METHOD OF MANUFACTURING GARNET INTERFACES AND ARTICLES CONTAINING THE GARNETS OBTAINED THEREFROM

Disclosed herein is a method including disposing in a mold a powder that has a composition for manufacturing a scintillator material and compressing the powder to form the scintillator material; where an exit surface of the scintillator material has a texture that comprises a plurality of projections that reduce total internal reflection at the exit surface and that increase the amount of photons exiting the exit surface by an amount of greater than or equal to 5% over a surface that does not have the projections. 1. A method comprising:disposing in a mold a powder that has a composition for manufacturing a scintillator material; andcompressing the powder to form the scintillator material; where an exit surface of the scintillator material has a texture that comprises a plurality of projections that reduce total internal reflection at the exit surface and that increase the amount of photons exiting the exit surface by an amount greater than or equal to 5% over a surface that does not have the projections.2. The method of claim 1 , where the scintillator material has a composition of formula (1) claim 1 ,{'br': None, 'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4, 'sub': a', 'b', 'c', 'd', '12, 'MMMMO\u2003\u2003(1)'}whereO represents oxygen,{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4, 'M, M, M, and Mrepresents a first, second, third and fourth metal that are different from each other,'} “a” has a value of about 2 to about 3.5,', '“b” has a value of 0 to about 5,', '“c” has a value of 0 to about 5,', '“d” has a value of 0 to about 1, where “b” and “c”, “b” and “d” or “c” and “d” cannot both be equal to zero simultaneously,', {'sup': '1', 'Mis rare earth element of gadolinium, yttrium, lutetium, scandium, and a combination of thereof,'}, {'sup': '2', 'Mis aluminum or boron,'}, {'sup': '3', 'Mis gallium, and'}, {'sup': '4', 'Mis a codopant and comprises one of thallium, copper, silver, lead, bismuth, indium, tin, antimony, tantalum, tungsten, strontium, barium, boron, magnesium, calcium, cerium, yttrium, ...

Crystal growth chamber with O-ring seal for Czochralski growth station

A growth chamber or a Czochralski crystal growth station has one or more re-sealable caps that are inserted into the chamber body. An O-ring seals the cap within its mating portion of the chamber body. The re-sealable caps facilitate re-use of the chamber body for a future crystal growth cycle.

Rare earth oxyorthosilicate scintillation crystals

The use of the effect of crystallographic axis orientation on the effectiveness in annealing in multiple atmospheres and chemical compositions of lutetium oxyorthosilicate crystals and other scintillator crystals is disclosed. By controlling axis orientation an favorable annealing condition can be selected to repair both internal interstitial and vacancy defects through the crystal lattice. Axis orientation can be further utilized to control the uniformity of surface finish of chemically etched crystal.

TRANSPARENT CERAMIC GARNET SCINTILLATOR DETECTOR FOR POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY

In one embodiment, a method includes forming a powder having a composition with the formula: ABCO, where h is 3±l 0%, i is 2=10%, j is 3±10%, A includes one or more rare earth elements, B includes aluminum and/or gallium, and C includes aluminum and/or gallium. The method additionally includes consolidating the powder to form an optically transparent ceramic, and applying at least one thermodynamic process condition during the consolidating to reduce oxygen and/or thermodynamically reversible defects in the ceramic. In another embodiment, a scintillator includes (GdY)x(GaAl)OD, where a is from about 0.05-2, b is from about 1-3, x is from about 2.8-3.2, y is from about 4.8-5.2, c is from about 0.003-0.3, and D is a dopant, and where the scintillator is an optically transparent ceramic scintillator having physical characteristics of being formed from a ceramic powder consolidated in oxidizing atmospheres. 1. A method , comprising:{'sub': h', 'i', 'j', '12, 'forming a powder comprising a composition with the formula: ABCO, wherein h is 3±10%, i is 2±10%, and j is 3±10%, wherein A includes one or more rare earth elements, B includes aluminum and/or gallium, and C includes aluminum and/or gallium;'}consolidating the powder to form an optically transparent ceramic;applying at least one thermodynamic process condition during the consolidating to reduce oxygen related defects and/or thermodynamically reversible defects in the ceramic; andannealing the optically transparent ceramic in an oxygen containing atmosphere at a temperature ranging from about 1000° C. to about 1900° C.2. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein A is selected from the group consisting of: yttrium claim 1 , gadolinium claim 1 , lutetium claim 1 , lanthanum claim 1 , terbium claim 1 , praseodymium claim 1 , neodymium claim 1 , cerium claim 1 , samarium claim 1 , europium claim 1 , dysprosium claim 1 , holmium claim 1 , erbium claim 1 , ytterbium claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The method as ...

RADIATION DETECTOR FOR IMAGING APPLICATIONS WITH STABILIZED LIGHT OUTPUT

A radiation detection system may include a detector. The detector may include a scintillator to convert ionizing radiation, which originates externally to the detector, into visible light, a sensor configured to detect the visible light from the scintillator, and a light source. The radiation detection system may further include a controller programmed to control the light source to expose the scintillator to a light to saturate traps in the scintillator.

Radiation detector for imaging applications with stabilized light output

A radiation detector may include a scintillator, a light source, and a sensor. The scintillator may include various scintillation materials capable of converting non-visible radiation (incoming radiation) into visible light. The sensor may be placed in adjacent or in close proximity to the scintillator, such that any converted visible light may be detected or measured by the sensor. The light source may be placed in adjacent or in close proximity to the scintillator, such that light from the light source may interact with defects in the scintillator to minimize interference on the conversion of non-visible radiation into visible light caused by the defects.

Method of manufacturing garnet interfaces and articles containing the garnets obtained therefrom

Disclosed herein is a method including disposing in a mold a powder that has a composition for manufacturing a scintillator material and compressing the powder to form the scintillator material; where an exit surface of the scintillator material has a texture that comprises a plurality of projections that reduce total internal reflection at the exit surface and that increase the amount of photons exiting the exit surface by an amount of greater than or equal to 5% over a surface that does not have the projections.

Ceramic Phoswich With Fused Optical Elements, Method Of Manufacture Thereof And Articles Comprising The Same

Disclosed herein is a scintillator comprising a plurality of garnet compositions in a single block having the structural formula (1): 2. The scintillator of claim 1 , where for M claim 1 , a portion of the gadolinium can be substituted with one or more of yttrium claim 1 , gadolinium claim 1 , lutetium claim 1 , lanthanum claim 1 , terbium claim 1 , praseodymium claim 1 , neodymium claim 1 , cerium claim 1 , samarium claim 1 , europium claim 1 , dysprosium claim 1 , holmium claim 1 , erbium claim 1 , ytterbium claim 1 , scandium or combinations thereof.3. The scintillator of claim 1 , where Mis aluminum.4. The scintillator of claim 1 , where“a” has a value 2.4 to 3.2,“b” has a value of 2 to 3,“c” has a value of 1 to 4, and“d” has a value of 0.001 to 0.5.5. The scintillator of claim 1 , where“a” has a value of about 3,“b” has a value of about 2.1 to about 2.5,“c” has a value of about 2 to about 3 and“d” has a value of about 0.003 to about 0.3.6. The scintillator of claim 1 , where the plurality of compositions are in powder form or gel form prior to an application of pressure to produce the block.7. The scintillator of claim 1 , where the plurality of garnet compositions comprise gadolinium-aluminum-gallium garnet claim 1 , gadolinium-yttrium-gallium-aluminum garnet claim 1 , gadolinium-scandium-gallium-garnet claim 1 , and/or gadolinium-lutetium-aluminum-gallium garnet.8. The scintillator of claim 1 , where the scintillator comprises GdAlGaOand GdAlGaO.9. The scintillator of claim 1 , where the scintillator comprises GdYAlGaOand GdYAlGaO.10. The scintillator of claim 1 , where the plurality of compositions comprises n different compositions and where n is 2 to 100.11. The scintillator of claim 1 , where the plurality of compositions are arranged in 2 or more different directions.12. An article having the scintillator of .13. The article of claim 12 , where the article is a positron emission tomography (PET) claim 12 , or computed tomography (CT) claim 12 , or single ...

Crystal growth crucible re-shaper

Roll forming is used for re-shaping an iridium crucible. The crucible is placed on a platen. The platen rotates the crucible while heat is applied by a plurality of torches. A plurality of rollers press on the rotating, heated crucible to re-shape. The roll forming allows for a greater number of repetitions of the re-shaping, increasing the number of uses per expensive re-fabrication of the crucible. The roll forming may provide more exact re-shaping.

Laser etched scintillation detector blocks with internally created reflectors

A scintillator element is disclosed where the scintillator element includes a scintillator formed of a scintillation material capable of converting non-visible radiation into scintillation light, wherein the scintillator has a plurality of laser-etched micro-voids within the scintillator, each micro-void having an interior surface, and an intrinsic reflective layer is formed on the interior surface of at least some of the micro-voids, wherein the intrinsic reflective layer is formed from the scintillation material.

Pulling head having a magnetic drive

A pulling head for a crystal growth furnace. The pulling head includes a servomotor and a rotatable housing attached to the servomotor, wherein the housing includes first, second, third and fourth housing magnets. The pulling head also includes a shaft attached to a scale and a connection device having first and second connection magnets. The first connection magnet is arranged between the first and second housing magnets to generate first and second magnetic repulsion forces and the second connection magnet is arranged between the third and fourth housing magnets to generate third and fourth magnetic repulsion forces. A rotation coupling is attached between the shaft and the connection device wherein the scale weighs the shaft, rotation coupling and the connection device. The servomotor rotates the housing and rotation of the housing is transmitted by the magnetic repulsion forces to the connection device to rotate the connection device.

Cantilever device for extending capacity of a scale used in a crystal growth apparatus

A cantilever device for extending capacity of a scale used in a crystal growth apparatus having a pulling head wherein upward movement of a support column in the pulling head decreases a weight measured by the scale. The device includes a horizontal arm having first and second brackets, wherein the first bracket is attached to the pulling head. The device also includes a plate that extends through openings in the first and second brackets, wherein the plate includes a contact end and a free end. Further, the device includes a flexible element attached between the arm and the plate to form a pivot to enable rotation of the plate. A load is positioned on the plate wherein the load causes rotation of the plate about the pivot to cause upward movement of the contact end to move the support column upward to decrease weight measured by the scale.

Crystal Growth Crucible Re-Shaper

Roll forming is used for re-shaping an iridium crucible. The crucible is placed on a platen. The platen rotates the crucible while heat is applied by a plurality of torches. A plurality of rollers press on the rotating, heated crucible to re-shape. The roll forming allows for a greater number of repetitions of the re-shaping, increasing the number of uses per expensive re-fabrication of the crucible. The roll forming may provide more exact re-shaping 1. A system for re-shaping a used iridium crucible , the system comprising:a platen configured to receive the used iridium crucible;a plurality of torches positioned to heat the used iridium crucible positioned on the platen;a plurality of rollers positioned adjacent to the platen so as to contact the heated, used iridium crucible positioned on the platen;a motor for rotating the platen while the heated iridium crucible is in the contact with the rollers;a spring for repositioning the iridium crucible during incremental roll forming by the rollers;a transmission for driving the rollers towards a center of rotation of the iridium crucible; anda controller configured to time movements of the rollers.2. The system of wherein the rollers are tilted toward the iridium crucible such that pressure is applied at a largest diameter of the iridium crucible claim 1 , loading the spring.3. The system of wherein the controller is configured to cause incremental withdrawal of the rollers from the iridium crucible claim 2 , allowing the spring to return the platen with the iridium crucible to a starting position.4. The system of wherein the plurality of torches comprises three or more heating torches spaced equidistant about the platen claim 1 , the three or more heating torches being radially adjustable.5. The system of wherein the plurality of rollers comprises three or more rollers spaced equidistant about a center of rotation of the platen.6. The system of wherein the motor comprises an induction motor.7. The system of further ...

Method For Controlling Gallium Content in Gadolinium-Gallium Garnet Scintillators

Disclosed herein is a method including manufacturing a powder having a composition of formula (1), 2. The method of claim 1 , where for M claim 1 , a portion of the gadolinium can be substituted with one or more of yttrium claim 1 , lutetium claim 1 , lanthanum claim 1 , terbium claim 1 , praseodymium claim 1 , neodymium claim 1 , cerium claim 1 , samarium claim 1 , europium claim 1 , dysprosium claim 1 , holmium claim 1 , erbium claim 1 , ytterbium claim 1 , or combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , where Mis gadolinium and Mis aluminum.4. The method of claim 1 , where“a” has a value about 2.4 to about 3.2,“b” has a value of about 2 to about 3,“c” has a value of about 1 to about 4, and“d” has a value of about 0.001 to about 0.5.5. The method of claim 4 , where“a” has a value of about 3,“b” has a value of about 2.1 to about 2.5,“c” has a value of about 2 to about 3, and“d” has a value of about 0.003 to about 0.3.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating the powder to a temperature of 500 to 2000° C. to melt the powder.7. The method of claim 6 , where the heating of the powder to a temperature of 500 to 2000° C. to melt the powder is conducted prior to the heating of the powder to a temperature of 800 to 1700° C. in an oxygen containing atmosphere to manufacture the crystalline scintillator.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising dissolving gallium oxide claim 1 , gadolinium oxide claim 1 , and at least one oxide of cerium claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , scandium claim 1 , yttrium claim 1 , lanthanum claim 1 , lutetium claim 1 , praseodymium claim 1 , terbium claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , ytterbium claim 1 , neodymium in an acid to form a solution.9. The method of claim 8 , where the acid is hydrochloric acid claim 8 , nitric acid claim 8 , sulfuric acid claim 8 , or a combination thereof.10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising adding a dopant to the solution claim 9 , where the dopant is a halide of cerium claim 9 , aluminum claim 9 , ...

Rare-earth oxyorthosilicate scintillator crystals and method of making rare-earth oxyorthosilicate scintillator crystals

A method of making LSO scintillators with high light yield and short decay times is disclosed. In one arrangement, the method includes codoping LSO with cerium and another dopant from the IIA or IIB group of the periodic table of elements. The doping levels are chosen to tune the decay time of scintillation pulse within a broader range (between about ~30 ns up to about ~50 ns) than reported in the literature, with improved light yield and uniformity. In another arrangement, relative concentrations of dopants are chosen to achieve the desired light yield and decay time while ensuring crystal growth stability.

Crystal Growth Crucible Lid

A lid for a crystal growth chamber crucible is constructed by forming arcuate sector-shaped portions and coupling them in abutting relationship, for example by welding, to form an annular profile fabricated lid. The arcuate sector-shaped portions may be formed and removed from a lid fabrication blank with less waste than when unitary annular lids are formed and removed from a similarly sized fabrication blank. For example, the sector-shaped portions may be arrayed in an undulating pattern on the fabrication sheet. 1. A lid for a crystal growth crucible , comprising a plurality of generally arcuate sector portions coupled together and forming a generally planar annular body.2. The lid of claim 1 , wherein the arcuate sector portions are constructed of noble metal.3. The lid of claim 2 , wherein the arcuate sector portions are constructed of iridium.4. The lid of claim 1 , wherein the arcuate sector portions are coupled by weldments.5. A method for fabricating a lid for a crystal growth crucible claim 1 , comprising:fabricating a plurality of generally arcuate sector portions;orienting at least two of the arcuate sector portions in abutting relationship to form at least a portion of a generally planar annular body;coupling the at least two oriented arcuate sector portions together along the respective abutting portions to form a larger unitized arcuate sector; andrepeating the orienting and coupling steps in any sequence to form a generally planar annular unitized body.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the fabricating is performed by removing the arcuate sector portions from a common sheet of blank material.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the number of plurality of arcuate sector portions and their dimensions is determined by reducing blank material waste not used to form said sector portions.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein at least a portion of the plurality of arcuate sector portions are arrayed in an undulating ribbon on the common sheet of blank material ...

Suppression Of Crystal Growth Instabilities During Production Of Rare-Earth Oxyorthosilicate Crystals

Disclosed are a method of growing a rare-earth oxyorthosilicate crystal and a crystal grown using the method. A melt is prepared by melting a first substance including at least one rare-earth element and a second substance including at least one element from group 7 of the periodic table. A seed crystal is brought into contact with the surface of the melt and withdrawn to grow the crystal.

Crystal Growth Atmosphere For Oxyorthosilicate Materials Production

A method of growing a rare-earth oxyorthosilicate crystal, and crystals grown using the method are disclosed. The method includes preparing a melt by melting a first substance including at least one first rare-earth element and providing an atmosphere that includes an inert gas and a gas including oxygen.

Rare-Earth Oxyorthosilicate Scintillator Crystals and Method of Making Rare-Earth Oxyorthosilicate Scintillator Crystals

A method of making LSO scintillators with high light yield and short decay times is disclosed. In one arrangement, the method includes codoping LSO with cerium and another dopant from the IIA or IIB group of the periodic table of elements. The doping levels are chosen to tune the decay time of scintillation pulse within a broader range (between about ˜30 ns up to about ˜50 ns) than reported in the literature, with improved light yield and uniformity. In another arrangement, relative concentrations of dopants are chosen to achieve the desired light yield and decay time while ensuring crystal growth stability. 1. A method of growing a single-crystalline scintillator material from a melt having a composition of the formula , LnALuSiO , wherein Ln consists essentially of one or more lanthanides , one or more actinides or a combination thereof , A consists essentially of one or more Group-IIA or -IIB elements of the periodic table of elements or any combination thereof , the method comprising:selecting a fluorescence decay time between about 30 ns and about 50 ns, inclusive, to be achieved for the grown single-crystalline material;based on the decay time to be achieved, determining a relative value between x and y, wherein x is greater than or equal to 0.00001 and less than or equal to 0.1, and y is greater than or equal to 0.00001 and less than or equal to 0.1 so as to achieve stable growth of the single-crystalline scintillator material from the melt; andgrowing a single-crystalline scintillator material from the melt with the relative value between x and y.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:Ln consists essentially of Ce, Pr, Th, Eu, Tb or any combination thereof; andA consists essentially of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd or any combination thereof.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein Ln consists essentially of Ce.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein A consists essentially of Mg claim 3 , Ca claim 3 , Sr or any combination thereof.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein:x is ...

Rare-Earth Oxyorthosilicate Scintillator Crystals and Method of Making Rare-Earth Oxyorthosilicate Scintillator Crystals

A method of making LSO scintillators with high light yield and short decay times is disclosed. In one arrangement, the method includes codoping LSO with cerium and another dopant from the IIA or IIB group of the periodic table of elements. The doping levels are chosen to tune the decay time of scintillation pulse within a broader range (between about ˜30 ns up to about ˜50 ns) than reported in the literature, with improved light yield and uniformity. In another arrangement, relative concentrations of dopants are chosen to achieve the desired light yield and decay time while ensuring crystal growth stability. 1. A method of growing a single-crystalline scintillator material from a melt having a composition of the formula , LnALuSiO , wherein Ln consists essentially of one or more lanthanides , one or more actinides or a combination thereof , A consists essentially of one or more Group-IIA or -IIB elements of the periodic table of elements or any combination thereof , the method comprising:selecting a fluorescence decay time between about 30 ns and about 50 ns, inclusive, to be achieved for the grown single-crystalline material;based on the decay time to be achieved, determining a relative value between x and y, wherein x is greater than or equal to 0.00001 and less than or equal to 0.1, and y is greater than or equal to 0.00001 and less than or equal to 0.1 so as to achieve stable growth of the single-crystalline scintillator material from the melt; andgrowing a single-crystalline scintillator material from the melt with the relative value between x and y.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:Ln consists essentially of Ce, Pr, Th, Eu, Tb or any combination thereof; andA consists essentially of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd or any combination thereof.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein Ln consists essentially of Ce.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein A consists essentially of Mg claim 3 , Ca claim 3 , Sr or any combination thereof.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein:x is ...

Radiation Detection With Optical Amplification

A device for detecting ionizing radiation includes a radiation interaction region configured to generate light in response to an interaction with the ionizing radiation, an optical gain medium region in optical communication with the radiation interaction region and configured to amplify the light, and an energy source coupled to the optical gain medium region and configured to maintain a state of population inversion in the optical gain medium region. The optical gain medium region has an emission wavelength that corresponds with a wavelength of the light generated by the radiation interaction region.

Rare-Earth Metal Halide Scintillators with Reduced Hygroscopicity and Method of Making the Same

The present disclosure discloses rare earth metal halide scintillators compositions with reduced hygroscopicity. Compositions in specific implementations include three group of elements: Lanthanides, (La, Ce, Lu, Gd or V), elements in group 17 of the periodic table of elements (CI, Br and I) and elements of group 13 (B, AI, Ga, In, TI), and any combination of these elements. Examples of methods for making the compositions are also disclosed. 1. A scintillator material , comprising:a rare-earth metal halide; anda group-13 element.2. The scintillator material of claim 1 , wherein the group-13 element comprises thallium (Tl).3. The scintillator material of claim 1 , wherein the rare-earth metal halide comprises LaBr claim 1 , LaCl claim 1 , CeBr claim 1 , CeCl claim 1 , LuIor a combination thereof.4. The scintillator material of claim 2 , wherein the rare-earth metal halide comprises LaBr claim 2 , LaCl claim 2 , CeBr claim 2 , CeClor LuIor a combination thereof.5. The scintillator material of claim 4 , wherein the rare-earth metal halide comprises LaBr claim 4 , the first rare-earth element comprises cerium (Ce).6. The scintillator material of claim 1 , wherein the rare-earth metal halide comprises at least two rare-earth metal elements.7. The scintillator material of claim 2 , wherein the rare-earth metal halide comprises at least two rare-earth metal elements.8. The scintillator material of claim 1 , wherein the rare-earth metal halide defines a crystal lattice have a symmetry that is substantially the same as the metal halide without the group-13 element.9. The scintillator material of claim 8 , wherein the rare-earth metal halide defines a crystal lattice have a symmetry that is substantially different from the metal halide without the group-13 element.10. The scintillator material of claim 9 , being an admixture or solid solution of the metal halide and a halide of the group-13 element.11. The scintillator material of claim 10 , being an admixture or solid ...

Metal Halide Scintillators With Reduced Hygroscopicity and Method of Making the Same

The present disclosure discloses, in one arrangement, a scintillator material made of a metal halide with one or more additional group-13 elements. An example of such a compound is Ce:LaBr 3 with thallium (Tl) added, either as a codopant or in a stoichiometric admixture and/or solid solution between LaBr 3 and TlBr. In another arrangement, the above single crystalline iodide scintillator material can be made by first synthesizing a compound of the above composition and then forming a single crystal from the synthesized compound by, for example, the Vertical Gradient Freeze method. Applications of the scintillator materials include radiation detectors and their use in medical and security imaging.

Mixed Halide Scintillators

A mixed halide scintillator material including a fluoride is disclosed. The introduction of fluorine reduces the hygroscopicity of halide scintillator materials and facilitates tuning of scintillation properties of the materials.

Radiation Detection Utilizing Optical Bleaching

A method and device for improving the optical performance (such as time resolution) of scintillation detectors using the optical bleaching technique are disclosed. Light of a selected wavelength is emitted by a light source into a scintillator. The wavelength is selected to meet the minimum energy requirement for releasing of charge carriers captured by the charge carrier traps in the scintillation material. Trap-mediated scintillation components are thus reduced by optical bleaching and the optical performance of the scintillator crystal and the detector is enhanced. 1. A radiation detector , comprising:a scintillator comprising a scintillation material having charge carrier traps capable of capturing charge carriers generated in the scintillation material by radiation,a light source optically coupled to the scintillator and adapted to generate and transmit into the scintillator light of a wavelength appropriate to fulfill a minimum energy requirement necessary to release captured charge carriers.2. A method of radiation detection , comprisingdetecting radiation using a scintillator to generate a light signal upon receiving radiation;detecting the light signal generated by the scintillator; andemitting a light of a predetermined wavelength in to the scintillator at the same time as the detecting step.3. The radiation detector of claim 1 , wherein the light source comprises a passive light source.4. The radiation detector of claim 3 , wherein the passive light source comprises a phosphor material.5. The radiation detector of claim 4 , wherein the passive light source further comprises a radioactive material disposed to emit radiation to the phosphor material to cause the phosphor material to generate light of the wavelength.6. The radiation detector of claim 4 , wherein the phosphor material at least partially surround the scintillation material and is disposed to receive the radiation and generate light of the wavelength upon receiving the radiation.7. The ...

Cantilever Device For Extending Capacity Of A Scale Used In A Crystal Growth Apparatus

A cantilever device for extending capacity of a scale used in a crystal growth apparatus having a pulling head wherein upward movement of a support column in the pulling head decreases a weight measured by the scale. The device includes a horizontal arm having first and second brackets, wherein the first bracket is attached to the pulling head. The device also includes a plate that extends through openings in the first and second brackets, wherein the plate includes a contact end and a free end. Further, the device includes a flexible element attached between the arm and the plate to form a pivot to enable rotation of the plate. A load is positioned on the plate wherein the load causes rotation of the plate about the pivot to cause upward movement of the contact end to move the support column upward to decrease weight measured by the scale.

Crystal Growth Chamber With O-Ring Seal For Czochralski Growth Station

A growth chamber or a Czochralski crystal growth station has one or more re-sealable caps that are inserted into the chamber body. An O-ring seals the cap within its mating portion of the chamber body. The re-sealable caps facilitate re-use of the chamber body for a future crystal growth cycle. 1. A growth chamber apparatus for a Czochralski crystal growth station , comprising:a hollow chamber body having open upper and lower ends;a base cap having a necked portion for slidable insertion into the chamber body lower end;a lid cap having a necked portion for slidable insertion into the chamber body upper end; andan O-ring interposed between the at least one of the chamber body ends and its corresponding necked portion of the base or lid, for selective sealing of the growth chamber there between.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an O-ring recess for retaining the O-ring.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , the O-ring recess formed in the corresponding necked portion of the base or the lid.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , the chamber body comprising a quartz tube.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , the quartz tube having swaged upper and lower ends.6. The apparatus of claim 4 , having O-rings between both the respective lid and base necked portions and their corresponding chamber body upper and lower ends.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , the base and lid having cooling fluid channels for circulation of cooling fluid.8. A method for sealing a growth chamber apparatus for a Czochralski crystal growth station claim 1 , comprising:providing a hollow chamber body having an open end and a cap having a necked portion for slidable insertion into the chamber body open end;orienting an O-ring between the chamber body open end and the necked portion; andsliding the necked portion into the chamber body open end, thereby interposing the O-ring there between.9. The method of claim 8 , the provided chamber body having upper and lower ends and provided corresponding lid and base caps claim ...

Pulling Head Having a Magnetic Drive

A pulling head for a crystal growth furnace. The pulling head includes a servomotor and a rotatable housing attached to the servomotor, wherein the housing includes first, second, third and fourth housing magnets. The pulling head also includes a shaft attached to a scale and a connection device having first and second connection magnets. The first connection magnet is arranged between the first and second housing magnets to generate first and second magnetic repulsion forces and the second connection magnet is arranged between the third and fourth housing magnets to generate third and fourth magnetic repulsion forces. A rotation coupling is attached between the shaft and the connection device wherein the scale weighs the shaft, rotation coupling and the connection device. The servomotor rotates the housing and rotation of the housing is transmitted by the magnetic repulsion forces to the connection device to rotate the connection device. 1. A pulling head for use in a crystal growth furnace apparatus , wherein the pulling head includes a support base , comprising:a servomotor attached to the support base;a rotatable housing attached to the servomotor, wherein the housing includes at least one housing magnet;a scale attached to the support base;a shaft attached to a scale;a connection device having at least one connection magnet wherein the at least one housing magnet and the at least one connection magnet repel each other to form a magnetic repulsion force about a first axis; anda rotation coupling attached between the shaft and the connection device wherein the scale weighs the shaft, rotation coupling and the connection device and wherein the servomotor rotates the housing and rotation of the housing is transmitted by the magnetic repulsion force to the connection device to rotate the connection device about the first axis.2. The pulling head according to claim 1 , wherein like magnetic poles of the at least one connection magnet and the at least one housing ...

Device For Separating Materials and a Method For Accomplishing the Same

Disclosed herein is a method comprising discharging a slurry from a vessel to a conduit; where the slurry comprises a liquid and a composition comprising at least two materials having different densities-a first material having a higher density and a second material having a lower density than that of the first material; creating a surge in velocity in slurry flow as it is transported through the conduit; separating the first material from the second material; where the first material is disposed on an inner surface of the conduit and where the second material flows through the conduit to a container; and removing the first material from the inner surface of the conduit. 1. A method comprising:charging a slurry to a conduit; where the slurry comprises a liquid and a composition comprising at least two materials having different densities, a first material having a higher density and a second material having a lower density than that of the first material;creating a surge in velocity in slurry flow as it is transported through the conduit;separating the first material from the second material; where the first material is disposed on an inner surface of the conduit and where the second material flows through and exits the conduit; andremoving the first material from the inner surface of the conduit.2. The method of claim 1 , where the slurry is in a state of rotary motion as it is transported through the conduit and where the surge in velocity is periodic.3. The method of claim 1 , where the surge increases the velocity in slurry flow by at least 10% over the slurry velocity in the absence of the surge.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising grinding the composition into particles to debond the first material from the second material.5. The method of claim 4 , where the particles have a particle size of 100 to 250 micrometers; where the particle size is represented by a particle diameter.6. The method of claim 4 , further comprising fractionating the particles ...

Passivation of Metal Halide Scintillators

A halide material, such as scintillator crystals of LaBr 3 :Ce and SrI 2 :Eu, with a passivation surface layer is disclosed. The surface layer comprises one or more halides of lower water solubility than the scintillator crystal that the surface layer covers. A method for making such a material is also disclosed. In certain aspects of the disclosure, a passivation layer is formed on a surface of a halide material such as a scintillator crystal of LaBr 3 :Ce of SrI 2 :Eu by fluorinating the surface with a fluorinating agent, such as F 2 for LaBr 3 :Ce and HF for SrI 2 :Eu.

Radiation detector for imaging applications with stabilized light output

A radiation detector may include a scintillator, a light source, and a sensor. The scintillator may include various scintillation materials capable of converting non-visible radiation (incoming radiation) into visible light. The sensor may be placed in adjacent or in close proximity to the scintillator, such that any converted visible light may be detected or measured by the sensor. The light source may be placed in adjacent or in close proximity to the scintillator, such that light from the light source may interact with defects in the scintillator to minimize interference on the conversion of non-visible radiation into visible light caused by the defects.

Passivation of Metal Halide Scintillators

A halide material, such as scintillator crystals of LaBr:Ce and SrI:Eu, with a passivation surface layer is disclosed. The surface layer comprises one or more halides of lower water solubility than the scintillator crystal that the surface layer covers. A method for making such a material is also disclosed. In certain aspects of the disclosure, a passivation layer is formed on a surface of a halide material such as a scintillator crystal of LaBr:Ce of SrI:Eu by fluorinating the surface with a fluorinating agent, such as Ffor LaBr:Ce and HF for SrI:Eu. 110-. (canceled)11. A material , comprising:a crystal of a first metal halide; anda surface layer on the halide crystal comprising a second metal halide having a lower water solubility than the first metal halide.121. The material of claim , wherein the first metal halide comprises a first halogen , and the second metal halide comprises a second halogen , the first halogen having a larger atomic number than the second.13. The material of claim 12 , wherein the first and second metal halides are halides of a same metal.14. The material of claim 13 , wherein the first metal halide comprises LaBr claim 13 , and the second metal halide comprises one or more of LaFBr claim 13 , LaFBr and LaF.15. The material of claim 14 , wherein the first metal halide comprise LaBr: Ce.16. The material of claim 13 , wherein the surface layer is formed by fluorinating a surface of the crystal of the first metal halide with a fluorinating agent.17. The material of claim 16 , wherein the fluorinating agent comprises one of more of F claim 16 , BF claim 16 , HF claim 16 , PF claim 16 , SbF claim 16 , SF claim 16 , NF claim 16 , SIF claim 16 , WF claim 16 , interhalogen fluoride gases and xenon fluorides.18. The material of claim 11 , wherein the first metal halide comprises SrI:Eu.19. The material of claim 18 , wherein the surface layer is formed by fluorinating a surface of a crystal of SrI:Eu with HF.20. The material of claim 11 , wherein ...

Rare-Earth Oxyorthosilicates With Improved Growth Stability And Scintillation Characteristics

A method for making a rare-earth oxyorthosilicate scintillator single crystal includes growing a single crystal from a melt of compounds including a rare-earth element (such as Lu), silicon and oxygen, a compound including a rare-earth activator (such as Ce), and a compound of a Group-7 element (such as Mn). The method further includes selecting an scintillation performance parameter (such as decay), and based on the scintillation performance parameter to be achieved, doping activator and Group-7 element at predetermined levels, or relative levels between the two, so as to achieve stable growth of the single-crystalline scintillator material from the melt. 1. A method of making a single-crystalline rare-earth oxyorthosilicate scintillator material , comprising:preparing a melt of a starting material comprising a rare-earth element, silicon, oxygen, an activator element and a Group-7 element; andgrowing from the melt a single crystal of an oxyorthosilicate of the rare-earth element doped with the activator element and Group-7 element and having a scintillation decay time in a range of about 25 ns to about 42 ns.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising selecting a scintillation decay time in a range of about 25 ns to about 42 ns claim 1 , and controlling an amount of the Group-7 element claim 1 , or relative amount between the Group-7 element and activator element claim 1 , in the melt based on the selected scintillation decay time.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rare-earth element comprises Lu claim 1 , the activator element comprises a rare-earth activator element and Group-7 element comprises Mn.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein preparing the melt comprises melting a rare-earth oxyorthosilicate doped with an activator element and a Group-7 element.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein silicon is in excess of the stoichiometric amount by from 1% to 15% relative to the rare-earth element in the starting material.6. A scintillator material comprising a ...

Crystal Growth Atmosphere For Oxyorthosilicate Materials Production

A method of growing a rare-earth oxyorthosilicate crystal, and crystals grown using the method are disclosed. The method includes preparing a melt by melting a first substance including at least one first rare-earth element and providing an atmosphere that includes an inert gas and a gas including oxygen. 1. A method of growing a rare-earth oxyorthosilicate crystal , comprising: melting a first substance comprising at least one first rare-earth element;', 'melting at least one of: a substance comprising a group 2 element, a substance comprising a group 3 element, a substance comprising a group 6 element, or a substance comprising a group 7 element;, 'preparing a melt byproviding an atmosphere comprising an inert gas and a gas including oxygen, the atmosphere being in contact with a surface of the melt; where the gas including oxygen is derived from the decomposition of one of an acid, a solid salt, a liquid salt, or a combination thereof; where the acid, the solid salt and/or the liquid salt is located in a vessel that contains the melt at the time of the decomposition;providing a seed crystal;contacting the surface of the melt with the seed crystal; andwithdrawing the seed crystal from the melt.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas including oxygen comprises an oxygen-containing compound that disassociates to oxygen.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inert gas has a thermal conductivity less than or equal to 150 mW/m-° K at the temperature used during crystal growth.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas including oxygen comprises carbon dioxide.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas including oxygen comprises at least one of carbon monoxide claim 1 , oxygen claim 1 , sulfur trioxide claim 1 , phosphorous pentoxide or an oxide of nitrogen.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxide of nitrogen comprises at least one of NO claim 1 , NO claim 1 , NO claim 1 , NO claim 1 , or NO.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the atmosphere comprises 0.01-10 ...

Laser Etched Scintillation Detector Blocks With Internally Created Reflectors

A scintillator element is disclosed where the scintillator element includes a scintillator formed of a scintillation material capable of converting non-visible radiation into scintillation light, wherein the scintillator has a plurality of laser-etched micro-voids within the scintillator, each micro-void having an interior surface, and an intrinsic reflective layer is formed on the interior surface of at least some of the micro-voids, wherein the intrinsic reflective layer is formed from the scintillation material. 1. A radiation detector , comprising:a scintillator formed of a scintillation material capable of converting non-visible radiation into scintillation light, wherein the scintillator has a plurality of laser-etched micro-voids within the scintillator, each micro-void having an interior surface;a reflective layer formed on the interior surface of each micro-void, wherein the reflective layer is formed from the scintillation material; andone or more optical sensors positioned in proximity to the scintillator, to detect the scintillation light from the scintillator.2. The radiation detector of claim 1 , further comprising an additional intrinsic reflective layer formed on outer surfaces of the scintillator claim 1 , wherein the additional intrinsic reflective layer is also formed from the scintillation material.3. The radiation detector of claim 2 , wherein the additional intrinsic reflective layer covers the scintillator on all outer surfaces except one or more outer surface portions of the scintillator facing the optical sensors.4. The radiation detector of claim 2 , further comprising a layer of reflective paint applied on the intrinsic reflective layer.5. The radiation detector of claim 2 , further comprising titanium tetracholoride (TiCl) or silicon tetracholoride (SiCl) applied to the additional intrinsic reflective layer to fill any voids in the additional intrinsic reflective layer.6. The radiation detector of claim 2 , further comprising a metal film ...

Method For Controlling Gallium Content in Gadolinium-Gallium Garnet Scintillators

Disclosed herein is a method including manufacturing a powder having a composition of formula (1), M 1 a M 2 b M 3 c M 4 d O 12   (1) where O represents oxygen, M 1 , M 2 , M 3 , and M 4 represents a first, second, third, and fourth metal that are different from each other, where the sum of a+b+c+d is about 8, where “a” has a value of about 2 to about 3.5, “b” has a value of 0 to about 5, “c” has a value of 0 to about 5 “d” has a value of 0 to about 1, where “b” and “c”, “b” and “d”, or “c” and “d” cannot both be equal to zero simultaneously, where M 1 is a rare earth element comprising gadolinium, yttrium, lutetium, scandium, or a combination of thereof, M 2 is aluminum or boron, M 3 is gallium, and M 4 is a dopant; and heating the powder to a temperature of 500 to 1700° C. in an oxygen containing atmosphere to manufacture a crystalline scintillator.

Crystal Growth Atmosphere For Oxyorthosilicate Materials Production

A method of growing a rare-earth oxyorthosilicate crystal, and crystals grown using the method are disclosed. The method includes preparing a melt by melting a first substance including at least one first rare-earth element and providing an atmosphere that includes an inert gas and a gas including oxygen. 1. A method of growing a rare-earth oxyorthosilicate crystal , comprising: melting a first substance comprising at least one first rare-earth element; and', 'melting at least one of: a substance comprising a group 2 element, a substance comprising a group 3 element, a substance comprising a group 6 element, and a substance comprising a group 7 element;', 'contacting a surface of the melt with an atmosphere comprising an inert gas and an oxygen-containing compound that disassociates to oxygen;', 'contacting the surface of the melt with a seed crystal; and', 'growing an oxyorthosilicate single crystal from the melt by withdrawing the seed crystal from the melt., 'preparing a melt by'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing compound comprises carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inert gas has a thermal conductivity less than or equal to 150 mWm-° K at the temperature used during crystal growth.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing compound comprises carbon dioxide.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing compound comprises at least one of carbon monoxide claim 1 , oxygen claim 1 , sulfur trioxide claim 1 , phosphorous pentoxide and an oxide of nitrogen.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing compound comprises at least one of NO claim 1 , NO claim 1 , NO claim 1 , NO claim 1 , or NO.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the atmosphere comprises 0.01-10 percent oxygen by volume claim 1 , inclusive.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the atmosphere comprises at least 100 ppm but less than 300 parts per million of oxygen.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the atmosphere ...

Rare Earth Oxyorthosilicate Scintillation Crystals

The use of the effect of crystallographic axis orientation on the effectiveness in annealing in multiple atmospheres and chemical compositions of lutetium oxyorthosilicate crystals and other scintillator crystals is disclosed. By controlling axis orientation an favorable annealing condition can be selected to repair both internal interstitial and vacancy defects through the crystal lattice. Axis orientation can be further utilized to control the uniformity of surface finish of chemically etched crystal. 1. A method of making a scintillator component , comprising:extracting an elongated monocrystalline scintillator element from a volume of the monocrystalline scintillator material, the elongated scintillator element having a longitudinal axis at least generally aligned with a first predetermined crystallographic axis; andsubjecting the elongated scintillator element to annealing under one or more predetermined conditions,the predetermined crystallographic axis being selected at least partially to achieve a predetermined minimum value of, or amount of improvement in, a scintillation property of the elongated scintillator element by the annealing under the one or more predetermined conditions.2. The method of claim 1 , the monocrystalline scintillator material comprising a rare-earth oxyorthosilicate scintillator material.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the rare-earth oxyorthosilicate scintillator material comprises a lutetium oxyorthosilicate.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein subjecting the elongated scintillator element to annealing under the one or more predetermined conditions comprises annealing the elongated scintillator element in an atmosphere of air claim 2 , N claim 2 , Ar claim 2 , Nwith 0-20% O claim 2 , Ar with 0-20% O claim 2 , mixtures of N2 claim 2 , or Ar with COand 0-20% O.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the rare-earth oxyorthosilicate scintillator material includes with an activator and a codopant of Group 1 claim 2 , 2 claim 2 , 3 claim 2 , 7 ...

Metal halide scintillators with reduced hygroscopicity and method of making the same

The present disclosure discloses, in one arrangement, a scintillator material made of a metal halide with one or more additional group-13 elements. An example of such a compound is Ce:LaBr3 with thallium (Tl) added, either as a codopant or in a stoichiometric admixture and/or solid solution between LaBr3 and TlBr. In another arrangement, the above single crystalline iodide scintillator material can be made by first synthesizing a compound of the above composition and then forming a single crystal from the synthesized compound by, for example, the Vertical Gradient Freeze method. Applications of the scintillator materials include radiation detectors and their use in medical and security imaging.

Device For Separating Materials

Disclosed herein is a method comprising discharging a slurry from a vessel to a conduit; where the slurry comprises a liquid and a composition comprising at least two materials having different densities-a first material having a higher density and a second material having a lower density than that of the first material; creating a surge in velocity in slurry flow as it is transported through the conduit; separating the first material from the second material; where the first material is disposed on an inner surface of the conduit and where the second material flows through the conduit to a container; and removing the first material from the inner surface of the conduit.

Passivation of Metal Halide Scintillators

Disclosed herein is a material, comprising a first metal halide that is operative to function as a scintillator; where the first metal halide excludes cesium iodide, strontium iodide, and cesium bromide; and a surface layer comprising a second metal halide that is disposed on a surface of the first metal halide; where the second metal halide has a lower water solubility than the first metal halide.

Passivation of Metal Halide Scintillators

Disclosed herein is a material, comprising a first metal halide that is operative to function as a scintillator; where the first metal halide excludes cesium iodide, strontium iodide, and cesium bromide; and a surface layer comprising a second metal halide that is disposed on a surface of the first metal halide; where the second metal halide has a lower water solubility than the first metal halide.

Ceramic phoswich with fused optical elements, method of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same

Disclosed herein is a scintillator comprising a plurality of garnet compositions in a single block having the structural formula (1):          M 1 aM 2 bM 3 cM 4 dO 12      (1) where O represents oxygen, M 1 , M 2 , M 3 , and M 4 represents a first, second, third and fourth metal that are different from each other, where the sum of a + b + c+ d is about 8, where "a" has a value of 2 to 3.5, "b" has a value of 0 to 5, "c" has a value of 0 to 5 "d" has a value of 0 to 1, where "b" and "c", "b" and "d" or "c" and "d" cannot both be equal to zero simultaneously, , where M 1 is rare earth element including gadolinium, yttrium, lutetium, or a combination thereof, M 2 is aluminum or boron, M 3 is gallium and M 4 is a codopant; wherein two compositions having identical structural formulas are not adjacent to each other and wherein the single block is devoid of optical interfaces between different compositions.

Crystal growth crucible lid

A lid for a crystal growth chamber crucible is constructed by forming arcuate sector-shaped portions and coupling them in abutting relationship, for example by welding, to form an annular profile fabricated lid. The arcuate sector-shaped portions may be formed and removed from a lid fabrication blank with less waste than when unitary annular lids are formed and removed from a similarly sized fabrication blank. For example, the sector-shaped portions may be arrayed in an undulating pattern on the fabrication sheet.

Crystal growth atmosphere for oxyorthosilicate materials production

A method of growing a rare-earth oxyorthosilicate crystal, and crystals grown using the method are disclosed. The method includes preparing a melt by melting a first substance including at least one first rare-earth element and providing an atmosphere that includes an inert gas and a gas including oxygen.

Cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (lso) scintillators

A method of making LSO scintillators with high light yield and short decay times is disclosed. In one arrangement, the method includes codoping LSO with cerium and another dopant from the IIA or IIB group of the periodic table of elements. The doping levels are chosen to tune the decay time of scintillation pulse within a broader range (between about - 30 ns up to about - 50 ns) than reported in the literature, with improved light yield and uniformity. In another arrangement, relative concentrations of dopants are chosen to achieve the desired light yield and decay time while ensuring crystal growth stability.

Method of calibrating multi-crystal single block radiation detectors

A method of calibrating multi-crystal, single block radiation detectors for use in positron emission tomography and other devices with multi-crystal, single block radiation detectors that are used to determine gamma ray distribution. The detector units are individually subjected to a gamma ray flood source wherein the gamma ray has an energy in excess of about 0.7 MeV, and preferably above about 1.0 MeV. Energies of up to about 10 MeV are usable with the calibration method, with higher energies giving rise to containment and handling problems because of the energy. The light produced within each of the crystals is converted to electrical signals through, for example, photomultiplier tubes. These signals are used to generate a lookup map, this map providing information as to the correct positioning and response of each crystal in the array of crystals of the block detector. The method is useful for detector blocks of of many sizes that are divided into arrays of a large number of crystals.

Depth of interaction detector block for high resolution positron emission tomography

A depth of interaction detector block for improving the spatial resolution and uniformity in modern high resolution PET systems over an entire FOV. An LSO crystal layer, a GSO crystal layer, and a light guide are stacked on each other and mounted on a 2×2 PMT set, so that the corners of the phoswich are positioned over the PMT centers. The crystal phoswich is cut into a matrix of discrete crystals. The separation of the LSO and the GSO layers by pulse shape discrimination allows discrete DOI information to be obtained. The block design provides an external light guide used to share the scintillation light in four PMTs. The 4 PMT signals S i are connected to an amplifier box which offers a 4 pole semi-Gaussian shaping for each of the four PMT signals, a sample clock for triggering the ADC cards and a fast sum signal Σ i S i of the four PMT signals S i for pulse shape discrimination. A CFD provides a START signal for the time to pulse height converter. The fast sum signal is in addition differentiated and integrated with a fast filter amplifier and connected to a CFD, which provides a STOP signal for the TAC. The outputs of the shaped PMT signals and the TAC are connected to two ADC cards running under computer control.

Segmented scintillation detector for encoding the coordinates of photon interactions

Light guides (1) capable of encoding the transverse and longitudinal coordinates of light emission induced by the interaction of photons in an array of a plurality of the light guides. Each light guide has at least two discrete crystal segments (4) adjacently disposed along a common longitudinal axis of the light guide (1). Between adjacent segments is a boundary layer (7) having less light transmission than the light transmission of the crystal segments (4). A light absorbing mask (8) increases light adsorption in a segment (4). Photons enter the light guide (1) and cause the emission of scintillation light which is delivered in different and resolvable quantities to light sensing devices. The differences in quantity of delivered light is caused by successive decreases in light in part by the boundary layers (7). The differences in quantity of light establish the segment from which the light emission took place.

Method for fabrication of a detector component using laser technology

A method for fabricating a detector or light guide using laser technology. The method yields a detector component such as a scintillator, light guide or optical sensor which provides for the internal manipulation of light waves via the strategic formation of micro-voids to that enhances control and collection of scintillation light, allowing for accurate decoding of the output characteristics of the arrayimpinging radiation. The method uses laser technology to create micro-voids within a target media to optically segment the media. The micro-voids are positioned to define optical boundaries of the optically-segmented portions forming virtual resolution elements within the scintillator. Each micro-void is formed at its selected location using a laser source. The laser source generates and focuses a beam of light into the target media sequentially to form the micro-voids. The laser beam ablates media at the focal point, thereby yielding the micro-void.

Method for fabrication of a detector component using laser technology

A method for fabricating a detector or light guide using laser technology. The method yields a detector component such as a scintillator, light guide or optical sensor which provides for the internal manipulation of light waves via the strategic formation of micro-voids to that enhances control and collection of scintillation light, allowing for accurate decoding of the output characteristics of the arrayimpinging radiation. The method uses laser technology to create micro-voids within a target media to optically segment the media. The micro-voids are positioned to define optical boundaries of the optically-segmented portions forming virtual resolution elements within the scintillator. Each micro-void is formed at its selected location using a laser source. The laser source generates and focuses a beam of light into the target media sequentially to form the micro-voids. The laser beam ablates media at the focal point, thereby yielding the micro-void.

Method for controlling gallium content in gadolinium-gallium garnet scintillators

Método de controle do teor de gálio em cintiladores de granada de gadolínio e gálio

método de controle do teor de gálio em cintiladores de granada de gadolínio e gálio. a presente invenção refere-se a um método que inclui fabricar um pó tendo uma composição de fórmula (1), m1am2bm3cm4do12 (1) onde o representa oxigênio, m1, m2, m3 e m4 representam um primeiro, segundo, terceiro e quarto metal que são diferentes um do outro, onde a soma de a + b + c + d é cerca de 8, onde "a" tem um valor de cerca de 2 a cerca de 3,5, "b" tem um valor de 0 a cerca de 5, "c" tem um valor de 0 a cerca de 5, "d" tem um valor de 0 a cerca de 1, onde "b" e "c", "b" e "d", ou "c" e "d" não podem ser ambos iguais a zero simultaneamente, onde m1 é um elemento de terras raras compreendendo gadolínio, ítrio, lutécio, escândio ou uma combinação dos mesmos, m2 é alumínio ou boro, m3 é gálio e m4 é um dopante; e aquecer o pó a uma temperatura de 500 a 1700°c em uma atmosfera contendo oxigênio para fabricar um cintilador cristalino.

Segmented scintillation detector for photon interaction coordinates

Mixed halide scintillators

A mixed halide scintillator material including a fluoride is disclosed. The introduction of fluorine reduces the hygroscopicity of halide scintillator materials and facilitates tuning of scintillation properties of the materials.

Seltenerd-Metallhalogenid-Szintillatoren mit verminderter Hygroskopizität und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

Die vorliegende Offenlegung betrifft Seltenerd-Metallhalogenid-Szintillatorzusammensetzungen mit verminderter Hygroskopizität. Die Zusammensetzungen in speziellen Ausführungsbeispielen umfassen drei Gruppen von Elementen: Lanthanoide, (La, Ce, Lu, Gd oder V), Elemente der Gruppe 17 des Periodensystems der Elemente (Cl, Br und I) und Elemente der Gruppe 13 (B, Al, Ga, In, Tl) und alle Kombinationen aus diesen Elementen. Ferner werden auch Beispiele für Verfahren zur Herstellung der Zusammensetzungen offengelegt.

Metal halide scintillators with reduced hygroscopicity and method of making the same

The present disclosure discloses, in one arrangement, a scintillator material made of a metal halide with one or more additional group-13 elements. An example of such a compound is Ce:LaBr 3 with thallium (Tl) added, either as a codopant or in a stoichiometric admixture and/or solid solution between LaBr 3 and TlBr. In another arrangement, the above single crystalline iodide scintillator material can be made by first synthesizing a compound of the above composition and then forming a single crystal from the synthesized compound by, for example, the Vertical Gradient Freeze method. Applications of the scintillator materials include radiation detectors and their use in medical and security imaging

Rare-earth metal halide scintillators with reduced hygroscopicity and method of making the same

The present disclosure discloses rare earth metal halide scintillators compositions with reduced hygroscopicity. Compositions in specific implementations include three group of elements: Lanthanides, (La, Ce, Lu, Gd or V), elements in group 17 of the periodic table of elements (CI, Br and I) and elements of group 13 (B, AI, Ga, In, TI), and any combination of these elements. Examples of methods for making the compositions are also disclosed.

Metal halide scintillators with reduced hygroscopicity and method of making the same

The present disclosure discloses, in one arrangement, a scintillator material made of a metal halide with one or more additional group-13 elements. An example of such a compound is Ce:LaBr 3 with thallium (Tl) added, either as a codopant or in a stoichiometric admixture and/or solid solution between LaBr 3 and TlBr. In another arrangement, the above single crystalline iodide scintillator material can be made by first synthesizing a compound of the above composition and then forming a single crystal from the synthesized compound by, for example, the Vertical Gradient Freeze method. Applications of the scintillator materials include radiation detectors and their use in medical and security imaging.