КЕРАМИЧЕСКИЙ ТОПЛИВНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ (ВАРИАНТЫ)

Изобретение относится к топливным элементам. Согласно изобретению сотовый керамический топливный элемент среди прочего содержит стабилизированную оксидом иттрия проводящую ионы кислорода керамику из оксида висмута с введенным в нее оксидом циркония, стабилизированную оксидом ниобия проводящую ионы кислорода керамику из оксида висмута, анодный электрод из медного кермета, расположенный в канале подачи топлива керамического топливного элемента из оксида висмута, или специально выполненные межканальные проходы в керамическом материале топливного элемента. В соответствии с одним из вариантов осуществления настоящего изобретения предусмотрен керамический топливный элемент, который содержит канал подачи окислителя, катодный электрод, установленный в указанном канале подачи окислителя, канал подачи топлива, анодный электрод, установленный в указанном канале подачи топлива, и стабилизированную проводящую ионы кислорода керамику из оксида висмута, которая установлена между катодным электродом и ...

РЕВЕРСИВНЫЙ ТВЕРДООКСИДНЫЙ ТОПЛИВНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ (ВАРИАНТЫ)

Изобретение относится к области электрохимии, к реверсивному твердооксидному топливному элементу. Реверсивный твердооксидный топливный элемент получают способом, включающим следующие стадии: получение слоя металлической подложки, получение предшественника катода на слое металлической подложки, получение слоя электролита на слое предшественника катода, спекание полученной многослойной структуры, получение катодного слоя пропиткой слоя предшественника катода, получение анодного слоя на слое электролита, до получения катодного слоя раствором предшественника или суспензией барьерного материала пропитывают слой металлической подложки и слой предшественника катода с последующей тепловой обработкой. Изобретение позволяет улучшить коррозийную стойкость металлической подложки и избежать отравление катода. 4 н. и 18 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил.

ПОДДЕРЖИВАЕМЫЙ БАТАРЕЕЙ ТВЕРДООКСИДНЫЙ ТОПЛИВНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ

... 1. Батарея твердооксидных топливных элементов, которая содержит первый электродный слой, первый слой электролита, перекрывающий первый электродный слой, общий электродный слой, перекрывающий первый слой электролита, второй слой электролита, перекрывающий общий электродный слой, и второй электродный слой, перекрывающий второй слой электролита, причем первый и второй электродные слои представляют собой анод или катод, а общий электродный слой представляют собой соответственно другой анод или катод, при этом первый электродный слой, первый слой электролита и общий электрод образуют первый твердооксидный топливный элемент, а общий электрод, второй слой электролита и второй электродный слой образуют второй твердооксидный топливный элемент. 2. Батарея твердооксидных топливных элементов по п.1, в которой общий электродный слой представляет собой катод, а первый и второй электродные слои представляют собой аноды. 3. Батарея твердооксидных топливных элементов по п.1, в которой общий электродный ...

ТОНКОСЛОЙНЫЙ ТВЕРДООКСИДНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ

... 1. Тонкослойный твердооксидный элемент, содержащий по меньшей мере пористый анодный слой, электролитический слой и пористый катодный слой, при этом анодный слой и катодный слой содержат электролитический материал, по меньшей мере один металл и каталитический материал, и при этом общая толщина тонкослойного элемента составляет 100 мкм или менее. ! 2. Тонкослойный твердооксидный элемент по п.1, отличающийся тем, что электролитический слой имеет толщину от 2 до 20 мкм. ! 3. Тонкослойный твердооксидный элемент по п.1, отличающийся тем, что катодный слой и/или анодный слой имеют толщину 65 мкм или менее. !4. Тонкослойный твердооксидный элемент по любому из пп.1-3, отличающийся тем, что по меньшей мере один металл выбирают из группы, включающей Ni, сплав FeCrMx и сплав NiCrMx, при этом Мх выбирают из группы, включающей Ni, Ti, Се, Mn, Mo, W, Co, La, Y, Zr, Al и их смеси. ! 5. Тонкослойный твердооксидный элемент по любому из пп.1-3, отличающийся тем, что электролитический материал выбирают из ...

ТВЕРДООКСИДНЫЙ ТОПЛИВНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ

... 1. Твердооксидный топливный элемент, содержащий ! металлическую подложку (1); ! активный анодный слой (2), состоящий из надежного катализатора крекинга углеводородов; ! слой (3) электролита; ! активный катодный слой (5); ! переходный слой (6) на катодный токосъемник (7); а также ! средства предотвращения диффузии между материалом металлической подложки (1) и активным анодным слоем (2). ! 2. Твердооксидный топливный элемент по п.1, отличающийся тем, что средства предотвращения диффузии между металлической подложкой (1) и активным анодным слоем (2) представляют собой металлическую подложку, выполненную градиентной и заканчивающейся по существу чистым оксидом, обладающим электронной проводимостью. ! 3. Твердооксидный топливный элемент по п.2, отличающийся тем, что металлическая подложка (1) состоит из металлического сплава вида FeCrMx, где Мх представляет собой Ni, Ti, Се, Mn, Mo, W, Co, La, Y или Al. ! 4. Твердооксидный топливный элемент по п.1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что активный анодный ...

Gas electrode for fuel-cell with improved conductivity and porosity - is formed by printing a thin layer of fine-grained perovskite material on the ceramic substrate and then firing

A fuel cell air electrode consists of a ceramic electrolyte. The mfg. process is as follows: a paste is formed by making a screen printing paste using a perowskite material of the compsn. La1-xM1xM2O3 in which M1 is Ca and/or Sr; M2 is Mn, Ni, Cr and/or Co which has been made by a wet chemical or a spray pyrolysis process. This is mixed with terpineol, a binder, a plasticiser and a dispersing agent. A thin layer, e.g., 30 microns thick, is deposited on the unsintered, not sandblasted ceramic electrolyte part and the electrode fired at 1400 deg.C. Esp. claimed is the use of La0.84Sr0.16MnO3. The solvent mixt. pref. contains terpineol, ethocel 10, triolein and dibutylphthalate. USE/ADVANTAGE - The electrode layer is thin, about 10 microns after firing, avoiding the pore blockage. There are extensive 3-phase boundaries present which allow for efficient electrochemical reaction. The conductivity of the layer is very good, i.e., about 225 Scm(-1) at 1000 deg.C., resulting in good current carrying ...

Luftelektrode und damit ausgerüstete Festelektrolyt-Brennstoffzelle

Oxid-modifizierte Luftelektrodeoberfläche für elektrochemische Hochtemperaturzellen

Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung mit zumindest einem Trägerelement (14a, 14b, 14c) und mit einer Brennstoffzelleneinheit (10a, 10b, 10c), welche zumindest ein an dem Trägerelement (14a, 14b, 14c) angeordnetes Kathodenelement (16a, 16b, 16c), zumindest ein Anodenelement (18a, 18b, 18c) und zumindest ein zwischen dem Kathodenelement (16a, 16b, 16c) und Anodenelement (18a, 18b, 18c) angeordnetes Elektrolyt (20a, 20b, 20c) aufweist.Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Kathodenelement (16a, 16b, 16c) zu wenigstens einem Großteil aus einem Lanthan-haltigen Oxid ausgebildet ist, wobei das Lanthan-haltige Oxid zumindest ein Übergangsmetall aufweist.

GASDURCHLÄSSIGES SUBSTRAT UND SEINE VERWENDUNG IN EINER FESTOXID-BRENNSTOFFZELLE

GESTAPELTE MIKROSTRUKTUREN LEITENDER, KERAMISCHER OXIDIONENMEMBRANEN; VERWENDUNG ZUR HOCHDRUCKSAUERSTOFFPRODUKTION

FESTOXID-BRENNSTOFFZELLE IN HYBRID-DICKSCHICHT-DÜNNSCHICHTTECHNIK UND VERFAHREN ZU IHRER HERSTELLUNG

Fuel cells

Electrochemical convertor having A1(2)O(3) containing zirconium oxide solid electrolyte

A solid electrolyte with a multi-layer electrode applied to it. This multi-layer construction prevents electrochemical decomposition reactions which limit the durability and length of service life of conventional electrodes.

Fuel cells

A solid oxide fuel cell, comprising: a ferritic stainless steel substrate 3 including a porous region 7 and a non-porous region 8 bounding the porous region; a ferritic stainless steel bi-polar plate located over one surface of the porous region of the substrate and being sealingly attached to the non-porous region of the substrate about the porous region thereof; a first electrode layer 11 located over the other surface of the porous region of the substrate; an electrolyte layer 13 located over the first electrode layer; and a second electrode layer 17 located over the electrolyte layer.

Electrochemical cell and process

HIGHLY EFFICIENT SOFC KATHODENMATERIAL WITHIN the RANGE 450OC-650OC

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS CELL

PEROWSKITSTRUKTUR TITANATES OR THEIR DERIVATIVES AND YOUR APPLICATIONS

ON CERIUM OXIDE AND HIGH-GRADE STEEL BASED ELECTRODES

FIXED OXIDE GAS CELL

FIXED OXIDE GAS CELLS WITH SPECIFIC ELECTRODE LAYERS

High-temperature fuel cells with a composite material cathode

SOLID ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL

Stack supported solid oxide fuel cell

Porous electrode, solid oxide fuel cell, and method of producing the same

Redox-stable anode

Solid oxide fuel cell

Composite oxygen electrode and method

Method for producing a layer system comprising a metallic carrier and an anode functional layer

Film-formed article

Cathode for use at high temperatures

Composition for fuel cell electrode

In some examples, a fuel cell including an anode; electrolyte; and cathode separated from the anode by the electrolyte, wherein the cathode includes a Pr-nickelate based material with (Pr ...

Reversible solid oxide fuel cell stack and method for preparing same

Lanthanide ceramic material

REDOX-STABLE ANODE

METASTABLE CERAMIC FUEL CELL AND METHOD

A solid oxide fuel cell has anode, cathode and electrolyte layers each formed essentially of a multi-oxide ceramic material and having a far-from- equilibrum, metastable structure from the group consisting of nanocrystaline, nanocomposite and amorphous. The electrolyte layer has a matrix of the ceramic material, and is impervious and serves as a fast oxygen ion conductor. The electrolyte layer has a matrix of the ceramic material and a dopant dispersed therein in an amount substantially greater than its equilibrium solubility in the ceramic matrix. The anode layer includes a continuous surface area metallic phase in which electron conduction is provided by metallic phase and the multi-oxide ceramic matrix provides ionic conduction.

STACK CONFIGURATIONS FOR TUBULAR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS

A fuel cell unit 1 includes an array of solid oxide fuel cell tubes (18). Solid oxide fuel cell tubes (18) have porous metallic exterior surfaces (116), interior fuel cell layers (112-114), and interior surfaces (118). Each of the solid oxide fuel cell tubes (18) have at least one open end. At least one header (28) is in operable communication with the array of solid oxide fuel cell tubes (18) for directing a first reactive gas into contact with the porous metallic exterior surfaces (116) and for directing a second reactive gas into contact with the interior surfaces (118). The header (28) further includes at least one busbar disposed in electrical contact with at least one surface selected from the group consisting of the porous metallic exterior surfaces (116) and the interior surfaces (118).

ELECTROLYTE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME

A unit cell (10) of a fuel cell is formed by sandwiching an electrolyte electrode assembly (12) between a pair of separators (6a, 6b). The separators (6a, 6b) include bosses (7a, 7b) protruding toward an anode (3) or a cathode (4). On one surface of the electrolyte electrode assembly (12) facing the separator (6b), the cathode (4) is provided. Then, an electron diffusion layer (14) is provided on the cathode (4). Electrons which reach the electron diffusion layer (14) through the bosses (7b) are diffused over the entire area of the electron diffusion layer (14). By the electrons, reduction of oxygen in the oxygen-containing gas which has passed through a second passage between the bosses (7b) occurs. As a result, oxide ions (O2-) are generated.

SOLID ELECTROLYTIC FUEL CELL HAVING OXYGEN ELECTRODE LAYER ON SOLID ELECTROLYTIC LAYER VIA REACTION PREVENTING LAYER

A solid electrolytic fuel cell having an oxygen electrode layer on one surface of a solid electrolytic layer, having a fuel electrode layer on the other surface thereof, and having a reaction-preventing layer comprising a sintered body of an oxide between the upper surface of the solid electrolytic layer and the oxygen electrode layer for preventing elements from diffusing from the oxygen electrode layer into the solid electrolytic layer, wherein the oxygen electrode layer has a two-layer structure including an inner layer on the side of the reaction-preventing layer and a surface layer on the inner layer; the surface layer of the oxygen electrode layer comprises a sintered body of a perovskite composite oxide; and the inner layer of the oxygen electrode layer comprises a sintered body of a mixture of particles of an oxide for preventing the diffusion of elements and particles of the peroviskite composite oxide, and is formed more densely than said surface layer. The fuel cell has a decreased ...

ANODE-SIDE CATALYST COMPOSITION FOR FUEL CELL AND MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY (MEA) FOR POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL

Disclosed is a technique by which degradation in a fuel cell caused by unsteady operation (e.g., start-stop or fuel shortage) can be improved and which is low-cost. An anode-side catalyst composition for a fuel cell comprising a catalyst, wherein catalyst particles are carried on a conductive material, and an ion exchange resin, characterized in that said catalyst particles comprise a metal, a metal oxide, a partial oxidation product of a metal or a mixture thereof which has a lower oxygen reduction ability and a lower water electrolysis overpotential, both than platinum, and is capable of oxidizing hydrogen.

SOLID COMPOSITIONS FOR FUEL CELLS, SENSORS AND CATALYSTS

SOLID COMPOSITIONS FOR FUELS, SENSORS AND CATALYSTS The present invention relates to solid materials for use as electrolyte for a fuel cell, or for a sensor, or as a catalyst. Representative structures include lanthanum fluoride, lead potassium fluoride, lead bismuth fluoride, lanthanum strontium fluoride, lanthan strontium lithium fluoride, calcium uranium, cesium fluoride, PbSnFy, KSn2F4, SrCl2?KCl, LaOF2, PbSnF8?PbSnO, lanthanum oxyfluoride, oxide, calcium fluoride, SmNdFO, and the like. In another aspect, the present invention relates to a composite and a process to obtain it of the formula: A1-yByQO3 having a perovskite or a perovskite-type structure as an electrode catalyst in combination with: AyB1-yF2+y as a discontinuous surface coating solid electrolyte solid electrolyte wherein A is independently selected from lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, praseodymium, and scandium, B is independently selected from strontium, calcium, barium or magnesium, Q is independently selected from nickel ...

CERAMIC ANODES AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME

The present invention generally relates to ceramic anodes for use in solid oxide fuel cells, whereby the anodes are comprised primarily of ceramic material.

ELECTRODE SUPPORT FOR FUEL CELLS

METHOD OF MAKING AN ION TRANSPORT MEMBRANE OXYGEN SEPARATION DEVICE

Method of making an electrochemical device for the recovery of oxygen from an oxygen-containing feed gas comprising (a) preparing a green electrochemical device by assembling a green electrolyte layer, a green anode layer in contact with the green electrolyte layer, a green cathode layer in contact with the green electrolyte layer, a green anode-side gas collection interconnect layer in contact with the green anode layer, and a green cathode-side feed gas distribution interconnect layer in contact with the green cathode layer; and (b) sintering the green electrochemical device by heating to yield a sintered electrochemical device comprising a plurality of sintered layers including a sintered anode-side gas collection interconnect layer in contact with the anode layer and adapted to collect oxygen permeate gas, wherein each sintered layer is bonded to an adjacent sintered layer during sintering.

FUEL CELL PRODUCTION METHOD AND FUEL CELL

First, a solid-state electrolyte layer (20) that has conductivity for ions of one of hydrogen and oxygen is formed. After that, a dense layer (22a) made of an electrode material that has electron conductivity, catalyst activity to accelerate the electrochemical reaction, and a characteristic of allowing permeation of ions and/or atoms of the other one of hydrogen and oxygen is formed on a surface of the electrolyte layer. Then a fuel cell structure that includes the electrolyte layer and the dense layer is built. After that, the electrochemical reaction is caused to progress by supplying a fuel and oxygen to the fuel cell structure, so that in the dense layer, many micropores extending through the dense layer in the film thickness direction are created due to the generated water that is created between the electrolyte layer and the dense layer.

PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING AN LTM PEROVSKITE PRODUCT

La présente invention concerne un produit fondu comportant du pérovskite de LTM, L désignant le lanthane, T étant un élément choisi parmi le strontiu m, le calcium, le magnésium, le baryum, l'yttrium, l'ytterbium, le cérium et des mélanges de ces éléments, et M désignant le manganèse.

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL ARCHITECTURE AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME VIA CONTROLLED POWDER MORPHOLOGY

CERIA AND STAINLESS STEEL BASED ELECTRODES

A cermet anode structure obtainable by a process comprising the steps of: (a) providing a slurry by dispersing a powder of an electronically conductive phase and by adding a binder to the dispersion, in which said electronically conductive phase comprises a FeCrMx alloy, wherein Mx is Ni, Ti, Nb, Ce, Mn, Mo, W, Co, La, Y, Al, or a mixture thereof,(b) forming a metallic support of said slurry of the electronically conductive phase, (c) providing a precursor solution of ceria, said solution containing a solvent and a surfactant, (d) impregnating the structure of step (b) with the precursor solution of step (c), (e) subjecting the resulting structure of step (d) to calcination, and (f) conducting steps (d)-(e) at least once.

CELL FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL BATTERY

Disclosed is a cell for a solid oxide fuel battery, comprising a Cr-containing alloy or the like and an air electrode joined to each other, which can satisfactorily suppress the occurrence of Cr poisoning of the air electrode and can suppress the progress of a Cr depletion-derived oxidation degradation of the alloy and the like. The cell for a solid oxide fuel battery comprises a Cr-containing alloy or oxide (1) and an air electrode (31) joined to each other. A film containing a spinel-type oxide comprising a first single oxide having an equilibrium dissociation oxygen partial pressure at 750°C of 1.83 × 10-20 to 3.44 × 10-13 atm and a second single oxide having a lower equilibrium dissociation oxygen partial pressure at 750°C than the first single oxide is provided on a surface of the alloy or oxide (1).

FUEL CELL CONTAINING STABLE AIR ELECTRODE MATERIAL

... 56,300 A tubular fuel cell (1) is made, containing a tubular, inner air electrode (3), a solid electrolyte (4), substantially surrounding the air electrode, and a porous outer fuel electrode (7), where the solid electrolyte and fuel electrode are discontinuous and have inclusion of an electrical interconnection material (6), where the air electrode (3) is a material selected from LaxCayMnO3, where x has a value from .60 to .72 and y has a value from .28 to .40, or LaxCayCrzMn1-zO3, where x has a value from .60 to .72, y has a value from .18 to .40, and z has a value from .05 to .15 and where a plurality of fuel cells can be electrically connected together.

MODULAR CERAMIC OXYGEN GENERATOR

A ceramic oxygen generator is described which is capable of modular construc tion to permit the oxygen generation capacity to be expanded. An ionically conducted cerami c electrolyte is formed into a series of rows and columns of tubes on a tube support member and like electrolyte bodies can be connected together to form a manifold therebetween for oxygen produced in the interiors of the tubes. An electrical connection between tubes is formed such that the anodes and cathodes of tubes in a column are connected in parallel while the tubes in the row are, respec tively, connected anode to cathode to form a series connection.

Electrode pour pile à combustible à électrolyte solide

Elektrischer Leiter

Sets of pairs of electrodes for fuel cells

Electrodes (16b, 16c) for reversible fuel cells composed of metal oxides and of metal powders. These electrodes comprise a succession of oxide layers (K, L) which have alternately a high and a low content of metallic powder, the layers with a low content of metallic powder preventing the migration, during operation of the device, of metal particles and the formation of aggregates of the latter, such a formation resulting in a yield drop in the device. These electrodes are manufactured by cathodic spraying in an enclosure whose spraying zone comprises several targets, each of the latter being provided with a distinct material to be sprayed. The spraying rate of each of the targets is controlled by an independent magnetic field, each of the latter being adjustable individually. ...

CERAMIC ANODES AND METHOD OF THEIR MANUFACTURING

МЕМБРАНА, КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ МЕМБРАННЫЙ РЕАКТОР (ВАРИАНТЫ) И СПОСОБЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ МЕМБРАНЫ

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ КОМПОЗИЦИИ ДЛЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В ТОПЛИВНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТАХ

Изобретение в общем относится к генерированию электрической энергии из топлива в твердом состоянии. В одном варианте осуществления настоящее изобретение относится к твердооксидному топливному элементу для выработки электрической энергии из топлива на основе углерода и к катализаторам для применения в твердооксидном топливном элементе.

АРХИТЕКТУРА ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКОГО ЭЛЕМЕНТА И МЕТОД ЕЁ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ СПОСОБОМ КОНТРОЛИРУЕМОЙ ПОРОШКОВОЙ МОРФОЛОГИИ

Осуществления касаются электрохимического элемента, который включает первый слой, включающий пористый керамический слой, имеющий каналы пор. Каналы пор могут быть пропитаны проводящим покрытием и могут быть достаточно большими, так что большинство каналов пор остается открытым после нанесения проводящего покрытия. Элемент может включать второй слой, расположенный на первом слое; второй слой включает пористый промежуточный слой. Первый и второй слой могут функционировать как анод или катод. Элемент может включать третий слой, который включает керамическую мембрану и катод, установленный в третьем слое. Осуществления также касаются способа изготовления электрохимического элемента.

КЕРАМИЧЕСКИЙ АНОД И СПОСОБ ЕГО ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

Данное изобретение главным образом касается керамических анодов для применения в твердых окисных топливных элементах, где аноды в основном включают керамический материал.

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ МЕМБРАННЫЙ РЕАКТОР С ДВУХКОМПОНЕНТНЫМ ОБЪЕМНЫМ КАТАЛИЗОМ

... 1. Каталитический мембранный реактор, включающий в себя зону окисления и зону восстановления, разделенные газонепроницаемой мембраной, имеющей поверхность окисления в контакте с зоной окисления и поверхность восстановления в контакте с зоной восстановления, сцепленный каталитический слой на поверхности окисления мембраны и трехмерный катализатор в зоне окисления, при этом мембрана выполнена из однофазной смешанной проводящей ионы и электроны керамики формулы А2-хА'хВ2-уВ'уO5+z, где А представляет собой ион щелочно-земельного металла или смесь ионов щелочно-земельных металлов; А' представляет собой ион металла или смесь ионов металлов, где металл выбран из группы, состоящей из металлов ряда лантанида и иттрия; В представляет собой ион металла или смесь ионов металлов, где металл выбран из группы, состоящей из переходных металлов 3d и металлов группы 13; В' представляет собой ион металла или смесь ионов металлов, где металл выбран из группы, состоящей из переходных металлов 3d, металлов группы ...

Solid electrolyte fuel cell

SOLID ELECTROLYTE COATED ELECTRODE WITH MULTIPLE LAYERS.

ELECTRODE HAS GAS, MANUFACTORING PROCESS AND APPLICATIONS.

METHOD FOR PREPARING AN ELECTROCHEMICAL HALF-CELL

Modular ceramic electrochemical apparatus and method of manufacture therefor

Method for manufacturing anode material for solid oxide fuel cell

... 본 발명은, 열적 화학적 안정성이 우수하고 전기 전도도가 높은 애노드 소재를 제공한다. 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 애노드 소재는 화학식 QBaMn2O5+δ의 화합물을 포함한다. 상기 Q는 이트륨 또는 란탄족에서 선택된 하나 또는 그 이상의 원소들을 포함하고, 상기 O는 산소이고, 상기 δ는 1 이하의 양수로서, 상기 화학식 QBaMn2O5+δ의 화합물을 전기적 중성으로 하는 값이다.

SOFC CATHODE AND METHOD FOR COFIRED CELLS AND STACKS

CYLINDRICAL SOLID OXIDE FUEL BATTERY STACK HAVING ANODE SUPPORT PATTERN AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

PURPOSE: Provided are a cylindrical solid oxide fuel battery stack having anode support pattern, which has excellent efficiency, and a method for effectively producing the same. CONSTITUTION: The stack comprises a plurality of anode supporting fuel cells having connectors(1D) which are longitudinally formed at one side of circumference of cylindrical anode(1C) support pipe and protruded outside circumference of cathode(1A), but is not connected with the cathode, wherein the electrolyte layer(1B) consisting of a mixture of 60-95 wt% of organic solvent and 5-40 wt% of YSZ powder, 5-12 wt% of binder per 100 g of YSZ powder, 5-15 cc of plasticizer per 100 g of YSZ, 1-3 cc of homogenizer per 100 g of YSZ powder, and 1-3 cc of dispersing agent per 100 g of YSZ powder, is formed at circumference of cylindrical anode support pipe formed by adding 20-50 vol% of carbon powder as a pore-forming agent, to mixed powder of NiO having 30-50 vol% of Ni and YSZ, and a cathode is coated on circumference ...

MANUFACTURING METHOD OF A METAL SUPPORTED SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL CAPABLE OF FORMING AN AIR ELECTRODE LAYER WITHOUT SEPARATELY SINTERING

PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of a metal supported solid oxide fuel cell is provided to prevent a degradation of a metal supporting body, and to reduce the manufacturing time and cost. CONSTITUTION: A manufacturing method of a metal supported solid oxide fuel cell including a metal supporting body, a fuel anode layer, an electrolyte layer and a cathode layer successively laminated, comprises the following steps: forming the fuel anode layer and the electrolyte layer on the upper side of the metal supporting body; forming a green air electrode layer by spraying an air electrode slurry including an air electrode material on the electrolyte layer; and sintering the green air electrode layer. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2010 ...

NANOTUBULAR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL

L'invention concerne un ensemble d'électrodes à membrane pourvu d'une structure nanotubulaire et de couches d'électrodes solides (au lieu de poreuses). L'utilisation des couches d'électrode solides engendre une résistance mécanique accrue. Ces couches d'électrode sont suffisamment minces pour permettre l'écoulement de réactifs jusqu'à l'électrolyte. Le modèle nanotubulaire comporte plusieurs tubes à extrémités fermées et permet d'augmenter la zone de réaction par rapport au débit du volume de l'ensemble d'électrodes à membrane. Le modèle nanotubulaire sert également à augmenter la résistance mécanique, notamment, dans une disposition semblable à un nid d'abeilles à extrémités fermées. Un catalyseur est, de préférence, placé sur les surfaces d'anode et de cathode de l'ensemble d'électrodes à membrane, et se présente, de préférence, sous forme d'îlots catalytiques séparés en vue d'accroître la zone de réaction. Des ensembles d'électrodes à membrane de cette invention peuvent être fabriqués ...

OPTIMIZED CELL CONFIGURATIONS FOR STABLE LSCF-BASED SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS

Lanthanum strontium cobalt iron oxides (La(1-x )SrxCoyFe1-yO3-ƒ; (LSCF) have excellent power density (>500 mW/cm2 at 750°C). When covered with a metallization layer, LSCF cathodes have demonstrated increased durability and stability. Other modifications, such as the thickening of the cathode, the preparation of the device by utilizing a firing temperature in a designated range, and the use of a pore former paste having designated characteristics and combinations of these features provide a device with enhanced capabilities.

CATHODE MATERIAL FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS BASED ON COBALT-CONTAINING PEROVSKITE-LIKE OXIDES OF TRANSITION METALS

Изобретение относится к твердооксидным топливным элементам (ТОТЭ) в частности к катодным материалам на основе сложных оксидов переходных металлов. Техническим результатом изобретения является повышение проводимости катодного материала и снижение значения KTP. Согласно изобретению в качестве перовскитоподобного оксида взято соединение с общей формулой Sr1-x-yCayRxCо1-zMnzOз-t, где 0 < x ≤ 0.75; 0 ≤ y ≤ 1.0; 0 ≤ z <1.0; R - элемент из группы, содержащей Sm, Gd и Y.

FUEL BATTERY CELL

In the present invention, a fuel battery cell comprises a fuel electrode; an air electrode having a primary phase formed from a perovskite oxide containing cobalt and a secondary phase formed from tricobalt tetraoxide; and a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the fuel electrode and the air electrode. The percentage of the secondary phase in the cross section of the air electrode is 9.8% or less.

IMPROVED SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS AND INTERCONNECTORS

Solid oxid fuel cells made by coating a slurry of an electrolyte having a limited amount of organic material onto a carrier tape, depositing at least one layer electrode material on tape to support the electrolyte layer, removing the tape, screen printing a second electrode layer on the exposed surface of the electrolyte layer, and firing the layers at temperatures of 1100-1300°C. The fired fuel cell can be mounted on an interconnector comprising a base plate, grooves formed in one face of the base plate, a porous conductive ceramic contact layer between the base plate and the blocking layer, or an interconnector having a fired green tape stack having conductive via contacts and air and gas flow channels. A sealing glass bonds the overlying layers to the base plate.

HIGH PERFORMANCE CATHODES FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS

The present invention relates to a multi-layered and multifunctional cathode in solid oxide fuel cells having high conductivity, high catalytic activity, minimized coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch, excellent compatibility to other portion of the fuel cell, and reduced temperature operation. The cathode comprises a conductive layer (20), a catalyst layer (21) and a grade composition layer (22). The conductive layer has a first density, the catalyst layer has a second density that is less than the first density, and the graded composition layer is characterized by a graded electronic conductivity and a graded ionic conductivity.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMIC/METAL SEAL - ARCHITECTURE-MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE COMPOSITION EMPLOYED

Process for producing a joint between a ceramic part and a part made of metal, with a sealing material consisting, for 100% of its weight, of 10 wt% to 90 wt% of a glass or a glass mixture (G); and 10 wt% to 90 wt% of at least one ceramic (C), said process comprising the following successive steps: either - a step (a) of preparing a powder blend (B) consisting, of a glass powder (G) and a ceramic powder (C); - a step (b) of pressing a preform, obtained from the powder blend (B); - a step (c) of densifying the preform; - a step (d) of positioning the elements of the ceramic joint that are complementary to the preform; and - a step (e) of positional heat treatment of the seal prepared in step (d), or - a step (b) of pressing a preform of a powder of at least one ceramic (C); - a step (c) of partially densifying the preform; - a step (d) of positioning the elements of the ceramic/metal joint that are complementary to the preform; and - a step (e') of heat treating the preform so as to cause ...

HIGH-TEMPERATURE SOLID ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL COMPRISING A COMPOSITE OF NANOPOROUS THIN-FILM ELECTRODES AND A STRUCTURED ELECTROLYTE

The invention relates to a novel high-temperature solid electrolyte fuel cell comprising an electrolyte layer between two electrode layers, obtained by a method comprising the steps: (i) application of electrolyte particles in a screen printing paste to an unsintered electrolyte substrate and sintering of the resultant structure; (ii) deposition of a nanoporous electrode thin-film by means of a sol-gel process or an MOD process on the structure obtained in step (i) and thermal treatment of the structure that has been coated in this manner. The fuel cell has an optional electrolyte boundary layer on the structured screen-printed electrolyte layer, said boundary layer being applied by means of an MOD process.

COMPOSITE CERAMIC POWDER, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE POWDER, ELECTRODE FOR SOLID ELECTROLYTIC FUEL CELL, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE ELECTRODE

Composite ceramic powder is composed of composite particles each comprising first sub-particles and second sub-particles. The first sub-particles unevenly exist on the surface of a cluster of the second sub-particles. In a spray-pyrolysis method, such particles are produced in a mist before the pyrolysis process.

Electrode design for low temperature direct-hydrocarbon solid oxide fuel cells

In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, a solid oxide fuel cell is described. The solid oxide fuel cell includes a hierarchically porous cathode support having an impregnated cobaltite cathode deposited thereon, an electrolyte, and an anode support. The anode support includes hydrocarbon oxidation catalyst deposited thereon, wherein the cathode support, electrolyte, and anode support are joined together and wherein the solid oxide fuel cell operates a temperature of 600° C. or less.

Hybrid power system

A mixture of a fuel gas obtained by vaporizing hydrocarbon and air is burned in an engine 11 to generate mechanical power. The fuel gas obtained by reforming the hydrocarbon is supplied to a fuel electrode layer of a fuel cell module 13 in which plural electric power generating cells each including a solid electrolyte layer, and a fuel electrode layer and an air electrode layer disposed on both sides thereof are laminated, and the air or oxygen is supplied to the air electrode layer, so that the fuel cell module 13 is constructed to be capable of generating electric power at 930° C. or lower. One of or both of mechanical power generated by the engine 11 and electric power generated by the fuel cell module 13 are outputted. As a raw material of the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell module, gasoline, light oil or the like which can be supplied in a normal gasoline station can be used.

Method of producing an air electrode material for solid electrolyte type fuel cells

Fuel cell membrane-electrode assembly

A membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell is provided. The membrane-electrode assembly includes a cathode electrode and an anode electrode which are positioned oppositely to each other; and a polymer electrolyte membrane positioned between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode. The cathode electrode and the anode electrode each includes an electrode substrate; a micropore layer which is positioned on the electrode substrate; and a first catalyst layer positioned on the micropore layer, at least one of a second catalyst layer is positioned between the first catalyst layer and the polymer electrolyte membrane, and the second catalyst layer includes a reaction inducing material which is a metal or alloy.

SORFC system with non-noble metal electrode compositions

A solid oxide regenerative fuel cell includes a ceramic electrolyte, a first electrode which is adapted to be positively biased when the fuel cell operates in a fuel cell mode and in an electrolysis mode, and a second electrode which is adapted to be negatively biased when the fuel cell operates in the fuel cell mode and in the electrolysis mode. The second electrode comprises less than 1 mg/cm² of noble metal.

Porous electrode, solid oxide fuel cell, and method of producing the same

The present invention generally relates to porous electrodes for use in solid oxide fuel cells, whereby the electrodes are comprised primarily of ceramic material and electronically conductive material. The electrodes are prepared by impregnating a porous ceramic material with precursors to the electronically conducting material.

POSITIVE ELECTRODE COMPOSITE FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL, METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME AND SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL INCLUDING THE SAME

A positive electrode composite for a solid oxide fuel cell, on the positive electrode composite including: a porous reaction prevention layer; and a mixed-conductivity material disposed in the porous reaction prevention layer. 1. A positive electrode composite for a solid oxide fuel cell , the positive electrode composite comprising:a porous reaction prevention layer; anda mixed-conductivity material disposed in the porous reaction prevention layer.2. The positive electrode composite of claim 1 , wherein a porosity of the porous reaction prevention layer is in a range of about 35 percent to about 60 percent.3. The positive electrode composite of claim 1 , wherein an average pore size of the porous reaction prevention layer is about 200 nanometers to about 1 micrometer.4. The positive electrode composite of claim 1 , wherein an average diameter of the mixed-conductivity material is about 100 nanometers or less.5. The positive electrode composite of claim 1 , wherein the mixed-conductivity material comprises a perovskite metal oxide of Formula 1:{'br': None, 'sub': '3±γ', 'AMO\u2003\u2003Formula 1'}wherein, A is selected from La, Ba, Sr, Sm, Gd, and Ca, M is selected from Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ti, Nb, Cr, and Sc, γ denotes oxygen excess or oxygen shortage, and 0≦γ≦0.3.6. The positive electrode composite of claim 5 , wherein the mixed-conductivity material comprises a perovskite metal oxide of Formula 2:{'br': None, 'sub': 1-x', 'x', '3±γ, 'A′A″M′O\u2003\u2003Formula 2'}wherein, A′ is at least one element of Ba, La, and Sm,A″ is selected from Sr, Ca, and Ba and is different from A′,M′ is selected from Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ti, Nb, Cr, and Sc, 0≦x≦1, γ denotes oxygen excess or oxygen shortage and 0≦γ≦0.3.7. The positive electrode composite of claim 1 , wherein the mixed-conductivity material comprises a perovskite a metal oxide of Formula 3:{'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'x', 'y', '1-x-y', '3±γ, 'BaSrCoFeZO\u2003\u2003Formula 3'}wherein, 0.4≦a≦0.6, 0.4≦b≦0.6, 0.6≦x<0.9, 0.1≦y ...

Fuel cell component having an electrolyte dopant

The present disclosure is directed to a fuel cell component having a cathode including a ceramic material that includes an A-site deficient, perovskite crystal structure and a cation species bonded to oxygen. The fuel cell component further includes an anode and an electrolyte layer disposed between the cathode and the anode. The electrolyte layer includes a base material and an electrolyte dopant that includes the cation species of the cathode.

Method for preparing SOFC anti-coking Ni-YSZ anode materials

The present disclosure relates to the field of materials, and in particular, to a method for preparing anti-coking Ni-YSZ anode materials for SOFC. The present disclosure provides a method for preparing a SOFC anode material, including: (1) providing the mixed powder of NiO and YSZ; (2) subjecting the mixed powder provided in step (1) to two-phase mutual solid solution treatment; (3) adjusting the particle size of the product obtained in the solid solution treatment in step (2). The SOFC anode material provided by the present disclosure could prepare the SOFC anode with good carbon deposition resistance. The anode material as a whole has the advantages of low cost, good catalytic performance, desirable electronic conductivity and well chemical compatibility with YSZ, etc. The long-term stability of cell performance is strong, and the cell preparation method is also easy to achieve industrialization.

HIGH PERFORMANCE SOFC CATHODE MATERIAL IN THE 450°C - 650°C RANGE

Reversible solid oxide fuell cell stack and method for preparing same

Reversible solid oxide fuell cell stack and method for preparing same

A reversible SOFC monolithic stack is provided which comprises: 1) a first component which comprises at least one porous metal containing layer (1) with a combined electrolyte and sealing layer on the porous metal containing layer (1); wherein the at least one porous metal containing layer (1) hosts an electrode; 2) a second component comprising at least one porous metal containing layer (1) with a combined interconnect and sealing layer on the porous metal containing layer; wherein the at least one porous metal containing layers hosts an electrode. Further provided is a method for preparing a reversible solid oxide fuel cell stack. The obtained solid oxide fuel cell stack has improved mechanical stability and high electrical performance, while the process for obtaining same is cost effective.

Solid oxide fuel cell

Disclosed is a durable solid oxide fuel cell that is less likely to have a problem of a conventional solid oxide fuel cell that an air electrode containing a peroviskite oxide, when exposed to a reducing atmosphere, is separated at the stop of operation, especially shutdown. The solid oxide fuel cell includes an air electrode that is obtained by firing a compact containing a perovskite oxide and sulfur element. The content of the sulfur element in the air electrode as fresh after firing or before the start of power generation is in the range of 50 ppm to 3,000 ppm. The separation of the air electrode is effectively suppressed at the shutdown operation.

Solid oxide fuel cell with sintered air electrode

A fuel cell comprising a fuel electrode and an air electrode disposed on side surfaces of an electrolyte film is disclosed. The fuel electrode is supplied with a fuel gas, and the air electrode is supplied with air. The air electrode has a close-packed structure in which the ratio between the average particle size of coarse particles and the average particle size of fine particles is 5/1 to 250/1. The fuel cell is increased in conductivity.

Method for forming a composite metal oxide and method for manufacturing an electrode using the same

A method for forming a fine powder of a composite metal oxide, for example a perovskite of formula LaM'M''O3, where M' represents an alkaline earth metal, and M'' represents a transition metal comprises mixing a solution which includes at least two metal ions with at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral or polyethylene glycol. A sol is formed which may then be dried to produce a gel which, in turn, may be calcined to produce powder. The powder may be cast and sintered in order to produce a fuel cell electrode which has a large specific surface area.

SOLID ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME

A solid electrolyte fuel cell comprising an air electrode, a solid electrolyte film, a fuel electrode, and an interconnector, wherein a ceramics layer which is tight in a certain degree and has a gas permeation flux Q1¿50 (m hr-1 atm-1) is provided on the air electrode, and an interconnector film which is a tight ceramics film is provided thereon whereby the gas permeation flux Q2 of the interconnector film becomes 0.01 (m hr-1 atm-1) or less so that a gas permeability preferable as an interconnector film of the solid electrolyte type fuel cell can be ensured.

IMPROVED LANTHANUM MANGANITE-BASED AIR ELECTRODE FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS

Method of manufacturing conductive porous ceramic tube

КОНФИГУРАЦИИ БАТАРЕЙ ТРУБЧАТЫХ ТВЕРДООКСИДНЫХ ТОПЛИВНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ

Изобретение относится к трубчатым твердооксидным топливным элементам. Техническим результатом изобретения является снижение затрат на производство и повышение эффективности. Согласно изобретению блок топливных элементов (1) включает набор трубок твердооксидных топливных элементов (18). Трубки (18) твердооксидных топливных элементов имеют пористые металлические внешние поверхности (116), внутренние слои топливных элементов (112-114) и внутренние поверхности (118). Каждая из трубок (18) твердооксидных топливных элементов имеет по меньшей мере один открытый конец. С набором трубок (18) твердооксидных топливных элементов сообщается при работе по меньшей мере один коллектор (28) для направления первого реакционного газа и приведения его в соприкосновение с пористыми металлическими внешними поверхностями (116) и для направления второго реакционного газа и приведения его в соприкосновение с внутренними поверхностями (118). Коллектор (28) также включает по меньшей мере одну шину, расположенную ...

Electrode material and solid oxide fuel cell containing the electrode material

The electrode material contains a complex oxide having a perovskite structure represented by a general formula ABO 3 . Each A-site element having a standard deviation of an atomic concentration of 10.3 or less. The atomic concentration is measured by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy at ten spots within one field of view.

Cathode material for fuel cell, cathode for fuel cell including the same, method of manufacturing the cathode, and solid oxide fuel cell including the cathode

A cathode material for a fuel cell, the cathode material for a fuel cell including a lanthanide metal oxide having a perovskite crystal structure; and a bismuth metal oxide represented by Chemical Formula 1 below, Bi 2-x-y A x B y O 3 ,  Chemical Formula 1 wherein A and B are each a metal with a valence of 3, A and B are each independently at least one element selected from a rare earth element and a transition metal element, A and B are different from each other, and 0<x≦0.3 and 0<y≦0.3.

Cathode material for fuel cell, cathode including the cathode material, solid oxide fuel cell including the cathode

A cathode material for a fuel cell, the cathode material including a first metal oxide having a perovskite structure; and a second metal oxide having a spinel structure.

Material for solid oxide fuel cell, cathode including the material and solid oxide fuel cell including the material

A material for a solid oxide fuel cell, the material including: a first compound having a perovskite crystal structure, a first ionic conductivity, a first electronic conductivity, and a first thermal expansion coefficient, wherein the first compound is represented by Formula 1 below; and a second compound having a perovskite crystal structure, a second ionic conductivity, a second electronic conductivity, and a second thermal expansion coefficient, Ba a Sr b Co x Fe y Z 1-x-y O 3-δ ,  Formula 1 wherein Z is a transition metal element, a lanthanide element, or a combination thereof, a and b satisfy 0.4≦a≦0.6 and 0.4≦b≦0.6, respectively, x and y satisfy 0.6≦x≦0.9 and 0.1≦y≦0.4, respectively, and δ is selected so that the first compound is electrically neutral.

Catalyst containing oxygen transport membrane

A composite oxygen transport membrane having a dense layer, a porous support layer and an intermediate porous layer located between the dense layer and the porous support layer. Both the dense layer and the intermediate porous layer are formed from an ionic conductive material to conduct oxygen ions and an electrically conductive material to conduct electrons. The porous support layer has a high permeability, high porosity, and a microstructure exhibiting substantially uniform pore size distribution as a result of using PMMA pore forming materials or a bi-modal particle size distribution of the porous support layer materials. Catalyst particles selected to promote oxidation of a combustible substance are located in the intermediate porous layer and in the porous support adjacent to the intermediate porous layer. The catalyst particles can be formed by wicking a solution of catalyst precursors through the porous support toward the intermediate porous layer.

MATERIAL FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL, CATHODE FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL AND SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL INCLUDING THE SAME, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF

A material for a solid oxide fuel cell, the material including: a first metal oxide represented by Formula 1 and having a perovskite crystal structure; a second metal oxide having an electronic conductivity which is greater than an electrical conductivity of the first metal oxide, a thermal expansion coefficient which is less than a thermal expansion coefficient of the first metal oxide, and having a perovskite crystal structure; and a third metal oxide having a fluorite crystal structure: 1. A material for a solid oxide fuel cell , the material comprising:a first metal oxide represented by Formula 1 and having a perovskite crystal structure; an electronic conductivity which is greater than an electrical conductivity of the first metal oxide,', 'a thermal expansion coefficient which is less than a thermal expansion coefficient of the first metal oxide, and', 'having a perovskite crystal structure; and, 'a second metal oxide having'} {'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'x', 'y', '1-x-y', '3-δ, 'BaSrCoFeZO,\u2003\u2003Formula 1'}, 'a third metal oxide having a fluorite crystal structurewherein Z is at least one element selected from an element of Groups 3 to 12 and a lanthanide element,a and b satisfy 0.4≦a≦0.6, 0.4≦b≦0.6, and a+b≦1,x and y satisfy 0.6≦x≦0.9, 0.1≦y≦0.4, and x+y<1, andδ is selected such that the first metal oxide is electrostatically neutral.2. The material of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in Formula 1 claim 1 , the element of Groups 3 to 12 is at least one selected from manganese (Mn) claim 1 , zinc (Zn) claim 1 , nickel (Ni) claim 1 , titanium (Ti) claim 1 , niobium (Nb) claim 1 , and copper (Cu) claim 1 , and the lanthanide element is at least one selected from holmium (Ho) claim 1 , ytterbium (Yb) claim 1 , erbium (Er) claim 1 , and thulium (Tm).3. The material of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in Formula 1 claim 1 , x and y satisfy 0.7≦x+y≦0.95.4. The material of claim 1 , wherein the first metal oxide has an ionic conductivity of about 0.01 to about 0.03 ...

Metal supported solid oxide fuel cell and method for manufacturing the same

Metal supported solid oxide fuel cells produced by high voltage medium current tri-gas atmospheric plasma spraying are revealed. These fuel cells have better electrical properties, better redox stability, better durability and higher thermal conductivity due to the metal support. Moreover, nano structure of an anode interlayer and nano structure of a cathode interlayer have more three-phase boundaries (TPB) so that performance of the solid oxide fuel cell is improved and the working temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell is reduced. The shape of the solid oxide fuel cell is planar or tubular.

METHOD FOR SYNTHESIZING AIR ELECTRODE POWDER FOR MID- AND LOW- TEMPERATURE SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL ACCORDING TO SOL-GEL PROCESS

Provided is a method for synthesizing air electrode powder, which uses instead of an organic solvent lanthanum-nitrate, strontium-nitrate, cobalt-nitrate, and iron-nitrate, which are affordable and can undergo water-based synthesis, by controlling additional mol ratio and a synthesis temperature of a chelate agent and an esterification reaction accelerating agent instead of complex process controlling conditions, such as a hydrolysis condition and pH in order to control particle shape. 1. A method of synthesizing cathode powder for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) , the method comprising:forming a mixture solution by sequentially mixing lanthanum nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, and iron nitrate as a metal precursor, a chelate agent and an esterification agent;forming a metal salt/chelate complex by heating the mixture solution;forming a sol by heating the metal salt/chelate complex;forming a gel precursor by heating the sol; and{'sub': 0.6', '0.4', '0.2', '0.8', '3-δ, 'forming nano-LaSrCoFeO powder by firing the gel precursor.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chelate agent is any one selected from the group consisting of citric acid (CHO) and glycolic acid (CHO) claim 1 , and the esterification catalyst is ethylene glycol.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor and the chelate agent are mixed at a mole ratio of 1:2 claim 1 , and a chelate complex and the esterification agent are mixed at a mole ratio of 1:1.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor comprises a mixture of La(NO)·6HO claim 1 , Sr(NO) claim 1 , Co(NO)6HO and Fe(NO)·9HO at a mole ratio of 3:2:1:4.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming of the metal salt/chelate complex comprises heating the mixture solution placed in a reactor for 2 hours using a hot plate.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the forming of the sol comprises heating the metal salts/chelate complex at a rate of 5° C./hr in a temperature range of 60 to 80° C. into a polymer.7. The method ...

SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL

A solid oxide fuel cell comprises a solid electrolyte layer, a barrier layer, and a cathode. The cathode includes a cathode current collecting layer and a cathode active layer. The cathode active layer includes a plurality of micro-cracks in an interface region within a predetermined distance from the interface between the cathode current collecting layer and the cathode active layer. 1. A solid oxide fuel cell comprising:an anode;{'sub': '3', 'a cathode containing a perovskite complex oxide expressed by the general formula ABOas a principal component, the perovskite complex oxide including at least one of La or Sr at the A site; and'}a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode;the cathode including a cathode current collecting layer and a cathode active layer, the cathode active layer disposed on a solid electrolyte layer side of the cathode current collecting layer, andat least one of the cathode current collecting layer and the cathode active layer including a plurality of micro-cracks in an interface region within a predetermined distance from an interface between the cathode current collecting layer and the cathode active layer.2. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 , wherein at least one micro-crack of the plurality of micro-cracks is observed in at least one field of arbitrary 20 fields in a cross section of the interface region when the arbitrary 20 fields are observed using a scanning electron microscope with a magnification of 30 claim 1 ,000×.3. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 2 , wherein at least one micro-crack of the plurality of micro-cracks is observed in respectively at least two fields of the arbitrary 20 fields in the cross section of the interface region when the arbitrary 20 fields are observed using a scanning electron microscope with a magnification of 30 claim 2 ,000×.4. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 , wherein an average width of the plurality of micro-cracks is at least 1 ...

SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL

A solid oxide fuel cell comprises a solid electrolyte layer, a barrier layer, and a cathode. The cathode includes a cathode current collecting layer and a cathode active layer. The cathode active layer includes a plurality of micro-cracks in an inner region separated respectively from the interface and the interface. 1. A solid oxide fuel cell comprising:an anode;{'sub': '3', 'a cathode active layer containing a perovskite complex oxide expressed by the general formula ABOas a principal component, the perovskite complex oxide including at least one of La or Sr at the A site; and'}a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode active layer;the cathode active layer including a plurality of micro-cracks in an inner region separated respectively from a surface on the solid electrolyte layer side and a surface on an opposite side to the solid electrolyte layer.2. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 , whereinat least one micro-crack of the plurality of micro-cracks is observed in at least one field of arbitrary 20 fields in a cross section of the inner region when the arbitrary 20 fields are observed using a scanning electron microscope with a magnification of 30,000×.3. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 2 , whereinat least one micro-crack of the plurality of micro-cracks is observed in respectively at least two fields of the arbitrary 20 fields in the cross section of the inner region when the arbitrary 20 fields are observed using a scanning electron microscope with a magnification of 30,000×.4. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 , whereinan average width of the plurality of micro-cracks is at least 1 nanometer to no more than 100 nanometers.5. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 , whereinan average length of the plurality of micro-cracks is at least 100 nanometers to no more than 1000 nanometers.6. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 , comprisinga cathode current collecting layer disposed on ...

SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL

A solid oxide fuel cell comprises a solid electrolyte layer, a barrier layer, and a cathode. The cathode includes a cathode current collecting layer and a cathode active layer. The cathode active layer includes a plurality of micro-cracks in a surface region within a predetermined distance from the interface between the barrier layer and the cathode active layer. 1. A solid oxide fuel cell comprising:an anode;{'sub': '3', 'a cathode containing a perovskite complex oxide expressed by the general formula ABOas a principal component, the perovskite complex oxide including at least one of La or Sr at the A site; and'}a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode;the cathode including a plurality of micro-cracks in a surface region within a predetermined distance from a surface on a solid electrolyte layer side.2. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 , whereinat least one micro-crack of the plurality of micro-cracks is observed in at least one field of arbitrary 20 fields in a cross section of the surface region when the arbitrary 20 fields are observed using a scanning electron microscope with a magnification of 30,000×.3. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 2 , whereinat least one micro-crack of the plurality of micro-cracks is observed in respectively at least two fields of the arbitrary 20 fields in the cross section of the surface region when the arbitrary 20 fields are observed using a scanning electron microscope with a magnification of 30,000×.4. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 , whereinan average width of the plurality of micro-cracks is at least 1 nanometer to no more than 100 nanometers.5. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 , whereinan average length of the plurality of micro-cracks is at least 100 nanometers to no more than 1000 nanometers.6. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 , whereinthe cathode has a cathode current collecting layer, and a cathode active layer disposed between ...

TECHNIQUE FOR DESIGNING AND MANUFACTURING SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL HAVING IMPROVED OUTPUT CAPABILITY IN MID TO LOW TEMPERATURE

The present invention relates to a technique for manufacturing a unit cell for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) which can improve the output of the unit cell of the solid oxide fuel cell, without occurring cost due to an additional process. The unit cell of the solid oxide fuel cell, comprises: a fuel electrode support body; a fuel electrode reaction layer; an electrolyte; and an air electrode, wherein the fuel electrode support body is made from an NiO and YSZ mixed material, the fuel electrode reaction layer is made from a CeScSZ and NiO mixed material, the electrolyte is made from a CeCsSZ material, and wherein the air electrode is made from an LSM and CeScSZ mixed material. 1. A unit cell of a solid oxide fuel cell comprising:an anode supporter formed of a mixture of Nickel(II) oxide (NiO) and Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ);an anode reaction layer formed of a mixture of Cerium Scandia Stabilized Zirconia (CeScSZ) and NiO;an electrolyte formed of CeScSZ; anda cathode formed of a mixture of Lanthanum strontium cobalt (LSM) and CeScSZ.2. The unit cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode reaction layer claim 1 , the electrolyte claim 1 , and the cathode comprise 1Ce10ScSZ powder.3. The unit cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode supporter claim 1 , the anode reaction layer and the electrolyte are manufactured by stacking and cofiring a film manufactured by tape casting.4. The unit cell of claim 3 , wherein the cathode is manufactured by screen printing.5. The unit cell of claim 3 , wherein the anode reaction layer is manufactured by mixing a NiO powder and a CeScSZ powder at 46:54% by weight (wt %).6. The unit cell of claim 5 , wherein the NiO powder has a size of 0.5 micrometers (μm) claim 5 , and the CeScSZ powder has a size of 0.2 to 0.5 um and a specific surface area of 11 square meters/gram (m/g).7. The unit cell of claim 3 , wherein the electrolyte is manufactured by mixing the CeScSZ powder and a solvent at 40:60 wt %.8. The unit cell of claim 7 , wherein the CeScSZ ...

Solid oxide fuel cell stack

A method of manufacturing a solid oxide fuel cell stack, including alternately disposing a plurality of single fuel cells, and a plurality of interconnectors disposed alternately and holding the alternately disposed plurality of single fuel cells and plurality of interconnectors between a pair of end members, forming a space between a first end member and a first interconnector, disposing a junction member composed of an elastic member and an electrically conductive member in the space, and urging a portion of an electrically conductive member and another portion of the electrically member against the first end member and the first interconnector so that a total thickness of the portion of the electrically conductive member, the another portion of the electrically conductive member, and the elastic member prior to being disposed in the space between the first end member and the first interconnector is greater than a height of the space.

DIRECT REFORMING CATALYST FOR MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS, METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME AND METHOD FOR IMPROVING LONG-TERM STABILITY THEREOF BY WETTABILITY CONTROL ON MOLTEN CARBONATE ELECTROLYTE

Disclosed is a homogeneous catalyst having a single phase of Perovskite oxide, wherein at least one doping element is substituted at site A, site B or sites A and B in ABOPerovskite type oxide so that the wettability with a liquid molten carbonate electrolyte may be decreased. The catalyst may have high catalytic activity, inhibit catalyst poisoning caused by creepage and evaporation of a liquid molten carbonate electrolyte, maintain high reaction activity for a long time, provide high methane conversion, and allow production of synthetic gas having a high proportion of hydrogen. 1. A direct reforming catalyst for molten carbonate fuel cells being a homogeneous catalyst having a single phase of Perovskite oxide , wherein at least one doping element is substituted at site A , site B or sites A and B in ABOPerovskite type oxide , and{'sub': '3', 'the substitution with the doping element decreases wettability with a liquid molten carbonate electrolyte as compared to wettability with a liquid molten carbonate electrolyte in non-substituted ABOPerovskite type oxide.'}2. The direct reforming catalyst for molten carbonate fuel cells according to claim 1 , which is a single-phase of Perovskite oxide represented by the following Chemical Formula 1:{'br': None, 'sub': 1-x', 'x', '1-y', 'y', '3, 'ACBDO\u2003\u2003[Chemical Formula 1]'}wherein x is equal to or larger than 0 and smaller than 1, and y is equal to or larger than 0 and smaller than 1, with the proviso that x and y do not represent 0 at the same time;{'sub': '3', 'A and B are elements different from each other and form site A and site B, respectively, in ABOPerovskite type oxide, wherein A is an element having a valence of +2 and B is an element having a valence of +4;'}C and D are doping elements different from each other and have reforming characteristics to hydrocarbon fuel; and{'sub': 1-x', 'x', '1-y', 'y', '3', '3, 'the ACBDOtype Perovskite oxide has lower wettability with a liquid molten carbonate electrolyte ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL CATALYST STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME

The present invention relates to an electrochemical catalyst structure and a method for producing the same. The electrochemical catalyst structure may include a catalyst layer including a perovskite based oxide as an electrochemical oxygen reduction catalyst; and a modifying layer being in contact with the catalyst layer and including a transition metal oxide capable of chemical interaction with a metal of the perovskite based oxide through electron orbital hybridization. 1. An electrochemical catalyst structure comprising:a catalyst layer including a perovskite based oxide as an electrochemical oxygen reduction catalyst; anda modifying layer being in contact with the catalyst layer and including a transition metal oxide capable of chemical interaction with a metal of the perovskite based oxide through an electron orbital hybridization.2. The electrochemical catalyst structure of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite based oxide include a lanthanum manganese oxide (LaMnO) claim 1 , a lanthanum cobalt iron oxide (LaCoFexO) claim 1 , a barium cobalt iron oxide (BaCoFexO) claim 1 , a strontium cobalt oxide (SrCoO) claim 1 , and a doped oxide thereof.3. The electrochemical catalyst structure of claim 2 , wherein the transition metal oxide changes d-band structure which is a valence electron orbital of manganese (Mn) or cobalt (Co).4. The electrochemical catalyst structure of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal oxide chemically interacts with B site transition metal of the perovskite based oxide through the electron orbital hybridization.5. The electrochemical catalyst structure of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal oxide includes at least one oxide of a scandium (Sc) claim 1 , a titanium (Ti) claim 1 , a vanadium (V) claim 1 , a chromium (Cr) claim 1 , a manganese (Mn) claim 1 , an iron (Fe) claim 1 , a cobalt (Co) claim 1 , a nickel (Ni) claim 1 , a copper (Cu) and a zinc (Zn).6. The electrochemical catalyst structure of claim 1 , wherein when the transition metal ...

Method for Preparing SOFC anti-coking Ni-YSZ anode materials

The present disclosure relates to the field of materials, and in particular, to a method for preparing anti-coking Ni-YSZ anode materials for SOFC. The present disclosure provides a method for preparing a SOFC anode material, including: (1) providing the mixed powder of NiO and YSZ; (2) subjecting the mixed powder provided in step (1) to two-phase mutual solid solution treatment; (3) adjusting the particle size of the product obtained in the solid solution treatment in step (2). The SOFC anode material provided by the present disclosure could prepare the SOFC anode with good carbon deposition resistance. The anode material as a whole has the advantages of low cost, good catalytic performance, desirable electronic conductivity and well chemical compatibility with YSZ, etc. The long-term stability of cell performance is strong, and the cell preparation method is also easy to achieve industrialization. 1. A method for preparing a SOFC anode material , comprising:(1) providing a mixed powder of NiO and YSZ;(2) subjecting the mixed powder provided in step (1) to two-phase mutual solid solution treatment;(3) adjusting a particle size of a product obtained in the solid solution treatment in step (2).2. The preparation method according to claim 1 , wherein in the step (1) claim 1 , a specific method for providing the mixed powder of NiO and YSZ is pulverizing and mixing NiO and YSZ;and/or, in the step (1), a weight ratio of NiO and YSZ is 1˜1.8:1;{'sub': 2', '3', '50, 'and/or, in the step (1), when the SOFC anode material is an anode supporting material, the YSZ powder is 3˜8 mol. % YOdoped zirconia, a crystallite size of a NiO raw material is 5˜20 nm, and a particle size of a YSZ raw material is D=0.2˜1.0 μm;'}{'sub': 2', '3', '50, 'and/or, in the step (1), when the SOFC anode material is an anode functional layer material, the YSZ powder is 7˜9 mol. % YOdoped zirconia, a crystallite size of a NiO raw material is 5˜20 nm, and a particle size of a YSZ raw material is D=50˜ ...

SINGLE FUEL CELL, FUEL CELL MODULE, POWER GENERATION SYSTEM, HIGH-TEMPERATURE STEAM ELECTROLYSIS CELL AND METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A single fuel cell according to the present disclosure includes a power generation section, a power non-generation section which does not include the power generation section, and an oxygen-ion-insulating gas seal film arranged so as to cover the surface of the power non-generation section, and the gas seal film is configured by a structure formed by firing a material containing MTiO(M: alkaline earth metal element) and metal oxide. The structure may include a first structure and a second structure which are different in composition, the first structure may include components derived from MTiOin larger amounts than the second structure, the second structure may include a metal element contained in the metal oxide in a larger amount than the first structure, and the area ratio of the second structure in the structure may be not less than 1% and not more than 50%. 1. A single fuel cell comprising:a power generation section in which an anode, an electrolyte, and a cathode are stacked;a power non-generation section that does not include the power generation section; and{'sub': 3', '2, 'an oxygen-ion-insulating gas seal film arranged so as to cover at least a part of a surface of the power non-generation section, wherein the gas seal film comprises a structure formed by firing a material containing MTiO(M: alkaline earth metal element) and metal oxide (excluding TiOand YSZ).'}2. A single fuel cell comprising:a power generation section in which an anode, an electrolyte, and a cathode are stacked;a power non-generation section that does not include the power generation section; and{'sub': (1+x)', '3', '(1+y)', '3, 'an oxygen-ion-insulating gas seal film arranged so as to cover at least a part of a surface of the power non-generation section, wherein the gas seal film comprises a structure formed by firing a material containing MTiO(M: alkaline earth metal element, 0 Подробнее

SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ELECTROLYTE LAYER-ANODE ASSEMBLY

In an SOFC, a solid electrolyte layer and an anode are integrated with each other to provide an electrolyte layer-anode assembly. The anode contains a nickel element and a first proton conductor. The first proton conductor is composed of a first perovskite oxide having proton conductivity. The first perovskite oxide has an AXO-type crystal structure, the A-site containing Ba, the X-site containing Y and at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr and Ce. The nickel element is at least partially in the form of NiO. The anode has a porosity Pof 10% or more by volume when I/I≤0.1, where I/Idenotes a relative intensity ratio of the peak intensity Iof metallic Ni to the peak intensity Iof the NiO in an XRD spectrum of the anode. 1. A solid oxide fuel cell comprising a cell structure including a cathode , an anode , a protonically conductive solid electrolyte layer provided between the cathode and the anode , an oxidant channel to supply an oxidant to the cathode , and a fuel channel to supply a fuel to the anode ,wherein the solid electrolyte layer and the anode are integrated with each other to provide an electrolyte layer-anode assembly,the anode contains a nickel element and a first proton conductor,the first proton conductor is composed of a first perovskite oxide having proton conductivity,{'sub': '3', 'the first perovskite oxide has an AXO-type crystal structure, an A-site containing Ba, an X-site containing Y and at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr and Ce,'}the nickel element is at least partially in the form of NiO, and{'sub': a', 'Ni', 'NiO', 'Ni', 'NiO', 'Ni', 'NiO, 'the anode has a porosity Pof 10% or more by volume when I/I≤0.1, where I/Idenotes a relative intensity ratio of a peak intensity Iof metallic Ni to a peak intensity Iof the NiO in an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the anode.'}2. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 , wherein the porosity Pis 10% by volume to 25% by volume.3. The solid oxide fuel cell according ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING CELL STRUCTURE

A method for producing a cell structure includes: a step of firing a laminated body of a layer containing an anode material and a layer containing a solid electrolyte material, to obtain a joined body of an anode and a solid electrolyte layer; a step of laminating a layer containing a cathode material on a surface of the solid electrolyte layer, and firing the obtained laminated body to obtain a cathode. The anode material contains a metal oxide Ma1 and a nickel compound. The metal oxide Ma1 is a metal oxide having a perovskite structure represented by A1B1M1O(wherein: A1 is at least one of Ba, Ca, and Sr; B1 is at least one of Ce and Zr; M1 is at least one of Y, Yb, Er, Ho, Tm, Gd, In, and Sc; 0.85≤x1≤0.99; 0 Подробнее

ELECTROLYTE LAYER-ANODE COMPOSITE MEMBER AND CELL STRUCTURE

An electrolyte layer-anode composite member includes an anode including a first metal oxide having a perovskite crystal structure, and a solid electrolyte layer including a second metal oxide having a perovskite crystal structure, the anode including at least one of nickel and a nickel compound, the anode having a sheet-like shape, the solid electrolyte layer having a sheet-like shape, the solid electrolyte layer being stacked on the anode, the anode having a thickness Ta of 850 μm or more. The thickness Ta of the anode and a thickness Te of the solid electrolyte layer may satisfy a relation of 0.003≤Te/Ta≤0.036. The thickness Ta of the anode and a diameter Da of the anode may satisfy a relation of 55≤Ta/Da≤300. 1. An electrolyte layer-anode composite member comprising:an anode including a first metal oxide having a perovskite crystal structure; anda solid electrolyte layer including a second metal oxide having a perovskite crystal structure,the anode including at least one of nickel and a nickel compound,the anode having a sheet-like shape,the solid electrolyte layer having a sheet-like shape,the solid electrolyte layer being stacked on the anode,the anode having a thickness Ta of 850μm or more.4. The electrolyte layer-anode composite member according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness Ta of the anode and a thickness Te of the solid electrolyte layer satisfy a relation of 0.003≤Te/Ta≤0.036.5. The electrolyte layer-anode composite member according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness Te of the solid electrolyte layer is 5μm or more and 30μm or less.6. The electrolyte layer-anode composite member according to claim 1 , whereinthe anode has a circular sheet-like shape, andthe thickness Ta of the anode and a diameter Da of the anode satisfy a relation of 55≤Ta/Da≤300.7. The electrolyte layer-anode composite member according to claim 6 , wherein the diameter Da of the anode is 5 cm or more and 15 cm or less.8. The electrolyte layer-anode composite member according to claim ...

BROWNMILLERITE-BASED POLYCRYSTALLINE FUSED PRODUCT

A polycrystalline fused product based on brownmillerite, includes, for more than 95% of its weight, of the elements Ca, Sr, Fe, O, M and M′, the contents of the elements being defined by the formula XMFeM′O, wherein the atomic indices are such that 0.76≤y≤1.10, z≤0.21, 0.48≤t≤1.15 and u≤0.52, 0.95≤y+z≤1.10, and 0.95≤t+u≤1.10, X being Ca or Sr or a mixture of Ca and Sr, M being an element chosen from the group formed by La, Ba and mixtures thereof, M′ being an element chosen from the group formed by Ti, Cu, Gd, Mn, Al, Sc, Ga, Mg, Ni, Zn, Pr, In, Co, and mixtures thereof, the sum of the atomic indices of Ti and Cu being less than or equal to 0.1. 1. A polycrystalline fused product based on brownmillerite , consisting , for more than 95% of its weight , of the elements Ca , Sr , Fe , O , M and M′ , the contents of said elements being defined by the formula XMFeM′O , wherein the atomic indices are such that 0.76≤y≤1.10 , z≤0.21 , 0.48≤t≤1.10 and u≤0.52 , 0.95≤y+z≤1.10 , and 0.95≤t+u≤1.10 , X being Ca or Sr or a mixture of Ca and Sr , M being an element chosen from the group formed by La , Ba and mixtures thereof , M′ being an element chosen from the group formed by Ti , Cu , Gd , Mn , Al , Sc , Ga , Mg , Ni , Zn , Pr , In , Co , and mixtures thereof , the sum of the atomic indices of Ti and Cu being less than or equal to 0.1.2. The fused product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein 0.85≤y≤1.05 and/or z≤0.15 and/or 0.75≤t≤1.05 and/or u≤0.25.3. The fused product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the content of brownmillerite phase is greater than 50%.4. The fused product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein z=0.5. The fused product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein u=0.6. The fused product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein z=0 and u=0.7. The fused product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the element M′ is chosen from Ti claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Mn and mixtures thereof.8. The fused product as claimed in claim 1 , of formulation XMFeM′O claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , ...

COMPOSITION FOR FUEL CELL ELECTRODE

In some examples, a fuel cell including an anode; electrolyte; and cathode separated from the anode by the electrolyte, wherein the cathode includes a Pr-nickelate based material with (PrA)(NiB)Oas a general formula, where n is 1 as an integer, A is an A-site dopant including of a metal of a group formed by one or more lanthanides, and B is a B-site dopant including of a metal of a group formed by one or more transition metals, wherein the A and B-site dopants are provided such that there is an increase in phase-stability and reduction in degradation of the Pr-nickelate based material, and A is at least one metal cation of lanthanides, La, Nd, Sm, or Gd, B is at least one metal cation of transition metals, Cu, Co, Mn, Zn, or Cr, where: 0 Подробнее

SURFACE MODIFIED SOFC CATHODE PARTICLES AND METHODS OF MAKING SAME

A novel method to modify the surface of lanthanum and strontium containing cathode powders before or after sintering by depositing layers of gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) and/or samarium doped ceria or similar materials via atomic layer deposition on the powders. The surface modified powders are sintered into porous cathodes that have utility enhancing the electrochemical performance of the cathodes, particularly for use in solid oxide fuel cells. Similar enhancements are observed for surface treatment of sintered cathodes. 1. A cathode powder , the powder particles of the cathode powder having an oxide surface layer comprising a metal oxide , wherein the metal is a rare earth element , and wherein the oxide surface layer is deposited by atomic layer deposition.2. The cathode powder of wherein the rare earth element is ceria.3. The cathode powder of wherein the rare earth element is samaria.4. The cathode powder of wherein the rare earth element is gadolinia.5. The cathode powder of wherein a dopant of samaria is incorporated in the oxide surface layer.6. The cathode powder of wherein a dopant of gadolinia is incorporated in the oxide surface layer.7. The cathode powder of wherein the powder particles comprise lanthanum and strontium.8. The cathode powder of wherein the powder particles comprise lanthanum strontium cobalt iron oxide.9. The cathode powder of wherein the powder particles are sintered after deposition of the oxide surface layer claim 1 , and the sintered material is a cathode.10. A performance enhancing layer or nodules deposited on a cathode powder claim 1 , wherein the layer or nodules are deposited by atomic layer deposition claim 1 , and after deposition the cathode powder is sintered.11. The performance enhancing layer or nodules of wherein the performance enhancing layer is lanthanum strontium manganate.12. The performance enhancing nodules of wherein the performance enhancing nodules are comprised of at least one of Pt claim 10 , Ir claim 10 , or ...

STRONTIUM MAGNESIUM MOLYBDENUM OXIDE MATERIAL HAVING DOUBLE PEROVSKITE STRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME

The present invention relates to a strontium magnesium molybdenum oxide material having perovskite structure and the method for preparing the same. Citric acid is adopted as the chelating agent. By using sol-gel pyrolysis and replacing a portion of strontium in SrMgMoOby cerium and a portion of magnesium by copper, a material with a chemical formula of SrCeMgCuMoOis produced, where 0≦x<2, 0 Подробнее

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS COMPRISING THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3D) ELECTRODES INCLUDING A 3D ARCHITECTURED MATERIAL, RELATED SYSTEMS, METHODS FOR FORMING THE 3D ARCHITECTURED MATERIAL, AND RELATED METHODS OF FORMING HYDROGEN

An electrochemical cell comprising a three-dimensional (3D) electrode, another electrode, and an electrolyte. The 3D electrode comprises a 3D architectured material. Methods of forming the 3D architectured material are also disclosed, as are methods of using the 3D architectured material in methods of forming hydrogen. 1. An electrochemical cell , comprising:a three-dimensional (3D) electrode comprising a 3D architectured material;another electrode; andan electrolyte between the 3D electrode and the another electrode.2. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the 3D electrode comprises a porous material.3. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the 3D electrode comprises fibers and metal oxide particles.4. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 , wherein the fibers of the 3D electrode comprise hollow fibers and include pores on sidewalls thereof.5. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the 3D electrode comprises an oxygen ion-conducting oxide material claim 1 , a triple-conducting oxide material claim 1 , a double perovskite material claim 1 , a single perovskite material claim 1 , a Ruddleson-Popper-type perovskite material claim 1 , a single perovskite/perovskite composite material claim 1 , a cermet material comprising at least one metal and at least one perovskite claim 1 , or a combination thereof.6. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the 3D electrode comprises a chemical formula of MBaSrCoFeO claim 1 , wherein x and y are dopant levels claim 1 , δ is the oxygen deficit claim 1 , and M is praseodymium claim 1 , neodymium claim 1 , or samarium or a chemical formula of MNiO claim 1 , wherein δ is the oxygen deficit and M is lanthanum claim 1 , praseodymium claim 1 , gadolinium claim 1 , or samarium.7. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the 3D electrode comprises BaSrCoFeO claim 1 , PrBaCoO claim 1 , PrBaSrCoFeO claim 1 , PrBaSrCoFeO claim 1 , NdBaSrCoFeO claim 1 , SmBaSrCoFeO claim 1 , SmSrCoO claim 1 , BaZrCoFeYO claim 1 , ...

FUEL CELL AND CATHODE MATERIAL

A fuel cell includes an anode, a cathode and a solid electrolyte layer that is disposed between the anode and the cathode. The cathode includes a main phase and a sub phase. The main phase is composed mostly of perovskite oxide which is expressed by the general formula ABOand includes at least Sr at the A site. The sub phase is composed mostly of strontium sulfate. An occupied area ratio of the sub phase in a cross section of the cathode is no more than 10.2%. 1. A fuel cell comprising:an anode;{'sub': '3', 'a cathode including a main phase and a sub phase, the main phase composed mostly of perovskite oxide which is expressed by the general formula ABOand includes at least Sr at the A site, the sub phase composed mostly of strontium sulfate; and'}a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode;an occupied area ratio of the sub phase in a cross section of the cathode being no more than 10.2%.2. The fuel cell according to claim 1 , whereinthe occupied area ratio of the sub phase is at least 0.35%.3. The fuel cell according to claim 1 , whereinan average value of an equivalent circle diameter in the cross section is at least 0.05 micrometers to no more than 2 micrometers.4. The fuel cell according to claim 1 , whereina density of the sub phase is smaller than a density of the main phase.5. The fuel cell according to claim 1 , whereinthe perovskite oxide is LSCF.6. A cathode material comprising:{'sub': '3', 'strontium sulfate and perovskite oxide which is expressed by the general formula ABOand includes at least Sr at the A site,'}a content ratio of strontium sulfate being no more than 11.7 wt %.7. The cathode material according to claim 6 , whereinthe content ratio of strontium sulfate is at least 0.11 wt %.8. A fuel cell comprising:an anode;{'sub': '3', 'a cathode including a main phase and a sub phase, the main phase composed mostly of perovskite oxide which is expressed by the general formula ABOand include at least Sr at the A site, the sub ...

FUEL CELL

A fuel cell comprises an anode, a cathode, and a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The cathode includes a main phase configured by a perovskite oxide including at least one of La or Sr at the A site and that is expressed by the general formula ABO, and a secondary phase configured by strontium oxide. The occupied surface area ratio of the secondary phase in a cross section of the cathode is greater than or equal to 0.05% and less than or equal to 3%. 1. A fuel cell comprising;an anode,{'sub': '3', 'a cathode containing a main phase and a secondary phase, the main phase being configured by a perovskite oxide including at least one of La or Sr at the A site, the main phase being expressed by the general formula ABO, and the secondary phase being configured by strontium oxide, and'}a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, andan occupied surface area ratio of the secondary phase in a cross section of the cathode is greater than or equal to 0.05% and less than or equal to 3%.2. The fuel cell according to claim 1 , whereinan average equivalent circle diameter of the secondary phase in the cross section of the cathode is greater than or equal to 10 nm and less than or equal to 500 mm. The present invention relates to a fuel cell.A typical fuel cell is known to include an anode, a cathode, and a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode.The material used in the cathode is suitably a perovskite oxide including at least one of La or Sr at the A site and that is expressed by the general formula ABO. (For example, reference is made to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-32132).However, the fuel cell output may be reduced by repetitive power generation. The present inventors have gained the new insight that one cause of a reduction in output results from deterioration of the cathode, and that such deterioration of the cathode is related to the proportion of strontium oxide that is ...

FUEL CELL OR ELECTROLYSER

A fuel cell or an electrolyser includes at least one electrode and at least one polymer electrolyte membrane. The electrode includes a catalyst system comprising a carrier metal oxide and a catalyst material. The catalyst material is formed by an electrically conductive metal phosphate in the form of a metaphosphate of the general chemical formula Me(PO), where Me=metal, z=valency of the metal Me, and n is within the range of 1 to 10. 1. A fuel cell or an electrolyser , comprising:at least one electrode; and{'sup': 'z', 'sub': n+2', 'n', '3n+1', 'z, 'at least one polymer electrolyte membrane, the electrode comprising a catalyst system comprising a carrier metal oxide and a catalyst material, the catalyst material being formed by an electrically conductive metal phosphate in the form of a metaphosphate of a general chemical formula Me(PO), where'}Me=a metal,z=a valency of the metal Me, andn is within a range of 1 to 10.2. The fuel cell or electrolyser according to claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive metal phosphate has an electrical conductivity of at least 10 S/cm.3. The fuel cell or electrolyser according to claim 1 , wherein the carrier metal oxide contains at least one metal from a group comprising: tin claim 1 , tantalum claim 1 , niobium claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , zirconium claim 1 , hafnium claim 1 , aluminum.4. The fuel cell or electrolyser according to claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive metal phosphate contains at least one metal from a group comprising: tantalum claim 1 , niobium claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , zirconium claim 1 , hafnium.5. The fuel cell or electrolyser according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst system further comprises platinum.6. The fuel cell or electrolyser according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the carrier metal oxide and the metal phosphate is doped with at least one of iridium and ruthenium.7. The fuel cell or electrolyser according to claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive metal phosphate is ...

POWDER FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL AIR ELECTRODE, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAID POWDER FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL AIR ELECTRODE

A powder for an air electrode in a solid oxide fuel cell, the powder consisting of: a metal composite oxide having a perovskite-type single phase crystal structure represented by A1A2BO, where the element A1 is at least one selected from the group consisting of La and Sm, the element A2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, and Ba, the element B is at least one selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni, 0 Подробнее

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL AND HYDROGEN GENERATION METHOD

An electrochemical cell of the present disclosure includes a first cell and a second cell. The first cell includes a first electrolyte layer containing an oxide ion conductor. The second cell includes a second electrolyte layer containing a proton conductor, and the second cell is disposed to face the first cell. 1. An electrochemical cell comprising:a first cell including a first electrolyte layer containing an oxide ion conductor; anda second cell including a second electrolyte layer containing a proton conductor, the second cell being disposed to face the first cell.2. The electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , further comprising a gas path provided between the first cell and the second cell claim 1 , whereinthe first cell and the second cell face each other across the gas path.3. The electrochemical cell according to claim 2 , wherein a downstream end of the gas path is dosed.4. The electrochemical cell according to claim 2 , further comprising a porous layer disposed between the first cell and the second cell claim 2 , whereinat least a part of the gas path is composed of the porous layer,5. The electrochemical cell according to claim 2 , further comprising a support disposed in the gas path and the support is in contact with the first cell and the second cell claim 2 ,6. The electrochemical cell according to claim 2 , wherein a flow path cross-sectional area of an upstream part of the gas path is larger than a flow path cross-sectional area of a downstream part of the gas path.1. electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , whereinthe first cell further includes a first electrode and a second electrode,in the first cell, the first electrolyte layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode,the second cell further includes a third electrode and a fourth electrode,in the second cell, the second electrolyte layer is disposed between the third electrode and the fourth electrode, andthe first electrode and the third electrode face each ...

Fuel cell system and its use

A fuel cell system is provided, including a fuel cell stack with a plurality of cathodes ( 30 ) and anodes ( 34 ), wherein an oxidizing gas containing oxygen is feedable to the stack on the cathode side and a fuel gas is feedable to the stack on the anode side, and a reformer for generating the fuel gas from a fuel. The fuel cell stack includes a catalytically active material ( 42 ) which is arranged in the anode-side regions such that the fuel gas flows through the material upstream of the anode ( 34 ), wherein the catalytically active material catalyzes the reaction of carbon monoxide and water to carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

Hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide, method for making the same, and primary battery

A hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide is provided. The hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide has a structural formula of ABO x H y , wherein A is one or more of alkaline earth metal elements and rare-earth metal elements, B is one or more of transition metal elements, x is a numeric value in a range of 1 to 3, and y is a numeric value in a range of 0 to 2.5. The present disclosure further provides a primary battery by using the hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide as electrodes and a method for making the hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide.

CERAMIC CATHODE MATERIAL AND PREPARATION METHOD OF THE SAME

A ceramic cathode material used in a fuel cell and a preparation method for the same are disclosed. The disclosed ceramic cathode material is prepared by a mix of lanthanum-based compound, cobalt-based compound, and copper-based compound in order to be used in intermediate/low temperature fuel cell. The ceramic cathode material may be represented in LaCoCuOwith x ranging from 0.01 to 0.3 and y ranging from 0.7 to 0.99. The prepared ceramic cathode material may be associated with high electrical conductivity and reduced coefficient of thermal expansion when operating in the temperature range between 500 and 800 degrees Celsius. 1. A ceramic cathode material used in a fuel cell , wherein the ceramic cathode material is represented in LaCoCuO , the sum of x and y equals to 1 , and δ stands for oxygen vacancy value.2. The ceramic cathode material according to claim 1 , wherein x ranges from 0.01 to 0.3 and y ranges from 0.7 to 0.99.3. The ceramic cathode material according to claim 1 , wherein the ceramic cathode material is prepared by having a lanthanum-based compound claim 1 , a cobalt-based compound and a copper-based compound mixed and using a solid state synthesis or a gel synthesis.4. The ceramic cathode material according to claim 3 , wherein the lanthanum-based compound comprises lanthanum oxide claim 3 , lanthanum chloride lanthanum nitrate claim 3 , lanthanum acetate claim 3 , lanthanum oxalate or organic metallic salt with lanthanum.5. The ceramic cathode material according to claim 3 , wherein the cobalt-based compound comprises cobalt oxide claim 3 , cobalt chloride claim 3 , cobalt nitrate claim 3 , cobalt acetate claim 3 , cobalt oxalate claim 3 , or organic metallic salt with cobalt.6. The ceramic cathode material according to claim 3 , wherein the copper-based compound comprises copper oxide claim 3 , copper chloride claim 3 , copper nitrate claim 3 , copper acetate claim 3 , copper oxalate or organic metallic salt with copper.7. A method for preparing ...

CERAMIC CATHODE MATERIAL OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

A ceramic cathode material of a solid oxide fuel cell and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The method includes mixing a lanthanum-containing compound, a cobalt-containing compound, a nickel-containing compound, and a copper-containing compound, for preparing the ceramic cathode material of the solid oxide fuel cell of intermediate/low type. The ceramic cathode material of the solid oxide fuel cell is LaCoNiCuO. X ranges from 0.01 to 0.3, y ranges from 0 to 0.89, and z ranges from 0.1 to 0.99. The ceramic cathode material manufactured by mixing the lanthanum-containing compound, the cobalt-containing compound, the nickel-containing compound, and the copper-containing compound when operating within the temperature range from 500 to 800 degrees Celsius is of high electrical conductivity and reduced thermal expansion coefficient. 1. A ceramic cathode material of a solid oxide fuel cell , wherein a chemical formula of the ceramic cathode material is LaCoNiCuO , x+y+z=1 , and δ is an oxygen vacancy value.2. The ceramic cathode material of the solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 , wherein x ranges from 0.01 to 0.3 claim 1 , y ranges from 0 to 0.89 claim 1 , and z ranges from 0.1 to 0.99.3. The ceramic cathode material of the solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 , wherein the ceramic cathode material is a mixture of a lanthanum-containing compound claim 1 , a cobalt-containing compound claim 1 , a nickel-containing compound claim 1 , and a copper-containing compound claim 1 , and is made by solid synthesis method or gel synthesis method.4. The ceramic cathode material of the solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 3 , wherein the lanthanum-containing compound is a lanthanum-containing oxide claim 3 , a lanthanum-containing chloride claim 3 , a lanthanum-containing nitrate claim 3 , a lanthanum-containing acetate claim 3 , a lanthanum-containing oxalate claim 3 , or a lanthanum-containing organic metal salt.5. The ceramic cathode material of the ...

Cost-Effective Solid State Reactive Sintering Method for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells

The present invention relates to a protonic ceramic fuel cell and a method of making the same. More specifically, the method relates to a cost-effective route which utilizes a single moderate-temperature (less than or equal to about 1400° C.) sintering step to achieve the sandwich structure of a PCFC single cell (dense electrolyte, porous anode, and porous cathode bone). The PCFC layers are stably connected together by the intergrowth of proton conducting ceramic phases. The resulted PCFC single cell exhibits excellent performance (about 450 mW/cmat about 500° C.) and stability (greater than about 50 days) at intermediate temperatures (less than or equal to about 600° C.). The present invention also relates to a two step method for forming a PCFC, and the resulting PCFC. 1. A method for fabricating a protonic ceramic fuel cell , comprising:sintering in a single step a dense electrolyte, a porous anode and a porous cathode bone with a proton conducting ceramic at a temperature of less than about 1400° C. to form the protonic ceramic fuel cell comprising an electrolyte, an anode and a cathode bone.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a precursor material for the porous anode is at least one of a BCZYYb claim 1 , a BCZY63 claim 1 , a BZY20 and a NiO.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anode is at least one of BCZYYb/Ni 1% claim 1 , or BCZY63/Cu.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the precursor material of the porous anode is the BCZYYB and the NiO.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the porous anode comprises between about 40 wt. % to about 50 wt. % of the BCZYYb and between about 50 wt. % to about 60 wt. % of the NiO.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the precursor material of the porous anode is the BCZY63 and the NiO.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the porous anode comprises between about 40 wt. % to about 50 wt. % of the BCZY63 and between about 50 wt. % to about 60 wt. % of the NiO.8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the precursor material of the porous anode is ...

TUBE-TYPE SOLID-OXIDE SECONDARY BATTERY

Disclosed is a tube-type solid-oxide secondary battery. 1. A tube-type solid-oxide secondary battery , comprising:a tube-type electrolyte support;a first electrode disposed on an inner wall of the tube-type electrolyte support;a second electrode disposed on an outer wall of the tube-type electrolyte support; anda metal and/or a metal oxide disposed inside the tube-type electrolyte support.2. A tube-type solid-oxide secondary battery , comprising:a tube-type first electrode support;an electrolyte disposed on an outer wall of the tube-type first electrode support;a second electrode disposed on an upper side of the electrolyte; anda metal and/or a metal oxide disposed inside the tube-type first electrode support.3. The tube-type solid-oxide secondary battery of claim 1 , further comprising a pipe for supplying hydrogen or water vapor into the tube-type electrolyte support and a pipe for exhausting hydrogen or water vapor therefrom.4. The tube-type solid-oxide secondary battery of claim 2 , further comprising a pipe for supplying hydrogen or water vapor into the tube-type first electrode support and a pipe for exhausting hydrogen or water vapor therefrom.5. The tube-type solid-oxide secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode comprises at least one selected from among NiO claim 1 , a mixture of NiO and YSZ claim 1 , a mixture of NiO and GDC (Gd-doped CeO) claim 1 , and a precious metal stable to oxidation and reduction.6. The tube-type solid-oxide secondary battery of claim 5 , wherein the precious metal is Pt.7. The tube-type solid-oxide secondary battery of claim 2 , wherein the first electrode support comprises at least one selected from among NiO claim 2 , a mixture of NiO and YSZ claim 2 , a mixture of NiO and GDC (Gd-doped CeO) claim 2 , and a precious metal stable to oxidation and reduction.8. The tube-type solid-oxide secondary battery of claim 7 , wherein the precious metal is Pt.9. The tube-type solid-oxide secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein ...

Solid electrolyte laminate, method for manufacturing solid electrolyte laminate, and fuel cell

Provided is a solid electrolyte laminate comprising a solid electrolyte layer having proton conductivity and a cathode electrode layer laminated on one side of the solid electrolyte layer and made of lanthanum strontium cobalt oxide (LSC). Also provided is a method for manufacturing the solid electrolyte. This solid electrolyte laminate can further comprise an anode electrode layer made of nickel-yttrium doped barium zirconate (Ni—BZY). This solid electrolyte laminate is suitable for a fuel cell operating in an intermediate temperature range less than or equal to 600° C.

CATHODE MATERIAL AND FUEL CELL

A cathode material used in an anode and a cathode contains (Co,Fe)Oand a perovskite type oxide that is expressed by the general formula ABOand includes at least one of La and Sr at the A site. A content ratio of (Co,Fe)Oin the cathode material is at least 0.23 wt % and no more than 8.6 wt %. 1. A cathode material containing (Co ,Fe)Oand a perovskite type oxide , the perovskite type oxide being expressed by the general formula ABOand including at least one of La and Sr at the A site , wherein{'sub': 3', '4, 'a content ratio of (Co,Fe)Ois at least 0.23 wt % and no more than 8.6 wt %.'}2. The cathode material according to claim 1 , wherein the perovskite type oxide is LSCF.3. The cathode material according to claim 1 , wherein a content ratio of the perovskite type oxide is 91.4 wt % or more.4. The cathode material according to claim 1 , wherein the (Co claim 1 ,Fe)Ois at least one selected from the group consisting of CoFeO claim 1 , CoFeOand CoFeO. This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/819,572 filed on Aug. 6, 2015, which is a continuation application of International Application No. PCT/JP2014/059861, filed Apr. 3, 2014, which claims priority to Japanese Application No. 2013-084154, filed in Japan on Apr. 12, 2013, the contents of each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.The present invention relates to a cathode material and a fuel cell.In recent years, fuel cell batteries have attracted attention in light of effective use of energy resources and environmental problems. A fuel cell includes a fuel battery cell and an interconnector. A fuel cell generally includes an anode, a cathode and a solid electrolyte layer that is disposed between the anode and the cathode.A widely known configuration for the raw material of the cathode is a perovskite type oxide such as LSCF. (For example, reference is made to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-32132).However, repetitive use of the fuel cell for power ...

METHODS FOR USING NOVEL CATHODE AND ELECTROLYTE MATERIALS FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS AND ION TRANSPORT MEMBRANES

Methods using novel cathode, electrolyte and oxygen separation materials operating at intermediate temperatures for use in solid oxide fuel cells and ion transport membranes include oxides with perovskite related structures and an ordered arrangement of A site cations. The materials have significantly faster oxygen kinetics than in corresponding disordered perovskites. 2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:using the produced electric power in an electric device.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a maximum power densities ranges from 9.6 mW/cmat 500° C. to 69.4 mW/cmat 700° C.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein A is selected from the group consisting of Ba claim 1 , Sr or Pb or mixture or combinations thereof claim 1 , A′ is selected from the group consisting of Y claim 1 , La claim 1 , Ce claim 1 , Pr claim 1 , Nd claim 1 , Pm claim 1 , Sm claim 1 , Eu claim 1 , Gd claim 1 , Tb claim 1 , Dy claim 1 , Ho claim 1 , Er claim 1 , Tm claim 1 , Yb claim 1 , and Lu or mixtures or combinations thereof claim 1 , B is selected from a first transition elements excluding scandium claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , and zinc or mixtures or combinations thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein B is selected from the group consisting of manganese claim 1 , iron claim 1 , cobalt and nickel or mixtures or combinations thereof.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein B is selected from the group consisting of iron claim 1 , cobalt and mixtures or combinations thereof.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein B is iron.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein B is cobalt.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein p ranges from 1 to 4.10. The method of claim 7 , wherein if p is 4 claim 7 , then q ranges from 1 to 4 and r ranges from 0 to 4 so that p≧q and q≧r and p≧r.11. The method of claim 7 , wherein p is greater than q claim 7 , q greater than r claim 7 , and p is greater than r.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein A is Ba claim 1 , A′ is selected from the group consisting of Y claim 1 , La claim ...

COMPOSITE OXIDE POWDER FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL AND ITS PRODUCTION METHOD

To provide a composite oxide powder for a solid oxide fuel cell containing lanthanum, strontium and/or calcium, manganese and oxygen and having a highly uniform composition, and its production method. 1. A composite oxide powder comprising lanthanum , strontium and/or calcium , manganese and oxygen , wherein when the lanthanum content (w(wt %)) and the manganese content (w(wt %)) calculated from the peak area ratio of the Lα ray of lanthanum and the Kα ray of manganese in each of 12 lattice points divided into a lattice form each 8 μm on a side , as portions to be analyzed , in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the composite oxide powder measured by an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) attached to the scanning electron microscope , satisfy the relation of formula (1) , the coefficient of variation (α) of the lanthanum content in the 12 lattice points is at most 6.0% , and the coefficient of variation (β) of the manganese content in the 12 lattice points is at most 13.0%:{'br': None, 'i': w', '+w, 'sub': a', 'b, '=100 (wt%)\u2003\u2003formula (1).'}2. The composite oxide powder according to claim 1 , wherein the coefficient of variation (α) of the lanthanum content is at most 5.0% claim 1 , and the coefficient of variation (δ) of the manganese content is at most 10.0%.3. The composite oxide powder according to claim 1 , which is represented by the following formula (I):{'br': None, 'sub': 1-x', 'x', '1-α', '3+δ, '(LaA)MnO\u2003\u2003(I)'}wherein A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Sr and Ca, and 0 Подробнее

Alternative Anode Material for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Anode materials comprising various compositions of strontium iron cobalt molybdenum oxide (SFCM) for low- or intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFCs) are provided. These materials offer high conductivity achievable at intermediate and low temperatures and can be used to prepare the anode layer of a SOFC. A method of making a low- or intermediate temperature SOFC having an anode layer including SFCM is also provided. 1. A solid-oxide fuel cell comprising:a cathode layer;an electrolyte layer; andan anode layer, the anode layer comprising a strontium iron cobalt molybdenum (SFCM) oxide material.2. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode layer is configured to allow electron percolation through the strontium iron cobalt molybdenum oxide material.3. The solid oxide fuel cell of or claim 1 , wherein the SFCM oxide material has the formula:{'br': None, 'i': M', 'M, 'sup': 1', '2, 'sub': x', '((1−x)/2)', '((1−x)/2)', '3±δ, 'SrMoO'} [{'sup': '1', 'Mis a transition metal;'}, {'sup': '2', 'Mis a transition metal;'}, {'sup': 1', '2', '1', '2, 'wherein Mdoes not equal M, and neither Mnor Mis Mo;'}, 'x is about 0.1-0.5; and', 'δ is about 0-1.5., 'wherein4. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the SFCM oxide material has the formula:{'br': None, 'i': M', 'M, 'sup': 1', '2, 'sub': x', 'y', 'z', '3, 'SrMoO'} [{'sup': '1', 'Mis a transition metal;'}, {'sup': '2', 'Mis a transition metal;'}, {'sup': 1', '2', '1', '2, 'wherein Mdoes not equal M, and neither Mnor Mis Mo;'}, 'x is about 0.1-0.5;', 'y is about 1−x; and', 'z is about 1−x., 'wherein5. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 3 , wherein x is about 0.1-0.4.6. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 3 , wherein x is about 0.1-0.3.7. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 3 , wherein x is about 0.1-0.25.8. The solid oxide fuel cell of any one of - claim 3 , wherein the cathode layer comprises a composite comprising:(a) a material selected from the group consisting of lanthanum strontium cobalt iron ...

OXYGEN PERMEABLE ELEMENT AND SPUTTERING TARGET MATERIAL

An oxygen permeable element includes an anode, a cathode, and a solid electrolyte. With a voltage applied between the anode and the cathode, oxygen gas in the cathode side atmosphere is allowed to pass through the solid electrolyte to the anode side. The oxygen permeable element has interlayers located between the solid electrolyte and at least one of the cathode and the anode, at least one interlayer containing an oxide of bismuth. The solid electrolyte contains an oxide of lanthanum. 1. An oxygen permeable element comprising an anode , a cathode , and a solid electrolyte located between the anode and the cathode and , with a voltage applied between the anode and the cathode , being capable of allowing oxygen gas in the cathode side atmosphere to pass through the solid electrolyte to the anode side ,the oxygen permeable element further comprising an interlayer located between the solid electrolyte and at least one of the anode and the cathode,at least one interlayer comprising an oxide of bismuth, andthe solid electrolyte comprising an oxide of lanthanum.2. The oxygen permeable element according to claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte comprises a complex oxide containing lanthanum and silicon.3. The oxygen permeable element according to claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte comprises a complex oxide represented by formula: La[TM]Owherein T is Si and/or Ge; M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of B claim 1 , Ge claim 1 , Zn Sn claim 1 , W claim 1 , and Mo; x is a number of −1.00 to 1.00; y is a number of 1.00 to 3.00; and z is a number of −2.00 to 2.00; and the ratio of the number of moles of La to the number of moles of M is 3.00 to 10.0.4. The oxygen permeable element according to claim 1 , wherein the interlayer has a thickness of 1 nm to 350 nm.5. The oxygen permeable element according to claim 1 , wherein the interlayer comprises a complex oxide containing bismuth and a rare earth element.6. The oxygen permeable element according to ...

FUEL CELL

A fuel cell comprises an anode, a cathode, and a solid electrolyte layer. The cathode contains a perovskite composite oxide as a main component and contains a compound that includes at least one of S and Cr as a secondary component. The cathode has a surface on the opposite side to the solid electrolyte layer. The surface of the cathode includes a first region and a second region that is positioned downstream of the first region in relation to the direction of oxidant gas flow in which the oxidant gas flows over the surface. The first region and the second region respectively contain a main phase configured by a perovskite composite oxide and a secondary phase that is configured by the compound. The occupied surface area ratio of the secondary phase in the first region is greater than the occupied surface area ratio of the secondary phase in the second region. 1. A fuel cell comprisingan anode,a cathode being supplied with an oxidant gas, anda solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode,the cathode containing a perovskite composite oxide as a main component and a compound as a secondary component, the compound including at least one of S and Cr,a surface of the cathode on the opposite side to the solid electrolyte layer including a first region and a second region, the second region positioned downstream of the first region in relation to a direction of oxidant gas flow in which the oxidant gas flows over the surface of the cathode,the first region and the second region respectively contain a main phase configured by a perovskite composite oxide and a secondary phase configured by the compound, andan occupied surface area ratio of the secondary phase in the first region being greater than an occupied surface area ratio of the secondary phase in the second region.2. The fuel cell according to claim 1 , whereinthe occupied surface area ratio of the secondary phase in the first region is greater than or equal to 3% and less than or equal to 15%, ...

Process for Forming a Metal Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

A process for forming a metal supported solid oxide fuel cell is provided. The process can include the steps of: a) applying a green anode layer including nickel oxide and a rare earth-doped ceria to a metal substrate; b) prefiring the anode layer under non-reducing conditions to form a composite; c) firing the composite in a reducing atmosphere to form a sintered cermet; d) providing an electrolyte; and e) providing a cathode; wherein the reducing atmosphere comprises an oxygen source, a metal supported solid oxide fuel cell formed during this process, fuel cell stacks and the use of these fuel cells. 2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reducing atmosphere of firing step c) comprises an inert gas claim 1 , a gaseous reducing agent and a gaseous oxygen source.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the reducing agent is selected from hydrogen claim 2 , carbon monoxide and combinations thereof.4. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the gaseous oxygen source is selected from carbon dioxide claim 2 , water vapour and combinations thereof.5. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the reducing atmosphere of firing step c) comprises in the range 0.01 to 50 volume % of the oxygen source and/or 0.5 to 50 volume % reducing agent.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein an oxygen partial pressure in the reducing atmosphere of step c) is in the range 10to 10bar.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein in firing step c) the nickel oxide is reduced to nickel metal prior to sintering.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein in firing step c) the nickel oxide is at least partially sintered prior to reduction to nickel metal.9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the pre-firing of the green anode layer and the firing of the composite occurs at a temperature in the range 950° C. to 1100° C.10. The process according to claim 1 , comprising bracing the metal substrate during at least one of a heating step selected ...

Metal Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

A process for forming a metal supported solid oxide fuel cell, the process comprising the steps of: a) applying a green anode layer including nickel oxide, copper oxide and a rare earth-doped ceria to a metal substrate; b) firing the green anode layer to form a composite including oxides of nickel, copper, and a rare earth-doped ceria; c) providing an electrolyte; and d) providing a cathode. Metal supported solid oxide fuel cells comprising an anode a cathode and an electrolyte, wherein the anode includes nickel, copper and a rare earth-doped ceria, fuel cell stacks and uses of these fuel cells. 1. A process for forming a metal supported solid oxide fuel cell , the process comprising the steps of:a) applying a green anode layer including nickel oxide, copper oxide and a rare earth-doped ceria to a metal substrate;b) firing the green anode layer to form a composite including oxides of nickel, copper, and a rare earth-doped ceria;c) providing an electrolyte; andd) providing a cathode.2. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising a step of compressing the green anode layer at pressures in the range 100 to 300 MPa.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the firing of the green anode layer occurs at a temperature in the range 950 to 1100° C.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the nickel oxide claim 1 , copper oxide and rare earth-doped ceria are powdered claim 1 , the powders being of particle size distribution d90 in the range 0.1 to 4 μm.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the nickel oxide claim 1 , copper oxide and rare earth-doped ceria are applied as an ink.6. The process according to claim 5 , wherein the ink comprises in the range 5 to 50 wt % of the total metal oxide of copper oxide.7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein the application of the green anode layer includes an initial application of the ink to the metal substrate claim 6 , and drying the ink to provide a printed layer of thickness in the range 5 to 40 μm.8. ...

Fuel cell

A fuel cell comprises an anode, a cathode, and a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The cathode includes a perovskite oxide as a main component. The perovskite oxide is expressed by the general formula ABO 3 and includes at least one of La and Sr at the A site. The cathode includes a surface region that is within 5 micrometers from the surface opposite the solid electrolyte layer. The surface region contains a main phase configured by the perovskite oxide and a secondary phase that is configured by strontium oxide. The occupied surface area ratio of the secondary phase in a cross section of the surface region is greater than or equal to 0.05% to less than or equal to 3%.

FUEL CELL

A fuel cell comprises an anode, a cathode, a solid electrolyte layer, and a current collecting member. The cathode contains a perovskite composite oxide as a main component and contains a compound that includes at least one of S and Cr as a secondary component. The cathode has a surface facing the current collecting member. The surface of the cathode includes a first region that is electrically connected to the current collecting member and a second region that is separated from the current collecting member. The first region and the second region respectively contain a main phase that is configured from a perovskite composite oxide and a secondary phase that is configured from the compound. The occupied surface area ratio of the secondary phase in the first region is greater than the occupied surface area ratio of the secondary phase in the second region. 1. A fuel cell comprisingan anode,a cathode supplied with an oxidant gas,a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, anda current collecting member disposed on the cathode, whereinthe cathode contains a perovskite composite oxide as a main component and contains a compound that includes at least one of S and Cr as a secondary component,a surface of the cathode facing the current collecting member includes a first region that is electrically connected to the current collecting member and a second region that is separated from the current collecting member,the first region and the second region respectively contain a main phase that is configured from the perovskite composite oxide and a secondary phase that is configured from the compound, andan occupied surface area ratio of the secondary phase in the first region is greater than an occupied surface area ratio of the secondary phase in the second region.2. The fuel cell according to claim 1 , whereinthe occupied surface area ratio of the secondary phase in the first region is greater than or equal to 2.5% and less than or equal to 10%, ...

CERIA ELECTROLYTE FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE SINTERING AND SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL USING THE SAME

Disclosed is a ceria electrolyte for a solid oxide fuel cell, which is a ceria (CeO) electrolyte configured such that either gadolinium (Gd) or samarium (Sm) is co-doped with ytterbium (Yb) and bismuth (Bi), wherein Bi is doped in an amount of 0.5 to 5 mol %, thus exhibiting low-temperature sintering properties. 1. A ceria (CeO) electrolyte for low-temperature sintering , suitable for use in a solid oxide fuel cell , configured such that either gadolinium (Gd) or samarium (Sm) is co-doped with ytterbium (Yb) and bismuth (Bi) to exhibit low-temperature sintering properties.2. The ceria electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the ceria (CeO) electrolyte has an average cation radius of 0.98 to 0.99 Å.3. The ceria electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the ceria (CeO) electrolyte is configured such that gadolinium (Gd) claim 1 , ytterbium (Yb) and bismuth (Bi) are co-doped to exhibit low-temperature sintering properties claim 1 , and has a composition of Chemical Formula 1 below:{'br': None, 'sub': x', 'y', 'z', '1-x-y-z', '2-δ, 'GdYbBiCeO\u2003\u2003[Chemical Formula 1]'}0.05≦X≦0.15, 0.005≦Y≦0.05, 0.005≦Z≦0.05, 0.06≦X+Y+Z≦0.25, δ=(X+Y+Z)/2.4. The ceria electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the ceria (CeO) electrolyte is configured such that samarium (Sm) claim 1 , ytterbium (Yb) and bismuth (Bi) are co-doped to exhibit low-temperature sintering properties claim 1 , and has a composition of Chemical Formula 2 below:{'br': None, 'sub': x', 'y', 'z', '1-x-y-z', '2-δ, 'SmYbBiCeO\u2003\u2003[Chemical Formula 2]'}0.1≦X≦0.17, 0.005≦Y≦0.05, 0.005≦Z≦0.05, 0.11≦X+Y+Z≦0.27, δ=(x+Y+z)/2.5. A solid oxide fuel cell claim 1 , comprising:an anode;a zirconia electrolyte, formed through co-sintering with the anode;{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'a ceria buffer layer, formed by coating a surface of the zirconia electrolyte with the ceria electrolyte of and performing thermal treatment at 1100 to 1200° C.; and'}a cathode, formed through coating and thermal treatment on a surface of the ...

FUEL CELL

A fuel cell comprises an anode, a cathode, and a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The solid electrolyte layer contains a zirconia-based material as a main component. A first intensity ratio of tetragonal crystal zirconia to cubic crystal zirconia in a Raman spectrum in a central portion of the solid electrolyte layer is greater than a second intensity ratio of tetragonal crystal zirconia to cubic crystal zirconia in a Raman spectrum of an outer edge. 1. A fuel cell comprising;an anode,a cathode, anda solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode and comprising a zirconia-based material as a main component, whereina first intensity ratio of tetragonal crystal zirconia to cubic crystal zirconia in a Raman spectrum at a center of the solid electrolyte layer is greater than a second intensity ratio of tetragonal crystal zirconia to cubic crystal zirconia in a Raman spectrum at an outer edge of the solid electrolyte layer.2. The fuel cell stack according to whereinthe first intensity ratio at the center of the solid electrolyte layer is greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than or equal to 1.2.3. A fuel cell connected to a current collecting member claim 1 , the fuel cell comprising;an anode,a cathode, anda solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode and comprising a zirconia-based material as a main component, whereinthe anode, the solid electrolyte layer and the cathode are stacked in order with reference to a stacking direction,the anode or the cathode is connected to a connection portion of the current collecting member,the solid electrolyte layer includes an overlapping portion that overlaps with the connection portion with reference to the stacking direction, and a non-overlapping portion that is separated from the connection portion with reference to the stacking direction, anda third intensity ratio of tetragonal crystal zirconia to cubic crystal zirconia in a Raman spectrum in the ...

CELL STRUCTURE

A cell structure includes a cathode, an anode, and a solid electrolyte layer interposed between the cathode and the anode, the cathode being in the form of a sheet, the anode being in the form of a sheet, the solid electrolyte layer being in the form of a sheet, the solid electrolyte layer being disposed on the anode, the cathode being disposed on the solid electrolyte layer, the cathode having a resistance Rc, the anode and the solid electrolyte layer having a resistance Ra, the resistance Rc and the resistance Ra satisfying a relationship of Rc/Ra≥0.3, the cathode including a first metal oxide having a perovskite crystal structure, the cathode having a thickness larger than 15 μm and equal to or less than 30 μm. 1: A cell structure comprising:a cathode;an anode; anda solid electrolyte layer interposed between the cathode and the anode,the cathode being in the form of a sheet,the anode being in the form of a sheet,the solid electrolyte layer being in the form of a sheet,the solid electrolyte layer being disposed on the anode,the cathode being disposed on the solid electrolyte layer,the cathode having a resistance Rc, the anode and the solid electrolyte layer having a resistance Ra, the resistance Rc and the resistance Ra satisfying a relationship of Rc/Ra≥0.3,the cathode including a first metal oxide having a perovskite crystal structure,the cathode having a thickness larger than 15 μm and equal to or less than 30 μm.4: The cell structure according to claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte layer has a thickness of 5 μm or more and 30 μm or less.5: The cell structure according to claim 1 , wherein the cathode has a thickness of 20 μm or more and 30 μm or less. The present disclosure relates to a cell structure. The present application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-039521 filed on Mar. 6, 2018. The entire contents described in the Japanese patent application are incorporated herein by reference.A fuel cell is a device that generates ...

System and Method for Integrated Deposition and Heating

Herein disclosed is a method of manufacturing comprises depositing a composition on a substrate slice by slice to form an object; heating in situ the object using electromagnetic radiation (EMR); wherein said composition comprises a first material and a second material, wherein the second material has a higher absorption of the radiation than the first material. In an embodiment, the EMR has a wavelength ranging from 10 to 1500 nm and the EMR has a minimum energy density of 0.1 Joule/cm 2 . In an embodiment, the EMR comprises UV light, near ultraviolet light, near infrared light, infrared light, visible light, laser, electron beam. In an embodiment, said object comprises a catalyst, a catalyst support, a catalyst composite, an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, an electrode, an interconnect, a seal, a fuel cell, an electrochemical gas producer, an electrolyser, an electrochemical compressor, a reactor, a heat exchanger, a vessel, or combinations thereof.

SOFC INCLUDING REDOX-TOLERANT ANODE ELECTRODE AND SYSTEM INCLUDING THE SAME

A solid oxide fuel cell, system including the same, and method of using the same, the fuel cell including an electrolyte disposed between an anode and a cathode. The anode includes a first layer including a metallic phase and a ceramic phase, and a second layer including a metallic phase. The metallic phase of the second layer includes a metal catalyst and a dopant selected from Al, Ca, Ce, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Nb, Pr, Ti, V, W, or Zr, any oxide thereof, or any combination thereof. The second layer may also include a ceramic phase including ytterbia-ceria-scandia-stabilized zirconia (YCSSZ). 1. A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) comprising:an ionically conductive electrolyte; a first layer comprising a cermet comprising a ceramic phase and a metallic phase comprising a metal catalyst; and', 'a second layer comprising a metallic phase comprising a metal catalyst and a dopant selected from Al, Ca, Ce, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Nb, Pr, Ti, V, W, or Zr, any oxide thereof, or any combination thereof; and, 'an anode disposed on a first side of the electrolyte, the anode comprisinga cathode disposed on an opposing second side of the electrolyte,wherein the first layer is disposed between the second layer and the electrolyte.2. The SOFC of claim 1 , wherein:{'sub': '2', 'the dopant is selected from CaO, MgO, TiO, or any combination thereof; and'}the metal catalyst of at least one of the first and second layers comprises Ni, Cu, Co, or any combination thereof.3. The SOFC of claim 1 , wherein the metallic phase of the second layer comprises:from about 1 to about 10 at % of the dopant; andfrom about 99 to about 90 at % of the metal catalyst.4. The SOFC of claim 1 , wherein the metallic phase of the second layer comprises:from about 2 to about 4 at % of the dopant; andfrom about 98 to about 96 at % of the metal catalyst.5. The SOFC of claim 1 , wherein:the dopant of the second layer comprises MgO;the metal catalyst of the second layer comprises NiO; and{'sub': x', '1-x, 'the metallic phase of the ...

CATHODE MATERIAL AND SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL

A cathode material contains a main component being a complex oxide having a perovskite structure expressed by a general formula ABO. The perovskite structure includes at least one of La and Sr at the A site. A occupied surface area ratio of a plurality of comparable crystal orientation domains is at least 10%. The plurality of comparable crystal orientation domains is defined by boundaries exhibiting a crystal orientation difference of at least 5 degrees in a crystal orientation analysis of a cross section by a method of electron backscatter diffraction. 1. A cathode material comprising:{'sub': '3', 'a main component being a complex oxide having a perovskite structure expressed by a general formula ABO, the perovskite structure including at least one of La and Sr at the A site, wherein'}a occupied surface area ratio of a plurality of comparable crystal orientation domains to a total solid phase is at least 10%, the plurality of comparable crystal orientation domains is defined by boundaries exhibiting a crystal orientation difference of at least 5 degrees in a crystal orientation analysis of a cross section by a method of electron backscatter diffraction.2. A solid oxide fuel cell comprisingan anode,{'sub': '3', 'a cathode including a main component being a complex oxide having a perovskite structure expressed by a general formula ABO, the perovskite structure including at least one of La and Sr at the A site,'}a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode,a occupied surface area ratio of a plurality of comparable crystal orientation domains to a total solid phase being at least 10%, the plurality of comparable crystal orientation domains defined by boundaries exhibiting a crystal orientation difference of at least 15 degrees in a crystal orientation analysis of a cross section of the cathode by a method of electron backscatter diffraction. This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-173401 filed on Aug. 23, 2013, ...

Air electrode catalyst material, solid oxide fuel cell system, and method of manufacturing the air electrode catalyst material

An air electrode catalyst material according to an embodiment of the present invention is used in solid oxide fuel cells and includes a perovskite oxide represented by a general formula (1): A x B y O 3-6 . A ratio x/y of the A to the B is 1.05≦x/y≦1.5, and a peak derived from a perovskite structure A 1 B 1 O 3-δ is shown in a chart obtained by an X-ray diffraction measurement, and in Raman spectra, an area of absorption peak existing between 560 cm −1 and 620 cm −1 (inclusive) is larger than that between 380 cm −1 and 440 cm −1 (inclusive).

STRAIN ENHANCEMENT OF FUNCTIONAL OXYGEN DEFECTS IN ELECTROCHEMICAL METAL OXIDES

Methods for tailoring an oxygen defect concentration, such as oxygen vacancies, in a transition metal oxide and the resulting materials are provided. An epitaxial strain, such as in the form of a biaxial tensile strain of up to 5%, is applied to the transition metal oxide to increase the oxygen defect concentration in the transition metal oxide to result in a product comprising the transition metal oxide having an increased oxygen defect concentration. 1. A method for tailoring an oxygen defect concentration in a transition metal oxide , the method comprising:applying an epitaxial strain of up to 5% to the transition metal oxide to increase the oxygen defect concentration in the transition metal oxide and result in a product comprising the transition metal oxide having an increased oxygen defect concentration.2. The method of wherein the oxygen defect comprises oxygen vacancies.3. The method of wherein the applied epitaxial strain comprises a biaxial strain.4. The method of wherein said application of the epitaxial strain occurs at a temperature of 25-600° C.5. The method of wherein the epitaxial strain is applied in a value of at least 0.01%.6. The method hod of wherein the epitaxial strain is applied in a value of at least 0.1%.7. The method of wherein the epitaxial strain is applied in a range of 1-5%.8. The method of wherein the transition metal oxide comprises strontium cobaltite (SrCoO claim 1 , where 0≦δ≦0.25).9. The method of wherein prior to said application of the epitaxial strain claim 8 , the transition metal oxide is provided as a thin film on a substrate and said application of the epitaxial strain comprises applying a biaxial strain to the thin film transition metal oxide.10. The method of wherein the application of the biaxial tensile strain to the thin film transition metal oxide reduces oxygen stoichiometry in the SrCoO at highly anodic potentials in an alkaline solution.11. The method of wherein the application of the biaxial tensile strain to the ...

STABLE CERAMIC ANODES AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING AND USING THE SAME

The present disclosure provides a stable ceramic anode for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a method for producing and using the same. In particular, anodes for solid oxide fuel cells disclosed herein can be operated at a significantly lower temperature than conventional SOFCs, and allow thermal and anode gas cycling under transient conditions. More significantly, anodes described in the present disclosure have a significantly higher long-term operability compared to a similar anode having a higher amount of electrocatalyst. In one particular embodiment, the stable ceramic anodes comprise (i) strontium-iron-cobalt-molybdenum oxide (SFCM) material; (ii) a first ion-conductor composition comprising an oxide of cerium or cerium that is doped with a rare-earth metal; and (iii) nanoparticles of an electrocatalyst comprising (a) a second ion-conductor and (b) nickel, a nickel alloy, or a combination thereof. The amount of electrocatalyst in said stable ceramic anode is less than 10 wt %. 2. The stable ceramic anode composition of claim 1 , wherein a total amount of said electrocatalyst in said stable ceramic anode of said infiltration is 5% or less by weight.3. The stable ceramic anode composition of claim 1 , wherein an average particle size of said nanoparticles is about 200 nm or less.4. The stable ceramic anode composition of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of SFCM to said first ion-conductor composition is from about 5:1 to about 1:1 by weight.5. The stable ceramic anode composition of claim 1 , wherein said rare-earth metal is a lanthanide metal.6. The stable ceramic anode composition of claim 1 , wherein said second ion-conductor further comprises an oxide of cerium or cerium that is doped with a rare-earth metal.7. The stable ceramic anode composition of claim 1 , wherein said nickel alloy comprises cobalt claim 1 , iron claim 1 , tin claim 1 , or a combination thereof.8. The stable ceramic anode composition of claim 1 , wherein said electrocatalyst comprises nickel ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS FOR HYDROGEN GAS PRODUCTION AND ELECTRICITY GENERATION, AND RELATED STRUCTURES, APPARATUSES, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS

An electrochemical cell comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and a proton-conducting membrane between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode comprises Pr(Co, Ni, Mn, Fe)O, wherein 0≤x≤0.9, 0≤y≤0.9, 0≤z≤0.9, and δ is an oxygen deficit. The second electrode comprises a cermet material including at least one metal and at least one perovskite. Related structures, apparatuses, systems, and methods are also described. 1. An electrochemical cell , comprising:{'sub': 1-x-y-z', 'x', 'y', 'z', '3-δ, 'a first electrode comprising Pr(Co, Ni, Mn, Fe)O, wherein 0≤x≤0.9, 0≤y≤0.9, 0≤z≤0.9, and δ is an oxygen deficit;'}a second electrode comprising a cermet material including at least one metal and at least one perovskite; anda proton-conducting membrane between the first electrode and the second electrode.2. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode comprises PrNiCoO.3. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode is substantially free of ions of rare-earth elements.4. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode comprises a nickel/perovskite cermet.5. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode comprises a Ni—BCZYYb.6. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the proton-conducting membrane comprises one or more of a BCZYYb claim 1 , a BSNYYb claim 1 , a doped BaCeO claim 1 , a doped BaZrO claim 1 , Ba(YSn)O claim 1 , and Ba(CaNb)O.7. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the proton-conducting membrane comprises BCZYYb.8. A system for Hgas production and electricity generation claim 1 , comprising:a source of steam; and a housing structure configured and positioned to receive a steam stream from the source of steam; and', [{'sub': 0-x-y-z', 'x', 'y', 'z', '3-δ, 'an electrode positioned to interact with the steam stream and comprising Pr(Co, Ni, Mn, Fe)O, wherein 0≤x≤0.9, O≤y≤0.9, O≤z≤0.9, and δ is an oxygen deficit;'}, 'another electrode ...

AIR ELECTRODE MATERIAL, AIR ELECTRODE, AND METAL AIR BATTERY

The air electrode for a metal air battery includes carbon nanotubes and an electron conductive material. A content amount of the carbon nanotubes in the air electrode is greater than or equal to 0.1 vol % and less than or equal to 50 vol %. A content amount of the electron conductive material in the air electrode is greater than or equal to 30 vol % and less than or equal to 99 vol %. 1. An air electrode material for a metal air battery , comprising ,carbon nanotubes, andan electron conductive material, whereina content amount of the carbon nanotubes in the air electrode material is greater than or equal to 0.1 vol % and less than or equal to 50 vol %, anda content amount of the electron conductive material in the air electrode material is greater than or equal to 30 vol % and less than or equal to 99 vol %.2. An air electrode for a metal air battery , comprising carbon nanotubes , andan electron conductive material, whereina content amount of the carbon nanotubes in the air electrode is greater than or equal to 0.1 vol % and less than or equal to 50 vol %, anda content amount of the electron conductive material in the air electrode is greater than or equal to 30 vol % and less than or equal to 99 vol %.3. The air electrode according to claim 2 , wherein the carbon nanotubes function as a binder.4. The air electrode according to further comprising claim 2 ,an organic binder, whereina content amount of the organic binder in the air electrode is less than or equal to 10 vol %.5. The air electrode according to further comprising claim 2 ,a hydroxide ion conductive material.6. The air electrode according to claim 2 , wherein the electron conductive material is perovskite oxide that is expressed by the general formula ABO (wherein δ≦0.4).7. The air electrode according to claim 6 , wherein the perovskite oxide includes at least La at the A site and that includes at least Ni claim 6 , Fe and Cu at the B site.8. The air electrode according to claim 3 , wherein the carbon ...

Electrode paste for solid oxide fuel cell, solid oxide fuel cell using the same, and fabricating method thereof

Disclosed herein are an electrode paste for a solid oxide fuel cell in an anode supported type in which an anode, an electrolyte layer, and a cathode are sequentially stacked, including a raw material powder, a dispersant, a binder, a solvent, and a liquid pore-forming material, a solid oxide fuel cell using the same, and a fabricating method thereof. The electrode paste for the solid oxide fuel cell may form uniform pores in the electrode and may provide high porosity.

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

The electrochemical cell includes an anode, a cathode active layer, and a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode active layer. The cathode active layer includes a first region which is disposed facing the solid electrolyte layer, and a second region which is disposed on the first region. An average particle diameter of first constituent particles which constitute the first region is smaller than an average particle diameter of second constituent particles which constitute the second region. 1. An electrochemical cell comprisingan anode,a cathode active layer, anda solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode active layer,the cathode active layer including a first region which is disposed facing the solid electrolyte layer, and a second region which is disposed on the first region, andan average particle diameter of first constituent particles which constitute the first region being smaller than an average particle diameter of second constituent particles which constitute the second region.2. The electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the average particle diameter of the first constituent particles to the average particle diameter of the second constituent particles is less than or equal to 0.41.3. The electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein an average particle diameter of the first constituent particles is less than or equal to 0.47 μm.4. The electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein an average particle diameter of the second constituent particles is less than or equal to 0.65 μm.5. The electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein the cathode active layer contains a main component that is configured with a perovskite oxide which is expressed by the general formula ABOand includes at least Sr at the A site claim 1 , and an Sr concentration in the first region is lower than an Sr concentration in the second region.6. The electrochemical cell according to claim 5 , ...

SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS WITH THICKNESS GRADED ELECTROLYTE

A solid oxide fuel cell comprising a variable thickness electrolyte layer in contact between an anode and a cathode. The solid oxide fuel cell also comprises a fuel inlet and a fuel outlet. In the solid oxide fuel cell, the variable thickness electrolyte layer is thinner closer to the fuel inlet and thicker closer to the fuel outlet. 1. A solid oxide fuel cell comprising:a variable thickness electrolyte layer in contact between an anode and a cathode; anda fuel inlet and a fuel outlet,wherein the variable thickness electrolyte layer is thinner closer to the fuel inlet and thicker closer to the fuel outlet.2. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is selected from the group consisting of natural gas claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , carbon monoxide claim 1 , syngas claim 1 , biogas claim 1 , landfill gas claim 1 , gasoline claim 1 , diesel claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the variable thickness electrolyte layer is a yttria-stabilized zirconia claim 1 , gadolinium doped ceria claim 1 , or doped lanthanum gallate.4. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode is a mixture of a nickel oxide and an yttria-stabilized zirconia or a mixture of a nickel oxide and a gadolinium doped ceria.5. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the cathode is selected from the group consisting of: samarium strontium cobaltite claim 1 , lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite claim 1 , gadolinium doped ceria and combinations thereof.6. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the cathode is a mixture of samarium strontium cobaltite and gadolinium doped ceria.7. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the cathode is a mixture of lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite and gadolinium doped ceria.8. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the difference between the thickest area of the variable thickness electrolyte layer and the thinnest area of the variable thickness electrolyte layer is greater ...

Solid oxide fuel cell stack design

A device comprising a first solid oxide fuel cell and a second solid oxide fuel cell. The first solid oxide fuel cell comprises a first anode, a first cathode and a first electrolyte, wherein the first electrolyte is positioned between and connected to the first anode and the first cathode. The second solid oxide fuel cell comprises a second anode, a second cathode and a second electrolyte, wherein the second electrolyte is positioned between and connected to the second anode and the second cathode. In this device the cathode distance between the first cathode and the second cathode is less than the anode distance between the first anode and the second anode.

SEGREGATION RESISTANT PEROVSKITE OXIDES WITH SURFACE MODIFICATION

A method and a composition to stabilize the surface cation chemistry of the perovskite or related oxides, and thus, to minimize or completely avoid the detrimental segregation and phase separation of dopant cations at the surface can include modifying the surface with more oxidizable metal cations and/or more oxidizable metal oxides, thereby reducing the oxygen vacancy concentration at the very surface. 1. A composition comprising: [{'br': None, 'sub': x', '1-x', 'y', '1-y', '3±δ, 'AA′BB′O\u2003\u2003(I)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': x', '1-x', '2', 'y', '1-y', '2', '5, '(AA′)(BB′)O\u2003\u2003(II)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': x', '1-x', 'n+1', 'y', '1-y', 'n', '3n+1, '(AA′)(BB′)O\u2003\u2003(III)'}, 'wherein each of A and A′, independently, is a rare earth metal or an alkaline earth metal, x is in the range of 0 to 1, each of B and B′, independently, is a transition metal, y is in the range of 0 to 1, δ is in the range of 0 to 1, and n is a number of layers; and, 'a base layer including a material of formula (I), (II) or (III), wherein the formula (I), (II) and (III) area surface layer including a metal, a metal cation or an oxide of one or more metal elements, or a combination thereof.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the cation and the oxide of one or more metal element are more oxidizable claim 1 , or more difficult to reduce claim 1 , than the material of the formula (I claim 1 , II claim 1 , or III).3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the material includes a perovskite oxide or a perovskite-related oxide claim 1 , including a brownmillerite or a Ruddlesden Popper.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the rare earth metal includes Sc claim 1 , Y claim 1 , La claim 1 , Ce claim 1 , Pr claim 1 , Nd claim 1 , Pm claim 1 , Sm claim 1 , Eu claim 1 , Gd claim 1 , Tb claim 1 , Dy claim 1 , Ho claim 1 , Er claim 1 , Tm claim 1 , Yb or Lu.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline earth metal includes Be claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Ca claim 1 , Sr claim 1 , Ba or Ra ...

METHODS TO IMPROVE THE DURABILITY OF METAL-SUPPORTED SOLID OXIDE ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to metal-supported solid oxide electrochemical devices. In one aspect, a stainless steel support of a device is oxidized. A coating is deposited on an oxygen-electrode side of the stainless steel support of the device. The coating is operable to reduce chromium evaporation from the stainless steel support. A structure including an oxygen catalyst on the oxygen-electrode side of the device and a fuel catalyst on a fuel-electrode side of the stainless steel support of the device, with an electrolyte disposed between the oxygen catalyst and the fuel catalyst, is formed. The device is thermally treated at a temperature of about 10° C. to 400° C. above an operating temperature of about 600° C. to 800° C. of the device, the oxygen-electrode side of the device being in an oxidizing atmosphere and the fuel-electrode side of the device being in a reducing atmosphere. 1. A method comprising:(a) oxidizing a stainless steel support of a device, the device being a metal-supported solid oxide electrochemical device;(b) depositing a coating on an oxygen-electrode side of the stainless steel support of the device, the coating operable to reduce chromium evaporation from the stainless steel support;(c) forming a structure including an oxygen catalyst on the oxygen-electrode side of the device and a fuel catalyst on a fuel-electrode side of the stainless steel support of the device, with an electrolyte disposed between the oxygen catalyst and the fuel catalyst; and(d) thermally treating the device at a temperature of about 10° C. to 400° C. above an operating temperature of about 600° C. to 800° C. of the device, the oxygen-electrode side of the device being in an oxidizing atmosphere and the fuel-electrode side of the device being in a reducing atmosphere.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stainless steel support is oxidized at about 700° C. to 1000° C. for about 0.1 hours to 14 hours in air or a mixture of gases ...

PROTON CONDUCTOR, FUEL CELL, AND WATER ELECTROLYSIS DEVICE

Provided is a proton conductor that achieves an improvement in transport number while suppressing a decrease in conductivity. The proton conductor contains a metal oxide having a perovskite structure and represented by formula (1): ABB′MO (1), wherein an element A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, and Ca, an element B is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zr and Ce, an element B′ is Hf, an element M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Y, Yb, Er, Ho, Tm, Gd, In, and Sc, δ is an oxygen deficiency amount, and “a”, “x”, and “y” satisfy 0.9≤a≤1.0, 0.1≤y≤0.2, and 0 Подробнее

Chromate Based Ceramic Anode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

The disclosure relates to solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode materials that comprise various compositions of chromate based oxide materials. These materials offer high conductivity achievable at intermediate and low temperatures and can be used to prepare the anode layer of a SOFC. A method of making a low- or intermediate-temperature SOFC having an anode layer comprising a chromate based oxide material is also provided. 1. An oxide composition comprising:{'br': None, 'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'sub': (1-a)', 'a', '(1-b)', 'b', '3±δ, 'MMCrMO\u2003\u2003(I)'} [{'sup': '1', 'Mis a metal selected from the group consisting of Y, Nd, Pr, La, and a combination thereof;'}, {'sup': '2', 'Mis a metal selected from the group consisting of Ca and Sr;'}, {'sup': '3', 'Mis a metal selected from the group consisting of Cu and Mo;'}, 'a is about 0.1-0.5;', 'b is about 0.01-0.2; and', '0≤δ≤1.5., 'wherein2. The oxide composition of claim 1 , wherein a is about 0.3-0.4.3. The oxide composition of claim 1 , wherein b is about 0.05-0.2.4. The oxide composition of claim 1 , wherein Mis Y claim 1 , Mis Ca claim 1 , and Mis Cu.5. The oxide composition of claim 1 , wherein Mis Nd claim 1 , Mis Ca claim 1 , and Mis Cu.6. The oxide composition of claim 1 , wherein Mis a combination of Y and Nd claim 1 , Mis Ca claim 1 , and Mis Cu.7. The oxide composition of claim 1 , wherein Mis Pr claim 1 , Mis Ca claim 1 , and Mis Cu.8. The oxide composition of claim 1 , wherein Mis La claim 1 , Mis Sr claim 1 , and Mis Mo.9. The oxide composition of claim 1 , comprising YCaCrCuO claim 1 , NdCaCrCuO claim 1 , (YNd)CaCrCuO claim 1 , PrCaCrCuO claim 1 , or LaSrCrMoO.10. A solid oxide fuel cell comprising:(a) a cathode layer;(b) an electrolyte layer; and {'br': None, 'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'sub': (1-a)', 'a', '(1-b)', 'b', '3±δ, 'MMCrMO\u2003\u2003(I)'}, '(c) an anode layer, wherein the anode layer comprises an oxide composition of formula (I) [{'sup': '1', 'Mis a metal selected from the group consisting of Y, Nd, Pr, ...

FUEL CELL

A fuel cell has an anode, a cathode and a solid electrolyte layer. The cathode contains a perovskite oxide as a main component. The perovskite oxide is expressed by a general formula ABOand includes at least Sr at the A site. The solid electrolyte layer is disposed between the anode and the cathode. The cathode includes a surface region which is within 5 μm from a surface opposite the solid electrolyte layer. The surface region contains a main phase comprising the perovskite oxide and a secondary phase comprising strontium sulfate. An occupied surface area ratio of the secondary phase in a cross section of the surface region is greater than or equal to 0.25% to less than or equal to 8.5%. 1. A fuel cell comprisingan anode,{'sub': '3', 'a cathode containing a perovskite oxide as a main component, the perovskite oxide expressed by a general formula ABOand including at least Sr at the A site, and'}a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode,the cathode including a surface region which is within 5 μm from a surface opposite the solid electrolyte layer,{'sub': '3', 'the surface region containing a main phase comprising the perovskite oxide and a secondary phase comprising strontium sulfate, the perovskite oxide expressed by a general formula ABOand including at least Sr at the A site, and'}an occupied surface area ratio of the secondary phase in a cross section of the surface region is greater than or equal to 0.25% to less than or equal to 8.5%.2. The fuel cell according to claim 1 , whereinan average equivalent circle diameter of the secondary phase in the cross section of the surface region is greater than or equal to 0.05 μm and less than or equal to 2.0 μm.3. The fuel cell according to claim 1 , whereina current collector is disposed on the surface region of the cathode. This application is a continuation application of PCT/JP2016/066964, filed Jun. 7, 2016, which claims priority to Japanese Application No. 2015-130920, filed Jun. 30, 2015, ...

CATALYST SUPPORT MATERIALS FOR FUEL CELLS

A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The PEMFC includes a catalyst support material formed of a metal material reactive with HO, HF and/or SO to form reaction products in which the metal material accounts for a stable molar percentage of the reaction products. The PEMFC further includes a catalyst supported on the catalyst support material. 1. A catalyst support material for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) , the catalyst support material comprising:{'sub': 3', '3, 'sup': +', '−, 'a metal material reactive with HO, HF and/or SO to form reaction products in which the metal material accounts for a stable molar percentage of the reaction products.'}2. The catalyst support material of claim 1 , wherein the stable molar percentage is greater than or equal to 80 percent.3. The catalyst support material of claim 1 , wherein the metal material is a ternary metal oxide material.4. The catalyst support material of claim 3 , wherein the ternary metal oxide material is at least partially oxidized forms of SnMoO claim 3 , TiNbOor mixtures thereof.5. The catalyst support material of claim 3 , wherein the ternary metal oxide material is an at least partially oxidized form of SnWO.6. The catalyst support material of claim 1 , wherein the metal material is a ternary metal carbide material.7. The catalyst support material of claim 6 , wherein the ternary metal carbide material is NbSnC claim 6 , TiGeC claim 6 , TiSnC claim 6 , TiGeCor mixtures thereof.8. A catalyst support material for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) claim 6 , the catalyst support material comprising:{'sub': 2', '3, 'sup': +', '−, 'an intermetallic compound including first and second metals forming first and second metal oxides, respectively, the first metal oxide reactive with HO, HF and/or SO to form reaction products in which the metal oxide accounts for a stable molar percentage of the reaction products.'}9. The catalyst support material of claim 8 , wherein the stable molar ...

SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF THE SAME

A solid oxide fuel cell includes a support of which a main component is a metal, and an anode supported by the support, wherein the anode includes a first oxide having electron conductivity, wherein the first oxide is perovskite type oxide expressed as a composition formula ABO, wherein “A” of the composition formula includes at least one of Ca, Sr, Ba and La, wherein “B” of the composition formula includes at least Cr. 1. A solid oxide fuel cell comprising:a support of which a main component is a metal; andan anode supported by the support,wherein the anode includes a first oxide having electron conductivity,{'sub': '3', 'wherein the first oxide is perovskite type oxide expressed as a composition formula ABO,'}wherein “A” of the composition formula includes at least one of Ca, Sr, Ba and La,wherein “B” of the composition formula includes at least Cr.2. The solid oxide fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 , wherein {an area of CrO/(the area of CrOand an area of the first oxide)} is 10% or less claim 1 , in a cross section of the anode.3. The solid oxide fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the anode forms an electrode bone structure with the first oxide and a second oxide having oxygen ion conductivity.4. The solid oxide fuel cell as claimed in claim 3 , wherein each of area ratios of the first oxide claim 3 , the second oxide and pores in the cross section of the anode is 20% or more and 60% or less.5. The solid oxide fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a mixed layer interposed between the support and the anode claim 1 ,the mixed layer has a structure in which a metallic material and a ceramic material are mixed,wherein a porosity in the support, a porosity in the mixed layer, and a porosity in the anode have a relationship of the porosity in the support>the porosity in the mixed layer>the porosity in the anode.6. The solid oxide fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first oxide is a LaCrO-based material or a LaCrO-based material including ...

SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS WITH CATHODE FUNCTIONAL LAYERS

In various embodiments, a solid oxide fuel cell features a functional layer for reducing interfacial resistance between the cathode and the solid electrolyte. 118.-. (canceled)19. A solid oxide fuel cell comprising:a cathode;a solid electrolyte for conducting oxygen ions from the cathode to an anode;an anode for reacting oxygen ions from the solid electrolyte with a hydrogen-containing fuel; anda functional layer disposed between the cathode and the solid electrolyte,wherein the solid electrolyte consists of at least one of samarium-doped ceria, gadolinium-doped ceria, yttria-doped ceria, neodymium-doped ceria, praseodymium-doped ceria, or lanthanum-doped ceria.20. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 19 , wherein the functional layer comprises at least one of cobalt-doped gadolinium-doped ceria or cobalt-doped samarium-doped ceria.21. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 19 , wherein the cathode comprises at least one of lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite claim 19 , lanthanum strontium manganite claim 19 , lanthanum strontium cobaltite claim 19 , barium strontium cobalt ferrite claim 19 , samarium strontium cobaltite claim 19 , samarium-doped ceria claim 19 , or gadolinium-doped ceria.22. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 19 , wherein the anode comprises a composite comprising nickel and yttria-stabilized zirconia.23. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 19 , wherein a thickness of the functional layer ranges from approximately 1 μm to approximately 10 μm.24. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 19 , wherein the functional layer contains cobalt at a composition ranging from approximately 0.5 mol % to 5 mol %.25. A method of electrochemically converting a hydrogen-containing fuel to electricity claim 19 , at an operating temperature claim 19 , using a solid oxide fuel cell comprising (i) a cathode claim 19 , (ii) an anode claim 19 , (iii) a solid electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode claim 19 , and (iv) a functional layer disposed between the cathode and ...

SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL WITH SCANDIUM-MODIFIED NICKEL FELT ANODE COLLECTOR

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) assembly connectable to a source of a hydrocarbon fuel; said SOFC assembly comprises at least one SOFC. Each SOFC further comprises: (a) an anode support member having a nickel felt-made anode current collector; (b) an electrolyte layer disposed on the anode support member; and a cathode having a cathode current collector; the cathode disposed on said electrolyte layer. The nickel felt-made anode current collector is doped with Scandium. 17.-. (canceled)8. A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) assembly connectable to a source of a hydrocarbon fuel; said SOFC assembly comprising at least one SOFC; each SOFC further comprising:a. an anode support member having a nickel felt-made anode current collector;b. an electrolyte layer disposed on said anode support member;c. a cathode having a cathode current collector; said cathode disposed on said electrolyte layer;wherein said nickel-fiber-felt-made anode current collector is doped with Scandium.9. The SOFC according to claim 8 , wherein said cathode claim 8 , anode and electrolyte are nested within a ceramic bond.10. The SOFC according to claim 8 , wherein said cathode is made of a LSM/ScSZ composite material.11. The SOFC according to claim 8 , wherein said anode support member is made of sintered Ni-ScSZ.12. The SOFC according to claim 8 , wherein said electrolyte layer is a ScSZ paste.13. The SOFC according to claim 8 , wherein said felt-made anode current collector doped with scandium was made by spraying solution of ScOin HNO.14. A method of manufacturing a solid oxide fuel cell; said method comprising steps of:a. manufacturing an anode support member by sintering NiO and ScSZ;b. spraying an electrolyte ScSZ layer on said anode support member;c. sintering said electrolyte ScSZ layer;d. printing a cathode layer of LSM-ScSZ paste on said electrolyte ScSZ layer;e. sintering said cathode layer;f. manufacturing an anode collector;g. manufacturing a cathode current collector; and {'sub': 2', '3', '3, ...

METAL COMPOSITE OXIDE AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREOF, AND ELECTRODE FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL

A method for producing a metal composite oxide, the method including steps of: preparing a slurry by mixing different kinds of metal compounds in a powder form, a dispersion medium, and a dispersant, and baking the different kinds of metal compounds after the dispersion medium in the slurry is removed. The slurry further includes a polyalkylene oxide having a viscosity average molecular weight of 150,000 or more. The slurry has a viscosity of 10 mPa·s to 2000 mPa·s, the viscosity being measured using a B-type viscometer under conditions of a temperature of 23° C. to 27° C. and a rotation rate of 60 rpm. According to the production method, a slurry in which different kinds metal compound powders are uniformly dispersed and a precipitate is unlikely to be formed can be obtained. Therefore, a metal composite oxide having a desired composition can be obtained. 1. A method for producing a metal composite oxide , the method comprising steps of:preparing a slurry by mixing different kinds of metal compounds in a powder form, a dispersion medium, and a dispersant, andbaking the different kinds of metal compounds after the dispersion medium in the slurry is removed, whereinthe slurry further includes a polyalkylene oxide having a viscosity average molecular weight of 150,000 or more.2. The method for producing a metal composite oxide according to claim 1 , wherein the polyalkylene oxide is added in an amount of 0.1 parts by mass or more and 5 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the dispersion medium.3. The method for producing a metal composite oxide according to claim 1 , wherein the slurry has a viscosity of 10 mPa·s or more and 2000 mPa·s or less claim 1 , the viscosity being measured using a B-type viscometer under conditions of a temperature of 23° C. to 27° C. and a rotation rate of 60 rpm.4. The method for producing a metal composite oxide according to claim 1 , wherein the viscosity average molecular weight of the polyalkylene oxide is 2 claim 1 ,200 claim ...

LOW VOC INK COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF FORMING FUEL CELL SYSTEM COMPONENTS USING THE SAME

A fuel cell system component ink includes a fuel cell system component powder, a solvent including propylene carbonate (PC), and a binder including polypropylene carbonate (PPC). 1. A method of forming a fuel cell system component , comprising: a fuel cell system component powder;', 'a solvent comprising propylene carbonate (PC); and', 'a binder comprising polypropylene carbonate (PPC); and, 'dispensing an ink onto a substrate to form an ink layer, the ink comprisingsolidifying the ink layer to form the fuel cell system component.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the solidifying the ink layer comprises drying and sintering the ink layer; and from about 50 wt % to about 90 wt % of the fuel cell system component powder;', 'from about 5 wt % to about 20 wt % of the PC; and', 'from about 0.25 wt % to about 10 wt % of the PPC., 'the ink comprises, based on the total weight of each ink3. The method claim 1 , wherein: {'br': None, 'sub': 2', '1-w-x-z', '2', '3', 'w', '2', 'x', '2', '3', 'a', '2', '3', 'b, 'i': w≤', 'x≤', 'b=z', 'z≤, '(ZrO)(ScO)(CeO)(YO)(YbO), wherein 0.09≤0.11, 0<0.0125, a+, and 0.0025≤0.0125;'}, 'the component powder comprises lanthanum strontium manganite and an ionically conductive material having the formulathe substrate comprises a solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte; andthe fuel cell system component comprises a solid oxide fuel cell cathode.4. The method claim 1 , wherein:the component powder comprises a mixture of a metal oxide and an ionically conductive ceramic material;the substrate comprises a solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte; andthe fuel cell system component comprises a solid oxide fuel cell anode.5. The method claim 1 , wherein:the component powder comprises a mixture of mixture of alumina and stabilized zirconia;the substrate comprises a solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte; andthe fuel cell system component comprises a strengthening layer formed at least partially around fuel holes in the solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte or along the cell ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

The electrochemical cell has an anode, a cathode, and a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The cathode contains a main phase which is configured by a perovskite oxide expressed by the general formula ABOand including at least one of La or Sr at the A site, and a second phase which is configured by CoOand (Co, Fe)O. An occupied surface area ratio of the second phase in a cross section of the cathode is less than or equal to 10.5%. 1. An electrochemical cell comprisingan anode,a cathode, anda solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode,{'sub': 3', '3', '4', '3', '4, 'the cathode containing a main phase which is configured by a perovskite oxide expressed by the general formula ABOand including at least one of La or Sr at the A site, and a second phase which is configured by CoOand (Co, Fe)O, and'}an occupied surface area ratio of the second phase in a cross section of the cathode being less than or equal to 10.5%.2. The electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein the occupied surface area ratio of the second phase in a cross section of the cathode is greater than or equal to 0.5%.3. The electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein an average equivalent circle diameter of the second phase in a cross section of the cathode is greater than or equal to 0.05 μm and less than or equal to 0.5 μm.4. The electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein an occupied surface area ratio of (Co claim 1 , Fe)Oin a cross section of the cathode is greater than an occupied surface area ratio of CoO. This application is a continuation application of PCT/JP2017/027098, filed Jul. 26, 2017, which claims priority to Japanese Application no. 2016-147861, filed Jul. 27, 2016, the entire contents all of which are incorporated hereby by reference.The present invention relates to an electrochemical cell.In recent years, fuel cells that are a type of electrochemical cell have attracted attention in light of environmental ...

Composition of a nickelate composite cathode for a fuel cell

In some embodiments, a solid oxide fuel cell comprising an anode, an electrolyte, cathode barrier layer, a nickelate composite cathode separated from the electrolyte by the cathode barrier layer, and a cathode current collector layer is provided. The nickelate composite cathode includes a nickelate compound and second oxide material, which may be an ion conductor. The composite may further comprise a third oxide material. The composite may have the general formula (Ln u M1 v M2 s ) n+1 (Ni 1-t N t ) n O 3n+1 -A 1-x B x O y -C w D z Ce (1-w-z) O 2-δ , wherein A and B may be rare earth metals excluding ceria.

SOFC CATHODE COMPOSITIONS WITH IMPROVED RESISTANCE TO SOFC DEGRADATION

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) includes a solid oxide electrolyte with a zirconia-based ceramic, an anode electrode, and a cathode electrode that includes a ceria-based ceramic component and an electrically conductive component. Another SOFC includes a solid oxide electrolyte containing a zirconia-based ceramic, an anode electrode, and a cathode electrode that includes an electrically conductive component and an ionically conductive component, in which the ionically conductive component includes a zirconia-based ceramic containing scandia and at least one of ceria, ytterbia and yttria. 1. A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) , comprising:a solid oxide electrolyte comprising a zirconia-based ceramic;an anode electrode; anda cathode electrode comprising a ceria-based ceramic component and an electrically conductive component.2. The SOFC of claim 1 , wherein the ceria-based ceramic component comprises at least one of samaria doped ceria (SDC) claim 1 , gadolinia doped ceria (GDC) claim 1 , and yttria doped ceria (YDC) claim 1 , and wherein the electrolyte is at least 80 wt % zirconia.3. The SOFC of claim 2 , wherein the ceria-based ceramic component comprises a formula CeAO claim 2 , wherein A comprises at least one of samaria (Sm) claim 2 , gadolinium (Gd) claim 2 , and yttria (Y) claim 2 , wherein x is in a range of around 0.1 to 0.4 claim 2 , and wherein the solid oxide electrolyte comprises scandia stabilized zirconia.4. The SOFC of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive component comprises an electrically conductive ceramic selected from the group consisting of lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) claim 1 , lanthanum calcium manganite (LCM) claim 1 , lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF) claim 1 , lanthanum strontium ferrite (LSF) claim 1 , lanthanum strontium manganese ferrite (LSMF) and lanthanum strontium chromite (LSCr) claim 1 , and lanthanum strontium cobaltite (LSCo).5. The SOFC of claim 2 , wherein the cathode electrode contains around 10-90 wt % of ...

POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE SECONDARY BATTERIES

The present disclosure is directed to a positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries that is capable of suppressing an increase in battery direct current resistance due to high-temperature storage (e.g., storage at 60° C. or higher). Positive electrode active material particles in one aspect of the present disclosure include secondary particles formed by aggregation of primary particles of a lithium transition metal oxide containing Ni and Mn and include a boron compound present in the inner part and surface of the secondary particles. The difference in composition ratio between Ni and Mn in the lithium transition metal oxide is more than 0.2. The proportion of the boron element content in the inner part of the secondary particles to the total boron element content in the inner part and surface of the secondary particles is in the range from 5% by mass to 60% by mass. 2. The positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries according to claim 1 , wherein the boron compound present in the surface of the secondary particles is at least one compound selected from lithium borate claim 1 , lithium metaborate claim 1 , and lithium tetraborate.3. The positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries according to claim 1 , whereinthe lithium transition metal oxide contain; boron, andat least part of the boron compound present in the inner part of the secondary particles is the lithium transition metal oxide containing boron.4. The positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries according to claim 1 , wherein the difference in composition ratio between Ni and Mn in the lithium transition metal oxide is 0.25 or more.5. The positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries according to claim 1 , wherein the proportion of the boron element content in the inner par: of the secondary particles to the total ...

FUEL CELL

The fuel cell according to the present invention has an anode, a cathode and a solid electrolyte layer. The cathode contains a perovskite oxide as a main component. The perovskite oxide is expressed by the general formula ABOand including La and Sr at the A site. The solid electrolyte layer is disposed between the anode and the cathode. The cathode has a surface on opposite side to the solid electrolyte layer. A first ratio of a Sr concentration relative to an La concentration is less than or equal to 4 times a second ratio of the Sr concentration relative to the La concentration. The first ratio is detected by use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on the surface of the cathode. The second ratio of a Sr concentration relative to a La concentration is detected by use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on an exposed surface. The exposed surface is exposed by surface processing of the surface. The exposed surface is positioned within 5 nm of the surface in relation to a direction of thickness. 1. A fuel cell comprising;an anode,{'sub': '3', 'a cathode containing a perovskite oxide as a main component, the perovskite oxide expressed by the general formula ABOand including La and Sr at the A site, and'}a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode,the cathode having a surface on opposite side to the solid electrolyte layer, anda first ratio of a Sr concentration relative to an La concentration being less than or equal to 4 times a second ratio of the Sr concentration relative to the La concentration,the first ratio being detected by use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on the surface of the cathode, the second ratio of a Sr concentration relative to a La concentration being detected by use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on an exposed surface,the exposed surface being exposed by surface processing of the surface,the exposed surface being positioned within 5 nm of the surface in relation to a direction of thickness.2. The fuel cell ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ANODE MATERIAL FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL

To provide an NiO-GDC composite powder or NiO-SDC composite powder having a uniform composition, which is suitable as an anode material for a solid oxide fuel cell. 1. A process for producing an anode material for a solid oxide fuel cell , made of a composite powder comprising a composite oxide containing cerium element and gadolinium or samarium element , and oxygen element , and an oxide containing nickel element and oxygen element , which comprises a dissolving step of mixing raw material compounds containing metal elements to constitute the above composite powder , at least one organic acid selected from the group consisting of maleic acid , lactic acid and malic acid , and a solvent to obtain a metal elements-containing solution , and a drying/sintering step of drying and sintering the metal elements-containing solution.2. The process for producing an anode material for a solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 , wherein in the dissolving step claim 1 , citric acid is further mixed.3. The process for producing an anode material for a solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 , wherein in the dissolving step claim 1 , citric acid and malic acid are mixed.4. The process for producing an anode material for a solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 , wherein in the dissolving step claim 1 , the number of moles of the organic acid used which is selected from the group consisting of maleic acid claim 1 , lactic acid and malic acid is from 1 to 5 times to the number of moles of Ni atoms contained in the raw material compounds and from 3 to 10 times to the sum of the number of moles of Ce atoms and the number of moles of Gd or Sm atoms contained in the raw material compounds.5. The process for producing an anode material for a solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 2 , wherein in the dissolving step claim 2 , the amount of citric acid used is from 1 to 2 times to the number of moles of Ni atoms contained in the raw material compounds and/or from 0.3 to 3 times ...

FUEL CELL

A fuel cell has an anode, a cathode, and a solid electrolyte layer. The cathode contains a main component configured by a perovskite oxide which is expressed by the general formula ABOand includes at least one of La and Sr at the A site. The solid electrolyte layer is disposed between the anode and the cathode. The cathode includes an interface region that is within 5 μm from a surface near to the solid electrolyte layer. The interface region contains a main phase configured by the perovskite oxide, and a secondary phase configured by strontium oxide. An occupied surface area ratio of the secondary phase in a cross section of the interface region is greater than or equal 0.05% and less than or equal to 3%. 1. A fuel cell comprisingan anode,{'sub': '3', 'a cathode containing a main component configured by a perovskite oxide expressed by the general formula ABOand including at least one of La and Sr at the A site, and'}a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode,the cathode including an interface region that is within 5 μm from a surface near to the solid electrolyte layer,the interface region containing a main phase configured by the perovskite oxide, and a secondary phase configured by strontium oxide, andan occupied surface area ratio of the secondary phase in a cross section of the interface region is greater than or equal 0.05% and less than or equal to 3%.2. The fuel cell according to claim 1 , wherein an average equivalent circle diameter of the secondary phase in a cross section of the interface region is greater than or equal to 10 nm and less than or equal to 500 nm. This application is a continuation application of PCT/JP2017/027081, filed Jul. 26, 2017, which claims priority to Japanese Application No. 2016-147858, filed Jul. 27, 2016, the entire contents all of which are incorporated herein by reference.The present invention relates to a fuel cell.A typical fuel cell is known to include an anode, a cathode, and a solid electrolyte ...

METHOD OF FABRICATING AN LTM PEROVSKITE PRODUCT

The present invention provides a fused product comprising LTM, perovskite, L designating lanthanum, T being an element selected from strontium, calcium, magnesium, barium, yttrium, ytterbium, cerium, and mixtures of these elements, and M designating manganese. 1. A method of fabricating a fused product comprising the following steps:a′) mixing raw materials providing lanthanum, the element T, and manganese, so as to form a starting charge;b′) fusing the starting charge to obtain a molten liquid and casting said liquid;c′) cooling said molten liquid until it has solidified completely, so as to obtain a polycrystalline fused product comprising LTM perovskite, L designating lanthanum, T being an element selected from strontium, calcium, magnesium, barium, yttrium, ytterbium, cerium, and mixtures of these elements, and M designating manganese, the product presenting the shape of a block having a thickness greater than 1 mm or the shape of a particle.2. A method according to claim 1 , said perovskite presenting molar proportions l claim 1 , t claim 1 , and mof lanthanum claim 1 , of element T claim 1 , and of manganese respectively such that claim 1 , writing:{'br': None, 'i': x=t', 'l', '+t', 'y=', 'l', '+t', 'm, 'sub': p', 'p', 'p', 'p', 'p', 'p, '/() and 1−()/'}then: x>0 and/or x≦0.5; andy≧−0.1 and/or y≦0.24.3. A method according to claim 2 , in which x≦0.4.4. A method according to claim 3 , in which:x>0.02 and/or x<0.35; and/or−0.05 y and/or y≦0.1.5. A method according to claim 4 , in which x≦0.3.6. A method according to claim 5 , in which:0.15 Подробнее

CATALYST COATING OF A PEROVSKITE FILM AND PARTICLES EXSOLUTED FROM THE PEROVSKITE FILM

A hybrid catalyst coating composed of a conformal thin film with exsoluted PrOnano-particles. The conformal PNM thin film can be a perovskite composition of PrNiMnO(PNM). The PrOnano-particles dramatically enhance the oxygen reduction reaction kinetics via a high concentration of oxygen vacancies while the thin PNM film effectively suppresses strontium segregation from the cathode of an intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell. 1. An electrode comprising:a mixed ionic-electronic conductor; andan oxygen-reducing catalyst coating on at least a portion of the conductor;wherein the catalyst coating comprises a conformal perovskite film and particles exsoluted from the perovskite film.2. (canceled)3. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the conformal perovskite film comprises a composition of praseodymium claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , oxygen claim 1 , an alkaline earth metal claim 1 , and a transition metal.4. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the particles exsoluted from the perovskite film comprise PrOnano-particles.5. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst coating has a thickness in a range from about 1 to about 50 nm.6. The electrode of claim 3 , wherein the conformal perovskite film comprises a composition selected from the group consisting of PrNiMnO claim 3 , PrzNi0.5MnO claim 3 , PrNiMnO claim 3 , and PrNiMnO.79.-. (canceled)10. The electrode of claim 3 , wherein the conformal perovskite film comprises PrBNiMnO;wherein 0≤x≤2; andwherein 0≤y≤1.11. The electrode of claim 3 , wherein the alkaline earth metal is selected from the group consisting of calcium claim 3 , strontium claim 3 , and barium; andwherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, and iron.12. (canceled)13. The electrode of claim 4 , wherein the particles exsoluted from the perovskite film comprise particles selected from the group consisting of PrOnano-particles and PrOnano-particles.1416.-. (canceled)17. The electrode of claim 10 , wherein the B ...

POSITIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL AND SECONDARY BATTERY USING THE SAME

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a positive electrode material which contains a positive electrode active material, and a dielectric material having a perovskite crystal structure. In the positive electrode material, in an X-ray diffraction pattern (vertical axis: diffraction intensity, horizontal axis: diffraction angle 2θ (rad)) obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement using a CuKα ray, a highest intensity peak which is a peak derived from the dielectric material and has the highest intensity is in a range satisfying 2θ=31° to 32°, and a half width x of the highest intensity peak satisfies the following expression: 0.22≤x≤0.33. 1. A positive electrode material comprising:a positive electrode active material; anda dielectric material disposed on a surface of the positive electrode active material and having a perovskite crystal structure,wherein, in an X-ray diffraction pattern which is obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement using a CuKα ray and in which a vertical axis indicates a diffraction intensity, a horizontal axis indicates a diffraction angle 2θ, and a unit is rad, a highest intensity peak which is a peak derived from the dielectric material and has a highest intensity is in a range satisfying 2θ=31° to 32°, and a half width x of the highest intensity peak satisfies the following expression: 0.22≤x≤0.33.2. The positive electrode material according to claim 1 ,wherein the dielectric material is a compound which contains at least one of Sr, Ba, and La; and Ti.3. The positive electrode material according to claim 1 ,{'sub': '3-δ', 'wherein the dielectric material has an ABO crystal structure, wherein δ is an oxygen deficiency amount, and a molar ratio of an element at an A site to an element at a B site is 0.920 or more and 0.993 or less.'}4. The positive electrode material according to claim 1 ,{'sub': '3-δ', 'wherein the dielectric material has an ABO crystal structure, wherein δ is a positive number satisfying 0.1≤δ≤0. ...

FUEL CELLS WITH A LAYERED ELECTROLYTE

A fuel cell is taught comprising an anode support with an anode functional layer situated on top of and in contact with the anode support. A ScCeSZ electrolyte layer is then disposed on top of and in contact with the anode functional layer. A SDC electrolyte layer is then disposed on top of and in contact with the ScCeSZ electrolyte layer. Finally, a cathode layer is disposed on top of and in contact with the SDC electrolyte layer. 1. A fuel cell comprising:an anode support;an anode functional layer disposed on top and in contact with the anode support;a ScCeSZ electrolyte layer disposed on top of and in contact with the anode functional layer;{'sub': '2', 'a samarium doped CeO(SDC) electrolyte layer disposed on top of and in contact with the ScCeSZ electrolyte layer; and'}a cathode layer disposed on top of and in contact with the SDC electrolyte layer.2. The fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode functional layer is a NiO—ScCeSZ anode functional layer.3. The fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell.4. The fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the anode functional layer ranges from about 5 to about 50 μm.5. The fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the ScCeSZ electrolyte layer ranges from about 1.5 μm to about 2.5 μm.6. The fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the SDC electrolyte layer ranges from about 9.5 μm to about 10.5 μm.7. The fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the sintering of the fuel cell occurs at temperatures less than 1300° C.8. A fuel cell comprising:an anode support;a NiO—ScCeSZ anode functional layer disposed on top and in contact with the anode support;a ScCeSZ electrolyte layer disposed on top of and in contact with the anode functional layer;{'sub': '2', 'a samarium doped CeO(SDC) electrolyte layer disposed on top of and in contact with the ScCeSZ electrolyte layer; and'}a cathode layer disposed on top of and in contact with the SDC electrolyte layer.9. A solid oxide fuel cell comprising: ...

REINFORCED MATRIX FOR MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELL AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A reinforced electrolyte matrix for a molten carbonate fuel cell includes a porous ceramic matrix, a molten carbonate salt provided in the porous ceramic matrix, and at least one reinforcing structure comprised of at least one of yttrium, zirconium, cerium or oxides thereof. The reinforcing structure does not react with the molten carbonate salt. The reinforced electrolyte matrix separates a porous anode and a porous cathode in the molten carbonate fuel cell. 1. A reinforced electrolyte matrix for a molten carbonate fuel cell comprising:a porous ceramic matrix;a molten carbonate salt provided in the porous ceramic matrix; andat least one reinforcing structure comprising at least one of yttrium, zirconium, cerium or oxides thereof;wherein the reinforcing structure does not react with the molten carbonate salt.2. The reinforced electrolyte matrix of claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing structure comprises yttria-stabilized zirconia.3. The reinforced electrolyte matrix of claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing structure comprises an alumina substrate coated with yttria.4. The reinforced electrolyte matrix of claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing structure comprises an alumina-zirconia boulder.5. The reinforced electrolyte matrix of claim 4 , wherein the alumina-zirconia boulder comprises alumina in an amount of 60 wt % and zirconia in an amount of 40 wt %.6. The reinforced electrolyte matrix of claim 4 , wherein an average particle size of the alumina-zirconia boulder is from 10 μm to 120 μm.7. The reinforced electrolyte matrix of claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing structure is a rod or a fiber having an average diameter of 1 μm to 50 μm claim 1 , and an average length of 10 μm to 100 μm.8. The reinforced electrolyte matrix of claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing structure is a yttria-stabilized zirconia rod claim 1 , a yttria-coated alumina fiber claim 1 , an alumina-zirconia boulder claim 1 , or a combination thereof.9. The reinforced electrolyte matrix of claim 1 , wherein the ...

COMPOSITION FOR FUEL CELL ELECTRODE

In some examples, a fuel cell comprising an anode; an electrolyte; cathode barrier layer; and a nickelate composite cathode separated from the electrolyte by the cathode barrier layer; and a cathode current collector layer. The nickelate composite cathode includes a nickelate compound and an ionic conductive material, and the nickelate compound comprises at least one of PrNiO, NdNiO, (PrNd)NiO, (PrNd)NiO, (PrNd)NiO, or (PrNdM)NiO, where M is an alkaline earth metal doped on an A—site of Pr and Nd. The ionic conductive material comprises a first co-doped ceria with a general formula of (AB)CeO, where A and B of the first co-doped ceria are rare earth metals. The cathode barrier layer comprises a second co-doped ceria with a general formula (AB)CeO, where at least one of A or B of the second co-doped ceria is Pr or Nd. 1. A fuel cell comprising:an anode;an electrolyte;cathode barrier layer; anda nickelate composite cathode separated from the electrolyte by the cathode barrier layer; anda cathode current collector layer,wherein the nickelate composite cathode includes a nickelate compound and an ionic conductive material, [{'sub': 2', '4, 'PrNiO,'}, {'sub': 2', '4, 'NdNiO,'}, {'sub': u', 'v', '2', '4, '(PrNd)NiO,'}, {'sub': u', 'v', '3', '2', '7, '(PrAd)NiO,'}, {'sub': u', 'v', '4', '3', '10, '(PrNd)NiO, or'}, {'sub': u', 'v', '2', '4, '(PrNdMw)NiO, where M is an alkaline earth metal doped on an A—site of Pr and Nd,'}], 'wherein the nickelate compound comprises at least one of{'sub': x', 'y', '1-x-y', '2, 'wherein the ionic conductive material comprises a first co-doped ceria with a general formula of (AB)CeO, where A and B of the first co-doped ceria are rare earth metals,'}{'sub': x', 'y', '1-x-y', '2, 'wherein cathode barrier layer comprises a second co-doped ceria with a general formula (AB)CeO, where at least one of A or B of the second co-doped ceria is Pr or Nd, and'}wherein the anode, cathode barrier layer, nickelate composite cathode, cathode current collector ...

Chemically Stable Proton Conducting Doped BaCeO3

Solid electrolytes, anodes and cathodes for SOFC. Doped BaCeOuseful for solid electrolytes and anodes in SOFCs exhibiting chemical stability in the presence of CO, water vapor or both and exhibiting proton conductivity sufficiently high for practical application. Proton-conducting metal oxides of formula BaSrCeZrGdYO where x, y1, y2, and y3 are numbers as follows: x is 0.4 to 0.6; y1 is 0.1-0.5; y2 is 0.05 to 0.15, y3 is 0.05 to 0.15, and cathode materials of formula II GdPrBaCoFeO where z is a number from 0 to 1, and δ is a number that varies such that the metal oxide compositions are charge neutral. Anodes, cathodes and solid electrolyte containing such materials. SOFC containing anodes, cathodes and solid electrolyte containing such materials. 1. A metal oxide of formula I:{'br': None, 'sub': 1−x', 'x', '1−y1−y2−y3', 'y1', 'y2', 'y3', '3−δ, 'BaSrCeZrGdYO'}where x, y1, y2, and y3 are numbers as follows:x is 0.4 to 0.6;y1 is 0.1-0.5;y2 is 0.05 to 0.15y3 is 0.05 to 0.15, where all ranges are inclusive, andδ is a number that varies such that the metal oxide composition is charge neutral.2. (canceled)3. The metal oxide of claim 1 , wherein y1 is 0.1 to 0.3 claim 1 , y2=y3 and x is 0.4 to 0.6.4. (canceled)5. The metal oxide of claim 1 , which is Perovskite 1 claim 1 , BSCZGY2 claim 1 , BSCZGY3 or BSCZGY6.6. A dense claim 1 , proton-conducting solid electrolyte comprising the metal oxide of .7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. A composite of Ni or NiO with the proton-conducting metal oxide of claim 1 , wherein the volume ratio of Ni to the proton-conducting metal oxide ranges from 30:70 to 70:30.10. The composite of claim 9 , wherein the volume ratio of Ni to the proton-conducting metal oxide ranges from 45:55 to 55 to 45.11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. (canceled)15. An anode for a proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cell which comprises a proton-conducting metal oxide of claim 1 , and Ni claim 1 , wherein the volume ratio of Ni to the proton-conducting metal ...

Scheelite-Structured Composite Metal Oxide with Oxygen Ionic Conductivity

A composite metal oxide represented by the formula 1. A composite metal oxide represented by the formula{'br': None, 'sup': a', 'b', 'c, 'sub': 1−x', 'x', '4+x/2, 'MMMO,'} [{'sup': 'a', 'Mis at least one element selected from alkaline earth metals,'}, {'sup': 'b', 'Mis at least one element selected from lanthanoids,'}, {'sup': 'c', 'Mis at least one element selected from Mo and W, and'}, 'x is from about 0.1 to about 0.5., 'wherein'}2. The composite metal oxide according to claim 1 , wherein Mis at least one element selected from Ca claim 1 , Sr claim 1 , and Ba.3. The composite metal oxide according to claim 1 , wherein Mis at least one element selected from La claim 1 , Pr claim 1 , Nd claim 1 , Sm claim 1 , Eu claim 1 , and Gd.4. The composite metal oxide according to claim 1 , wherein the composite metal oxide comprises a scheelite structure.5. A solid electrolyte layer comprising the composite metal oxide represented by the formula{'br': None, 'sup': a', 'b', 'c, 'sub': 1−x', 'x', '4+x/2, 'MMMO,'} [{'sup': 'a', 'Mis at least one element selected from alkaline earth metals,'}, {'sup': 'b', 'Mis at least one element selected from lanthanoids,'}, {'sup': 'c', 'Mis at least one element selected from Mo and W, and'}, 'x is from about 0.1 to about 0.5., 'wherein'}6. A reaction barrier layer comprising the composite metal oxide of .7. A fuel cell comprisinga cathode,a solid electrolyte layer,an anode,optionally a first reaction barrier layer disposed between the cathode and the solid electrolyte layer, andoptionally a second reaction barrier layer disposed between the anode and the solid electrolyte layer, {'br': None, 'sup': a', 'b', 'c, 'sub': 1−x', 'x', '4+x/2, 'MMMO,'}, 'wherein at least one of the cathode, the solid electrolyte layer, the anode, the first reaction barrier layer, and the second reaction barrier layer comprises a composite metal oxide represented by the formula'}wherein{'sup': 'a', 'Mis at least one element selected from alkaline earth metals,'}{' ...

METHODS OF FABRICATING SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS

In various embodiments, a solid oxide fuel cell is fabricated in part by disposing a functional layer between the cathode and the solid electrolyte. 116.-. (canceled)17. A method of operating a solid oxide fuel cell to generate electricity , wherein the solid oxide fuel cell comprises (I) an anode layer , (ii) a solid electrolyte layer disposed over the anode layer , (iii) a functional layer disposed over the solid electrolyte layer , and (iv) a cathode layer disposed over the functional layer , the method comprising: ionizing oxygen at the cathode layer to produce oxygen ions;', 'conducting oxygen ions from the cathode layer to the anode layer; and', 'reacting oxygen ions with a hydrogen-containing fuel at the anode layer., 'at an operating temperature (i) less than 550° C. when a thickness of the functional layer is less than 5 μm, or (ii) greater than 550° C. when the thickness of the functional layer is greater than 5 μm18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the thickness of the functional layer ranges from approximately 0.1 μm to approximately 20 μm.19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the operating temperature is 400° C. or greater when the thickness of the functional layer is less than 5 μm.20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the operating temperature is 800° C. or less when the thickness of the functional layer is greater than 5 μm.21. The method of claim 17 , wherein the functional layer comprises at least one of cobalt-doped gadolinium-doped ceria or cobalt-doped samarium-doped ceria.22. The method of claim 17 , wherein the cathode layer comprises at least one of lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite claim 17 , lanthanum strontium manganite claim 17 , lanthanum strontium cobaltite claim 17 , barium strontium cobalt ferrite claim 17 , samarium strontium cobaltite claim 17 , samarium-doped ceria claim 17 , or gadolinium-doped ceria.23. The method of claim 17 , wherein the solid electrolyte layer comprises at least one of yttria-stabilized zirconia claim 17 , ...

AIR ELECTRODE MATERIAL POWDER FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL AND ITS PRODUCTION PROCESS

To provide an air electrode material powder for a solid oxide fuel cell, comprising a novel LSCF powder having a highly uniform composition suitable as an air electrode material for a solid oxide fuel cell, and its production process. 3. An air electrode for a solid oxide fuel cell claim 1 , obtained by sintering the air electrode material powder for a solid oxide fuel cell as defined in .4. A process for producing the air electrode material powder for a solid oxide fuel cell as defined in claim 1 , which comprises forming compounds each containing a metal element constituting the composite oxide into a solution using an aqueous solution of an organic acid claim 1 , spray drying the obtained solution and firing the obtained dry powder.5. The process for producing the air electrode material powder for a solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 4 , wherein the number of moles of the organic acid used is from 2.3 to 10 times the total number of moles of the metal elements of the compounds each containing a metal element.6. The process for producing the air electrode material powder for a solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 4 , wherein the organic acid is at least one member selected from the group consisting of maleic acid claim 4 , lactic acid and malic acid.7. The process for producing the air electrode material powder for a solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 4 , wherein the organic acid is a mixture of citric acid with at least one member selected from the group consisting of maleic acid claim 4 , lactic acid and malic acid.8. The process for producing the air electrode material powder for a solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 4 , wherein the organic acid is a mixture of citric acid with malic acid.9. The process for producing the air electrode material powder for a solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 4 , wherein the organic acid is citric acid claim 4 , and when the compounds each containing a metal element constituting the composite oxide are ...

CATHODE MATERIAL AND FUEL CELL

A cathode material used in an anode and a cathode contains (Co,Fe)Oand a perovskite type oxide that is expressed by the general formula ABOand includes at least one of La and Sr at the A site. A content ratio of (Co,Fe)Oin the cathode material is at least 0.23 wt % and no more than 8.6 wt %. 1. A cathode material containing (Co ,Fe)Oand a perovskite type oxide , the perovskite type oxide being expressed by the general formula ABOand including at least one of La and Sr at the A site , wherein{'sub': 3', '4, 'a content ratio of (Co,Fe)Ois at least 0.23 wt % and no more than 8.6 wt %.'}2. The cathode material according to claim 1 , wherein the perovskite type oxide is LSCF.3. The cathode material according to claim 1 , wherein a content ratio of the perovskite type oxide is 91.4 wt % or more.4. The cathode material according to claim 1 , wherein the (Co claim 1 ,Fe)Ois at least one selected from the group consisting of CoFeO claim 1 , CoFeOand CoFeO. This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/819,572 filed on Aug. 6, 2015, which is a continuation application of International Application No. PCT/JP2014/059861, filed Apr. 3, 2014, which claims priority to Japanese Application No. 2013-084154, filed in Japan on Apr. 12, 2013, the contents of each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.The present invention relates to a cathode material and a fuel cell.In recent years, fuel cell batteries have attracted attention in light of effective use of energy resources and environmental problems. A fuel cell includes a fuel battery cell and an interconnector. A fuel cell generally includes an anode, a cathode and a solid electrolyte layer that is disposed between the anode and the cathode.A widely known configuration for the raw material of the cathode is a perovskite type oxide such as LSCF. (For example, reference is made to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-32132).However, repetitive use of the fuel cell for power ...

CATHODE AND LITHIUM AIR BATTERY INCLUDING THE SAME

A cathode configured to use oxygen as a cathode active material, the cathode including: a cathode mixed conductor; and an additive disposed on the cathode mixed conductor and having a boiling temperature of about 200° C. or greater. 1. A cathode configured to use oxygen as a cathode active material , the cathode comprising:a cathode mixed conductor; andan additive disposed on the cathode mixed conductor and having a boiling temperature of about 200° C. or higher.2. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the cathode mixed conductor and the additive are in the form of a composite having a core-shell structure in which a core of the core-shell structure comprises the cathode mixed conductor and a shell of the core-shell structure comprises the additive.3. The cathode of claim 2 , wherein the shell in the composite with the core-shell structure has a thickness in a range of about 1 nanometer to about 100 nanometers.4. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the additive has a boiling temperature in a range of about 200° C. to about 500° C.5. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the additive has a viscosity in a range of about 5 centipoise to about 200 centipoise.6. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the additive is a C11 to C20 fluorinated organic compound.7. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the additive is at least one of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide claim 1 , N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide claim 1 , N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium claim 1 , N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium claim 1 , or bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amid.8. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the additive comprises polydimethylsiloxane.9. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the additive is contained in an amount of about 0.01 weight percent to about 50 weight percent claim 1 , based on a total weight of the cathode.10. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the cathode mixed conductor has a specific surface area in a range of about 1 square meters per gram ...

HIGH TEMPERATURE SOLID OXIDE CELL COMPRISING DIFFUSION BARRIER LAYER AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Provided is a solid oxide cell including a fuel electrode layer, electrolyte layer and an air electrode layer, wherein a diffusion barrier layer is provided between the air electrode layer and the electrolyte layer, the diffusion barrier layer includes: a first diffusion barrier layer formed on the electrolyte layer and including a sintered ceria-based metal oxide containing no sintering aid; and a second diffusion barrier layer formed on the first diffusion barrier layer and including a sintered product of a ceria-based metal oxide mixed with a sintering aid, the first diffusion barrier layer includes a sintered product of nanopowder and macropowder of a ceria-based metal oxide, and the first diffusion barrier layer and the second diffusion barrier layer are sintered at the same time. The diffusion barrier layer is densified, shows high interfacial binding force and prevents formation of a secondary phase derived from chemical reaction with the electrolyte. 1. A solid oxide cell comprising a fuel electrode layer , electrolyte layer and an air electrode layer ,wherein a diffusion barrier layer is provided between the air electrode layer and the electrolyte layer,the diffusion barrier layer comprises:a first diffusion barrier layer formed on the electrolyte layer and comprising a sintered ceria-based metal oxide containing no sintering aid; anda second diffusion barrier layer formed on the first diffusion barrier layer and comprising a sintered product of a ceria-based metal oxide mixed with a sintering aid,the first diffusion barrier layer comprises a sintered product of nanopowder and macropowder of a ceria-based metal oxide, andthe first diffusion barrier layer and the second diffusion barrier layer are sintered at the same time.2. The solid oxide cell according to claim 1 , wherein the sintered product of nanopowder is present in an amount of 5-50 wt % based on the total weight of the first diffusion barrier layer.3. The solid oxide cell according to claim 1 , ...

High Performance Oxygen and Fuel Electrode for Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications

Novel mixed-conducting perovskite oxides, including LaCaFeCrO, useful as oxygen and fuel electrodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and reversible solid oxide fuel cells (RSOFCs) applications. Electrode materials produce by microwave-assisted processes show improved properties as electroactive materials. SOFC and RSOFC are successfully prepared using microwave-assisted techniques. 1. An electrode material having formula:{'br': None, 'sub': 0.3', '0.7', '0.7', '0.3', '3-δ, 'LaCaFeCrO.'}2. An electrode for a solid oxide fuel cell which comprises the electrode material of .3. A fuel electrode which comprises the electrode material of .4. An air or oxygen electrode which comprises the electrode material of .5. The electrode material of which is prepared by microwave-assisted combustion claim 1 , microwave-assisted co-precipitation or a microwave-assisted sol-gel method.6. A solid oxide fuel cell having an electrode which comprises the electrode material of .7. A solid oxide electrolysis cell having an electrode which comprises the electrode material of .8. A reversible solid oxide fuel cell having an electrode which comprises the electrode material of .9. A reversible solid oxide fuel cell having two electrodes claim 1 , wherein both electrodes comprise the electrode material of .10. The reversible solid oxide fuel cell of further comprising a solid electrolyte.11. The reversible solid oxide fuel cell of claim 10 , wherein the solid electrolyte is gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) or yttria stabilized zirconia.12. A method for selectively generating electricity or employing electricity to generate a fuel which comprises selectively operating a reversible solid oxide fuel cell of to generate electricity or to generate a fuel.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the solid oxide fuel cell or reversible solid oxide fuel cell is operated in the presence of a fuel containing hydrogen sulfide.14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the reversible solid oxide fuel cell is operated ...

AN ELECTRICITY AND SYNGAS CO-GENERATION SYSTEM USING POROUS SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS

A porous solid oxide fuel cell (PSOFC) system for electricity and syngas co-generation. The system has a porous layer, a porous electrolyte layer with catalyst, a porous anode layer, and a porous catalyst layer. A fuel air/Omixture is introduced from through the porous cathode layer so that it next passes through the porous electrolyte layer with catalyst, then the porous anode layer, and finally the porous catalyst layer. Syngas exits the porous catalyst layer with electricity being produced across the anode and cathode layers. 1. A porous solid oxide fuel cell , comprising:a porous cathode layer;a porous electrolyte and catalyst layer adjoining the porous cathode layer;a porous anode layer adjoining the porous electrolyte and catalyst layer; anda porous catalyst layer adjoining the porous anode layer.2. The fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the porous cathode layer claim 1 , the porous cathode layer claim 1 , the porous electrolyte and catalyst layer and the porous catalyst layer are formed into a tube.3. The fuel cell of claim 2 , wherein the porous cathode layer is the outermost layer of the tube.4. The fuel cell of claim 3 , wherein an end of the tube is closed.5. The fuel cell of claim 2 , wherein the porous cathode layer is the innermost layer of the tube.6. The fuel cell of claim 5 , wherein an end of the tube is closed.7. The fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein each of the porous cathode layer claim 1 , the porous cathode layer claim 1 , the porous electrolyte and catalyst layer and the porous catalyst layer extend along parallel planes.8. A method of co-generating electricity and syngas claim 1 , comprising the steps of:providing a porous solid oxide fuel cell having a porous cathode layer, a porous electrolyte and catalyst layer adjoining the porous cathode layer, a porous anode layer adjoining the porous electrolyte and catalyst layer, and a porous catalyst layer adjoining the porous anode layer;introducing a mixture of fuel and oxygen into the porous cathode ...

Highly Porous Cathode Catalyst Layer Structures for Flexible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications in Vehicles

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) includes a cathode having a yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) structure. The YSZ structure is in contact with a solid electrolyte layer. A lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) structure is deposited on the YSZ structure to form a composite cathode. The cathode includes a catalyst layer. The catalyst layer is a mesoporous nanoionic catalyst material integrated with the YSZ and LSM structures. Alternatively, or in addition to, the mesoporous nanoionic catalyst material may be coated onto the YSZ and LSM structures or embedded into the YSZ and LSM structures. The mesoporous nanoionic catalyst material may form an interconnected fibrous network. 1. A solid oxide fuel cell , comprising:a current collector;a solid electrolyte layer; and yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) extending between the current collector and the solid electrolyte layer and in contact with the solid electrolyte layer;', 'lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) deposited on the YSZ; and', 'a mesoporous nanoionic catalyst material embedded into the YSZ and LSM, wherein the mesoporous nanoionic catalyst material comprises an interconnected fibrous network., 'a cathode comprising2. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the mesoporous nanoionic catalyst material is a base metal and ZrO2.3. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 2 , wherein the base metal is Pt claim 2 , PtPd claim 2 , PtNi claim 2 , PtCu claim 2 , PtFe claim 2 , PtPdNi claim 2 , PtPdCu claim 2 , PdCu claim 2 , PdNi claim 2 , or PdFe.4. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the mesoporous nanoionic catalyst material is a base metal and a mixed oxide of ZrO2-CeO2.5. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 4 , wherein the base metal is Pt claim 4 , PtPd claim 4 , PtNi claim 4 , PtCu claim 4 , PtFe claim 4 , PtPdNi claim 4 , PtPdCu claim 4 , PdCu claim 4 , PdNi claim 4 , or PdFe.6. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the mesoporous nanoionic catalyst material has a thickness of 0.25 nm to 200 nm.7. ...

CATHODE MATERIAL FOR A SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL AND METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME

A cathode material for a solid oxide fuel cell comprises a perovskite type complex oxide which is represented by Formula 1: 2. The cathode material according to claim 1 , wherein M is sodium and x ranges from 0.005 to 0.030.3. The cathode material according to claim 1 , wherein M is potassium and x ranges from 0.005 to 0.025.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein step a) is performed by calcination.6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the alkali metal precursor is selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate claim 4 , sodium nitrate claim 4 , sodium hydroxide claim 4 , sodium ethoxide claim 4 , sodium hydrocarbonate claim 4 , sodium peroxide claim 4 , potassium carbonate claim 4 , potassium nitrate claim 4 , potassium hydroxide claim 4 , potassium nitrite claim 4 , potassium chloride claim 4 , and combinations thereof.7. The method according to claim 4 , wherein M is sodium claim 4 , and a molar ratio of sodium contained in the alkali metal precursor to gadolinium contained in gadolinium oxide is in a range from 5×10to 31×10.8. The method according to claim 4 , wherein M is potassium claim 4 , and a molar ratio of potassium contained in the alkali metal precursor to gadolinium contained in gadolinium oxide is in a range from 5×10to 26×10.9. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol claim 4 , paraffin wax claim 4 , polyethylene claim 4 , polypropylene claim 4 , polystyrene claim 4 , poly(methyl methacrylate) claim 4 , ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer claim 4 , ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer claim 4 , and combinations thereof.10. The method according to claim 4 , wherein step d) is performed by isostatic pressing.11. The method according to claim 4 , wherein step e) is performed at a sintering temperature ranging from 1150° C. to 1350° C. This application claims priority of Taiwanese Application No. 106141532, filed on Nov. 29, 2017.The disclosure relates to a cathode ...

PEROVSKITE COMPOUNDS FOR STABLE, HIGH ACTIVITY SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL CATHODES AND OTHER APPLICATIONS

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are provided. A SOFC may comprise a cathode, an anode, and a solid oxide electrolyte between the anode and the cathode, wherein the cathode comprises a perovskite compound. The perovskite compound may be characterized by a log k* value which is less negative than about −6.0 cm/s; an energy above the convex hull of less than about 40 meV/(formula unit); a bandgap of about 0 and a charge transfer gap of about 0. 1. A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) comprising a cathode , an anode , and a solid oxide electrolyte between the anode and the cathode , wherein the cathode comprises a perovskite compound , wherein the perovskite compound is selected from{'sub': '3', 'PrCoO;'}{'sub': (1−a−b)', 'a', 'b', '3, 'BaLaZnNiO(Formula 1B), wherein 0.125≤a≤0.25 and 0.25≤b≤0.375;'}{'sub': (1−x)', 'x', 'y', 'y′', 'y″', '3, 'AA′BB′B″O(Formula 1C), wherein 0≤x≤0.5, 0.125≤y≤1, 0≤y′≤0.875, 0≤y″≤0.875, y+y′+y″=1, and if x is zero, then y is not 1; wherein A is selected from Ba, Y, and Pr; A′ is selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, Sm, Nd, Cd, and Sn, wherein A and A′ are different; B is selected from Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co; B′ is selected from Co, Ni, Zr, Nb, Ru, Hf, Ta, Re, Os, and Pt; and B″ is Zr, wherein B, B′, and B″ are different; and combinations thereof;'}wherein the perovskite compound is characterized by a log k* value which is less negative than about −6.0 cm/s; an energy above the convex hull of less than about 40 meV/(formula unit); a bandgap of about 0 and a charge transfer gap of about 0,{'sub': 0.5', '0.5', '0.9', '0.1', '3, 'and further wherein the perovskite compound is not BaSrFeNbO.'}2. The SOFC of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite compound is selected from Formula 1C.3. The SOFC of claim 2 , wherein A is Y; or A′ is Cd or Sn; or B′ is selected from Ru claim 2 , Hf claim 2 , Ta claim 2 , Re claim 2 , and Os; or all three.4. The SOFC of claim 2 , wherein the perovskite compound is selected from AA′BB′O(Formula 2A) claim 2 , wherein 0≤x≤0.5 claim 2 , 0≤y≤0.875 ...

Intermediate-Temperature Fuel Cell Tailored for Efficient Utilization of Methane

A solid oxide fuel cell capable of directly utilizing hydrocarbons as a fuel source at operating temperatures between 200° C. and 500° C. The anode, electrolyte, and cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell can include technologies for improved operation at temperatures between 200° C. and 500° C. The anode can include technologies for improved direct utilization of hydrocarbon fuel sources. 1. A fuel cell comprising:an anode comprising a doped ceria catalyst; an oxygen ion transporting solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrolyte material; and', 'a proton transporting SOFC electrolyte material; and, 'an electrolyte comprisinga cathode;wherein the ratio of oxygen ion transporting SOFC electrolyte material to proton transporting SOFC electrolyte material is approximately 1:10; andwherein the fuel cell is configured to directly utilize hydrocarbon fuel at temperatures of 500° C. or less.2. The fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode comprises:an anode functional layer (AFL);an anode support layer (ASL); andanode reforming layer (ARL).3. The fuel cell of claim 2 , wherein the AFL and ASL layers comprise Ni-based material.4. The fuel cell of claim 2 , wherein the AFL and ASL layers comprise Ni—BaZrCeYYbO.5. The fuel cell of claim 2 , wherein the ARL layer comprises the doped ceria catalyst.6. The fuel cell of claim 2 , wherein the ASL layer is impregnated with sameria-doped ceria (SDC).7. The fuel cell of claim 2 , wherein the AFL and ASL layers have a pore structure; andwherein the AFL layer has a finer pore structure than the ASL layer.8. The fuel cell of claim 5 , wherein the doped ceria catalyst comprises Ni and Ru doped ceria.9. The fuel cell of claim 5 , wherein the doped ceria catalyst comprises Ni and Ru supported ceria.10. The fuel cell of claim 5 , wherein the doped ceria catalyst comprises Ni and Ru doped ceria and Ni and Ru supported ceria.11. The fuel cell of claim 5 , wherein at least a portion of the dopants are ions dispersed on a surface of the ceria.12. The ...