ПОТРЕБЛЯЮЩИЙ КИСЛОРОД ЭЛЕКТРОД, СПОСОБ ЕГО ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

... 1. Потребляющий кислород электрод, содержащий, по меньшей мере, один коллектор электрического тока и газодиффузионный слой с каталитически активным компонентом, отличающийся тем, что газодиффузионный слой выполнен в виде пористой пленки из фторированных полимеров, в частности в виде пористой политетрафторэтиленовой (ПТФЭ) пленки, в которую в качестве каталитически активного компонента введены мелкодисперсные частицы катализатора со средним диаметром в пределах от 0,05 мкм до 5 мкм и средней длиной в пределах от 10 мкм до 700 мкм каталитического металла, и которые соединены электропроводно с коллектором электрического тока.2. Потребляющий кислород электрод по п.1, отличающийся тем, что катализатор содержит в качестве каталитически активного компонента серебро.3. Потребляющий кислород электрод по п.1, отличающийся тем, что частицы катализатора имеют средний диаметр в пределах от 0,1 мкм до 5 мкм и среднюю длину в пределах от 10 мкм до 700 мкм.4. Потребляющий кислород электрод по п.1, отличающийся ...

Mit Metal beschichtetes poröses Fluorharz

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Brennstoffzellenelektrode

An seiner Oberfläche mit metallischen Nanopartikeln versehenes ultrahydrophobes Substrat, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und Verwendung desselben

Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines an seiner Oberfläche mit metallischen Nanopartikeln versehenen ultrahydrophoben Substrats umfasst, dass ein ultrahydrophobes Substrat bereitgestellt wird, eine Precursorschicht auf besagtem Substrat aufgebracht wird und metallische Nanopartikel aus der Precursorschicht auf dem Substrat abgeschieden werden. Die Precursorschicht ist bevorzugt von elektronisch leitenden Partikeln frei und die Teilchen werden bevorzugt elektrochemisch aus der Precursorschicht abgeschieden. Ein nach diesem Verfahren herstellbares Substrat eignet sich insbesondere zur Verwendung in einer Brennstoffzelle.

FUEL-CELL ELECTRODE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE FUEL-CELL ELECTRODE

... ▓▓▓ A fuel-cell electrode and a method of manufacturing the fuel-cell electrode▓achieves a high catalyst utilization ratio and makes it possible to obtain ▓higher output▓characteristics with a smaller amount of catalyst. The fuel-cell electrode ▓includes a▓catalytic layer composed of an ion conductive substance, an electron ▓conductive▓substance and catalytic activation substances. The catalytic activation ▓substances are▓electrolytically deposited on the electron conductive substance.▓ ...

METAL / METAL CHALCOGENIDE ELECTRODE WITH HIGH SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA

La présente invention concerne une électrode comprenant un support électro-conducteur dont au moins une partie de la surface est recouverte par un dépôt métallique de cuivre, la surface dudit dépôt étant sous une forme oxydée, sulfurée, sélénée et/ou tellurée et le dépôt ayant une surface spécifique supérieure à 1 m2 /g; un procédé de préparation d'une telle électrode; un dispositif électrochimique comprenant une telle électrode; et un procédé d'oxydation de l'eau en dioxygène impliquant une telle électrode.

METAL-HYDROGEN BATTERIES FOR LARGE-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE

A metal-hydrogen battery includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The second electrode includes a bi-functional catalyst to catalyze both hydrogen evolution reaction and hydrogen oxidation reaction at the second electrode.

SYSTEM FOR ROLL-TO-ROLL ELECTROCOATING OF BATTERY ELECTRODE COATINGS ONTO A FOIL SUBSTRATE

The present invention is directed toward a coating system for electrodepositing a battery electrode coating onto a foil substrate, the system comprising a tank structured and arranged to hold an electrodepositable coating composition; a feed roller positioned outside of the tank structured and arranged to feed the foil into the tank; at least one counter electrode positioned inside the tank, the counter electrode in electrical communication with the foil during operation of the system to thereby deposit the battery electrode coating onto the foil; and an in-line foil drier positioned outside the tank structured and arranged to receive the coated foil from the tank. Also disclosed are methods for electrocoating battery electrode coatings onto conductive foil substrates, coated foil substrates, and electrical storage devices comprising the coated foil substrates.

METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF AN ELECTRODE FOR A FUEL CELL

A method of manufacture of an electrode for a fuel cell, the method comprising at least the steps of: (a) providing an electrode substrate; (b) contacting at least a part of the electrode substrate with an electroless plating solution comprising a reducing agent, a metal precursor and a suspension of particulate material; and (c) electrolessly plating the metal from the metal precursor onto the contacted part of the electrode substrate, thereby co-depositing the particulate material on the contacted part of the electrode substrate to provide the electrode.

CATHODES FOR MICROBIAL ELECTROLYSIS CELLS AND MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS

An apparatus is provided according to embodiments of the present invention which includes a reaction chamber having a wall defining an interior of the reaction chamber and an exterior of the reaction chamber; exoelectrogenic bacteria disposed in the interior of the reaction chamber; an aqueous medium having a pH in the range of 3 - 9, inclusive, the aqueous medium including an organic substrate oxidizable by exoelectrogenic bacteria and the medium disposed in the interior of the reaction chamber. An inventive apparatus further includes an anode at least partially contained within the interior of the reaction chamber; and a brush or mesh cathode including stainless steel, nickel or titanium, the cathode at least partially contained within the interior of the reaction chamber.

ORGANIC FUEL CELL, AND METHODS OF OPERATION THEREOF AND MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRODE THEREFOR

A liquid organic fuel cell (10) is provided which employs a solid electrolyte membrane (18). An organic fuel, such as methanol/water mixture, is circulated past an anode (14) of the cell while oxygen or air is circulated past a cathode (16). The cell electrolyte membrane is preferably made of NafionTM. Also, a method for improving the performance of carbon electrode structures is provided, wherein a high-surface-area carbon particle/TeflonTM binder structure is immersed within a NafionTM/methanol bath to impregnate the electron with NafionTM. A method of fabricating an anode for this fuel cell is described, wherein metal alloys are deposited onto the electrode from a solution containing perfluorooctanesulfonic acid. A fuel additive containing this acid, and new organic fuels are also described.

Procédé de préparation d'électrodes minces pour piles à combustible

Verfahren zum Imprägnieren elektrisch leitender, poröser Trägergerüste, insbesondere von Sinterelektroden

Nano fiber electrode and its preparation method

Combustible battery

A novel electrode platinized metal and its manufacture

electrodes and their manufactoring process

METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF AN ELECTRODE FOR A FUEL CELL

안정한 촉매 잉크 제형, 섬유 형성에서의 상기 잉크 사용 방법 및 상기 섬유를 포함하는 물품

... 본 발명은 할로겐-포함 중합체로부터 선택되는 전기방사 중합체를 포함하는 안정한 촉매 잉크 제형에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은 또한 상기 잉크 제형의 전기 방사에 관한 것이고, 이에 따라 수득된 전기방사 섬유 매트와 더불어 상기 전기방사 섬유 매트를 포함하는 물품에 관한 것이다.

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING METAL NANO-PARTICLE CATALYST-LOADED CARBON BLACK SHEET ELECTRODE FOR POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL BY USING ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION, METAL NANO-PARTICLE CATALYST-LOADED CARBON BLACK SHEET ELECTRODE, AND MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY PREPARED BY USING NANO-PARTICLE CATALYST-LOADED CARBON BLACK SHEET ELECTRODE

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a metal nano-particle catalyst-loaded carbon black sheet electrode for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and more particularly to a method for manufacturing a metal nano-particle catalyst-loaded carbon black sheet electrode for a PEMFC by using electrophoretic deposition, which is capable of maximizing catalytic activity of a nano-particle catalyst-loaded carbon black sheet electrode. The method comprises the steps of: manufacturing a metal nano-particle catalyst-loaded carbon black sheet by forming a carbon black layer on a carbon paper and then forming a metal nano-particle thin-film layer through deposition of a colloidal metal nano-particle suspended electrolyte on the carbon black layer using an electrophoretic phenomenon by means of a pulse plating method; and coating the carbon paper with carbon black slurry so that a weight of carbon black in the carbon black layer becomes 3-5 mg/cm^2. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2016 ...

코어-쉘 촉매를 가공하는 방법 및 시스템

... 한 실시양태에 따르면, 촉매용 물질을 가공하는 방법은 다공성 전극 상에 전위를 수립하는 것을 포함한다. 코어 입자는 다공성 전극을 통과한다. 입자가 다공성 전극을 통과함에 따라 금속의 층이 코어 입자 상에 침착된다. 한 실시양태에 따르면, 촉매용 물질을 가공하기 위한 예시적인 어셈블리는 입자가 하우징을 통해 이동하기 위한 경로를 수립하는 하우징을 포함한다. 다공성 전극은 하우징 내에 위치하여 코어 입자가 다공성 전극을 통해 이동하는 것을 허용한다. 금속의 층은 입자가 다공성 전극을 통과함에 따라 코어 입자 상에 침착될 수 있다.

a fuel cell electrode and a fuel cell using the same

NANOWIRE-BASED MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLIES FOR FUEL CELLS

The present invention disclosed nanowires for use in a fuel cell comprising a metal catalyst deposited on a surface of the nanowires. A membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell is disclosed which generally comprises a proton exchange membrane, an anode electrode, and a cathode electrode, wherein at least one or more of the anode electrode and cathode electrode comprise an interconnected network of the catalyst supported nanowires. Methods are also disclosed for preparing a membrane electrode assembly and fuel cell based upon an interconnected network of nanowires.

PLATINUM LOADED SUBSTRATE FOR A FUEL CELL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

A method of depositing platinum onto a support is disclosed. This method is based on a combination of two processes: electrochemical and electroless deposition, using a chemical bath containing a platinum source and agents that trigger nucleation and buffer the solution. This method is capable of producing a catalyst having a gravimetric current density of at least approximately 0.8 mA/cm2 per ?g of platinum per cm2 at cell voltage of 0.9V/RHE for oxygen reduction reaction.

CATHODES FOR MICROBIAL ELECTROLYSIS CELLS AND MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS

An apparatus is provided according to embodiments of the present invention which includes a reaction chamber having a wall defining an interior of the reaction chamber and an exterior of the reaction chamber; exoelectrogenic bacteria disposed in the interior of the reaction chamber; an aqueous medium having a pH in the range of 3 - 9, inclusive, the aqueous medium including an organic substrate oxidizable by exoelectrogenic bacteria and the medium disposed in the interior of the reaction chamber. An inventive apparatus further includes an anode at least partially contained within the interior of the reaction chamber; and a brush or mesh cathode including stainless steel, nickel or titanium, the cathode at least partially contained within the interior of the reaction chamber.

Organic fuel cell methods and apparatus

A liquid organic, fuel cell is provided which employs a solid electrolyte membrane. An organic fuel, such as a methanol/water mixture, is circulated past an anode of a cell while oxygen or air is circulated past a cathode of the cell. The cell solid electrolyte membrane is preferably fabricated from Nafion™. Additionally, a method for improving the performance of carbon electrode structures for use in organic fuel cells is provided wherein a high surface-area carbon particle/Teflon™-binder structure is immersed within a Nafion™/methanol bath to impregnate the electrode with Nafion™. A method for fabricating an anode for use in a organic fuel cell is described wherein metal alloys are deposited onto the electrode in an electro-deposition solution containing perfluorooctanesulfonic acid. A fuel additive containing perfluorooctanesulfonic acid for use with fuel cells employing a sulfuric acid electrolyte is also disclosed. New organic fuels, namely, trimethoxymethane, dimethoxymethane, and ...

Method for forming molten carbonate fuel cell component and structure

A molten carbonate fuel cell with oppositely charged porous electrodes and a continuous electrolyte layer therebetween formed of a porous non-electrically conducting binder containing a carbonate salt. The electrolyte layer is formed by suspending the porous binder powder in a dielectric liquid vehicle and contacting it with one of the fuel cell electrodes. An electric field is applied between the electrode and a spaced counter-electrode in the suspension to cause electrophoretic deposition of the powder in a dense binder layer, adhered to and supported by the electrode. The binder layer-one electrode is assembled into a molten carbonate fuel cell, such as by affixing the binder layer side to an oppositely charged electrode plate, and incorporating the combination into a fuel cell.

Process for growing metal particles by electroplating with in situ inhibition

A process for manufacturing a catalytic, electrically conductive electrode based on metal particles, comprises: a step of electroplating with a metal salt to form the said metal particles at the surface of an electrode, characterized in that the step of electroplating of the metal salt is performed in the presence of a blocking chemical species with a high power of absorption onto the surface of the said metal particles and with an oxidation potential higher than the reduction potential of the said metal salt such that the blocking chemical species conserves its blocking power during the reduction reaction of the said metal salt, and so as to reduce the size of the metal particles formed, constituting the said catalytic, electrically conductive electrode; and, a step of desorption of the blocking chemical species.

Organic fuel cell with air circulator

A liquid organic fuel cell is provided which employs a solid electrolyte membrane. An organic fuel, such as a methanol/water mixture, is circulated past an anode of a cell while oxygen or air is circulated past a cathode of the cell. The cell solid electrolyte membrane is preferably fabricated from Nafion™. Additionally, a method for improving the performance of carbon electrode structures for use in organic fuel cells is provided wherein a high surface-area carbon particle/Teflon™-binder structure is immersed within a Nafion™/methanol bath to impregnate the electrode with Nafion™. A method for fabricating an anode for use in a organic fuel cell is described wherein metal alloys are deposited onto the electrode in an electrodeposition solution containing perfluorooctanesulfonic acid. A fuel additive containing perfluorooctanesulfonic acid for use with fuel cells employing a sulfuric acid electrolyte is also disclosed. New organic fuels, namely, trimethoxymethane, dimethoxymethane, and trioxane ...

Method for the manufacturing of an anode for fuel cell

ION EXCHANGE SYSTEM STRUCTURE WITH A MICROTEXTURED SURFACE, METHOD OF MANUFACTURE, AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF

Fuel cells

A liquid electrolyte fuel cell comprises means to define an electrolyte chamber, and electrodes on opposite sides of the electrolyte chamber. The electrode comprises an electrically conductive sheet (10) through which are defined a multiplicity of through-pores or holes (14). These may be formed by laser drilling through the sheet. The electrode would normally also include a layer (16) of catalytic material. The margin (15) of the sheet is not perforated or porous, to simplify sealing.

METHOD OF PRODUCING AUSTENITIC IRON/CARBON/MANGANESE STEEL SHEETS HAVING A HIGH STRENGTH AND EXCELLENT TOUGHNESS AND BEING SUITABLE FOR COLD FORMING, AND SHEETS THUS PRODUCED

L'invention concerne une tôle laminée à chaud en acier austénitique fer- carbone-manganèse dont la résistance est supérieure à 900 MPa, dont le produit : résistance (MPa) x allongement à rupture (%), est supérieur à 45000, dont la composition chimique comprend, les teneurs étant exprimées en poids : 0,5 % <= C <= 0,7 %, 17 % <= Mn <= 24 %, Si <= 3 %, AI <= 0,050 %, S <= 0,030 %, P <= 0,080 %, N <= 0,1 %, et à titre optionnel, un ou plusieurs éléments tels que Cr <= 1 %, Mo <= 0,40 %, Ni <= 1 %, Ti <= 0,50 %, Nb <= 0,50 %, V <= 0,50 %, Cu <= 5 %, Cu <= 5 %, le reste de la composition étant constitué de fer et d'impuretés résultant de l'élaboration, la fraction recristallisée de l'acier étant supérieure à 75 % et la fraction surfacique de carbures précipités de l'acier inférieure à 1,5 %, la taille moyenne de grain de l'acier étant inférieure à 18 microns.

ALKALINE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS AND APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR SUPPLYING WATER THERETO

A device to produce electricity by a chemical reaction without the addition of liquid electrolyte comprises an anode electrode, a polymer membrane electrolyte fabricated to conduct hydroxyl (OH-) ions, the membrane being in physical contact with the anode electrode on a first side of the membrane, and a cathode electrode in physical contact with a second side of the membrane. The anode electrode and cathode electrode contain catalysts, and the catalysts are constructed substantially entirely from non-precious metal catalysts. Water may be transferred to the cathode side of the membrane from an external source of water.

Production of nano-organized electrodes on porous substrate

The invention relates to a method for fabricating nanowires and a method for fabricating an electrode of an electrochemical device. The nanowire fabrication method according to the invention comprises: a) a step of depositing, on one of the faces of the matrix comprising hole openings, at least one porous layer, having a porosity equal to or higher than 26% by volume, of nanoparticles of a conductive material having their smallest dimension at least equal to the diameter of the holes in the matrix, the nanoparticles being in electrical contact with one another, b) growing the nanowires in the holes of the matrix, and c) removing the matrix. The invention has an application in the field of electrochemical devices in particular.

Nanowire-based membrane electrode assemblies for fuel cells

The present invention disclosed nanowires for use in a fuel cell comprising a metal catalyst deposited on a surface of the nanowires. A membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell is disclosed which generally comprises a proton exchange membrane, an anode electrode, and a cathode electrode, wherein at least one or more of the anode electrode and cathode electrode comprise an interconnected network of the catalyst supported nanowires. Methods are also disclosed for preparing a membrane electrode assembly and fuel cell based upon an interconnected network of nanowires.

Porous media and method of making the media

gas diffusion electrode, with oriented porosity and method for obtaining same

NANOWIRE-BASED MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLIES FOR FUEL CELLS

SOFC cathodes using electrochemical technique and its manufacturing method

METHOD FOR THE ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION OF CATALYST PARTICLES ONTO CARBON FIBRE- CONTAINING SUBSTRATES AND APPARATUS THEREFOR

The present invention describes a method and an apparatus for the electrochemical deposition of fine catalyst particles onto carbon fibre-containing substrates which have a compensating layer ("microlayer"). The method comprises the preparation of a precursor suspension containing ionomer, carbon black and metal ions. This suspension is applied to the substrate and then dried. The deposition of the catalyst particles onto the carbon fibre-containing substrate is effected by a pulsed electrochemical method in an aqueous electrolyte. The noble metal-containing catalyst particles produced by the method have particle sizes in the nanometer range. The catalyst-coated substrates are used for the production of electrodes, gas diffusion electrodes and membrane electrode units for electrochemical devices, such as fuel cells (membrane fuel cells, PEMFC, DMFC, etc.), electrolysers or electrochemical sensors.

ELECTRODEPOSITION OF CATALYTIC METALS USING PULSED ELECTRIC FIELDS

L'invention se rapporte à une électrode (200) à diffusion gazeuse pour pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons, que l'on fabrique par électrodéposition d'un métal catalytique sous forme nanocristalline sur un substrat (202) en mettant en contact un substrat (202) électriquement conducteur et une contre-électrode (216) avec un bain (214) galvanoplastique contenant des ions d'un métal devant être déposé sur le substrat (202) et en faisant passer un courant électrique pulsé entre le substrat et la contre-électrode (216), les impulsions dudit courant étant cathodiques par rapport au substrat (202) et ayant un court temps d'activité et/ou un court cycle de travail avec une fréquence comprise entre 10 hertz environ et 5000 hertz environ. Dans une réalisation préférée, le courant électrique est un courant électrique d'inversion modulé présentant des impulsions qui sont cathodiques par rapport au substrat (202) et des impulsions qui sont anodiques par rapport au substrat (202), les ...

ORGANIC FUEL CELLS AND FUEL CELL CONDUCTING SHEETS

A passive direct organic fuel cell includes an organic fuel solution and is operative to produce at least 15 mW/CM2 when operating at room temperature. In additional aspects of the invention, fuel cells can include a gas remover configured to promote circulation of an organic fuel solution when gas passes through the solution, a modified carbon cloth, one or more sealants, and a replaceable fuel cartridge.

Method of producing austenitic iron/carbon/manganese steel sheets having a high strength and excellent toughness and being suitable for cold forming, and sheets thus produced

A hot-rolled austenitic iron/carbon/manganese steel sheet is provided. The strength of which is greater than 900 MPa, the product (strength (in MPa)×elongation at fracture (in %)) of which is greater than 45000 and the chemical composition of which includes, the contents being expressed by weight 0.5%≦C≦0.7%, 17%≦Mn≦24%, Si≦3%, Al≦0.050%, S≦0.030%, P≦0.080% and N≦0.1%. A remainder of the composition includes iron and inevitable impurities resulting from the smelting. A recrystallized fraction of the structure of the steel is greater than 75%, a surface fraction of precipitated carbides of the steel is less than 1.5% and a mean grain size of the steel is less than 18 microns. A reinforcing element is also provided.

PRODUCTION OF NANO-ORGANIZED ELECTRODES ON POROUS SUBSTRATE

Electrode partic. for methanol-air fuel cells - comprises porous electrically conductive polymeric support with deposited electrochemically active heavy metal

... (I) Electrode (I) comprises porous, electrically conductive polymeric support with electrochemically active heavy metal (II) deposited therein, obtainable by anodically coating electrochemically a support of C fibre fabric or C fibre woven material with conductive polymer using electrolyte contg. the dissolved conductive polymer, wherein, (a) electrolyte contains (II) as complex ions or (II) is subsequently introduced introduced into deposited polymer from the electrolyte (b) to form zero-valent metal within structure of conductive polymer, the complex ions are reduced chemically or, by pole-reversal of current direction, electro-chemically such that (II) occurs in the conductive polymer in unclustered form. (2) Fuel cell contains one or more (I) having as anode polymer structure contg. as (II) Pt(o), Pd(o), Ru(o), Ir(o) or Sn(o) and as cathode the polymer structure contg. Ag(o), Pd(o), or Co(o), deposited simultaneously or consecutively. USE/ADVANTAGE - Partic. for installation in fuel ...

Electrodes and methods of making same

A surface region of a body of titanium or a titanium -base alloy of similar anodic polarization properties is coated with a fine scale mixture of a relatively insoluble metal and a more easily soluble metal and the latter is subsequently dissolved out thus forming an electrode having a large surface area. As described the insoluble metal is one of the Group VIII platinum group metals or an alloy consisting of such metals and the soluble metal is copper, silver, nickel or tin. The fine scale mixture may be formed by successively electro-plating with the insoluble and soluble metals and heating to cause them to interdiffuse e.g. by plating titanium with platinum from an alkaline bath containing sodium hexahydroxy platinate, optionally heating, e.g. at 780 DEG C., to bond the plating to the base, then electro-plating with copper and heating to 400 to 800 DEG C. The soluble metal e.g. copper may then be removed by chemical etching in nitric acid or anodic etching in sulphuric acid. The resulting ...

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN ELECTRODE FOR A GAS CELL

HYDROGEN EVOLUTION REACTION CATALYST

The invention relates to a catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and methods for using the catalyst in a water-splitting process. The invention also provides a composition, a material and an electrode comprising the catalyst. In particular, the invention relates to a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst comprising a catalytic metal species comprising an active catalyst species and a vanadium species; wherein the catalytic metal species and the vanadium species are interspersed within the HER catalyst.

METHOD FOR THE ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION OF CATALYST PARTICLES ONTO CARBON FIBRE-CONTAINING SUBSTRATES AND APPARATUS THEREFOR

The present invention describes a method and an apparatus for the electrochemical deposition of fine catalyst particles onto carbon fibre-containing substrates which have a compensating layer ("microlayer"). The method comprises the preparation of a precursor suspension containing ionomer, carbon black and metal ions. This suspension is applied to the substrate and then dried. The deposition of the catalyst particles onto the carbon fibre-containing substrate is effected by a pulsed electrochemical method in an aqueous electrolyte. The noble metal-containing catalyst particles produced by the method have particle sizes in the nanometer range. The catalyst-coated substrates are used for the production of electrodes, gas diffusion electrodes and membrane electrode units for electrochemical devices, such as fuel cells (membrane fuel cells, PEMFC, DMFC, etc.), electrolysers or electrochemical sensors.

OSMIUM ANODE FOR DIRECT BOROHYDRIDE FUEL CELLS AND BATTERIES

A method of manufacturing an anode for a direct borohydride fuel cell or battery comprises: providing a porous and electronically conductive monolithic substrate; roughening deposition surfaces of the substrate; applying a surfactant to the substrate; electrodepositing osmium catalyst material onto the roughened deposition surfaces such that agglomerates of osmium (Os) nanoparticles are formed on the substrate; and removing the surfactant from the substrate. The substrate can be a fibrous graphitic substrate such as AvCarb.TM. P75 or GF-S3.

PROCESS OF DEPOSIT Of a METAL ON a LAYER OUT OF POROUS CARBON

Process for the preparation of a porous matter for the clothes industry of electrodes

ELECTRODE FOR ALKALINE FUEL CELL AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AN ALKALINE FUEL CELL COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE STEP OF MAKING SUCH AN ELECTRODE.

Method for preparing electrodes for fuel cells and thin product obtained

Process for the preparation of Thin Electrodes for Fuel Cells and product obtained therefrom

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ELECTRODES FOR POLYMER FUEL CELLS

The invention relates to an electrochemical cell suitable for electrodepositing a catalyst on a substrate, and to a method for producing an electrode by means of the electrodeposition technique, using said electrochemical cell.

CARBON NANOTUBE FOR FUEL CELL, NANOCOMPISITE COMPRISING THE SAME, METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME, AND FUEL CELL USING THE SAME

Provided are aligned carbon nanotubes for a fuel cell having a large surface area, a nanocomposite that includes the aligned carbon nanotubes loaded with highly dispersed nanoparticles of a metallic catalyst, methods of producing the carbon nanotubes and the nanocomposite, and a fuel cell including the nanocomposite. In the nanocomposite, nanoparticles of the metallic catalyst are uniformly distributed on external walls of the nanotubes. A fuel cell including the nanocomposite exhibits better erformance.

FUEL CELL UTILIZING APERTURED METAL FOIL ELECTRODES

Fuel cell

A fuel cell is constructed of three porous membranes filled with electrolyte. Outer membranes are plated externally with a metal film. The metal films are coated with a release agent. A catalyst film is coated on the release agent and on annular edges of the metal films adjacent each pore of the membranes. Dissolving the release agent recovers the catalyst and leaves only a small catalyst ring on the exposed edges of the metal electrodes adjacent the pores. Metal grids may be added to aid in conduction of electricity. Electrolyte within the porous membrane sandwich is exposed to fuel gas adjacent one electrode and to oxidizer gas adjacent the other electrode in the areas of the catalyst rings, resulting in a compact fuel cell and a highly efficient use of catalyst.

METHOD FOR COATING A MEMBRANE ELECTRODE UNIT WITH A CATALYST AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD

Fabrication of nano-structured electrodes on porous substrates

Elektrode aus einem elektrisch leitenden Verbundwerkstoff und Verfahren zur Herstellung

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Elektrode aus einem elektrisch leitenden Verbundwerkstoff, umfassend die Schritte: – Bereitstellen eines elektrisch leitenden Trägermaterials; – Aufbringen einer Funktionsschicht auf das Trägermaterial; und – Beaufschlagen der Funktionsschicht mit einem elektrischen Feld.

Procedure for the production of thin electrodes for gas cells

PROCEDURE FOR THE COATING OF A DIAPHRAGM ELECTRODE UNIT WITH CATALYST AND DEVICE FOR IT

GAS DIFFUSION ELECTRODE, MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR IT AND THIS USING GAS CELL

AN OXYGEN ELECTRODE AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Various embodiments provide a method of manufacturing an oxygen electrode. The method comprises: providing an electrically conductive substrate; depositing an electrocatalyst layer on the substrate; and intercalating alkali-metal ions into the catalyst layer. Some other embodiments provide an oxygen electrode manufactured in accordance with the method and a metal-air battery, a regenerative H2-O2 fuel cell, a direct fuel cell, and an electrochemical cell comprising the oxygen electrode.

FUEL CELLS

A liquid electrolyte fuel cell comprises means to define an electrolyte chamber, and electrodes on opposite sides of the electrolyte chamber. The electrode comprises an electrically conductive sheet (10) through which are defined a multiplicity of through-pores or holes (14). These may be formed by laser drilling through the sheet. The electrode would normally also include a layer (16) of catalytic material. The margin (15) of the sheet is not perforated or porous, to simplify sealing.

NEW CATALYST FOR the ELECTROLYTIC OXIDATION OF HYDROGEN

GAS DIFFUSION ELECTRODE HAVING AN INCREASED TOLERANCE WITH REGARD TO FLUCTUATION IN HUMIDITY

The invention relates to a multilayer gas diffusion electrode containing at least one gas diffusion layer and one catalyst layer. This gas diffusion electrode comprises at least one buffer layer, which is situated between the gas diffusion layer and the catalyst layer and which is provided for controlling the gas and water management. The invention also relates to a method for producing such a gas diffusion electrode, to a membrane electrode assembly, to a method for producing this membrane electrode assembly, and to the use thereof in a fuel cell.

Stable catalyst ink formulations, methods of using such inks in fiber formation, and articles comprising such fibers

The present invention relates to stable catalyst ink formulations comprising am electrospinning polymer selected from halogen-comprising polymers. The present invention further relates to electrospinning of such ink formulation, to the so-obtained electrospun fibrous mat as well as to articles comprising such electrospun fibrous mat.

Method and system for core-shell catalyst processing

According to an embodiment, a method of processing a material for a catalyst includes establishing an electrical potential on a porous electrode. Core particles are directed through the porous electrode. A layer of metal is deposited on the core particles as the particles pass through the porous electrode. According to an embodiment, an example assembly for processing a material for a catalyst includes a housing that establishes a path for particles to move through the housing. A porous electrode is situated within the housing for permitting core particles to move through the porous electrode. A layer of metal can be deposited on the core particles as the particles pass through the porous electrode.

Underpotential deposition-mediated layer-by-layer growth of thin films

A method of depositing contiguous, conformal submonolayer-to-multilayer thin films with atomic-level control is described. The process involves the use of underpotential deposition of a first element to mediate the growth of a second material by overpotential deposition. Deposition occurs between a potential positive to the bulk deposition potential for the mediating element where a full monolayer of mediating element forms, and a potential which is less than, or only slightly greater than, the bulk deposition potential of the material to be deposited. By cycling the applied voltage between the bulk deposition potential for the mediating element and the material to be deposited, repeated desorption/adsorption of the mediating element during each potential cycle can be used to precisely control film growth on a layer-by-layer basis. This process is especially suitable for the formation of a catalytically active layer on core-shell particles for use in energy conversion devices such as fuel ...

METHOD OF MAKING A FUEL CELL ELECTRODE

Method to improved redox flow battery performance

Methods to improve redox flow battery performance with improved CE, reduced electrolyte solution crossover, and simplified solution refreshing process have been developed. The methods include controlling the pre-charging degree and conditions to allow high quality metal plating (ductile and uniform), for example, Fe(O), on the negative electrode. Control of the pre-charging conditions can be combined with increasing the concentration of metal ions compared to existing systems, while maintaining the same concentration in both the negative and positive electrolytes, or increasing the concentration of metal ions in the negative electrolyte so that the negative electrolyte has a higher concentration of metal ions than the positive electrolyte.

INSTALLATION AND METHOD FOR ELECTROPLATING WITH ACTIVE INTERCELL BARS

An electrodeposition installation with active intercell bars that has at least three cells connected or capable of being connected in series between the positive pole and the negative pole of a rectifier is disclosed. Several active intercell bars installed between the cells and at the ends of the installation, each having a common conductive body with multiple busbar segments, one for each electrode electrically insulated, but independently electrically connectable to the common conductive body or to an extension cable by switches controlled from a microcomputer with remote communication capacity. The invention affords the advantage of providing a conventional plant with secure protection of electrodes against short circuits with complete management of production by complete monitoring of the process in real time, and with a greater production capacity by the internal depolarisation of the electrodes.

Gasdiffusionselektrode mit erhöhter Toleranz gegenüber Feuchteschwankung

Die Erfindung betrifft eine mehrschichtige Gasdiffusionselektrode, welche mindestens eine Gasdiffusionsschicht und eine Katalysatorschicht enthält. Diese Gasdiffusionselektrode weist zwischen Gasdiffusionsschicht weist zwischen Gasdiffusionschicht und Katalysatorschicht mindestens eine Pufferschicht zur Steuerung des Gas- und Wassermanagements auf. DOLLAR A Die Erfindung betrifft ebenso ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Gasdiffusionselektrode, eine Membranelektrodenanordnung sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Membranelektrodenanordnung und deren Verwendung in einer Brennstoffzelle.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINES TRAEGERGERUESTES FUER DAS AKTIVE MATERIAL VON ELEKTRODEN FUER GALVANISCHE ELEMENTE ODER BRENNSTOFFZELLEN

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kern-Schale-Katalysatoren und Elektrode daraus

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Katalysatormaterial für elektrokatalytische Anwendungen, bestehend aus trägerfixierten Kern-Schale-Partikeln, welche durch elektrochemische Abscheidung erzeugt wurden, sowie eine mit diesem Material hergestellte Elektrode. Die Aufgabenstellung wurde durch Entwicklung eines Verfahrens gelöst, bei dem elektrochemisch die Schale eines Metalls um den auf ein leitfähiges Trägermaterial aufgebrachten Kern eines anderen Metalls abgeschieden wird. Dabei wird ein Kernmaterial durch unterschiedliche Methoden, insbesondere durch elektrochemisch induzierte Abscheidung auf einem leitenden Trägermaterial fixiert, das in einem Folgeschritt von einem katalytisch aktiven Material durch elektrochemische Pulsabscheidung selektiv beschichtet wird, so dass das Kernmaterial vollständig umhüllt ist. Das so mit einem Kern-Schale Katalysator modifizierte Trägermaterial ist Basis für die Entwicklung von Elektroden, insbesondere Gasdiffusionselektroden.

Nanowire-based membrane electrode assemblies for fuel cells

Method of manufacture of an electrode for a fuel cell

A method of manufacture of an electrode for a fuel cell, the method comprising at least the steps of: (a) providing an electrode substrate; (b) contacting at least a part of the electrode substrate with an electroless plating solution comprising a reducing agent, a metal precursor and a suspension of particulate material; and (c) electrolessly plating the metal from the metal precursor onto the contacted part of the electrode substrate, thereby co-depositing the particulate material on the contacted part of the electrode substrate to provide the electrode.

Hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst

The invention relates to a catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and methods for using the catalyst in a water-splitting process. The invention also provides a composition, a material and an electrode comprising the catalyst. In particular, the invention relates to a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst comprising a catalytic metal species comprising an active catalyst species and a vanadium species; wherein the catalytic metal species and the vanadium species are interspersed within the HER catalyst.

ELECTRODE FOR ALKALINE FUEL CELL AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AN ALKALINE FUEL CELL COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE STEP OF MAKING SUCH AN ELECTRODE.

Une électrode (1) pour pile à combustible alcaline comporte une couche active constituée par un bicouche (2) ou par un empilement d'une pluralité de bicouches (2). Chaque bicouche (2) est composé d'une couche catalytique (3) comprenant des particules de catalyseur de taille nanométrique et d'une couche poreuse (4) comprenant deux faces opposées (4a, 4b) dont l'une est en contact avec la couche catalytique (3). La couche poreuse (4) est constituée d'un matériau composite poreux comportant une matrice en polymère conducteur d'ions hydroxydes dans laquelle est formé un réseau métallique constituant une pluralité de chemins électroniquement conducteurs reliant les deux faces opposées de la couche poreuse. Avantageusement, la fabrication d'une telle électrode est obtenue en réalisant successivement, sur une surface libre d'un support (5), le dépôt sous vide des particules de catalyseur et le co-dépôt sous vide du polymère conducteur d'ions hydroxydes et du métal.

Hot rolled iron-carbon-manganese austenitic steel combining high mechanical strength with an aptitude for pressing, notably for applications in motor vehicles requiring shock resistance and lightness

A hot-rolled sheet of iron-carbon-manganese austenitic steel has the following composition (by wt %): 0.5 = C = 0.7; 17 = Mn = 24; Si = 3; Al = 0.050; S = 0.030; P = 0.080; N = 0.1; optionally one or more elements such as Cr = 1, Mo = 0.40, Ni = 1, Cu = 5, Ti = 0.50, Nb = 0.50 and V = 0.50; and iron and inevitable production impurities the remainder. The recrystallized fraction of the steel is greater than 75%, the surface fraction of precipitated carbides is less than 1.5%, and the medium grain size of the steel is less than 18 microns. Independent claims are given for: (a) fabrication of the hot-rolled steel sheet; (b) a cold-rolled steel sheet having the same composition as the hot-rolled sheet; and (c) fabrication of the cold-rolled sheet.

METHOD FOR PREPARING ELECTRODE FOR REDOX FLOW BATTERY USING SURFACE TREATING

Provided is a method for manufacturing an electrode composite, which comprises the steps of: (a) allowing an electrode including a carbon material to be contact with a surface treatment solution including metal ions, and performing surface-treatment for the carbon material with the surface treatment solution using at least one selected from a supporting method and an electrodeposition method; and (b) drying and heat-treating the electrode including the surface-treated carbon material to manufacture an electrode composite having a part of all of the surface of the carbon material coated with a metal. According to the present invention, the electrode composite surface-treated with a metal can be manufactured by coating a surface of an electrode with copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), and nickel (Ni) by an electrodeposition process, and performing heat-treatment at a level of about 200 to 400 °C to coat a carbon felt with a metal catalyst. In addition, the electrode composite surface-treated with a metal can be manufactured by coating a carbon felt with a metal catalyst by performing heat-treatment at a level of about 300 to 450°C after being immersed in an ion solution of copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), and nickel (Ni). Also, a redox flow battery is manufactured by using the electrode composite, thereby improving a maintenance rate of electrode/cell capacity and discharge capacity even when a temperature is lowered.

코어/쉘 구조의 촉매 입자가 담지된 촉매의 제조 방법

... 본 발명은 Cu-UPD법에 의해 코어/쉘 구조를 갖는 촉매 입자를 형성하는 방법에 관한 것이다. 즉, 백금을 포함하는 쉘층과, 상기 쉘층에 덮인 백금 이외의 금속을 포함하는 코어 입자를 포함하는, 코어/쉘 구조를 갖는 촉매 입자가 담체에 담지된 촉매의 제조 방법이며, 상기 코어 입자를 담지한 상기 담체를, 구리 이온을 포함하는 전해액 내에서 전해하여, 코어 입자 표면에 구리를 석출시키는 전해 처리 공정과, 구리를 석출시킨 상기 코어 입자에, 백금 화합물 용액을 접촉시킴으로써, 코어 입자 표면의 구리를 백금으로 치환하여, 백금을 포함하는 쉘층을 형성하는 치환 반응 공정을 포함하고, 상기 치환 반응 공정의 백금 화합물 용액은, 시트르산을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법이다.

FUEL CELL AND METHOD OF PRODUCING SAME

A method of producing a fuel cell is provided. The method of producing a fuel cell comprises the steps of: physically mixing a first metal oxide and a second metal oxide to form a base combined body; forming the base combined body into a preliminary electrode support in the form of a thin layer; and doping the preliminary electrode support with gadolinium (Gd) to produce an electrode support. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2017 (AA) Start (BB) End (S100) Step for physically mixing first metal oxide and second metal oxide to form a base combined body (S200) Step for forming the base combined body into a preliminary electrode support in form of a thin layer (S300) Step for doping the preliminary electrode support with gadolinium (Gd) to produce an electrode support ...

ULTRAHYDROPHOBIC SUBSTRATE PROVIDED ON ITS SURFACE WITH METALLIC NANOPARTICLES, METHOD OF PRODUCTION AND USE OF SAME

A method of producing a ultrahydrophobic substrate provided on its surface with metallic nanoparticles comprising the steps of furnishing a ultrahydrophobic substrate, applying a precursor layer on said substrate with deposition of metallic nanoparticles from the precursor layer on the substrate. The precursor layer is preferably free of electronic conductive particles and the particles are preferably deposited electrochemically from the precursor layer.

METHOD OF PRODUCING DISPLACEMENT PLATING PRECURSOR

A method of producing a displacement plating precursor, including a deposition step of depositing a Cu layer on a surface of a core particle formed of Pt or a Pt alloy by contacting a Cu ion-containing acidic aqueous solution with at least a portion of a Cu electrode, and contacting the Cu electrode with the core particle or with a composite, in which the core particle is supported on an electroconductive support, within the acidic aqueous solution or outside the acidic aqueous solution, and moreover contacting the core particle with the acidic aqueous solution under an inert gas atmosphere.

DEPOSITION METHOD AND PRODUCT OBTAINED THEREBY

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of porous or nanostructured, materials comprising metals and other materials, in which a thin layer of a structure-directing agent such as a non-ionic amphiphile in a solvent is applied to a substrate and material deposited onto the substrate electrolytically. The structure directing agent is present as an inverse lyotropic liquid crystalline phase. The process has several practical advantages over known techniques employing a bulk liquid crystalline phase. The films have unexpected properties.

PHOTOELECTRIC CATALYST APPLICATION

To apply a catalyst material to an electrode support, a photoconductive layer on an earthed electrically conductive substrate is negatively or positively charged; a correspondingly positively or negatively charged mixture of the catalyst material and a polymer material is applied electrostatically to the photoconductive layer; the photoconductive layer is exposed and discharged; the mixture of catalyst material and polymer material is electrostatically transferred to the correspondingly negatively or positively charged electrode support, and the mixture of catalyst material and polymer material is fixed on the electrode support by heat treatment.

METAL-COATED CARBON SURFACES FOR USE IN FUEL CELLS

A method of coating a carbon article with a metal by cyclic voltammetrically electrodepositing the metal on the carbon article, thereby forming a metal coating on the carbon article and the metal-coated carbon article made by the method. A metal-coated carbon article having a carbon article and a metal coating disposed on an exterior surface of the carbon article, the coating being present in an amount less than about 0.1mg/cm2.

Electrodes for use in electrocatalytic processes

Electrodes having high electrocatalytic activity are prepared by coating a base member of conductive material (preferably glassy carbon) with a layer of a porous polymeric material and then electrodepositing microparticles of metal within the polymeric layer by electrolysis using the electrode in a solution of the appropriate metal. The metal particles deposited within the polymer layer are typically less than about 100 nm. in diameter and their imbedding within the polymeric layer helps prevent poisoning of catalytically active metal by absorbed macromolecules.

Manufacturing a fuel cell membrane-electrode assembly

The present invention provides an apparatus and method for manufacturing a fuel cell membrane-electrode assembly by forming a catalyst layer, which has uniform distribution, excellent porosity, and excellent bondability to a polymer electrolyte membrane, on a metal roll by an electrospray process and transferring the catalyst layer to a polymer electrolyte membrane.

Method and Electrochemical Cell for Synthesis and Treatment of Metal Monolayer Electrocatalysts Metal, Carbon, and Oxide Nanoparticles Ion Batch, or in Continuous Fashion

An apparatus and method for synthesis and treatment of electrocatalyst particles in batch or continuous fashion is provided. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a sonication bath and a two-compartment chamber submerged in the sonication bath. The upper and lower compartments are separated by a microporous material surface. The upper compartment comprises a cover and a working electrode (WE) connected to a Pt foil contact, with the foil contact connected to the microporous material. The upper chamber further comprises reference counter electrodes. The lower compartment comprises an electrochemical cell containing a solution of metal ions. In one embodiment, the method for synthesis of electrocatalysts comprises introducing a plurality of particles into the apparatus and applying sonication and an electrical potential to the microporous material connected to the WE. After the non-noble metal ions are deposited onto the particles, the non-noble metal ions are displaced by noble-metal ions by galvanic displacement.

Core-shell type metal nanoparticles and method for producing the same

The present invention provides core-shell type metal nanoparticles having a high surface coverage of the core portion with the shell portion, and a method for producing the same. Disclosed is core-shell type metal nanoparticles comprising a core portion comprising a core metal material and a shell portion covering the core portion, wherein the core portion substantially has no {100 } plane of the core metal material on the surface thereof.

ELECTRODES HAVING Pt NANOPARTICLES ON RuO2 NANOSKINS

An article having a titanium, titanium carbide, titanium nitride, tantalum, aluminum, silicon, or stainless steel substrate, a RuO 2 coating on a portion of the substrate; and a plurality of platinum nanoparticles on the RuO 2 coating. The RuO 2 coating contains nanoparticles of RuO 2 . A method of: immersing the substrate in a solution of RuO 4 and a nonpolar solvent at a temperature that is below the temperature at which RuO 4 decomposes to RuO 2 in the nonpolar solvent in the presence of the article; warming the article and solution to ambient temperature under ambient conditions to cause the formation of a RuO 2 coating on a portion of the article; and electrodepositing platinum nanoparticles on the RuO 2 coating.

Fuel Cell with an Improved Electrode

An improved platinum and method for manufacturing the improved platinum wherein the platinum having a fractal surface coating of platinum, platinum gray, with a increase in surface area of at least 5 times when compared to shiny platinum of the same geometry and also having improved resistance to physical stress when compared to platinum black having the same surface area. The process of electroplating the surface coating of platinum gray comprising plating at a moderate rate, for example at a rate that is faster than the rate necessary to produce shiny platinum and that is less than the rate necessary to produce platinum black. Platinum gray is applied to manufacture a fuel cell and a catalyst. 1. A hydrogen fuel cell comprising:an anode;a cathode; andan electrolyte in contact with the anode and cathode;wherein the anode and/or a cathode comprises conductive substrate and a surface coating on the conductive substrate comprising platinum and having a fractal configuration.2. The hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive substrate is non-porous.3. A method for manufacturing of a hydrogen fuel cell comprising:providing a conductive substrate;electroplating the conductive substrate with a coating comprising platinum and having a fractal configuration;placing the conductive substrate in an electrolyte to form a fuel cell.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the step of electroplating the surface of the conductive substrate is at a rate such that the particles are form on the conductive substrate faster than necessary to form shiny platinum and slower than necessary to form platinum black.5. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the step of electroplating is accomplished at a rate of more than 0.05 microns per minute claim 2 , but less than 1 micron per minute.6. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the electroplating is accomplished at a rate of greater or equal to 1 micron per minute claim 2 , but less than 10 microns per minute. ...

Electrochemical Deposition of Nanoscale Catalyst Particles

A process for the electrochemical deposition of nanoscale catalyst particles using a sacrificial hydrogen anode as counter electrode for the working electrode is disclosed, whereby a concurrent development of hydrogen at the working electrode is mostly or completely avoided. 1. A method for electrochemical deposition of nanoscale catalyst particles comprising use of sacrificial hydrogen anode which functions as a counter electrode for the working electrode , wherein the working electrode potential shows at least mainly positive signs with respect to the sacrificial hydrogen anode during the deposition process in respect of time , whereby simultaneous formation of hydrogen at the working electrode can mostly or completely be prevented.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the working electrode potential with respect to the sacrificial hydrogen anode is positive at least 90% claim 1 , specifically at least 95% claim 1 , of the total deposition time.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the working electrode potential with respect to the sacrificial hydrogen anode is always positive in order to completely prevent simultaneous formation of hydrogen at the working electrode.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein with suitable reaction control claim 1 , the working electrode-side moisture is reduced.5. The method of claim 1 , whereby the catalyst particles are deposited from a precursor layer previously applied to a GDL.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precursor layer with a simultaneous or subsequent deposition of one or more precursors is applied and dried through an established coating process.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the precursor layer includes one or more substrate materials claim 6 , one or more ionomers claim 6 , and the precursors.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein additives such as binding agents claim 1 , dispersion agents claim 1 , wetting agents claim 1 , solvent mixtures claim 1 , thickeners and/or antioxidants are added to the dispersion for the ...

Polyaniline-supported atomic gold electrodes and methods of making and using same

Atomic gold electrodes, including electrodes containing a polyaniline gold complex are disclosed, including methods of making and using the same. In some embodiments, the atomic gold electrode can be described as a polyaniline coated electrode having atomic gold clusters complexed to the polyaniline at levels of between 1-20 gold atoms. A method for preparing the polyaniline gold complexes is disclosed that can deposit gold atoms one at a time into a complex with the polyaniline, allowing for highly tailored atomic clusters. A method of oxidizing alcohols, and the application to devices such as fuel cells are also disclosed.

Method of producing displacement plating precursor

A method of producing a displacement plating precursor, including a deposition step of depositing a Cu layer on a surface of a core particle formed of Pt or a Pt alloy by contacting a Cu ion-containing acidic aqueous solution with at least a portion of a Cu electrode, and contacting the Cu electrode with the core particle or with a composite, in which the core particle is supported on an electroconductive support, within the acidic aqueous solution or outside the acidic aqueous solution, and moreover contacting the core particle with the acidic aqueous solution under an inert gas atmosphere.

PROCESS FOR GROWING METAL PARTICLES BY ELECTROPLATING WITH IN SITU INHIBITION

A process for manufacturing a catalytic, electrically conductive electrode based on metal particles, comprises: a step of electroplating with a metal salt to form the said metal particles at the surface of an electrode, characterized in that the step of electroplating of the metal salt is performed in the presence of a blocking chemical species with a high power of absorption onto the surface of the said metal particles and with an oxidation potential higher than the reduction potential of the said metal salt such that the blocking chemical species conserves its blocking power during the reduction reaction of the said metal salt, and so as to reduce the size of the metal particles formed, constituting the said catalytic, electrically conductive electrode; and, a step of desorption of the blocking chemical species. 1. A process for manufacturing a catalytic , electrically conductive electrode based on metal particles , comprising: electroplating with a metal salt to form the metal particles at the surface of an electrode: such that the blocking chemical species conserves its blocking power during the reduction reaction of the metal salt, and', 'so as to reduce the size of the metal particles formed, constituting the catalytic, electrically conductive electrode;, 'wherein the electroplating of the metal salt is performed in the presence of a blocking chemical species with a high power of absorption onto the surface of the metal particles and with an oxidation potential higher than the reduction potential of the metal saltthe process further comprising desorption of the blocking chemical species.2. The process for manufacturing a catalytic claim 1 , electrically conductive electrode based on metal particles according to claim 1 , wherein the metal is platinum.3. The process for manufacturing a catalytic claim 2 , electrically conductive electrode based on metal particles according to claim 2 , wherein the electrolytic deposition is performed in the presence of the ...

Ion conducting nanofiber fuel cell electrodes

The present invention is directed to methods of making a nanofiber-nanoparticle network to be used as electrodes of fuel cells. The method comprises electrospinning a polymer-containing material on a substrate to form nanofibers and electrospraying a catalyst-containing material on the nanofibers on the same substrate. The nanofiber-nanoparticle network made by the methods is suitable for use as electrodes in fuel cells.

Nanoparticle deposition in porous and on planar substrates

A method of preparing a metal nanoparticle on a surface includes subjecting a metal source to a temperature and a pressure in a carrier gas selected to provide a vapor metal species at a vapor pressure in the range of about 10 −4 to about 10 −11 atm; contacting the vapor metal species with a heated substrate; and depositing the metal as a nanoparticle on the substrate.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING FINE CATALYST PARTICLES AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBON-SUPPORTED CATALYST

The present invention is to provide fine catalyst particles to which sulfate ions are less likely to be adsorbed, and a carbon-supported catalyst to which sulfate ions are less likely to be adsorbed. Disclosed is a method for producing fine catalyst particles comprising a fine palladium-containing particle and a platinum-containing outermost layer covering at least part of the fine palladium-containing particle, wherein the method comprises: a copper covering step of covering at least part of the fine palladium-containing particle with copper by preparing a second dispersion by mixing a first dispersion comprising fine palladium-containing particles being dispersed in an acid solution with a copper-containing solution, and applying a potential that is nobler than the oxidation reduction potential of copper to the fine palladium-containing particles in the second dispersion, and a platinum covering step of covering at least part of the fine palladium-containing particle with platinum by substituting the copper covering at least part of the fine palladium-containing particle with platinum by mixing the second dispersion and a platinum-containing solution after the copper covering step, with applying a constant potential that is in a range between a potential that is nobler than the oxidation reduction potential of copper and a potential that is less than the oxidation reduction potential of platinum, to the fine palladium-containing particles. 1. A method for producing fine catalyst particles comprising a fine palladium-containing particle and a platinum-containing outermost layer covering at least part of the fine palladium-containing particle ,wherein the method comprises:a copper covering step of covering at least part of the fine palladium-containing particle with copper by preparing a second dispersion by mixing a first dispersion comprising fine palladium-containing particles being dispersed in an acid solution with a copper-containing solution, and applying a ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING CATALYST WHEREIN CATALYST PARTICLES HAVING CORE/SHELL STRUCTURE ARE SUPPORTED

A method for forming catalyst particles, each of which has a core/shell structure, by a Cu-UPD method. Namely, a method of manufacturing a catalyst wherein catalyst particles, each of which has a core/shell structure composed of a shell layer that is formed of platinum and a core particle that is covered with the shell layer and is formed of a metal other than platinum, are supported on a carrier. This method is characterized by comprising: an electrolysis step wherein the carrier supporting the core particles is electrolyzed in an electrolytic solution containing copper ions, so that copper is precipitated on the surfaces of the core particles; and a substitution reaction step wherein a platinum compound solution is brought into contact with the core particles, on which copper has been precipitated, so that the copper on the surface of each core particle is substituted by platinum, thereby forming a shell layer that is formed of platinum. This method is further characterized in that the platinum compound solution in the substitution reaction step contains citric acid. 1. A method of manufacturing a catalyst comprising a catalytic particle supported on a carrier , the catalytic particle having a core/shell structure comprising: a shell layer comprising platinum; and a core particle covered with the shell layer and comprising a metal other than platinum , the method comprising the steps of:subjecting said core-particle-supported carrier to electrolysis in a copper-ion-containing electrolytic solution, thereby depositing copper on a surface of the core particle, as an electrolytic treating process; andbringing a platinum compound solution into contact with the copper-deposited core particle to substitute the copper on the surface of the core particle with platinum, thereby forming a shell layer comprising platinum, as a substitution reaction process;wherein the platinum compound solution in the substitution reaction process contains organic acid, andan amount of ...

TIN-BASED CATALYSTS, THE PREPARATION THEREOF, AND FUEL CELLS USING THE SAME

A composition comprised of a tin (Sn) or lead (Pb) film, wherein the film is coated by a shell, wherein the shell: (a) is comprised of an active metal, and (b) is characterized by a thickness of less than 50 nm, is discloses herein. Further disclosed herein is the use of the composition for the oxidation of e.g., methanol, ethanol, formic acid, formaldehyde, dimethyl ether, methyl formate, and glucose. 1. A composition comprising:metal nanoparticles (NP) coated by a shell, wherein:said metal NPs comprise a metal selected from the group consisting of: tin (Sn), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb) or a combination thereof;said shell: (a) comprises a noble metal, and (b) is characterized by a thickness of less than 50 nm; andsaid metal is in an elemental state within said composition.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said element is Sn.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said thickness is in the range of 2 nm to 10 nm.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said noble metal is selected from the group consisting of: platinum (Pt) claim 1 , palladium (Pd) claim 1 , ruthenium (Ru) claim 1 , gold (Au) claim 1 , silver (Ag) claim 1 , rhodium (Rh) claim 1 , iridium (Ir) claim 1 , or an alloy or a combination thereof.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said shell further comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of Sn claim 1 , Pb claim 1 , Sb claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Os claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , W claim 1 , indium-tin-oxide and selenium (Se) claim 1 , including any oxide or a combination thereof.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein herein a median size of said metal nanoparticles is from 1 to 50 nanometers.7. The composition of claim 4 , wherein said Pt claim 4 , and Pd are in a molar ratio of from 3:1 to 1:3 claim 4 , respectively.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said composition is in a form of an electrocatalyst configured for oxidation of a fuel.9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein said fuel is ...

Polymer-supported electrodes containing multi-atomic clusters and methods of making and using same

Atomic mixed metal electrodes, including electrodes containing a conductive polymer-mixed metal complex, as well as methods of making and using the same, are disclosed. In some embodiments, the atomic mixed metal electrode can be described as a conductive polymer-coated electrode having mixed metal clusters complexed to the conductive polymer at levels of between 2 and 10 metal atoms. A method for preparing the conductive polymer-mixed metal complexes is disclosed that can deposit metal atoms one at a time into a complex with the conductive polymer, allowing for highly tailored atomic clusters. A method of oxidizing alcohols, and the application to devices such as fuel cells are also disclosed.

APPARATUS AND METHOD ASSOCIATED WITH REFORMER-LESS FUEL CELL

An electrolyte membrane for a reformer-less fuel cell is provided. The electrolyte membrane is assembled with fuel and air manifolds to form the fuel cell. The fuel manifold receives an oxidizable fuel from a fuel supply in a gaseous, liquid, or slurry form. The air manifold receives air from an air supply. The electrolyte membrane conducts oxygen in an ionic superoxide form when the fuel cell is exposed to operating temperatures above the boiling point of water to electrochemically combine the oxygen with the fuel to produce electricity. The electrolyte membrane includes a porous electrically non-conductive substrate, an anode catalyst layer deposited along a fuel manifold side of the substrate, a cathode catalyst layer deposited along an air manifold side of the substrate, and an ionic liquid filling the substrate between the anode and cathode catalyst layers. Methods for manufacturing and operating the electrolyte membrane are also provided. 1. An apparatus associated with a reformer-less fuel cell , comprising:an electrolyte membrane configured to be assembled with a fuel manifold and an air manifold to form a reformer-less fuel cell, wherein the fuel manifold is configured to receive an oxidizable fuel from a fuel supply in at least one of a gaseous form, a liquid form, and a slurry form, wherein the air manifold is configured to receive air from an air supply, the air comprising at least oxygen, wherein the electrolyte membrane is configured to conduct oxygen in an ionic superoxide form when the reformer-less fuel cell is exposed to operating temperatures above the boiling point of water to electrochemically combine the oxygen with the oxidizable fuel to produce electricity, the electrolyte membrane comprising:a porous electrically non-conductive substrate;an anode catalyst layer deposited along a fuel manifold side of the porous substrate;a cathode catalyst layer deposited along an air manifold side of the porous substrate; andan ionic liquid filling the ...

METHOD OF FORMING A CATALYST LAYER FOR A FUEL CELL

A method of forming a catalyst layer for a fuel cell includes electrospinning a first solution of an ionomer, a binder, and a first solvent to form a porous mat having an interior and an exterior and including a plurality of ionomer nanofibers intertwined with one another to define a plurality of pores within the interior. A portion of the plurality of ionomer nanofibers define the exterior and have an internal surface facing the interior and an external surface facing away from the interior. The method also includes electrospraying a second solution of a catalyst and a second solvent onto the porous mat such that the catalyst is disposed on each external surface and is not embedded within the plurality of pores to thereby form the catalyst layer. A catalyst layer and a fuel cell are also described. 1. A method of forming a catalyst layer for a fuel cell , the method comprising:electrospinning a first solution of an ionomer, a binder, and a first solvent to form a porous mat having an interior and an exterior and including a plurality of ionomer nanofibers intertwined with one another to define a plurality of pores within the interior;wherein a portion of the plurality of ionomer nanofibers define the exterior and have an internal surface facing the interior and an external surface facing away from the interior; andelectrospraying a second solution of a catalyst and a second solvent onto the porous mat such that the catalyst is disposed on each external surface and is not embedded within the plurality of pores to thereby form the catalyst layer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein electrospraying includes not depositing the ionomer onto the catalyst.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein electrospraying includes minimizing an amount of ionomer in contact with the catalyst.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein electrospinning is concurrent to electrospraying.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein electrospinning occurs before electrospraying.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the ...

Method for the Preparation of Fibers from a Catalyst Solution, and Articles Comprising Such Fibers

The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of fibers from a catalyst solution by electrospinning and further to articles comprising such fibers. 1. A process of producing an electrospun fibrous mat , said process comprising the steps of(a) preparing an electrospinning ink comprising metal supported on a carrier, an ionomer, an electrospinning polymer and a solvent by mixing; and(b) electrospinning in electrospinning equipment said electrospinning ink to obtain the electrospun fibrous mat,wherein step (b) is performed by nozzle-free electrospinning.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of Sc claim 1 , Y claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Hf claim 1 , V claim 1 , Nb claim 1 , Ta claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , W claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Ru claim 1 , Os claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Rh claim 1 , Ir claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Pd claim 1 , Pt claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , Au claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Cd claim 1 , Hg claim 1 , lanthanides claim 1 , actinides and any blend thereof.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the carrier is selected from the group consisting of carbon claim 1 , silica claim 1 , metal oxides claim 1 , metal halides and any blend thereof.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the mixing in step (a) is performed by sonication claim 1 , stirring claim 1 , ball milling claim 1 , homogenization or a combination of all.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the ionomer comprises electrically neutral repeating units and ionized or ionizable repeating units.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water claim 1 , alcohols claim 1 , ketones claim 1 , ethers claim 1 , amides and any blend thereof.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the electrospinning equipment comprises two electrodes claim 1 , the distance between which is at least 0.01 m and at most 2 m.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

ZINC ELECTRODES FOR BATTERIES

A method of: providing an emulsion having a zinc powder and a liquid phase; drying the emulsion to form a sponge; sintering the sponge in an inert atmosphere to form a sintered sponge; heating the sintered sponge in an oxidizing atmosphere to form an oxidized sponge having zinc oxide on the surface of the oxidized sponge; and heating the oxidized sponge in an inert atmosphere at above the melting point of the zinc. A method of: providing an emulsion comprising a zinc powder and a liquid phase; placing the emulsion into a mold, wherein the emulsion is in contact with a metal substrate; and drying the emulsion to form a sponge. 1. A method comprising:providing an emulsion comprising a zinc powder and a liquid phase;drying the emulsion to form a sponge;sintering the sponge in an inert atmosphere to form a sintered sponge;heating the sintered sponge in an oxidizing atmosphere to form an oxidized sponge comprising zinc oxide on the surface of the oxidized sponge; andheating the oxidized sponge in an inert atmosphere at above the melting point of the zinc.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sintering is performed at at least two thirds of the melting point of the metal and below the melting point of the metal.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the sintered sponge is performed at a temperature greater than the melting point of the zinc.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the oxidized sponge is performed at a temperature greater than the melting point of the zinc.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sintering claim 1 , heating the sintered sponge claim 1 , and heating the oxidized sponge are each performed with dwell times of at least 30 minutes.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the zinc powder or liquid phase comprises an additive that suppresses gas evolution and corrosion of the sponge.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the additive comprises bismuth and indium.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid phase emulsion comprises water and decane.9. ...

SUPERCONFORMAL FILLING COMPOSITION AND SUPERCONFORMALLY FILLING A RECESSED FEATURE OF AN ARTICLE

Superconformally filling a recessed feature includes: contacting the recessed feature with superconformal filling composition that includes: Au(SO) anions; SO anions; and Bi cations; convectively transporting Au(SO) and Bi to the bottom member of the recessed feature; subjecting the recessed feature to an electrical current to superconformally deposit gold from the Au(SO) on the bottom member relative to the sidewall and the field, the electrical current providing a cathodic voltage; and increasing the electrical current subjected to the field and the recessed feature to maintain the cathodic voltage between −0.85 V and −1.00 V relative to the SSE during superconformally depositing gold on the substrate to superconformally fill the recessed feature of the article with gold as a superconformal filling of gold, the superconformal filling being void-free and seam-free. 1. A process for superconformally filling a recessed feature of an article with gold , the process comprising: a substrate;', 'a field disposed on the substrate;', a bottom member;', 'a sidewall that separates the bottom member from the field,', 'the recessed feature having an aspect ratio of a depth to a width from 0.5 to 100 before superconformally filling the recessed feature, the aspect ratio increasing during superconformally filling the recessed feature; and, 'the recessed feature disposed on the substrate and surrounded by the field, the recessed feature comprising, 'an overlayer disposed on the article such that the field and the recessed feature are fully metallized for contact with a superconformal filling composition;', [{'sub': 3', '2, 'sup': '3−', 'a plurality of Au(SO) anions as a source of gold for superconformally depositing gold in the recessed feature;'}, {'sub': '3', 'sup': '2−', 'a plurality of SO anions; and'}, {'sup': '3+', 'a plurality of Bi cations as a brightener and an accelerator for superconformally depositing gold in the recessed feature;'}], 'contacting the field and the ...

SCALABLE, MASSIVELY PARALLEL PROCESS FOR MAKING MICRO-SCALE FUNCTIONAL PARTICLES

A method of fabrication produces one or more functional microparticles using a parallel pore working piece. In one embodiment, the method forms a particle that includes a segment for the oxidation of a biofuel (such as glucose) and the reduction of oxygen. The particle may be synthesized in a structure with defined and parallel, uniform, thin pores that completely penetrate the structure. Further, the functional microparticle may be configured to reside in a human or animal body or cell such that it may be self-contained fuel cell having an anode, a cathode, a separator membrane, and a magnetic component. In other embodiments, the functional microparticles may deliver energy or therapeutic materials in the body. 1. An apparatus comprised of a functional microparticle with at least one dimension less than fifty microns in length and containing magnetizable material , wherein the microparticle emits electrical current , electromagnetic or thermal energy , or carries a therapeutic payload.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the functional microparticle is a fuel cell that generates electrical current.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the functional microparticle generates radio frequency wave electromagnetic radiation whose frequency changes in response to exposure to an applied magnetic field.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the functional microparticle is a spin-torque nano-oscillator.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the functional microparticle carries a therapeutic payload.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the functional microparticle delivers thermal energy in response to the exposure to the magnetic field.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the functional microparticle delivers light energy.8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the functional microparticle is a self-contained fuel cell having an anode claim 1 , a cathode claim 1 , a separator membrane claim 1 , and a magnetic component.9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the fuel cell ...

METHOD FOR MAKING ULTRALOW PLATINUM LOADING AND HIGH DURABILITY MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY FOR POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS

A method of making a catalyst layer of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell includes the step of preparing a porous buckypaper layer comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes. Platinum group metal nanoparticles are deposited in a liquid solution on an outer surface of the buckypaper to create a platinum group metal nanoparticle buckypaper. A proton conducting electrolyte is deposited on the platinum group metal nanoparticles by electrophoretic deposition to create a proton-conducting layer on the an outer surface of the platinum nanoparticles. An additional proton-conducting layer is deposited by contacting the platinum group metal nanoparticle buckypaper with a liquid proton-conducting composition in a solvent. The platinum group metal nanoparticle buckypaper is dried to remove the solvent. A membrane electrode assembly for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is also disclosed. 1. A method of making a catalyst layer of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell , comprising the steps of:preparing a porous buckypaper layer comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes;depositing platinum group metal nanoparticles in a liquid solution on an outer surface of the buckypaper to create a platinum nanoparticle buckypaper; and,depositing a proton conducting electrolyte on the platinum nanoparticles by electrophoretic deposition to create a proton-conducting layer on the an outer surface of the platinum nanoparticles;depositing an additional proton-conducting layer by contacting the platinum nanoparticle buckypaper with a liquid proton-conducting composition in a solvent;drying the platinum nanoparticle buckypaper to remove the solvent.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of contacting the platinum nanoparticle buckypaper with a liquid proton-conducting composition in a ...

Cathode Electrocatalyst and Fuel Cell

The present invention is related to fuel cells and fuel cell cathodes, especially for fuel cells using hydrogen peroxide, oxygen or air as oxidant. A supported electrocatalyst () or unsupported metal black catalyst () of cathodes according to an embodiment of the present invention is bonded to a current collector () by an intrinsically electron conducting adhesive (). The surface of the electrocatalyst layer is coated by an ion-conducting ionomer layer (). According to an embodiment of the invention these fuel cells use cathodes that employ ruthenium alloys RuMeMesuch as ruthenium-palladium-iridium alloys or quaternary ruthenium-rhenium alloys RuMeMeRe such as ruthenium-palladium-iridium-rhenium alloys as electrocatalyst () for hydrogen peroxide fuel cells. Other embodiments are described and shown. 2. A cathode electrocatalyst according to claim 1 , wherein said ruthenium alloy is deposited on an electron-conducting support material in the form of a thin film or nanoparticles or as a metal black.3. A cathode electrocatalyst according to claim 2 , wherein said support material is a high surface area carbon black support.4. A cathode electrocatalyst according to claim 2 , wherein said ruthenium alloy further comprises a second transition metal selected from the group consisting of rhenium claim 2 , rhodium claim 2 , palladium claim 2 , osmium claim 2 , and iridium different from said first transition metal in a mole percentage x(Me) claim 2 , wherein x(Me) is chosen dependent on the mole percentage of the first transition metal x(Me) as:{'sub': 'I', '0.1 at.-% to 100 at.-%-90 at.-%-x(Me).'}5. A cathode electrocatalyst according to claim 4 , wherein said ruthenium alloy further comprises rhenium as a metal different from said first transition metal and said second transition metal wherein the mole percentage x(Me) of rhenium is chosen as 0.1 atomic-% to 10 atomic-% and the mole percentage of the second transition metal is chosen as:{'sub': I', 'III, '0.1 at.-% to 100 ...

ELECTROCATALYSTS, THE PREPARATION THEREOF, AND USING THE SAME FOR FUEL CELLS

Compositions comprised of a tin film, coated by a shell of less than 50 nm thick made of palladium and tin in a molar ratio ranging from 1:4 to 3:1, respectively, are disclosed. Uses of the compositions as an electro-catalyst e.g., in a fuel cell, and particularly for the oxidation of various materials are also disclosed. 1. A composition , comprising a metal core coated by a shell , wherein said shell:(a) comprises palladium (Pd) and tin (Sn), wherein the Pd:Sn molar ratio is in the range of 1:4 to 3:1, respectively; and(b) is characterized by a thickness of less than 50 nm; and wherein the metal core comprises Sn, tin oxide, or both.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said metal core is in a form of a nanoparticle claim 1 , a dendritic structure claim 1 , or a film.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said shell further comprises a platinum (Pt).4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein said Pt and said Sn are present in the shell in a molar ratio of 2:1 to 1:1 claim 3 , respectively.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the shell is characterized by a thickness in the range of 2 nm to 10 nm; and wherein the shell is in a form of crystals having a median crystallite size in the range of 3.5 to 6 nm.6. The composition of claim 3 , characterized by an X-Ray Powder Diffraction which is devoid of peaks at positions that correspond to a pristine oxide of at least one element selected from Pt claim 3 , Pd claim 3 , and Sn.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said metal core is deposited on a substrate.8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein said substrate is selected from a carbon substrate claim 7 , a metal oxide claim 7 , a polymer claim 7 , or any combination thereof.9. The composition of claim 7 , wherein said substrate is the carbon substrate selected from the group consisting of activated carbon claim 7 , graphite claim 7 , carbon nanotube claim 7 , and nano-diamond claim 7 , or any combination thereof.10. The composition of claim 7 , wherein said ...

CORE-SHELL TYPE METAL NANOPARTICLES AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

The present invention provides core-shell type metal nanoparticles having a high surface coverage of the core portion with the shell portion, and a method for producing the same. Disclosed is core-shell type metal nanoparticles comprising a core portion comprising a core metal material and a shell portion covering the core portion, wherein the core portion substantially has no {100} plane of the core metal material on the surface thereof. 1. A method for producing core-shell type metal nanoparticles comprising a core portion comprising a core metal material and a shell portion covering the core portion ,the method at least comprising the steps of:preparing fine core particles comprising the core metal material and having a ratio of {100} plane of the core metal material appearing on a surface of the core portion in the range of 0 to 5%, based on a total surface area of the core portion of 100%, the ratio being estimated by a predetermined simulation method, andcovering each of the fine core particles, which is the core portion, with the shell portion.2. The method for producing core-shell type metal nanoparticles according to claim 1 , wherein the core portion covering step with the shell portion comprises at least the steps of:covering each of the fine core particles, which is the core portion, with a monatomic layer, andreplacing the monatomic layer with the shell portion.3. The method for producing core-shell type metal nanoparticles according to claim 1 , wherein a metal crystal having a crystal system that is a cubic system and a lattice constant of a=3.60 to 4.08 Å claim 1 , is used as the fine core particles.4. The method for producing core-shell type metal nanoparticles according to claim 1 , wherein a metal crystal having a crystal system that is a cubic system and a lattice constant of a=3.80 to 4.08 Å is used in the shell portion.5. The method for producing core-shell type metal nanoparticles according to claim 1 , wherein the core metal material is a ...

Metal / Metal Chalcogenide Electrode With High Specific Surface Area

The present invention relates to an electrode comprising an electrically conductive substrate of which at least one portion of the surface is covered with a metal deposit of copper, the surface of said deposit being in an oxidised, sulphurised, selenised and/or tellurised form and the deposit having a specific surface area of more than 1 m/g; a method for preparing such an electrode; and a method for oxygenising water with dioxygen involving such an electrode. 1. An electrode comprising an electrically conductive substrate of which at least one part of the surface is covered with a copper metal deposit , the surface of said deposit being in an oxidized , sulphurized , selenized and/or tellurized form and the deposit having a specific surface area greater than or equal to 1 m/g.2. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive substrate consists claim 1 , at least in part claim 1 , of an electrically conductive material selected from a metal; a metal oxide; a metal sulphide; carbon; a semiconductor; and a mixture thereof.3. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the metal deposit has a thickness comprised between 10 μm and 2 mm.4. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the metal deposit has a specific surface area comprised between 1 m/g and 500 m/g.5. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the metal deposit has a porous structure with an average pore size comprised between 10 μm and 500 μm.6. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the surface of the metal deposit is in an oxidized and/or sulphurized form.7. A process for preparing an electrode according to comprising the following successive steps:(i) electrodeposition of copper on at least one part of the surface of an electrically conductive substrate so as to form a metal deposit of said copper on said at least one part of the surface of the electrically conductive substrate, and(ii) oxidation, sulphurization, selenization and/or tellurization of the surface of ...

Nitride Stabilized Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Nitride stabilized metal nanoparticles and methods for their manufacture are disclosed. In one embodiment the metal nanoparticles have a continuous and nonporous noble metal shell with a nitride-stabilized non-noble metal core. The nitride-stabilized core provides a stabilizing effect under high oxidizing conditions suppressing the noble metal dissolution during potential cycling. The nitride stabilized nanoparticles may be fabricated by a process in which a core is coated with a shell layer that encapsulates the entire core. Introduction of nitrogen into the core by annealing produces metal nitride(s) that are less susceptible to dissolution during potential cycling under high oxidizing conditions. 1. A catalyst nanoparticle comprising:a non-noble metal solid solution core, anda continuous and nonporous noble metal shell surrounding the non-noble metal solid solution core;wherein the non-noble metal solid solution core comprises a nitride of a non-noble metal selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), Copper (Cu) and mixtures thereof.2. The catalyst nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst nanoparticle is substantially spherical having an external diameter of less than 20 nm.3. The catalyst nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , the nonporous noble metal shell has a thickness claim 1 , of between 0.5 nm and 3 nm.4. The catalyst nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the nonporous noble metal shell comprises at least one noble metal selected from the group consisting platinum (Pt) claim 1 , palladium (Pd) claim 1 , gold (Au) claim 1 , rhodium (Rh) claim 1 , iridium (Ir) claim 1 , ruthenium (Ru) claim 1 , silver (Ag) claim 1 , rhenium (Re) claim 1 , alloys and combinations thereof.5. The catalyst nanoparticle of claim 4 , wherein the at least one noble metal comprises platinum (Pt).6. The catalyst nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the nonporous noble metal shell comprises 1 to 12 monolayers of platinum (Pt).7. The catalyst ...

POWER STORAGE DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING POWER STORAGE DEVICE

A structure and a method of manufacturing a power storage device with high energy density are provided. An air electrode includes a first current collector; a second current collector having a projecting structure, in contact with the first current collector; and a catalyst layer having 1 to 100 graphene films. Accordingly, the surface area of the air electrode can be significantly large due to an effect of the second current collector, and further, the graphene film can produce a catalytic reaction without using a catalyst such as a noble metal; thus, by employing a structure in which the catalyst layer is provided on the second current collector, the energy density of the power storage device can be improved. 1. A method of manufacturing a power storage device , comprising the steps of:forming a first current collector;forming a second current collector having a projecting structure over the first current collector; andforming a catalyst layer comprising at least one graphene film, on the second current collector,wherein the catalyst layer is formed by a method comprising the steps of:immersing an object comprising the first current collector and the second current collector having the projecting structure and an electrode in a solution including graphene oxide;applying voltage between the object and the electrode in the solution to form a graphene oxide layer over the object; andheating the object in a vacuum or in a reducing atmosphere so that the graphene oxide layer formed over the object is reduced to graphene,wherein the first current collector and the second current collector having the projecting structure are an air electrode, andwherein the air electrode is used as an electrode of the power storage device.2. The method of manufacturing a power storage device according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst layer comprises 1 or more and 100 or less graphene films.3. The method of manufacturing a power storage device according to claim 1 , wherein the first ...

Method and Electrochemical Cell for Synthesis of Electrocatalysts by Growing Metal Monolayers, or Bilayers and Treatment of Metal, Carbon, Oxide and Core-Shell Nanoparticles

An apparatus for the synthesis and treatment of electrocatalyst particles in batch or continuous fashion is provided. In one embodiment, the apparatus is comprised of a three-electrode cell which includes a cell body electrode, a reference electrode and a floating counter electrode. The floating counter electrode may be disposed inside a counter electrode compartment which is adapted to float in a slurry containing a plurality of nanoparticles and an electrolyte. 1. An apparatus for depositing ultrathin films on a plurality of nanoparticles comprising:a cell for holding a slurry containing the plurality of nanoparticles and an electrolyte, the cell comprising an inner cell body made of an electrically conductive material serving as a cell body electrode,a reference electrode,a floating counter electrode, anda stirring controller.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a power supply configured to supply an applied potential to the electrically conductive material of the cell body.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cell is made of a welded Ti sheet and the cell body is covered with RuO.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the power supply is operable to supply a voltage in the range of −1 to +1 Volts.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a stirrer.6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the stirrer is a magnetic stirrer or a mechanical stirrer.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising ultrasonic equipment8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the floating counter electrode is disposed inside a counter electrode compartment which is adapted to float in the slurry containing the plurality of nanoparticles and an electrolyte.9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the counter electrode compartment is made of glass.10. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the wherein the counter electrode compartment comprises fritted glass.11. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the wherein the counter electrode compartment is attached to polystyrene. This ...

LOW-PLATINUM CATALYST BASED ON NITRIDE NANOPARTICLES AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

The present invention discloses a low-platinum catalyst based on nitride nanoparticles and a preparation method thereof. A component of an active metal of the catalyst directly clades on a surface of nitride particles or a surface of nitride particles loaded on a carbon support in an ultrathin atomic layer form. Preparation steps including: preparing a transition-metal ammonia complex first, nitriding the obtained ammonia complex solid under an atmosphere of ammonia gas to obtain nitride nanoparticles; loading the nitride nanoparticles on a surface of a working electrode, depositing an active component on a surface of the nitride nanoparticles by pulsed deposition, to obtain the low platinum loading catalyst using a nitride as a substrate. The catalyst may be used as an anode or a cathode catalyst of a low temperature fuel cell, has very high catalytic activity and stability, can greatly reduce a usage amount of a precious metal in the fuel cell, and greatly reduces a cost of the fuel cell. The present invention has important characteristics of being controllable in deposition amount, simple and convenient to operate, free of protection of inert atmosphere, and etc., and is suitable for large-scale industrial production. 1. A preparation method of a low-platinum catalyst based on nitride nanoparticles , the preparation method comprises following steps:(1) a preparation of the nitride nanoparticles: dissolving one or more transition metal compounds in a non-aqueous solvent, then introducing ammonia gas for 0.5-1 hour, evaporating the solvent at 50-90° C. in a vacuum drying oven to obtain a transition-metal ammonia complex; high temperature nitriding the transition-metal ammonia complex in ammonia gas atmosphere for 3-5 hours to prepare transition-metal nitride nanoparticles; the transition-metal ammonia complex includes an ammonia complex formed by any one of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Nb, Mo or Ta, or a binary or ternary ammonia complex formed by two or more of ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CONTINUOUS REACTOR TYPE CORE-SHELL CATALYST ELECTRODE

The present disclosure provides an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a continuous reactor type core-shell catalyst electrode, which may manufacture a large amount of continuous reactor type core-shell catalyst electrodes by improving coating efficiency of shell metal by using reaction chambers disposed in a circular shape or in a line. The apparatus for manufacturing a continuous reactor type core-shell catalyst electrode according to one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a main body which is provided with a fixed shaft inside thereof and an upper portion of which is opened and closed by being detached from or attached to the fixed shaft; reaction chambers which are disposed plurally in a circular shape inside the main body, store reaction solution inside thereof, are equipped with movable members and counter electrodes, and a lateral portion of which is coupled with a reference electrode; a power transmission member which transmits power to the movable member; a palladium sheet which is moved by the movable member and immersed in the reaction solution as the movable member moves downward; a power supply which applies a voltage to the electrodes; and a solution injection member which injects a copper precursor-containing solution or a platinum precursor-containing solution into the reaction solution. 1. An apparatus for manufacturing a continuous reactor type core-shell catalyst electrode comprising:a main body which is provided with a fixed shaft inside thereof and an upper portion of which is opened and closed by being detached from or attached to the fixed shaft;reaction chambers which are disposed plurally in a circular shape inside the main body, store reaction solution inside thereof, are equipped with movable members and counter electrodes, and a lateral portion of which is coupled with a reference electrode;a power transmission member which transmits power to the movable member;a palladium sheet which is moved by the movable ...

LITHIUM-AIR BATTERY AIR ELECTRODE AND ITS PREPARATION METHOD

The present invention provides a lithium-air battery air electrode, the air electrode comprises: a collector, an in-situ loading catalyst on collector. The invention also provides a preparation method of the air electrode for lithium-air batteries and the lithium-air batteries. The air electrode of the present invention can greatly improve the performance of the lithium-air battery. 1. An air electrode for the lithium-air battery , wherein said air electrode comprises:collector,in-situ catalyst which is loaded in-situ on the collector.2. The air electrode of claim 1 , wherein the air electrode is without binder.3. The air electrode of claim 1 , wherein the collector has a porosity rate of ≧90% claim 1 , 100 to 300 ppi (number of holes/inch) claim 1 , and a pore diameter of 10-500 μm claim 1 , terminated by GB national standards.4. The air electrode of claim 1 , wherein the collector is selected from a porous collector group which has the electron conductivity of 5 to 64 MS/m and the redox potential of −0.250 to −1V claim 1 , determined by metal material conductivity tester and the standard electrode potential method;more preferably, selected from the following collectors:(I) a porous metal collector, preferably metal Ni foam, Ti foam, Au foam or Pt foam; or(II) a porous non-metallic collector, preferably C foam or porous Si.5. The air electrode of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has an oxygen evolution reaction potential of 3.1-4.5 V and an oxygen reduction potential range of 2.5-3.1 V claim 1 , determined by cyclic voltammetric method.6. The air electrode of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has a loading amount of 1-10 mg (catalyst)/1 cm(collector).7. The air electrode of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has a volume equivalent diameter of 100 nm-1000 nm.8. A method for preparation of a air electrode of a lithium-air battery of claim 1 , comprising:(A) providing the collector;(B) loading the in-situ on the collector.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the step (B) is an ...

Low-platinum catalyst based on nitride nanoparticles and preparation method thereof

A low-platinum catalyst based on nitride nanoparticles and a preparation method thereof. A component of an active metal of the catalyst directly clades on a surface of nitride particles or a surface of nitride particles loaded on a carbon support in an ultrathin atomic layer form. Preparation steps including: preparing a transition-metal ammonia complex first, nitriding the obtained ammonia complex solid under an atmosphere of ammonia gas to obtain nitride nanoparticles; loading the nitride nanoparticles on a surface of a working electrode, depositing an active component on a surface of the nitride nanoparticles by pulsed deposition, to obtain the low platinum loading catalyst using a nitride as a substrate. The catalyst may be used as an anode or a cathode catalyst of a low temperature fuel cell.

SEPARATORS, ELECTRODES, HALF-CELLS, AND CELLS OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES

Electrodes, separators, half-cells, and full cells of electrical energy storage devices are made with electrospinning and isostatic compression. The electrical energy storage device may include electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs, also known as “supercapacitors”), hybrid supercapacitors (“HSCs”), Li-ion capacitors and electrochemical storage devices, Na-ion capacitors and electrochemical storage devices, polymer electrolyte fuel cells, and still other capacitors and electrochemical storage cells. 1. A method of manufacturing a component for energy storage devices , the method comprising steps of:preparing a first solution of a first polymer in one or more solvents;electrospinning the first solution in a DC electric field between 0.5 kV/cm and 1.5 kV/cm using a pumping rate of between 0.5 ml/h per needle and 5 ml/h per needle;collecting fibers resulting from the step of electrospinning to obtain a separator;providing a charge carrier material;providing a second polymer binder;forming a suspension of the charge carrier material and the second polymer binder in a second solvent;electrospinning the suspension onto the separator by drop-wise feeding the suspension in a DC electric field of between 1.0 kV/cm and 1.8 kV/cm, thereby depositing an electrode onto the separator and obtaining a separator-electrode combination; andisostatically compressing in three dimensions the separator-electrode combination, thereby obtaining the component.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a step of drying the electrode of the separator-electrode combination claim 1 , wherein the step of drying is performed after the step of electrospinning the suspension and before the step of isostatically compressing.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein:concentration of the first polymer in the first solution is between 5 and 35 percent by weight;the second solvent comprises a mixture of dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetone; andconcentration of DMF in the second solvent is between 75 ...

Method for depositing a layer of material onto a metallic support for fuel cells or electrolysis cells

A method for depositing a layer of material on a metallic support for fuel cells or electrolysis cells includes the steps of preparing the surface of the metallic support, preparing an apparatus for an electrolytic bath, with the relative actuation means of the apparatus, including an aqueous solution with the cations necessary to obtain at least one material, dipping the metallic support into the electrolytic bath, and commanding the actuation means of the electrolytic bath so as to selectively carry out the electrochemical deposition of at least one layer of material on the metallic support, the layer of material includes an anti-corrosion protective ceramic material and/or a ceramic material with catalytic properties. 2. The method according to claim 1 , comprising a step of washing the metallic support claim 1 , after the deposition of the layer of material claim 1 , to eliminate residues of the aqueous solution.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said layer of material comprises a ceramic material with anti-corrosion protection properties and/or catalytic properties.4. The method according to claim 1 , comprising a step of carrying out a heat treatment of said metallic support to promote the consolidation of the layer of material on it.5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising a step of periodically modifying the concentration of the cations in said electrolytic bath so as to obtain different layers of material of different composition and/or mixtures of different materials.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said layer of material comprises a ceramic material claim 1 , such as: cerium oxide claim 1 , or a mixture of cerium oxide and metallic oxide claim 1 , or another material of equivalent properties of protection against corrosion claim 1 , of a barrier against the interdiffusion of elements between metallic support and the electrolyte and/or the anode claim 1 , and of electrical conductivity.7. The method according to claim 1 ...

Stable Catalyst Ink Formulations, Methods of Using Such Inks in Fiber Formation, and Articles Comprising Such Fibers

The present invention relates to stable catalyst ink formulations comprising am electrospinning polymer selected from halogen-comprising polymers. The present invention further relates to electrospinning of such ink formulation, to the so-obtained electrospun fibrous mat as well as to articles comprising such electrospun fibrous mat. 1. Ink formulation comprising(i) metal supported on a carrier,(ii) an ionomer,(iii) an electrospinning polymer selected from the group of halogen-comprising polymers, and(iv) a solvent.2. Ink formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of Sc claim 1 , Y claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Hf claim 1 , V claim 1 , Nb claim 1 , Ta claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , W claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Ru claim 1 , Os claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Rh claim 1 , Ir claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Pd claim 1 , Pt claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , Au claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Cd claim 1 , Hg claim 1 , lanthanides claim 1 , actinides and any blend thereof.3. Ink formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the carrier is selected from the group consisting of carbon claim 1 , silica claim 1 , metal oxides claim 1 , metal halides and any blend thereof.4. Ink formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the ionomer comprises electrically neutral repeating units and ionized or ionizable repeating units.5. Ink formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the halogen-comprising polymer comprises fluorine claim 1 , chlorine or both claim 1 , fluorine and chlorine.6. Ink formulation according to claim 5 , wherein the halogen-comprising polymer comprises an alkanediyl monomer unit of general formula (III){'br': None, 'sub': 2', '4-p-q-r', 'p', 'q', 'r, 'sup': 1', '2', '3, '*—[CHYYY]—*\u2003\u2003(III)'}whereinp is selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, 3 and 4;q is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2 and 3;r is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2 and 3;{'sup': '1', 'Yis fluorine;'}{'sup': '2', 'Yis chlorine; and'}{' ...

ELECTROCATALYSTS, THE PREPARATION THEREOF, AND USING THE SAME FOR FUEL CELLS

Compositions comprised of a tin film, coated by a shell of less than 50 nm thick made of palladium and tin in a molar ratio ranging from 1:4 to 3:1, respectively, are disclosed. Uses of the compositions as an electro-catalyst e.g., in a fuel cell, and particularly for the oxidation of various materials are also disclosed. 1. A composition , comprising a tin (Sn) film , wherein said Sn film is coated by a shell , wherein said shell:comprises palladium (Pd) and Sn, wherein the Pd: Sn molar ratio is in the range of 1:4 to 3:1, respectively; andis characterized by a thickness of less than 50 nm.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said thickness is in the range of 2 nm to 10 nm.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said shell further comprises a platinum (Pt).4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein said Pt and said Sn are present in the shell in a molar ratio of 2:1 to 1:1 claim 3 , respectively.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the shell is in the form of crystals having a median crystallite size in the range of 3.5 to 6 nm.6. The composition of claim 3 , characterized by an X-Ray Powder Diffraction which is devoid of peaks at positions that correspond to a pristine oxide of at least one element selected from Pt claim 3 , Pd claim 3 , and Sn.7. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a substrate claim 1 , wherein said Sn film:(a) is deposited on at least one surface of said substrate;(b) is coated by said shell.8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein said substrate is in the form of plurality of nanoparticles (NPs) claim 7 , wherein said plurality of NPs is characterized by a median size of from about 1 to about 50 nanometers.9. The composition of claim 7 , wherein said substrate is a material selected from a carbon claim 7 , a metal oxide claim 7 , a polymer claim 7 , or any combination thereof.10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein said carbon is selected from the group consisting of activated carbon claim 9 , graphite claim 9 , carbon nanotube ...

OXYGEN ELECTRODE AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Various embodiments provide a method of manufacturing an oxygen electrode. The method comprises: providing an electrically conductive substrate; depositing an electrocatalyst layer on the substrate; and intercalating alkali-metal ions into the catalyst layer. Some other embodiments provide an oxygen electrode manufactured in accordance with the method and a metal-air battery, a regenerative H—Ofuel cell, a direct fuel cell, and an electrochemical cell comprising the oxygen electrode. 1. A method of manufacturing an oxygen electrode , the method comprising:(a) providing an electrically conductive substrate;(b) depositing an electrocatalyst layer on the substrate; and(c) intercalating alkali-metal ions into the electrocatalyst layer, wherein the intercalation is electric potential driven and the alkali-metal ions are provided by an alkali-metal salt dissolved in an aqueous solution.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrocatalyst layer comprises at least one of the following: manganese oxide claim 1 , a perovskite claim 1 , and an oxide having a fluorite-related structure.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the perovskite is lanthanum cobalt oxide with the formula LaCoO claim 2 , where x is between 0.1 to 5.4. The method of wherein the perovskite is lanthanum nickel oxide with the formula LaNiOwhere x is between 0.1 to 5.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the oxide having a fluorite-related structure is neodymium iridium oxide with the formula NdIrO claim 2 , where x is between 0.1 to 5 and y is between 0.1 to 10.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (b) comprises depositing the electrocatalyst layer on the substrate using an anodic electrodeposition process in the presence of a surfactant.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the surfactant is at least one of the following: sodium dodecyl sulfate claim 6 , hexadecyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide claim 6 , and Triton X-100.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the anodic electrodeposition process is performed at a ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A MINIATURIZED ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL AND A MINIATURIZED ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

A miniaturized electrochemical cell and a method for making it are provided. The method includes preparing at least one inner electrode of an electron conducting or semi-conducting material M; providing a hollow support made of an electrically insulating material M and having at least one internal hollow channel; depositing on the external surface of the support a layer of an electrically conducting material M; forming a template of colloidal particles of an electrically insulating material M, on the M layer; depositing a layer of an electrically conducting material M on the M layer; depositing a layer L of an electron conducting or semi-conducting material M on the M layer, introducing the at least one inner electrode into the at least one internal hollow channel of the obtained structure; stabilizing the structure at its two open ends with an electrically insulating material M; and removing M, M, M and M materials. 1: A method for manufacturing a miniaturized electrode cell of coaxial electrodes comprising at least one inner electrode and an outer electrode , the method comprising:{'sub': '1', 'a) preparing the at least one inner electrode made of an electron conducting or semi-conducting material M,'}{'sub': '6', 'b) providing a hollow support made of an electrically insulating material M, the support having at least one internal hollow channel, the dimensions of the at least one internal hollow channel being higher than external dimensions of the inner electrode, and thickness of walls of the support being at least equal to width of a gap which is desired between the coaxial electrodes,'}{'sub': '2', 'c) depositing on an external surface of the support a layer of an electrically conducting material Mby an electroless deposition method,'}{'sub': 3', '2, 'd) forming a template of colloidal particles made of an electrically insulating material Mon the layer of e electrically conducting material M,'}{'sub': 4', '2, 'e) depositing a layer of an electrically ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING CORE-SHELL CATALYST

The disclosure is to provide a method for producing a core-shell catalyst that is able to increase the power generation performance of a membrane electrode assembly. A dispersion is prepared, in which a palladium-containing particle support, in which palladium-containing particles are supported on an electroconductive support, is dispersed in water; hydrogen gas is bubbled into the dispersion; the palladium-containing particles are acid treated after the bubbling; copper is deposited on the surface of the palladium-containing particles by applying a potential that is nobler than the oxidation reduction potential of copper to the palladium-containing particles in a copper ion-containing electrolyte after the acid treatment; and then a shell is formed by substituting the copper deposited on the surface of the palladium-containing particles with platinum by bringing the copper deposited on the surface of the palladium-containing particles into contact with a platinum ion-containing solution. 1. A method for producing a core-shell catalyst comprising a core containing palladium and a shell containing platinum and covering the core , a step of preparing a dispersion in which a palladium-containing particle support, in which palladium-containing particles are supported on an electroconductive support, is dispersed in water;', 'a bubbling step of bubbling hydrogen gas into the dispersion;', 'an acid treatment step of acid treating the palladium-containing particles after the bubbling step;', 'a copper deposition step of depositing copper on the surface of the palladium-containing particles by applying a potential that is nobler than the oxidation reduction potential of copper to the palladium-containing particles in a copper ion-containing electrolyte after the acid treatment step; and', 'a substitution step of forming the shell by substituting the copper deposited on the surface of the palladium-containing particles after the copper deposition step with platinum by ...

TIN-BASED CATALYSTS, THE PREPARATION THEREOF, AND FUEL CELLS USING THE SAME

A composition comprised of a tin (Sn) or lead (Pb) film, wherein the film is coated by a shell, wherein the shell: (a) is comprised of an active metal, and (b) is characterized by a thickness of less than 50 nm, is discloses herein. Further disclosed herein is the use of the composition for the oxidation of e.g., methanol, ethanol, formic acid, formaldehyde, dimethyl ether, methyl formate, and glucose. 1. A composition comprising a film comprising an element selected from the group consisting of: tin (Sn) , lead (Pb) , or a combination thereof , wherein said film is coated by a shell , wherein said shell: (a) comprises an active metal , and (b) is characterized by a thickness of less than 50 nm.2. The composition of wherein said element is Sn.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said thickness is in the range of 2 nm to 10 nm.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said active metal is selected from the group consisting of: platinum (Pt) claim 1 , palladium (Pd) claim 1 , or an alloy or a combination thereof.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said shell further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of Sn claim 1 , ruthenium (Ru) claim 1 , selenium (Se) claim 1 , or a combination thereof.6. A composition comprising:a film comprising an element selected from the group consisting of: tin (Sn), lead (Pb), or a combination thereof;a material comprising one or more active metal nanoparticles (NPs), anda substrate,wherein said film:(a) is deposited on at least one surface of said substrate;(b) is coated by said material comprising said one or more active metal NPs.7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein said element is Sn.8. The composition of claim 6 , wherein said active metal is selected from the group consisting of: platinum (Pt) claim 6 , palladium (Pd) claim 6 , or a combination thereof.9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein said Pt claim 8 , and Pd are in a molar ratio of from 3:1 to 1:3 claim 8 , respectively.10. The composition of claim ...

CATHODE, LITHIUM-AIR BATTERY INCLUDING THE SAME, AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME

A cathode configured to use oxygen as a cathode active material includes: a porous electrically conductive framework substrate; and a coating layer disposed on a surface of the porous electrically conductive framework substrate, wherein the coating layer includes at least one of a lithium-containing metal oxide or a composite including a lithium-containing metal oxide, and wherein a porosity of the porous electrically conductive framework substrate is about 70 percent to about 99 percent, based on a total volume of the cathode, and an areal resistance of the porous electrically conductive framework substrate is about 0.01 milliohms per square centimeter to about 100 milliohms per square centimeter. 1. A cathode configured to use oxygen as a cathode active material , the cathode comprising:a porous electrically conductive framework substrate; anda coating layer disposed on a surface of the porous electrically conductive framework substrate,wherein the coating layer comprises at least one of a lithium-containing metal oxide or a composite comprising a lithium-containing metal oxide,wherein a porosity of the porous electrically conductive framework substrate is about 70 percent to about 99 percent, based on a total volume of the cathode, andwherein an areal resistance of the porous electrically conductive framework substrate is about 0.01 milliohms per square centimeter to about 100 milliohms per square centimeter.2. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the porous electrically conductive framework substrate is in a range of about 1 micrometer to about 500 micrometers.3. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the porous electrically conductive framework substrate comprises a fibrous framework claim 1 ,wherein the fibrous framework comprises a plurality of fibers, andwherein an average diameter of a fiber of the fibrous framework is in a range of about 0.1 micrometer to about 10 micrometers.4. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the porous electrically conductive ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING DISPERSION LIQUID FOR ELECTRODE CATALYST, DISPERSION LIQUID FOR ELECTRODE CATALYST, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ELECTRODE CATALYST, ELECTRODE CATALYST, ELECTRODE STRUCTURE, MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY, FUEL CELL AND AIR CELL

A method of manufacturing a dispersion liquid for an electrode catalyst, the method comprising a step of supporting a precious metal on the surface of a carrier by an electrodeposition process using a raw material mixed solution in which a particulate carrier is dispersed in a solvent and a compound including the precious metal element is dissolved in the solvent, wherein the carrier has oxygen reduction capability and is free of precious metal elements. 1. A method of manufacturing a dispersion liquid for an electrode catalyst , the method comprising: a step of supporting a precious metal on a surface of a carrier by an electrodeposition process using a raw material mixed solution in which a particulate carrier is dispersed in a solvent and a compound including the precious metal element is dissolved in the solvent ,wherein the carrier has oxygen reduction capability and is free of precious metal elements.2. The method of manufacturing a dispersion liquid for an electrode catalyst according to claim 1 ,wherein the electrodeposition process is performed by photodeposition.3. The method of manufacturing a dispersion liquid for an electrode catalyst according to claim 1 ,wherein the precious metal element is at least one precious metal element selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Au, Ir and Ru.4. A dispersion liquid for an electrode catalyst obtained by the method of manufacturing a dispersion liquid for an electrode catalyst according to .5. A method of manufacturing an electrode catalyst claim 1 , the method comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00004', 'claim 4'}, 'removing the solvent from the dispersion liquid according to to obtain an electrode catalyst.'}6. An electrode catalyst obtained by the method of manufacturing an electrode catalyst according to .7. An electrode catalyst comprising:a particulate carrier having oxygen reduction capability and being free of precious metal elements; andprecious metal particles which are supported on a surface of ...

Porous metal body, fuel cell, and method for producing porous metal body

A plate-like porous metal body having a three-dimensional mesh-like structure and containing nickel (Ni). The content of the nickel in the porous metal body is 50% by mass or more. The porous metal body has a thickness of 0.10 mm or more and 0.50 mm or less.

Cathode for Lithium-Air Battery, Method Of Manufacturing The Same, And Lithium-Air Battery Comprising The Same

This invention relates to a cathode for a lithium-air battery, a method of manufacturing the same and a lithium-air battery including the same. The method of manufacturing the cathode for a lithium-air battery includes 1) stirring a cobalt salt, triethanolamine and distilled water, thus preparing a cobalt solution, 2) electroplating the cobalt solution on a porous support, thus preparing a cobalt plated porous support, 3) reacting the cobalt plated porous support with a mixture solution including oxalic acid, water and ethanol, thus forming cobalt oxalate on the porous support, and 4) thermally treating the cobalt oxalate. 1. A method of manufacturing a cathode for a lithium-air battery , comprising:1) stirring a cobalt salt, triethanolamine and distilled water, thus preparing a cobalt solution;2) electroplating the cobalt solution on a porous support, thus preparing a cobalt plated porous support;3) reacting the cobalt plated porous support with a mixture solution comprising oxalic acid, water and ethanol, thus forming cobalt oxalate on the porous support; and4) thermally treating the cobalt oxalate.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising cooling a product obtained in 4).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the cobalt salt is 0.05˜0.5 M based on the distilled water.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the triethanolamine is 0.1˜1 M based on the distilled water.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the porous support is provided in a form of foam claim 1 , mesh or foil having holes.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electroplating is performed at a current of 1˜100 mA cm.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a volume ratio of the water relative to the ethanol in the mixture solution is 0.01˜0.5.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein a volume ratio of the water relative to the ethanol in the mixture solution is 0.03˜0.3.9. A cathode for a lithium-air battery claim 1 , comprising cobalt oxide having a spinel structure.10. The cathode ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING CORE-SHELL CATALYST

A core-shell catalyst with high platinum mass activity for a short period of time. The method for producing a core-shell catalyst may comprise a core containing palladium and a shell containing platinum and coating the core, the method comprising: a step of preparing a copper-coated palladium-containing particle dispersion in which copper-coated palladium-containing particles are dispersed, the particles being palladium-containing particles coated with copper; a step of preparing a platinum ion-containing solution; a step of preparing a microreactor; and a substitution step of forming the shell by substituting the copper on the copper-coated palladium-containing particle surface with platinum by mixing the copper-coated palladium-containing particle dispersion and the platinum ion-containing solution in the microreactor. 1. A method for producing a core-shell catalyst comprising a core containing palladium and a shell containing platinum and coating the core ,the method comprising:a step of preparing a copper-coated palladium-containing particle dispersion in which copper-coated palladium-containing particles are dispersed, the particles being palladium-containing particles coated with copper;a step of preparing a platinum ion-containing solution; anda substitution step of forming the shell by substituting the copper on the copper-coated palladium-containing particle surface with platinum by mixing the copper-coated palladium-containing particle dispersion and the platinum ion-containing solution in a microreactor.2. The method for producing the core-shell catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the palladium-containing particles are supported on a support.3. The method for producing the core-shell catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the platinum ion-containing solution comprises a reaction inhibitor for inhibiting a substitution reaction of platinum ions with the copper and the platinum.4. The method for producing the core-shell catalyst according to claim 3 , ...

Printed biofuel cells

Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for implementing a biofuel cell device for extracting energy from a biofuel. In one aspect, a biofuel cell device includes a substrate, an anode including a catalyst to facilitate the conversion of a fuel in a biological fluid in an oxidative process that releases electrons captured at the anode, thereby extracting energy from the fuel substance, a cathode configured on the substrate adjacent to the anode and separated from the anode by a spacing region, and a load electrically coupled to the anode and cathode via electrical interconnects to obtain the extracted energy as electrical energy.

Flow battery start-up and recovery management

A start-up plating process for a flow cell battery is disclosed. Upon start-up of the flow-cell stack, catalysts may have deplated from the electrodes. The catalyst is replated to the electrode by application of currents to the stack prior to circulating electrolyte fluids.

Apparatus and Method for the Synthesis and Treatment of Metal Monolayer Electrocatalyst Particles in Batch or Continuous Fashion

An apparatus and method for the synthesis and treatment of electrocatalyst particles in batch or continuous fashion is provided. In one embodiment, the apparatus is comprised of a three-electrode cell which includes a reference electrode, a counter electrode, and a working electrode. The working electrode is preferably a cylindrical vessel having an electrically conductive region. The electrode assembly is introduced into a slurry containing metal ions and a plurality of particles. During operation an electrical potential is applied and the working electrode is rotated at a predetermined speed. When particles in the slurry collide with the electrically conductive region the transferred charge facilitates deposition of an adlayer of the desired metal. In this manner film growth can commence on a large number of particles simultaneously. This process is especially suitable as a commercial thin film deposition process for forming catalytically active layers on nanoparticles for use in energy conversion devices. 115-. (canceled)161. A method of forming a film on a plurality of microparticles or nanoparticles by electrodeposition , the method comprising: (a) preparing a slurry comprising the plurality of microparticles or nanoparticles and an electrolyte having a predetermined concentration , of ions of a material to be deposited as an adlayer; (in contacting with the slurry the apparatus according to claim ; (c) rotating the first electrode at a predetermined rotational speed: and (d) applying a predetermined potential to the electrically conducive section of the first electrode tor a predetermined duration.17. The method of wherein the first electrode is rotated at a rotational speed of 100 rotations per minute.18. The method of wherein the applied potential is between −1 and +1 Volts.19. The method of wherein the predetermined duration is between 10 minutes and 2 hours.20. The method of wherein an adlayer of up to one monolayer is deposited on the surface of the ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A MINIATURIZED ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL AND A MINIATURIZED ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

A method for manufacturing a miniaturized electrochemical cell and a miniaturized electrochemical cell is provided. The method includes the following steps: a) forming a colloidal template of colloidal particles made of an electrically insulating material, on a substrate made of an electrically conducting material, b) depositing by electrodeposition in the void spaces of the colloidal template, at least three alternating layers forming a repeating unit, the alternating layers being made of an electron conducting material or a semi -conducting material, the intermediate layer(s) being made of a material Mdifferent from materials Mand Mconstituting respectively the upper and lower layers, the material M having a standard potential lower than the standard potentials of the materials Mand M, c) removal of the material Mof intermediate layer(s), and d) removal of the colloidal particles of the upper and lower layers to obtain the desired electrodes. 1. A method for manufacturing a miniaturized electrochemical cell consisting of porous electrodes the method comprising the following steps:a) formation of a colloidal template of colloidal particles made of an electrically insulating material, on a substrate made of an electrically conducting material,{'sub': 3', '1', '2', '3', '1', '2, 'b) depositing by electrodeposition in the void spaces, of the colloidal template, at least three alternating layers forming a repeating unit, these three alternating layers being made of an electron conducting material or of a semi-conducting material, the intermediate layer(s) being made of a material Mdifferent from the materials Mand Mconstituting respectively the upper and lower layers and being the materials suitable for the electrodes, the material Mhaving a standard potential lower than the standard potentials of the materials Mand M,'}{'sub': '3', 'c) removal of the material Mof intermediate layer(s), and'}d) removal of the colloidal particles of the upper and lower layers thereby ...

Method for decomposing and purifying biomass, organic material or inorganic material with high efficiency and simultaneously generating electricity and producing hydrogen, and direct biomass, organic material or inorganic material fuel cell for said method

[TECHNICAL PROBLEM] The present invention relates to a method for highly efficiently decomposing and purifying biomass, organic/inorganic compounds, waste, waste fluids, and environmental pollutants, by harnessing a catalyst action without applying any light, and simultaneously generate electricity. [SOLUTION TO PROBLEM] In the invention, first provided a composite three-layered anode which has a constitution of conductive electrode base layer, porous semiconductor layer, and catalyst layer, and then immersed the composite anode in a liquid phase such as an aqueous solution or suspension that contains as the fuel at least one of or a mixture of biomass, biomass waste, and organic/inorganic compounds, and a counter cathode is disposed for oxygen reduction in the liquid phase, and oxygen is supplied into the liquid phase and thereby conducted the fuel cell reaction and the fuel is decomposed and electricity is generated without applying external energy.

ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF METHANE TO METHANOL

This invention provides an electrochemical system for manufacturing methanol from methane in good yields and without admixtures of methanol oxidation products. A fuel cell for methane or methanol utilization is also provided. 1. An electrochemical cell for oxidizing methane (CH) to methanol (CHOH) , comprising{'sub': '2', 'i) an electrode comprising nickel in an oxidized form selected from the group consisting of nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)), nickel oxide hydroxide (NiOOH), and nickel foam;'}ii) an electrolyte comprising a base, such as a hydroxide or carbonate comprising solution, in contact with said electrode;{'sub': 4', '4, 'iii) pressurized CHsource configured to deliver gaseous CHto the electrode surface;'}iv) voltage source connected with said electrode; and{'sub': '3', 'v) means for reducing thermodynamic activity of CHOH near the surface of said electrode;'}{'sub': '3', 'wherein said cell produces CHOH when an electric current flows through the cell.'}2. The cell of claim 1 , wherein said electrode comprises Ni(OH)/NiOOH grown on its surface from a precursor.3. The cell of claim 1 , wherein said electrode comprises Ni(OH)/NiOOH grown electrolytically on its surface from a nickel foam precursor.4. The cell of claim 1 , wherein said electrolyte comprises an aqueous base claim 1 , such as KOH claim 1 , NaOH claim 1 , KCO claim 1 , or NaCO claim 1 , at a concentration of at least 1 mM.5. The cell of claim 1 , wherein said methane source comprises a pressurized CHcontainer and a dispersal means for delivering and dispersing the CHgas on the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte or through an electrode porous structure (such as provided by carbon paper serving as a gas diffusion electrode).6. The cell of claim 1 , wherein said voltage source is configured to provide stable and high-output voltage between 0.5 and 1.5V.7. The cell of claim 1 , wherein said means for reducing thermodynamic activity of CHOH comprises a distillation unit.8. The cell of ...

DUAL FIBER ELECTRODE MATS FOR BATTERIES AND APPLICATIONS OF SAME

A dual fiber mat for making an electrode includes first nanofibers and second nanofibers. The first fibers contain particles for electrochemical reaction and a binder. The second fibers contain particles for electron conduction and a binder. For a Li-ion battery anode, the first fibers include a polymer binder composed of an electron conducting polyfluorene derivative polymer (PFM or PEFM) or PVDF or PAA and silicon nanoparticles or silicon nanorods embedded in the binder. For a Li-ion battery cathode, the first fibers include a binder composed of an electron conducting polymer (PFM or PEFM) or PAA or PVDF and LiCoO2 or LiFePO4 or Li2MnO3 particles embedded in the binder. The second nanofibers include a PFM or PEFM binder or non-conductive polymer binder and electrically conductive nanoparticles embedded in the binder. The dual fiber mat has a thickness in a range of about 50-1000 μm. 1. A multiple fiber mat for making an electrode , comprising:a first type of nanofibers comprising an electrically conductive nanoparticles embedded in a polymer binder; andone or more types of nanofibers comprising one or more electrochemically active nanoparticles with one or more polymer binders,where the one or more types of nanofibers and the first type of nanofiber are distinguishable in terms of particle/polymer compositions.2. The multiple fiber mat of claim 1 , wherein the multiple fiber mat has a thickness of about 5-1000 μm.3. The multiple fiber mat of claim 1 , wherein the multiple fiber mat is a dual fiber mat composed of two different types of fibers claim 1 , and the dual fiber mat comprises:the first type of type of nanofibers, comprising a polyfluorene derivative polymer (PFM or PEFM) and silicon nanoparticles embedded in the PFM or PEFM; anda second type of nanofibers, comprising a non-conductive polymer binder and electrically conductive nanoparticles embedded in the non-conductive polymer binder.4. The dual fiber mat of claim 3 , wherein the dual fiber mat has a ...

NANOMANUFACTURING OF METALLIC GLASSES FOR ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE

The present application relates to systems and methods for forming catalysts for use in fuel cells, other energy storage/generation devices, and other applications where catalysts may be used. In embodiments, a catalyst comprising one or more metallic glass structures may be formed by disposing a porous mold in a plating bath comprising one or more dissolved metal salts. An electrodeposition process may be initiated by applying current to the plating bath, where the electrodeposition process forms the one or more metallic glass structures within pores of the porous mold. One or more sensors may be used to monitor one or more properties of the electrodeposition process during the application of the current to the plating bath, and the one or more properties of the electrode-position process may be controlled, based on the monitoring of the one or more parameters, to adjust one or more characteristics of the metallic glass structures. 1. A method for forming a catalyst comprising one or more metallic glass structures , the method comprising:disposing a porous mold in a plating bath comprising one or more dissolved metal salts;forming, via an electrodeposition process, the catalyst comprising the one or more metallic glass structures within pores of the porous mold, the electrodeposition process comprising applying a current to an anode disposed in the plating bath;monitoring, via one or more sensors, one or more properties of the electrodeposition process during the application of the current; andcontrolling the one or more properties of the electrodeposition process based on the monitoring to adjust one or more characteristics of the metallic glass structures.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more dissolved metal salts comprise palladium-based salts claim 1 , platinum-based salts claim 1 , gold-based salts claim 1 , nickel-based salts claim 1 , copper-based salts claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING A FUEL CELL ELECTRODE MEMBRANE ASSEMBLY BY MEANS OF ELECTRODEPOSITION

A method of preparing by electrodeposition a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell, including the steps of: 1. A method of preparing by electrodeposition a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell , comprising the steps of:depositing a composition containing at least one precursor of a transition metal and electronically-conductive particles, on a main surface of a proton exchange membrane;drying the deposit;positioning the proton exchange membrane in an electrodeposition cell;reducing the transition metal precursor made of transition metal particles having a degree of oxidation equal to 0, by flowing of an electric current through the electrodeposition cell;obtaining a membrane electrode assembly having its proton exchange membrane comprising a main surface containing particles of the transition metal having a degree of oxidation equal to 0.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the proton exchange membrane is made of a material selected from the group comprising perfluorosulfonic acid polymers.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal precursor is anionic and halogen-free.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal precursor is selected from the group comprising H[Pt(OH)]; H[Pt(NO)SO]; (NO)[Pt(NH)]; H[PtCl]; and mixtures thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reduction of the transition metal precursor is performed at a potential in the range from −0.2 to 1.1 volt.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition containing at least one precursor of a transition metal also comprises at least one compound selected from the group comprising:an ionomer;a solvent; anda humectant.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is deposited by spraying.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the main surface of the proton exchange membrane having the composition deposited thereon comprises from 50 to 500 micrograms of transition metal per square centimeter at the end of the reduction step.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the main ...

CNT SHEET SUBSTRATES AND TRANSITION METALS DEPOSITED ON SAME

The present subject matter relates generally to the derivatization of highly-aligned carbon nanotube sheet substrates with one or more transition metal centers and to uses of the resulting metal-derivatized CNT sheet substrates. 1. A CNT sheet or CNT substrate derivatized with one or more metal centers selected from the group of Cu , Pt , Ru , Ti , Pd , Sn , Ag , Au , CuO , CuO , TiO , PdO , SnO , AgO , AuO , Ag/Ti , Pt/Ru , Ag/TiO , Sn/TiO , Pt/TiO , Au/TiO , and Pt/AlO.2. The CNT sheet or CNT substrate of wherein said one or more metal centers comprises one or more of Cu claim 1 , Pt claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , Pd claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , Au claim 1 , Ag/Ti and Pt/Ru.3. The CNT sheet or CNT substrate of wherein said one or more metal centers comprises one or more of Cu claim 2 , Ti claim 2 , Pt claim 2 , Ag claim 2 , and Au.4. The CNT sheet or CNT substrate of wherein said one or more metal centers comprises Cu.5. The CNT sheet or CNT substrate of wherein said one or more metal centers comprises one or more of CuO claim 1 , CuO claim 1 , TiO claim 1 , PdO claim 1 , SnO claim 1 , AgO claim 1 , and AuO.6. The CNT sheet or CNT substrate of wherein said one or more metal centers comprises TiO.7. The CNT sheet or CNT substrate of wherein said one or more metal centers comprises one or more of Ag/TiO claim 1 , Sn/TiO claim 1 , Pt/TiO claim 1 , Au/TiO claim 1 , and Pt/AlO.8. The CNT sheet or CNT substrate of wherein said one or more metal centers comprises Ag/TiO.9. A catalyst comprising the CNT sheet or CNT substrate of .10. The catalyst of claim 9 , wherein said catalyst is an electrocatalyst.11. The catalyst of claim 9 , wherein said catalyst is a photoelectrocatalyst.12. A method of converting carbon dioxide to one or more of carbon monoxide claim 1 , methane claim 1 , ethane claim 1 , higher order hydrocarbons or a combination thereof comprising exposing said carbon dioxide to a catalyst comprising the CNT sheet or CNT substrate of .13. A method of preparing a CNT sheet or ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING CORE-SHELL CATALYST PARTICLES

The present invention is to provide a method for producing core-shell catalyst particles with high catalytic activity per unit mass of platinum. Disclosed is a method for producing core-shell catalyst particles including a core containing palladium and a shell containing platinum and covering the shell, wherein the method includes: a step of depositing copper on the surface of the palladium-containing particles by applying a potential that is nobler than the oxidation-reduction potential of copper to the palladium-containing particles in a copper ion-containing electrolyte, and a step of forming the shell by, after the copper deposition step and inside the reaction system kept at −3° C. or more and 10° C. or less, substituting the copper deposited on the surface of the palladium-containing particles with platinum by bringing the copper into contact with a platinum ion-containing solution in which platinum ions and a reaction inhibitor that inhibits a substitution reaction between the copper and the platinum, are contained. 1. A method for producing core-shell catalyst particles comprising a core containing palladium and a shell containing platinum and covering the shell , a step of depositing copper on the surface of the palladium-containing particles by applying a potential that is nobler than the oxidation-reduction potential of copper to the palladium-containing particles in a copper ion-containing electrolyte, and', 'a step of forming the shell by, after the copper deposition step and inside the reaction system kept at −3° C. or more and 10° C. or less, substituting the copper deposited on the surface of the palladium-containing particles with platinum by bringing the copper into contact with a platinum ion-containing solution in which platinum ions and a reaction inhibitor that inhibits a substitution reaction between the copper and the platinum, are contained,, 'wherein the method comprisesandwherein the reaction inhibitor is at least one selected from the ...

Roll-to-Roll Fabrication of High Performance Fuel Cell Electrode with Core-Shell Catalyst Using Seeded Electrodes

A method for forming a fuel cell catalyst includes a step of forming an ionomer-containing layer including carbon particles and an ionomer. Tungsten-nickel alloy particles are formed on the carbon particles. At least a portion of the nickel in the tungsten-nickel alloy particles is replaced with palladium to form palladium-coated particles. The palladium-coated particles include a palladium shell covering the tungsten-nickel alloy particles. The palladium-coated particles are coated with platinum to form an electrode layer including core shell catalysts distributed therein. 1. A method for forming a fuel cell catalyst , the method comprising:a) forming an ionomer-containing layer including carbon particles and an ionomer;b) forming tungsten-nickel alloy particles on the carbon particles;c) replacing at least a portion of the nickel in the tungsten-nickel alloy particles with palladium to form palladium-coated particles, the palladium-coated particles having a palladium shell covering the tungsten-nickel alloy particles; andd) coating the palladium-coated particles with platinum to form an electrode layer including core shell catalysts distributed therein.2. The method of wherein the ionomer-containing layer is formed on a gas diffusion layer.3. The method of wherein the ionomer-containing layer further includes tungsten metal supported on the carbon particles.4. The method of wherein the tungsten metal supported on the carbon particles allows uniform tungsten-nickel alloy formation in step b).5. The method of wherein the tungsten-nickel alloy electrochemically formed is step b) from a solution including a nickel-containing salt and a tungsten-containing salt.6. The method of wherein the nickel-containing salt is NiSOor (Ni)(PO).7. The method of wherein the tungsten-containing salt is a metal tungstate.8. The method of wherein the tungsten-nickel alloy is electrochemically formed using a constant current or multiple current pulses.9. The method of wherein steps a) ...

ION CONDUCTING NANOFIBER FUEL CELL ELECTRODES

The present invention is directed to methods of making a nanofiber-nanoparticle network to be used as electrodes of fuel cells. The method comprises electrospinning a polymer-containing material on a substrate to form nanofibers and electrospraying a catalyst-containing material on the nanofibers on the same substrate. The nanofiber-nanoparticle network made by the methods is suitable for use as electrodes in fuel cells. 1. A method of making a polymer fiber structure , the method comprising:applying a polymer to a substrate via an electrospinning needle to form a nanofiber material on a substrate; andapplying a catalyst to the nanofiber material via the electrospinning needle to deposit the catalyst on the nanofiber material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises Nafion.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of Nafion claim 1 , sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) claim 1 , sulfonated polyer(styrene-b-ethylene-r-butadiene-b-styrene) claim 1 , sulfonated poly(styrene) claim 1 , sulfonated poly(arylene ether) copolymer claim 1 , sulfonated poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene).4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer has a proton conductivity of between 0.001 mS/cm to 10 S/cm.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , prior to the applying the polymer claim 1 , the polymer is dissolved in a solvent form a polymer solution6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the polymer solution is selected from the group comprising N claim 5 ,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) claim 5 , ethanol claim 5 , methanol claim 5 , acetone claim 5 , water claim 5 , tetrahydrofuran (THF) claim 5 , and methylene chloride.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the polymer solution has a polymer concentration of between 8% and 20% by weight of the polymer solution.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , prior to the applying the polymer claim 1 , the polymer is melted.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrospinning needle is ...

Oxidized Surface Layer on Transition Metal Nitrides: Active Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

An electrode catalyst for an Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) is provided that includes a transition metal nitride layer on a substrate, an ORR surface oxide layer deposited on the transition metal nitride layer, where the ORR surface oxide layer includes from sub-monolayer to 20 surface oxide monolayers.

Ni(OH)2 NANOPOROUS FILMS AS ELECTRODES

The present disclosure pertains to electrodes that include a nickel-based material and at least one porous region with a plurality of nickel hydroxide moieties on a surface of the nickel-based material. The nickel-based material may be a nickel foil in the form of a film. The porous region of the electrode may be directly associated with the surface of the nickel-based material. The nickel hydroxide moieties may be in crystalline form and embedded with the porous region. The electrodes of the present disclosure may be a component of an energy storage device, such as a capacitor. Additional embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to methods of fabricating the electrodes by anodizing a nickel-based material to form at least one porous region on a surface of the nickel-based material; and hydrothermally treating the porous region to form nickel hydroxide moieties associated with the porous region. 1. An electrode comprising:a nickel-based material; and 'wherein the at least one porous region comprises a plurality of nickel hydroxide moieties.', 'at least one porous region on a surface of the nickel-based material,'}2. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the nickel-based material is selected from the group consisting of nickel alloys claim 1 , nickel foils claim 1 , nickel foams claim 1 , nickel plates claim 1 , porous nickel claim 1 , nickel coupons claim 1 , nickel blocks claim 1 , nickel rods claim 1 , nickel cylinders claim 1 , non-porous nickel claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the nickel-based material is a nickel foil.4. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the nickel-based material consists essentially of nickel.5. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the nickel-based material is in the form of a film.6. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the nickel-based material serves as a current collector.7. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the at least one porous region is directly associated with the surface.8. The electrode of ...

CATALYST LAYERS OF MEMBRANE-ELECTRODE ASSEMBLIES AND METHODS OF MAKING SAME

Improved catalyst layers for use in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies, and methods for making such catalyst layers, are provided. Catalyst layers can comprise structured units of catalyst, catalyst support, and ionomer. The structured units can provide for more efficient electrical energy production and/or increased lifespan of fuel cells utilizing such membrane electrode assemblies. Catalyst layers can be directly deposited on exchange membranes, such as proton exchange membranes. 1. A method of forming an electrode , the method comprising:providing a first reservoir containing a first dispersion, wherein the first dispersion comprises a first ionomer, a catalyst powder containing carbon, and a first solvent;applying an electrical bias between a substrate and a first needle in fluid communication with the first reservoir; andpumping the first dispersion from the first reservoir through the first needle towards a first surface of the substrate to form a plurality of structured units on a surface of the substrate.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:providing a second reservoir containing a second dispersion, wherein the second dispersion comprises a second ionomer and a second solvent; andpumping the second dispersion from the second reservoir through the first needle towards the surface of the substrate.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the needle comprises a first cannula and a second cannula claim 2 , wherein the first dispersion passes through the first cannula claim 2 , wherein the second dispersion passes through the second cannula claim 2 , and wherein the first cannula and the second cannula are positioned coaxially within the first needle.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the structured units are configured with a first radius and a second radius claim 1 , wherein a first ratio of ionomer to carbon at the first radius of at least one of the structured units is between 0.1 and 0.9 claim 1 , and a second ratio of ionomer to carbon at the ...

CATALYST LAYERS OF MEMBRANE-ELECTRODE ASSEMBLIES AND METHODS OF MAKING SAME

Improved catalyst layers for use in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies, and methods for making such catalyst layers, are provided. Catalyst layers can comprise structured units of catalyst, catalyst support, and ionomer. The structured units can provide for more efficient electrical energy production and/or increased lifespan of fuel cells utilizing such membrane electrode assemblies. Catalyst layers can be directly deposited on exchange membranes, such as proton exchange membranes. 1. A method of forming a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell , the method comprising:providing a catalyst layer comprising a substrate and a plurality of structured units adhered to a surface of the substrate, each of the structured units comprising an outer shell and an inner core,wherein the inner core has a first radius,wherein the inner core comprises a plurality of catalyst particles coupled to a plurality of carbon-containing support particles and comprises an ionomer at a first concentration,wherein the outer shell substantially surrounds the inner core from the first radius to a second radius greater than the first radius,wherein the outer shell comprises the ionomer at a second concentration greater than the first concentration, and 'positioning the plurality of structured units of the catalyst layer proximate a surface of a membrane; heat pressing the catalyst layer and the membrane together;', 'wherein each of the structured units comprises an overall ratio of ionomer to carbon of between 0.5 and 2;'}and removing the substrate of the catalyst layer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the membrane comprises a proton exchange membrane.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a first ratio of ionomer to carbon at the first radius of at least one of the structured units is between 0.1 and 0.9 claim 1 , and a second ratio of ionomer to carbon at the second radius of the at least one of the structured units is between 0.9 and 5.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein an ionomer ...

LOW COST AIR ELECTRODES

Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide low cost bifunctional air electrodes. Various embodiments may provide a bifunctional air electrode, including a metal substrate and particles of metal and/or metal oxide catalyst and/or metal nitride catalyst coated on the metal substrate. Various embodiments may provide a bifunctional air electrode, including a first portion configured to engage an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a discharge mode and a second portion configured to engage an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in a charge mode. Various embodiments may provide a method for making an air electrode including coating a metal substrate with particles of metal and/or metal oxide catalyst and/or metal nitride catalyst. Various embodiments may provide batteries including air electrodes. 1. A bifunctional air electrode , comprising:a metal substrate; andparticles deposited on the metal substrate, wherein the particles comprise particles of metal oxide catalyst, particles of metal nitride catalyst, or a combination thereof.2. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the metal substrate is a mesh claim 1 , a foam claim 1 , or a porous sintered solid.3. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the metal substrate comprises iron claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , an iron-alloy claim 1 , copper claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , steel claim 1 , or any combination thereof.4. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein either or both of the particles of metal oxide catalyst and the particles of metal nitride catalyst comprise manganese oxide claim 1 , nickel-doped manganese oxide claim 1 , nickel oxide claim 1 , nickel oxyhydroxide claim 1 , iron oxide claim 1 , iron oxyhydroxide claim 1 , cobalt oxide claim 1 , manganese cobalt oxide claim 1 , cobalt manganese oxide claim 1 , nickel manganese oxide claim 1 , manganese iron oxide claim 1 , nickel-doped manganese oxide claim 1 , manganese cobalt iron oxide claim 1 , zinc cobalt manganese oxide claim 1 , cobalt nickel oxide claim 1 , calcium ...

Device and method for manufacturing membrane-electrode assembly

본 발명은 연료전지용 막-전극 어셈블리 제조 장치 및 방법에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 전기분무(Electrospray) 공법을 이용하여 균일한 분포를 갖고 기공성이 뛰어나며 고분자막과의 접합성이 우수한 촉매층을 용이하게 제조할 수 있도록 한 연료전지용 막-전극 어셈블리 제조 장치 및 방법에 관한 것이다. 즉, 본 발명은 균일한 분포를 갖고 기공성이 뛰어나며 고분자막과의 접합성이 우수한 촉매층을 제공하고자, 전기분무(Electrospray)를 공법을 이용하여 금속 재질의 롤(Roll)에 촉매층을 형성하고, 이 촉매층을 고분자 전해질막에 전사하여 막-전극 어셈블리를 제조할 수 있도록 한 연료전지용 막-전극 어셈블리 제조 장치 및 방법을 제공하고자 한 것이다. The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell, and more particularly, to easily prepare a catalyst layer having a uniform distribution, excellent porosity, and excellent adhesion to a polymer membrane by using an electrospray method. The present invention relates to a fuel cell membrane-electrode assembly manufacturing apparatus and method. That is, the present invention is to provide a catalyst layer having a uniform distribution, excellent porosity and excellent adhesion to the polymer membrane, to form a catalyst layer on a roll of metal using an electrospray method, this catalyst layer It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell which can be transferred to a polymer electrolyte membrane to manufacture a membrane-electrode assembly.

Solar-assisted rechargeable zinc-air battery with low charging potential

本发明公开了一种太阳能辅助的具有低充电电位的可充电锌空电池，锌空电池的空气阴极为以多孔FTO为基底的氧化铁光电极或以多孔FTO为基底的钒酸铋光电极。本发明通过使用半导体材料作为空气阴极，同时作为光电极，实现了利用太阳能降低锌空电池充电电压：在中小电流充放电下，实现了太阳能的利用，获得了低的充电电压，提高了锌空电池的能量效率。

Alkaline membrane fuel cells and apparatus and methods for supplying water thereto

在不添加液态电解质的情况下靠化学反应生产电力的装置包括阳极电极；为传导羟基(OH-)离子而制作的高分子电解质膜，该膜与在膜的第一面上的阳极电极物理接触；以及与该膜的第二面物理接触的阴极电极。阳极电极和阴极电极都包含催化剂，而且该催化剂实质上完全是由非贵金属催化剂构成的。水可以从外部水源转移到膜片的阴极一边。

A kind of DMFC RuNi/TiO2nanotube electrode and preparation method

本发明公开了直接甲醇燃料电池纳米RuNi/TiO 2 纳米管电极及制备方法，产品由钛板阳极氧化先在表面形成纳米管，然后电镀沉积纳米RuNi合金而成。钛板阳极氧化焙烧后在钛板表面形成一薄层高比表面的TiO 2 纳米管，TiO 2 纳米管表面电镀沉积的RuNi合金能提高TiO 2 纳米管的导电性以及RuNi合金对TiO 2 的协同作用提高TiO 2 对甲醇的催化氧化性能，同时，甲醇氧化产生的CO等中间产物被吸附、转移到RuNi/TiO 2 纳米管表面，并被深度氧化为最终产物CO 2 ，可以提高催化剂的抗CO毒化能力，由于RuNi的价格远低于Pt、Ru等贵金属，且在RuNi/TiO 2 纳米管中量较小，因此可以大大降低催化剂的成本，RuNi/TiO 2 纳米管电极用作直接甲醇燃料电池阳极，可以提高电池性能。

Fixing layer and membrane electrode for improving stability of fuel cell and preparation method thereof

本发明属于燃料电池技术领域，公开了一种提高燃料电池稳定性的固定层和膜电极及其制备方法，该固定层由原位生长于气体扩散层或微孔层的片层状结构组成，片层状结构直立生长且相互交错，固定层部分嵌入催化层；该膜电极由外向内依次包括气体扩散层、固定层、催化层和离子交换膜；其制备方法是将气体扩散层基底作为工作电极，将固定层的前驱体溶液为电解液，通过电化学沉积将片层状结构原位沉积在气体扩散层或微孔层表面，冲洗、干燥后得到固定层；之后制备催化层和离子交换膜。本发明利用固定层为催化层提供物理支撑，抑制催化层在操作条件下发生的微观结构变化，提高催化层的稳定性和燃料电池的耐久性，增加燃料电池的使用寿命和降低成本。

SOFC cathodes using electrochemical technique and its manufacturing method

본 발명은 고체산화물 연료 전지에 있어서 화학적으로 보조된 전착 및 침투 기술을 결합한 나노섬유 형태의 La 1 - x Sr x CoO 3 /GDC 복합 캐소드 및 이의 제조 방법에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세하게는 란타넘-코발트(La-Co) 산화물을 다공성 GDC 스캐폴드에 화학적으로 전착한 후, 열처리한 다음, Sr을 침윤시켜 La 1-x Sr x CoO 3 상을 형성시켜 제조된 나노섬유 형태의 La 1-x Sr x CoO 3 /GDC 복합 캐소드 및 이의 제조 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 따른 나노섬유 형태의 La 1-x Sr x CoO 3 /GDC 복합 캐소드는 넓은 표면적을 제공할 수 있고, 나노 다공성 구조를 통한 산화제의 수송을 도울 수 있으며, 높은 전기화학적 성능을 제공할 수 있으므로, 고체산화물 연료 전지에 유용하게 사용될 수 있다. The present invention is chemically of La 1 nanofibers form combines assisted deposition and infiltration techniques according to the solid oxide fuel cell, and more particularly lanthanum relates to x Sr x CoO 3 / GDC composite cathode and a method of manufacturing - cobalt (La-Co) after deposition of the oxide chemically porous GDC scaffold, followed by heat treatment and then, by infiltrating the Sr La 1-x Sr x CoO of the produced nano fiber form to form a three-phase La 1-x Sr x CoO 3 /GDC composite cathode and a method for manufacturing the same. La 1-x Sr x CoO 3 /GDC composite cathode in the form of nanofibers according to the present invention can provide a large surface area, can help transport an oxidizer through the nanoporous structure, and can provide high electrochemical performance. Therefore, it can be usefully used in a solid oxide fuel cell.

A kind of carbon fiber loaded CoWP catalyst and preparation method

本发明公开了一种碳纤维负载CoWP催化剂及制备方法，属于氢能及燃料电池领域。该催化剂是由碳纤维布和表面钴、钨、磷组成，通过电沉积法将三种元素负载于碳纤维表面。本发明先将碳纤维进行预处理除杂，然后通过两步电沉积法分别将钴、钨、磷负载在碳纤维表面。本发明催化剂具有成本低、高产氢速率、性能稳定等催化性能。

Method for producing sheets of austenite iron-carbon-manganese steel of high strength, excellent ductility and capability to cold upsetting, sheets produced by such method

FIELD: production of hot rolled sheet of austenite iron-carbon-manganese steel. SUBSTANCE: in order to manufacture sheet of improved deformability and ductility, sheet is produced whose strength exceeds 900 MPa, for which value of strength multiplied by elongation at rupture exceeds 45000 and whose chemical composition contains, mass%: carbon, 0.5 - 0.7; manganese, 17 - 24; silicon, less than 3; aluminum, less than 0.050; sulfur, less than 0.030; phosphorus, less than 0.080; nitrogen, less than 0.1; and in addition one or several elements such as chrome, less than 1; molybdenum, less than 0.40; nickel, less than 1; copper, less than 5; titanium, less than 0.50; niobium, less than 0.50; vanadium, less than 0.50, iron and inevitable impurities, the balance. Recrystallized doze of steel exceeds 75%; doze of separated carbides per unit of steel surface is less than 1.5%. Mean size of steel grains is less than 18 micrometers. EFFECT: enhanced deformation capability and ductility of steel. 10 cl, 2 ex, 4 tbl, 12 dwg ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß RU (19) (11) 2 318 882 (13) C2 (51) ÌÏÊ C21D 8/04 (2006.01) C21D 6/00 (2006.01) C22C 38/58 (2006.01) ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈß Ê ÏÀÒÅÍÒÓ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2006105382/02, 08.07.2004 (30) Êîíâåíöèîííûé ïðèîðèòåò: 22.07.2003 FR 03/08953 (73) Ïàòåíòîîáëàäàòåëü(è): ÞÇÈÍÎÐ (FR) (43) Äàòà ïóáëèêàöèè çà âêè: 27.06.2006 R U (24) Äàòà íà÷àëà îòñ÷åòà ñðîêà äåéñòâè ïàòåíòà: 08.07.2004 (72) Àâòîð(û): ÁÓÇÅÊÐÈ Ìîõàìåä (FR), ÔÀÐÀËÜ Ìèøåëü (FR), ÑÊÎÒÒ Êîëèí (FR) (45) Îïóáëèêîâàíî: 10.03.2008 Áþë. ¹ 7 2 3 1 8 8 8 2 (56) Ñïèñîê äîêóìåíòîâ, öèòèðîâàííûõ â îò÷åòå î ïîèñêå: ÅÐ 1067203 À1, 29.06.2000. RU 2156310 C1, 20.09.2000. RU 2062793 Ñ1, 27.06.1996. RU 2223965 C2, 10.05.2003. RU 2159820 C1, 27.11.2000. RU 2203330 C2, 27.04.2003. GB 2075550 A, 18.11.1981. 2 3 1 8 8 8 2 R U (86) Çà âêà PCT: FR 2004/001795 (08.07.2004) C 2 C 2 (85) Äàòà ïåðåâîäà çà âêè PCT íà íàöèîíàëüíóþ ôàçó: ...

Process for making electrodes

A kind of biomass alkaline fuel cell air cathode and preparation method and application

本发明公开了一种生物质碱性燃料电池空气阴极及制备方法及应用，制备为(1)制备维生素B 6 ‐石墨烯复合物；(2)制备疏水碳布；(3)制备复合碳布；(4)将聚四氟乙烯乳液涂覆到复合碳布，灼烧，冷至室温；(5)重复步骤(4)；(6)配制含苯胺电解质水溶液，将(5)获得的材料浸入到电解质水溶液中，将步骤(5)获得的材料作为工作电极，与电化学工作站的导线连接，扫描速度电化学聚合苯胺，得到PAni/C电极；(7)配制H 2 PtCl 6 电解质水溶液，将PAni/C电极放入该电解质水溶液中，采用恒电位沉积法，即得。本发明将Pt沉积在碳布上，极大提高了Pt的分散度，增加了Pt在电催化体系中的利用率，减少了经济成本。

Low-platinum catalyst based on nitride nano particle and preparation method thereof

本发明公开了基于氮化物纳米粒子的低铂催化剂及其制备方法。该催化剂的活性金属组分以超薄原子层的形式直接包覆在氮化物粒子表面或者碳载体负载的氮化物粒子的表面。制备步骤包括：先制得过渡金属的氨络合物，得到的氨络合物固体在氨气氛下氮化，得到氮化物纳米粒子；将氮化物纳米粒子负载在工作电极表面，采用脉冲沉积法在氮化物纳米粒子表面沉积活性组分，得到以氮化物为基底的低铂载量催化剂。该催化剂可用作低温燃料电池的阳极或者阴极催化剂，具有很高的催化活性和稳定性，可大幅度减少燃料电池的贵金属使用量，极大降低燃料电池的成本。本发明具有沉积量可控、操作简便、无需惰性气氛保护等重要特点，适合大规模工业化生产。

A kind of preparation method of efficient oxygen catalytic activity deposition platinum carbon fiber electrode

本发明涉及一种高效氧催化活性沉积铂碳纤维电极的制备方法。本发明属于电能源材料技术领域。一种高效氧催化活性沉积铂碳纤维电极的制备方法，其特点是：高效氧催化活性沉积铂碳纤维电极的制备方法的工艺过程为：将聚丙烯腈碳纤维扭捆成刷，以聚丙烯腈碳纤维刷作为电极，以同样碳纤维刷作为辅助电极，在硫酸电解质溶液中，在恒定电流密度下进行氧化和还原交替处理，得到活化改性的聚丙烯腈碳纤维刷电极；配制氯铂酸和硫酸的混合溶液，活化改性后的碳纤维刷在其中进行恒电位极化处理，制得高效氧催化活性Pt沉积聚丙烯腈碳纤维刷电极。本发明具有催化活性高，工艺简单，非常适合海水溶解氧电池使用优点。

Low impedance gold electrode, apparatus for fabricating the same gold electrode, method for fabricating the same gold electrode and electrolyte solution for fabricating gold electrode

A low impedance gold electrode, a method and an apparatus for manufacturing the same, and electrolyte solution for manufacturing the same are provided to increase contact material quantity per a unit area by relatively enlarging a surface area according to surface illumination. A ground voltage is applied to a reference electrode(110). A minus voltage is applied to a counter electrode(120). A plus voltage is applied to a working electrode(130). The working electrode is connected to a gold foil(100). A fixed constant current is applied between the counter electrode and the working electrode. The counter electrode is made of the transition metal. The working electrode is made of the Au of the same component as the gold foil. The electrolyte solution(140) is the acid solution for the electrolysis reaction of the gold foil. The electrolyte solution is blocked with the outside through an electrolyte solution fence(150) and a passivation layer(160). The gold foil is arranged in an upper part of a glass wafer(170) of the lower part of the electrolyte solution. The gold foil is connected to the working electrode. The passivation layer is made of an insulator.

Three dimensional polymeric fuel cell components

A fuel cell component is described wherein a porous polymeric substrate is coated with a first conductive coating and optionally a second and third coating to enhance catalysis activity.

Cathodes for microbial electrolysis cells and microbial fuel cells

An apparatus is provided according to embodiments of the present invention which includes a reaction chamber having a wall defining an interior of the reaction chamber and an exterior of the reaction chamber; exoelectrogenic bacteria disposed in the interior of the reaction chamber; an aqueous medium having a pH in the range of 3 - 9, inclusive, the aqueous medium including an organic substrate oxidizable by exoelectrogenic bacteria and the medium disposed in the interior of the reaction chamber. An inventive apparatus further includes an anode at least partially contained within the interior of the reaction chamber; and a brush or mesh cathode including stainless steel, nickel or titanium, the cathode at least partially contained within the interior of the reaction chamber.

Printed biofuel cells

Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for implementing a biofuel cell device for extracting energy from a biofuel. In one aspect, a biofuel cell device includes a substrate, an anode including a catalyst to facilitate the conversion of a fuel in a biological fluid in an oxidative process that releases electrons captured at the anode, thereby extracting energy from the fuel substance, a cathode configured on the substrate adjacent to the anode and separated from the anode by a spacing region, and a load electrically coupled to the anode and cathode via electrical interconnects to obtain the extracted energy as electrical energy.

Electrode for fuel cells and manufacturing method thereof

본 발명은 고온고분자 전해질막 연료전지용 전극 및 이의 제조방법에 관한 것으로서, 탄소 지지체상의 제1 백금 나노입자층; 및 상기 제1 백금 나노입자층 상에 형성된 제2 백금 나노입자층을 포함하여 우수한 연료전지 성능을 구현할 수 있는 고온고분자 전해질막 연료전지용 전극 및 이를 제조하는 방법을 제공한다.

METAL / METAL CHALCOGENIDE ELECTRODE WITH HIGH SPECIFIC SURFACE

La présente invention concerne une électrode comprenant un support électroconducteur dont au moins une partie de la surface est recouverte par un dépôt d'un métal choisi dans le groupe constitué par le cuivre, le fer, le nickel, le zinc, le cobalt, le manganèse, le titane et un mélange de ceux-ci, la surface dudit dépôt étant sous une forme oxydée, sulfurée, sélénée et/ou tellurée et le dépôt ayant une surface spécifique supérieure à 1 m2/g ; un procédé de préparation d'une telle électrode ; un dispositif électrochimique comprenant une telle électrode ; et un procédé d'oxydation de l'eau en dioxygène impliquant une telle électrode. The present invention relates to an electrode comprising an electroconductive support, at least part of the surface of which is covered by a deposit of a metal chosen from the group consisting of copper, iron, nickel, zinc, cobalt, manganese , titanium and a mixture thereof, the surface of said deposit being in an oxidized, sulphurized, selenated and / or tellurized form and the deposit having a specific surface greater than 1 m2 / g; a process for preparing such an electrode; an electrochemical device comprising such an electrode; and a method of oxidizing water to oxygen involving such an electrode.

PROCESS FOR GROWING METALLIC PARTICLES BY ELECTRODEPOSITION WITH IN SITU INHIBITION

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une électrode conductrice électronique et catalytique à base de particules métalliques, comprenant une étape d'électrodéposition d'un sel métallique pour former lesdites particules métalliques à la surface d'une électrode, caractérisé en ce que : - l'étape d'électrodéposition du sel métallique est effectuée en présence d'espèce chimique boquante présentant un fort pouvoir d'absorption, connu pour changer la signature électrochimique du métal déposé, à la surface desdites particules métalliques et ayant un potentiel d'oxydation plus élevé que le potentiel de réduction dudit sel métallique de manière à réduire la taille des particules métalliques formées et constitutives de ladite électrode conductrice électronique et catalytique ; - une étape de désorption de l'espèce chimique bloquante. Le métal étant du platine, l'espèce oxydante peut être de type SO ou NO par exemple et permettre de réaliser des électrodes pour pile à combustible. The invention relates to a method for producing an electronic and catalytic conductive electrode based on metal particles, comprising a step of electroplating a metal salt to form said metal particles on the surface of an electrode, characterized in that the step of electrodeposition of the metal salt is carried out in the presence of a chemical species boquante having a high absorption capacity, known to change the electrochemical signature of the deposited metal, on the surface of said metal particles and having a potential of oxidation higher than the reduction potential of said metal salt so as to reduce the size of the metal particles formed and constituent of said electronic and catalytic conductive electrode; a step of desorption of the blocking chemical species. Since the metal is platinum, the oxidizing species can be of the SO or NO type, for example, and make it possible to produce electrodes for a fuel cell.

METAL ELECTRODE / METAL CHALCOGENURE WITH HIGH SPECIFIC SURFACE

La présente invention concerne une électrode comprenant un support électroconducteur dont au moins une partie de la surface est recouverte par un dépôt d'un métal choisi dans le groupe constitué par le cuivre, le fer, le nickel, le zinc, le cobalt, le manganèse, le titane et un mélange de ceux-ci, la surface dudit dépôt étant sous une forme oxydée, sulfurée, sélénée et/ou tellurée et le dépôt ayant une surface spécifique supérieure à 1 m2/g ; un procédé de préparation d'une telle électrode ; un dispositif électrochimique comprenant une telle électrode ; et un procédé d'oxydation de l'eau en dioxygène impliquant une telle électrode. The present invention relates to an electrode comprising an electroconductive support of which at least part of the surface is covered by a deposit of a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, iron, nickel, zinc, cobalt, manganese titanium and a mixture thereof, the surface of said deposit being in oxidized, sulphured, selenated and / or tellurized form and the deposition having a specific surface area greater than 1 m 2 / g; a method of preparing such an electrode; an electrochemical device comprising such an electrode; and a method of oxidizing water to oxygen with such an electrode.

particularly advantageous electrodes for fuel cells

PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING HIGH-STRENGTH FERRO-CARBON-MANGANESE AUSTENITIC STEEL SHEET, EXCELLENT TENACITY AND COLD SHAPINGABILITY, AND SHEETS THUS PRODUCED

Method of fabricating cathode, cathode and solid oxide fuel cell having the same

본 발명에 따른 고체산화물 연료전지 공기극의 제조방법은 다공성 이온전도 스캐폴드(scaffold)의 표면에 섬유상의 도전성 형판(template)을 형성하는 단계, 도전성 형판 상에 금속수산화물을 전착(electrodeposition)하는 단계, 및 스캐폴드를 열처리하여 금속수산화물을 섬유상의 금속산화물로 열변환하고, 도전성 형판을 제거하는 단계를 포함한다. The method of manufacturing a solid oxide fuel cell cathode according to the present invention includes the steps of forming a fibrous conductive template on the surface of a porous ion conductive scaffold, electrodeposition metal hydroxide on the conductive template, And heat treating the scaffold to thermally convert the metal hydroxide into a fibrous metal oxide, and removing the conductive template.

For the negative electrode of microorganism electrolytic cell and microbiological fuel cell

本发明的实施方案提供一种装置，其包括具有壁的反应室，该壁限定了反应室内部和反应室外部；置于反应室内部的产电菌；pH在3-9范围内(包括端值3和9)的含水介质，该含水介质包括可被产电菌氧化的有机底物且该介质置于反应室内部。本发明的装置还包括至少部分包含在反应室内部的阳极；和包括不锈钢、镍或钛的刷型或网状阴极，且该阴极至少部分地包含在反应室内部。

Process for structuring functional meniscus walls on gas- and liquid-permeable electrodes used in fuel cells comprises using several subsequent steps

Process for structuring functional meniscus walls on gas- and liquid-permeable electrodes comprises using several subsequent steps. Process for structuring functional meniscus walls on gas- and liquid-permeable electrodes comprises using several subsequent steps. Pickled mixed/grafted polymers and mixed/grafted polymer embedding produces geometrically defined active pores. The pickling parameters are specific for each electrode structure and for each electrode half cell.

method for measuring oxygen reduction reaction activity of silver oxide catalyst

The present invention relates to a method for electrodeposition of silver oxide nanoparticles, and a method for measuring oxygen reduction reaction activity of a silver oxide catalyst prepared thereby. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of electrodepositing silver oxide nanoparticles having a uniform pyramid-shaped polyhedral structure and improved catalytic activity on the surface of a working electrode without forming dendrites by applying a current having a positive (+) sign in the form of a pulse, and a method for measuring the activity and electrochemical stability of the silver oxide catalyst prepared by the method in a state in which a triple-phase boundary is formed in the same way as the conditions under which the oxygen reduction catalyst is actually driven.

Organic fuel cells and fuel cell conducting sheets

A passive direct organic fuel cell includes an organic fuel solution and is operative to produce at least 15 mW/cm 2 when operating at room temperature. In additional aspects of the invention, fuel cells can include a gas remover configured to promote circulation of an organic fuel solution when gas passes through the solution, a modified carbon cloth, one or more sealants, and a replaceable fuel cartridge.

Apparatus and method associated with reformer-less fuel cell

An electrolyte membrane for a reformer-less fuel cell is provided. The electrolyte membrane is assembled with fuel and air manifolds to form the fuel cell. The fuel manifold receives an oxidizable fuel from a fuel supply in a gaseous, liquid, or slurry form. The air manifold receives air from an air supply. The electrolyte membrane conducts oxygen in an ionic superoxide form when the fuel cell is exposed to operating temperatures above the boiling point of water to electrochemically combine the oxygen with the fuel to produce electricity. The electrolyte membrane includes a porous electrically non-conductive substrate, an anode catalyst layer deposited along a fuel manifold side of the substrate, a cathode catalyst layer deposited along an air manifold side of the substrate, and an ionic liquid filling the substrate between the anode and cathode catalyst layers. Methods for manufacturing and operating the electrolyte membrane are also provided.

Method of producing gas diffusion electrode

A method of producing a gas diffusion electrode by forming a thin layer comprising a carbon power and a silver powder on the surface of a substrate comprising silver, copper, nickel or stainless steel and fluorinating the thin layer make the carbon water repellent. The gas diffusion electrode can be stably used for a long period of time in sodium chloride electrolysis, etc., without clogging the passage of gas and lowering the water repellency of the electrode.

Lithium-air battery air electrode and its preparation method

The present invention provides a lithium-air battery air electrode, the air electrode comprises: a collector, an in-situ loading catalyst on collector. The invention also provides a preparation method of the air electrode for lithium-air batteries and the lithium-air batteries. The air electrode of the present invention can greatly improve the performance of the lithium-air battery.

Electrode coating method

Electrodes ultilized in electrolytic processes are coated with materials improving the electrodes by the incremental hammering of the powdered material serving as the coating on to the base electrodes by means of known processes whereunder steel is coated with more precious metals or different metals. A more satisfactory electrolytic electrode is produced by a known process. Applicant has discovered that such known processes can apply to the upgrading of electrodes used in electrolytic processes.

Method for producing dispersion liquid of electrode catalyst, dispersion liquid of electrode catalyst, method for producing electrode catalyst, electrode catalyst, electrode structure, membrane electrode assembly, fuel cell, and air cell

A method for producing a dispersion liquid of an electrode catalyst, which comprises a step for having the surfaces of particulate carriers support a noble metal by an electrodeposition method using a starting material mixed solution wherein the particulate carriers are dispersed in a solvent and a compound containing the noble metal element is dissolved in the solvent. This method for producing a dispersion liquid of an electrode catalyst is characterized in that the carriers are composed of a substance that has oxygen reduction ability, while containing no noble metal element.