TURBOMACHINE

A variable geometry turbine comprising a turbine wheel mounted for rotation about a turbine axis within a housing. The housing defines an annular inlet surrounding the turbine wheel and defined between first and second inlet sidewalls. The turbine further comprises a cylindrical sleeve that is axially movable across the annular inlet to vary the size of a gas flow path through the inlet. The annular inlet is divided into at least two axially offset inlet passages. The inner diameter of the sleeve is greater than the inner diameter of the inlet passages.

Turbomachine

A variable geometry turbine comprising a turbine wheel mounted for rotation about a turbine axis within a housing. The housing defines an annular inlet surrounding the turbine wheel and defined between first and second inlet sidewalls. The turbine further comprises a cylindrical sleeve that is axially movable across the annular inlet to vary the size of a gas flow path through the inlet. The annular inlet is divided into at least two axially offset inlet passages. The inner diameter of the sleeve is greater than the inner diameter of the inlet passages.

Variable geometry turbine

TURBOMACHINE

A variable geometry turbine comprising a turbine wheel mounted for rotation about a turbine axis within a housing. The housing defines an annular inlet surrounding the turbine wheel and defined between first and second inlet sidewalls. The turbine further comprises a cylindrical sleeve that is axially movable across the annular inlet to vary the size of a gas flow path through the inlet. The annular inlet is divided into at least two axially offset inlet passages. The inner diameter of the sleeve is greater than the inner diameter of the inlet passages. 1. A variable geometry turbine comprising a turbine wheel mounted for rotation about a turbine axis within a housing , the housing defining an annular inlet surrounding the turbine wheel and defined between first and second inlet sidewalls; anda cylindrical sleeve axially movable across the annular inlet to vary the size of a gas flow path through the inlet;wherein the annular inlet is divided into at least two axially offset inlet passages, andwherein the inner diameter of the sleeve is greater than the inner diameter of the inlet passages.2. A variable geometry turbine according to claim 1 , wherein the inner diameter of the sleeve is less than or substantially equal to the outer diameter of the inlet passages.3. A variable geometry turbine according to claim 1 , wherein the inner diameter of the sleeve is greater than the outer diameter of the inlet passages.4. A variable geometry turbine according to claim 1 , wherein the sleeve is axially movable across the annular inlet in a direction towards the second inlet sidewall so as reduce the size of the gas flow path through the inlet claim 1 , and wherein at least a portion of an end of the sleeve nearer to the first inlet sidewall than the second inlet sidewall is configured so as to be exposable to gases flowing through said annular inlet during use.5. A variable geometry turbine according to claim 1 , wherein the sleeve is axially movable across the annular inlet ...

DIFFUSION BARRIER LAYER FORMATION

A method of forming a titanium nitride (TiN) diffusion barrier includes exposing a deposition surface to a first pulse of a titanium-containing precursor and to a first pulse of a nitrogen-rich plasma to form a first TiN layer with a first nitrogen concentration making a lower portion of the TiN diffusion barrier, the first nitrogen concentration of the first TiN layer is increased by the first pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma reducing a reactivity of the lower portion of the TiN diffusion barrier to prevent fluorine diffusion. The first TiN layer is exposed to second pulses of the titanium-containing precursor and the nitrogen-rich plasma to form a second TiN layer with a second nitrogen concentration above the first TiN layer making an upper portion of the TiN diffusion barrier, the first pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma has a substantially longer duration than the second pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma.

TURBOMACHINE

A variable geometry turbine comprising a turbine wheel mounted for rotation about a turbine axis within a housing. The housing defines an annular inlet surrounding the turbine wheel and defined between first and second inlet sidewalls. The turbine further comprises a cylindrical sleeve that is axially movable across the annular inlet to vary the size of a gas flow path through the inlet. The annular inlet is divided into at least two axially offset inlet passages. The inner diameter of the sleeve is greater than the inner diameter of the inlet passages. 1. A variable geometry turbine comprisinga turbine wheel mounted for rotation about a turbine axis within a housing, the housing defining an annular inlet surrounding the turbine wheel and defined between first and second inlet sidewalls; anda cylindrical sleeve axially movable across the annular inlet to vary the size of a gas flow path through the inlet;wherein the annular inlet is divided into at least two axially offset inlet passages, andwherein the inner diameter of the sleeve is greater than the inner diameter of the inlet passages.2. A variable geometry turbine according to claim 1 , wherein the inner diameter of the sleeve is less than or substantially equal to the outer diameter of the inlet passages.3. A variable geometry turbine according to claim 1 , wherein the inner diameter of the sleeve is greater than the outer diameter of the inlet passages.4. A variable geometry turbine according to claim 1 , wherein the sleeve is axially movable across the annular inlet in a direction towards the second inlet sidewall so as reduce the size of the gas flow path through the inlet claim 1 , and wherein at least a portion of an end of the sleeve nearer to the first inlet sidewall than the second inlet sidewall is configured so as to be exposable to gases flowing through said annular inlet during use.5. A variable geometry turbine according to claim 1 , wherein the sleeve is axially movable across the annular inlet in ...

Turbomachine

According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a variable geometry turbine comprising: a turbine wheel mounted for rotation about a turbine axis within a housing, the housing defining an annular inlet surrounding the turbine wheel and defined between first and second inlet sidewalls, the annular inlet being divided into at least two axially offset inlet portions; a cylindrical sleeve axially movable across the annular inlet to vary the size of a gas flow path through the inlet; and a guide for guiding the movement of the cylindrical sleeve, the guide being at least partially located within the inlet at a radially extent of the inlet portions, and extending in an axial direction parallel to the turbine axis.

Diffusion barrier layer formation

A method of forming a titanium nitride (TiN) diffusion barrier includes exposing a deposition surface to a first pulse of a titanium-containing precursor and to a first pulse of a nitrogen-rich plasma to form a first TiN layer with a first nitrogen concentration making a lower portion of the TiN diffusion barrier, the first nitrogen concentration of the first TiN layer is increased by the first pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma reducing a reactivity of the lower portion of the TiN diffusion barrier to prevent fluorine diffusion. The first TiN layer is exposed to second pulses of the titanium-containing precursor and the nitrogen-rich plasma to form a second TiN layer with a second nitrogen concentration above the first TiN layer making an upper portion of the TiN diffusion barrier, the first pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma has a substantially longer duration than the second pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma.

Diffusion barrier layer formation

A method of forming a titanium nitride (TiN) diffusion barrier includes exposing a deposition surface to a first pulse of a titanium-containing precursor and to a first pulse of a nitrogen-rich plasma to form a first TiN layer with a first nitrogen concentration making a lower portion of the TiN diffusion barrier, the first nitrogen concentration of the first TiN layer is increased by the first pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma reducing a reactivity of the lower portion of the TiN diffusion barrier to prevent fluorine diffusion. The first TiN layer is exposed to second pulses of the titanium-containing precursor and the nitrogen-rich plasma to form a second TiN layer with a second nitrogen concentration above the first TiN layer making an upper portion of the TiN diffusion barrier, the first pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma has a substantially longer duration than the second pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma.

TURBOMACHINE

According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a variable geometry turbine comprising: a turbine wheel mounted for rotation about a turbine axis within a housing, the housing defining an annular inlet surrounding the turbine wheel and defined between first and second inlet sidewalls, the annular inlet being divided into at least two axially offset inlet portions; a cylindrical sleeve axially movable across the annular inlet to vary the size of a gas flow path through the inlet; and a guide for guiding the movement of the cylindrical sleeve, the guide being at least partially located within the inlet at a radially extent of the inlet portions, and extending in an axial direction parallel to the turbine axis. 1. A variable geometry turbine comprising:a turbine wheel mounted for rotation about a turbine axis within a housing, the housing defining an annular inlet surrounding the turbine wheel and defined between first and second inlet sidewalls, the annular inlet being divided into at least two axially offset inlet portions;a cylindrical sleeve axially movable across the annular inlet to vary the size of a gas flow path through the inlet; anda guide for guiding the movement of the cylindrical sleeve, the guide being at least partially located within the inlet at a radially extent of the inlet portions, and extending in an axial direction parallel to the turbine axis.2. The variable geometry turbine of claim 1 , wherein the guide comprises one or more elongate members.3. The variable geometry turbine of claim 1 , further comprising:one or more vanes located in one or both inlet portions, the one or more vanes dividing an inlet portion into at least two inlet passages,and wherein the guide comprises:one or more edges of the one or more vanes.4. A variable geometry turbine comprising:a turbine wheel mounted for rotation about a turbine axis within a housing;the housing defining an annular inlet surrounding the turbine wheel and defined between ...

DIFFUSION BARRIER LAYER FORMATION

A method of forming a titanium nitride (TiN) diffusion barrier includes exposing a deposition surface to a first pulse of a titanium-containing precursor and to a first pulse of a nitrogen-rich plasma to form a first TiN layer with a first nitrogen concentration making a lower portion of the TiN diffusion barrier, the first nitrogen concentration of the first TiN layer is increased by the first pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma reducing a reactivity of the lower portion of the TiN diffusion barrier to prevent fluorine diffusion. The first TiN layer is exposed to second pulses of the titanium-containing precursor and the nitrogen-rich plasma to form a second TiN layer with a second nitrogen concentration above the first TiN layer making an upper portion of the TiN diffusion barrier, the first pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma has a substantially longer duration than the second pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma. 1. A method of forming a titanium nitride diffusion barrier , the method comprising:exposing a deposition surface to a first pulse of a titanium-containing precursor gas to initiate a nucleation of the titanium nitride diffusion barrier in the deposition surface, wherein the deposition surface comprises sidewalls and a bottom of a contact opening;exposing the deposition surface to a first pulse of a nitrogen-rich plasma to form a first titanium nitride layer with a first nitrogen concentration in the deposition surface, the first titanium nitride layer comprises a lower portion of the titanium nitride diffusion barrier, wherein the first nitrogen concentration of the first titanium nitride layer is substantially increased by the first pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma, the increased nitrogen concentration of the first titanium nitride layer lowers a reactivity of the lower portion of the titanium nitride diffusion barrier to prevent fluorine diffusion;exposing the first titanium nitride layer to a second pulse of the titanium-containing precursor gas to ...

Turbomachine

A variable geometry turbine comprising a turbine wheel mounted for rotation about a turbine axis within a housing. The housing defines an annular inlet surrounding the turbine wheel and defined between first and second inlet sidewalls. The turbine further comprises a cylindrical sleeve that is axially movable across the annular inlet to vary the size of a gas flow path through the inlet. The annular inlet is divided into at least two axially offset inlet passages. The inner diameter of the sleeve is greater than the inner diameter of the inlet passages.

DIFFUSION BARRIER LAYER FORMATION

A method of forming a titanium nitride (TiN) diffusion barrier includes exposing a deposition surface to a first pulse of a titanium-containing precursor and to a first pulse of a nitrogen-rich plasma to form a first TiN layer with a first nitrogen concentration making a lower portion of the TiN diffusion barrier, the first nitrogen concentration of the first TiN layer is increased by the first pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma reducing a reactivity of the lower portion of the TiN diffusion barrier to prevent fluorine diffusion. The first TiN layer is exposed to second pulses of the titanium-containing precursor and the nitrogen-rich plasma to form a second TiN layer with a second nitrogen concentration above the first TiN layer making an upper portion of the TiN diffusion barrier, the first pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma has a substantially longer duration than the second pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma.

Turbomachine

A variable geometry turbine comprising a turbine wheel mounted for rotation about a turbine axis within a housing. The housing defines an annular inlet surrounding the turbine wheel and defined between first and second inlet sidewalls. The turbine further comprises a cylindrical sleeve that is axially movable across the annular inlet to vary the size of a gas flow path through the inlet. The annular inlet is divided into at least two axially offset inlet passages. The inner diameter of the sleeve is greater than the inner diameter of the inlet passages.

TURBOMACHINE

According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a variable geometry turbine comprising: a turbine wheel mounted for rotation about a turbine axis within a housing, the housing defining an annular inlet surrounding the turbine wheel and defined between first and second inlet sidewalls, the annular inlet being divided into at least two axially offset inlet portions; a cylindrical sleeve axially movable across the annular inlet to vary the size of a gas flow path through the inlet; and a guide for guiding the movement of the cylindrical sleeve, the guide being at least partially located within the inlet at a radially extent of the inlet portions, and extending in an axial direction parallel to the turbine axis.

Automatic capacitance tuning for robust middle of the line contact and silicide applications

A method includes forming a first metal liner conformally along a sidewall and a bottom of a contact opening. A second metal liner is formed above and in direct contact with the first metal liner, a grain size of the first metal liner is larger than a grain size of the second metal liner. A barrier layer is formed above and in direct contact with the second metal liner and the contact opening is filled with a conductive material to form a middle-of-the-line contact.

variable geometry turbine.

DIFFUSION BARRIER LAYER FORMATION

A method of forming a titanium nitride (TiN) diffusion barrier includes exposing a deposition surface to a first pulse of a titanium-containing precursor and to a first pulse of a nitrogen-rich plasma to form a first TiN layer with a first nitrogen concentration making a lower portion of the TiN diffusion barrier, the first nitrogen concentration of the first TiN layer is increased by the first pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma reducing a reactivity of the lower portion of the TiN diffusion barrier to prevent fluorine diffusion. The first TiN layer is exposed to second pulses of the titanium-containing precursor and the nitrogen-rich plasma to form a second TiN layer with a second nitrogen concentration above the first TiN layer making an upper portion of the TiN diffusion barrier, the first pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma has a substantially longer duration than the second pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma.

Diffusion barrier layer formation

A method of forming a titanium nitride (TiN) diffusion barrier includes exposing a deposition surface to a first pulse of a titanium-containing precursor and to a first pulse of a nitrogen-rich plasma to form a first TiN layer with a first nitrogen concentration making a lower portion of the TiN diffusion barrier, the first nitrogen concentration of the first TiN layer is increased by the first pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma reducing a reactivity of the lower portion of the TiN diffusion barrier to prevent fluorine diffusion. The first TiN layer is exposed to second pulses of the titanium-containing precursor and the nitrogen-rich plasma to form a second TiN layer with a second nitrogen concentration above the first TiN layer making an upper portion of the TiN diffusion barrier, the first pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma has a substantially longer duration than the second pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma.

Diffusion barrier layer formation

A method of forming a titanium nitride (TiN) diffusion barrier includes exposing a deposition surface to a first pulse of a titanium-containing precursor and to a first pulse of a nitrogen-rich plasma to form a first TiN layer with a first nitrogen concentration making a lower portion of the TiN diffusion barrier, the first nitrogen concentration of the first TiN layer is increased by the first pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma reducing a reactivity of the lower portion of the TiN diffusion barrier to prevent fluorine diffusion. The first TiN layer is exposed to second pulses of the titanium-containing precursor and the nitrogen-rich plasma to form a second TiN layer with a second nitrogen concentration above the first TiN layer making an upper portion of the TiN diffusion barrier, the first pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma has a substantially longer duration than the second pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma.

DIFFUSION BARRIER LAYER FORMATION

A method of forming a titanium nitride (TiN) diffusion barrier includes exposing a deposition surface to a first pulse of a titanium-containing precursor and to a first pulse of a nitrogen-rich plasma to form a first TiN layer with a first nitrogen concentration making a lower portion of the TiN diffusion barrier, the first nitrogen concentration of the first TiN layer is increased by the first pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma reducing a reactivity of the lower portion of the TiN diffusion barrier to prevent fluorine diffusion. The first TiN layer is exposed to second pulses of the titanium-containing precursor and the nitrogen-rich plasma to form a second TiN layer with a second nitrogen concentration above the first TiN layer making an upper portion of the TiN diffusion barrier, the first pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma has a substantially longer duration than the second pulse of the nitrogen-rich plasma.

Variable geometry turbine

A variable geometry turbine comprises a turbine wheel mounted within a housing for rotation about a turbine axis; and a gas flow control passage upstream of said turbine wheel, the gas flow control passage being defined at least in part between a radial first surface of a movable wall member and a facing wall of the housing, the movable wall member also comprising second and third surfaces which oppose the first surface. The movable wall member is movable in an axial direction so as to vary the size of the gas flow control passage. There is a first gas region of the turbine, a portion of which is upstream of the gas flow control passage, the first gas region including at least a portion of the gas flow control passage; a second gas region of the turbine downstream of the gas flow control passage which contains the turbine wheel; and a third gas region of the turbine downstream of the turbine wheel. The first gas region comprises the first and second surfaces, and the second gas region or third gas region comprises the third surface.

System and method of determining personalized wellness measures associated with plurality of dimensions

A processor implemented method of determining personalized wellness measures associated plurality of dimensions of an individual is provided. The processor implemented method includes at least one of: receiving, plurality of information associated with plurality of sensors; processing, the plurality of information associated with the plurality of sensors to obtain plurality of low-level features; determining, at least one digital behavioral marker based on the plurality of low-level features; processing, at least one dimension associated with a plurality of well-being of the individual based on the at least one digital behavioral marker to determine a set of objective features; generating, one or more wellness scores for the set of objective features associated with the at least one well-being dimension of the individual; and dynamically recommending, one or more behavior changes based on the one or more generated wellness scores of the individual.

Variable geometry turbine

A variable geometry turbine comprising a turbine wheel mounted for rotation about a turbine axis within a housing. The housing defines an annular inlet surrounding the turbine wheel and defined between first and second inlet sidewalls. The turbine further comprises a cylindrical sleeve that is axially movable across the annular inlet to vary the size of a gas flow path through the inlet. The annular inlet is divided into at least two axially offset inlet passages. The inner diameter of the sleeve is greater than the inner diameter of the inlet passages.

Systems and methods for simulation of humans by human twin

Systems and methods for simulation of humans using a human twin is provided. The traditional systems and methods cite for human body digitization but do not provide for real-time simulation of humans using digital twins. The embodiments of the proposed disclosure provide for optimizing a real-time operating environment by simulating humans by obtaining a first set of information comprising real-time data of humans from a plurality of sources; extracting, based upon the first set of information, a second set of information comprising real-time contextually correlated data corresponding to humans; creating, from the second set of information, a plurality of process models; simulating, by implementing the human twin, each of the plurality of process models and the first set of information for generating a set of simulated information; and optimizing the real-time operating environment using the set of simulated information.

Method and system for detection and validation of nocturia in a person

Nocturia has been defined as the need for an individual to wake up one or more times during the night to void. Further, Nocturia detection also requires analysis of sleeping pattern of the person. In such cases a lot of assumptions are made when the person is not in bedroom during nights. A method and system for detection and validation of Nocturia in the person has been provided. The system is utilizing a statistical based analysis, a rule based analysis, a machine learning based analysis and analysis of sleeping pattern of the person to detect and validate Nocturia. The system ensures that the person is not disturbed in his/her daily activities. Further, the processes deployed in the system are completely un-supervisory in nature meaning it does not have the dependency of needing to have trained machine learning dataset.

Method and system for detection and validation of nocturia in a person

Rechargeable copper-zinc cell

A copper-zinc battery cell including a first pan and second pan, each of the pans forming a well for receiving an electrolyte. The battery cell may include a membrane comprising a 2D material composite which separates the respective wells of the first and second pan. The battery cell allows for scaling of a resultant battery pack for various applications.