ОПТИЧЕСКИЙ УСИЛИТЕЛЬ С НАКАЧКОЙ НА МНОЖЕСТВЕННЫХ ДЛИНАХ ВОЛН

Изобретение относится к области усиления оптического сигнала. Оптический усилитель содержит подложку, оптический мультиплексор, источники световых пучков накачки с различными длинами волн, усиливающий волновод, волновод сигнала. Оптический мультиплексор встроен в подложку. Источники световых пучков связаны с оптическим мультиплексором. Усиливающий волновод встроен в легированную часть подложки и связан с оптическим мультиплексором. Волновод сигнала встроен в подложку устройства и связан с усиливающим волноводом. Волновод сигнала и оптический мультиплексор слабо связаны между собой. Источники световых пучков накачки формируют световые пучки, центрированные вокруг базовой длины волны. Технический результат - уменьшение рассеяния, повышение надежности устройства. 4 н. и 22 з.п. ф-лы, 9 ил.

Устройство для генерации ультракоротких лазерных импульсов с управляемой частотой следования на основе полупроводникового волновода с бегущей волной пространственного заряда

Полезная модель относится к области физики лазеров, в частности к созданию генераторов ультракоротких импульсов с возможностью перестройки частоты следования сигналов. Основным элементом полезной модели для получения ультракоротких оптических импульсов с возможностью перестройки частоты следования сигналов в режиме генерации является полупроводниковый цилиндрический волновод на основе арсенида галлия. В волноводе предполагается организация распространяющейся волны пространственного заряда (ВПЗ) за счет подачи на его торцы напряжения от внешнего источника питания. При вводе излучения в структуру под малым углом оно преобразуется в медленную поверхностную электромагнитную волну и начинает распространяться по винтовой траектории вдоль поверхности волновода с малым шагом. При выполнении условия фазового синхронизма реализуется эффективное взаимодействие между электромагнитной волной и ВПЗ. В этом случае будет осуществляться сильная фазовая модуляция электромагнитной волны. Частота модуляции ...

Herstellungsverfahren für einen Laserwellenleiter

Planare optische Vorrichtung

Optical directional coupler for telephony

The structure includes two layers of gallium-aluminium arsenide (1,5) and an intermediate layer (2) of gallium-arsenide. A pair (3,4) of metal electrodes is applied to the top layer to receive a respective coupling-controlling current (I1,I2). The coupling state which obtains in the coupler is determined as between bar coupling or cross-coupling so that light input on a waveguide is output, with amplification, on a second or third waveguide. The current injected through the electrodes determines the coupling state by changing the real part of refractive index (n1,n2,n3) of the respective waveguide section. The changing of the imaginary part of the respective refractive index is instrumental to vary the amplification.

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR PASSIVEN AUSRICHTUNG

Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Glass-Wellenleiters

Laser waveguide

Optical waveguide with multiple core layers and method of fabrication thereof

A laser

Method of manufacturing a laser 10 comprising a first single integral piece body or monobloc (CHASSIS) defining two cavities and a conduit extending between the cavities. The conduit acts as a waveguide 5, 6. The method comprises locating two optical components 3, 4 in the cavities. The first single integral piece body may be manufactured using a machining or additive manufacture process. The first single integral piece may be brought together with a second single integral piece 9 (LID), the integral pieces cooperating to define a conduit that acts as a waveguide which confines the laser light. The second integral piece may define a side of the cavities. The cavities may retain the optical components in optical alignment, retaining them directly against a wall of the cavities. A first and second mirror may be located in the cavities. A method of manufacturing an optical circuit comprising the above method.

PRODUCTION OF ELECTRONIC CARRIER SIGNALS WITHIN THE OPTICAL RANGE

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR LIABILITIES THE ADJUSTMENT

LITHIUM NIOBIUM RK TRANSVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE STRUCTURES WITH EARTH RARE EARTH.

AMPLIFIER FOR OPTICAL TRANSVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE AND LASER.

Optical amplifier and light source

DIELECTRIC RING LASERS

LASER DEVICES USING GAIN MEDIA IN OUT OF PHASE MODE

The basic gain medium enclosure for the laser devices that comprises two parallel lateral mirrors (1 and 2), which geometrically defi the extent of t he gain medium enclosure and which allow the formation of lateral stationary sinusoidal waves.

OPTICAL AMPLIFIER OPERATING IN THE 1.26-1.34 .MU.M RANGE

Amplificateur optique dans le domaine spectral 1,26 à 1,34 .mu.m, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte un substrat massif en verre fluoré dopé au praséodyme dans lequel est réalisé un guide d'onde monomode en trois dimensions présentant un écart d'indice .DELTA. n vis-à-vis de celui dudit verre fluoré compris entre 4 x 10-3 et 8 x 10d'onde étant associé par des moyens de couplage à une pompe optique de longueur d'onde égale à 1, 02 .mu.m ...

ZWISCHENVERSTAERKER AN EINEM OPTISCHEN WELLENLEITER.

Laserstrahlenempfänger

MINIMALLY OPTICALLY PUMPED LASER CAVITY, ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD AND LASER USING THE SAME CAVITY.

DISPOSITIF D'AMPLIFICATION OPTIQUE AVEC FONCTION DE FILTRE ANTI-PARASITES

L'INVENTION CONCERNE UN DISPOSITIF D'AMPLIFICATION OPTIQUE AVEC FONCTION DE FILTRAGE DE BRUITS. UN CORPS, COMPOSE DE PLUSIEURS COUCHES 11-15 DE MATIERES DIFFERENTES, PORTE DES ELECTRODES 16 SUR DES FACES OPPOSEES. DES PREMIERE 12 ET DEUXIEME 14 DE CES COUCHES CONDUISENT LES ONDES LUMINEUSES ET FORMENT UN COUPLEUR DIRECTIONNEL PRESENTANT UNE LONGUEUR D'INTERACTION 2L EGALE A DEUX LONGUEURS DE COUPLAGE. LA COUCHE 14 CONSTITUE UN AMPLIFICATEUR A ONDES PROGRESSIVES QUI EST POMPE AU MOYEN D'UN COURANT ELECTRIQUE I CIRCULANT ENTRE LES ELECTRODES 16. DOMAINE D'APPLICATION: CIRCUITS DE TRANSMISSION DE SIGNAUX OPTIQUES.

Structure of integrated containing a rare earth, method component optical for realization and applications

Structure de composant optique intégré destiné à fonctionner à une longueur d'onde lambda1 de fluorescence d'un ion de terre rare. Selon l'invention, ladite structure est constituée, au moins, par une couche mince (10) d'une solution solide d'un fluorure mixte de terre rare de formule (1-x) (M1 - y M'y F2 )-x TRFz déposée sur un substrat (20) d'un matériau semiconducteur monocristallin, M et M' désignant un ion alcalino-terreux, TRFz désignant un fluorure de terre rare, x étant compris dans l'intervalle ]0,1[ et y étant compris dans l'intervalle [0,1]. Application aux télécommunications par guides d'onde optiques.

Intracavity laser source for e.g. military application, has pumping unit including thulium doped crystal in form of thin strip, to transversely pump holmium doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal, where unit pumps thulium crystal

La présente invention concerne notamment le domaine des lasers et a plus particulièrement pour objet une source laser intracavité comportant des premiers moyens de pompage (2) aptes à pomper des seconds moyens de pompage, comportant un premier cristal (3)dopé avec du thulium et constitué par une lame mince, eux-mêmes aptes à pomper transversalement un second cristal (4) dopé avec de l'holmium, les premier et second cristaux (3 ; 4) étant disposés dans une même cavité (5) et caractérisée en ce que le premier cristal est en Tm:YAG et en ce que les premiers moyens de pompage (2) sont aptes à pomper transversalement ce premier cristal (3).

OPTICALLY SURFACE-PUMPED EDGE-EMITTING DEVICES AND SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF MAKING SAME

Optical resonator devices and systems enhanced with photoluminescent phosphors and designed and configured to output working light in an edge-emitting fashion at one or more wavelengths based on input/pump light, and systems and devices made with such resonators. The edge-emitting functionality is enabled by providing one or more waveguides that direct light luminesced from the phosphors to one or more edges of the device. In some embodiments, the resonators contain multiple optical resonator cavities in combination with one or more photoluminescent phosphor layers or other structures. In other embodiments, the resonators are designed to simultaneously resonate at the input/pump and output wavelengths. The photoluminescent phosphors can be any suitable photoluminescent material, including semiconductor and other materials in quantum- confining structures, such as quantum wells and quantum dots, among others.

NOVEL POLYMERIC DEVICES INCLUDING OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE LASER AND OPTICAL AMPLIFIER

The present invention provides a family of novel polymeric devices including an optical laser and optical amplifier, as well as novel methods and materials for their manufacture. The devices of the invention preferably each comprise optical nonlinear second-order polymers (including polymer blends) which exhibit electroluminescence. The devices can be present in a single layer (e.g., either singly, or in an array including a side-by-side arrangement), and optionally comprise a plurality of layers, such as at least two layers, preferably which are stacked (e.g., either a stack of single devices, or a stack of arrayed devices). The devices of the invention optionally can be fabricated attached to other devices (optical or non-optical) or elements of devices (e.g., electrodes and the like).

POWER SCALABLE OPTICAL SYSTEMS FOR GENERATING, TRANSPORTING, AND DELIVERING HIGH POWER, HIGH QUALITY LASER BEAMS

Power scalable, rectangular, multi-mode, self-imaging, waveguide technologies are used with various combination of large aperture configurations, 20, 50, 80, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, 332, 334, 336, 338, Gaussian 360 and super-Gaussian 350 beam profiles, thermal management configurations 100, flared 240 and tapered 161 waveguide shapes, axial or zig-zag light propagation paths, diffractive wall couplers 304, 306, 308, 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320 and phase controller 200, flexibility 210, phased arrays 450, 490, beam combiners 530, 530', and separators 344, 430, and other features to generate, transport, and deliver high power laser beams.

Cr4+DOPED CRYSTAL STRIP-LOADED OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE AMPLIFIERS FOR BROADBAND OPTICAL AMPLIFICATION AROUND 1310 NM

The present invention discloses an optical device, comprising a Cr4+Doped crystal substrate and at least one optically transparent strop disposed on the substrate, wherein the at least one optically transparent strip has a higher refractive index than the substrate.

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE AMPLIFIER AND LASER

A resonant waveguide cavity, preferably a loop, is fabricated from an active material doped host glass and includes a wavelength dispersive lateral coupling designed to preferentially support wavelengths in a selected bandwidth. Pumping light is provided to excite the active material so that the supported wavelengths stimulate in phase emission to increase their amplitude with the amplified signal presented to an output fiber. Where a signal generator is desired, the pumping light can be used to drive the resonant cavity into oscillation to provide a CW output at one of the cavity supported wavelengths.

Diode-pumped solid-state thin slab laser

An edge-pumped solid state thin slab laser apparatus is disclosed that is power scalable to well over 150 W for either multimode or near single transverse mode operation. A slab thickness is selected that is small enough to minimize thermal effects for a straight through beam yet large enough to allow efficient direct coupling of pump light from high power diode array stacks while also keeping the gain to within manageable levels for pulsed operation. Cooling of the slab is provided conductively, preferably by contact with metal blocks of high thermal conductivity. The edge-pumped solid state thin slab laser provides a near-one dimensional temperature gradient and heat flow direction that is perpendicular to the laser signal plane of propagation. The width of the slab is selected so as to maximize pump absorption length for a given laser material and both one and two-sided pumping schemes can be accommodated by the basic slab laser platform, depending on power, mode and beam quality requirements ...

Tunable Laser

A wavelength tunable laser includes a filter region having a wavelength selection function on light from a gain region, wherein the filter region is a Sagnac interferometer and includes two ring resonators. The ring resonator has two optical couplers, and first and second curved waveguides that connect the two optical couplers and lengths of which equal to each other, each of the two optical couplers is configured to receive input of the light from the gain region through the input-output port, to couple light of a resonant peak to a bar port of the input-output port, and to couple light except light at a resonant peak wavelength to a cross port of the input-output port, and the first curved waveguide connects the bar ports of the input-output ports of the two optical couplers, and the second curved waveguide connects the cross ports of ports, of the two optical couplers, that the first curved waveguide is connected to. 1. A wavelength tunable laser comprising a filter region having a wavelength selection function on light from a gain region , wherein{'claim-text': ['the ring resonator has two optical couplers, and first and second curved waveguides connecting the two optical couplers,', 'each of the two optical couplers is configured to receive input of the light from the gain region through an input-output port, to split the light into light of a resonant peak and light except light at a resonant peak wavelength, to couple the light of the resonant peak to a bar port of the input-output port, and to couple the light except the light at the resonant peak wavelength to a cross port of the input-output port, and', 'the first curved waveguide connects the bar ports of the input-output ports of the two optical couplers, and the second curved waveguide connects the cross ports of ports, of the two optical couplers, that the first curved waveguide is connected to, the wavelength tunable laser comprising', 'inside a loop of the ring resonator, two radiation waveguides ...

Gain flattening optical filter, optical amplifier comprising such an optical filter and method for manufacturing such an optical filter

An optical signal amplification device (200) comprises an optical amplifier (210) having a wavelength-dependent gain and an equalization device (100) optically coupled in series to the optical amplifier and having a wavelength-dependent transmission function that substantially equalize the gain of the optical amplifier, the equalization device comprising a waveguide Bragg grating having a substantially constant refractive index envelope and a chirp rate that varies in such a way as to obtain the wavelength-dependent transmission function.

Optical amplifier and fabrication method thereof

An optical amplifier including an optical waveguide layer (for example channel-shaped optical waveguide layer) including Pb1-xLax(ZryTi1-y)1-x/4O3(PLZT: 0 Подробнее

Method for fabricating optical devices by assembling multiple wafers containing planar optical waveguides

A method for fabricating optical devices comprises the steps of preparing a first substrate wafer with at least one buried optical waveguide on an approximately flat planar surface of the substrate and a second substrate wafer with at least a second buried optical waveguide. The waveguides so formed may be straight or be curved along the surface of the wafer or curved by burying the waveguide at varying depth along its length. The second wafer is turned (flipped) and bonded to the first wafer in such a manner that the waveguides, for example, may form an optical coupler or may crossover one another and be in proximate relationship along a region of each. As a result, three dimensional optical devices are formed avoiding conventional techniques of layering on a single substrate wafer. Optical crossover angles may be reduced, for example, to thirty degrees from ninety degrees saving substrate real estate. Recessed areas may be provided in one or the other substrate surface reducing crosstalk ...

Laser with a gain medium layer doped with a rare earth metal with upper and lower light-confining features

One illustrative laser disclosed herein includes a gain medium layer having a first width in a transverse direction that is orthogonal to a laser emitting direction of the laser, and an upper light-confining structure positioned above an upper surface of the gain medium layer, wherein the upper light-confining structure has a second width in the transverse direction that is equal to or less than the first width and comprises at least one material having an index of refraction that is at least 2.0. The laser also includes a lower light-confining structure positioned below a lower surface of the gain medium layer, wherein the lower light-confining structure has a third width in the transverse direction that is equal to or less than the first width and comprises at least one material having an index of refraction that is at least 2.0.

Planar optical device

FLAT WAVEGUIDE ELEMENT OPTICAL AMPLIFIER AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a flat waveguide element optical amplifier which can have a high amplification ratio and is highly integrated. SOLUTION: The optical amplifier comprises a semiconductor substrate, a lower clad layer which is laminated on the semiconductor substrate, a core layer 160 which is laminated on the lower clad layer and serves as a propagation path for an optical signal, an amplifier layer 140 which is laminated on the lower clad layer adjacently to the core layer to form an annular light path and amplifies an optical signal coupled with an inner side of the core layer from the core layer along the annular light path, and a clad layer which is laminated on the amplifier layer and a surrounds the core layer and amplifier layer together with the lower clad layer. COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO ...

Кольцевой объёмный оптический резонатор

Изобретение к лазерной технике. Кольцевой объемный оптический резонатор содержит ограниченную наружной и внутренней стенками кольцевую замкнутую полость с впускным отверстием для активной среды и отводным отверстием, образующую коаксиальные поверхности, систему зеркал, установленных вдоль поверхностей полости и образующих оптическую ось в виде замкнутой ломаной линии, выпускное отверстие для излучения. Замкнутая полость выполнена между наружной и внутренней стенками в виде тороидальных коаксиальных поверхностей или наружной и внутренней стенками в виде коаксиальных многогранников. Зеркала системы установлены с нечетным количеством отражающих граней зеркал и расположены относительно друг друга с образованием верхнего и нижнего односторонних световодов с конечными глухими зеркалами, направленными на выпускное отверстие для излучения. Технический результат заключается в обеспечении возможности получения резонатора наибольшего объема с максимальным коэффициентом усиления и минимальным весом ...

Multipfad-Laservorrichtung mit einem Festkörperplattenlaserstab

Optisch gepumpter Miniatur-Laser Resonator, Verfahren zur Herstellung und Laser mit einem solchen Resonator.

Wellenlängenkonvertereinrichtung.

Solid state laser with multiple cores coupled by fold optics

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE TYPE STAR COUPLER

Multiple core waveguide

An optical waveguide with multiple core layers for transmitting an optical signal comprises a substrate 12; an intermediate layer 13 formed on said substrate; a waveguide core 16 formed on said intermediate layer; and an upper cladding layer 17 embedding said waveguide core. The waveguide core 16 comprises a first core layer 14 formed on said intermediate layer and a second core layer 15 formed on said first core layer. The first core layer has photosensitive properties and the second core layer has optical gain properties. The waveguide can be used as a laser waveguide with an interference mirror 19 at the input end and a Bragg grating 11 in the first core 14.

OPTICAL RESONATING DEVICE

RESONATOR FOR SLAB LASERS

Optically pumped optical waveguide amplifier

An optically amplifying waveguide 14 guides two different modes, for example both the LP 01 and the LP 02 mode. Its dopant distribution profile e.g. of erbium is preferentially matched with the modal field distribution of the LP 02 mode. The waveguide is provided with long period perturbations 18 of a pitch and strength that resonantly couples signal power of different wavelengths from propagation in the LP 01 mode to propagation in the LP 02 mode and back again to propagation in the LP 01 mode whereby the longitudinal distribution of gain along the waveguide at one wavelength is longitudinally displaced with respect to that at least one other wavelength. The waveguide is useful for gain equalisation in WDM transmission.

Light-emitting systems

SOLID STATE LASER WITH MULTIPLE CORES COUPLED BY FOLD OPTICS

IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO OPTICAL COUPLERS

... 1287035 Optical couplers WESTERN ELECTRIC CO Inc 22 Jan 1970 [24 Jan 1969 21 April 1969] 3078/70 Heading G2J [Also in Division H3] An optical coupler comprises a thin film 12, 13 of optical material the major surfaces of which are plane parallel and the index of refraction n 2 , and a prism 16 having an index of refraction n 3 , the prism being adapted for internal reflection of light at a first surface 18 disposed parallel to the major surfaces of the thin film 13 and separated therefrom by a gap of refractive index n 1 to partially frustrate the internal reflection, the major surface remote from the gap being in contact with an environment 14 (e.g. a substrate) having a refractive index n 4 , n 3 being larger than the largest of n 4 , and n 1 , and the coupler, when suitably orientated to receive a coherent light beam, providing phase-matched coupling of said beam to a wave propagating in the thin film transverse to the direction of the beam. The prism and the thin film 12 are optically ...

OPTICAL TRANSVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE AND THESE CONTAINING DEVICES

HIGH SPEED SUPERCLIGHT EMITTING DIODE WITH A CURVED MULTIPLE PASSAGE TRANSVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE

ACHIEVEMENT-SCALE-CASH TRANSVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE AMPLIFIER AND LASER ELEMENTS

LIGHT WAVE COUPLING ARRANGEMENT

REPEATER AMPLIFIERS

LIGHT AMPLIFYING DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE DEVICE, LIGHT SOURCE DEVICE USING THE LIGHT AMPLIFYING DEVICE, LIGHT TREATMENT DEVICE USING THE LIGHT SOURCE DEVICE, AND EXPOSURE DEVICE USING THE LIGHT SOURCE DEVICE

Pulsed non-linear resonant cavity

Rare-earth doped phosphate-glass lasers

Element for the amplification of a light and method of making the same

An element for the amplification of a light by stimulated emission of radiation comprising: a piece of glass with a tubular structure formed therein to guide light; the tubular structure has a boundary region of average refractive index less than that of a majority of the piece of glass; and a plurality of centres in the piece of glass that amplify the guided light, the amplification being by stimulated emission of radiation when the centres are illuminated by another light. Also contemplated is a method of manufacturing said element that comprises the step of: translating a focal point of an electromagnetic radiation relative to a piece of glass to form a tubular structure to guide light, that has a boundary region of average refractive index less than that of a majority of the piece of glass, determined, at least in part, by the interaction between the electromagnetic radiation and glass.

DOPED SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTAL LAYERS, DOPED SEMICONDUCTOR POWDERS AND PHOTONIC DEVICES EMPLOYING SUCH LAYERS OR POWDERS

The present invention relates to a doped semiconductor nanocrystal layer comprising (a) a group IV oxide layer which is free of ion implantation damage, (b) from 30 to 50 atomic percent of a semiconductor nanocrystal distributed in the group IV oxide layer, and (c) from 0.5 to 15 atomic percent of one or more rare earth element, the one or more rare earth element being (i) dispersed on the surface of the semiconductor nanocrystal and (ii) distributed substantially equally through the thickness of the group IV oxide layer. The present invention also relates to a semiconductor structure comprising the above semiconductor nanocrystal layer and to processes for preparing the semiconductor nanocrystal layer. Furthermore, photonic devices employing the new materials are also provided. The invention provides a doped semiconductor powder comprising nanocrystals of a group IV semiconductor and a rare earth element, the rare earth element being dispersed on the surface of the group IV semiconductor ...

OPTICAL AMPLIFIER WITH MULTIPLE WAVELENGTH PUMP

An optical amplifier comprises a substrate, an optical multiplexer embedded in the substrate, pump light sources with multiple wavelengths coupled to the optical multiplexer, and an amplification waveguide coupled to the multiplexer. In one embodiment an optical signal is directed to another waveguide in the substrate. In another embodiment, the amplification waveguide is doped with a rare earth element.

RARE-EARTH DOPED PHOSPHATE-GLASS LASERS

... ▓▓▓Apparatus and method for integrating rare-earth doped lasers and optics on ▓glass substrates. An optical (e.g., laser) component formed from a glass ▓substrate doped with an optically active lanthanides species with a plurality ▓of waveguides defined by channels within the substrate. The laser component ▓may constitute a monolithic array of individual waveguides in which the ▓waveguides of the array form laser resonator cavities with differing resonance ▓characteristics. The channels defining the waveguides are created by exposing ▓a surface of the substrate to an ion-exchange solvent through a mask layer ▓having a plurality of line apertures corresponding to the channels which are ▓to be formed. Another aspect is directed toward pumping the laser. A laser ▓component formed from a glass substrate doped with a laser species and having ▓one or more substrate waveguides defined therein, and superstrate waveguide ▓cavity, or cladding, positioned adjacent the substrate waveguide for supplying ...

MULTI-PASS, ARCUATE BENT WAVEGUIDE, HIGH POWER SUPERLUMINESCENT DIODE

An optical device (300) including first and second facets (340, 350); an at least partially bent waveguide (320) formed on a substrate and including a portion perpendicular to the first facet; and a light amplification region (310) coupled to the bent waveguide. The light amplification region includes an expanding tapered portion and a contracting tapered portion which approaches the second facet.

RARE-EARTH-DOPED LITHIUM NIOBATE WAVEGUIDE STRUCTURES

... (57) In a waveguide structure with diffused rare-earth doping in a light-guide channel (LK) arranged in a lithium niobate crystal surface (S), the rare-earth doping is arranged in an effective rare-earth doping region (SE) approximately coaxially with the light-guide channel (LK); the light-guide channel (LK) is diffused directly from the crystal surface (S) and its expansion (W) is laterally limited.

OPTICAL AMPLIFIER

An optical waveguide having a first cross section is thinned to constitute a thinned portion having a second cross section, as long as a predetermined length. The surface of the thinned portion is contacted with a laser glass member doped with a rare earth element, such as Er. Due to the thinned diameter' the optical fiber is optically coupled with the laser glass member. A pumping light is input either into the optical waveguide together with a signal light or directly into the laser glass member. Signal light coupled from the thinned portion to the laser glass member is amplified by stimulated emission of the laser glass. The thus amplified signal light is coupled back to the thinned portion so as to propagate along the optical waveguide. The thinned portion can be as short as several centimeters compared with ten meters to more than one hundred meters for a conventional optical amplifier. In the optical waveguide where the pumping light is directly input to the laser glass member, a ...

OPTICAL DEVICE Of AMPLIFICATION HAS PROPAGATION GUIDEE, AND PROCEEDED DEFABRICATION

MONOCHROMATIC SOURCE INCLUDING/UNDERSTANDING A OPTICALLY ACTIVE MATERIAL

OPTICAL AMPLIFIER OF POWER HAS PLANAR GUIDE Of WAVE PUMPS LASER OPTIQUEMENTET OF POWER USING THIS AMPLIFIER

REPEATER AMPLIFIERS

HIGH-GAIN DIODE-PUMPED LASER AMPLIFIER

A laser amplifier (10) includes a laser active slab (11) with pump power to amplify an input laser beam (31), the laser active slab (11) including a block of laser active material having opposed lateral faces (13, 15) defining a wedge lateral dihedral angle, longitudinal faces (17, 19), and transverse faces (51, 53), the wedge angle specified to minimize parasitic amplified spontaneous emission. Pump power may be laser diode bars (21, 41) and microlenses (23, 43) producing a gain sheet (35) in the laser active slab (11). The lateral faces (13, 15) may include optical coatings (27, 47) highly transmitting at pump power and highly reflecting at lasing wavelength to provide a folded path for the input laser beam (31) though the gain sheet (35). The laser amplifier (10) may optionally include one or more external mirrors (153, 155) highly reflecting at the lasing wavelength positioned and oriented to provide one or more additional zig-zag passes through the gain sheet (35) for the input laser ...

UNIDIRECTIONAL RING LASERS

A laser includes an active ring, a passive waveguide, and a reflector. The active ring is to generate light. The passive waveguide is associated with the active ring to capture generated light. The reflector is associated with the passive waveguide to cause captured light from the waveguide to be coupled into the active ring to trigger domination of unidirectional lasing in the active ring to generate light.

BLUE LD PUMPED PRASEODYMIUM DOPED SOLID STATE LASER DEVICE WITH REDUCED TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE

The present invention relates to a solid state laser device with a solid state gain medium between two resonator end mirrors (3, 5) and a GaN-based pump laser (1) arranged to optically pump the solid state gain medium. The solid state gain medium is a Pr 3+ -doped crystalline or polycrystalline host material (4) which has a cubic crystalline structure and highest phonon energies of ≤ 600 cm -1 and provides a band gap of ≥ 5,5 eV. The proposed solid state laser can be designed to emit at several visible wavelengths with the emitted power showing a reduced dependence on the temperature of the GaN-based pump laser (1).

RARE-EARTH-DOPED LITHIUM NIOBATE WAVEGUIDE STRUCTURES

In a waveguide structure with diffused rare-earth doping in a light-guide channel (LK) arranged in a lithium niobate crystal surface (S), the rare-earth doping is arranged in an effective rare-earth doping region (SE) approximately coaxially with the light-guide channel (LK); the light-guide channel (LK) is diffused directly from the crystal surface (S) and its expansion (W) is laterally limited.

PLANAR WAVEGUIDE AMPLIFIER

A planar optical waveguide amplifier for amplifying optical communications signals when optically pumped by radiation of a pumping wavelength, the amplifier comprising: an optical buffer layer formed on a substantially planar substrate; an optically-transmissive metal-oxide-based waveguide core formed on the buffer layer, the core comprising aluminium oxide and a gain medium; and an optical cladding layer formed over the core. Preferably, the composition of the core predominantly comprises aluminium oxide and the gain medium comprises erbium and/or ytterbium. The amplifier may form the gain region of a planar waveguide laser. The waveguide core is preferably formed by reactive DC sputtering deposition. The invention has the advantage of allowing higher erbium doping concentrations than is possible for silica-based amplifiers.

LASER OSCILLATION DEVICE

A laser oscillation device capable of laser-oscillating at high efficiency. The laser oscillation device (1) comprises a cholesteric liquid crystal layer (2) containing a cholesteric liquid crystal, another cholesteric liquid crystal layer (3) opposed to the cholesteric liquid crystal layer (2) and containing a cholesteric liquid crystal, and a defect layer (4) interposed between the cholesteric liquid crystal layers (2, 3) and containing a dye (5) capable o f emitting fluorescence when exited by light. The selective refection wavelength region of the cholesteric liquid crystal overlaps with the emission region of the fluorescence emitted from the dye (5). The direction of the twist of the cholesteric liquid crystal contained in the cholesteric liquid crystal layer (2) agrees with that of the cholesteric liquid crystal contained in the cholesteric liquid crystal layer (3). The transition moments of the dye (5) are aligned parallel to the surfaces of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer ...

SLAB LASER RESONATORS

A slab laser resonator which discriminates in favour of a single mode operation of a waveguide slab laser and which may be applied to slab waveguide lasers of the gas discharge, solid state material, semiconductor material or liquid dye types. The slab laser resonator includes a periodic, one-dimensional spatial loss modulator (4) positioned between the waveguide slab (1) and one or both of the cavity mirror reflectors (2, 3), or alternatively along the slab face, such that the spatial loss modulator is periodic across the width of the slab. The periodicity of the spatial loss modulator (4) is determined by the slab optical thickness, which also effects the choice of the optical length of the slab, which is determined by the requirement that the spatial loss modulation be coherently self-imaged one or more times per round trip of the laser cavity. The major distinguishing feature of this approach is that, because of the low loss propagation within the waveguide slab (1), overall cavity ...

Power scalable optical systems for generating, transporting, and delivering high power, high quality, laser beams

Power scalable, rectangular, multi-mode, self-imaging, waveguide technologies are used with various combination of large aperture configurations, 20, 50, 80, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, 332, 334, 336, 338, Gaussian 360 and super-Gaussian 350 beam profiles, thermal management configurations 100, flared 240 and tapered 161 waveguide shapes, axial or zig-zag light propagation paths, diffractive wall couplers 304, 306, 308, 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320 and phase controller 200, flexibility 210, phased arrays 450, 490, beam combiners 530, 530′, and separators 344, 430, and other features to generate, transport, and deliver high power laser beams.

THIN FILM RING LASERS

CR4+DOPED MIXED ALLOY LASER MATERIALS AND LASERS AND METHODS USING THE MATERIALS

A laser medium includes a single crystal of Cr⁴⁺:Mg_2-xM_xSi_1-yA_yO₄, where, where M is a bivalent ion having an ionic radius larger than Mg²⁺, and A is a tetravalent ion having an ionic radius larger than Si⁴⁺. In addition, either a) 0<=x<2 and 02+ and x=1 then y is not 0. The laser medium can be used in a laser device, such as a tunable near infrared (NIR) laser.

QUANTUM DEVICES COMPRISING LANTHANIDE COMPLEXES

A quantum device for interfacing Lanthanide ions with optical fields or microwave fields or both. The device includes waveguides or resonators or both for optical fields or microwave fields or for both. The device includes at least one surface to which a single customized Lanthanide molecular complex, or an ensemble, layer, multilayer or crystal of such, are attached or bonded. This places the Lanthanide ions within the optical or microwave fields or both. The ability to customize the molecular structure around each Lanthanide ion, and to control their orientation and position and nano-environment in general, enables minimizing the host lattice effects and non-radiative loss channels for each ion, and increasing their homogeneity. Accordingly, the advantages of the present invention include reduced inhomogeneities, narrower linewidths, extended fluorescence and coherence times, and higher operation temperatures. Devices which benefit from the present invention include lasers, amplifiers ...

Optically pumped mini-laser resonator, method of its fabrication and laser utilizing this resonator

Optically pumped mini-laser resonator, its method of fabrication and laser utilising this resonator. The mini resonator includes a parallelepipedal and electrically insulating solid emitter (1b) provided with two polished parallel lateral faces (6, 8), with a monocrystalline substrate (2) and with several monocrystalline layers epitaxially formed on the substrate and exhibiting, in directions parallel to the said faces, a hardness equal to that of the substrate, one of the layers constituting a guide layer (4) able to guide the light emitted by the emitter and the pumping light and another layer (12) constituting a non-guiding protective layer, the protective layer and the substrate constituting two opposite faces of the emitter perpendicular to the lateral faces, laser activator ions being contained in the substrate and/or in one of the layers. In the case of an internal resonator, semi-reflecting mirrors (9, 10) are arranged on the lateral faces of the emitter. ...

ВОЛОКОННЫЙ УСИЛИТЕЛЬ НА ОСНОВЕ НЕОДНОРОДНОГО ПО ДЛИНЕ АКТИВНОГО СВЕТОВОДА ДЛЯ УСИЛЕНИЯ И ВРЕМЕННОГО СЖАТИЯ ЧАСТОТНО-МОДУЛИРОВАННЫХ ИМПУЛЬСОВ ПИКО- И ФЕМТОСЕКУНДНОЙ ДЛИТЕЛЬНОСТИ

Полезная модель относится к области оптики, в частности к лазерной технике генерации субпикосекундных и фемтосекундных импульсов. Оптическое устройство для компрессии и усиления ультракоротких лазерных импульсов, включающее элемент для сообщения входящему импульсу частотной модуляции (чирпа), последовательно соединенное с ним усиливающее (активное) оптическое волокно с аномальной дисперсией групповых скоростей, керровской нелинейностью для нелинейного самосжатия и модуляции импульса и усилением, а также подключенный к выходу оптического волокна элемент для погашения частотной модуляции и компрессии. При этом значение модуля аномальной дисперсии групповых скоростей в оптическом волокне сложным образом зависит от длины волокна, значения его усиления и скорости фазовой модуляции вводимого импульса, что позволяет добиться устойчивого распространения, уменьшения длительности и усиления частотно-модулированных ультракоротких лазерных импульсов в оптическом волокне до значительно более высоких ...

ОПТИЧЕСКИЙ УСИЛИТЕЛЬ С НАКАЧКОЙ НА МНОЖЕСТВЕННЫХ ДЛИНАХ ВОЛН

... 1. Оптический усилитель, содержащий подложку, оптический мультиплексор, встроенный в подложку, источники света накачки с множественными длинами волн, связанные с оптическим мультиплексором, и усиливающий волновод, связанный с оптическим мультиплексором. 2. Оптический усилитель по п.1, в котором усиливающий волновод является легированным редкоземельным элементом. 3. Оптический усилитель по п.1, в котором источники света накачки содержат множество лазерных диодов. 4. Оптический усилитель по п.3, в котором множество лазерных диодов представляет собой лазеры с вертикальным резонатором, излучающим с поверхности, имеющие мощность приблизительно 20 мВт или менее. 5. Оптический усилитель по п.1, в котором оптический мультиплексор представляет собой матрицу волноводных решеток. 6. Оптический усилитель по п.1, в котором оптический мультиплексор представляет собой эшелле. 7. Оптический усилитель по п.1, который дополнительно содержит волновод сигнала встроен в подложку и связан с усиливающим волноводом ...

Optische Verstärker.

Optische Verzögerungsvorrichtung und entsprechendes Verfahren

Optical waveguide with multiple core layers and method of fabrication thereof

Optical coupler

PCT No. PCT/SE85/00462 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 27, 1986 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 27, 1986 PCT Filed Nov. 18, 1985 PCT Pub. No. WO86/03306 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 5, 1986.An optical directional coupler with amplification having first, second and third waveguides respectively intended for incoming light for bar coupling of light from the first waveguide and for cross coupling of light from the first waveguide. The waveguides are transparent to the wave length of the incoming light and have a characteristic refractive index in the coupling area. The coupler also includes waveguide sections constituting coupling elements for the first, second and third waveguides as well as electrodes. An arrangement is provided for achieving optical amplification of light passing through the first and the second waveguide in the bar coupling state of the directional coupler and amplification of the light passing through the first and the third waveguides in the cross coupling state of the directional coupler by feeding ...

Tunable multispectral laser source

Optical amplifiers

A laser

WAVELENGTH CONVERTER MECHANISM.

TRANSVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE LASER LIGHT SOURCE SUITABLY FOR USE IN PROJECTION ANNOUNCEMENTS

PROCEDURE FOR OPTIMIZING THE CONTENT AT RARE GROUND CONNECTION FOR TRANSVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE LASERS AND - AMPLIFIERS

SEMICONDUCTOR NANO-CRYSTAL COMPOUND MATERIAL

Optical amplifier with gain flattening filter

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE AMPLIFIERS

Transverse closed-loop resonator

Optical waveguide with dissimilar core and cladding materials, and light emitting device employing the same

WAVEGUIDE LASERS

Optical structures and method for producing tunable waveguide lasers (202). In one embodiment, a waveguide is defined within a glass substrate doped with a rare-earth element or elements by ion diffusion. Feedback elements such as mirrors (240) or reflection gratings (230) in the waveguide further define a laser-resonator cavity so that laser light is output from the waveguide when pumped optically or otherwise. Means are disclosed for varying the wavelengths reflected by the reflection gratings and varying the effective length of the resonator cavity to thereby tune the laser to a selected wavelength. Apparatus and method for integrating rare-earth doped lasers and optics on glass substrates. The invention includes a laser component formed from a glass substrate doped with an optically active lanthanides species with a plurality of waveguides defined by channels within the substrate. The laser component may constitute a monolithic array of individual waveguides in which the waveguides ...

SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTAL COMPOSITE

A composite including a plurality of semiconductor nanocrystals distributed in a metal oxide matrix can be used as an optical amplifier, a waveguide or a laser.

Titanium-doped amorphous aluminum nitride microlaser device and method for making and using same

A microlaser system, including a microlaser, having an elongated generally cylindrical substrate, a thin dopant film encircling at least a portion of the substrate, and a pumping laser positioned to shine onto the thin film. The thin film is between about 2 and about 10 microns thick. When the pumping laser shines on the thin film, the thin film lases in whispering gallery mode. The dopant is preferably selected from the group including transition metals and rare-earth elements. In a most preferred embodiment, the thin film is titanium-doped amorphous aluminum nitride.

Mode control waveguide-type laser device

In a laser device, a control range of focal distance of a generated thermal lens is broadened and reliability is improved. A mode control waveguide-type laser device includes: a planar laser medium having a waveguide structure in a thickness direction of a cross section perpendicular to an optical axis, for generating gain with respect to laser light; a cladding bonded onto the laser medium; and a heat sink bonded onto the laser medium. The laser medium generates a lens effect, and the laser light oscillates in a waveguide mode in the thickness direction, and oscillates in a spatial mode due to the lens effect in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis and the thickness direction. The refractive index distribution within the laser medium is created by generating a temperature distribution in the laser medium depending on a junction area of the cladding and the heat sink.

Directly-coupled wavelength-tunable external cavity laser

Disclosed is a directly-coupled wavelength-tunable external cavity laser including a gain medium that generates an optical signal by an applied bias current; an optical waveguide structure that is coupled to the gain medium to form a minor surface and causes lasing in the mirror surface when the applied bias current has a threshold or higher; and a radio frequency transmission medium that adds a radio frequency signal to the applied bias current to adjust an operating speed of the optical signal.

Nanoparticle waveguide apparatus, system and method

A nanoparticle waveguide apparatus, a nanoparticle waveguide photonic system and a method of photonic transmission employ a nearfield-coupled nanoparticle (NCN) waveguide to cooperatively propagate an optical signal. The nanoparticle waveguide apparatus includes a first optical waveguide adjacent to a second optical waveguide, the first optical waveguide comprising an NCN waveguide having a plurality of nanoparticles. The nanoparticle waveguide photonic system further includes a nearfield coupling (NC) modulator. The method includes providing the NCN waveguides and modulating a coupling between one or both of first and second NCN waveguides and adjacent nanoparticles within one or both of the first and second NCN waveguides.

METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR ENGINEERING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

laser devices described may emit a beam of electromagnetic radiation having a large wavelength (e.g., mid-infrared, far-infrared) and exhibiting a low angle of divergence. In some embodiments, the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation is between microns and microns and the divergence angel is less than degrees. Electromagnetic waves may be produced from a single monolithic laser device which includes a laser waveguide (e.g., quantum cascade laser waveguide) and a collimating element having at least one indented region (e.g., a plurality of periodically disposed grooved structures). A portion of the electromagnetic radiation may propagate as surface waves (e.g., surface plasmons) along the surface of the collimating element where indented regions in the collimating element may decrease the propagation velocity of the surface waves. A portion of the electromagnetic radiation may also be substantially convinced within a grooved structure of the collimating element (e.g., as channel polaritons). 1. A laser device , comprising:a substrate;a laser waveguide disposed on the substrate and configured to emit electromagnetic radiation; anda collimating element disposed adjacent to the laser waveguide and having at least one indented region.2. The laser device of claim 1 , wherein the laser waveguide comprises a quantum cascade laser.3. (Canceled4. The laser device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one indented region of the collimating element comprises at least one grooved structure.5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. The laser device of claim 4 , wherein the at least one grooved structure is oriented in a longitudinal direction that is parallel to a plane of the laser waveguide.8. The laser device of claim 7 , wherein the longitudinal direction of the at least one grooved structure is parallel to a longitudinal direction of an end facet of the laser waveguide.9. The laser device of claim 4 , wherein the at least one grooved structure is substantially straight.10. The laser ...

Device for deflecting laser radiation, and laser device having such a device

A device for deflecting laser radiation () with a waveguide () having an entrance face () and an exit face () spaced apart from each other in the Z-direction by a spacing (L), wherein the waveguide () has a greater extent in the X-direction than in the Y-direction, and at least two electrodes () arranged on the waveguide (), wherein a deflection voltage (+V, −V) is applied to the at least two electrodes (), so that the laser radiation is electro-optically deflected in the waveguide () with respect to the X-direction, wherein the spacing (L) between entrance face () and exit face () has a dimension so that the profile of the laser radiation after exiting the exit face () corresponds to the profile of the laser radiation prior to entering the entrance face (). The spacing (L) may correspond to the Talbot length of the laser radiation. 110-. (canceled)118. A device for deflecting laser radiation () , comprising{'b': 1', '10', '6', '7', '8', '6', '7', '1', '10, 'at least one waveguide (, ) with an entrance face () and an exit face () for the laser radiation (), wherein the entrance face () and the exit face () have a spacing (L) relative to one another in a first direction (Z), wherein the waveguide (, ) has a greater extent in a second direction perpendicular to the first vertical direction (X) than in a third direction perpendicular to the first and to the second vertical direction (Y);'}{'b': 3', '4', '5', '1', '10', '3', '4', '5', '8', '1', '10', '1', '10, 'at least two electrodes (, , ) which are arranged on or proximate to the at least one waveguide (, ), wherein a deflection voltage (+V, −V) can be applied the at least two electrodes (, , ), so that the laser radiation () in the at least one waveguide (, ) and/or when exiting from the at least one waveguide (, ) is electro-optically deflected in relation to at least the second direction (X),'}{'b': 6', '7', '1', '10', '8', '7', '8', '6, 'wherein the spacing (L) between the entrance face () and the exit ace () of ...

LASER WITH A TAILORED AXIALLY SYMMETRIC PUMP BEAM PROFILE BY MODE CONVERSION A WAVEGUIDE

A laser device comprising a pump source () operable to generate a pump beam () for a resonant cavity in which a laser medium () is arranged. A beam-shaping waveguide element () is arranged between the pump source and the resonant cavity. Shaping of the pump beam is achieved by tailoring the refractive index profile of the waveguide element () so that it yields an intensity distribution which spatially overlaps a desired ring-shaped Laguerre-Gaussian mode of the resonant cavity sufficiently well to achieve laser oscillation on said desired Laguerre-Gaussian mode. A ring-shaped or doughnut-shaped laser beam profile can thus be generated. It is further possible to design the refractive index profile () so that the pump beam's intensity distribution also spatially overlaps the fundamental mode of the resonant cavity sufficiently well to achieve laser oscillation also on said fundamental mode. The laser will then lase on both the fundamental mode and the selected Laguerre-Gaussian mode. This is useful for producing a variety of beam profiles based on mixing a Gaussian profile with a ring-shaped profile. A top-hat beam profile can be achieved by such mixing. 1. A laser device comprising:a pump source operable to generate a pump beam;a waveguiding element having a first end arranged to receive the pump beam and a second end to output the pump beam after traversing the waveguiding element; anda resonant cavity in which a laser medium is arranged to receive the pump beam output from the waveguiding element and which is operable to output a laser beam,characterised in thatthe waveguding element has a refractive index profile designed to re-shape the pump beam so that the pump beam output from the waveguiding element has an intensity distribution which spatially overlaps a desired ring-shaped Laguerre-Gaussian mode of the resonant cavity sufficiently well to achieve laser oscillation on said desired Laguerre-Gaussian mode.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the waveguiding ...

High-q optical resonator with monolithically integrated waveguide

A ring optical resonator is formed on a substrate. An outer circumferential surface of the resonator substantially confines one or more circumferential resonant optical modes. The resonator is positioned above a void formed in the substrate and is supported above the void by a portion of a material layer on the substrate that extends radially inward above the void from an outer circumferential edge of the void to the outer circumferential surface of the resonator. An optical waveguide can be integrally formed on the substrate and traverses a portion of the material layer above the void. The optical waveguide and the ring optical resonator are arranged and positioned so as to establish evanescent optical coupling between them. Q-factors of 10 8 or more have been achieved with a silica resonator and silicon nitride waveguide integrally formed on a silicon substrate.

LASER CHIP WITH MULTIPLE OUTPUTS ON COMMON SIDE

A laser chip including a laser cavity that produces multiple laser outputs. A laser waveguide guides light through the laser cavity and has multiple output facets. Each of the laser outputs passes through one of the output facets. The laser waveguide guides the laser outputs such that the angle between the exit direction of different laser outputs is less than 180°. The exit direction for a laser output is the direction of propagation of light in the laser waveguide at one of the output facets. 1. An optical system , comprising: a laser waveguide guiding light through the laser cavity having multiple output facets, each of the laser outputs passing through one of the output facets,', 'the laser waveguide guiding the laser outputs such that an angle between an exit direction for different laser outputs is less than 180°, the exit direction for a laser output being a direction of propagation of light in the laser waveguide at one of the output facets; and', 'a planar optical device that receives the laser outputs from the laser chip without returning the laser outputs to the laser cavity., 'a laser chip including a laser cavity that produces laser outputs,'}2. (canceled)3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the optical device is constructed on a silicon-on-insulator wafer.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the angle between the exit directions is less than 90°.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the angle between the exit directions is less than 10°.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the laser chip includes lateral sides between a top side and a bottom side and at least two of the laser outputs cross the same lateral side.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the laser chip includes lateral sides between a top side and a bottom side and the laser chip includes an anti-reflective coating on only one of the lateral sides.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein a medium through which the laser waveguide guides the light has a chemical composition that is constant along the length of ...

AN OPTICAL PLURAL-COMB GENERATOR, A METHOD OF GENERATING AN OPTICAL PLURAL COMB, AND A PLURALITY OF MODE LOCKED LASERS THAT ARE MECHANICALLY COUPLED AND OPTICALLY INDEPENDENT

An optical plural-comb generator comprising a plurality of mode-locked lasers that are mechanically coupled and optically independent. The optical plural-comb generator comprises an optical combiner optically coupled to an output of each of the plurality of mode-locked lasers for combining a plurality of optical combs when generated by the plurality of mode-locked lasers. 1. An optical plural-comb generator comprising:a plurality of mode-locked lasers that are mechanically coupled and optically independent; andan optical combiner optically coupled to an output of each of the plurality of mode-locked lasers for combining a plurality of optical combs when generated by the plurality of mode-locked lasers.2. An optical plural-comb generator defined by wherein the plurality of mode-locked lasers are cooperatively configured for externally generated mechanical perturbations to be synchronous for the plurality of mode-locked laser.3. An optical plural-comb generator defined by claim 1 , wherein the plurality of mode-locked lasers are cooperatively arranged for externally generated vibrations to be synchronous for the plurality of mode-locked lasers.4. An optical plural-comb generator defined by claim 1 , wherein the plurality of mode-locked lasers are cooperatively arranged such that the length of an optical resonator of each of the plurality of mode-locked lasers change at the same time and by the same amount in response to an externally generated vibration.5. An optical plural-comb generator defined by claim 1 , configured to eschew coupling of the optical comb from one the plurality of mode locked lasers to another of one of the plurality of mode locked lasers.6. An optical plural-comb generator defined by claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of mode-locked lasers comprise a waveguide formed in a piece of solid-state laser gain material common to the plurality of mode-locked lasers.7. An optical plural-comb generator defined by wherein the effective length of an ...

UNIDIRECTIONAL RING LASERS

A laser includes an active ring, a passive waveguide, and a reflector. The active ring is to generate light. The passive waveguide is associated with the active ring to capture generated light. The reflector is associated with the passive waveguide to cause captured light from the waveguide to be coupled into the active ring to trigger domination of unidirectional lasing in the active ring to generate light. 1. A laser comprising:an active ring to generate light;a passive waveguide associated with the active ring to capture generated light; anda reflector associated with the passive waveguide to cause captured light from the waveguide to be coupled into the active ring to trigger domination of unidirectional lasing in the active ring to generate light.2. The laser of claim 1 , wherein the passive waveguide includes a coupling point claim 1 , at a distance d from the reflector claim 1 , associated with a phase condition based on d and laser wavelength claim 1 , to provide constructive interference having high intensity over a large optical bandwidth.3. The laser of claim 1 , wherein the passive waveguide includes a main waveguide and a side waveguide claim 1 , wherein the reflector is associated with the side waveguide and the side waveguide includes a side coupling point at a distance d from the reflector claim 1 , associated with a phase condition based on d and laser wavelength claim 1 , to provide constructive interference having high intensity over a large optical bandwidth.4. The laser of claim 3 , wherein the side waveguide is coupled to the main waveguide via a combiner.5. The laser of claim 1 , wherein the active ring includes a gain medium responsive to an external energy pump to generate light.6. The laser of claim 1 , wherein the reflector includes a vertical smooth waveguide facet having a high-reflection coating.7. The laser of claim 1 , wherein the reflector includes a teardrop shaped waveguide reflector.8. The laser of claim 1 , wherein the reflector ...

HIGH-GAIN SINGLE PLANAR WAVEGUIDE (PWG) AMPLIFIER LASER SYSTEM

A system includes a master oscillator configured to generate a low-power optical beam. The system also includes a planar waveguide (PWG) amplifier configured to receive the low-power optical beam and generate a high-power optical beam having a power of at least about ten kilowatts. The PWG amplifier includes a single laser gain medium configured to generate the high-power optical beam. The single laser gain medium can reside within a single amplifier beamline of the system. The master oscillator and the PWG amplifier can be coupled to an optical bench assembly, and the optical bench assembly can include optics configured to route the low-power optical beam to the PWG amplifier and to route the high-power optical beam from the PWG amplifier. The PWG amplifier could include a cartridge that contains the single laser gain medium and a pumphead housing that retains the cartridge. 1. A method comprising:generating a low-power optical beam using a master oscillator; andamplifying the low-power optical beam to generate a high-power optical beam using a planar waveguide (PWG) amplifier;wherein the high-power optical beam has a power of at least about ten kilowatts and is generated using a single laser gain medium in the PWG amplifier.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the single laser gain medium lies within a single amplifier beamline of a laser system.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the master oscillator and the PWG amplifier are coupled to an optical bench assembly claim 1 , the optical bench assembly further comprising optics configured to route the low-power optical beam to the PWG amplifier and to route the high-power optical beam from the PWG amplifier.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the PWG amplifier comprises (i) a cartridge that contains the single laser gain medium and (ii) a pumphead housing that retains the cartridge; andthe pumphead housing is coupled to input and output optics assemblies in order to maintain optical alignment.5. The method of claim 1 , ...

Reduction of Mode Hopping in a Laser Cavity

The laser cavity is positioned on a substrate and includes a cavity waveguide guiding a laser light signal between a gain medium and a partial return device. The partial return device receives the laser light signal from the cavity waveguide and returns a first portion of the laser light signal to the cavity waveguide. The partial return device transmits a second portion of the laser light signal to an output waveguide. The partial return device reflects different wavelengths of the laser light signal at different intensities. Additionally, the partial return device is configured such that when the most intense wavelength of the laser light signal reflected by the partial return device is the same as a wavelength of one of modes of the laser light signal, the mode with the next longest wavelength and the mode with the next shortest wavelength are each reflected by the partial return device at an intensity greater than 80% of the intensity of the most intensely reflected wavelength. 1. An optical device , comprising: the partial return device reflecting different wavelengths of the laser light signal at different intensities, the reflected intensity of a particular wavelength being the percentage of the incident light at the particular wavelength that is reflected by the partial return device,', 'the partial return device configured to have a reflection profile that is sufficiently broad that when the most intense wavelength reflected by the partial return device is the same as a wavelength of one of one of several different modes of the laser light signal, the mode with the next longest wavelength and the mode with the next shortest wavelength are each reflected by the partial return device at an intensity greater than 40% of the intensity of the most intensely reflected wavelength., 'the partial return device positioned to receive a laser light signal from the gain medium configured to return a first portion of the laser light signal to the gain medium and to ...

SOLID-STATE OPTICAL AMPLIFIER CHIP WITH IMPROVED OPTICAL PUMPING

A solid-state optical amplifier chip is described, with improved pumping, in which pump light from one or more solid-state light sources is coupled efficiently into the doped areas of the chip, resulting in amplification of an optical signal. The optical signal is carried in the core of an optical waveguide. Rare-earth elements are used as dopants, primarily in the cladding of the optical signal's waveguide core, in order to provide amplification of the optical signal through stimulated emission. A variety of waveguide structures are described for routing and distributing the pump light to the doped areas of the chip. 1. An optical amplifier structure , comprising:a substrate;an undoped optical signal core formed on the substrate providing an optical path from an optical signal input port to an optical signal output port;one or more claddings formed on the substrate, at least one of the claddings doped with one or more dopant elements or materials that emit light within a first wavelength range when illuminated with pump light of a wavelength that is shorter than that of the first wavelength range, the undoped optical signal core located in or in proximity to the doped cladding, and the claddings having indices of refraction that are lower than an index of refraction of the undoped optical signal core;a secondary waveguide structure formed in or in proximity to the doped cladding and in proximity to the undoped optical signal core, configured to confine pump light injected thereinto within the secondary waveguide structure; andone or more injection ports configured for placement of a corresponding one or more pump light sources to inject pump light into to the secondary waveguide structure.2. The optical amplifier structure of claim 1 , wherein the undoped optical signal core is a waveguide at least partially embedded in the doped cladding.3. The optical amplifier structure of claim 1 , wherein the undoped optical signal core is a waveguide outside of claim 1 , but ...

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a semiconductor laser part formed on the substrate and having an active layer with an uniform composition and a first ridge structure, and an adjacent part formed on the substrate, having a core layer with an uniform composition and a second ridge structure, and being an optical modulator or an optical waveguide which is in contact with the semiconductor laser part, wherein the first ridge structure is largest in width at a first contact part which is in contact with the second ridge structure, and the second ridge structure is largest in width at a second contact part which is in contact with the first ridge structure. 15-. (canceled)6. A semiconductor device comprising:a substrate;a semiconductor laser part formed on the substrate and having an active layer with an uniform composition and a first ridge structure; andan adjacent part formed on the substrate, having a core layer with an uniform composition and a second ridge structure, and being an optical modulator or an optical waveguide which is in contact with the semiconductor laser part, whereinthe first ridge structure is largest in width at a first contact part which is in contact with the second ridge structure, and the second ridge structure is largest in width at a second contact part which is in contact with the first ridge structure, andconductivity types of the first ridge structure and the second ridge structure are a first conductivity type at end parts of the first contact part and the second contact part, and a second conductivity type in other parts thereof.7. The semiconductor device according to claim 6 , wherein widths of parts claim 6 , of the first ridge structure and the second ridge structure claim 6 , having the second conductivity type are constant.8. The semiconductor device according to claim 6 , wherein the first conductivity type is an n-type claim 6 , the second conductivity type is a p-type claim 6 , and a density of n-type semiconductor ...

VARIABLE OPTICAL ATTENUATOR ASSISTED CONTROL OF OPTICAL DEVICES

Variable optical attenuator assisted control of optical devices is provided. A device comprises: an uncooled laser and ring resonator modulator, an optical waveguide configured convey an optical signal of the laser from an input to an output, a heater that heats the ring resonator modulator, a variable optical attenuator that attenuates the optical signal on the optical waveguide, one or more power monitors and a controller. The controller is configured to: in response to determining that one or more of: heater power overhead is unavailable to reduce heater power for laser wavelength tracking; and the heater power is at or below a given lower heater power; and determining that that laser current is increased to assist with ring resonator modulator control for the laser wavelength tracking: control, using the one or more power monitors, attenuation of the VOA to control the output power into a target output power range. 1. A device comprising:a laser configured to produce an optical signal;an optical waveguide configured to: receive the optical signal at an input; and convey the optical signal to an output;a ring resonator modulator configured to modulate the optical signal on the optical waveguide, wherein the laser and the ring resonator modulator are uncooled;a heater configured to heat the ring resonator modulator;a variable optical attenuator (VOA) configured to attenuate the optical signal on the optical waveguide;one or more power monitors configured to monitor: modulation of the optical signal on the optical waveguide; and output power of the optical signal;anda controller configured to: determining that one or more of: heater power overhead is unavailable to reduce heater power for laser wavelength tracking; and the heater power is at or below a given lower heater power; and', 'control, using the one or more power monitors, attenuation of the VOA to control the output power into a target output power range.', 'determining that laser current is increased to ...

Laser oscillator

In a laser oscillator, a pair of electrodes is disposed in a housing into which a gas is sealed, a waveguide is formed by the pair of electrodes, and a laser beam is configured to be extracted from an end of the housing. The laser oscillator includes a mirror holder attached to an end of the electrode, the end serving as an end of the waveguide, and a reflection mirror attached to the mirror holder and reflecting a laser beam generated in the waveguide. In the laser oscillator, a passage through which a cooling medium is passed is formed inside each of the pair of electrodes.

Fast axis thermal lens compensation for a planar amplifier structure

Systems and methods described herein provide a thermally compensated waveguide structure having a thermal index profile configured to correct thermal aberrations caused by temperature gradients in a fast axis direction and/or correct other forms of distortions in an output beam generated by the waveguide structure. The waveguide structure includes a core region, one or more cladding, and one or more heat sinks. A geometry of these portions with respect to each other can provide a cold refractive index profile such that a cold refractive index value of a portion of the core region is less than a cold refractive index value of at least one of the one or more cladding regions. Responsive to thermal compensation, the cold refractive index profile is modified, through addition of a thermal index profile, to form a hot index profile having attributes including good overlap of the fundamental mode with the gain profile and mode clean-up through gain discrimination against higher order modes.

LASER WITH A GAIN MEDIUM LAYER DOPED WITH A RARE EARTH METAL WITH UPPER AND LOWER LIGHT-CONFINING FEATURES

One illustrative laser disclosed herein includes a gain medium layer having a first width in a transverse direction that is orthogonal to a laser emitting direction of the laser, and an upper light-confining structure positioned above an upper surface of the gain medium layer, wherein the upper light-confining structure has a second width in the transverse direction that is equal to or less than the first width and comprises at least one material having an index of refraction that is at least 2.0. The laser also includes a lower light-confining structure positioned below a lower surface of the gain medium layer, wherein the lower light-confining structure has a third width in the transverse direction that is equal to or less than the first width and comprises at least one material having an index of refraction that is at least 2.0. 1. A laser having a laser emitting direction and a transverse direction that is orthogonal to the laser emitting direction , the laser comprising:a gain medium layer having an upper surface, a lower surface and a first width in the transverse direction;an upper light-confining structure positioned above the upper surface of the gain medium layer, the upper light-confining structure having a second width in the transverse direction that is equal to or less than the first width, wherein the upper light-confining structure comprises at least one material having an index of refraction that is at least 2.0; anda lower light-confining structure positioned below the lower surface of the gain medium layer, the lower light-confining structure having a third width in the transverse direction that is equal to or less than the first width, wherein the lower light-confining structure comprises at least one material having an index of refraction that is at least 2.0.2. The laser of claim 1 , wherein the second width is substantially equal to the third width.3. The laser of claim 1 , wherein a lower surface of the upper light-confining structure is ...

End pumped pwg with tapered core thickness

A planar wave guide (PWG) having a first end for coupling to a light pump and a second end opposite to the first end and including a first cladding layer; a second cladding layer; and a uniformly doped core layer between the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer, wherein the core layer is tapered having a smaller thickness at the first end and a larger thickness at the second end, and wherein a ratio of the core thickness to thickness of the cladding layers is smaller at the first end and larger at the second end.

ASYMMETRIC PWG WITH ASYMMETRIC COOLING

A planar waveguide (PWG) having a first end for coupling to a light pump and a second end opposite to the first end and including: a first cladding layer; a uniformly doped core layer having the first cladding layer on one side, wherein the core layer is tapered having a smaller thickness at the first end and a larger thickness at the second end; and a second cladding layer thinner than the first cladding layer, coated on another side of the core layer opposite to said one side of the core layer. The first cladding layer may also be tapered along the length of the PWG having a larger thickness at the first end and a smaller thickness at the second end with a taper angle substantially opposite that of the core layer to form the PWG with a substantially uniform overall thickness along the length. 1. A planar wave guide (PWG) having a first end for coupling to a light pump and a second end opposite to the first end comprising:a first cladding layer;a uniformly doped core layer having the first cladding layer on one side, wherein the core layer is tapered having a smaller thickness at the first end and a larger thickness at the second end; anda second cladding layer thinner than the first cladding layer, coated on another side of the core layer opposite to said one side of the core layer.2. The PWG of claim 1 , wherein the first cladding layer is tapered along the length of the PWG having a larger thickness at the first end and a smaller thickness at the second end with a taper angle substantially opposite that of the core layer to form the PWG with a substantially uniform overall thickness along the length.3. The PWG of claim 1 , wherein the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer each have a constant thickness along the length of the PWG to form the PWG with a varying overall thickness along the length with an overall taper angle substantially the same as a tapper angle of the core layer.4. The PWG of claim 1 , wherein the second cladding layer is coated ...

Distributed reflector laser

A distributed reflector (DR) laser may include a distributed feedback (DFB) region and a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). The DFB region may have a length in a range from 30 micrometers (μm) to 100 μm and may include a DFB grating with a first kappa in a range from 100 cm−1 to 150 cm−1. The DBR region may be coupled end to end with the DFB region and may have a length in a range from 30-300 μm. The DBR region may include a DBR grating with a second kappa in a range from 150 cm−1 to 200 cm−1. The DR laser may additionally include a lasing mode and a p-p resonance frequency. The lasing mode may be at a long wavelength side of a peak of a DBR reflection profile of the DBR region. The p-p resonance frequency may be less than or equal to 70 GHz.

OPTICAL DEVICE

An object is to provide an optical device capable of relaxing a manufacturing condition for an optical waveguide used in the optical device. An optical device is provided with an optical waveguide including a core and a cladding optically joined together, and a temperature controller that controls temperature of the optical waveguide, wherein the optical waveguide includes the core and the cladding formed such that a normalized frequency specified for light propagating through the optical waveguide changes across a cutoff frequency of a guided mode determined from a structure of the optical waveguide in a temperature range in which a refractive index of the core is higher than a refractive index of the clad. The temperature controller controls the temperature of the optical waveguide over a temperature range across temperature at which the normalized frequency equals to the cutoff frequency. 1. An optical device comprising: an optical waveguide including a core and a cladding which are optically joined together; and a temperature controller to control temperature of the optical waveguide ,the optical waveguide including the core and the cladding formed in which a normalized frequency specified for light propagating through the optical waveguide changes across a cutoff frequency of a guided mode determined from a structure of the optical waveguide in a first temperature range in which a refractive index of the core is higher than a refractive index of the cladding, andthe temperature controller controlling the temperature of the optical waveguide over a second temperature range across a temperature at which the normalized frequency equals to the cutoff frequency.2. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the refractive indices of the core and the cladding have a relationship to decrease a difference between a square of the refractive index of the core and a square of the refractive index of the cladding with an increase or a decrease in the temperature of ...

Semiconductor laser apparatus

According to the present invention, in a time wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (TWDM-PON) such as the next generation passive optical network 2 (NG-PON2) requiring a burst mode operation, in a process of manufacturing a semiconductor laser requiring selection of a very narrow wavelength, two laser waveguides having different oscillation wavelengths are formed in one laser diode chip, thereby making it possible to improve a wavelength yield of the chip. In addition, when any one laser waveguide participates in communication, a current applied to a waveguide laser that does not participate in the communication is modulated and applied to the waveguide laser, with respect to a wavelength change generated by a change in a current applied to a burst mode operation waveguide laser participating in the communication, to stabilize a wavelength of laser light oscillated from the laser waveguide participating in the communication, thereby enabling burst mode communication at a dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) level.

Tunable Laser

A wavelength tunable laser includes a filter region having a wavelength selection function on light from a gain region, wherein the filter region is a Sagnac interferometer and includes two ring resonators. The ring resonator has two optical couplers, and first and second curved waveguides connecting the two optical couplers, each of the two optical couplers is configured to receive input of the light from the gain region through an input-output port, to couple light of a resonant peak to a bar port of the input-output port, and to couple light except light at a resonant peak wavelength to a cross port of the input-output port, and the first curved waveguide connects the bar ports of the input-output ports of the two optical couplers, and the second curved waveguide connects the cross ports of ports, of two optical couplers, that the first curved waveguide is connected to. 1. A wavelength tunable laser comprising a filter region having a wavelength selection function on light from a gain region , whereinthe filter region is a Sagnac interferometer that functions as a loop mirror, and includes two ring resonators,the ring resonator has two optical couplers, and first and second curved waveguides connecting the two optical couplers,each of the two optical couplers is configured to receive input of the light from the gain region through an input-output port, to split the light into light of a resonant peak and light except light at a resonant peak wavelength, to couple the light of the resonant peak to a bar port of the input-output port, and to couple the light except the light at the resonant peak wavelength to a cross port of the input-output port, andthe first curved waveguide connects the bar ports of the input-output ports of the two optical couplers, and the second curved waveguide connects the cross ports of ports, of the two optical couplers, that the first curved waveguide is connected to.2. The wavelength tunable laser according to claim 1 , further ...

Tunable Laser

A wavelength tunable laser includes a filter region having a wavelength selection function on light from a gain region, wherein the filter region is a Sagnac interferometer and includes two ring resonators. The ring resonator has two optical couplers, and first and second curved waveguides connecting the two optical couplers, each of the two optical couplers is configured to receive input of the light from the gain region through an input-output port, to couple light of a resonant peak to a bar port of the input-output port, and to couple light except light at a resonant peak wavelength to a cross port of the input-output port, and each of radiation waveguides connected to the cross ports of the input-output ports of the two optical couplers has a structure that radiates the light except the light at the resonant peak wavelength to a front surface or a back surface of a substrate. 1. A wavelength tunable laser comprising a filter region having a wavelength selection function on light from a gain region , whereinthe filter region is a Sagnac interferometer that functions as a loop mirror, and includes two ring resonators,the ring resonator has two optical couplers, and first and second curved waveguides connecting the two optical couplers,each of the two optical couplers is configured to receive input of the light from the gain region through an input-output port, to split the light into light of a resonant peak and light except light at a resonant peak wavelength, to couple the light of the resonant peak to a bar port of the input-output port, and to couple the light except the light at the resonant peak wavelength to a cross port of the input-output port, andthe first curved waveguide connects the bar ports of the input-output ports of the two optical couplers, and the second curved waveguide connects the cross ports of ports, of the two optical couplers, that the first curved waveguide is connected to, the wavelength tunable laser comprisinginside a loop of the ...

Grating with plurality of layers

A hybrid grating comprises a first grating layer composed of a first solid-state material, and a second grating layer over the first grating layer and composed of a second solid-state material, the second solid state-material being different than the first solid-state material and having a monocrystalline structure.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MATCHING IMPEDANCE OF OPTICAL COMPONENTS USING A TAPERED TRANSMISSION LINE

A method and apparatus for matching different impedance of optical components and a package for optical communication using a tapered transmission line (or a taper) are provided. The taper may be configured to include a first section, a second section, and a third section, each of which corresponds to different components. By way of example, the first section of the taper may be configured to be allocated to a driver to a flex joint on a printed circuit board (PCB), the second section of the taper may be configured to be allocated to a flex circuit, and the third section of the taper may be configured to be allocated to a transistor outline (TO) and submount including a directly modulated laser (DML). The taper is configured to minimize an amount of impedance mismatch between the optical components and the package. 1. A method of matching impedance of a directly modulated laser (DML) using a taper , wherein the taper is configured to include a first section , a second section , and a third section , and wherein the first section of the taper is configured to be allocated to a driver to a flex joint on a printed circuit board (PCB) or a printed wire board (PWB) , the second section of the taper is configured to allocated to a flex circuit , and the third section of the taper is configured to be allocated to a package and submount including the DML.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the DML is enclosed in a package and wherein the package comprises a transistor outline (TO) claim 1 , a ceramic box claim 1 , a Consortium on board optics (COBO) claim 1 , or a chip on board (COB) package.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first section of the taper comprises first three segments claim 1 , the second section of the taper comprises second fifteen segments claim 1 , and the third section of the taper comprises third three segments.4. The method of claim 4 , wherein the first section of the taper and the third section of the taper are relatively short and an impedance ...

WAVELENGTH DISCRIMINATING SLAB LASER

A COlaser that generates laser-radiation in just one emission band of a COgas-mixture has resonator mirrors that form an unstable resonator and at least one spectrally-selective element located on the optical axis of the resonator. The spectrally-selective element may be in the form of one or more protruding or recessed surfaces. Spectral-selectivity is enhanced by forming a stable resonator along the optical axis that includes the spectrally-selective element. The COlaser is tunable between emission bands by translating the spectrally-selective element along the optical axis. 1. Laser apparatus , comprising:a gain-medium having a plurality of emission bands;first and second resonator mirrors, each resonator mirror having a reflective surface, the resonator mirrors arranged around the gain-medium to form an unstable laser-resonator, the unstable laser-resonator having an optical axis;wherein at least one of the resonator mirrors includes a spectrally-selective element, the spectrally-selective element occupying a less than 30% portion of the reflective surface of the at-least one resonator mirror, the spectrally-selective element located on the optical axis, the spectrally-selective element having a reflection loss of less than about 4% for a desired emission band and a reflection loss of greater than 10% for other emission bands; andwherein energizing the gain-medium produces laser-radiation from the unstable laser-resonator having higher power in the desired emission band than in the other emission bands.2. The laser of claim 1 , wherein the gain-medium is a gas mixture that includes carbon dioxide.3. The laser of claim 1 , wherein the gain-medium is a gas mixture that includes carbon monoxide.4. The laser of claim 1 , wherein the reflection loss for the other emission bands is greater than about 20%.5. The laser of claim 1 , wherein the spectrally-selective element occupies a less than 15% portion of the reflective surface of the at-least one resonator mirror.6. ...

Wavelength discriminating slab laser

A CO 2 laser that generates laser-radiation in just one emission band of a CO 2 gas-mixture has resonator mirrors that form an unstable resonator and at least one spectrally-selective element located on the optical axis of the resonator. The spectrally-selective element may be in the form of one or more protruding or recessed surfaces. Spectral-selectivity is enhanced by forming a stable resonator along the optical axis that includes the spectrally-selective element. The CO 2 laser is tunable between emission bands by translating the spectrally-selective element along the optical axis.

HETERODYNE STARRING ARRAY ACTIVE IMAGER

A heterodyne starring array active imager for producing an image. The imager comprises a light source intermittently illuminating a scene and an array of light collecting sites imaging the scene, each one comprising: a coupling component optically coupling scene light into a first waveguide and a local oscillator light coupled into a second waveguide. The first and second waveguides coupled to a third waveguide such that the scene light and local oscillator light propagate into the third waveguide. A square law photo detector associated with each light collecting site receives the merged light for heterodyning the scene light and the local oscillator light. Components receive and process the heterodyned light from the photo detectors to produce a frame signal for each light collecting site. A read-out device produces an array signal responsive to the frame signal from each light collecting site. 1. A heterodyne starring array active imager for producing an image , the heterodyne starring array imager comprising:a light source for intermittently illuminating a scene; a coupling component for optically coupling scene light into a first waveguide;', 'a local oscillator light coupled into a second waveguide;', 'the first and second waveguides coupled to a third waveguide, the scene light and the local oscillator light merging and propagating into the third waveguide;', 'a square law photo detector for receiving light propagating in the third waveguide, wherein heterodyning of the scene light and the local oscillator light occurs at the photo detector to produce a photo detector output signal;', 'components for processing and integrating a plurality of the photo detector output signals to produce a frame signal; and, 'an array of light collecting sites imaging the scene, each one of the light collecting sites comprisinga read-out device producing an array signal responsive to the frame signal from each light collecting site.2. The heterodyne starring array imager of ...

LAYERED GLASS STRUCTURES

Layered glass structures and fabrication methods are described. The methods include depositing soot on a dense glass substrate to form a composite structure and sintering the composite structure to form a layered glass structure. The dense glass substrate may be derived from an optical fiber preform that has been modified to include a planar surface. The composite structure may include one or more soot layers. The layered glass structure may be formed by combining multiple composite structures to form a stack, followed by sintering and fusing the stack. The layered glass structure may further be heated to softening and drawn to control linear dimensions. The layered glass structure or drawn layered glass structure may be configured as a planar waveguide. 1. A method of making a layered glass structure comprising:stacking a first dense glass layer on a composite structure, said composite structure including a first soot layer on a second dense glass layer, said first soot layer having a thickness of at least 100 μm.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second dense glass layer comprises silica glass.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said first dense glass layer comprises silica glass.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first soot layer has a density in the range from 0.30 g/cmto 1.50 g/cm.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first soot layer comprises silica glass.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said silica glass comprises a luminescent dopant.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein said silica glass comprises AlO claim 5 , GeO claim 5 , TiO claim 5 , or GaO.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said silica glass further comprises a rare earth dopant.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said thickness of said first soot layer is at least 1 mm.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first soot layer is formed on a planar surface of said first dense glass substrate.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said planar surface has a length of at least 0.1 m.12. The ...

TUNABLE LASER WITH DIRECTIONAL COUPLER

A tunable laser has a first mirror, a second mirror, a gain medium, and a directional coupler. The first mirror and the second mirror form an optical resonator. The gain medium and the directional coupler are, at least partially, in an optical path of the optical resonator. The first mirror and the second mirror comprise binary super gratings. Both the first mirror and the second mirror have high reflectivity. The directional coupler provides an output coupler for the tunable laser. 1. (canceled)2. A device for a laser comprising:a first mirror having a first plurality of reflectance peaks;a second mirror having a second plurality of reflectance peaks, wherein the first mirror and the second mirror are configured to form a resonator;a gain medium within the resonator; anda coupler between the first mirror and the second mirror, the coupler configured to guide a selected percentage of light directly, not evanescently, out of the resonator through a port of the coupler, such that the selected percentage of light coupled out of the resonator is independent of spectral properties of the first mirror and the second mirror, and wherein the coupler is a waveguide coupler.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein:wherein a maximum reflectance of the first plurality of reflectance peaks is greater than 90%; andwherein a maximum reflectance of the second plurality of reflectance peaks is greater than 90%.4. The device of claim 2 , wherein:the coupler comprises a ridge portion having a width at a waist of the coupler, wherein the waist is at a center of the coupler; andthe selected percentage of light guided out of the resonator through the port of the coupler is based on the width of the ridge portion at the waist of the coupler.5. The device of claim 2 , wherein:the coupler comprises a first ridge and a second ridge;a gap separates the first ridge from the second ridge; andthe gap is equal to or greater than 0.75 microns.6. The device of claim 2 , wherein the first mirror claim 2 , ...

HIGH-Q AMPLIFIED RESONATOR

Ring resonators and methods of making and using the same are disclosed. In certain embodiments, a ring resonator may include a waveguide comprising a pump bus and a signal bus disposed adjacent a ring guide, the pump bus and signal bus configured to couple electromagnetic signals to and from ring guide, wherein at least a portion of the waveguide comprises erbium-doped silica and a cladding material disposed adjacent the waveguide, wherein the cladding material exhibits an index of refraction that is lower than an index of refraction of the waveguide, wherein the ring resonator exhibits a propagation loss of less than 2 dB/m. 1. A ring resonator comprising:a waveguide comprising a pump bus and a signal bus disposed adjacent a ring guide, the pump bus and signal bus configured to couple electromagnetic signals to and from ring guide, wherein at least a portion of the waveguide comprises erbium-doped silica; anda cladding material disposed adjacent the waveguide, wherein the cladding material exhibits an index of refraction that is lower than an index of refraction of the waveguide,{'sub': 1', 's', '2', 's', '1', 'p', '2', 'p', 'p', 's', '1', '2, 'sup': '5', 'wherein the power coupling of κ(λ), κ(λ), and/or κ(λ), κ(λ) are configured such that the ring resonator exhibits a quality factor (Q) of greater than 10for the signal and/or pump, where (λ) is a pump wavelength, (λ) is a signal wavelength, and (k) is a coupling coefficient of one of the signal bus and the pump bus and the ring guide, and where (k) is a pump coefficient of the other bus and the ring guide,'}wherein the ring resonator exhibits a propagation loss of less than 2 dB/m.2. (canceled)3. The ring resonator of claim 1 , wherein the ring resonator exhibits a propagation loss of less than 1 dB/m.4. The ring resonator of claim 1 , wherein the ring resonator exhibits a propagation loss of less than 0.02 dB/m.5. The ring resonator of claim 1 , wherein the ring resonator exhibits a free spectral range (FSR) of ...

CMOS COMPATIBLE RARE-EARTH-DOPED WAVEGUIDE AMPLIFIER

The present application is directed to a waveguide amplifier. The waveguide amplifier has a substrate including an upper surface and a lower surface. The waveguide amplifier also has a core made of silicon or silicon nitride formed on an upper surface of the substrate. The core includes a channel configured to transmit light there through. The waveguide amplifier also includes an upper cladding layer formed above the core. The upper cladding layer includes a glass doped with rare earth material. The application is also directed to a method of amplifying a signal. 1. A waveguide amplifier comprising:a substrate including an upper surface and a lower surface;a core (Si or SiN) formed on an upper surface of the substrate, the core including a channel configured to transmit light there through; andan upper cladding layer formed above the core, the upper cladding layer including a glass doped with rare earth material.2. The waveguide amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the core is free of rare-earth material.3. The waveguide amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the upper cladding layer is selected from the rare earth material claim 1 , silica claim 1 , phosphorus claim 1 , geranium claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , boron or combinations thereof.4. The waveguide amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the rare earth material is present in an amount less than 3%.5. The waveguide amplifier of claim 4 , wherein the rare earth material is present in an amount less than 1%.6. The waveguide amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the rare-earth doped material is selected from lanthanum claim 1 , cerium claim 1 , praseodymium claim 1 , neodymium claim 1 , promethium claim 1 , samarium claim 1 , europium claim 1 , gadolinium claim 1 , terbium claim 1 , dysprosium claim 1 , holmium claim 1 , erbium claim 1 , thulium claim 1 , ytterbium claim 1 , lutetium or combinations thereof.7. The waveguide amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the core has a circular spiraling configuration entirely positioned on the upper surface ...

WAVEGUIDE LASER

A laser includes a wavelength selecting element that selectively reflects laser beams with wavelengths λ=λ, λ, λ, . . . , λ(n≧1) of different laser oscillation modes from among fundamental oscillation wavelengths of laser beams passing through a wavelength conversion element , and the wavelength conversion element that converts the laser beams with the wavelengths λ=λ, λ, λ, . . . , λ(n≧1) of different laser oscillation modes reflected by the wavelength selecting element to harmonics. When using a material with a wide gain band as a laser medium of a solid-state laser element , a waveguide laser is implemented capable of carrying out high-efficiency wavelength conversion at a plurality of wavelengths within the gain band. 1. A waveguide laser comprising:a solid-state laser element that amplifies laser beams with a gain achieved by absorption of excitation light;a wavelength conversion element that converts part of fundamental waves of the laser beams output from the solid-state laser element to harmonics; and{'sub': 0', '1', '2', 'n, 'a wavelength selecting element that selectively reflects laser beams with wavelengths λ=λ, λ, λ, . . . , λ(n≧1) of different laser oscillation modes from among fundamental oscillation wavelengths of the laser beams passing through the wavelength conversion element, and that outputs harmonics resulting from the conversion by the wavelength conversion element, wherein'}the waveguide laser resonates the fundamental waves through an optical resonator structure including the solid-state laser element, the wavelength conversion element and the wavelength selecting element; and{'sub': 0', '1', '2', 'n, 'the wavelength conversion element converts the laser beams with the wavelengths λ=λ, λ, λ, . . . , λ(n≧1) of the different laser oscillation modes reflected by the wavelength selecting element to harmonics.'}2. The waveguide laser according to claim 1 , wherein{'sub': 0', '1', '2', 'n, 'the wavelength selecting element has a waveguide ...

PLANAR WAVEGUIDES WITH ENHANCED SUPPORT AND/OR COOLING FEATURES FOR HIGH-POWER LASER SYSTEMS

This disclosure provides planar waveguides with enhanced support and/or cooling. One or more endcaps could be disposed between coating/cladding layers at one or more ends of a core region, where the core region is doped with at least one active ion species and each endcap is not doped with any active ion species that creates substantial absorption at pump and signal wavelengths. A core region could include at least one crystal or crystalline material, and at least one cladding layer could include at least one glass. Different types of coolers could be disposed on or adjacent to different coating/cladding layers. Side claddings could be disposed on opposite sides of a planar waveguide, where the opposite sides represent longer sides of the waveguide. Endcaps and one or more coolers could be sealed to a housing, and coolant can flow through a substantially linear passageway along a length of the waveguide. One side of a planar waveguide could be uncooled. 14.-. (canceled)5. An apparatus comprising:a planar waveguide configured to receive and amplify optical signals, the planar waveguide comprising a core region and at least one cladding layer disposed on the core region;wherein the core region comprises at least one crystal or crystalline material; andwherein the at least one cladding layer comprises at least one glass.6. The apparatus of claim 5 , where the at least one cladding layer comprises first and second cladding layers disposed on opposite sides of the core region claim 5 , each cladding layer comprising the at least one glass.7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the first and second cladding layers have substantially different thicknesses such that the planar waveguide is asymmetrical.8. The apparatus of claim 7 , further comprising:a first cooler disposed on or adjacent to the first cladding layer and configured to cool the planar waveguide; anda second cooler disposed on or adjacent to the second cladding layer and configured to cool the planar waveguide; ...

PLANAR WAVEGUIDES WITH ENHANCED SUPPORT AND/OR COOLING FEATURES FOR HIGH-POWER LASER SYSTEMS

This disclosure provides planar waveguides with enhanced support and/or cooling. One or more endcaps could be disposed between coating/cladding layers at one or more ends of a core region, where the core region is doped with at least one active ion species and each endcap is not doped with any active ion species that creates substantial absorption at pump and signal wavelengths. A core region could include at least one crystal or crystalline material, and at least one cladding layer could include at least one glass. Different types of coolers could be disposed on or adjacent to different coating/cladding layers. Side claddings could be disposed on opposite sides of a planar waveguide, where the opposite sides represent longer sides of the waveguide. Endcaps and one or more coolers could be sealed to a housing, and coolant can flow through a substantially linear passageway along a length of the waveguide. One side of a planar waveguide could be uncooled. 18.-. (canceled).9. An apparatus comprising:a planar waveguide configured to receive and amplify optical signals, the planar waveguide comprising a core region and first and second coating or cladding layers disposed on opposite sides of the core region;a first cooler disposed on or adjacent to the first coating or cladding layer and configured to cool the planar waveguide; anda second cooler disposed on or adjacent to the second coating or cladding layer and configured to cool the planar waveguide;wherein the first and second coolers are different types of coolers.10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein:the first cooler comprises a direct liquid cooler; andthe second cooler comprises a conductive cooler.11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the first and second coolers comprise direct liquid coolers.12. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein at least one of the coolers comprises:a cooling manifold configured to provide cooling liquid to the planar waveguide; anda seal disposed between the cooling manifold and the planar ...

PLANAR WAVEGUIDES WITH ENHANCED SUPPORT AND/OR COOLING FEATURES FOR HIGH-POWER LASER SYSTEMS

This disclosure provides planar waveguides with enhanced support and/or cooling. One or more endcaps could be disposed between coating/cladding layers at one or more ends of a core region, where the core region is doped with at least one active ion species and each endcap is not doped with any active ion species that creates substantial absorption at pump and signal wavelengths. A core region could include at least one crystal or crystalline material, and at least one cladding layer could include at least one glass. Different types of coolers could be disposed on or adjacent to different coating/cladding layers. Side claddings could be disposed on opposite sides of a planar waveguide, where the opposite sides represent longer sides of the waveguide. Endcaps and one or more coolers could be sealed to a housing, and coolant can flow through a substantially linear passageway along a length of the waveguide. One side of a planar waveguide could be uncooled. 121.-. (canceled)22. An apparatus comprising:a planar waveguide configured to receive and amplify optical signals, the planar waveguide comprising a core region and first and second coating or cladding layers disposed on opposite sides of the core region; anda cooler disposed on or adjacent to the first coating or cladding layer and configured to cool the planar waveguide;wherein the second coating or cladding layer is uncooled.23. The apparatus of claim 22 , wherein a thickness of the first coating or cladding layer is less than a thickness of the second coating or cladding layer.24. The apparatus of claim 22 , wherein the planar waveguide is bonded or soldered to the cooler.25. The apparatus of claim 22 , wherein a transparent substrate is disposed over the second coating or cladding layer.26. The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein the transparent substrate comprises sapphire or fused silica.27. The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein the transparent substrate is configured to allow fluorescence to exit the planar ...

Amplification waveguide devices and beam steering apparatuses

Amplification waveguide devices and beam steering apparatuses including the same may include a first core layer through which light is directed, an active layer that amplifies light incident thereof from the first core layer to generate amplified light, and a second core layer that directs amplified light that is incident on the second core layer from the active layer therethrough.

DEVICES WITH QUANTUM DOTS

An example method of manufacturing a semiconductor device. A first wafer may be provided that includes a first layer that contains quantum dots. A second wafer may be provided that includes a buried dielectric layer and a second layer on the buried dielectric layer. An interface layer may be formed on at least one of the first layer and the second layer, where the interface layer may be an insulator, a transparent electrical conductor, or a polymer. The first wafer may be bonded to the second wafer by way of the interface layer. 1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device , comprising:providing a first wafer that includes a first layer that contains quantum dots;providing a second wafer that includes a buried dielectric layer and a second layer on the buried dielectric layer;forming an interface layer on at least one of the first layer and the second layer; andbonding the first wafer to the second wafer by way of the interface layer,wherein the interface layer is one of: an insulator, a transparent electrical conductor, and a polymer.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:forming a laser in the bonded first and second wafers by forming metallic contacts in proximity to a region of the first layer that contains the quantum dots such that electrical carriers are injectable from the metallic contacts into the region to cause the quantum dots to emit light.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:prior to the forming of the interface layer, patterning the second layer into a waveguide for the laser.4. The method of claim 1 ,wherein the interface layer is a dielectric material.5. The method of claim 1 ,wherein, upon the bonding of the first wafer to the second wafer, the interface layer completely covers the second layer.6. The method of claim 1 ,wherein the first layer includes an active layer that contains the quantum dots and a cladding layer on the active layer.7. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device claim 1 , comprising:providing a ...

LOW-SPECKLE LIGHT SOURCE AND IMAGING DEVICES WITH MICRO-REFRACTIVE ELEMENT STABILIZED LASER ARRAY

A light source for an imaging system. The light source includes a microresonator laser array having opposing mirrors arranged substantially parallel to one another. A laser gain medium is between the opposing mirrors. An array of microrefractive elements is arranged to stabilize the microresonator. A pump laser's output is shaped by a lens that directs it toward the micro-resonator laser array. An output lens directs a plurality of laser beams from the microresonator laser array to be incoherently combined at an object to be illuminated. 1. A light source for an imaging system , the light source comprising:a microresonator laser array including opposing mirrors arranged substantially parallel to one another, a laser gain medium between the opposing mirrors and an array of microrefractive elements arranged to stabilize the microresonator;a pump laser and a lens that shapes the pump laser and directs it toward the micro-resonator laser array; andoptics to direct a plurality of laser beams from the microresonator laser array toward an object to be illuminated.2. The light source of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of laser beams includes beams that have phases that vary differently in time.3. The light source of claim 2 , wherein the pump laser is pulsed.4. The light source of claim 3 , wherein some of the phases cancel each other to remove speckle.5. The light source of claim 4 , wherein the pulse timing permits acquisition of dynamic information on a sub-microsecond time scale.6. The light source of claim 1 , wherein the laser gain medium is titanium doped sapphire or titanium dioxide.7. The light source of claim 1 , configured to retrofit into a microscope system.8. The light source of claim 1 , wherein the object is a sample and the light source is arranged in a microscope to illuminate the sample.9. The light source of claim 1 , wherein the object is an eye claim 1 , and the light source is arranged in an ophthalmology system to direct the plurality of laser beams ...

High average power integrated optical waveguide laser

A high power laser whose output is a matrix of individual phase controlled pixels is disclosed, each pixel containing a number of low power, single transverse mode, phase coherent gain channel outputs. Each row of pixels is formed as an optical pump waveguide that is transverse or orthogonal to a number of parallel, longitudinal gain channels integrated within or adjacent to the transverse pump waveguide. Optical pump energy is produced and injected by a number of parallel laser diode bars, located along both longitudinal sides of the pump waveguide. Waste thermal energy from the pump diodes and gain channels is extracted from each laser row by integrating the row pump waveguide, gain channels, and pump diodes within a heat exchanger. 1. A laser , comprising:a. a waveguide center;b. a plurality of gain channels arranged longitudinally along the waveguide center, wherein the plurality of gain channels are separated into a plurality of gain channel groups across the waveguide center;c. a plurality of laser diode bars arranged orthogonally to the plurality of gain channels.2. The laser of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of gain channels comprise a cross-sectional area small enough that a single transverse transmission mode is dominate in the gain channels.3. The laser of claim 2 , wherein each of the plurality of gain channels are about 10 microns high and about 10 microns wide.4. The laser of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide center comprises a top side and a bottom side claim 1 , and wherein the laser further comprises a first heat exchanger surface attached at the top side of the waveguide center and a second heat exchanger surface attached at the bottom side of the waveguide center.5. The laser of claim 4 , further comprising a first cladding layer between the waveguide center and the first heat exchanger surface claim 4 , and a second cladding layer between the waveguide center and the second heat exchanger surface.6. The laser of claim 1 , wherein each of ...

PHYSICALLY OPERABLE AND MECHANICALLY RECONFIGURABLE LIGHT SOURCES

A combination of microvalves and waveguides may enable the creation of reconfigurable on-chip light sources compatible with planar sample preparation and particle sensing architecture using either single-mode or multi-mode interference (MMI) waveguides. A first type of light source is a DFB laser source with lateral gratings created by the light valves. Moreover, feedback for creating a narrowband light source does not have to be a DFB grating in the active region. A DBR configuration (Bragg mirrors on one or both ends of the active region) or simple mirrors at the end of the cavity can also be used. Alternately, ring resonators may be created using a valve coupled to a bus waveguide where the active gain medium is either incorporated in the ring or inside an enclosed fluid. The active light source may be activated by moving a fluid trap and/or a solid-core optical component defining its active region. 1. A physically operable optofluidic light-source , comprising:a substrate layer; and a channel configured to comprise a first fluid comprising a gain medium for a light source; and', 'a flexible layer comprising a trap defining an active region of the light source and configured to confine a predetermined volume of the first fluid;, 'an active layer comprising when the trap is in the first position, the light source is activated, and', 'when the trap is in the second position, the light source is deactivated., 'wherein the flexible layer is configured to deform and to thereby move the trap between a first position and a second position, wherein2. The optofluidic light-source of claim 1 , wherein the light source is a laser light source and wherein claim 1 , when the trap is in the first position claim 1 , the laser light source is activated.3. The optofluidic light-source of any one or more of claim 1 , wherein:the trap comprises an opening on one side;the trap is configured to allow the first fluid to flow into and out of the opening of the trap when the trap is in ...

TUNABLE LASER WITH DIRECTIONAL COUPLER

A tunable laser has a first mirror, a second mirror, a gain medium, and a directional coupler. The first mirror and the second mirror form an optical resonator. The gain medium and the directional coupler are, at least partially, in an optical path of the optical resonator. The first mirror and the second mirror comprise binary super gratings. Both the first mirror and the second mirror have high reflectivity. The directional coupler provides an output coupler for the tunable laser. 1. (canceled)2. A method for coupling silicon waveguides , the method comprising: the directional coupler has a shoulder;', 'the directional coupler has a first ridge extending from the first input to a first output disposed on the shoulder; and', 'the directional coupler has a second ridge extending from a second input to a second output disposed on the shoulder;, 'guiding light into a first input of a directional coupler, whereinguiding light from the first input to the first ridge;guiding light from the first ridge, through the shoulder to the second ridge, wherein the first ridge tapers to direct at least a portion of light, from the first input, out of the first ridge toward the second ridge; andguiding light from the second ridge to the second output.3. The method as recited in claim 2 , wherein the first ridge claim 2 , the second ridge claim 2 , and the shoulder are made of silicon.4. The method as recited in claim 3 , wherein:the first ridge, the second ridge, and the shoulder are made of crystalline silicon; andthe shoulder is disposed on a silicon substrate.5. The method as recited in claim 2 , wherein:the shoulder tapers in a first region;the first ridge and the second ridge taper in a second region;the first ridge and the second ridge taper in an opposite direction in a third region than in the second region;the shoulder tapers in an opposite direction in a fourth region than in the first region;the second region is between the first region and the third region; andthe third ...

Cascaded resonators photon pair source

A photon source includes a bus waveguide, a photon source pump laser coupled to the bus waveguide and a plurality of optical resonators coupled to the bus waveguide. Each optical resonator of the plurality of optical resonators has a respective resonance line width and a respective resonance frequency, wherein a bandwidth of the resonant center frequencies of the plurality of optical resonators is greater than a bandwidth of the photon source pump laser. The bus waveguide produces photons in response to receiving laser pulses from the pump laser.

RING OPTICAL RESONATOR FOR GENERATION AND DETECTION OF MILLIMETER-WAVE OR SUB-MILLIMETER-WAVE ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

A ring optical resonator and one or more input optical waveguides are arranged on a substrate, and are arranged and positioned to establish evanescent optical coupling between them. The ring optical resonator, the substrate, or both include one or more nonlinear optical materials. To detect an electromagnetic signal at frequency νincident on the resonator, an input optical signal at frequency νpropagates along the waveguide and around the resonator. The incident electromagnetic signal and the input optical signal generate one or more sideband optical signals at corresponding optical sideband frequencies ν=ν+νor ν=ν−ν. To generate an electromagnetic signal to propagate away from the resonator, input optical signals at frequencies νand νpropagate along one or more waveguides and around the resonator and generate the electromagnetic signal incident at frequency ν=|ν−ν|. 1. An apparatus comprising:(a) a substrate;(b) a ring optical resonator on the substrate, the ring optical resonator being arranged so as to support one or more resonant optical modes; and(c) an input optical waveguide on the substrate, the input optical waveguide being arranged so as to support one or more propagating input optical modes, the input optical waveguide and the ring optical resonator being arranged and positioned so as to establish evanescent optical coupling therebetween,(d) the ring optical resonator, the substrate, or both including one or more nonlinear optical materials,{'sub': IN', 'EM', 'SF', 'IN', 'EM', 'DF', 'IN', 'EM, '(e) the ring optical resonator and the input optical waveguide being arranged so as to generate, from (i) an input optical signal at an input optical frequency νpropagating along the input optical waveguide in one or more propagating input optical modes and around the ring optical resonator in one or more resonant optical modes and (ii) a millimeter-wave or sub-millimeter-wave electromagnetic signal at an electromagnetic frequency νincident on the ring optical ...

LASER LIGHT SOURCE AND LASER PROJECTOR WITH LASER LIGHT SOURCE

A laser light source includes a nonlinear optical medium and a pump laser source configured to generate a pump laser beam to form a signal beam and an idler beam in the nonlinear optical medium by parametric down conversion. The laser light source further includes a seed light source configured to generate a seed signal beam and/or a seed idler beam having a coherence length lesser than a coherence length of the pump laser beam, and a superpositioning device configured to superposition the seed signal beam and/or the seed idler beam with the pump laser beam for joint coupling into the nonlinear optical medium. 1. A laser light source comprising:a nonlinear optical medium,a pump laser source configured to generate a pump laser beam to form a signal beam and an idler beam in the nonlinear optical medium by parametric down conversion,a seed light source configured to generate a seed signal beam and/or a seed idler beam having a coherence length lesser than a coherence length of the pump laser beam,a superpositioning device configured to superposition the seed signal beam and/or the seed idler beam with the pump laser beam for joint coupling into the nonlinear optical medium.2. The laser light source according to claim 1 , further comprising: a control device configured to control the power of the seed signal beam claim 1 , the seed idler beam claim 1 , and/or the pump laser beam coupled into the nonlinear optical medium.3. The laser light source according to claim 1 , wherein the seed light source is one of an LED claim 1 , a superluminescence diode claim 1 , or a laser diode.4. The laser light source according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , the pump laser source is configured to generate a pump laser beam with a pump wavelength of less than 460 nm.5. The laser light source according to claim 1 , wherein the pump laser source comprises a solid state laser.6. The laser light source according to claim 1 , further comprising: an optical isolator configured to protect the ...

Solid-state optical amplifier having an active core and doped cladding in a single chip

A solid-state optical amplifier is described, having an active core and doped cladding in a single chip. An active optical core runs through a doped cladding in a structure formed on a substrate. A light emitting structure, such as an LED, is formed within and/or adjacent to the optical core. The cladding is doped, for example, with erbium or other rare-earth elements or metals. Several exemplary devices and methods of their formation are given.

PHOTONIC DEVICES AND METHODS OF USING AND MAKING PHOTONIC DEVICES

Examples of the present invention include integrated erbium-doped waveguide lasers designed for silicon photonic systems. In some examples, these lasers include laser cavities defined by distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) formed in silicon nitride-based waveguides. These DBRs may include grating features defined by wafer-scale immersion lithography, with an upper layer of erbium-doped aluminum oxide deposited as the final step in the fabrication process. The resulting inverted ridge-waveguide yields high optical intensity overlap with the active medium for both the 980 nm pump (89%) and 1.5 μm laser (87%) wavelengths with a pump-laser intensity overlap of over 93%. The output powers can be 5 mW or higher and show lasing at widely-spaced wavelengths within both the C- and L-bands of the erbium gain spectrum (1536, 1561 and 1596 nm). 1. A method of making a photonic device , the method comprising:(A) depositing dielectric material having a first refractive index on a substrate to form a dielectric layer having an upper surface;(B) forming at least one dielectric strip having a second refractive index greater than the first refractive index within the dielectric layer about 0 nm to about 500 nm from the upper surface; and(C) depositing gain material having a third refractive index greater than the first refractive index on at least a portion of the upper surface of the dielectric layer over the at least one dielectric strip to form a gain layer configured to guide an optical pump beam and an optical signal beam along a longitudinal axis of the at least one dielectric strip.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein (B) comprises:(B1) forming at least one trench in the dielectric layer;(B2) depositing silicon nitride in the at least one trench so as to form the at least one dielectric strip; and(B3) depositing silicon dioxide on the at least one dielectric strip.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein (C) comprises depositing AlO:Eras the gain material on the second dielectric ...

Chip-integrated Titanium:Sapphire Laser

An integrated Ti:Sapphire laser device includes a substrate [], a first waveguide resonator [] composed of a gain medium integrated onto the substrate in a planar technology configuration, a frequency doubler [] composed of a second order nonlinear material integrated onto the substrate in a planar technology configuration, and a second waveguide resonator [] composed of a titanium doped sapphire gain medium integrated onto the substrate in a planar technology configuration. 1. A Ti:Sapphire laser device comprising:a substrate;a first waveguide resonator composed of a gain medium integrated onto the substrate in a planar technology configuration;a frequency doubler composed of a second order nonlinear material integrated onto the substrate in a planar technology configuration;a second waveguide resonator composed of a titanium doped sapphire gain medium integrated onto the substrate in a planar technology configuration;wherein the first waveguide resonator is optically coupled to the frequency doubler and is capable of producing laser radiation from pump diode light input to the Ti:Sapphire laser device;wherein the frequency doubler is optically coupled to the second waveguide resonator and is capable of producing frequency doubled radiation from the laser radiation.2. The Ti:Sapphire laser device of wherein the first waveguide resonator is a Nd:YVOresonator or Nd:YAG resonator.3. The Ti:Sapphire laser device of wherein the frequency doubler comprises a SiC ring resonator that frequency doubles the laser radiation via a doubly resonant second-harmonic generation process.4. The Ti:Sapphire laser device of wherein the frequency doubler comprises a thin film lithium niobite resonator.5. The Ti:Sapphire laser device of wherein the second waveguide resonator includes dispersion-engineered laser cavity mirrors.6. The Ti:Sapphire laser device of wherein the second waveguide resonator includes a low-loss Kerr nonlinear mirror and one broadband linear mirror.7. The Ti: ...

OPTICAL TUBE WAVEGUIDE LASING MEDIUM AND RELATED METHOD

Laser waveguides, methods and systems for forming a laser waveguide are provided. The waveguide includes an inner cladding layer surrounding a central axis and a glass core surrounding and located outside of the inner cladding layer. The glass core includes a laser-active material. The waveguide includes an outer cladding layer surrounding and located outside of the glass core. The inner cladding, outer cladding and/or core may surround a hollow central channel or bore and may be annular in shape. 1. A method of forming a laser waveguide comprising:delivering a first stream of glass soot particles from a soot generating device to a target rod such that a first layer of glass soot particles is formed surrounding the target rod;delivering a second stream of glass soot particles from the soot generating device toward the target rod after formation of the first layer of glass soot particles, wherein the second stream of glass soot particles forms a second layer of glass soot particles and includes a laser-active material;delivering a third stream of glass soot particles from the soot generating device toward the target rod after formation of the second layer of glass soot particles such that a third layer of glass soot particles is formed; andsintering the first, second and third layers of glass soot particles such that first, second and third sintered glass layers are formed from the first, second and third glass soot layers, respectively.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein sintering includes sintering the first layer of glass soot particles before formation of the second layer of glass soot particles.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein sintering includes sintering the second layer of glass soot particles before formation of the third layer of glass soot particles.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second layer of glass soot particles is formed surrounding the first layer of glass soot particles and the third layer of glass soot particles is formed surrounding the ...

Optoelectronic devices, methods of fabrication thereof and materials therefor

An optoelectronic signal translating device having a region containing rare earth or transition metal ions for generation of radiation of a predetermined wavelength. Said region includes an organic complex comprising a ligand adapted to enhance the emission of radiation and a chromophore separately co-operable with a radiation source of wavelength not greater than that of said predetermined desired radiation. Said chromophore can be excited to cross-couple with the upper permitted energy state of said rare earth or transition metal ions, thereby generating said predetermined desired radiation by subsequent decay of said ions to the permitted lower energy state.

Beam steering device and system employing same

A beam steering device and a system employing the same are provided. The beam steering device includes: waveguides provided on a substrate to form channels through which light is transmitted; a modulators provided on the waveguides and configured to change, according to electrical signals, a phase of the light by changing a refractive index of the light which passes through the waveguides; and a driving circuit configured to provide the electrical signals to the modulators to drive the modulators.

LASER AUTOMOTIVE LAMP APPARATUS

A laser light source apparatus includes a laser diode, a first optical assembly having one or more lenses for generating a collimated laser beam from light emitted by the laser diode, a doped microstructured glass block configured to generate laser emissions at at least a first wavelength and a second wavelength when pumped by the collimated laser beam, an input beam lens for focusing the collimated laser beam onto an input surface of the microstructured glass block, an optical alignment assembly, an output light guiding assembly, and a housing for containing and supporting the optical alignment assembly and the output light guiding assembly. 115-. (canceled)16. A laser light source apparatus , comprising:a laser diode;a first optical assembly comprising one or more lenses for generating a collimated laser beam from light emitted by the laser diode;a doped microstructured glass block configured to generate laser emissions at at least a first wavelength and a second wavelength when pumped by the collimated laser beam;an input beam lens for focusing the collimated laser beam onto an input surface of the microstructured glass block; a laser diode housing for mounting and aligning the laser diode and the first optical assembly; and', 'a microstructured glass block mounting configured to mount and align the input beam lens and the microstructured glass block;, 'an optical alignment assembly comprisingan output light guiding assembly comprising at least one lens for collimating output light from an output surface of the microstructured glass block into an output beam; anda housing for containing and supporting the optical alignment assembly and the output light guiding assembly,wherein the laser diode housing is configured to dissipate heat from the laser diode and is constructed of a material that is thermally stable and has high thermal conductivity to maintain laser diode output within a predetermined acceptable output range, andthe microstructured glass block ...

DISTRIBUTED REFLECTOR LASER

A distributed reflector (DR) laser may include a distributed feedback (DFB) region and a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). The DFB region may have a length in a range from 30 micrometers (μm) to 100 μm and may include a DFB grating with a first kappa in a range from 100 cmto 150 cm. The DBR region may be coupled end to end with the DFB region and may have a length in a range from 30-300 μm. The DBR region may include a DBR grating with a second kappa in a range from 150 cmto 200 cm. The DR laser may additionally include a lasing mode and a p-p resonance frequency. The lasing mode may be at a long wavelength side of a peak of a DBR reflection profile of the DBR region. The p-p resonance frequency may be less than or equal to 70 GHz. 1. A distributed reflector (DR) laser , comprising:a distributed feedback (DFB) region;a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) region coupled end to end with the DFB region;a lasing mode at a long wavelength side of a peak of a DBR reflection profile of the DBR region; anda p-p resonance frequency in a range from 50-60 gigahertz (GHz); andan intrinsic resonant frequency (Fr) in a range from 15-38 GHz.2. The DR laser of claim 1 , wherein the length of the DFB region is 50 μm claim 1 , the first kappa of the DFB grating is 120 cm claim 1 , the length of the DBR region is 200 μm claim 1 , and the second kappa of the DBR grating is 180 cm.3. The DR laser of claim 1 , wherein the DFB region has a first stop-band that is wider than a second stop-band of the DBR region.4. The DR laser of claim 3 , wherein the first stop-band of the DFB region is 8 nanometers (nm) in width and the second stop-band of the DBR region is 5 nm in width.5. The DR laser of claim 1 , wherein the DFB region further comprises a multiple quantum well (MQW) structure having a large linewidth enhancement factor α.6. The DR laser of claim 5 , wherein the linewidth enhancement factor an of the MQW structure is greater than or equal to 4.7. The DR laser of claim 6 , wherein the ...

SOLID LASER AMPLIFICATION DEVICE

A solid laser amplification device having a laser medium that has a solid medium, into which a laser light enters and from which the laser light is emitted, and an amplification layer, provided on the surface of the medium, receives the laser light in the medium, and amplifies and reflects the light toward the exit; and a microchannel cooling part that has a plurality of cooling pipelines, into which a cooling solvent is conducted and which are arranged parallel to the surface of the amplification layer, and a cooling surface, at the outer periphery of the cooling pipelines and attached on the surface of the amplification layer, the microchannel cooling part cooling the amplification layer. The closer the position of the cooling pipeline to a position facing a section of the amplification layer that receives the laser light, the greater the cooling force exhibited by the cooling part. 1. A solid laser amplification device comprising:a laser medium part which has a solid medium, into which a laser light enters from an entrance part and from which the laser light is emitted from an exit part to the outside, and an amplification layer which is provided on a surface of the medium, receives the laser light in the medium, and amplifies and reflects the laser light toward the exit part; anda microchannel type cooling part which has a plurality of cooling pipelines, through which a cooling solvent passes and which are arranged in a direction parallel to a surface of the amplification layer, and a cooling surface which is provided at an outer periphery of the plurality of cooling pipelines and mounted on the surface of the amplification layer, and cools the amplification layer,wherein in the cooling part, a cooling power increases as it goes toward the cooling pipeline provided at a position closer to a position facing a place receiving the laser light, of the amplification layer.2. The solid laser amplification device according to claim 1 , wherein in the cooling part claim ...

OPTICALLY PUMPABLE WAVEGUIDE AMPLIFIER WITH AMPLIFIER HAVING TAPERED INPUT AND OUTPUT

Optically pumpable waveguide amplifier with amplifier having tapered input and output. The present invention provides for a optically pumpable waveguide amplification device that includes: a cladding material; a passive optical waveguide embedded in the cladding material that has no optical amplification functionality; and an active optical waveguide having an input portion, a middle portion and an output portion, including: a gain material with a higher refractive index than the passive optical waveguide, wherein the middle portion of the active optical waveguide is embedded in the cladding material, and faces the passive wave guide, such that a lower surface of the middle portion is an upper surface of the passive optical waveguide. There is also provided a device for optically pumpable waveguide amplification and a method for signal radiation amplification. 1. An optically pumpable waveguide amplifier device , comprising:a cladding material;a passive optical waveguide embedded in the cladding material that has no optical amplification functionality; andan active optical waveguide having a gain material with a higher refractive index than the passive optical waveguide, and which successively includes: an input portion, a middle portion, an output portion,wherein the middle portion successively include: a first taper portion, an amplifier portion, and a second taper portion; the middle portion embedded in the cladding material, and facing the passive waveguide, such that a lower surface of the middle portion is an upper surface of the passive optical waveguide; andeach of the taper portions widens towards the amplifier portion, parallel to the lower surface, such that a narrow end of each of the taper portions have a cross-sectional area that is smaller than a cross-sectional area of the passive optical waveguide at the same level of narrow end.2. The optical waveguide amplifier device of claim 1 , wherein a width of each of the taper portions decreases non- ...

Laser element, compound, method for producing compound and lasing sensitizer

Disclosed is a laser device containing a. compound represented by the following formula in a light-emitting layer, R 1 and R 5 each represent a substituent having a positive Hammett's σ p value, and R 2 to R 4 , and R 6 to R 15 each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.

PLANAR WAVEGUIDE LASER DEVICE

In a planar waveguide laser device (), a substrate () is joined to the upper surface of a waveguide (). A recess () having a chamfered shape is formed along an edge of an end facet of the substrate () on the side of the waveguide (), the end facet being perpendicular to the direction of laser oscillation. An end facet of the waveguide () perpendicular to the oscillation direction of laser light is covered with a coating (). A wraparound portion () continuing from the coating () covers the upper surface of the waveguide () facing the recess () of the substrate (). 1. A planar waveguide laser device comprising:a waveguide including a laser medium having a flat plate-like shape, an upper cladding joined to an upper surface of the laser medium, and a lower cladding joined to a lower surface of the laser medium;a substrate joined to an upper surface of the waveguide;the substrate comprising a recess with a chamfered shape along an edge of an end facet of the substrate, the edge facing the waveguide, and the end facet of the substrate being perpendicular to an oscillation direction of laser light; anda coating continuously covering an end facet of the waveguide perpendicular to the oscillation direction of laser light, and an upper surface of the waveguide facing the recess of the substrate.2. The planar waveguide laser device according to claim 1 , wherein the waveguide is a ridge waveguide having a raised portion on one of the upper surface and the lower surface of the laser medium.3. The planar waveguide laser device according to claim 1 , wherein the coating continuously covers at least part of the lower surface of the waveguide claim 1 , in addition to the end facet and the upper surface of the waveguide.4. The planar waveguide laser device according to claim 1 , wherein the coating continuously covers the recess of the substrate and the end facet of the substrate claim 1 , in addition to the end facet and the upper surface of the waveguide.5. The planar waveguide ...

HIGH-GAIN SINGLE PLANAR WAVEGUIDE (PWG) AMPLIFIER LASER SYSTEM

A system includes a master oscillator configured to generate a first optical beam and a beam controller configured to modify the first optical beam. The system also includes a PWG amplifier configured to receive the modified first optical beam and generate a second optical beam having a higher power than the first optical beam. The second optical beam has a power of at least about ten kilowatts. The PWG amplifier includes a single laser gain medium configured to generate the second optical beam. The system further includes a feedback loop configured to control the master oscillator, PWG amplifier, and beam controller. The feedback loop includes a laser controller. The laser controller may be configured to process wavefront information or power in bucket information associated with the second optical beam to control an adaptive optic or perform a back-propagation algorithm to provide wavefront correction at an output of the PWG amplifier. 1. A method comprising:generating a first optical beam using a master oscillator;modifying the first optical beam using a beam controller;amplifying the modified first optical beam to generate a second optical beam using a planar waveguide (PWG) amplifier, the second optical beam having a higher power than the first optical beam; andcontrolling the master oscillator, the PWG amplifier, and the beam controller using a feedback loop that comprises a laser controller;wherein the second optical beam has a power of at least about ten kilowatts and is generated using a single laser gain medium in the PWG amplifier.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the single laser gain medium lies within a single amplifier beamline of a laser system.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein modifying the first optical beam using the beam controller comprises at least one of:pre-distorting the first optical beam to at least partially compensate for distortions created within the PWG amplifier; andperforming two-axis tip/tilt alignment control.4. The method of ...

UNIDIRECTIONALLY EMITTING MICRODISK HAVING ULTRA-HIGH QUALITY FACTOR AND LASER USING THE SAME

The present invention relates to a microdisk laser having characteristics of unidirectional emission and an ultra-high quality factor and also a microdisk laser composed of four circular arcs and configured to emit light in one direction in a resonance mode having the form of a whispering gallery mode formed by total reflection. 1. A microdisk for forming an ultra-high quality factor resonance mode in a chaotic resonator , the microdisk comprising:{'b': '1', 'a first arc having a first radius R;'}third and fourth arcs tangentially connected to both ends of the first arc; and{'b': 2', '1, 'a second arc having a second radius R greater than the first radius R and tangentially connected to the third and fourth arcs.'}2. The microdisk of claim 1 , wherein the ultra-high quality factor resonance mode is a resonance mode of the resonator formed in the form of a whispering gallery mode in the chaotic resonator.3. The microdisk of claim 1 , wherein the ultra-high quality factor resonance mode is a resonance mode that is localized on a stable periodic orbit positioned at an edge of the chaotic resonator or an unstable periodic orbit positioned at an edge of the chaotic resonator.4. The microdisk of claim 1 , wherein the ultra-high quality factor resonance mode is a resonance mode that is localized on a marginally unstable periodic orbit positioned at an edge of the chaotic resonator or an unstable periodic orbit positioned around the boundary of the chaotic resonator.5. The microdisk of claim 1 , wherein emission intensity is greater in one direction than in other directions.634. The microdisk of claim 1 , wherein when the third arc has a third radius R and the fourth arc has a fourth radius R claim 1 , the third radius and the fourth radius are smaller than the first radius.7. The microdisk of claim 1 , wherein the first claim 1 , second claim 1 , third claim 1 , and fourth arcs are each a circular arc or a portion of an ellipse.8431. The microdisk of claim 6 , wherein the ...

TUNABLE REFLECTORS BASED ON MULTI-CAVITY INTERFERENCE

A reflective structure includes an input/output port and an optical splitter coupled to the input/output port. The optical splitter has a first branch and a second branch. The reflective structure also includes a first resonant cavity optically coupled to the first branch of the optical splitter. The first resonant cavity comprises a first set of reflectors and a first waveguide region disposed between the first set of reflectors. The reflective structures further includes a second resonant cavity optically coupled to the second branch of the optical splitter. The second resonant cavity comprises a second set of reflectors and a second waveguide region disposed between the second set of reflectors. 1. A reflective structure comprising:an input/output port; and a primary arm including a primary propagation section, a first primary reflector coupled to the primary propagation section, a primary Y-junction waveguide coupled to the primary propagation section, and a second primary reflector coupled to the primary Y-junction waveguide; and', 'a secondary arm including a secondary propagation section, a first secondary reflector coupled to the secondary propagation section, a secondary Y-junction waveguide coupled to the secondary propagation section, and a second secondary reflector coupled to the secondary Y-junction waveguide., 'a Y-junction waveguide optically coupled to the input/output port, wherein the Y-junction waveguide comprises2. The reflective structure of wherein at least one of the primary propagation section or the secondary propagation section comprises a variable index of refraction region.3. The reflective structure of wherein both the primary propagation section and the secondary propagation section comprise a variable index of refraction region.4. The reflective structure of wherein the first primary reflector claim 1 , the second primary reflector claim 1 , the first secondary reflector claim 1 , and the second secondary reflector comprise sidewall ...

Waveguide amplifier

The present invention concerns a waveguide amplifier and a waveguide amplifier device comprising it. In addition, the invention concerns a method for producing such waveguide amplifier. The invention especially relates to erbium doped waveguide amplifiers having a controlled doping concentration. 1. A strip waveguide amplifier comprising:a silicon substrate;an optical quality silicon dioxide (silica) layer formed on the substrate;a silicon nitride layer formed on the silica layer; andan erbium-doped aluminum oxide layer on the silica and the silicon nitride layers,wherein the erbium-doped aluminum oxide layer is deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD).2. The strip waveguide amplifier according to claim 1 , further comprising a resist layer formed on the erbium-doped aluminum oxide layer.3. The strip waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein in the erbium-doped aluminum oxide layer has an erbium doping concentration of 0.5 to 5 at. % claim 1 , calculated from the number of total atoms in the erbium-doped aluminum oxide layer.4. The strip waveguide amplifier according to claim 1 , wherein the silica layer has a thickness of 1.0 to 2.0 μm claim 1 , wherein the silicon nitride layer has a thickness of 400 to 800 nm claim 1 , and wherein the erbium-doped aluminum oxide layer has a thickness of 100 to 200 nm.5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. The strip waveguide amplifier according to claim 1 , wherein the erbium doping concentration is progressively controlled with the perpendicular plane to the surface of the erbium-doped aluminum oxide layer in nanometer scale claim 1 , and within the planar and perpendicular plane to the surface of the erbium-doped aluminum oxide layer in atomic scale.8. The strip waveguide amplifier according to claim 1 , comprising a single active layer of erbium-doped aluminum oxide deposited by ALD.9. A method for producing a strip waveguide amplifier comprising:providing a silicon substrate;depositing silicon dioxide on the silicon substrate to form ...

Tunable laser materials comprising solid-state blended polymers

The present invention relates to a solid-state blended polymer system that has the property of tunable lasing wavelength through adjusting the blending ratio. It can be used for health monitoring, environmental monitoring sensor and tissue imaging. Current materials do not have the broad tunable range; from blue to infra-red across the optical range. By using the same two polymers, it is possible to produce laser emitting blue to red colour. It simplifies the design, eases multi-wavelength laser sensor system integration and therefore, making the production cost-effective.

SUPPRESSION OF AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION (ASE) WITHIN LASER PLANAR WAVEGUIDE DEVICES

Described herein are devices and techniques for suppressing parasitic modes in planar waveguide amplifier structures. One or more of the side and end facets of a planar waveguide amplifier are angled with respect to a fast axis defined in a transverse plane perpendicular to a core region. A relationship between glancing in-plane angles of incidence and threshold bevel angles θcan be used to select side bevel angles θto suppress parasitics by redirecting amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from the core. It is possible to select the one or more bevel angles θto be great enough to substantially redirect all but ballistic photons of any guided modes, effectively narrowing a numerical aperture of the planar waveguide amplifier along a slow axis, defined in a transverse plane perpendicular to the fast axis. Beneficially, such improvements can be realized for three part waveguide structures (e.g., cladding-core-cladding), with substantially smooth edge facets. 2. The planar waveguide amplifier of claim 1 , wherein a transverse cross section of the planar core layer and the at least one cladding layer defines a shape selected from the group of shapes consisting of: a parallelogram claim 1 , a trapezoid claim 1 , an isosceles trapezoid claim 1 , a trapezium claim 1 , an isosceles trapezium claim 1 , and a right-angled trapezium.3. The planar waveguide amplifier of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of at least one of the opposing side facets is polished.4. The planar waveguide amplifier of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of at least one of the opposing side facets has a diffused surface.5. The planar waveguide amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the planar core layer is at least one of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) claim 1 , ytterbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Yb:YAG) claim 1 , erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) claim 1 , thulium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Tm:YAG) claim 1 , holmium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Ho:YAG) claim 1 , ...

HIGH-Q AMPLIFIED RESONATOR

Ring resonators and methods of making and using the same are disclosed. In certain embodiments, a ring resonator may include a waveguide comprising a pump bus and a signal bus disposed adjacent a ring guide, the pump bus and signal bus configured to couple electromagnetic signals to and from ring guide, wherein at least a portion of the waveguide comprises erbium-doped silica and a cladding material disposed adjacent the waveguide, wherein the cladding material exhibits an index of refraction that is lower than an index of refraction of the waveguide. 1. A ring resonator comprising:a waveguide comprising a pump bus and a signal bus disposed adjacent a ring guide, the pump bus and signal bus configured to couple electromagnetic signals to and from ring guide, wherein at least a portion of the waveguide comprises rare-earth element doped silica; anda cladding material disposed adjacent the waveguide, wherein the cladding material exhibits an index of refraction that is lower than an index of refraction of the waveguide,{'sub': 1', 's', '2', 's', '1', 'p', '2', 'p', 'p', 's', '1', '2, 'sup': '5', 'wherein the power coupling of κ(λ), κ(λ), and/or κ(λ), κ(λ) are configured such that the ring resonator exhibits a quality factor (Q) of greater than 10for the signal and/or pump, where (λ) is a pump wavelength, (λ) is a signal wavelength, and (k) is a coupling coefficient of one of the signal bus and the pump bus and the ring guide, and where (k) is a pump coefficient of the other bus and the ring guide.'}2. The ring resonator of claim 1 , wherein the pump bus and the signal bus are integrated as a unitary waveguide.3. The ring resonator of claim 1 , wherein the ring resonator exhibits a propagation loss of less than 2 dB/m.4. The ring resonator of claim 1 , wherein the ring resonator exhibits a propagation loss of less than 1 dB/m.5. The ring resonator of claim 1 , wherein the ring resonator exhibits a free spectral range (FSR) of greater than 10 GHz.6. The ring resonator ...

OPTICALLY PUMPABLE WAVEGUIDE AMPLIFIER WITH AMPLIFIER HAVING TAPERED INPUT AND OUTPUT

Optically pumpable waveguide amplifier with amplifier having tapered input and output. The present invention provides for a optically pumpable waveguide amplification device that includes: a cladding material; a passive optical waveguide embedded in the cladding material that has no optical amplification functionality; and an active optical waveguide having an input portion, a middle portion and an output portion, including: a gain material with a higher refractive index than the passive optical waveguide, wherein the middle portion of the active optical waveguide is embedded in the cladding material, and faces the passive wave guide, such that a lower surface of the middle portion is an upper surface of the passive optical waveguide. There is also provided a device for optically pumpable waveguide amplification and a method for signal radiation amplification. 2. The optical waveguide amplifier device of claim 1 , wherein a width of each of the taper portions decreases non-linearly from the amplifier portion claim 1 , parallel to the lower surface.3. The optical waveguide amplifier device of claim 2 , wherein each of the taper portions decomposes into at least two sub-portions claim 2 , including at least one slowly-varying sub-portion and at least one fast-varying sub-portion.4. The optical waveguide amplifier device of claim 1 , wherein the distance between the lower surface and the upper surface is between 0.0 and 5.0 μm.5. The optical waveguide amplifier device of claim 1 , wherein the passive optical waveguide is a rib waveguide claim 1 , comprising: a slab and a strip claim 1 , the strip being superimposed directly onto the slab claim 1 , and wherein the upper surface of the passive optical waveguide is an upper surface of the slab claim 1 , opposite to the strip with respect to the slab.6. The optical waveguide amplifier device of claim 1 , wherein a length of the taper portions is between 50 μm and 10 mm.7. The optical waveguide amplifier device of claim 1 , ...

NON-RECIPROCAL LASING IN TOPOLOGICAL CAVITIES OF ARBITRARY GEOMETRIES

A laser source includes a topological cavity for nonreciprocal lasing, a magnetic material and an optical waveguide. The magnetic material is arranged to interact with the topological cavity. The optical waveguide is arranged to receive light extracted from the topological cavity upon breaking of time-reversal symmetry in the topological cavity. 1. A laser source , comprising:a topological cavity for nonreciprocal lasing;a magnetic material arranged to interact with the topological cavity; andan optical waveguide arranged to receive light extracted from the topological cavity upon breaking of time-reversal symmetry in the topological cavity.2. The laser source of wherein the magnetic material is configured to break the time-reversal symmetry in the topological cavity upon application thereto of an external magnetic field.3. The laser source of wherein the topological cavity is configured to emit light upon being optically pumped.4. The laser source of wherein the topological cavity is configured to emit light upon being electrically pumped.5. The laser source of wherein the topological cavity includes a multiple quantum well (MQW) structure.6. The laser source of wherein the topological cavity includes first and second photonic crystals having topological invariants.7. The laser source of wherein the first and second photonic crystals have a common composition and different lattices.8. The laser source of wherein a boundary between the first and second photonic crystals defines a closed contour.9. The laser source of wherein the optical waveguide is a defect waveguide formed in one of the first and second photonic crystals that is located external to the closed contour.10. The laser source of wherein the multiple quantum well structure includes an InGaAsP quantum well material.11. The laser source of wherein the magnetic material is a garnet-based magnetic material.12. The laser source of wherein the garnet-based magnetic material includes Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG). ...

Method for Manufacturing Optical Device

An active medium piece (), which has been taken out using a nanoprobe (), is processed so as to match the shape of a nanoslot (), and thus an active medium small piece () that is smaller than the active medium piece () is formed (a fourth step). For example, irradiation with an ion beam () is performed so that the active medium piece () is shaped (processed) into an active medium small piece () that has a three-dimensional shape suitable for being placed in the nanoslot (). The active medium piece () is processed into the active medium small piece () in the state of being held by the nanoprobe (). 15.-. (canceled)6. An optical device manufacturing method comprising:manufacturing an optical device basic structure that is provided with a nanoslot;manufacturing a layer of an active medium;forming an active medium piece by taking out a portion of the layer using a nanoprobe;processing the active medium piece so as to match a shape of the nanoslot and to form an active medium small piece that is smaller than the active medium piece; andplacing the active medium small piece in the nanoslot.7. The optical device manufacturing method according to claim 6 , wherein active medium particles that are smaller than the nanoslot are dispersed in the layer.8. The optical device manufacturing method according to claim 7 , wherein the active medium particles are ZnS claim 7 , ZnSe claim 7 , or diamond nanoparticles that include a luminescent center.9. The optical device manufacturing method according to claim 8 , wherein the luminescent center is a nitrogen impurity or a Si impurity.10. The optical device manufacturing method according to claim 6 , wherein processing the active medium piece comprises irradiating with an ion beam to process the active medium piece so as to form the active medium small piece.11. The optical device manufacturing method according to claim 6 , wherein the optical device basic structure is a photonic crystal cavity claim 6 , and the nanoslot is located at ...

LASER AMPLIFICATION DEVICE

Plural signal beams enter a planar waveguide laser amplifier from different directions to follow different paths therein, which reduces a region not contributing to amplification where no signal beam passes. Plural signal beams follow different paths in the planar waveguide, and a second signal beam utilizes the gain of a portion of the planar waveguide that a first signal beam cannot utilize. By this configuration, a region not contributing to amplification of the signal beams in the planar waveguide laser amplifier can be reduced, causing to efficiently amplify plural signal beams. 1. A laser amplification device comprising:a planar waveguide laser amplifier comprising reflection films on a side face of a planar waveguide on which laser beams are incident and on another side face of the planar waveguide opposite to the side face of the planar waveguide on which the laser beams are incident; anda laser unit to simultaneously input the plural laser beams into the planar waveguide laser amplifier;wherein in the planar waveguide laser amplifier, excitation light is incident on another side face of the planar waveguide on which the reflection films are not provided, and the laser beams reflected by the reflection films are amplified and outputted.2. The laser amplification device according to claim 1 , wherein the laser unit inputs claim 1 , into the planar waveguide laser amplifier claim 1 , the plural laser beams at different angles thereto or from different side faces thereof.3. The laser amplification device according to claim 1 , wherein the laser unit produces the plural laser beams by dividing claim 1 , with a splitter claim 1 , a laser beam outputted from a single signal beam laser.4. The laser amplification device according to claim 3 , wherein the laser unit is provided with a half-wave plate into which one of the plural laser beams that the splitter produces by dividing is inputted.5. The laser amplification device according to claim 1 , wherein the plural ...

Laser system with mechanically-robust monolithic fused planar waveguide (pwg) structure

An apparatus includes a PWG having a core region and a cladding layer. The amplifier is configured to receive pump light. The core region is configured to amplify an input beam using energy from the pump light to generate an amplified output beam. The apparatus also includes a cooling fluid configured to cool the core region. The cooling fluid has a lower refractive index than the core region and the cladding layer in order to support guiding of the input beam and pump light within the amplifier. The amplifier also includes first and second endcaps attached to opposite faces of the core region and cladding layer. The core region, cladding layer, and endcaps collectively form a monolithic fused structure. Each endcap has a major outer surface that is larger in area than a combined area of the faces of the core region and cladding layer to which the endcap is attached.

PLANAR WAVEGUIDE LASER APPARATUS

There are provided: a planar waveguide in which claddings () and () each having a smaller refractive index than a laser medium for absorbing pump light () are bonded to an upper surface () and a lower surface () of a core () which is formed from the laser medium; pump light generation sources () and () for emitting pump light () to side surfaces () and () of the core (); and laser light high reflection films () and () formed on side surfaces () and () of the core (). Each of side surfaces () and () of the cladding () corresponding to the side surfaces () and () of the core () has a ridge structure () in which a part thereof is recessed. 1. A planar waveguide laser apparatus comprising:a planar waveguide comprising a core formed from a laser medium for absorbing pump light and claddings bonded to an upper surface and a lower surface of the core, each cladding having a smaller refractive index than the laser medium;a pump light generation source for emitting the pump light to a side surface of the core; andlaser light reflection films formed on, out of four side surfaces of the core, two opposite side surfaces that are different from the side surface to which the pump light is emitted by the pump light generation source, whereina structure of at least one side surface of two opposite side surfaces, out of four side surfaces of the planar waveguide, that are different from the side surface to which the pump light is emitted by the pump light generation source, the at least one side surface including at least one cladding surface and a core surface, and the structure of the at least one side surface is a ridge structure in which a part of the at least one side surface is recessed.2. The planar waveguide laser apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the ridge structure is a structure in which a part of the at least one cladding surface is recessed.3. The planar waveguide laser apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the ridge structure is a structure in which a part of ...

AMPLIFICATION WAVEGUIDE DEVICE AND AMPLIFICATION BEAM STEERING APPARATUS INCLUDING THE SAME

An amplification waveguide device and an amplification beam steering apparatus are provided. The amplification beam steering apparatus includes a beam steerer configured to control emission directions of light beams output therefrom, a plurality of waveguides configured to guide the light beams output from the beam steerer, and a light amplifier configured to amplify the light beams traveling through the plurality of waveguides. 1. An amplification beam steering apparatus comprising:a beam steerer configured to control emission directions of light beams output therefrom;a plurality of waveguides configured to guide the light beams output from the beam steerer; anda light amplifier configured to amplify the light beams output from the beam steerer and traveling through the plurality of waveguides,wherein an interval of output ports of the plurality of waveguides is wider than an interval of input ports of the plurality of waveguides such that output directions of light are adjusted at various angles.2. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the light amplifier comprises a semiconductor optical amplifier or an ion-doped amplifier.3. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of waveguides comprises a first clad layer claim 1 , a second clad layer claim 1 , and a core layer disposed between the first clad layer and the second clad layer claim 1 , andwherein a refractive index of the core layer is higher than refractive indices of the first clad layer and the second clad layer.4. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 3 , wherein at least one of the core layer claim 3 , the first clad layer and the second clad layer is doped with doping ions comprising erbium (Er).5. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a coupler configured to couple the light beams from the beam steerer claim 1 , such that light beams output from the coupler are incident on the light ...

Semiconductor Laser Diode

A semiconductor laser diode is disclosed. In an embodiment a semiconductor laser diode includes a first resonator and a second resonator, the first and second resonators having parallel resonator directions along a longitudinal direction and being monolithically integrated into the semiconductor laser diode, wherein the first resonator includes at least a part of a semiconductor layer sequence having an active layer and an active region configured to be electrically pumped to generate a first light, wherein the longitudinal direction is parallel to a main extension plane of the active layer, and wherein the second resonator has an active region with a laser-active material configured to be optically pumped by at least a part of the first light to produce a second light which is partially emitted outwards from the second resonator. 117-. (canceled)18. A semiconductor laser diode comprising:a first resonator; anda second resonator,wherein the first and second resonators have parallel resonator directions along a longitudinal direction and are monolithically integrated into the semiconductor laser diode,wherein the first resonator comprises at least a part of a semiconductor layer sequence comprising an active layer and an active region configured to be electrically pumped and to generate a first light,wherein the longitudinal direction is parallel to a main extension plane of the active layer,wherein the second resonator has an active region with a laser-active material configured to be optically pumped by at least a part of the first light and configured to produce a second light which is partially emitted outwards from the second resonator,wherein the second resonator is at least part of a growth substrate on which the semiconductor layer sequence of the first resonator has been grown, and/orwherein the first and second resonators are coupled to each other by a connecting layer which at least partially comprises a transparent conductive oxide and/or a patterned ...

PLANAR WAVEGUIDE (PWG) AMPLIFIER-BASED LASER SYSTEM WITH ADAPTIVE OPTIC WAVEFRONT CORRECTION IN LOW-POWER BEAM PATH

A system includes a master oscillator configured to generate a low-power optical beam. The system also includes a planar waveguide (PWG) amplifier configured to amplify the low-power beam into a high-power output optical beam, where the PWG amplifier has a larger dimension in an unguided direction and a smaller dimension in a transverse guided direction. The system further includes an adaptive optic configured to pre-distort the low-power optical beam substantially along a single dimension prior to injection of the low-power optical beam into the PWG amplifier in order to compensate for thermal-based distortions created by the PWG amplifier. The single dimension represents the unguided direction. In addition, the system includes a feedback loop configured to control the adaptive optic. 1. A system comprising:a master oscillator configured to generate a low-power optical beam;a planar waveguide (PWG) amplifier configured to amplify the low-power beam into a high-power output optical beam, the PWG amplifier having a larger dimension in an unguided direction and a smaller dimension in a transverse guided direction;an adaptive optic configured to pre-distort the low-power optical beam substantially along a single dimension prior to injection of the low-power optical beam into the PWG amplifier in order to compensate for thermal-based distortions created by the PWG amplifier, the single dimension representing the unguided direction; anda feedback loop configured to control the adaptive optic, the feedback loop comprising a laser controller configured to provide corrective commands to the adaptive optic in the single dimension.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the adaptive optic is located in an optical path of the low-power optical beam between the master oscillator and the PWG amplifier.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the adaptive optic comprises at least one of: a deformable mirror claim 1 , an optical phased array claim 1 , and a spatial light modulator.4. The ...

AMPLIFICATION WAVEGUIDE DEVICE AND AMPLIFICATION BEAM STEERING APPARATUS INCLUDING THE SAME

An amplification waveguide device and an amplification beam steering apparatus are provided. The amplification beam steering apparatus includes a beam steerer configured to control emission directions of light beams output therefrom, a plurality of waveguides configured to guide the light beams output from the beam steerer, and a light amplifier configured to amplify the light beams traveling through the plurality of waveguides. 1. An amplification beam steering apparatus comprising:a beam steerer configured to control emission directions of light beams output therefrom;a plurality of waveguides configured to guide the light beams output from the beam steerer; anda light amplifier configured to amplify the light beams traveling through the plurality of waveguides.2. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the light amplifier comprises a semiconductor optical amplifier or an ion-doped amplifier.3. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of waveguides comprises a core layer and at least one clad layer claim 1 , and at least one of the core layer and the at least one clad layer is doped with doping ions.4. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the doping ions comprise erbium (Er).5. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a coupler configured to couple light beams from the beam steerer.6. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the coupler comprises at least one of a collimating lens claim 5 , an optical fiber claim 5 , and a grating.7. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 5 , wherein each of the plurality of waveguides comprises a groove configured to receive the coupler.8. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the light amplifier comprises a first conductive layer claim 1 , a III-V family or II-VI family compound semiconductor layer claim 1 , and a second conductive layer.9. The ...

Planar waveguide

Disclosed is a planar waveguide including: a core (11) which is a flat plate through which light propagates; a cladding (12) which is a flat plate for reflecting the light in a state of being joined to an upper surface of the core (11); and a cladding (13) which is a flat plate for reflecting the light in a state of being joined to a lower surface of the core (11), in which each of the claddings (12) and (13) is a multilayer film in which multiple films made from different materials are layered. As a result, a material having a low index of refraction can be used as the material of the core (11), and the limit on materials usable as the material of the core (11) is relaxed.

Planar waveguides with enhanced support and/or cooling features for high-power laser systems

This disclosure provides planar waveguides with enhanced support and/or cooling. One or more endcaps could be disposed between coating/cladding layers at one or more ends of a core region, where the core region is doped with at least one active ion species and each endcap is not doped with any active ion species that creates substantial absorption at pump and signal wavelengths. A core region could include at least one crystal or crystalline material, and at least one cladding layer could include at least one glass. Different types of coolers could be disposed on or adjacent to different coating/cladding layers. Side claddings could be disposed on opposite sides of a planar waveguide, where the opposite sides represent longer sides of the waveguide. Endcaps and one or more coolers could be sealed to a housing, and coolant can flow through a substantially linear passageway along a length of the waveguide. One side of a planar waveguide could be uncooled.

LAYERED GLASS STRUCTURES

Layered glass structures and fabrication methods are described. The methods include depositing soot on a dense glass substrate to form a composite structure and sintering the composite structure to form a layered glass structure. The dense glass substrate may be derived from an optical fiber preform that has been modified to include a planar surface. The composite structure may include one or more soot layers. The layered glass structure may be formed by combining multiple composite structures to form a stack, followed by sintering and fusing the stack. The layered glass structure may further be heated to softening and drawn to control linear dimensions. The layered glass structure or drawn layered glass structure may be configured as a planar waveguide. 1. A method for making a planar layered glass structure comprising:forming a composite structure, said composite structure including a first soot layer on a dense glass substrate, said first soot layer having a thickness of at least 100 μm;preparing a layered glass structure from said composite structure, said preparing including consolidating said first soot layer; anddrawing said layered glass structure along a direction of drawing to form a drawn layered glass structure, said drawn layered glass structure having a first dimension in said direction of drawing and a second dimension in a direction transverse to said direction of drawing, the ratio of said first dimension to said second dimension being at least 3.0, said consolidated first soot layer having a thickness in said drawn layered glass structure of at least 10 μm.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first soot layer has a thickness of at least 1 mm.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first soot layer has a thickness in the range from 150 μm to 4 mm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said dense glass substrate is formed from an optical fiber preform.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said dense glass substrate includes a rounded surface and a planar ...

PHOTONIC DEVICES AND METHODS OF USING AND MAKING PHOTONIC DEVICES

Examples of the present invention include integrated erbium-doped waveguide lasers designed for silicon photonic systems. In some examples, these lasers include laser cavities defined by distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) formed in silicon nitride-based waveguides. These DBRs may include grating features defined by wafer-scale immersion lithography, with an upper layer of erbium-doped aluminum oxide deposited as the final step in the fabrication process. The resulting inverted ridge-waveguide yields high optical intensity overlap with the active medium for both the 980 nm pump (89%) and 1.5 μm laser (87%) wavelengths with a pump-laser intensity overlap of over 93%. The output powers can be 5 mW or higher and show lasing at widely-spaced wavelengths within both the C- and L-bands of the erbium gain spectrum (1536, 1561 and 1596 nm). 1. A method of making a photonic device , the method comprising:(A) depositing dielectric material having a first refractive index on a substrate to form a dielectric layer having an upper surface;(B) forming at least one dielectric strip having a second refractive index greater than the first refractive index within the dielectric layer about 0 nm to about 500 nm from the upper surface; and(C) depositing gain material having a third refractive index greater than the first refractive index on at least a portion of the upper surface of the dielectric layer over the at least one dielectric strip to form a gain layer configured to guide an optical pump beam and an optical signal beam along a longitudinal axis of the at least one dielectric strip.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein (B) comprises:(B1) forming at least one trench in the dielectric layer; and(B2) depositing silicon nitride in the at least one trench so as to form the at least one dielectric strip; and(B3) depositing silicon dioxide on the at least one dielectric strip.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein (C) comprises depositing AlO:Er on the second dielectric layer.4. The method ...

Directional semiconductor waveguide coupler

An optical, directional coupler has a first input, a second input, a first output, and a second output. The coupler is made with a shoulder disposed on a substrate and a first ridge and a second ridge disposed on the shoulder. The first ridge extends from the first input to the first output. The second ridge extends from the second input to the second output. The shoulder, the first ridge, and the second ridge taper to provide coupling and are modified to select a coupling ratio.

DISTRIBUTED FEEDBACK LASER

A distributed feedback laser, including: an output end including an active region including a grating including a λ/4 phase-shift region; and a non-output end including a reflecting region including a grating with uniform period. The length of the active region is smaller than or equal to 200 μm. The end facet of the output end of the laser is coated with an anti-reflection film. 1. A distributed feedback laser , comprising:an output end comprising an active region, the active region comprising a first grating, and the first grating comprising a λ/4 phase-shift region; anda non-output end comprising a reflecting region, the reflecting region comprising a second grating having a uniform period;whereina length of the active region is smaller than or equal to 200 μm; andan end facet of the output end of the laser is coated with an anti-reflection film.3. The laser of claim 2 , wherein the series number of the second grating is m=1.4. The laser of claim 1 , wherein a waveguide of the reflecting region and a waveguide of the active region adopt same core layer structures; and a waveguide core layer of the reflecting region adopts active quantum well materials.5. The laser of claim 1 , wherein a length of the reflecting region is regulated by self-definition according to a required reflectivity; the length of the reflecting region and a reflectivity of the reflecting region are in positive correlation; and a maximum reflectivity of the reflecting region exceeds 80%.6. The laser of claim 2 , wherein a length of the reflecting region is regulated by self-definition according to a required reflectivity; the length of the reflecting region and a reflectivity of the reflecting region are in positive correlation; and a maximum reflectivity of the reflecting region exceeds 80%.7. The laser of claim 1 , wherein a coupling coefficient of the second grating of the reflecting region is regulated by self-definition according to a required reflectivity; the coupling coefficient of the ...

DUAL-FUNCTION OPTICAL BENCH AND COOLING MANIFOLD FOR HIGH-POWER LASER SYSTEM

A system includes a laser system having a master oscillator and a planar waveguide (PWG) amplifier having one or more laser diode pump arrays, a pumphead, input optics, and output optics. The system also includes an optical bench and cooling manifold coupled to the pumphead. The optical bench and cooling manifold is configured to provide coolant to the one or more laser diode pump arrays and the pumphead through the optical bench and cooling manifold. The optical bench and cooling manifold is also configured to partially deform during operation of the laser system. A housing of the pumphead is coupled to the input and output optics to maintain optical alignment of the pumphead with the input and output optics. 1. A system comprising:a laser system comprising a master oscillator and a planar waveguide (PWG) amplifier comprising one or more laser diode pump arrays, a pumphead, input optics, and output optics; andan optical bench and cooling manifold coupled to the pumphead;wherein the optical bench and cooling manifold is configured to provide coolant to the one or more laser diode pump arrays and the pumphead through the optical bench and cooling manifold;wherein a baseplate of the optical bench and cooling manifold is configured to partially deform during operation of the laser system; andwherein a housing of the pumphead is coupled to the input and output optics to maintain optical alignment of the pumphead with the input and output optics.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the optical bench and cooling manifold is configured such that thermal stresses in the optical bench and cooling manifold arising from changes in temperature of the coolant as the coolant flows through the optical bench and cooling manifold are substantially balanced in order to maintain linear and angular alignment between critical components of the laser system along first axes of the laser system claim 1 , wherein the critical components are the input and output optics.3. The system of claim ...

INTEGRATED PUMPLIGHT HOMOGENIZER AND SIGNAL INJECTOR FOR HIGH-POWER LASER SYSTEM

A system includes a master oscillator configured to generate a low-power optical beam. The system also includes a planar waveguide (PWG) amplifier having one or more laser diode pump arrays, a planar waveguide, and a light pipe. The one or more laser diode pump arrays are configured to generate pumplight. The planar waveguide is configured to generate a high-power optical beam using the low-power optical beam and the pumplight. The light pipe is configured to substantially homogenize the pumplight and to inject the homogenized pumplight into the planar waveguide. The light pipe is also configured to inject the low-power optical beam into the planar waveguide. 1. A system comprising:a master oscillator configured to generate a first optical beam; and one or more laser diode pump arrays configured to generate pumplight;', 'a planar waveguide configured to generate a second optical beam using the first optical beam and the pumplight; and', 'a light pipe configured to substantially homogenize the pumplight and to inject the homogenized pumplight into the planar waveguide, the light pipe also configured to inject the first optical beam into the planar waveguide;, 'a planar waveguide (PWG) amplifier comprisingwherein the second optical beam has a higher power than the first optical beam.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the light pipe forms a pumplight aperture and a first optical beam aperture that are aligned with the planar waveguide.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the light pipe comprises:a core comprising a first optic configured to guide the pumplight along a guiding axis, the first optic configured to deliver the pumplight substantially homogenized into the planar waveguide.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the light pipe further comprises:a cladding comprising a second optic having a reflective surface, the reflective surface configured to reflect the first optical beam into the planar waveguide.5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the light pipe further ...

Diamond-Based High-Stability Optical Devices for Precision Frequency and Time Generation

Chip technology for fabricating ultra-low-noise, high-stability optical devices for use in an optical atomic clock system. The proposed chip technology uses diamond material to form stabilized lasers, frequency references, and passive laser cavity structures. By utilizing the exceptional thermal conductivity of diamond and other optical and dielectric properties, a specific temperature range of operation is proposed that allows significant reduction of the total energy required to generate and maintain an ultra-stable laser. In each configuration, the diamond-based chip is cooled by a cryogenic cooler containing liquid nitrogen. 1. An optical resonator comprising:a spacer made of diamond and having a bore with openings at first and second surfaces of the spacer;a first mirror substrate made of diamond having a surface fusion bonded to the first surface of the spacer;a second mirror substrate made of diamond having a surface fusion bonded to the second surface of the spacer;a first mirror deposited on the surface of the first mirror substrate and positioned to cover the opening in the first surface of the spacer; anda second mirror deposited on the surface of the second mirror substrate and positioned to cover the opening in the second surface of the spacer,wherein the first and second mirrors are partially transmissive and parallel to each other to form a high-finesse Fabry-Pérot interferometer.2. The optical resonator as recited in claim 1 , wherein:the first mirror is bonded to the first surface of the spacer; andthe second mirror is bonded to the second surface of the spacer.3. The optical resonator as recited in claim 1 , wherein the diamond has a crystalline structure formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD).4. The optical resonator as recited in claim 3 , wherein the spacer comprises a plurality of wafers fusion bonded across {001} surfaces.5. The optical resonator as recited in claim 3 , wherein the surfaces of the first and second mirror substrates on which ...

A surface refractive index scanning system and method

The invention relates to a surface refractive index scanning system for characterization of a sample. The system comprises a grating device for holding or receiving the sample, the device comprising at least a first grating region having a first grating width along a transverse direction, and a second grating region having a second grating width in the transverse direction. The first grating region and the second grating region are adjacent in the transverse direction, wherein the first grating region has a grating period Λ 1 in a longitudinal direction, and the second grating region has a grating period Λ 2 in the longitudinal direction, where the longitudinal direction is orthogonal to the transverse direction. A grating period spacing ΔΛ=Λ 1 -Λ 2 is finite. Further, the first and second grating periods are chosen to provide optical resonances for light respectively in a first wavelength band and a second wavelength band, light is being emitted, transmitted, or reflected in an out-of-plane direction, wherein the first wavelength band and the second wavelength band are at least partially non-overlapping in wavelength. The system further comprises a light source for illuminating at least a part of the grating device with light at an illumination wavelength band. Additionally, the system comprises an imaging system for imaging the emitted, transmitted or reflected light from the grating device. The imaging system comprises an optical element, such as a cylindrical lens or a bended mirror, configured for focusing light in a transverse direction and for being invariant in an orthogonal transverse direction, the optical element being oriented such that the longitudinal direction of the grating device is oriented to coincide with the invariant direction of the optical element, and an imaging spectrometer comprising an entrance slit having a longitudinal direction oriented to coincide with the invariant direction of the optical element. The imaging spectrometer further ...

PLASMONIC LASER

Embodiments of the invention relate to a plasmonic laser including a substrate and a coaxial plasmonic cavity formed on the substrate and adapted to facilitate a plasmonic mode. The plasmonic laser further includes an electrical pumping circuit configured to electrically pump the plasmonic laser. The coaxial plasmonic cavity includes a peripheral plasmonic ring structure, a central plasmonic core and a gain structure arranged between the peripheral plasmonic ring structure and the central plasmonic core. The gain structure includes one or more ring-shaped quantum wells as gain material. The one or more ring-shaped quantum wells have a surface that is aligned orthogonal to a surface of the substrate. The electrical pumping circuit is configured to pump the plasmonic laser via the peripheral plasmonic ring structure and the central plasmonic core. 1. A plasmonic laser comprising:a substrate;a coaxial plasmonic cavity formed on the substrate and adapted to facilitate a plasmonic mode; andan electrical pumping circuit configured to electrically pump the plasmonic laser; a peripheral plasmonic ring structure;', 'a central plasmonic core; and', 'a gain structure being arranged between the peripheral plasmonic ring structure and the central plasmonic core, the gain structure comprising one or more radial quantum wells as gain material, the one or more radial quantum wells having a surface that is aligned orthogonal to a surface of the substrate; and, 'wherein the coaxial plasmonic cavity compriseswherein the electrical pumping circuit is configured to pump the plasmonic laser via the peripheral plasmonic ring structure and the central plasmonic core.2. A plasmonic laser as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the gain structure comprises a doping profile adapted to form a pin-structure.3. A plasmonic laser as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the peripheral plasmonic ring structure and the central plasmonic core are configured to facilitate the excitation and sustention of surface ...

BRILLOUIN GAIN SPECTRAL POSITION CONTROL OF CLADDINGS FOR TUNING ACOUSTO-OPTIC WAVEGUIDES

A method of fabricating an acousto-optic waveguide that includes a waveguide cladding surrounding an optical core is disclosed. The method comprises providing a wafer substrate; depositing an initial amount of a first material over an upper surface of the wafer substrate to form a partial cladding layer; depositing a second material over the partial cladding layer to form an optical layer; removing portions of the second material of the optical layer to expose portions of the partial cladding layer and form an optical core comprising the remaining second material; and depositing an additional amount of the first material over the optical core and the exposed portions of the partial cladding layer to form a full cladding layer that surrounds the optical core. A relative concentration of components of the first material is adjusted to provide Brillouin gain spectral position control of the waveguide cladding to tune the acousto-optic waveguide. 1. A method of fabricating an acousto-optic waveguide that includes a waveguide cladding surrounding an optical core , the method comprising:providing a wafer substrate having an upper surface;depositing an initial amount of a first material over the upper surface of the wafer substrate to form a partial cladding layer;depositing a second material over the partial cladding layer to form an optical layer;removing portions of the second material of the optical layer to expose portions of the partial cladding layer and form an optical core structure comprising the remaining second material; anddepositing an additional amount of the first material over the optical core structure and the exposed portions of the partial cladding layer to form a full cladding layer that surrounds the optical core structure;wherein a relative concentration of components of the first material is adjusted to provide Brillouin gain spectral position control of the waveguide cladding to tune the acousto-optic waveguide.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein ...

FLAT WAVEGUIDE-TYPE LASER DEVICE

A configuration is provided with a laser medium of a refractive index nc that is an isotropic medium and includes an upper surface and a lower surface, where at least one of the upper surface and the lower surface is bonded with a cladding having a refractive index satisfying a relationship of no Подробнее

WAVEGUIDE AMPLIFICATION SWITCH

An apparatus includes a polymer waveguide having a doped region, with amplifying dopant, separating a first un-doped region and a second un-doped region. The doped region being doped with an amplifying dopant. An optical pump source illuminates the doped region to allow light to transmit from the first un-doped region to the second un-doped region. 1. An apparatus comprising:a polymer waveguide having a doped region separating a first un-doped region and a second un-doped region, the doped region being doped with an amplifying dopant the first un-doped region having a first height and a first width and a second un-doped region having a second height and a second width, the second width being less than the first width; andan optical pump source to pump the doped region and allow light to transmit from the first un-doped region to the second un-doped region when the optical pump illuminates the doped region and to not allow light to transmit from the first un-doped region to the second un-doped region when the optical pump does not illuminate the doped region.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the doped region has the second width.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second width is 50% or less the first width.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second width is 25% or less the first width.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first un-doped region transmits a multimode signal and the second un-doped region transmits a less than the multimode signal.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the doped or second un-doped waveguide region comprises a curved segment.7. An apparatus comprising:a polymer waveguide having a primary waveguide segment and a plurality of secondary waveguide segments branching from the primary waveguide segment, each secondary waveguide segment comprises a doped region separating a first un-doped region and a second un-doped region, each doped region being doped with an amplifying dopant; andone or more optical pump sources to pump ...

RING LASER OPTICAL SYSTEM

An optical system includes an output waveguide to propagate an optical output signal and a plurality of ring laser systems. Each of the plurality of ring laser systems includes a ring laser to generate a ring laser optical signal and a local waveguide. The ring laser can be optically coupled to the output waveguide to provide a first portion of the ring laser optical signal on the output waveguide as part of the optical output signal, and can be optically coupled to the local waveguide to provide a second portion of the ring laser optical signal on the local waveguide. Each of the plurality of ring laser systems can be to control a phase of the second portion of the ring laser optical signal to provide constructive interference with the ring laser optical signal at an optical coupling of the ring laser and the local waveguide. 1. An optical system comprising:an output waveguide to propagate an optical output signal; anda plurality of ring laser systems, each of the plurality of ring laser systems comprising a ring laser to generate a ring laser optical signal and a local waveguide, the ring laser being optically coupled to the output waveguide to provide a first portion of the ring laser optical signal on the output waveguide as part of the optical output signal and being optically coupled to the local waveguide to provide a second portion of the ring laser optical signal on the local waveguide, each of the plurality of ring laser systems is to control a phase of the second portion of the ring laser optical signal to provide constructive interference with the ring laser optical signal at an optical coupling of the ring laser and the local waveguide.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of ring laser systems further comprises:a phase tuning element that is to adjust a refractive index of a portion of the local waveguide in response to a control signal to control the phase of the second portion of the ring laser optical signal; anda photodetector to ...

LASER DEVICE

Disclosed is a laser device. The laser device includes a substrate, a pump light source which is disposed on the substrate and provided with a light emitting layer configured to generate pump light, and an upper waveguide which is disposed above the pump light source in a first direction and provided with an upper resonator configured to allow laser light to be generated and resonate by using the pump light. 1. A laser device comprising:a substrate;a pump light source which is disposed on the substrate and has a light emitting layer configured to generate pump light; andan upper waveguide which is disposed above the light emitting layer in a first direction and has an upper resonator configured to allow laser light to be generated and resonate using the pump light.2. The laser device of claim 1 , wherein the light emitting layer comprises graphene or metal chalcogenide.3. The laser device of claim 1 , wherein the pump light source further comprises upper electrodes which are disposed on both side walls of the light emitting layer outside the upper waveguide.4. The laser device of claim 1 , wherein the pump light source further comprises a lower electrode between the light emitting layer and the substrate.5. The laser device of claim 1 , further comprising first lower waveguides which are disposed between the substrate and the upper waveguide outside the light emitting layer and extend in the first direction.6. The laser device of claim 1 , further comprising a second lower waveguide which comprises a lower resonator disposed between the light emitting layer and the substrate and extends in the first direction.7. The laser device of claim 6 , wherein the lower resonator comprises:a lower resonance hole;a first lower mirror hole disposed on one side of the lower resonance hole; anda second lower mirror hole disposed on the other side of the lower resonance hole.8. The laser device of claim 7 , wherein the upper resonator comprises:an upper resonance hole which is ...

DEVICES WITH QUANTUM DOTS

An example method of manufacturing a semiconductor device. A first wafer may be provided that includes a first layer that contains quantum dots. A second wafer may be provided that includes a buried dielectric layer and a second layer on the buried dielectric layer. An interface layer may be formed on at least one of the first layer and the second layer, where the interface layer may be an insulator, a transparent electrical conductor, or a polymer. The first wafer may be bonded to the second wafer by way of the interface layer. 1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device , comprising:providing a first wafer that includes a first layer that contains quantum dots;providing a second wafer that includes a buried dielectric layer and a second layer on the buried dielectric layer;forming an interface layer on at least one of the first layer and the second layer; andbonding the first wafer to the second wafer by way of the interface layer,wherein the interface layer is one of: an insulator, a transparent electrical conductor, and a polymer.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:forming a laser in the bonded first and second wafers by forming metallic contacts in proximity to a region of the first layer that contains the quantum dots such that electrical carriers are injectable from the metallic contacts into the region to cause the quantum dots to emit light.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:prior to the forming of the interface layer, patterning the second layer into a waveguide for the laser.4. The method of claim 1 ,wherein the interface layer is a dielectric material.5. The method of claim 1 ,wherein, upon the bonding of the first wafer to the second wafer, the interface layer completely covers the second layer.6. The method of claim 1 ,wherein the first layer includes an active layer that contains the quantum dots and a cladding layer on the active layer.7. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device claim 1 , comprising:providing a ...

TUNABLE REFLECTORS BASED ON MULTI-CAVITY INTERFERENCE

A reflective structure includes an input/output port and an optical splitter coupled to the input/output port. The optical splitter has a first branch and a second branch. The reflective structure also includes a first resonant cavity optically coupled to the first branch of the optical splitter. The first resonant cavity comprises a first set of reflectors and a first waveguide region disposed between the first set of reflectors. The reflective structures further includes a second resonant cavity optically coupled to the second branch of the optical splitter. The second resonant cavity comprises a second set of reflectors and a second waveguide region disposed between the second set of reflectors. 1. A reflective structure comprising:an input/output port;an optical splitter coupled to the input/output port, the optical splitter having a first branch and a second branch;a first resonant cavity optically coupled to the first branch of the optical splitter, wherein the first resonant cavity comprises a first set of reflectors and a first waveguide region disposed between the first set of reflectors; anda second resonant cavity optically coupled to the second branch of the optical splitter, wherein the second resonant cavity comprises a second set of reflectors and a second waveguide region disposed between the second set of reflectors.2. The reflective structure of further comprising a phase control section disposed in the first branch of the optical splitter.3. The reflective structure of wherein at least one of the first waveguide region or the second waveguide region comprises a phase control element.4. The reflective structure of wherein the phase control element comprises at least one of a heater or a carrier-based element.5. The reflective structure of wherein the optical splitter comprises a directional coupler.6. The reflective structure of wherein the first set of reflectors and the second set of reflectors comprise modulated waveguide structures.7. The ...

PLASMONIC OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE USING PLASMONIC COUPLING BETWEEN NANO-APERTURE AND NANO-PARTICLE

The present invention relates to a plasmonic optical waveguide using plasmonic coupling between a nano-aperture and a nano-particle. The plasmonic optical waveguide includes the nano-aperture formed with an opening of a nano-scale through which light enters; and a single metal nano-particle arranged at the focal point of the nano-aperture to generate plasmon coupling in association with the light output from the nano-aperture. The plasmonic optical waveguide has an effect of forming a small and strong high-intensity high-density light spot of a sub-wavelength size, in which an amplification rate is increased at the output surface of the nano-particle more than a few hundred times compared with the incident light, since the light is transmitted by plasmon coupling generated between the nano-aperture and the nano-particle.

ARRAY TYPE WAVELENGTH CONVERTING LASER DEVICE

A device includes: at least one laser element with light emitting points to output fundamental waves in a one-dimensional array; a wavelength converting element to carry out wavelength conversion of the incident fundamental waves, and to output wavelength converted light rays; and an output mirror to reflect the fundamental waves, and to transmit the wavelength converted light rays resulting from the wavelength conversion by the wavelength converting element. The wavelength converting element is disposed between the laser element and the output mirror, and the distance between the position of a waist of the fundamental waves output from the laser element and the output mirror is set in accordance with a Talbot condition under which the adjacent light emitting points cause phase synchronization with each other. 1. An array type wavelength converting laser device comprising:at least one laser element with light emitting points, the laser element to output fundamental waves in a one-dimensional array;a wavelength converting element to carry out wavelength conversion of the incident fundamental waves, and to output wavelength converted light rays; andan output mirror to reflect the fundamental waves, and to transmit the wavelength converted light rays resulting from the wavelength conversion by the wavelength converting element, whereinthe wavelength converting element is disposed between the laser element and the output mirror; anda distance between a position of a waist of the fundamental waves output from the laser element and the output mirror is set in accordance with a Talbot condition under which phase synchronization is achieved between the adjacent light emitting points with each other.2. The array type wavelength converting laser device according to claim 1 , wherein the distance is a quarter of a Talbot length.3. The array type wavelength converting laser device according to claim 1 , wherein the wavelength converting element outputs harmonics having an even ...

LASING OUTPUT BASED ON VARYING MODAL INDEX

An example device in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure includes a ring waveguide and bus waveguide. The ring waveguide has a first coupled portion associated with a first modal index, and the bus waveguide includes a second coupled portion associated with a second modal index. The second coupled portion is evanescently coupleable to the first coupled portion. A laser outcoupling and associated lasing output of the device is variable based on varying a difference between the first modal index and the second modal index to vary coupling between the first coupled portion and the second coupled portion, without varying modal indices of non-coupled portions of the ring waveguide and bus waveguide. 1. A device comprising:a ring waveguide having a first coupled portion associated with a first modal index; anda bus waveguide having a second coupled portion, associated with a second modal index, wherein the second coupled portion is evanescently coupleable to the first coupled portion;wherein a laser outcoupling and associated lasing output of the device is variable based on varying a difference between the first modal index and the second modal index to vary coupling between the first coupled portion and the second coupled portion, without varying modal indices of non-coupled portions of the ring waveguide and bus waveguide.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the ring waveguide is to serve as a laser cavity based on resonance of the ring waveguide.3. The device of claim 1 , further comprising an output waveguide coupled to the ring waveguide based on a third coupled portion of the ring waveguide; wherein the bus waveguide is to serve as a laser cavity based on resonance of the bus waveguide; wherein the ring waveguide is passive and is to couple lasing output from the bus waveguide to the output waveguide.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the bus waveguide is a conformal waveguide that is curved corresponding to coupling with the ring waveguide.5. The ...

PLANAR WAVEGUIDE LASER DEVICE

A laser medium is shaped like a plate and has a waveguide structure in a direction of the thickness of a surface thereof perpendicular to the optical axis thereof. A nonlinear material is placed on the optical axis of the laser medium close to the laser medium and has a waveguide structure in the same direction as that of the waveguide structure of the laser medium . A ¼ wavelength plate is placed close to one of surfaces, which are perpendicular to the optical axis, of the nonlinear material , the one being opposite to a surface close to the laser medium 1. A planar waveguide laser device comprising:a laser medium that is shaped like a plate and has a waveguide structure in a direction of a thickness of a surface thereof perpendicular to an optical axis thereof, and that generates a gain for both light rays, of equal wavelength, polarized in directions perpendicular and horizontal to a waveguide of said waveguide structure;a nonlinear material that is placed on the optical axis of said laser medium close to said laser medium and has a waveguide structure in a direction which is same as that of the waveguide structure of said laser medium, and that performs wavelength conversion on said polarized light rays; anda ¼ wavelength plate that is placed close to one of surfaces, which are perpendicular to the optical axis, of said nonlinear material, said one being opposite to a surface close to said laser medium, and that rotates said polarized light rays.2. A planar waveguide laser device comprising:a laser medium that is shaped like a plate and has a waveguide structure in a direction of a thickness of a surface thereof perpendicular to an optical axis thereof, and that generates a gain for both light rays, of equal wavelength, polarized in directions perpendicular and horizontal to a waveguide of said waveguide structure;a nonlinear material that is placed on the optical axis of said laser medium close to said laser medium and has a waveguide structure in a direction ...