УГЛЕРОД-УГЛЕРОДНЫЙ КОМПОЗИТНЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ И СПОСОБ ЕГО ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к созданию фрикционных материалов из уплотненной углеродной пены. В соответствии с изобретением углерод-углеродный материал изготавливают из углеродной пенопластовой заготовки с открытыми порами, полученной из мезофазного пека, которую подвергают углеродному уплотнению с применением одного из процессов CVD, HIP, PIC, VPI, инжекции пека, полимера или же любой их комбинации. За счет использования пенопластовой заготовки, в которой имитирована микроструктура углеродного волокна, полученной при помощи единственной операции вспенивания вместо трудоемкого процесса изготовления материала из углеродного волокна, создан материал с высокими конструкционными характеристиками, стоимость которого значительно меньше стоимости аналогичных волоконных материалов. Полученный комбинированный композиционный материал обладает структурными, термическими и/или трибологическими свойствами и может быть использован в качестве фрикционных материалов, материалов для теплового регулирования или ...

НЕТКАНЫЕ ВОЛОКНИСТЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ И ЭЛЕКТРОДЫ ИЗ НИХ

Настоящее изобретение относится к нетканым волокнистым материалам, которые могут быть использованы в различных электрохимических устройствах, водородных накопителях, устройствах фильтрации, каталитических подложках и т.п. Нетканый волокнистый материал состоит из фрагментов активированного углеродного волокна, среднее характеристическое отношение которых составляет между приблизительно 1 и 5. Технический результат - увеличение эффективности электрических двухслойных конденсаторов. 2 н. и 14 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил.

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ДЛЯ АНТИПРИГАРНОГО ПОКРЫТИЯ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩАЯ АЛМАЗНЫЕ ЧАСТИЦЫ, И ПОДЛОЖКА С НАНЕСЕННОЙ НА НЕЕ КОМПОЗИЦИЕЙ

Заявленная группа изобретений относится к области композиций для антипригарных покрытий и к подложкам, покрытым такими композициями. Техническим результатом заявленной группы изобретений является улучшение прочности и сопротивления износу подложек с покрытием с сохранением хороших антипригарных свойств. Технический результат достигается структурой, включающей подложку и антипригарное покрытие, нанесенное на упомянутую подложку. При этом упомянутое покрытие включает нижний слой и верхний слой, а упомянутый нижний слой включает грунтовочный слой и средний слой. Причем указанный грунтовочный слой сцеплен с упомянутой подложкой и не содержит керамических частиц неорганического упрочнителя для пленки, имеющих средний размер частицы по меньшей мере 14 микрометров. При этом указанный грунтовочный слой включает не содержащее фторполимера связующее, а упомянутый средний слой включает алмазные частицы, и при этом данные алмазные частицы содержатся только в данном среднем слое. 2 н. и 10 з.п. ф-лы ...

ДЕТАЛЬ С DLC ПОКРЫТИЕМ И СПОСОБ НАНЕСЕНИЯ DLC ПОКРЫТИЯ

Изобретение относится к области нанесения алмазоподобных (DLC) покрытий на металлические детали, подвергающиеся в процессе эксплуатации трению. Металлическую деталь травят в СВЧ-плазме и подвергают нанесению WC-C слоя с градиентом состава. При нанесении WC слоя с градиентом состава вначале наносят первый чистый WC слой, за которым наносят слой с постепенно увеличивающимся расходом углеводорода, а затем WC-C слой. Наносят DLC покрытие на WC-C слой, используя СВЧ-плазму. Получаемые покрытия обладают высокой адгезией без необходимости нанесения металлосодержащих адгезионных подслоев, что упрощает технологию нанесения покрытий. 3 н. и 6 з.п. ф-лы, 4 ил., 2 табл.

УГЛЕРОД-УГЛЕРОДНЫЙ КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ И СПОСОБ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЕГО СТОЙКОСТИ К ОКИСЛЕНИЮ

Изобретение относится к получению композиционных материалов, получаемых пропиткой углерод/углеродных материалов, применяемых в областях, где действуют высокие температуры, например для изготовления тормозов для самолетов. Композиционный материал, стойкий к окислению при высоких температурах, представляет собой волокнистый углерод/углеродный или графитоподобный материал, полученный в результате контакта указанного материала с проникающим солевым раствором на основе фосфорной кислоты, который содержит ионы, образовавшиеся из комбинации следующих ингредиентов: 10-80 вес.% вода, 20-70 вес.% H3PO4, 0-25 вес.% MnHPO4·1,6 H2O, 0-30 вес.% Al(H2PO4)3, 0-2 вес.% B2O3, 0-10 вес.% Zn3(PO4)2 и 0,1-25 вес.% моно-, ди- или триосновного фосфата щелочного металла, причем раствор содержит, по меньшей мере, один ингредиент, выбранный из Al(H2PO4)3, MnHPO4·1,6 H2O и Zn3(PO4)2. Изобретение позволяет получать устойчивые к окислению в условиях высоких температур и агрессивного воздействия катализаторов окисления ...

КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ОБЪЕМНЫХ УГЛЕРОДНЫХ НАНОТРУБОК И МЕТАЛЛА И СПОСОБ ИХ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к композиционным материалам на основе углеродных нанотрубок. Композиционный материал на основе объемных углеродных нанотрубок и металла. Композиционный материал на основе объемных углеродных нанотрубок содержит слой объемных углеродных нанотрубок, содержащий множество углеродных нанотрубок, и пленку металла, нанесенную поверх слоя материала из объемных углеродных нанотрубок с возможностью проникновения в пустоты между отдельными углеродными нанотрубками. Изобретение направлено на уменьшение электрического сопротивления между множеством углеродных нанотрубок. 4 н. и 11 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил.

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ДЛЯ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ГРАВИРОВАННОЙ ПЛАСТИНЫ

Изобретение относится, в целом, к области глубокой печати для производства ценных бумаг, в частности банкнот. Система для изготовления гравированной пластины для глубокой печати листов ценных бумаг содержит компьютер и по меньшей мере один гравировальный инструмент, управляемый указанным компьютером в соответствии с запрограммированным процессом гравирования, при этом указанный компьютер запрограммирован для управления указанным гравировальным инструментом в соответствии с трехмерными управляющими пиксельными данными (X, Y, Z) карты эталонной глубины одного упомянутого листа для гравирования негравированной пластины от пикселя к пикселю, при этом карта эталонной глубины формируется на компьютере на основании по меньшей мере одной хранимой в компьютере карты глубины оригинала, состоящей из трехмерного растрового изображения, по меньшей мере, части одной упомянутой ценной бумаги. Техническими результатами изобретения являются сокращение времени обработки и стоимости изготовления пластин методом ...

ЭЛЕМЕНТ СКОЛЬЖЕНИЯ, В ЧАСТНОСТИ, ПОРШНЕВОЕ КОЛЬЦО С НАНЕСЕННЫМ ПОКРЫТИЕМ

Изобретение относится к элементу скольжения, используемому в двигателе внутреннего сгорания, имеющему по меньшей мере на одной поверхности износоустойчивое покрытие. Износоустойчивое покрытие содержит изнутри в направлении наружу адгезионный слой (10), металлосодержащий а-С:Н:Ме DLC-слой (12) и свободный от металла а-С:Н DLC-слой (14, 16), где а-С - аморфный углерод, Н - водород, Me - металл, причем свободный от металла DLC-слой по меньшей мере на отдельных участках легирован азотом. Содержание азота в свободном от металла DLC-слое градуировано с образованием перехода от легированного участка к нелегированному участку и превышает 5 ат.% и/или максимально составляет 40 ат.%. Обеспечивается элемент скольжения, который усовершенствован в отношении сочетания коэффициентов трения и свойств, обеспечивающих износоустойчивость. 15 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 1 пр.

УЛУЧШЕНИЯ КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

Настоящее изобретение относится к препрегам, содержащим волокна и смоляную матрицу, которые при укладывании в стопку и при последующем отверждении образуют композиционные материалы, конкретно с улучшенным сопротивлением разрушению, вызываемому разрядами молнии. Препрег содержит конструкционный слой из скомпонованных однонаправленных проводящих волокон и включает термоотверждающуюся смолу в междоузлиях. Первый внешний слой из смолы включает термоотверждающуюся смолу и является в значительной мере свободным от однонаправленных проводящих волокон, который при отверждении при повышенной температуре дает отвержденный композиционный материал, содержащий отвержденный конструкционный слой из скомпонованных однонаправленных проводящих волокон и первый внешний слой из отвержденной смолы, включающий однонаправленные проводящие волокна, диспергированные в ней. Настоящее изобретение обеспечивает повышение механических свойств, при очень низких плотностях материала, что приводит к расширению области ...

АБРАЗИВЫ С ПОКРЫТИЕМ

Изобретение относится к металлообработке и может быть использовано при изготовлении режущего инструмента с применением сверхтвердого абразива с покрытием. Последний выполнен с сердцевиной из сверхтвердого абразивного материала на основе алмаза или кубического нитрида, бора и с внутренним и внешним слоями. Внутренний слой выполнен из карбида, нитрида, карбонитрида или борида металла и химически связан с наружной поверхностью сверхтвердого абразивного материала. Наружный слой не карбидизирован и выполнен из вольфрама, физически осажденного на внутреннем слое. В результате обеспечивается надежная защита частиц из сверхтвердого абразива, исключающая их контакт с компонентами связки при изготовлении инструмента, что способствует повышению долговечности инструмента и производительности обработки. 6 з.п. ф-лы.

САЖА, ОБРАБОТАННАЯ ПОЛИЭТИЛЕНГЛИКОЛЕМ, И ЕЕ СОЕДИНЕНИЯ, УСТРОЙСТВО, ПРОВОДЯЩЕЕ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСТВО, И ЭКРАН СИЛОВОГО КАБЕЛЯ

Данное изобретение относится к обработанной саже, пригодной для использования в полупроводящих и изолирующих соединениях, например в электрических кабелях, а именно относится к саже, обработанной полиэтиленгликолем, известной также как гомополимер этилен оксида, и к полупроводящим соединениям, включая, например, полиолефин и обработанную сажу. Прямое внесение соединения полиэтиленгликоля в полимерную композицию уменьшает время до 50% отверждения и 90% отверждения (tc(50) и tс(90) соответственно), что снижает время подвулканизации (ts2) полимерного композита, а также снижает вязкость при сохранении объема выхода. 6 с. и 34 з.п.ф-лы, 16 табл., 1 ил.

СПОСОБ ЗАЩИТЫ ЖАРОПРОЧНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ ОТ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ АГРЕССИВНЫХ СРЕД ВЫСОКОСКОРОСТНЫХ ГАЗОВЫХ ПОТОКОВ (ВАРИАНТЫ)

Способ защиты жаропрочных материалов от воздействия агрессивных сред высокоскоростных газовых потоков включает нанесение на поверхность слоя на основе кремния, содержащего в мас.%: 15-40 титана, 5-30 молибдена, 0,1-1,5 иттрия, 0,5-2,5 бора, 0,2-6,0 хрома, 7-10 одного или несколько элементов из VIII группы, либо слоя, на основе кремния содержащего, в мас.%: 15-40 титана, 5-30 молибдена, 0,1-1,5 иттрия, 0,5-2,5 бора, и последующую термообработку при 1300-1600oC. По первому варианту слой может содержать 1,5 мас.% марганца. 2 с. и 1 з.п. ф-лы.

БИОКАРБОН, СПОСОБ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к области получения пленок и может быть использовано в медицине, оптике, микроэлектронике. Биокарбон основан из образующих слои линейных цепочках углерода, ориентированных нормально к поверхности слоя и организованных в гексагональные плотноупакованные структуры с расстоянием между цепочками углерода 4,8 - 5,03 . При этом слои идентичны и статически смещены друг относительно друга. Способ получения биокарбона заключается в том, что осуществляют испарение графита в вакууме, создают компенсированные бестоковые форсгустки углеродной плазмы, формируют поток ионов инертного газа и направляют его перпендикулярно потоку компенсированных бестоковых форсгустков углеродной плазмы с последующей конденсацией углерода в виде образующих слои линейных цепочек углерода, ориентированных нормально к поверхности слоя. Устройство для получения биокарбона содержит вакуумную камеру, внутри которой установлены выполненный из графита катод основного разряда, анод основного разряда, поджигающий ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ИЗДЕЛИЙ ИЗ УГЛЕРОД-КАРБИДОКРЕМНИЕВОГО КОМПОЗИЦИОННОГО МАТЕРИАЛА И УГЛЕРОД-КАРБИДОКРЕМНИЕВЫЙ КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ

Использование: изобретение относится к области углеродкарбидокремниевых конструкционных материалов, работающих в условиях высокого теплового нагружения и окислительной среды и может быть использовано в химической, нефтяной и металлургической промышленности, а также в авиатехнике для создания изделий и элементов конструкций, подвергающихся воздействию агрессивных сред. Сущность изобретения: способ получения изделий из углеродкарбидокремниевого композиционного материала включает изготовление углепластиковых заготовок на основе углеродного волокна и термореактивного связующего, ее термообработку до образования коксовой матрицы, армированной углеродным волокном, насыщение заготовки пироуглеродом и силицирование. Перед силицирование дополнительно проводят термообработку при 1900 - 2000oC для кристаллизации осажденного пироуглерода и образования поровых каналов. Силицирование может проводиться смесью кремния и бора. Полученный материал содержит 30 - 72 мас. % углеродного волокна, 0,5 - 5 мас.

КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ОБЪЕМНЫХ УГЛЕРОДНЫХ НАНОТРУБОК И МЕТАЛЛА И СПОСОБ ИХ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

... 1. Композиционный материал (10) на основе объемных углеродных нанотрубок и металла, содержащий:слой (12) материала из объемных углеродных нанотрубок, содержащий множество углеродных нанотрубок; ипленку (14) металла, нанесенную поверх указанного слоя (12) материала из объемных углеродных нанотрубок, проникающую в пустоты между отдельными углеродными нанотрубками и уменьшающую электрическое сопротивление между указанным множеством углеродных нанотрубок.2. Композиционный материал (10) по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что по меньшей мере часть из указанного множества углеродных нанотрубок представляет собой металлические углеродные нанотрубки.3. Композиционный материал (10) по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что указанное множество углеродных нанотрубок содержит по меньшей мере одну из нанотрубок, выбранных из одностенных углеродных нанотрубок и многостенных углеродных нанотрубок.4. Композиционный материал (10) по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что указанный слой (12) материала из объемных углеродных нанотрубок ...

СОЕДИНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ ДЛЯ ЭЛЕКТРОДОВ ИЗ УГЛЕРОДНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ И СПОСОБ ИХ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

... 1. Соединительные элементы для электродов из углеродных материалов, отличающиеся тем, что они содержат углеродные волокна с активированной окислением поверхностью и дополнительно науглероженным покрытием, причем науглероженное покрытие является продуктом науглероживания покрывающего средства, выбранного из группы: воск, пек, природные смолы, термопластичные и термореактивные полимеры. 2. Соединительные элементы по п.1, отличающиеся тем, что углеродистые волокна имеют модуль упругости от 200 до 250 ГПа. 3. Соединительные элементы по п.1, отличающиеся тем, что имеют коэффициент линейного термического расширения от -0,5 до +0,1 мкм/(К·м) в направлении, параллельном боковой поверхности и от 1,7 до 2,1 мкм/(К·м) в перпендикулярной ему плоскости. 4. Соединительные элементы по п.1, отличающиеся тем, что углеродистые волокна имеют среднюю длину от 0,5 до 40 мм. 5. Соединительные элементы по п.1, отличающиеся тем, что массовая доля углеродных волокон в них составляет от 0,2 до 10%. 6. Соединительные ...

НАНОСТРУКТУРИРОВАННОЕ ПОКРЫТИЕ НЕСУЩЕЙ ОСНОВЫ

... 1. Наноструктуированное покрытие несущей основы, включающее слои аморфного углерода sp-, sp2- и sр3-гибридизированных состояний атомов углерода, отличающееся тем, что покрытие с высороразвитой поверхностью полиэфирной пленочной основы связано слоем sр3-гибридизированного состояния атомов углерода непосредственно, а сверху дополнительно имеет слой металла толщиной 25-250 нм. 2. Наноструктуированное покрытие по п.1, отличающееся тем, что поверхность пленочной основы имеет рифления глубиной 10-30 нм и/или оснащена порами величиной 0,2-6 мкм суммарным объемом 10-60%, при этом 1/5-1/3 часть пор выполнена сквозными.

ГРАФЕНОВЫЕ ЛИСТЫ И СПОСОБЫ ИХ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

... 1. Способ изготовления графенового листа, при этом способ включает:нанесение раствора графена или оксида графита на подложку из вороненой стали;высушивание раствора для формирования листа графена или оксида графена на подложке из вороненой стали.2. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что способ дополнительно включает удаление графенового листа с подложки из вороненой стали.3. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что подложке из вороненой стали и графеновому листу позволяют высохнуть на воздухе в течение до 32 ч.4. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что подложку из вороненой стали с графеновым листом высушивают при помощи инфракрасного излучения.5. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что в ходе сушки к графену прикладывают напряжение смещения.6. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что раствор графена дополнительно включает раствор аммиака.7. Способ по п. 6, отличающийся тем, что аммиак присутствует в концентрации до 1%.8. Способ по п. 7, отличающийся тем, что аммиак присутствует в концентрации в диапазоне ...

ЗАЩИТА ИЗДЕЛИЙ, ИЗГОТОВЛЕННЫХ ИЗ КОМПОЗИТНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

... 1. Способ защиты детали из композитного материала от окисления, включающий нанесение на деталь состава, содержащего смесь, по меньшей мере, одного борида в форме порошка, по меньшей мере, одного термостойкого стекловидного оксида в форме порошка, обладающего способностью к заживлению трещин путем образования стекла, и связующего вещества, содержащего смолу-источник термостойкого керамического материала; и структурирование смолы, отличающийся тем, что основным компонентом порошка борида является диборид титана TiB2, а основным компонентом порошка, по меньшей мере, одного термостойкого оксида является смесь боросиликатов. 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что связующее вещество содержит полимер-источник керамического материала, выбранный из поликарбосиланов, полититанокарбосиланов, полисилазанов, поливинилсиланов и силиконовых смол. 3. Способ по п.2, отличающийся тем, что структурирование осуществляют при температуре, меньшей 400°С. 4. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что на деталь наносят ...

ЗАЩИТНЫЕ СЛОИ ДЛЯ ОПТИЧЕСКИХ ПОКРЫТИЙ

... 1. Способ получения прозрачного изделия, предусматривающий ! предоставление стеклянной подложки, обладающей оптическим покрытием, включающим расположенный дальше всего от подложки однородный наружный слой; и ! формирование на наружном слое препятствующего распространению трещин слоя, имеющего толщину от 2 до 8 нм, в котором ! препятствующий распространению трещин слой является однородным слоем, содержащим материал, выбранный из группы, состоящей из ! Ti, Si, Zn, Sn, In, Zr, Al, Cr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Та и W; ! оксиды Ti, Si, Zn, Sn, In, Zr, Al, Cr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Та и W; ! нитриды Ti, Si, Zn, Sn, In, Zr, Al, Cr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Та и W; и их смесей. ! 2. Способ по п.1, в котором наружный слой содержит нитрид кремния. ! 3. Способ по п.1, в котором формирование предусматривает газофазное осаждение препятствующего распространению трещин слоя на наружном слое. ! 4. Способ по п.1, в котором ! препятствующий распространению трещин слой содержит материал, выбранный из группы, состоящей из TiO2, SiO2, ZnO, SnO2 ...

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ДЛЯ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ГРАВИРОВАННОЙ ПЛАСТИНЫ

... 1. Система для изготовления гравированной пластины для глубокой печати листов ценных бумаг, содержащая компьютер и, по меньшей мере один гравировальный инструмент, управляемый указанным компьютером в соответствии с запрограммированным процессом гравирования, отличающаяся тем, что указанный компьютер запрограммирован для управления указанным гравировальным инструментом в соответствии с трехмерными управляющими пиксельными данными (X, Y, Z) карты эталонной глубины одного упомянутого листа для гравирования не гравированной пластины от пикселя к пикселю, ! при этом карта эталонной глубины формируется на компьютере на основании по меньшей мере одной, хранимой в компьютере, карты глубины оригинала, состоящей из трехмерного растрового изображения, по меньшей мере, части одной упомянутой ценной бумаги. ! 2. Система по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что указанная система запрограммирована для гравирования пластины для глубокой печати или промежуточной пластины для пластины для глубокой печати. ! 3. Система ...

СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ТЕРМООБРАБОТАННОГО ПОКРЫТОГО ИЗДЕЛИЯ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ПОКРЫТИЯ ИЗ АЛМАЗОПОДОБНОГО УГЛЕРОДА (DLC) И ЗАЩИТНОЙ ПЛЕНКИ

... 1. Способ изготовления термообработанного покрытого изделия, включающий: ! термообработку покрытого стеклянного субстрата, причем покрытый стеклянный субстрат включает перед термообработкой стеклянный субстрат, слой, включающий алмазоподобный углерод (DLC) на стеклянном субстрате, и защитную пленку на стеклянном субстрате поверх, по меньшей мере, слоя, включающего DLC, в котором защитная пленка включает снимаемый слой, содержащий оксид цинка, препятствующий кислороду слой, содержащий нитрид алюминия и верхний покровный защитный слой; ! в процессе указанной термообработки покрытого стеклянного субстрата со слоем, включающим DLC, и защитной пленкой на нем, защитная пленка предотвращает значительное сгорание слоя, включающего DLC, и в котором термообработка включает нагревание стеклянного субстрата до температуры(ур), достаточной для термической закалки, теплового упрочнения и/или теплового изгиба; и ! подвергание защитной пленки воздействию снимающей жидкости и удаление, по меньшей мере, ...

СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ИЗДЕЛИЯ С ПОКРЫТИЕМ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИЙ ИОННО-ЛУЧЕВУЮ ОБРАБОТКУ МЕТАЛЛОКСИДНОЙ ЗАЩИТНОЙ ПЛЕНКИ

... 1. Способ изготовления термообработанного изделия с покрытием, включающий: ! обеспечение стеклянной основы; ! формирование на этой стеклянной основе, по меньшей мере, одного слоя, содержащего алмазоподобный углерод (DLC); ! формирование на стеклянной основе поверх, по меньшей мере, одного слоя, содержащего DLC, защитной пленки, содержащей оксид цинка; ! ионно-лучевую обработку защитной пленки, содержащей оксид цинка, по меньшей мере, ионами углерода; ! термообработку стеклянной основы со слоем, содержащим DLC, и защитной пленкой поверх него так, что во время термообработки защитная пленка предотвращает заметное выгорание слоя, содержащего DLC, при этом термообработка включает нагревание стеклянной основы до температуры, достаточной для закалки, термического упрочнения и/или термического изгибания; ! воздействие на защитную пленку разделительной жидкостью и удаление, по меньшей мере, части защитной пленки во время и/или после указанной термообработки. ! 2. Способ по п.1, в котором в результате ...

Электролюминесцентная структура

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON GEGENSTÄNDEN AUS KOHLENSTOFFSILIZIUMKARBID-VERBUNDWERKSTOFF, UND KOHLENSTOFF-SILIZIUMKARBID-VERBUNDWERKSTOFF

MAGNETAUFZEICHNUNGSMEDIUM

Kohlekörper mit gespritzter Metallschicht

Mit hartem Kohlenstoff beschichtetes Material

TRAEGER FUER DREH-ANTIKATHODE VON ROENTGENROEHREN.

VERBUNDMATERIAL MIT SCHUTZUEBERZUG UND VERFAHREN ZU SEINER HERSTELLUNG

SPOT-WELDABLE LIGHTWEIGHT COMPOSITE MATERIAL

GLEITELEMENT MIT HOHEM REIBUNGSKOEFFIZIENTEN

Lösliche Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhren

DICHTUNGSMATERIAL UND DARAUS HERGESTELLTE DICHTUNG.

DIAMANTAEHNLICHE NANOKOMPOSIT-ZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN

WERKZEUG ZUR SPANABHEBENDEN BEARBEITUNG VON WERKSTÜCKEN

VERBUNDMATERIAL ZUR ABSCHIRMUNG ELEKTROMAGNETISCHER STRAHLUNG

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINES SILAZANPOLYMEREN

HOCHTETRAEDRISCHE AMORPHE KOHLENSTOFFFILME AUF GLAS

BESCHICHTETER NUT- ODER ABSTECHEINSATZ

Hochtetraedrische amorphe Kohlenstofffilme auf Glas

Hochtetraedrische amorphe Kohlenstofffilme auf Glas

Transparente, elektroleitfähige Folie und Tastkontakt

Oxidations- und korrosionsbeständige flexible Graphitverbundlager und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

Oberflächenbehandeltes Stahlblech mit niedrigem Kontaktwiderstand und Verbindungsanschlußmaterial, das dasselbe verwendet

REINFORCED FIBRE PRODUCTS AND PROCESS OF MAKING

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON DIAMANTBESCHICHTETEN VERBUNDWERKSTOFFEN

SZINTILLATORPANEEL UND STRAHLUNGSBILDSENSOR

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kohleschichtwiderstands

SUPERFEINES WOLFRAMTEILCHEN UND VERFAHREN ZU DESSEN HERSTELLUNG

KOHLENSTOFF-NANORÖHREN-WACHSTUMSVERFAHREN

Mit Diamant beschichtetes Schneidwerkzeug und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Belaege fuer Sportanlagen

Formmaterial für Brennstoffzellenseparator und Herstellungsverfahren

VERBESSERTE STÜTZSTRUKTUR ZUR RADIATIVEN WÄRMEÜBERTRAGUNG

Kornorientiertes Elektroblech mit einer elektrisch isolierenden Beschichtung

Kornorientiertes Elektroblech mit einer elektrisch isolierenden, harten Beschichtung aus einem amorphen Kohlenstoff-Wasserstoff-Netzwerk.

Methods of making and attaching tsp material for forming cutting elements, cutting elements having such tsp material and bits incorporating such cutting

Cvd diamond in wear applications

Sliding member

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PARTICLES HAVING A GRAPHITE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

... 1416573 Carbon particles from pitch and bodies formed therefrom AGENCY OF INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 5 April 1973 [29 June 1972 (2)] 16378/73 Heading C1A Carbon particles are obtained by heating a pitch at 300‹ to 500‹ C. for a time sufficient to form optically anisotropic spherules, removing to below 10% by weight of the remaining non-spherulitic pitch by extraction with an organic solvent, and then carbonizing the spherules in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. If desired the spherules may be graphitized, e.g. by heating above 1500‹ C. If the pitch contains no free carbon then substantially pure graphitic carbon particles are obtained. If free carbon, e.g. carbon black, is present in the pitch then spherules and subsequently particles coated with an optically isotropic carbon are obtained. High density isotropic bodies may be produced by moulding the uncoated or the coated spherules, optionally with a binder, before carbonizing the moulded products. Quinoline is the preferred organic solvent ...

Coated carbonaceous articles and method for making same

Non-uniform diamond diaphragm

A method for fabricating a diamond diaphragm is provided, wherein a non-homogeneous energy distribution, generated by a hot wire, plasma, or flame 20, for activating and dissociating gas is provided to pass above a mould 10. Due to different distances between the curved surface of the mould 10 and the non-homogeneous energy distribution different heating effects are produced on the surface of the mold 10. When the diamond material is coated and grows on the surface of the mold 10, the growth rate of the diamond material varies by location, thus, the diamond diaphragm has a non-homogeneous thickness and/or hardness. This changing thickness and/or hardness changes the vibration characteristic of the diamond diaphragm, so providing a wider response bandwidth (fig. 3). The diaphragm may be composed of several layers, each layer having different characteristics (fig. 4D).

WEAR-RESISTANT LAMINATED ARTICLES

Hollow cylindrical structural member of fiber reinforced resin

Tribologically stressed structural element and gas engine or internal combustion engine therewith

CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Porous metal composite body

OPTICAL COATING

INTEGRAL CARBONISED BODIES AND THEIR USE IN FUEL CELLS

Disclosed herein is a carbon product comprising at least two carbonaceous materials and one flexible graphite sheet interposed between said two carbonaceous materials, said two carbonaceous materials and said flexible graphite sheet having been joined together and integrated by calcination in an inert atmosphere as one carbon body, and the joining surface of at least one of said carbonaceous materials comprising both joining parts and non-joining parts which have an optional shape and are uniformly arranged on the joining surface, said carbon product as the electrode substrate of fuel cells, and a process for producing the same.

SUSCEPTOR FOR SUPPORTING A SILICON WAFER

DEFORMABLE FABRIC FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS

A deformable multi-layer fabric for use in forming heat resistant bodies is proposed which comprises a multi-layer fabric formed from carbon yarns, the yarns being provided in plural form in the warp and/or weft directions and preferably in plural form throughout the whole of the fabric. The warp yarns in each group Cl-C12 exist in side-by-side disposition whilst the individual weft yarns of each group W1-W6 are subjected to a small degree of twist. The fabric is capable of ready deformation without cutting and facilitates the creation of complex shapes or profiles without reference to the warp direction thereof.

Coating for ceramic composites

A coating composition for use with ceramic composites to reduce gas permeability of the,composites as well as provide an adhesive force to the composites. The coating composition comprises an aqueous dispersion of an aluminum phosphate precursor, silicon carbide, and aluminoborosilicate. The ceramic composite to which the coating may be applied comprises a base fabric of aluminoborosilicate fibres, a carbonaceous layer on said base fabric and a silicon carbide layer coated over the carbonaceous layer.

Magnetic recording medium

GRAPHITE REFRACTORY ARTICLE HAVING DENSE STRUCTURE WITH LOW POROSITY

Electrically conductive silicone elastomers

It has been discovered that the addition of a small amount (less than 5 percent by weight) of chopped graphite fibers to an electrically conductive silicone elastomeric mixture increases the electrical conductivity to an unexpected degree. The electrically conductive silicone elastomeric mixture can be coated on a base member and cured to yield an electrically conductive device. An application of the technology is the manufacture of conductive core for use in automotive ignition cable. By using this electrically conductive silicone elastomeric mixture it is no longer necessary that the base member itself be conductive.

GRAPHITE HEAT-SINK MOUNTINGS

Friction material production thereof and friction element comprising said material

A friction material comprising a carbon fiber reinforced carbon with an oxidation temperature of at least 800 DEG C. and a crystallinity index of matrix carbon of from 2.3 to 5.0, a process for the production of the same, and a friction element comprising the same.

Production of corrosion and erosion resistant solid carbon articles

The invention provides a composite carbon or graphite having desirable properties such as corrosion and wear resistance. The invention combines a graphite substrate with a protective porous zone of silicon carbide. The whole body of graphite plus silicon carbide then is infiltrated with aluminum phosphate. An adhered barrier of silicon carbide, ranging in thickness between 0.015 and 0.050 inch thick is integrated with a graphite stratum to form a very hard surface, resistant to mechanical and chemical wear. The silicon carbide barrier is closely compatible to the graphite substrate, in resistance to thermal shock and in qualities of thermal expansion. In order to improve oxidation resistance further, a new composition was formed by infiltrating aluminum phosphate through the silicon carbide into the graphite to form a single body of composite graphite.

Carbon electrodes or neutronic reactor core bars and method and apparatus for making same

... Extrusion apparatus (Fig. 3) suitable for producing reactor core bars comprises a cylindrically shaped extrusion section 1, a transition section 2 having a circular inlet and a rectangular outlet one dimension of which is greater than the diameter of the inlet, the other dimension being smaller, and a final forming section 3 with a rectangular outlet the larger dimension of which is the same as that of the outlet section 2, the smaller dimension being less than that of section 2. The final forming section thus has two parallel and two convergent walls. The inlet of the transition section may alternatively be a square or a regular polygon i.e. a shape inscribable by a circle. On extruding a mass of carbon in platelet form together with a binder, carbon rods are formed having lamellae disposed in a plurality of superimposed planes. Vanes may be positioned in the final forming section to assist in obtaining the desired lamellar orientation. The resultant carbon rods exhibit ...

Field emission materials and devices

Thick single crystal diamond layer method for making it and gemstones produced from the layer

A layer of single crystal CVD diamond of high quality having a thickness greater than 2 mm. Also provided is a method of producing such a CVD diamond layer. The method involves the homoepitaxial growth of the diamond layer on a low defect density substrate in an atmosphere containing less than 300ppb nitrogen. Gemstones can be manufactured from the layer.

Method of reshaping warped graphite enclosures and the like

Warped, spread apart, graphite enclosures of the type used with crucibles for "pulling" crystalline bodies, and the like are restored substantially to original "set" condition by compressing them and holding them in substantially their original shape while heating them to temperatures which result in vaporization of the crystalline material and the carbon compounds which have deposited or formed on the enclosure, holding them at the elevated temperatures for a period of time sufficient to volatilize, and permit removal of all, save perhaps a minor residuum, of these materials, and then cooling the enclosure. Alternatively, the heating can be accomplished in a reactive furnace which also reacts a halogen or the like with the material to be removed.

VIBRATORY ELEMENTS FOR AUDIO EQUIPMENT

A METHOD OF PRODUCING COMPONENT PARTS FROM LAYERS OF FIBRE-REINFORCED PLASTICS MATERIAL

CARBON FIBER-REINFORCED CONCRETE

THERMAL RECORDING HEAD

Process for the production of improved boron coatings onto graphite and article obtained in this process

Ceramic impregnated superabrasives

CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS WHEEL SPOKE PLATE

HIGH CONDUCTIVITY MATERIAL

MET LAID FLEXABLE SHEET MATERIALS

Sliding bearing

Improvements in apparatus and process for coating materials

... Diamond, boron nitride or Al2O3 are coated with e.g. Mo, W, Ta, or Al by placing the substrate material in a container 19 on a cathode 11 in a chamber containing argon, krypton, helium or nitrogen, and cleaning the substrate by establishing a glow discharge between the anode 17 and cathode 11. After cleaning, a glow discharge is set up between the anode 17 and cathode 20 to deposit material from the cathode 20 on to the substrate, whilst maintaining a glow discharge between the anode 17 and cathode 11. The cathode 11 may be vibrated to vibrate the substrate. A layer of copper may be sputtered on to the metal layer.

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FULL CARBONACEOUS DIAPHRAGM FOR ACOUSTIC EQUIPMENT

Electrical Connections and Method of Making Same.

... 1,177,558. Brazing. GREAT LAKES CARBON CORP. 19 Dec., 1967 [28 Dec., 1966], No. 57711/67. Heading B3R. [Also in Divisions C7 and H2] Contact resistance between engaged threaded portions of a conductor bar 6, e.g. of copper, aluminium, steel or carbon and a carbon body in the form of a graphite plate or pins 3, is lessened by interposing between the threads a molten alloy 4 of the kind which expands on solidification and which has a melting-point between 95‹ and 300‹ C. The conductor 6 is mechanically and/or chemically cleaned and the threaded recess of the carbon body is cleaned by compressed air. The molten alloy is poured in the recess of the body 3, which is heated above the melting-point of the alloy and the bar 6 is threaded into the recess so that the molten alloy rises between the threads. Alternatively, pellets or powder of the alloy may be deposited at the bottom of the recess and the temperature of the assembly is raised above the said melting-point. When the carbon body is a ...

Conductive sheet material

Graphite or carbon particulates for the lithium ion battery anode

This invention provides a graphite or graphite-carbon particulate for use as a lithium secondary battery anode material having a high-rate capability. The particulate is formed of a core carbon or graphite particle and a plurality of satellite carbon or graphite particles that are each separately bonded to the core particle wherein the core particle is spherical in shape, slightly elongate in shape with a major axis-to-minor axis ratio less than 2, or fibril in shape, and wherein the satellite particles are disc-, platelet-, or flake-like particles each containing a graphite crystallite with a crystallographic c-axis dimension Lc and a lateral dimension. Preferably, Lc is less than 100 nm and the flake/platelet lateral dimension is less than 1 μm. The core particle may be selected from natural graphite, artificial graphite, spherical graphite, graphitic coke, meso-carbon micro-bead, soft carbon, hard carbon, graphitic fibril, carbon nano-fiber, carbon fiber, or graphite fiber. Preferably, the flat-shaped particles are randomly oriented with respect to one another.

Graphene aerogels

Graphene aerogels with high conductivity and surface areas including a method for making a graphene aerogel, including the following steps: (1) preparing a reaction mixture comprising a graphene oxide suspension and at least one catalyst; (2) curing the reaction mixture to produce a wet gel; (3) drying the wet gel to produce a dry gel; and (4) pyrolyzing the dry gel to produce a graphene aerogel. Applications include electrical energy storage including batteries and supercapacitors.

Conductive Webs

Conductive nonwoven webs are disclosed. The nonwoven webs contain pulp fibers combined with conductive fibers. In one embodiment, the webs are made in a wetlaid tissue making process.

Protective film mainly composed of a tetrahedral amorphous carbon film and a magnetic recording medium having the protective film

A protective film is disclosed that is mainly composed of a tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C film) that is denser than a DLC film formed by a plasma CVD method and containing aggregate particles so reduced as to a necessary and sufficient level, to provide a method of manufacturing such a protective film, and to provide a magnetic recording medium comprising such a protective film. The film is mainly composed of a ta-C film formed by a filtered cathodic arc method using a cathode target of glass state carbon. A magnetic recording medium is disclosed which includes a substrate, a magnetic recording layer, and the protective film mainly composed of a ta-C film.

Composite carbon nanotube structure and method for fabricating the same

A method for fabricating composite carbon nanotube structure is presented. A carbon nanotube array is provided. A first carbon nanotube structure is drawn from the carbon nanotube array. The first carbon nanotube structure is located on the substrate. A second carbon nanotube structure is grown on a surface of the first carbon nanotube structure to form a composite carbon nanotube structure. A composite carbon nanotube structure is also presented.

Method of manufacturing metal composite material, metal composite material, method of manufacturing heat dissipating component, and heat dissipating component

A method of manufacturing a metal composite material includes applying a mechanical impact force to a carbon material and a metal powder at such an intensity as capable of pulverizing the carbon material, thereby adhering the carbon material to a surface of the metal powder.

Elastic device using carbon nanotube film

An elastic device includes a first elastic supporter; a second elastic supporter and a carbon nanotube film. The second elastic supporter is spaced from the first elastic supporter. The carbon nanotube film has a first side fixed on the first elastic supporter and a second side opposite to the first side and fixed on the second elastic supporter. The carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of carbon nanotube strings separately arranged, located side by side and extending substantially along a first direction from the first side to the second side and one or more carbon nanotubes located between adjacent carbon nanotube strings. The carbon nanotube film is capable of elastic deformation along a second direction that is substantially perpendicular to the first direction.

Method of producing silicon carbide-coated carbon material

A method of producing a silicon carbide-coated carbon material that comprises heating, under a non-oxidizing atmosphere, a carbon substrate and an amorphous inorganic ceramic material obtained by heating a non-melting solid silicone, thereby forming a silicon carbide coating film on the carbon substrate. A silicon carbide-coated carbon material that exhibits excellent heat resistance and has a uniform silicon carbide coating can be obtained.

Heat radiation material, electronic device and method of manufacturing electronic device

The electronic device includes a heat generator 54, a heat radiator 58, and a heat radiation material 56 disposed between the heat generator 54 and the heat radiator 58 and including a plurality of linear structures 12 of carbon atoms and a filling layer 14 formed of a thermoplastic resin and disposed between the plurality of linear structures 12.

Apparatus and method for harvesting carbon nanotube arrays

An apparatus is provided for harvesting a carbon nanotube array from a substrate. The apparatus includes a peeler that peels the carbon nanotube array from the substrate and a support that receives the carbon nanotube array peeled from the substrate. In addition the apparatus includes a drawing device that simultaneously draws the carbon nanotube array from the substrate onto the support as the carbon nanotube array is peeled from the substrate. The peeler and drawing device are synchronized in operation so that as a given length of carbon nanotube array is peeled from the substrate, that same given length of carbon nanotube array is drawn onto the support.

Graphene polymer composite

The present invention relates to novel nanocomposite materials, methods of making nanocomposites and uses of nanocomposite materials.

Substrate and method for fabricating the same

A single crystal of zinc oxide which is c-axis oriented with use of electrolytic deposition method is formed on an amorphous carbon layer, after the amorphous carbon layer is provided on an inexpensive graphite substrate. The amorphous carbon layer is provided by oxidizing the surface of the graphite substrate.

One-dimensional metal nanostructures

Tin powder is heated in a flowing stream of an inert gas, such as argon, containing a small concentration of carbon-containing gas, at a temperature to produce metal vapor. The tin deposits as liquid on a substrate, and reacts with the carbon-containing gas to form carbon nanotubes in the liquid tin. Upon cooling and solidification, a composite of tin nanowires bearing coatings of carbon nanotubes is formed.

Stable graphene film and preparing method of the same

The present disclosure relates to a stable graphene film, a preparing method of the stable graphene film, a graphene transparent electrode including the stable graphene film, and a touch screen including the stable graphene film.

Ribbon crystal string for increasing wafer yield

A ribbon crystal has a body with a width dimension, and string embedded within the body. The string has a generally elongated cross-sectional shape. This cross-section (of the string) has a generally longitudinal axis that diverges with the width dimension of the ribbon crystal body.

Corrugated carbon fiber preform

In one example, a method includes mixing a plurality of carbon fibers in a liquid carrier to form a mixture, depositing the carbon fiber mixture in a layer, forming a plurality of corrugations in the carbon fiber layer, and rigidifying the corrugated carbon fiber layer to form a corrugated carbon fiber preform. In another example, a method includes substantially aligning a first ridge on a first surface of a first corrugated carbon fiber preform and a first groove on a first surface of a second corrugated carbon fiber preform, bringing the first surface of the first corrugated carbon fiber preform into contact with the first surface of the second corrugated carbon fiber preform, and densifying the first corrugated carbon fiber preform and the second carbon fiber preform to bond the first corrugated carbon fiber preform and the second carbon fiber preform.

High temperature refractory coatings for ceramic substrates

A method of manufacturing a composite article includes pyrolyzing a preceramic polymer to form a non-oxide ceramic matrix and a byproduct, and reacting the refractory material with the byproduct to form a refractory phase within the non-oxide ceramic matrix.

Photovoltaic Substrate

A composite substrate comprising a graphitic layer and a semiconductor layer for a photovoltaic device is disclosed.

Strain sensors, methods of making same, and applications of same

In one aspect, the present invention relates to a layered structure usable in a strain sensor. In one embodiment, the layered structure has a substrate with a first surface and an opposite, second surface defining a body portion therebetween; and a film of carbon nanotubes deposited on the first surface of the substrate, wherein the film of carbon nanotubes is conductive and characterized with an electrical resistance. In one embodiment, the carbon nanotubes are aligned in a preferential direction. In one embodiment, the carbon nanotubes are formed in a yarn such that any mechanical stress increases their electrical response. In one embodiment, the carbon nanotubes are incorporated into a polymeric scaffold that is attached to the surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, the surfaces of the carbon nanotubes are functionalized such that its electrical conductivity is increased.

Anti-fretting wear coating for substrates

A method and chemical composition and material structure for improving fretting wear in substrates, particularly carbon-carbon composite (CCC). The invention relates to trilayer coatings, comprising a base of hard ZrO 2 , a middle layer of Al 2 O 3 , and atop layer of lubricious ZnO. The coatings of the present invention exhibit conformality and pore-filling down to approximately 100 microns into a carbon-carbon composite to which they are applied. The methods for preparing the coatings include a chemical vapor infiltration route, such as an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process, to uniformly and conformally coat the porous and open structure of CCC with a solid lubricant trilayer of ZnO/Al 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 that results in significant improvement (65%) in fretting wear.

Gold and silver quantum clusters in molecular containers and methods for their preparation and use

A composition includes a quantum cluster of Ag m or Au n , one or more protector molecules; and a molecular cavity partially or wholly surrounding the quantum cluster. A method for preparing the quantum clusters includes adding a first amount of glutathione to a gold salt, a silver salt, or a mixture thereof to form a mixture; adding a reducing agent to the mixture to form a precipitate; and mixing the precipitate with a second amount of glutathione and a cyclodextrin to form a composition. Devices are prepared from the quantum clusters, and the devices may be used in methods of authentification of articles.

Methods of characterizing a component of a polycrystalline diamond compact by at least one magnetic measurement

In an embodiment, a method of characterizing a polycrystalline diamond compact is disclosed. The method includes providing the polycrystalline diamond compact, and measuring at least one magnetic characteristic of a component of the polycrystalline diamond compact.

Graphene mounted on aerogel

An apparatus having reduced phononic coupling between a graphene monolayer and a substrate is provided. The apparatus includes an aerogel substrate and a monolayer of graphene coupled to the aerogel substrate.

Diffusion Barrier Layer, Metal Interconnect Arrangement and Method of Manufacturing the Same

A diffusion barrier layer, a metal interconnect arrangement and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, the metal interconnect arrangement may comprise a conductive plug/interconnect wire for electrical connection, and a diffusion barrier layer provided on at least a portion of a surface of the conductive plug/interconnect wire. The diffusion barrier layer may comprise insulating amorphous carbon.

Conductive thin film and transparent conductive film comprising graphene

A conductive thin film including graphene and having improved conductivity is disclosed. The conductive thin film is composed of a superlattice structure that includes a first and second graphene films formed of respective sheets of carbon atoms that each have at least one atomic layer; and an intercalation film sandwiched between the first and second graphene films. The superlattice structure may have a plurality of stacking units that are stacked and that are each formed of one graphene film and one intercalation film; and the first and second graphene films may have graphene films belonging to two mutually adjacent stacking units from among the plurality of stacking units. The conductive thin film may be transparent and, when the superlattice structure has a plurality of stacking units, a sum total of atomic layers of the sheets of carbon atoms for all the stacking units is ten or fewer.

Graphene-Coated Steel Sheet, and Method for Manufacturing Same

A graphene-coated steel sheet and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The graphene-coated steel sheet includes a steel sheet and a graphene layer formed on the steel sheet. Therefore, the graphene-coated steel sheet can be useful in preventing corrosion of iron, such as oxidation of iron, and has remarkably excellent thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, as well as excellent heat resistance resulting from thermal stability of graphene. Also, the method can be useful in manufacturing a high-quality graphene-coated steel sheet having a monocrystalline form and showing substantially no defects or impurities.

Laminated roll of sealed graphite pouches and methods for making the same

Laminated rolls of sealed graphite pouches and methods for making the same are provided. The laminated roll can include a first substrate having a length and a plurality of sealed pouches disposed on the substrate at predetermined intervals along its length. Each sealed pouch can include a graphite sheet having first and second sides, the first side affixed to the substrate, and a second substrate affixed to at least the second side of the graphite sheet and to a portion of the substrate to fully seal the graphite sheet within an enclosed space. In one embodiment, the roll of sealed graphite sheet pouches can be fixed to a roll of another substrate in a roll-to-roll fashion and the combined rolls can be cut into discrete portions for use in a particular application. For example, the roll of the other substrate can be a roll of enhanced spectral reflector (ESR).

Processing a sacrificial material during manufacture of a microfabricated product

A method for processing a sacrificial material of an intermediate microfabricated product includes forming a hydrogen-containing carbon layer on a surface of a base structure and releasing hydrogen from the hydrogen-containing carbon layer to obtain a hydrogen-released (i.e., densified) carbon layer with low shrink. The method further includes forming a structural layer on at least a portion of a surface of the hydrogen-released carbon layer, and oxidizing the hydrogen-released (densified) carbon layer to release the structural layer. In this manner, a cavity is formed between the base structure and the structural layer. The ashing of the hydrogen-released carbon layer leaves substantially no residues within the cavity of the intermediate or final microfabricated product. Further embodiments provide a method for manufacturing a microfabricated product, to an intermediate microfabricated product, and to a microfabrication equipment.

Method for synthesis of cubic boron nitride and cubic boron nitride structure

A method for producing a cubic boron nitride (cBN) thin film includes depositing cBN onto nanocrystalline diamond having controlled surface irregularity characteristics to improve the adhesion at the interface of cBN/nanocrystalline diamond, while incorporating hydrogen to a reaction gas upon the synthesis of cBN and controlling the feed time of hydrogen, so that harmful reactions occurring on a surface of nanocrystalline diamond and residual stress applied to cBN may be inhibited. Also, a cBN thin film structure is obtained by the method. The cBN thin film is formed on the nanocrystalline diamond thin film by using a physical vapor deposition process, wherein a reaction gas supplied when the deposition of a thin film occurs is a mixed gas of argon (Ar) with nitrogen (N 2 ), and hydrogen (H 2 ) is added to the reaction gas at a time after the deposition of a thin film occurs.

Nano tri-carbon composite systems and manufacture

Nano-carbon material is described that combines the common and unique properties of spherical fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene carbon allotropes to create an architecture that has unique mechanical and electrical properties. The combined tensile strength of graphene with the compressive strength of fullerenes attached to nanotubes creates a high strength material. By attaching fullerenes to nanotubes, the surface area of the material is greatly enhanced beyond the high surface area normally associated with vertically aligned nanotube arrays. Fabrication can be performed via several complementary methods including catalyst deposition, hydrocarbon chemical vapor deposition, and surface functionalization. The fabrication of the NTC is based on its sub-composites: graphene-nanotubes and nanotubes-fullerenes and their respective fabrication processes.

Fabrication and application of nanofiber ribbons and sheets and twisted and non-twisted nanofiber yarns

A nanofiber forest on a substrate can be patterned to produce a patterned assembly of nanofibers that can be drawn to form nanofiber sheets, ribbons, or yarns.

Transparent conductive laminate, method for production of same, electronic paper using same and touch panel using same

A transparent electroconductive laminate in which condition [A] and/or [B] is satisfied; and the proportion of the surface resistance value after being subjected to a 1-hour wet heat treatment at 60° C. and a relative humidity of 90% and then being left standing for 3 minutes at 25° C. and a relative humidity of 50%, relative to the surface resistance value before the treatment, is 0.7 to 1.3. A method for manufacturing same, electronic paper using same, and a touch panel using same. [A] The white reflectance is from greater than 70% and to no greater than 85%, and the surface resistance value is 1.0×10 2 Ω/□ to 1.0×10 4 Ω/□. [B] The total light transmittance is greater than 88% and no greater than 93%, and the surface resistance value is 1.0×10 2 Ω/□ to 1.0×10 4 Ω/□.

Engine component

The present invention has the objective of solving the problems encountered in coating engine components (engine blocks or sleeves, either fixed or movable) having at least one cylindrical cavity and composed mainly by iron or aluminum, providing them with a coating ( 3 ) that is subdivided into three different layers, which are deposited onto the metallic substrate ( 1 ), which are first sub-layer ( 21 ) comprising at least 80 % silicon deposited onto the substrate ( 1 ) with the function of providing interface with good adhesion between the substrate ( 1 ) and the subsequent sub-layers, which contain hydrogenated amorphous carbon, second sub-layer ( 22 ) of transition comprising a percentage of silicon and of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H:Si) and, finally, on the working surface, third sub-layer ( 23 ) having a pure composition of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H), wherein such coating ( 3 ) is generated by the hollow cathode effect (HCE) by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD).

METHOD TO PREVENT METAL CONTAMINATION BY A SUBSTRATE HOLDER

Method to increase the wettability of a substrate by providing the substrate at least partially with a conductive, metal free, hydrophilic carbon based coating. The carbon based coating is doped with nitrogen and has an electrical resistivity lower than 10ohm-cm. An adhesion promoting layer is applied on the substrate before the application of the carbon based coating. The adhesion promoting layer includes at least one element of the group consisting of silicon and of the elements of group IVB, the elements of group VB and the elements of Group VIB of the periodic table, wherein the carbon based coating includes a nitrogen doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating of amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) and a nitrogen doped diamond-like nanocomposite (DLN) coating comprising C, H, O and Si. 1. A method to increase the wettability of a substrate , which substrate is selected from the group consisting of components to transport and/or support a semiconductor substrate , such as electrostatic chucks , wafer carriers , heaters and lift pins and components to transport and/or support highly purity liquids , copier components and components used in Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) applications , by providing said substrate at least partially with a conductive , metal free , hydrophilic carbon based coating , said carbon based coating being doped with nitrogen , said carbon based coating having an electrical resistivity lower than 10ohm-cm , and an adhesion promoting layer is applied on said substrate before the application of said carbon based coating , wherein the adhesion promoting layer comprises at least one layer , said adhesion promoting layer comprising at least one element of the group consisting of silicon and of the elements of group IVB , the elements of group VB and the elements of Group VIB of the periodic table , wherein the carbon based coating comprises a nitrogen doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating comprising amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) ...

Polycrystalline diamond materials having improved abrasion resistance, thermal stability and impact resistance

PCD materials comprise a diamond body having bonded diamond crystals and interstitial regions disposed among the crystals. The diamond body is formed from diamond grains and a catalyst material at high pressure/high temperature conditions. The diamond grains have an average particle size of about 0.03 mm or greater. At least a portion of the diamond body has a high diamond volume content of greater than about 93 percent by volume. The entire diamond body can comprise high volume content diamond or a region of the diamond body can comprise the high volume content diamond. The diamond body includes a working surface, a first region substantially free of the catalyst material, and a second region that includes the catalyst material. At least a portion of the first region extends from the working surface to depth of from about 0.01 to about 0.1 mm.

Techniques for bonding substrates using an intermediate layer

A method includes depositing a thin film on a first surface of a first substrate and moving a second surface of a second substrate into contact with the thin film such that the thin film is located between the first and second surfaces. The method further includes generating electromagnetic (EM) radiation of a first wavelength, the first wavelength selected such that the thin film absorbs EM radiation at the first wavelength. Additionally, the method includes directing the EM radiation through one of the first and second substrates and onto a region of the thin film until the first and second substrates are fused in the region.

Three Dimensional Interconnected Porous Graphene-Based Thermal Interface Materials

A thermal interface material provides thermal conduction or thermal dissipation across an interface, using a three-dimensional interconnected porous graphene (3D-IPG) foam structure. The 3D-IPG foam structure is constructed of three-dimensional interconnected graphene sheets formed as a plurality of monolayers, and having an flexible interconnection architecture. The flexible interconnection architectures allow the 3D-IPG to maintain a high interfacial thermal conductance by the 3D-IPG filling a gap between a heat source and a heat sink across the interface, and by capping small features up to nanoscale roughened surfaces.

Adhesives for bonding handler wafers to device wafers and enabling mid-wavelength infrared laser ablation release

Methods are provided to form adhesive materials that are used to temporarily bond handler wafers to device wafers, and which enable mid-wavelength infrared laser ablation release techniques to release handler wafers from device wafers.

ULTRATHIN GRAPHENE/POLYMER LAMINATE FILMS

A process includes layering a graphene layer onto a polymer layer to form a composite film. 1. A process , comprising:layering a graphene layer onto a polymer layer to form a composite film.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the layering is performed in a solution.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the graphene layer floats on the solution claim 2 , wherein the layering includes causing the polymer layer to lift the graphene layer from the solution.4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the solution has a neutral pH.5. The process of claim 1 , comprising layering a second graphene layer onto the composite film.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the second graphene layer is added to the polymer layer on a side of the composite film claim 5 , the side being opposite the graphene layer.7. The process of claim 5 , wherein the second graphene layer is added to a side of the composite film claim 5 , the side being the same side as the graphene layer.8. The process of claim 5 , comprising coupling a third graphene layer to the composite film.9. The process of claim 1 , comprising coupling a second polymer layer to the composite film.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the graphene layer includes several layers of graphene.11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the graphene layer is a single layer of graphene.12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the graphene layer includes islands of graphene held together by van der Waals forces.13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the graphene layer covers an entire side of the polymer layer. This invention was made with Government support under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344 awarded by the United States Department of Energy. The Government has certain rights in the invention.This application claims priority to U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 15/698,473 filed Sep. 7, 2017, which is herein incorporated by reference.The present invention relates to polymer laminate films, and more particularly, this invention relates to ...

METHODS OF CONTROLLABLY FORMING BERNAL-STACKED GRAPHENE LAYERS

Methods of controllably forming Bernal-stacked graphene layers are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods comprise one or more of the following steps: (1) cleaning a surface of a catalyst; (2) annealing the surface of the catalyst; (3) applying a carbon source onto the cleaned and annealed surface of the catalyst in a reaction chamber; and (4) growing the Bernal-stacked graphene layers on the surface of the catalyst in the reaction chamber, where the number of formed Bernal-stacked graphene layers is controllable as a function of one or more growth parameters, such as a total pressure of the reaction chamber. Further embodiments of the present disclosure also include steps of: (5) terminating the growing step; and (6) transferring the formed Bernal-stacked graphene layers from the surface of the catalyst onto a substrate. 1cleaning a surface of a catalyst;annealing the surface of the catalyst;applying a carbon source onto the cleaned and annealed surface of the catalyst in a reaction chamber; andgrowing the Bernal-stacked graphene layers on the surface of the catalyst in the reaction chamber.. A method of forming Bernal-stacked graphene layers, wherein the method comprises: This application is a continuation of U.S. Non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/104,588, filed on Dec. 12, 2013, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/736,249, filed on Dec. 12, 2012. The entirety of each of the aforementioned applications is incorporated herein by reference.This invention was made with government support under Grant Nos. N00014-09-1-1066; FA9550-12-1-0035; and FA9550-09-1-0581, all awarded by the U.S. Department of Defense. The government has certain rights in the invention.Current methods of making Bernal-stacked graphene layers suffer from numerous limitations, including scalability, uniformity, and the ability to control the number of formed Bernal-stacked graphene layers. Therefore, a need exists for more effective, controllable ...

GRAPHENE REINFORCED MATERIALS AND RELATED METHODS OF MANUFACTURE

Graphene reinforced materials and related methods of manufacture are provided. The graphene reinforced materials include graphene sheet or scroll, graphene-polymer sheet or scroll, and graphene-carbon sheet or scroll, each having material properties that are attractive across a broad range of applications and industries. The graphene reinforced materials generally include monolayer or multilayer graphene that is synthesized by annealing a catalyst substrate within a CVD chamber, introducing a hydrocarbon gas as a carbon source with the CVD chamber to form a layer of graphene on the catalyst substrate, detaching the catalyst substrate from the layer of graphene, and rolling the layer of graphene onto itself to form a scroll, optionally with the addition of a polymer layer or carbonized layer on the graphene layer. 1. A graphene-reinforced article comprising:a sheet material having a first major surface opposite a second major surface; anda graphene layer joined to at least one of the first major surface and the second major surface of the sheet material, wherein the graphene layer and the sheet material are rolled to form a multi-walled cylindrical scroll having a spiral cross-section, the cylindrical scroll having a yield tensile strength greater than 1 GPa.2. The graphene-reinforced article of wherein the sheet material includes a polymer selected from the group consisting of lignin claim 1 , polyacrylonitrile claim 1 , polymethyl methacrylate claim 1 , polystyrene claim 1 , polycarbonbate claim 1 , polyimides claim 1 , polypropylene claim 1 , polyethylene terephthalate claim 1 , and polyvinyl chloride.3. The graphene-reinforced article of wherein the polymer is carbonized.4. The graphene reinforced article of wherein the graphene layer is multi-layer graphene.5. The graphene-reinforced article of further including a metal substrate joined to a surface of the graphene layer opposite of the sheet material.6. The graphene-reinforced article of wherein the metal ...

Roll-to-roll transfer method of graphene, graphene roll produced by the method, and roll-to-roll transfer equipment for graphene

The present disclosure relates to a graphene roll-to-roll transfer method, a graphene roll-to-roll transfer apparatus, a graphene roll manufactured by the graphene roll-to-roll transfer method, and uses thereof.

Nanocarbon separation apparatus and nanocarbon separation method

A nanocarbon separation apparatus includes: an electrophoresis tank; electrodes disposed in an upper part and a lower part of the electrophoresis tank; a first injection port through which a liquid is injected into the electrophoresis tank; a second injection port which is provided below the first injection port and through which a liquid having a pH lower than a pH of the liquid injected through the first injection port is injected into the electrophoresis tank; and a recovery port provided in a surface facing a surface having the first injection port and the second injection port, wherein the liquid injected through at least one of the first injection port and the second injection port is a dispersion liquid having nanocarbons dispersed therein.

Method of making heat treated coated article with carbon based coating and protective film

A method of making a heat treated (HT) or heat treatable coated article. A method of making a coated article includes a step of heat treating a glass substrate coated with at least layer of or including carbon (e.g., diamond-like carbon (DLC)) and an overlying protective film thereon. In certain example embodiments, the protective film may be of or include both (a) an oxygen blocking or barrier layer, and (b) a release layer of or including zinc oxide. Treating the zinc oxide inclusive release layer with plasma including oxygen (e.g., via ion beam treatment) improves thermal stability and/or quality of the product. Following and/or during heat treatment (e.g., thermal tempering, or the like) the protective film may be entirely or partially removed.

HEAT-DISSIPATING SHEET HAVING HIGH THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND ITS PRODUCTION METHOD

A heat-dissipating sheet having a density of 1.9 g/cmor more and an in-plane thermal conductivity of 570 W/mK or more, which comprises carbon black uniformly dispersed among fine graphite particles, a mass ratio of fine graphite particles to carbon black being 75/25 to 95/5, is obtained by repeating plural times a cycle of applying a dispersion of fine graphite particles, carbon black and an organic binder in an organic solvent to a surface of a support plate, and then drying it, to form a resin-containing composite sheet; burning the resin-containing composite sheet to remove the organic binder; and pressing the resultant composite sheet of fine graphite particles and carbon black for densification. 1. A method for producing a heat-dissipating sheet , comprising the steps of (1) preparing a dispersion comprising 5-25% by mass in total of fine graphite particles and carbon black , and 0.05-2.5% by mass of an organic binder , in an organic solvent , a mass ratio of said fine graphite particles to said carbon black being 75/25 to 95/5; (2) repeating plural times a cycle of applying said dispersion to a surface of a support plate and then drying it , to form a resin-containing composite sheet comprising said fine graphite particles , said carbon black and said organic binder; (3) burning said resin-containing composite sheet to remove said organic binder; and (4) pressing the resultant composite sheet of fine graphite particles and carbon black for densification.2. The method for producing a heat-dissipating sheet according to claim 1 , wherein a mass ratio of said organic binder to the total amount of said fine graphite particles and said carbon black is 0.01-0.5.3. The method for producing a heat-dissipating sheet according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of said dispersion applied by one operation is 5-15 g/m(expressed by the total weight of fine graphite particles and carbon black per 1 m).4. The method for producing a heat-dissipating sheet according to claim 1 , ...

Methods for producing metal-coated carbon material and carbon-metal composite material using the same

Methods for producing a transition-metal-coated carbon material having a transition metal coating which has a high adhesion strength between the transition metal and the carbon material, and which is neither exfoliated nor detached in subsequent processing are provided. The transition-metal-coated carbon material may be obtained by adhering a compound containing transition metal ions onto a surface of a carbon material and by reducing the transition metal ions with carbon in the carbon material by a heat treatment, thereby to form elemental transition metal. Here, the transition metal is Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Cu or Zn. Moreover, also provided is a carbon-metal composite material exhibiting an excellent mechanical strength and thermal conductivity, by improving affinity with a metal such as aluminium by use of the transition-metal-coated carbon material.

Coated speaker dome and coated diamond products

The invention relates to a speaker dome comprising: a polycrystalline diamond dome body formed of a material of high stiffness with a Young's modulus greater than 50 GPa and having respective inner and outer surfaces; and a coating on at least one side of the dome body, wherein the coating comprises an optically refractive metal compound layer which is semi-transparent and which forms one or more colours via interference of reflected light from front and rear surfaces of the layer. The invention also relates to a diamond component comprising: a diamond body; and a coating on at least one side of the diamond body; wherein the coating comprises at-least two layers including a first layer bonded to the at least one side of the diamond body and a second layer disposed over the first layer, the second layer being an optically refractive metal compound coating which is semi-transparent and which forms one or more colours via interference of reflected light from front and rear surfaces of the second layer.

Oxidized Carbon Nanotube Structures

Provided are oxidized carbon nanotube structures including aggregates, networks, assemblages, rigid porous structures, electrodes, and mats. Oxidized carbon nanotubes may be formed by conducting gas-phase oxidation on carbon nanotubes. Gas-phase oxidation may be conducted by contacting carbon nanotubes with gas-phase oxidizing agents, such as CO 2 , O 2 , steam, N 2 O, NO, NO 2 , O 3 , ClO 2 , and mixtures thereof. Near critical and supercritical water can also be used as oxidizing agents. Oxidized carbon nanotube structures may include a plurality of oxidized carbon nanotubes along with a supported catalyst, which was used to grow carbon nanotubes prior to oxidation. The supported catalyst may be subjected to gas-phase oxidation and may remain with the oxidized carbon nanotubes in oxidized carbon nanotube structures.

Laminated body

A laminate includes: a carbon nanotube sheet including a plurality of carbon nanotubes aligned preferentially in one direction within a plane of the sheet; and a first protection material having a surface in contact with the carbon nanotube sheet, the surface having a surface roughness Ra 1 of 0.05 μm or more.

DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEREOF

An apparatus and method provided a drug layer formed on a surface region of a medical device, the drug layer comprised of a drug deposition and a carbonized or densified layer formed from the drug deposition by irradiation on an outer surface of the drug deposition, wherein the carbonized or densified layer does not penetrate through the drug deposition and is adapted to release drug from the drug deposition at a predetermined rate. 1. A drug delivery system , comprising:a medical device having at least one surface region; anda drug layer formed on the at least one surface region, the drug layer comprised of a drug deposition on the at least one surface region and a carbonized or densified layer formed from the drug deposition by irradiation on an outer surface of the drug deposition, wherein the carbonized or densified layer does not penetrate through the drug deposition and is adapted to release drug from the drug deposition at a predetermined rate.2. The drug delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the drug deposition does not include any polymers.3. The drug delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the drug deposition is encapsulated between the carbonized or densified layer and the at least one surface region.4. The drug delivery system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one additional drug layer formed on the first said drug layer claim 1 , the additional drug layer comprised of an additional drug deposition and an additional carbonized or densified layer formed from the additional drug deposition by irradiation on an outer surface of the additional drug deposition.5. The drug delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one surface region is a previously applied drug layer.6. The drug delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the irradiation is gas-cluster ion beam irradiation.7. The drug delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the irradiation is Neutral Beam irradiation derived from a gas-cluster ion beam.8. The drug delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the ...

Carbon based coatings and methods of producing the same

Provided herein is a carbon based coating and methods of producing the same. The carbon based coating comprising an amorphous carbon thin film deposited on a substrate, the carbon based coating characterized in that the carbon based coating imparts enhanced surface durability properties.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING BULK SILICON CARBIDE USING A SILICON CARBIDE SEED

A method of producing silicon carbide is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of providing a sublimation furnace comprising a furnace shell, at least one heating element positioned outside the furnace shell, and a hot zone positioned inside the furnace shell surrounded by insulation. The hot zone comprises a crucible with a silicon carbide precursor positioned in the lower region and a silicon carbide seed positioned in the upper region. The hot zone is heated to sublimate the silicon carbide precursor, forming silicon carbide on the bottom surface of the silicon carbide seed. Also disclosed is the sublimation furnace to produce the silicon carbide as well as the resulting silicon carbide material. 1. A method of forming silicon carbide comprising: a) a crucible having an upper region and a lower region,', 'b) a crucible cover sealing the crucible, and', 'c) a seed module in the upper region of the crucible, the seed module comprising a silicon carbide seed having a top surface and a bottom surface exposed to the upper region of the crucible;, 'i) providing a sublimation furnace comprising a furnace shell, at least one heating element positioned outside the furnace shell, and a hot zone positioned inside the furnace shell surrounded by insulation, the hot zone comprisingii) preparing, outside of the crucible, a source module including an outer annular chamber and a hollow inner chamber;iii) disposing a substantially solid silicon carbide precursor in the outer annular chamber of the source module while the source module is outside of the crucible;iv) after disposing the silicon carbide precursor in the outer annular chamber of the source module while the source module is outside of the crucible, disposing the source module containing the silicon carbide precursor therein inside of the crucible, such that the silicon carbide precursor is positioned in the lower region of the crucible facing the bottom surface of the silicon carbide seed;v) heating the hot zone ...

Graphene Oxide-Filled Polyimide Films and Process

Provided is a process for producing a graphene oxide platelet-filled polyimide film comprising the steps of: (a) mixing graphene oxide platelets with a polyimide precursor material and a liquid to form a slurry; (b) forming a wet film from said slurry; (c) partially or completely removing the liquid from the wet film to form a precursor polyimide composite film; and (d) imidizing the precursor polyimide composite film to approximately 90% or more completion of the crosslinking reaction, to obtain a graphene oxide platelet-filled composite film. 1. A process for producing a graphene oxide platelet-filled polyimide film comprising the steps of:a) mixing graphene oxide platelets with a polyimide precursor material and a liquid to form a slurry, wherein said slurry further comprises a monomer, an oligomer, a polymer, a dehydrating agent, a photosensitizer, a cure agent, an anhydride, a diamine or a combination thereof, wherein said anhydride is selected from benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic dianhydride (DTPA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride (EDTA), mellitic acid dianhydride (MADA), naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, oxydibenzoic dianhydride, oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA), phthalic anhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof and wherein said diamine is selected from 3,4′-oxydianiline, 4,4′-oxydianiline, 1,4-diaminobenzene, 1,3-diaminobenzene, 4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidene, benzidine, 4,4-diamino diphenyl propane, 4,4′-diamino diphenyl methane, 4,4′-diamino diphenyl sulfone, 4,4′-diamino diphenyl diethyl-silane, 4,4-diamino diphenyl phenylphosphine oxide, 4,4′-diamino diphenyl N-methylamine, 4,4′-diamino diphenyl sulfide, 4,4-diamino-diphenyl phenyl phosphonate and 4,4′-diamino diphenyl diethylsiloxane, 1,3-bis-(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof;b) ...

Electrode for electricity-storing device, electricity storing device employing such electrode, and method of manufacturing electrode for electricity-storing device

An electricity-storing device includes a first electrode, a second electrode of opposite polarity as the first electrode, and a separator. The first electrode includes a current collector foil, an active material layer formed on at least one surface of the current collector foil, and an electrical resistance layer formed on the at least one surface of the current collector foil so as to be adjacent to and in direct contact with the active material layer, at least a portion of an interface between the active material layer and the electrical resistance layer including a mixed phase where constituents from the active material layer and the electrical resistance layer intermingle;

GRADIENT NANOPARTICLE-CARBON ALLOTROPE POLYMER COMPOSITE

Systems and methods are provided for protective devices. A protective equipment device may include a high mass member; and a nanoparticle shock wave attenuating material layer disposed on the high mass member. The nanoparticle shock wave attenuating material layer may include a gradient nanoparticle layer including a plurality of nanoparticles of different diameters that are arranged in a gradient array; and a carbon allotrope layer disposed in proximity to the gradient nanoparticle layer, the carbon allotrope layer comprising a plurality of carbon allotrope members suspended in a matrix. 1. A shock wave attenuating material comprising: (i) a gradient nanoparticle layer comprising a plurality of nanoparticles of different diameters arranged in a gradient array; and', '(ii) a carbon allotrope layer disposed in proximity to the gradient nanoparticle layer, the carbon allotrope layer comprising a plurality of carbon allotrope members suspended in a matrix., 'a plurality of shock attenuating layers each comprising2. The shock wave attenuating material of claim 1 , further comprising a substrate layer claim 1 , wherein the plurality of shock attenuating layers is disposed on the substrate layer.3. The shock wave attenuating material of claim 1 , wherein the gradient array comprises the plurality of nanoparticles of different diameters arranged in a gradient array from smallest diameter to largest diameter.4. The shock wave attenuating material of claim 1 , wherein the carbon allotrope layer is disposed adjacent to the gradient nanoparticle layer.5. The shock wave attenuating material of claim 1 , wherein the gradient nanoparticle layer comprises nanoparticles of at least two different diameters.6. The shock wave attenuating material of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of shock attenuating layers comprises at least 3 gradient nanoparticle layers and at least 3 carbon allotrope layers.7. The shock wave attenuating material of claim 1 , wherein the carbon allotrope members ...

Heat Dissipation System Comprising a Unitary Graphene Monolith

A unitary graphene layer or graphene single crystal containing closely packed and chemically bonded parallel graphene planes having an inter-graphene plane spacing of 0.335 to 0.40 nm and an oxygen content of 0.01% to 10% by weight, which unitary graphene layer or graphene single crystal is obtained from heat-treating a graphene oxide gel at a temperature higher than 100° C., wherein the average mis-orientation angle between two graphene planes is less than 10 degrees, more typically less than 5 degrees. The molecules in the graphene oxide gel, upon drying and heat-treating, are chemically interconnected and integrated into a unitary graphene entity containing no discrete graphite flake or graphene platelet. This graphene monolith exhibits a combination of exceptional thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, surface smoothness, surface hardness, and scratch resistance unmatched by any thin-film material of comparable thickness range. 1. A heat dissipation system comprising a heat spreader comprising a unitary graphene monolith comprising closely packed and chemically bonded parallel graphene oxide planes having an inter plane spacing of 0.335 to 0.50 nm , a thickness greater than 10 nm , an electrical conductivity from 1 ,500 S/cm to 15 ,000 S/cm , a thermal conductivity from 600 W/mK to 1807 W/mk , and a physical density greater than 1.8 g/cm , and an oxygen content of 0.01% to 10% by weight , wherein an average mis-orientation angle between two graphene oxide planes is less than 10 degrees.2. The heat dissipation system of claim 1 , wherein the heat spreader has a thickness from 10 nm to 200 μm.3. The heat dissipation system of claim 1 , wherein the heat spreader has a density from 1.8 g/cmto 2.1 g/cm.4. The heat dissipation system of claim 1 , wherein the heat spreader has a tensile strength from 40 MPa to 121 MPa.5. The heat dissipation system of claim 1 , wherein the heat spreader has a Rockwell hardness from 34 to 88.6. The heat ...

POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND COMPACTS AND RELATED METHODS

Embodiments of the invention relate to polycrystalline diamond compacts (“PDCs”) and methods of fabricating polycrystalline diamond tables and PDCs in a manner that facilitates removal of metal-solvent catalyst used in the manufacture of polycrystalline diamond tables of such PDCs. 1. A subterranean drill bit , comprising:a bit body; and a substrate; and', a first volume extending inwardly from the working surface;', 'a second volume extending inwardly from the interfacial surface;', 'a metal-solvent catalyst and at least one sacrificial material disposed in at least a portion of the plurality of interstitial regions;', 'wherein the at least one sacrificial material includes a material different than that of the metal-solvent catalyst;', 'wherein the at least one sacrificial material is present in the first volume in a concentration such that the first volume exhibits a concentration of the metal-solvent catalyst of less than 0.85 weight % of the first volume after leaching the first volume., 'a polycrystalline diamond table including a working surface and an opposing interfacial surface bonded to the substrate, the polycrystalline diamond table including bonded diamond grains defining a plurality of interstitial regions, the polycrystalline diamond table further including], 'a plurality of polycrystalline diamond compacts affixed to the bit body, at least one of the plurality of polycrystalline diamond compacts, including2. The subterranean drill bit of wherein the concentration of the metal-solvent catalyst in the first volume is about 0.20 weight % to about 0.50 weight % of the first volume after leaching.3. The subterranean drill bit of wherein the concentration of the metal-solvent catalyst of the first volume is about 0.50 weight % to about 0.78 weight % of the first volume after leaching.4. The subterranean drill bit of wherein the metal-solvent catalyst includes at least one of iron claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , or cobalt.5. The subterranean drill bit of ...

Graphene oxide-coated graphitic foil and processes for producing same

A graphene oxide-coated graphitic foil, composed of a graphitic substrate or core layer having two opposed primary surfaces and at least a graphene oxide coating layer deposited on at least one of the two primary surfaces, wherein the graphitic substrate layer has a thickness preferably from 0.34 nm to 1 mm, and the graphene oxide coating layer has a thickness preferably from 0.5 nm to 1 mm and an oxygen content of 0.01%-40% by weight based on the total graphene oxide weight. The graphitic substrate layer may be preferably selected from flexible graphite foil, graphene film, graphene paper, graphite particle paper, carbon-carbon composite film, carbon nanofiber paper, or carbon nanotube paper. This graphene oxide-coated laminate exhibits a combination of exceptional thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, surface smoothness, surface hardness, and scratch resistance unmatched by any thin-film material of comparable thickness range. 1. A process for producing a graphene oxide-coated graphitic foil , said process comprising:{'sup': '3', '(a) preparing a core or substrate layer of a graphitic material; (b) preparing a graphene oxide gel having graphene oxide molecules dispersed in a fluid medium, wherein the graphene oxide gel is optically transparent or translucent; (c) depositing graphene oxide gel onto a surface of the core or substrate layer to form a coating thereon; (d) partially or completely removing said fluid medium from the coating to form a coated laminate; and (e) heat-treating the coated substrate or the coated laminate to form said graphene oxide-coated graphitic foil, wherein the graphene oxide coating layer has a thickness from 1 nm to 10 mm, an oxygen content of 0.01% to 40% by weight based on the total graphene oxide weight, and comprises a unitary graphene layer or a single crystal of oriented graphene planes that are parallel to one another, and wherein the graphene-coated graphitic foil has a thickness from 10 μm to 10 ...

Component Having a Multipactor-Inhibiting Carbon Nanofilm Thereon, Apparatus Including the Component, and Methods of Manufacturing and Using the Component

A high power RF energy device component is disclosed that is exposed to high power RF energy in a vacuum environment, and includes a multipactor-inhibiting carbon nanofilm covering at least one surface of the component. A secondary electron emission (SEE) coefficient of the multipactor inhibiting carbon nanofilm is desirably less than a SEE coefficient of the underlying surface of the component.

CUTTING TOOL INSERT

A polycrystalline diamond (PCD) compact and method for making the compact are provided. The method includes bringing a first PCD wafer and a second PCD wafer together at an interface in the presence of a bonding agent to form an unbonded assembly and bonding the wafers together at the interface at a pressure and temperature at which diamond is thermodynamically stable. The first PCD wafer is more thermally stable than the second PCD wafer. 1. A polycrystalline diamond compact comprising a first layer of polycrystalline diamond bonded to a second layer polycrystalline diamond , the first layer of polycrystalline diamond being more thermally stable and thinner than the second layer of polycrystalline diamond.2. A polycrystalline diamond compact according to wherein the first layer of polycrystalline diamond is thermally stable polycrystalline diamond.3. A polycrystalline diamond compact according to wherein the second layer of polycrystalline diamond contains a bonding phase comprising a solvent/catalyst.4. A polycrystalline diamond compact according to wherein the bonding between the two layers is direct diamond-to-diamond bonding. This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/017,992 filed Feb. 8, 2016, which is a Division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/668,308 filed Mar. 26, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,255,312 issued Feb. 9, 2016, which is a 35 U.S.C. § 371 of PCT/IB2009/051479 filed on Apr. 8, 2009, published on Oct. 15, 2009 under publication number WO 2009/125355 A and which claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of South African Patent Application No. 2008/03078 filed Apr. 8, 2008, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.THIS invention relates to polycrystalline diamond compacts and more particularly to a method of manufacturing polycrystalline diamond compacts.A commonly used cutting tool insert for drill bits is one which comprises a layer of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) ...

Panel with releasable core

Generally discussed herein are systems and apparatuses that can include a releasable core panel. The disclosure also includes techniques of making and using the systems and apparatuses. According to an example a technique of making a releasable core panel can include (1) arranging a mask on a center portion of the panel, the panel including a center stiffener with a first foil attached to a first side of the center stiffener by a first adhesive layer and a second foil attached to a second side of the center stiffener by a second adhesive layer, the first side of the center stiffener opposite the second side of the center stiffener, (2) removing portions of exposed edges of the panel, and (3) removing the mask.

GRADIENT NANOPARTICLE-CARBON ALLOTROPE-POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIAL

A shock wave attenuating material () includes a substrate layer (). A plurality () of shock attenuating layers is disposed on the substrate layer (). Each of the plurality () of shock attenuating layers includes a gradient nanoparticle layer () including a plurality of nanoparticles () of different diameters that are arranged in a gradient from smallest diameter to largest diameter and a graphitic layer () disposed adjacent to the gradient nanoparticle layer. The graphitic layer () includes a plurality of carbon allotrope members () suspended in a matrix (). 1. A composition comprising:a substrate, anda plurality of layers, each one of the plurality of layers includingnanoparticle layers each including a plurality of nanoparticles arranged in a gradient array from smallest to largest, wherein the gradient array is tapered in multiple directionswherein the nanoparticles within at least one of the nanoparticle layers are unrestrained.wherein the diameters of the nanoparticles in each of the nanoparticle layers vary and the nanoparticle layers do not include carbon nanotubes, andcarbon allotrope layers each including carbon allotrope members suspended in a matrix, andat least one of the carbon allotrope layers is between a first side of one of the nanoparticle layers and a second side of another one of the nanoparticle layers, andanother at least one of the carbon allotrope layers is between one of the nanoparticle layers and the substrate, wherein the another at least one of the carbon allotrope layers abuts the substrate.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the nanoparticles layers is hexagonal close packed.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle layers comprise at least one of polymers claim 1 , ceramics and metals.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles of at least one layer of the nanoparticle layers includes at least one of solid nanoparticles claim 1 , hollow nanoparticles claim 1 , core- ...

SUPERLUBRICATING GRAPHENE AND GRAPHENE OXIDE FILMS

A system and method for forming at least one of graphene and graphene oxide on a substrate and an opposed wear member. The system includes graphene and graphene oxide formed by an exfoliation process or solution processing method to dispose graphene and/or graphene oxide onto a substrate. The system further includes an opposing wear member disposed on another substrate and a gas atmosphere of an inert gas like N, ambient, a humid atmosphere and a water solution. 123-. (canceled)24. A method of interacting with reduced friction comprising:providing relative movement between a first surface having disposed thereon graphene oxide flakes and being substantially free of oil with a second surface having a diamond like coating;interacting the first surface with the second surface wherein the coefficient of friction is between 0.15 and 1.0.25. The method of claim 24 , further wherein the relative movement including an atmosphere surrounding the solution processed wear member consisting of at least one of ambient claim 24 , N claim 24 , Ar and a high vacuum.26. The method of claim 24 , wherein the substrate is selected from the group of a plastic injection mold surface claim 24 , a gun barrel claim 24 , a cutting blade and a bearing.27. The method of claim 24 , wherein the graphene oxide is a film on the first surface.28. The method of claim 24 , wherein the graphene oxide is a layer of graphene flakes on the first surface.29. A method of forming at least one of graphene and graphene oxide on a substrate claim 24 , comprising the steps of:disposing graphene oxide on the substrate substantially free of oil, thereby establishing a low friction wear surface.30. The method of claim 29 , wherein disposing graphene oxide comprises forming a layer of graphene oxide flakes.31. The method of claim 29 , wherein the layer of graphene flakes is formed by solution processing claim 29 , chemical exfoliation claim 29 , or mechanical exfoliation.32. The method as defined in wherein the step ...

POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND COMPACTS

Embodiments of the invention relate to polycrystalline diamond (“PCD”) exhibiting enhanced diamond-to-diamond bonding. In an embodiment, PCD includes a plurality of diamond grains defining a plurality of interstitial regions. A metal-solvent catalyst occupies at least a portion of the plurality of interstitial regions. The plurality of diamond grains and the metal-solvent catalyst collectively exhibit a coercivity of about 115 Oersteds (“Oe”) or more and a specific magnetic saturation of about 15 Gauss·cm/grams (“G·cm/g”) or less. Other embodiments are directed to polycrystalline diamond compacts (“PDCs”) employing such PCD, methods of forming PCD and PDCs, and various applications for such PCD and PDCs in rotary drill bits, bearing apparatuses, and wire-drawing dies. 1. A polycrystalline diamond compact , comprising:a polycrystalline diamond table including a plurality of diamond grains exhibiting diamond-to-diamond bonding therebetween and defining a plurality of interstitial regions, wherein at least some of the plurality of diamond grains exhibit an average grain size of about 10 μm to about 18 μm;wherein the polycrystalline diamond table is formed in a high-pressure/high-temperature process at a cell pressure of at least 7.5 GPa{'sub': 'ratio', 'sup': '6', 'wherein the polycrystalline diamond table includes an unleached volume exhibiting a Gof at least about 15.0×10;'} a metal-solvent catalyst occupying at least a portion of the plurality of interstitial regions, in an amount of about 3 weight % to 7.5 weight %;', 'a portion of the plurality of diamond grains and the metal-solvent catalyst collectively exhibiting a coercivity of about 115 Oersteds (“Oe”) to 250 Oe;', {'sup': 3', '3', '3, 'the portion of the plurality of diamond grains and the metal-solvent catalyst collectively exhibiting a specific magnetic saturation of about 5 Gauss·cm/grams (“G·cm/g”) to 15 G·cm/g; and'}], 'wherein the polycrystalline diamond table includes an unleached portion includinga ...

Reinforced polymeric articles

Polymeric article reinforced with a reinforcing component. The reinforcing component includes a composition made from at least one polymer and graphene sheets.

TREATMENT METHOD FOR INHIBITING PLATELET ATTACHMENT AND ARTICLES TREATED THEREBY

A device such as a medical device and a method for making same provides a surface modified by beam irradiation, such as a gas cluster ion beams or a neutral beam, to inhibit or delay attachment or activation or clotting of platelets. 1. A method of modifying a surface of an object so as to inhibit attachment of platelets thereto , the method comprising:forming a beam derived from a gas-cluster ion-beam in a reduced-pressure chamber;introducing an object into the reduced-pressure chamber; andirradiating at least a portion of the surface of said object with the beam to inhibit attachment of platelets thereto.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising cleaning said at least a portion of said surface prior to irradiating said at least a portion of said surface.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the formed beam is a gas-cluster ion-beam.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the formed beam is a Neutral Beam.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the Neutral Beam is an accelerated neutral monomer beam.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least a portion of the surface modified to inhibit the attachment of platelets thereto is adapted to promote the attachment or proliferation of non-platelet cells.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the non-platelet cells are endothelial cells.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the object is a medical device intended for surgical implant into a subject.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least a portion of the surface comprises a metal claim 1 , a ceramic claim 1 , a polymer claim 1 , or a glass an oxide claim 1 , a metal alloy claim 1 , a plastic claim 1 , a polymer claim 1 , a copolymer claim 1 , a solid resin claim 1 , a glass claim 1 , quartz claim 1 , a ceramic claim 1 , sapphire claim 1 , a glassy material claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , titania claim 1 , an alloy of titanium claim 1 , a cobalt-chrome alloy claim 1 , a cobalt-chrome-molybdenum alloy claim 1 , tantalum claim 1 , or a tantalum alloy.10. The method of claim 1 , ...

Superlubricity coating containing carbon nanotubes

A method for producing a structure containing an array of MWCNTs on a metal substrate, comprising: (i) subjecting a metal substrate to a surface oxidation process at a first elevated temperature in an oxygen-containing atmosphere and under a first reduced pressure; (ii) subjecting the metal substrate to a surface reduction process at a second elevated temperature in a reducing atmosphere and under a second reduced pressure of at least 0.01 atm and less than 1 atm to result in reduction of the surface of said metal substrate, wherein the reducing atmosphere contains hydrogen gas; (iii) subjecting the metal substrate to a third reduced pressure of no more than 0.1 atm; and (iv) contacting the metal substrate, while at the third reduced pressure and under an inert or reducing atmosphere, with an organic substance at a third elevated temperature for suitable time to produce the MWCNTs on the metal substrate.

Multilayer conformable composites

A composite including a heat conformable polymer and a nanofiber sheet is disclosed. The heat conformable polymer can be a hot melt adhesive, and the combination can provide an electrically conductive hot melt adhesive composite. The nanofiber layer is protected and the composite is conformable and/or can be adhered to a variety of surfaces.

Multi-layered graphene films, energy storage devices using multi-layered graphene films as electrodes, and methods of manufacturing multi-layered graphene films and energy storage devices

Provided are a multi-layered graphene film, a method of manufacturing the multi-layered graphene film, and an energy storage device using the multi-layered graphene film as an electrode. The multi-layered graphene film includes a first graphene layer, a spacer layer provided on the first graphene layer, and an upper graphene layer provided on the spacer layer. The spacer layer is provided to maintain a desired distance between the first graphene layer and the upper graphene layer. A plurality of layers with different layer configurations are further provided between the spacer layer and the upper graphene layer. The spacer layer may a graphene or a graphene oxide layer.

Vertically Aligned Arrays of Carbon Nanotubes Formed on Multilayer Substrates

Multilayer substrates for the growth and/or support of CNT arrays are provided. These multilayer substrates both promote the growth of dense vertically aligned CNT arrays and provide excellent adhesion between the CNTs and metal surfaces. Carbon nanotube arrays formed using multilayer substrates, which exhibit high thermal conductivity and excellent durability, are also provided. These arrays can be used as thermal interface materials.

Graphene sheets and methods for making the same

The invention relates to graphene sheets and to a method for making the same in which a solution of graphene or graphite oxide is applied to a blue steel substrate and dried.

DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEREOF

A medical device for surgical implantation adapted to serve as a drug delivery system has one or more drug loaded holes with barrier layers to control release or elution of the drug from the holes or to control inward diffusion of fluids into the holes. The barrier layers are non-polymers and are formed from the drug material itself by beam processing. The holes may be in patterns to spatially control drug delivery. Flexible options permit combinations of drugs, variable drug dose per hole, multiple drugs per hole, temporal control of drug release sequence and profile. Methods for forming such a drug delivery system are also disclosed. Gas cluster ion beam and/or accelerated Neutral Beam derived from an accelerated gas cluster ion beam may be employed. 1. A method of modifying a surface of a medical device comprising the steps:forming one or more holes in the surface of the medical device;first loading at least one of the one or more holes with a first drug; forming a first accelerated and focused gas cluster ion beam along a beam path,', 'promoting dissociation of gas cluster ions within the first gas cluster ion beam along the beam path, and', 'separating charged particles from the first gas cluster ion beam after promoting dissociation; and, 'forming a first accelerated and focused Neutral Beam comprising the steps of'}first irradiating an exposed surface of the first drug in at least one loaded hole with the first accelerated and focused Neutral Beam to form a first barrier layer at the exposed surface.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps claim 1 , prior to the loading step:forming a second beam; andsecond irradiating at least a portion of the one or more holes of the medical device with the second beam to:clean the at least a portion of the holes; and/orremove a sharp or burred edge on the at least a portion of the holes.3. The method of wherein the second beam is an accelerated and focused Neutral Beam.4. The method of wherein the second ...

Metal-free cvd coating of graphene on glass and other dielectric substrates

A catalyst-free CVD method for forming graphene. The method involves placing a substrate within a reaction chamber, heating the substrate to a temperature between 600° C. and 1100° C., and introducing a carbon precursor into the chamber to form a graphene layer on a surface of the substrate. The method does not use plasma or a metal catalyst to form the graphene.

Chalcogenide-carbon nanofiber and preparation method therefor

In order to provide a method for preparing a chalcogenide-carbon nanofiber, capable of implementing oxidation resistance characteristics and process simplification, the present invention provides a method for preparing a chalcogenide-carbon nanofiber and a chalcogenide-carbon nanofiber implemented by using the same, the method comprising the steps of: forming a chalcogenide precursor-organic nanofiber comprising a chalcogenide precursor and an organic material; and forming a chalcogenide-carbon nanofiber by selectively and oxidatively heat treating the chalcogenide precursor-organic nanofiber such that the carbon of the organic material is oxidized and the chalcogenide is reduced at the same time, wherein the oxidation reactivity of the chalcogenide is lower than that of carbon, the selective and oxidative heat treatment is carried out through one heat treatment step instead of a plurality of heat treatment steps, and the chalcogenide can form a chalcogenide-carbon nanofiber having a structure formed with at least one layer according to an oxygen partial pressure at which the selective and oxidative heat treatment is carried out.

Boron doped single crystal diamond electrochemical synthesis electrode

Synthetic monocrystalline diamond compositions having one or more monocrystalline diamond layers formed by chemical vapor deposition, the layers including one or more layers having an increased concentration of one or more impurities (such as boron and/or isotopes of carbon), as compared to other layers or comparable layers without such impurities. Such compositions provide an improved combination of properties, including color, strength, velocity of sound, electrical conductivity, and control of defects. A related method for preparing such a composition is also described, as well as a system for use in performing such a method, and articles incorporating such a composition.

Novel secondary structure of carbon nanostructure, bundle thereof and composite comprising same

The present invention relates to a novel secondary structure of carbon nanostructures, a bundle thereof and a composite comprising the same. The secondary structure according to the present invention is characterized that it is formed by a plurality of carbon nanostructures (CNSs) assembled to have a tube form in whole or in part. The novel secondary structure according to the present invention, the bundle thereof and the composite comprising the same are highly applicable in fields of energy materials, functional composites, batteries, semiconductors and the like.

3-D Diamond Printing Using a Pre-Ceramic Polymer with a Nanoparticle Filler

According to some embodiments, a method includes depositing alternating layers of a ceramic powder and a pre-ceramic polymer dissolved in a solvent. Each layer of the pre-ceramic polymer is deposited in a shape corresponding to a cross section of an object. The alternating layers of the ceramic powder and the pre-ceramic polymer are deposited until the layers of the pre-ceramic polymer form the shape of the object. The method includes heating the deposited ceramic powder and pre-ceramic polymer to at least a decomposition temperature of the pre-ceramic polymer. The decomposition temperature of the pre-ceramic polymer is less than a sintering temperature of the ceramic powder. The method further includes removing excess ceramic powder that the pre-ceramic polymer was not deposited onto.

Densification of carbon-carbon composite material with copna resin

In one example, a method for forming a densified carbon-carbon composite material comprises infiltrating a carbon fiber preform with a monomer mixture for a condensed polynuclear aromatic (COPNA) resin; polymerizing and crosslinking the monomer mixture within the carbon fiber preform to form a crosslinked COPNA by subsequently heating the carbon fiber preform infiltrated with the monomer mixture to a polymerization temperature of the COPNA resin; and carbonizing the crosslinked COPNA resin within the carbon fiber preform by heating the crosslinked COPNA resin to a carbonization temperature to form the densified carbon-carbon composite material, wherein the carbonization temperature is greater than the polymerization temperature.

WEAR RESISTANT VAPOR DEPOSITED COATING, METHOD OF COATING DEPOSITION AND APPLICATIONS THEREFOR

A low friction top coat over a multilayer metal/ceramic bondcoat provides a conductive substrate, such as a rotary tool, with wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The top coat further provides low friction and anti-stickiness as well as high compressive stress. The high compressive stress provided by the top coat protects against degradation of the tool due to abrasion and torsional and cyclic fatigue. Substrate temperature is strictly controlled during the coating process to preserve the bulk properties of the substrate and the coating. The described coating process is particularly useful when applied to shape memory alloys. 1. A wear resistant coating for a cutting edge , comprising:{'sup': 3', '2, 'a metal-ceramic coating comprising at least one pair of layers comprised of a ceramic layer overlaying a metallic layer, the metal-ceramic coating comprising a columnar structure and having a toughness of greater than about 0.05 H/E; and'}at least one top coat overlaying the metal-ceramic coating, the at least one top coat comprising an amorphous matrix having a friction coefficient of less than 0.3;wherein the at least one top coat imposes a compressive stress of from about 0.1 to about 8 gigapascals to the underlaying metal-ceramic coating.2. The coating of claim 1 , wherein the metal-ceramic coating has a hardness of greater than about 20 gigapascals.3. The coating of claim 2 , wherein the amorphous matrix of the at least one top coat comprises nanocrystals sized from about 1 to about 100 nanometers.4. The coating of claim 1 , wherein the metallic layer of the metal-ceramic coating is selected from the group consisting of titanium claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , niobium claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , hafnium claim 1 , zirconium claim 1 , alloys thereof claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The coating of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic layer of the metal-ceramic coating is selected from the group consisting of ...

SILVER-ION COATED OBJECT OBTAINED BY MICROWAVE IRRADIATION AND A METHOD FOR COATING A SILVER-ION ONTO A TARGET OBJECT

This invention provides a silver ion coated product, such as a denture and a restoration object for body deficiency, which can realize an antimicrobial coating capable of exhibiting persistent antimicrobial properties, antifouling properties, and deodorant properties. Silver ions are coated onto a target object () by microwave irradiation in such a state that the target object () is immersed in a container () containing an silver ion solution (), or the target object () has been spray coated by a sprayer () containing the silver ion solution (). Previous plasma ion coating onto the target object is also preferred. For example, silver ion coating treatment of the target object subjected to DLC coating is carried out. 120-. (canceled)21. A process for manufacturing a silver ion coated object comprising:an immersing process for immersing an object into a silver ion solution; andan irradiating process for irradiating microwave to said object in said silver ion solution.22. A process for manufacturing a silver ion coated object comprising:a spraying process for spraying a silver ion solution onto an object; andan irradiating process for irradiating microwave to said object with said sprayed silver ion solution.23. The process according to claim 21 ,wherein said object is a plasma ion coated object coated by a plasma ion coating processing.24. The process according to claim 22 ,wherein said object is a plasma ion coated object coated by a plasma ion coating processing.25. The process according to claim 21 , wherein the microwave irradiation time is 10 to 30 seconds.26. The process according to claim 22 , wherein the microwave irradiation time is 10 to 30 seconds. The present invention relates to a silver-ion coated object obtained by coating silver-ion onto a target object. Various objects can be a target object. For example, a silver-ion coated object such as a restoration object for body deficiency, a dental artificial restoration object, an artificial joint, an ...

Crystalline film of carbon nanotubes

A membrane is electrically charged to a polarity. A surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a solution is caused to acquire a charge of the polarity. The solution is filtered through the membrane. An electromagnetic repulsion between the membrane of the polarity and the CNTs of the polarity causes the CNTs to spontaneously align to form a crystalline structure.

IN SITU GROWN SiC COATINGS ON CARBON MATERIALS

A method of forming a γ-SiC material or coating by mixing SiOwith carbon and heating the mixture in vacuum wherein the carbon is oxidized to CO gas and reduces the SiOto SiO gas and reacting a carbon material with the SiO gas at a temperature in the range of 1300 to 1600° C. resulting in a SiC material or a SiC coating on a substrate. Also disclosed is the related SiC material or coating prepared by this method. 1. A method of forming β-SiC comprising:{'sub': '2', 'mixing SiOwith carbon;'}{'sub': '2', 'placing the SiOand carbon mixture in a reaction vessel;'}{'sub': '2', 'separately placing a carbon material in the reaction vessel containing the SiOand carbon mixture; and'}{'sub': '2', 'heating the reaction vessel in vacuum at a temperature in the range of 1300 to 1600° C., wherein the carbon is oxidized to CO gas and reduces the SiOto SiO gas resulting in the carbon material converting to SiC.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the carbon material is 50 microns or less.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material is porous.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material comprises graphite claim 1 , vitreous carbon claim 1 , amorphous carbon claim 1 , diamond claim 1 , or any combination thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein SiOis a powder claim 1 , an alkoxide precursor claim 1 , a crystalline or glassy morphology claim 1 , or any combination thereof.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon mixed with the SiOcomprises graphite claim 1 , vitreous carbon claim 1 , activated carbon claim 1 , carbon black claim 1 , carbon containing organic compounds claim 1 , or any combination thereof.7. A β-SiC material or coating formed by the method comprising:{'sub': '2', 'mixing SiOwith carbon;'}{'sub': '2', 'placing the SiOand carbon mixture in a reaction vessel;'}{'sub': '2', 'separately placing a carbon substrate or a carbon material in the reaction vessel containing the SiOand carbon mixture; and'}{'sub': '2', 'heating the ...

Method and apparatus for neutral beam processing based on gas cluster ion beam technology

An apparatus, method and products thereof provide an accelerated neutral beam derived from an accelerated gas cluster ion beam for processing materials.

Reinforced polymeric articles

Polymeric article reinforced with a reinforcing component. The reinforcing component includes a composition made from at least one polymer and graphene sheets.

Alkali-free glass substrate and method for manufacturing alkali-free glass substrate

The present invention relates to an alkali-free glass substrate, in which when two arbitrary sites in one main surface thereof are selected, an absolute value of a difference between a thermal shrinkage ratio in an arbitrary direction at one site and a thermal shrinkage ratio in a direction orthogonal to the arbitrary direction at another site is 2 ppm or less, provided that the thermal shrinkage ratio is calculated by measuring a deformation amount in a measuring direction of the glass substrate between before and after a heat treatment of raising a temperature from normal temperature to 600° C. at 100° C./hour, holding the glass substrate at 600° C. for 80 minutes, and lowering the temperature from 600° C. to normal temperature at 100° C./hour.

PRESSURE-SENSITIVE ADHESIVES INCLUDING EXPANDABLE GRAPHITE

A building material comprising a substrate layer and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, where the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer includes expandable graphite.

Polycrystalline diamond

A PCD body comprises a skeletal mass of inter-bonded diamond grains defining interstices between them. At least some of the interstices contain a filler material comprising a metal catalyst material for diamond, the filler material containing Ti, W and an additional element M selected from the group consisting of V, Y, Nb, Hf, Mo, Ta, Zr Cr, Zr and the rare earth elements. The content of Ti within the filler material is at least 0.1 weight % and at most 20 weight %. The content of M within the filler material is at least 0.1 weight % and at most 20 weight %, and the content of W within the filler material is at least 5 weight % and at most 50 weight % of the filler material.

PRESSURE-SENSITIVE ADHESIVES INCLUDING EXPANDABLE GRAPHITE

A building material comprising a substrate layer and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, where the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer includes expandable graphite. 1. A method of preparing a composite , the method comprising the steps of:i. providing a polymeric sheet;ii. applying a pressure-sensitive adhesive having a first and second planar surfaces to the polymeric sheet; andiii. applying expandable graphite to the second planar surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive to form a concentrated region of expandable graphite.2. The method of wherein the concentrated region of expandable graphite is discontinuous to thereby allow the pressure-sensitive adhesive to be exposed.3. The method of wherein the first planar surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive is fixedly attached to the polymeric sheet.4. The method of wherein a release liner is removably attached to the second planar surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive.5. The method of wherein said concentrated region of expandable graphite is proximate to the release liner relative to the polymeric sheet.6. The method of wherein the first planar surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive is substantially devoid of expandable graphite.7. The method of wherein the concentrated region of expandable graphite has a thickness of from about 10 μm to about 3 mm.8. The method of wherein the polymeric sheet includes a thermoplastic sheet.9. The method of wherein the polymeric sheet includes a thermoset sheet.10. The method of wherein the concentrated region of expandable graphite is formed to by dropping expandable graphite on to the second planar surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive.11. The method of wherein the expandable graphite is at least partially embedded within the pressure-sensitive adhesive.12. The method of claim 11 , where the concentrated region of expandable graphite is partially dispersed within said pressure-sensitive adhesive to form a concentration gradient whereby the concentration of the ...

Synthesis of quantum carbon nanotubes

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for producing a volume of substantially all armchair nanotubes of a preselected chirality for fabricating yarn consisting of substantially all metallic conducting armchair tubes. The systems and methods can be used for the synthesis of (10,10), (11,11), and (12,12) metallic armchair carbon nanotubes and potentially other chiralities. The elements of the present disclosure include: (i) a carbon source that provides substantial numbers of ethylene and acetylene radicals in combination with a high population of ethylene groups and a small amount of methane, (ii) a hydrogen to carbon ratio sufficient to “passivate” all other chiral growth sites to a higher degree than armchair growth sites, and (iii) a CVD process that can be tuned to create a well-controlled population of catalyst with tight diameter distribution with sparse modal distribution that falls within a range of the desired single wall diameters.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING A CARBON COMPOSITE MATERIAL

A carbon/carbon brake disk is provided. The carbon/carbon brake disk may comprise a carbon fiber, wherein the carbon fiber is formed into a fibrous network, wherein the fibrous network comprises carbon deposited therein. The carbon fiber may undergo a FHT process, wherein micro-cracks are disposed in the carbon fiber. In various embodiments, the micro-cracks may be at least partially filled with un-heat-treated carbon via a final CVD process, wherein the final CVD process is performed at a temperature in the range of up to about 1,000° C. (1,832° F.) for a duration in the range from about 20 hours to about 100 hours. In various embodiments, the un-heat-treated carbon may be configured to prevent oxygen, moisture, and/or oxidation protection systems (OPS) chemicals from penetrating the carbon/carbon brake disk. In various embodiments, the final CVI/CVD process may be configured to increase the wear life of the carbon/carbon brake disk. 1. A carbon/carbon (C/C) part , comprising:a heat-treated portion, the heat-treated portion comprising a C/C, wherein a micro-crack is disposed in the heat-treated portion; andan un-heat-treated portion, the un-heat-treated portion comprising a carbon, wherein the un-heat-treated portion is located at least partially within the micro-crack, wherein the carbon is deposited via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, wherein the CVD process is performed at a first temperature of 900 to 1,100° C. (1,652° F. to 2,012° F.) for a first duration of about 20 hours to about 100 hours.2. The carbon/carbon (C/C) part according to claim 1 , wherein the heat-treated portion undergoes a final heat treatment (FHT) process claim 1 , wherein the FHT process is performed at a second temperature in a range from 1400° C. to 2200° C. (2 claim 1 ,912° F. to 3 claim 1 ,992° F.) for a duration of 4 hours to 14 hours.3. The carbon/carbon (C/C) part according to claim 2 , wherein the micro-crack is formed during the final heat treatment (FHT) process.4. The ...

Method and apparatus for neutral beam processing based on gas cluster ion beam technology

A method of improving the surface of an object treats the surface with a neutral beam formed from a gas cluster ion mean to create a surface texture and/or increase surface area.

Method of making modified activated carbon

An activated carbon substrate which is pre-treated to make an exposed surface of the activated carbon substrate substantially hydrophilic, coated with a carbon precursor to form a coated activated carbon, and then the coated activated carbon substrate is heated to carbonize the carbon precursor to from the modified activated carbon. The modified activated carbon comprises a uniform porous carbon membrane formed on an exposed surface of the activated carbon substrate. The carbon membrane can mediate the absorption and/or adsorption kinetics of the activated carbon substrate. The modified activated carbon, which can be incorporated into one or more components of a cigarette, can selectively remove gaseous constituents from mainstream smoke during smoking.

ENHANCED HIGH ASPECT RATIO ETCH PERFORMANCE USING ACCELERATED NEUTRAL BEAMS DERIVED FROM GAS-CLUSTER ION BEAMS

A method of processing a trench, via, hole, recess, void, or other feature that extends a depth into a substrate to a base or bottom and has an opening with high aspect ratio (into depth from opening to base or bottom divided by minimum space of the trench therebetween) by irradiation with an accelerated neutral beam derived from an accelerated gas cluster ion beam for processing materials at the base or bottom of the opening. 1. Method of treating target microelectronic device surfaces located deeply within high aspect ratio trenches with a range 5:1 to 100:1 aspect ratios , i.e. ratio of the interior space between them , of the trench from opening to bottom divided interior between depth divided by minimum span to effect surface etching , addition or other modification , by directing an ANAB beam down the trench to the device therein to effect such surface modification of the target device without significant impingement on trench sidewalls , doing so without using beam centralization measures , thereby enabling repeatable damage free processing otherwise associated with high aspect ratio beam channels.2. A method for processing a trench structure having a proximate opening and a distal base or bottom material therein having an exposed surface deep within the trench accessible through said opening via the trench structure with an aspect ratio , within a range 5:1 to 200:1:providing a reduced pressure chamber;forming a gas cluster ion beam comprising gas cluster ions within the reduced pressure chamber;accelerating the gas cluster ions to form an accelerated gas cluster ion beam along a beam path within the reduced pressure chamber;promoting fragmentation and/or dissociation of at least a portion of the accelerated gas cluster ions along the beam path by increasing the range of velocities of ions in the accelerated gas cluster ion beam;removing charged particles from the beam path to form an accelerated neutral beam along the beam path in the reduced pressure ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR NEUTRAL BEAM PROCESSING BASED ON GAS CLUSTER ION BEAM TECHNOLOGY

A method of processing a trench, via, hole, recess, void, or other feature that extends a depth into a substrate to a base or bottom and has an opening by irradiation with an accelerated neutral beam derived from an accelerated gas cluster ion beam for processing materials at the base or bottom of the opening. 1. A method for processing a trench structure having a proximate opening and a distal base or bottom material therein having an exposed surface accessible through said opening via the trench structure interior , comprising the steps of:providing a reduced pressure chamber;forming a gas cluster ion beam comprising gas cluster ions within the reduced pressure chamber;accelerating the gas cluster ions to form an accelerated gas cluster ion beam along a beam path within the reduced pressure chamber;promoting fragmentation and/or dissociation of at least a portion of the accelerated gas cluster ions along the beam path by increasing the range of velocities of ions in the accelerated gas cluster ion beam;removing charged particles from the beam path to form an accelerated neutral beam along the beam path in the reduced pressure chamber;holding a workpiece comprising the trench structure in the beam path; andtreating the base material surface by directing the neutral beam path through the trench structure opening and toward the surface base or bottom material to irradiate all or part of the said surface of the base or bottom material of the trench structure.2. The method of wherein the treatment grows an epitaxial layer on the base or bottom material.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the base or bottom material is removed by the treatment.4. The method of wherein the treated material has exposed dangling bonds.5. The method of wherein the material is removed by etching claim 3 , sputtering claim 3 , reactive etching claim 3 , or inert etching.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treatment grows an epitaxial layer on the base or bottom ...

FABRICATION AND APPLICATION OF NANOFIBER RIBBONS AND SHEETS AND TWISTED AND NON-TWISTED NANOFIBER YARNS

A nanofiber forest on a substrate can be patterned to produce a patterned assembly of nanofibers that can be drawn to form nanofiber sheets, ribbons, or yarns. 1469-. (canceled)470. A process for producing a nanofiber sheet , ribbon , or yarn , the process comprising:(a) synthesizing a nanofiber forest on a substrate, wherein the nanofiber forest comprises a substantially parallel array of nanofibers;(b) patterning the array of nanofibers to produce a patterned assembly of nanofibers by patterned deposition of a catalyst on the substrate, cutting patterns in the nanofiber forest, or combinations thereof, wherein the patterned assembly of nanofibers comprises neighboring strips of nanofiber forests that are parallel and separated by regions defined by at least one of: (i) substantially no nanofibers; (ii) nanofibers of different type; (iii) nanofibers of a different height (iv) nanofibers on a different coating; (v) nanofibers of a different chemical treatment and (vi) combinations thereof; and(c) drawing said nanofibers from the nanofiber forest to form a primary assembly that is the nanofiber sheet, ribbon, or yarn.471. The process of claim 470 , wherein(a) the step of drawing occurs without twisting when the primary assembly is the nanofiber ribbon or the nanofiber sheet, wherein the nanofiber ribbon or the nanofiber sheet has a width more than one millimeter, and(b) the step of drawing includes twisting when the primary assembly is the nanofiber yarn, wherein the nanofiber yarn has a width less than one millimeter.472. The process of claim 470 , wherein the nanofibers comprise at least one of: single walled nanotubes claim 470 , double walled nanotubes claim 470 , multiwalled nanotubes claim 470 , scrolled nanotubes claim 470 , coiled nanofibers claim 470 , functionalized nanofibers and crimped nanofibers.473. The process of claim 470 , wherein the nanofibers are selected from the group consisting of imogolite nanofibers; carbon nanotubes; SiC nanofibers; ...

MEDICAL DEVICE FOR BONE IMPLANT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH A DEVICE

A bone implantable medical device made from a biocompatible material, preferably comprising titania or zirconia, has at least a portion of its surface modified to facilitate improved integration with bone. The implantable device may incorporate a surface infused with osteoinductive agent and/or may incorporate holes loaded with a therapeutic agent. The infused surface and/or the holes may be patterned to determine the distribution of and amount of osteoinductive agent and/or therapeutic agent incorporated. The rate of release or elation profile of the therapeutic agent may be controlled. Methods for producing such a bone implantable medical device are also disclosed and employ the use of accelerated Neutral Beam irradiation, wherein the Neutral Beam is derived from an accelerated gas cluster ion beam irradiation for improving bone integration. 1. A method of modifying a surface of a bone-implantable medical device comprising the steps of:coating at least a first portion of the surface of the medical device with an osteoinductive agent to form a coated surface region, said at least a first portion of the surface comprising a metal, an oxide, a ceramic or combinations thereof; andduring a first irradiating step, irradiating at least a portion of the coated surface region with a first accelerated and focused Neutral Beam, derived from a gas cluster ion beam, from which ions have been removed and consisting essentially of neutral gas monomers,wherein the first irradiating step forms a shallow surface and subsurface layer less than or equal to 10 nanometers and comprising embedded molecules and/or dissociation products of the osteoinductive agent.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the shallow surface and subsurface layer is an infused surface layer.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the osteoinductive agent comprises claim 1 , separately or in combination claim 1 , any of the materials from the group consisting of: a nutrient material claim 1 , tricalcium phosphate claim ...

POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND COMPACTS

Embodiments of the invention relate to polycrystalline diamond (“PCD”) exhibiting enhanced diamond-to-diamond bonding. In an embodiment, PCD includes a plurality of diamond grains defining a plurality of interstitial regions. A metal-solvent catalyst occupies at least a portion of the plurality of interstitial regions. The plurality of diamond grains and the metal-solvent catalyst collectively exhibit a coercivity of about 115 Oersteds (“Oe”) or more and a specific magnetic saturation of about 15 Gauss·cm/grams (“G·cm/g”) or less. Other embodiments are directed to polycrystalline diamond compacts (“PDCs”) employing such PCD, methods of forming PCD and PDCs, and various applications for such PCD and PDCs in rotary drill bits, bearing apparatuses, and wire-drawing dies. 1. (canceled)2. A polycrystalline diamond compact , comprising:a polycrystalline diamond table including a plurality of diamond grains exhibiting diamond-to-diamond bonding therebetween and defining a plurality of interstitial regions, wherein at least some of the plurality of diamond grains exhibit an average grain size of about 50 μm or less;wherein the polycrystalline diamond table includes an unleached portion including:a portion of the plurality of diamond grains and the metal-solvent catalyst collectively exhibiting a coercivity of about 115 Oersteds (“Oe”) or more; and{'sup': 3', '3, 'the portion of the plurality of diamond grains and the metal-solvent catalyst collectively exhibiting a specific magnetic saturation of about 15 Gauss·cm/grams (“G·cm/g”) or less; and'}a substrate bonded to the polycrystalline diamond table.3. The polycrystalline diamond compact of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of diamond grains exhibit an average grain size of about 10 μm to about 18 μm.4. The polycrystalline diamond compact of claim 2 , wherein the coercivity of the portion of the plurality of diamond grains and the metal-solvent catalyst collectively is about 115 Oe to about 250 Oe.5. The polycrystalline ...

Method for Durably Bonding Functional Layers to Surfaces

A new method for durably bonding layers of a functional material to surfaces physically and chemically bonds solid layer lubricants and other functional coatings to a substrate surface by first applying a bond layer of a selected substantially binder-free soft material onto the substrate surface by, for example, burnishing, and then applying the functional layer onto the bond layer. Example soft materials for the bond layer include soft oxides such as antimony trioxide and example solid layer lubricants include graphite, molybdenum disulfide and mixtures of such lubricants. The new method is a major improvement over conventional bonding or coating methods. The process is non-vacuum at ambient temperatures and requires no binders, adhesives, curing or baking. Lubricant performance is enhanced by orders of magnitude compared to conventional approaches. The method is inexpensive, environmentally friendly, applicable to almost any substrate material and scalable.

Graphene polymer composite

The present invention relates to novel nanocomposite materials, methods of making nanocomposites and uses of nanocomposite materials.

Pad Printed Apparel

A tagless article of apparel formed from a knitted fabric having a selected thickness, the article of apparel having inner and outer surfaces, and a product label pad printed directly on the inner surface from a cliché with an ink composition comprising an ink, a solvent, and a hardener, the cliché having a depth sufficient to cause the ink composition to penetrate the inner surface of the fabric to a depth less than the thickness of the fabric. 1. A tagless article of apparel , comprising:an article of apparel formed from a textile substrate having a selected thickness between an inner surface and an outer surface of the textile substrate; anda pattern comprising product label information printed directly on one of the inner surface or the outer surface, wherein the pattern penetrates the inner surface or the outer surface of the textile substrate to a depth less than the thickness of the textile substrate, and the pattern is not substantially visible from the other surface of the inner surface or the outer surface, the pattern formed from an ink composition comprising an ink, a solvent, and a hardener.2. The tagless article of apparel of claim 1 , wherein the article of apparel is selected from the group consisting of underwear claim 1 , outerwear claim 1 , activewear claim 1 , and intimate apparel.3. The tagless article of apparel of claim 1 , wherein the article of apparel is formed from materials selected from the group consisting of cotton claim 1 , polyester claim 1 , nylon claim 1 , elastomers claim 1 , and combinations thereof4. The tagless article of apparel of claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the textile substrate is at least about 40 microns.5. The tagless article of apparel of claim 1 , wherein the pattern printed on one of the inner surface or the outer surface is configured to be pad printed with a cliché the cliché having a depth of between about 40 microns and 100 microns.6. The tagless article of apparel of claim 1 , wherein the ink is acrylic- ...