0.65-0.85% Be', then adding an inorganic acid into the mixture until the PH being 1-4, and placing the mixture into magnetic field having 1000-6000 gauss for 5-10 minutes, then taking it out of the magnetic field and agitating it until its viscosity measured by a rotary viscometer being less than 0.02mPas, and thus obtaining the liquid low-sodium silicate electrolyte. The electrolyte is used as a electrolyte or a forming solution in an ordinary battery or a special battery. A storage battery prepared by the electrolyte has a specific energy of 53W/kg or more and the service life of the storage battery increases from 350 to 400 times or more. The storage battery has resistance to low and high temperature and operates normally at the temperature of -50°C∩+60°C.

Lead-acid battery

公开了一种铅酸电池。铅酸蓄电池具有带盖容器，所述容器包括一个或多个隔室。在所述一个或多个隔室中设置有一个或多个电芯元件。所述一个或多个电芯元件包括正极板，所述正极板具有正极板栅以及在所述正极板栅上的正极电化学活性材料；负极板，所述负极板具有负极板栅以及在所述负极板栅上的负极电化学活性材料，其中所述负极电化学活性材料包含硫酸钡和有机膨胀剂；以及在所述正极板与所述负极板之间的隔膜。所述容器内提供有电解质。一个或多个端子柱从所述盖延伸并且电联接至所述一个或多个电芯元件。

Lead-acid storage battery electrolyte and preparation method thereof

本发明属于铅酸蓄电池技术领域，具体涉及一种铅酸蓄电池电解液及其配制方法。所述电解液包括电解液母液和添加剂，其中，所述的电解液母液由如下重量份数的原料制成：硫酸45‑50份；纳米气相二氧化硅10‑15份；硫酸钾3‑4份；硫酸镁3‑4份；硫酸亚锡0.3‑0.5份；硫酸锂6‑8份；硫酸铈0.01‑0.05份；去离子水80‑100份；所述的添加剂由如下重量份数的原料制成：羟乙基纤维素2‑3份；羧甲基壳聚糖0.1‑0.5份；二氧化硅晶须0.1‑0.5份；所述的添加剂的用量为电解液母液质量的8‑12％。本发明的铅酸蓄电池电解液能够将蓄电池的循环寿命提高至620次以上；所述的配制方法，科学合理、简单易行。

Lead-zinc battery

A rechargeable battery is provided such that the positive electrode comprises lead dioxide, the negative electrode zinc, and the electrolyte is alkaline. Upon discharge, the lead dioxide is reduced to lead oxide, the zinc is oxidized to zinc oxide, and the electrolyte remains unchanged. The reactions are reversed when the battery is charged.

Improved energy storage device

본 발명은 - 각각이 개별적으로 (i) 음극 배터리 전극 재료를 포함하는 전극; (ii) 커패시터 전극 재료를 포함하는 전극; (iii) 배터리 및 커패시터 전극 재료의 혼합물 또는 배터리 전극 재료 영역 및 커패시터 전극 재료 영역, 또는 이의 조합 을 포함하는 혼합 전극 에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 음극, 및 - 양극 배터리 전극 재료 및 충전능 증가용 첨가제, 예컨대 (a) 탄소 나노재료, 기상성장 탄소 섬유, 풀러렌, 또는 이의 혼합물, 및 (b) 이산화주석 전도성 재료 중 하나 또는 혼합물을 포함하는 하나 이상의 양극 을 포함하는 에너지 저장 장치로서, 하나 이상의 (iii)형 전극을 포함하거나, 또는 하나 이상의 각 (i)형 및 (ii)형 전극을 포함하는 에너지 저장 장치에 관한 것이다.

Lead-acid battery

Lead storage battery and method of manufacturing the same

Nanoparticle compositions and methods for enhancing lead-acid batteries

This disclosure relates to compositions and methods for improving the performance of lead-acid batteries, including reviving or rejuvenating a partially or totally dead battery, by adding an amount of nonionic, ground state metal nanoparticles to the electrolyte of the battery, and optionally recharging the battery by applying a voltage. The metal nanoparticles may be gold and coral-shaped, and are added to provide a concentration within the electrolyte of 100 ppb to 2 ppm.

Lead-acid battery and automobile equipped with the same

正極と負極と電解液とセパレータとを備え、正極が、正極活物質を含む正極材を有し、負極が、負極活物質を含む負極材を有し、電解液が、カリウムイオン、アルミニウムイオン、セシウムイオン及びリン酸イオンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む、鉛蓄電池。 A positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolytic solution, and a separator, the positive electrode has a positive electrode material containing a positive electrode active material, the negative electrode has a negative electrode material containing a negative electrode active material, and the electrolytic solution contains potassium ions, aluminum ions, A lead acid battery comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of cesium ions and phosphate ions.

Lead battery

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Secondary batteries comprising eutectic mixture and preparation method thereof

본 발명은 양극; 음극; 분리막; 및 전해질을 포함하는 이차 전지에 있어서, 상기 전해질은 (a) 공융혼합물 (eutectic mixture); 및 (b) 상기 공융혼합물의 전위창(electrochemical window)의 하한치 보다 높은 리튬 전위(Li/Li + )에서 환원되는 제1화합물을 포함하는 것이 특징인 이차 전지를 제공한다. The present invention is an anode; cathode; Separator; And an electrolyte comprising: (a) an eutectic mixture; And (b) a first compound which is reduced at a lithium potential (Li / Li + ) higher than a lower limit of an electrochemical window of the eutectic mixture. 본 발명에서는 공융혼합물 및 상기 공융혼합물 보다 초기 충전시 먼저 환원되어 SEI 막을 형성하는 전해질 첨가제를 전해질의 성분으로 병용(竝用)함으로써, 공융혼합물(eutectic mixture)을 전지용 전해질로 사용시 발생되는 공융혼합물의 분해 및 이로 인한 전지의 성능 저하를 해결할 수 있다. In the present invention, by using a eutectic mixture and an electrolyte additive which is reduced before the eutectic mixture at the initial charge to form an SEI film as a component of the electrolyte, the eutectic mixture is produced when the eutectic mixture is used as a battery electrolyte. Decomposition and the resulting degradation of the battery can be solved. 리튬 이차 전지, 전해질, 공융혼합물, 아미드기 함유 화합물, 환원 전위 Lithium secondary battery, electrolyte, eutectic mixture, amide group-containing compound, reduction potential

Ionic liquids II

An ionic liquid of the formula K + A − wherein K + and A − are as defined herein, are suitable for use in electrochemical cells and capacitors. These ionic liquids can also be used in catalysis, as inert solvents, and as hydraulic liquids.

Low-sodium-content silicate solution prepared by magnetization technology to function as electrolyte for lead-acid storage batteries and use of such electrolyte

FIELD: electrical engineering; liquid silicate electrolyte and its use for storage batteries. SUBSTANCE: proposed electrolyte preparation process includes addition of silicic acid sol in the amount of 5 - 15 parts by weight containing silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) in the amount of 40 - 60 mass percent to water taken in the amount of 15 - 20 parts by weigh while stirring mixture until its concentration, as measured by Baume hydrometer, ranges between 0.65 and 0.85 Baume degrees; addition of inorganic acid to mixture obtained in the process until its pH ranges between 1 and 4; placement of mixture obtained into magnetic field whose flux density ranges between 0.1 and 0.6 T (between 1000 and 6000 G) for 5 to 10 minutes; and stirring of magnetized mixture upon its withdrawal from magnetic field until its dynamic viscosity becomes lower than 0.02 mP-s to obtain low-sodium-content liquid electrolyte. Storage battery using proposed electrolyte is characterized in specific power capacity of 53 W and higher, its service life is increased from 350 to 400 or more charge-discharge cycles; such battery will operate normally at low and high temperatures, its operating temperature range being between -50 and +60 °C. EFFECT: enhanced capacity and service life, enlarged operating temperature range of battery using proposed electrolyte. 7 cl, 2 dwg, 2 ex ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß (19) RU (51) ÌÏÊ 7 (11) 2 258 981 (13) C1 H 01 M 10/10 ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈß Ê ÏÀÒÅÍÒÓ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2003136271/09, 09.08.2001 (72) Àâòîð(û): ÔÝÍ Þýøýí (CN), ÕÀÍ Ä íü (CN), ÔÝÍ Èôåí (CN) (24) Äàòà íà÷àëà äåéñòâè ïàòåíòà: 09.08.2001 (30) Ïðèîðèòåò: 12.06.2001 CN 01129341.1 2 2 5 8 9 8 1 (56) Ñïèñîê äîêóìåíòîâ, öèòèðîâàííûõ â îò÷åòå î ïîèñêå: SU 503564 À, 15.02.1976. SU 171460 À, 26.05.1965. SU 68117 A, 31.04.1947. RU 2143768 C1, 27.12.1999. US 5202196 À, 13.04.1993. CN 1167345 À, 10.12.1997. (85) Äàòà ïåðåâîäà çà âêè PCT íà ...

Additive using in electrolyte of lead accumulator, preparation method, electrolyte and lead accumulator

本发明属于一种铅蓄电池技术领域，具体是涉及到一种铅蓄电池电解液添加剂、制备方法及铅蓄电池，所述铅蓄电池电解液添加剂包括如下重量百分比含量组分：磷酸31-34%、水62-65%、磷酸钠0.2-0.4%、纳米二氧化硅0.4-0.7%、聚乙二醇1-3%、聚四氟乙烯0.1-0.3%和磷酸亚锡0.2-0.4%；本发明的铅蓄电池相比普通铅蓄电池，在-10℃低温0.1C放电，放电容量提高20％～30％；在-10℃低温1C放电，放电容量提高了8-11％。

Gas recoupling type lead battery

Non-aqueous electrochemical apparatus and electrolyte thereof

살리실 알코올 혹은 살리실알데히드 등의 살리실 유도체 혹은 살리실리덴 유도체를 비수(非水) 전해액에 가하여 용매의 분해에 의해 생기는 가스의 방출을 방지한다. Salicylic derivatives such as salicylic alcohol or salicyaldehyde or salicylidene derivatives are added to the nonaqueous electrolyte to prevent the release of gases caused by decomposition of the solvent.

Lead acid battery

Improved separator, battery, and related method for enhanced flooded battery

【課題】少なくとも強化型液式電池において、電池寿命を延長し、内部電気抵抗を低減し、ＣＣＡを増大し、及び／又は均一性を改善するための方法、システム、及び電池セパレータを提供する。【解決手段】ポリオレフィン微孔性膜を含む鉛蓄電池のためのセパレータであって、前記ポリオレフィン微孔性膜は、好ましくは超高分子量ポリエチレンであるポリエチレンと、粒子状充填剤と、処理可塑剤と、を含み、前記粒子状充填剤は重量で４０％以上の量で存在し、前記ポリエチレンは、複数の伸び切り鎖結晶（シシ形成）及び複数の折り畳み鎖結晶（ケバブ形成）を含むシシケバブ形成のポリマーを含み、前記ケバブ形成の平均繰り返し又は周期は１ｎｍから１５０ｎｍであり、好ましくは１２０ｎｍ未満である、セパレータを提供する。【選択図】なし

TRANSPARENT GEL-POLYMER ELECTROLYTES OF INCREASED CONDUCTIVITY BASED ON TRIAZINE COPOLYMERS

РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2019 134 226 A (51) МПК C08F 259/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2019134226, 25.10.2019 (71) Заявитель(и): Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Комберри" (RU) Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 25.10.2019 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 26.04.2021 Бюл. № 12 (72) Автор(ы): Мещеряков Владимир Игоревич (RU) Стр.: 1 A 2 0 1 9 1 3 4 2 2 6 R U A (57) Формула изобретения 1. Способ получения гель-полимерных электролитов с протонной проводимостью, включающий в себя следующие действия: проводят реакцию сополимеризации меламина и формальдегида или меламина и глиоксаля с одним или несколькими полиолами; добавляют концентрированную кислоту с образованием оптически прозрачного гель-полимера. 2. Способ по п. 1, в котором полиол представляет собой одно или несколько веществ из следующей группы: глицерин, этиленгликоль, пропиленгликоль, полиэтиленгликоль, полипропиленгликоль, полиэтиленоксид, поливиниловый спирт. 3. Способ по п. 1, в котором кислота представляет собой органическую кислоту. 4. Способ по п. 1, в котором кислота представляет собой неорганическую кислоту. 5. Способ получения гель-полимерных электролитов с протонной проводимостью, включающий в себя следующие действия: проводят реакцию сополимеризации меламина или формальдегида с одним или несколькими моносахаридами, дисахаридами или полисахаридами; добавляют концентрированную кислоту с образованием оптически прозрачного гель-полимера. 6. Способ по п. 5, в котором полисахарид представляет собой одно или несколько веществ из следующей группы: крахмал и его производные, целлюлоза и ее производные. 7. Способ по п. 6, в котором производные крахмала и/или производные целлюлозы представляют собой карбоксилатные соединения. 8. Способ по п. 6, в котором производные целлюлозы представляют собой эфиры. 9. Способ по п. 5, в котором кислота представляет собой органическую кислоту. 10. Способ по п. 5, в котором ...