SPECTROMETER WITH ACTIVE BEAM STEERING

A spectrometer includes a light source that emits a beam into a sample volume comprising an absorbing medium. Thereafter, at least one detector detects at least a portion of the beam emitted by the light source. It is later determined, based on the detected at least a portion of the beam and by a controller, that a position and/or an angle of the beam should be changed. The beam emitted by the light source is then actively steered by an actuation element under control of the controller. In addition, a concentration of the absorbing media can be quantified or otherwise calculated (using the controller or optionally a different processor that can be local or remote). The actuation element(s) can be coupled to one or more of the light source, a detector or detectors, and a reflector or reflectors intermediate the light source and the detector(s).

Spectrometer with active beam steering

A spectrometer includes a light source that emits a beam into a sample volume comprising an absorbing medium. Thereafter, at least one detector detects at least a portion of the beam emitted by the light source. It is later determined, based on the detected at least a portion of the beam and by a controller, that a position and/or an angle of the beam should be changed. The beam emitted by the light source is then actively steered by an actuation element under control of the controller. In addition, a concentration of the absorbing media can be quantified or otherwise calculated (using the controller or optionally a different processor that can be local or remote). The actuation element(s) can be coupled to one or more of the light source, a detector or detectors, and a reflector or reflectors intermediate the light source and the detector(s).

SPECTROMETER WITH ACTIVE BEAM STEERING

A spectrometer includes a light source that emits a beam into a sample volume comprising an absorbing medium. Thereafter, at least one detector detects at least a portion of the beam emitted by the light source. It is later determined, based on the detected at least a portion of the beam and by a controller, that a position and/or an angle of the beam should be changed. The beam emitted by the light source is then actively steered by an actuation element under control of the controller. In addition, a concentration of the absorbing media can be quantified or otherwise calculated (using the controller or optionally a different processor that can be local or remote). The actuation element(s) can be coupled to one or more of the light source, a detector or detectors, and a reflector or reflectors intermediate the light source and the detector(s).

THERMISCH VERARBEITBARE MISCHUNGEN VON HOCHMODULIGEM POLYURETHAN UND MASSENPOLYMERISIERTEM ABS-HARZ

THERMISCH VERARBEITBARE MISCHUNGEN VON HOCHMODULIGEM POLYURETHAN UND MASSENPOLYMERISIERTEM ABS-HARZ

Spectrometer with active beam steering

A spectrometer includes a light source that emits a beam into a sample volume comprising an absorbing medium. Thereafter, at least one detector detects at least a portion of the beam emitted by the light source. It is later determined, based on the detected at least a portion of the beam and by a controller, that a position and/or an angle of the beam should be changed. The beam emitted by the light source is then actively steered by an actuation element under control of the controller. In addition, a concentration of the absorbing media can be quantified or otherwise calculated (using the controller or optionally a different processor that can be local or remote). The actuation element(s) can be coupled to one or more of the light source, a detector or detectors, and a reflector or reflectors intermediate the light source and the detector(s).

Polyvinylidene chloride compositions and their use in monofilament structures

The present invention includes a monofilament obtainable by extruding a composition comprising: (a) at least one vinylidene chloride polymer/ methyl acrylate interpolymer having at most about 6 weight percent methyl acrylate mer units in the polymer; and (b) at least about three weight percent total plasticizer, of which about 0.5 weight percent based on total composition weight is an epoxy plasticizer or combination thereof through a die such that monofilament is formed. Optionally, and preferably in extruders wherein the composition of (a) and (b) exhibits less uniformity in extrusion than is desired, at least one methacrylic polymer is also added. The invention also includes a process of extruding a composition of at least (a) and (b) to form a monofilament.

Spectrometer with active beam steering

A spectrometer includes a light source that emits a beam into a sample volume comprising an absorbing medium. Thereafter, at least one detector detects at least a portion of the beam emitted by the light source. It is later determined, based on the detected at least a portion of the beam and by a controller, that a position and/or an angle of the beam should be changed. The beam emitted by the light source is then actively steered by an actuation element under control of the controller. In addition, a concentration of the absorbing media can be quantified or otherwise calculated (using the controller or optionally a different processor that can be local or remote). The actuation element(s) can be coupled to one or more of the light source, a detector or detectors, and a reflector or reflectors intermediate the light source and the detector(s).

Spectrometer with active beam steering

A spectrometer includes a light source that emits a beam into a sample volume comprising an absorbing medium. Thereafter, at least one detector detects at least a portion of the beam emitted by the light source. It is later determined, based on the detected at least a portion of the beam and by a controller, that a position and/or an angle of the beam should be changed. The beam emitted by the light source is then actively steered by an actuation element under control of the controller. In addition, a concentration of the absorbing media can be quantified or otherwise calculated (using the controller or optionally a different processor that can be local or remote). The actuation element(s) can be coupled to one or more of the light source, a detector or detectors, and a reflector or reflectors intermediate the light source and the detector(s).

VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE POLYMER COMPOSITIONS AND ARTICLES COMPRISING THE SAME

The present invention relates generally to vinylidene chloride polymer compositions. In one embodiment, a vinylidene chloride polymer composition comprises (a) a vinylidene chloride polymer formed from a monomer mixture comprising from 60 to 99 weight percent vinylidene chloride monomer and from 40 to 1 weight percent of a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable therewith; (b) 0.3 to 5 weight percent of an acrylic polymer based on the total weight of the polymer composition; and (c) 0.2 to 7 weight percent of at least one additive comprising (i) at least one wax in an amount of from 0.01 to 2 weight percent based on the total weight of the polymer composition, (ii) at least one polyethylene having a density greater than 0.940 g/cm3 in an amount of from 0.1 to 5 weight percent based on the total weight of the polymer composition, or combinations thereof. 1. A vinylidene chloride polymer composition comprising (a) a vinylidene chloride polymer formed from a monomer mixture comprising from 60 to 99 weight percent vinylidene chloride monomer and from 40 to 1 weight percent of a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable therewith; (b) 0.3 to 5 weight percent of an acrylic polymer based on the total weight of the polymer composition; and (c) 0.2 to 7 weight percent of at least one additive comprising (i) at least one wax in an amount of from 0.01 to 2 weight percent based on the total weight of the polymer composition , (ii) at least one polyethylene having a density greater than 0.940 g/cmin an amount of from 0.1 to 5 weight percent based on the total weight of the polymer composition , or combinations thereof.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the monoethylenically unsaturated monomer comprises vinyl chloride claim 1 , alkyl acrylate claim 1 , alkyl methacrylate claim 1 , acrylic acid claim 1 , methacrylic acid claim 1 , itaconic acid claim 1 , acrylonitrile claim 1 , methacrylonitrile claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The composition ...

Spectrometer With Active Beam Steering

A spectrometer includes a light source that emits a beam into a sample volume comprising an absorbing medium. Thereafter, at least one detector detects at least a portion of the beam emitted by the light source. It is later determined, based on the detected at least a portion of the beam and by a controller, that a position and/or an angle of the beam should be changed. The beam emitted by the light source is then actively steered by an actuation element under control of the controller. In addition, a concentration of the absorbing media can be quantified or otherwise calculated (using the controller or optionally a different processor that can be local or remote). The actuation element(s) can be coupled to one or more of the light source, a detector or detectors, and a reflector or reflectors intermediate the light source and the detector(s). 1. An apparatus comprising:a light source configured to emit a beam into a sample volume comprising an absorbing medium;at least one detector positioned to detect at least a portion of the beam emitted by the light source;at least one actuation element configured to selectively cause the beam emitted by the light source to be steered; anda controller coupled to the at least one actuation element.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one actuation element is coupled to the light source.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one actuation element is coupled to the at least one detector.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one actuation element is coupled to at least one of a transmissive or reflective optical element intermediate the light source and the at least one detector.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the absorbing medium comprises at least one of: gas claim 1 , liquid claim 1 , reflective media claim 1 , emitting media claim 1 , or Raman active media.6. The apparatus of further comprising:a housing defining the sample volume.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sample ...

SEPARATION OF GASES VIA CARBONIZED VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE COPOLYMER GAS SEPARATION MEMBRANES AND PROCESSES THEREFOR

A process for separating hydrogen from a gas mixture having hydrogen and a larger gas molecule is comprised of flowing the gas mixture through a carbonized polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) copolymer membrane having a hydrogen permeance in combination with a hydrogen/methane selectivity, wherein the combination of hydrogen permeance and hydrogen/methane selectivity is (i) at least 30 GPU hydrogen permeance and at least 200 hydrogen/methane selectivity or (ii) at least 10 GPU hydrogen permeance and at least 700 hydrogen/methane selectivity. The carbonized PVDC copolymer may be made by heating and restraining a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film or hollow fiber having a thickness of 1 micrometer to 250 micrometers to a pretreatment temperature of 100° C. to 180° C. to form a pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film and then heating and restraining the pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film to a maximum pyrolysis temperature from 350° C. to 750° C. 1. A process for separating hydrogen from a gas mixture having hydrogen and a larger gas molecule , the method comprising(i) providing a carbonized polyvinylidene chloride copolymer membrane having a hydrogen permeance in combination with a hydrogen/methane selectivity, wherein the combination of hydrogen permeance and hydrogen/methane selectivity is (i) at least 30 GPU hydrogen permeance and at least 200 hydrogen/methane selectivity or (ii) at least 10 GPU hydrogen permeance and at least 700 hydrogen/methane selectivity; and(ii) flowing the gas mixture through said carbonized polyvinylidene chloride copolymer membrane to produce a permeate first stream having an increased concentration of the hydrogen and a second retentate stream having an increased concentration of the larger gas molecule.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the larger gas molecule is comprised of olefins and paraffins.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the larger gas molecule is comprised of at least one of carbon dioxide claim 1 , ...

SEPARATION OF GASES VIA CARBONIZED VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE COPOLYMER GAS SEPARATION MEMBRANES AND PROCESSES THEREFOR

A carbonized PVDC copolymer useful for the separation of an olefin from its corresponding paraffin may be made by heating a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film or hollow fiber having a thickness of 1 micrometer to 20 micrometers to a pretreatment temperature of 100° C. to 180° C. to form a pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film and then heating the pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film to a maximum pyrolysis temperature from 350° C. to 750° C. A process for separating an olefin from its corresponding paraffin in a gas mixture is comprised of flowing the gas mixture through the aforementioned carbonized polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) copolymer to produce a permeate first stream having an increased concentration of the olefin and a second retentate stream having an increased concentration of its corresponding paraffin. 1. A method of making a carbonized polyvinylidene chloride copolymer useful to separate an olefin from its corresponding paraffin comprising ,(a) providing a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film or hollow fiber having a thickness of 1 micrometer to 20 micrometers,(b) heating the polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film to a pretreatment temperature of 100° C. to 180° C. to form a pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film, and(c) heating the pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film to a maximum pyrolysis temperature from 350° C. to 750° C.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the film or fiber is restrained in steps (b) and (c) by applying a force.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the maximum pyrolysis temperature is at most 650° C.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film is a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer comprised of vinylidene chloride and at least one of the following: a vinyl monomer; a vinyl chloride monomer; an acrylate monomer; a methacrylate monomer; a styrenic monomer; acrylonitrile claim 1 , methacrylonitrile; itaconic acid; chlorotrifluoroethylene that have been ...

SPECTROMETER WITH ACTIVE BEAM STEERING

A spectrometer includes a light source that emits a beam into a sample volume comprising an absorbing medium. Thereafter, at least one detector detects at least a portion of the beam emitted by the light source. It is later determined, based on the detected at least a portion of the beam and by a controller, that a position and/or an angle of the beam should be changed. The beam emitted by the light source is then actively steered by an actuation element under control of the controller. In addition, a concentration of the absorbing media can be quantified or otherwise calculated (using the controller or optionally a different processor that can be local or remote). The actuation element(s) can be coupled to one or more of the light source, a detector or detectors, and a reflector or reflectors intermediate the light source and the detector(s). 1. An apparatus comprising:a light source configured to emit a beam into a sample volume comprising an absorbing medium;at least one detector positioned to detect at least a portion of the beam emitted by the light source;at least one actuation element configured to selectively cause the beam emitted by the light source to be steered; anda controller coupled to the at least one actuation element, the controller element configured to at least cause the at least one actuation element to steer the beam to adjust a position and/or an angle of the beam.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one actuation element is coupled to the light source and/or the at least one detector.3. (canceled)4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one actuation element is coupled to a transmissive optical element and/or a reflective optical element intermediate the light source and the at least one detector.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the absorbing medium comprises a gas claim 1 , a liquid claim 1 , a reflective media claim 1 , an emitting media claim 1 , and/or a Raman active media.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , further ...

Vinylidene Chloride Interpolymer and Poly(Butylene Succinate) Blend

Barrier films made from a composition comprising vinylidene chloride (VDC) interpolymer and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) exhibit improved tear resistance in both the machine and cross directions without a significant deterioration in oxygen transmission rate as compared to barrier films made under like conditions and from a composition alike in all respects except that the PBS is replaced with additional VDC interpolymer. 1. A blend consisting essentially of , based on the weight of the blend:A. 80 to less than 100 wt % vinylidene chloride (VDC) interpolymer, wherein the VDC interpolymer comprises mer units derived from one or more of an alkyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate or acrylonitrile monomer; andB. Greater than zero to less than 20 wt % poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), wherein the PBS has a Mw of 40,000 to 1,000,000 Daltons.2. The blend of comprising 2 to 15 wt % PBS.3. (canceled)4. The blend of in which the VDC interpolymer has a Mw of 50 claim 1 ,000 to 250 claim 1 ,000 Daltons.5. The blend of in which the VDC interpolymer comprises 70 mole percent or more mer units derived from vinylidene chloride monomer.6. (canceled)7. The blend of in which the VDC interpolymer consists of mer units derived from vinylidene chloride and methyl acrylate monomers.8. A composition comprising claim 1 , based on the weight of the composition:A. 80 to less than 100 wt % VDC interpolymer, wherein the VDC interpolymer comprises mer units derived from one or more of an alkyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate or acrylonitrile monomer;B. Greater than zero to less than 20 wt % PBS, wherein the PBS has a Mw of 40,000 to 1,000,000 Daltons; andC. One or more additives.9. The composition of comprising 2 to 15 wt % PBS.10. (canceled)11. The composition of in which the VDC interpolymer has a Mw of 40 claim 8 ,000 to 250 claim 8 ,000 Daltons.12. The composition of in which the VDC interpolymer comprises 70 mole percent or more mer units derived from vinylidene chloride monomer.13. (canceled)14. ...

METHODS OF PREPARING VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE POLYMER COMPOSITIONS

The present invention relates generally to methods of preparing vinylidene chloride polymer compositions. In one embodiment, a method of preparing a vinylidene chloride polymer composition comprises (a) adding a first dispersion comprising a wax, a polyolefin or a combination thereof to an aqueous dispersion comprising vinylidene chloride polymer particles; (b) adding an acrylic polymer latex to the aqueous dispersion; and (c) coagulating the wax, the polyolefin, or the combination of the wax and polyolefin, and the acrylic polymer on the surface of the polymer particles. 1. A method of preparing a vinylidene chloride polymer composition , the method comprising:(a) adding a first dispersion comprising a wax, a polyolefin or a combination thereof to an aqueous dispersion comprising vinylidene chloride polymer particles;(b) adding an acrylic polymer latex to the aqueous dispersion; and(c) coagulating the wax, the polyolefin, or the combination of the wax and polyolefin, and the acrylic polymer on the surface of the polymer particles.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first dispersion comprises an anionic surfactant.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first dispersion comprises a nonionic surfactant.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding a second dispersion comprising a wax claim 1 , a polyolefin or a combination thereof to the aqueous dispersion.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second dispersion comprises an anionic surfactant.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second dispersion comprises a nonionic surfactant.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coagulating step comprises adding a chemical coagulant to the aqueous dispersion comprising the latex and the wax claim 1 , the polyolefin claim 1 , or the combination of the wax and polyolefin.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical coagulant comprises an inorganic salt of a metallic ion.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coagulation temperature is from 60° C. to 120° C. claim 1 , ...

SEPARATION OF GASES VIA CARBONIZED VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE COPOLYMER GAS SEPARATION MEMBRANES AND PROCESSES THEREFORE

A carbonized PVDC copolymer useful for the separation of an olefin from its corresponding paraffin may be made by heating a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film or hollow fiber having a thickness of 1 micrometer to 20 micrometers to a pretreatment temperature of 100° C. to 180° C. to form a pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film and then heating the pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film to a maximum pyrolysis temperature from 350° C. to 750° C. A process for separating an olefin from its corresponding paraffin in a gas mixture is comprised of flowing the gas mixture through the aforementioned carbonized polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) copolymer to produce a permeate first stream having an increased concentration of the olefin and a second retentate stream having an increased concentration of its corresponding paraffin. 112.-. (canceled)13. A method of making a carbonized polyvinylidene chloride copolymer useful to separate an olefin from its corresponding paraffin comprising ,(a) providing a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film or hollow fiber having a thickness of 1 micrometer to 20 micrometers,(b) heating the polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film or hollow fiber to a pretreatment temperature of 100° C. to 180° C. while restraining the polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film or hollow fiber by applying a force to form a pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film or hollow fiber, and(c) heating the pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film or hollow fiber to a maximum pyrolysis temperature from 350° C. to 750° C. while restraining the pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film or hollow fiber by applying a force.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the maximum pyrolysis temperature is at most 650° C.15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film or hollow fiber is a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer comprised of vinylidene chloride and at least one of the following: a vinyl monomer; a ...

SEPARATION OF GASES VIA CARBONIZED VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE COPOLYMER GAS SEPARATION MEMBRANES AND PROCESSES THEREFOR

A process for separating hydrogen from a gas mixture having hydrogen and a larger gas molecule is comprised of flowing the gas mixture through a carbonized polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) copolymer membrane having a hydrogen permeance in combination with a hydrogen/methane selectivity, wherein the combination of hydrogen permeance and hydrogen/methane selectivity is (i) at least 30 GPU hydrogen permeance and at least 200 hydrogen/methane selectivity or (ii) at least 10 GPU hydrogen permeance and at least 700 hydrogen/methane selectivity. The carbonized PVDC copolymer may be made by heating and restraining a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film or hollow fiber having a thickness of 1 micrometer to 250 micrometers to a pretreatment temperature of 100° C. to 180° C. to form a pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film and then heating and restraining the pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film to a maximum pyrolysis temperature from 350° C. to 750° C. 115.-. (canceled)16. A method of making a carbonized polyvinylidene chloride copolymer comprising ,(a) providing a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film or hollow fiber having a thickness of 1 micrometer to 250 micrometers,(b) heating and restraining the polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film to a pretreatment temperature of 100° C. to 180° C. to form a pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film, and(c) heating and restraining the pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film to a maximum pyrolysis temperature from 350° C. to 750° C.17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the restraining of steps (b) and (c) is by applying a compressive force.18. The method of or claim 16 , wherein the maximum pyrolysis temperature is at most 650° C.19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film is a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer comprised of vinylidene chloride and at least one of the following: a vinyl monomer; a vinyl chloride monomer; an acrylate monomer; a methacrylate ...

VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE COPOLYMER-BASED CARBON MOLECULAR SIEVE ADSORBENT COMPOSITIONS AND PROCESSES THEREFOR

Novel carbon molecular sieve (CMS) compositions comprising carbonized vinylidene chloride copolymer having micropores with an average micropore size ranging from 3.0 to 5.0. These materials offer capability in separations of gas mixtures including, for example, propane/propylene; nitrogen/methane; and ethane/ethylene. Such may be prepared by a process wherein vinylidene chloride copolymer beads, melt extruded film or fiber are pretreated to form a precursor that is finally carbonized at high temperature. Preselection or knowledge of precursor crystallinity and attained maximum pyrolysis temperature enables preselection or knowledge of a average micropore size, according to the equation ?=6.09+(0.0275×C)−(0.00233×T), wherein ? is the average micropore size in Angstroms, C is the crystallinity percentage and T is the attained maximum pyrolysis temperature in degrees Celsius, provided that crystallinity percentage ranges from 25 to 75 and temperature in degrees Celsius ranges from 800 to 1700. The beads, fibers or film may be ground, post-pyrolysis, and combined with a non-coating binder to form extruded pellets, or alternatively the fibers may be woven, either before or after pre-treatment, to form a woven fiber sheet which is thereafter pyrolyzed to form a woven fiber adsorbent. 1. A molecular sieve composition comprising carbonized polyvinylidene chloride copolymer and having micropores having an average micropore size ranging from 3.0 Å to 5.0 Å.4. The molecular sieve composition of wherein the polyvinylidene chloride polymer precursor is pre-treated claim 2 , prior to pyrolysis claim 2 , to at least 10 percent dehydrochlorinate it claim 2 , to form a pre-treated precursor.5. The molecular sieve composition of wherein the polyvinylidene chloride copolymer precursor is prepared by polymerization or melt-extrusion to form a precursor bead claim 4 , a precursor film or a precursor fiber claim 4 ,the polyvinylidene chloride copolymer precursor optionally comprising ...

PROCESS OF INCORPORATING SOLID INORGANIC ADDITIVES INTO SOLID POLYMERS USING A LIQUID DISPERSION

Disclosed is a process to produce an improved formulated vinylidene chloride polymer comprising a solid inorganic additive and producing improved vinylidene chloride polymer film products. The process includes adding the inorganic solid additive (such as magnesium hydroxide and/or other inorganic acid scavenger) in a dispersion of a liquid, such as a liquid plasticizer or stabilizer to improve distribution through the polymer and reduction of relatively large sized particles or agglomerates in the polymer and film 1. A process for adding a inorganic solid additive to solid polymer particles , the process comprising the steps of:A. preparing a liquid dispersion comprising (1) the inorganic solid additive and (2) optionally one more other dispersible solid additives with (3) a liquid dispersing medium;B. combining the liquid dispersion with solid polymer;C. mixing the components (1), (2) and (3).where the inorganic solid additive is present in the dispersion in a range of from 25 to 55 weight percent solid, based on total weight solid additives and dispersing medium.2. The process according to wherein the liquid dispersion comprises from 40 to 50 weight percent solid inorganic solid additive.3. The process according to wherein the liquid dispersion viscosity is from 50 to 500 centipoise (cP) when initially being combined with the solid polymer.4. The process according to wherein the inorganic solid additive is selected from: magnesium hydroxide claim 1 , tetrasodium pyrophosphate claim 1 , calcium hydroxide claim 1 , calcium oxide claim 1 , calcium carbonate claim 1 , magnesium oxide claim 1 , hydrotalcite claim 1 , talc claim 1 , clay claim 1 , ignition resistance additives or combinations of two or more of these.5. The process according to wherein the inorganic solid additive is magnesium hydroxide or tetrasodium pyrophosphate.6. The process according to wherein the liquid dispersing medium is selected from: epoxidized vegetable oil claim 1 , epoxidized linseed oil ...

A COMPOSITION, A FILM MADE THEREFROM AND AN ARTICLE INCLUDING THE FILM

A polymer blend including a vinylidene chloride interpolymer; an ethylene-acrylate interpolymer; and optionally one or more additives selected from the group consisting of stabilizers, plasticizers, and processing aids is provided. Also provided is an extruded film and a packaging or container which includes the film. 1. A polymer blend comprising:a vinylidene chloride interpolymer comprising units derived from one or more di- or multifunctional vinyl monomers;an ethylene-acrylate interpolymer; andoptionally one or more additives selected from the group consisting of stabilizers, plasticizers, and processing aids.2. The polymer blend according to claim 1 , wherein the vinylidene chloride interpolymer comprises units derived from vinylidene chloride and units derived from one or more comonomers.3. The polymer blend according to claim 1 , wherein the vinylidene chloride interpolymer comprises units derived from vinylidene chloride and units derived from one or more comonomers selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate and butyl acrylate.4. The polymer blend according to claim 1 , wherein the vinylidene chloride interpolymer comprises units derived from vinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride.5. (canceled)6. The polymer blend according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more di- or multifunctional vinyl monomers is selected from the group consisting of 1 claim 1 ,2 ethanediol diacrylate claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,4 butanediol diacrylate claim 1 , and 1 claim 1 ,6 hexanediol diacrylate.7. The polymer blend according to claim 1 , wherein the ethylene-acrylate interpolymer comprises units derived from ethylene and units derived from two or more acrylate comonomers.8. The polymer blend according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more additives are selected form the group consisting of ethylene vinyl acetates claim 1 , acrylic polymers and vinyl chloride vinyl acetate copolymers.9. An extruded film formed from the polymer blend according to .10. The extruded film of wherein ...

Vinylidene Chloride Copolymer Composition for Barrier Film

The present disclosure is directed to a composition comprising (a) a vinylidene chloride/methyl acrylate interpolymer having greater than 6 wt % methyl acrylate mer units in the interpolymer, (b) greater than 6 wt % of an epoxy plasticizer; and (c) less than 4 wt % of an acrylate polymer. The composition exhibits a crystallization time greater than 25 minutes to crystallization at 35° C. Films made from the present composition show improved processability and find advantageous application as permeable barrier film for food packaging, for specialty food packaging, and for gassy cheese. 1. A composition comprising:(A) A vinylidene chloride/methyl acrylate interpolymer having greater than 6 wt % methyl acrylate mer units in the interpolymer;(B) Greater than 6 wt % of an epoxy plasticizer; and 'the composition has a crystallization time greater than 25 minutes to crystallization at 35° C. measured with a differential scanning calorimeter.', '(C) Less than 4 wt % of an acrylate polymer; wherein'}2. (canceled)3. The composition of wherein the composition has a crystallization time greater than 50 minutes to crystallization at 35° C.4. The composition of wherein the composition has a crystallization time greater than 75 minutes to crystallization at 35° C.5. The composition of wherein the vinylidene chloride/methyl acrylate interpolymer has from 6.5 wt % to 9 wt % methyl acrylate mer units in the polymer.6. The composition of wherein the epoxy plasticizer has a molecular weight greater than 600 Daltons.7. The composition of wherein the epoxy plasticizer is epoxidized soybean oil.8. The composition of wherein the acrylate polymer is a polymer comprising an acrylate monomer claim 1 , a methacrylate monomer claim 1 , a styrene monomer claim 1 , and combinations thereof.9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the acrylate polymer is an interpolymer of methyl methacrylate claim 1 , butyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate.10. The composition of comprising from:(A) Greater than 86 ...

PROCESS TO PRODUCE A VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE-BASED HETEROPOLYMER

A process to prepare a vinylidene chloride heteropolymer comprising copolymerizing vinylidene chloride with at least one comonomer selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylates, non-vinylidene chloride vinyl monomers and combinations thereof in the presence of an indicator, wherein the indicator is soluble in vinylidene chloride, the at least one comonomer, or a mixture of the vinylidene chloride and the at least one comonomer is provided. 1. A process to prepare a vinylidene chloride heteropolymer comprising:copolymerizing vinylidene chloride with at least one comonomer selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylates, non-vinylidene chloride vinyl monomers and combinations thereof in the presence of an indicator, wherein the indicator is soluble in vinylidene chloride, the at least one comonomer, or a mixture of the vinylidene chloride and the at least one comonomer.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the indicator is 2 claim 1 ,2′-(2 claim 1 ,5-thiophenylenediyl)bis(5-tert-butylbenzoxazole).3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the comonomer is methyl acrylate or vinyl chloride.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymerizing occurs in a suspension polymerization process.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymerizing occurs in an emulsion polymerization process.6. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising adding at least one additive selected from the group consisting of plasticizers and epoxidized oils.7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein the indicator is uniformly mixed with at least a portion of at least one selected from the group consisting of vinylidene chloride claim 6 , the comonomers and the additives prior to the copolymerizing step.8. The process according to any one of the preceding claims claim 1 , further comprising adding a suspending agent to the vinylidene chloride and at least one comonomer prior to the copolymerizing step. The instant invention relates to a ...

PROCESS TO PRODUCE A VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE-BASED HETEROPOLYMER

A process to prepare a vinylidene chloride heteropolymer comprising copolymerizing vinylidene chloride with at least one comonomer selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylates, non-vinylidene chloride vinyl monomers and combinations thereof in the presence of an indicator, wherein the indicator is soluble in vinylidene chloride, the at least one comonomer, or a mixture of the vinylidene chloride and the at least one comonomer is provided. 18-. (canceled)9. A process to prepare a vinylidene chloride copolymer , wherein the process comprises:dissolving at least one indicator selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-4-(p-tolylamino)anthracene-9,10-dione and anthraquinone in an epoxidized oil, thereby forming a mixture comprising the at least one indicator and the epoxidized oil;adding the mixture comprising the at least one indicator and the epoxidized oil to a monomer mixture comprising vinylidene chloride and at least one comonomer selected from the group consisting of an alkyl acrylate, a non-vinylidene chloride vinyl monomer and combinations thereof; andcopolymerizing the vinylidene chloride with the at least one comonomer in the presence of the at least one indicator, wherein the at least one indicator is soluble in the vinylidene chloride, the at least one comonomer, or a mixture of the vinylidene chloride and the at least one comonomer.10. The process according to claim 9 , wherein the at least one comonomer is methyl acrylate or vinyl chloride.11. The process according to claim 9 , wherein the copolymerizing occurs in a suspension polymerization process.12. The process according to claim 9 , wherein the copolymerizing occurs in an emulsion polymerization process.13. The process according to claim 9 , further comprising adding a suspending agent to the vinylidene chloride and at least one comonomer prior to the copolymerizing step. The instant invention relates to a process to produce a vinylidene chloride-based heteropolymer.Coextruded films ...

BARRIER FILM, METHODS OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF AND ARTICLES COMPRISING THE SAME

Disclosed herein is a barrier film comprising a substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface; where the first surface and the second surface are opposedly disposed to each other; and a barrier coating comprising alternating layers of cationic material and anionic material; where the barrier coating is reactively bonded with at least the first surface of the substrate. Disclosed herein too is a method comprising disposing upon a substrate a barrier coating comprising alternating layers of cationic material and anionic material; where the barrier coating is reactively bonded with at least one surface of the substrate. 1. A barrier film comprising:a substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface; where the first surface and the second surface are opposedly disposed to each other; anda barrier coating comprising alternating layers of cationic material and anionic material; where the barrier coating is reactively bonded with at least the first surface of the substrate.2. The barrier film of claim 1 , where the reactive bonding comprises ionic bonding or covalent bonding.3. The barrier film of claim 1 , where the cationic material comprises a cationic polymer that is naturally derived; where the naturally derived cationic polymers is chitosan.4. The barrier film of claim 1 , where the cationic material comprises a cationic polymer that is synthetically derived; where the synthetically derived cationic polymers are branched polyethylenimine claim 1 , linear polyethylenimine claim 1 , polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride claim 1 , polyallylamine hydrochloride claim 1 , poly-L-lysine claim 1 , poly(amidoamines) claim 1 , poly(amino-co-esters) claim 1 , poly(2-N claim 1 ,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) claim 1 , poly(ethylene glycol-co-2-N claim 1 ,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) claim 1 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing synthetically derived cationic polymers.5. The barrier film of claim 1 , where the anionic material ...

BARRIER FILM, METHODS OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF AND ARTICLES COMPRISING THE SAME

Disclosed herein is a barrier film comprising at least two substrates each comprising a first surface and a second surface; where the first surface and the second surface are opposedly disposed to each other; the second surfaces of each substrates being in direct contact with each other; where the second surfaces do not contact a barrier coating; and a barrier coating comprising alternating layers of cationic material and anionic material; where the barrier coating is adhesively bonded with the first surfaces of each substrate. 1. An article comprising:at least two substrates each comprising a first surface and a second surface; where the first surface and the second surface are opposedly disposed to each other; the second surfaces of each substrates being in direct contact with each other; where the second surfaces do not contact a barrier coating; anda barrier coating comprising alternating layers of cationic material and anionic material; where the barrier coating is adhesively bonded with the first surfaces of each substrate.2. The article of claim 1 , where the adhesive bonding comprises ionic bonding or covalent bonding.3. The article of claim 1 , where the cationic material comprises a cationic polymer that is naturally derived.4. The article of claim 1 , where the cationic material comprises a cationic polymer that is synthetically derived; where the synthetically derived cationic polymers are branched polyethylenimine claim 1 , linear polyethylenimine claim 1 , polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride claim 1 , polyallylamine hydrochloride claim 1 , poly-L-lysine claim 1 , poly(amidoamines) claim 1 , poly(amino-co-esters) claim 1 , poly(2-N claim 1 ,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) claim 1 , poly(ethylene glycol-co-2-N claim 1 ,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) claim 1 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing synthetically derived cationic polymers.5. The article of claim 1 , where the anionic material comprises an anionic polymer; where ...

A vinylidene chloride copolymer exhibiting improved bubble stability and a process for making the same

A process to produce a vinylidene chloride based heteropolymer

Un proceso para preparar un heteropolímero de cloruro de vinilideno que comprende: copolimerizar cloruro de vinilideno con al menos un monómero seleccionado entre el grupo que consiste en acrilatos de alquilo, monómeros vinílicos de cloruro que no es vinilideno y combinaciones de los mismos en presencia de un indicador, en el que el indicador es soluble en cloruro de vinilideno, el al menos un comonómero, o una mezcla de cloruro de vinilideno y al menos un comonómero, en el que el indicador es 2,2'-(2,5-tiofenilendiil)bis(5-tercbutilbenzoxazol), en el que el comonómero es acrilato de metilo. A process for preparing a vinylidene chloride heteropolymer comprising: copolymerizing vinylidene chloride with at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylates, non-vinylidene vinyl chloride monomers, and combinations thereof in the presence of a indicator, where the indicator is soluble in vinylidene chloride, the at least one comonomer, or a mixture of vinylidene chloride and at least one comonomer, where the indicator is 2,2 '- (2,5-thiophenylendiyl ) bis (5-tert-butylbenzoxazole), in which the comonomer is methyl acrylate.

Separation of gases via carbonized vinylidene chloride copolymer gas separation membranes and process for the preparation of the membranes

A carbonized PVDC copolymer useful for the separation of an olefin from its corresponding paraffin may be made by heating a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film or hollow fiber having a thickness of 1 micrometer to 20 micrometers to a pretreatment temperature of 100°C to 180°C to form a pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film and then heating the pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film to a maximum pyrolysis temperature from 350°C to 750°C. A process for separating an olefin from its corresponding paraffin in a gas mixture is comprised of flowing the gas mixture through the aforementioned carbonized polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) copolymer to produce a permeate first stream having an increased concentration of the olefin and a second retentate stream having an increased concentration of its corresponding paraffin.

Heat resistant high impact polystyrene blends

ABSTRACT A high heat high impact resistant resin is prepared by blending a high impact polystyrene, a copolymer of a vinyl aromatic monomer and .alpha.-methylstyrene, and a styrene grafted rubber concentrate. Said copolymer is prepared by anionically polymer-izing the vinyl aromatic monomer, especially styrene, and the .alpha.-methylstyrene at a temperature above the ceiling temperature of the .alpha.-methylstyrene. The blend may contain compatible polymers, especially high molecular weight general purpose polystyrene.

Composition, a film made therefrom and an article including the film

A polymer blend including a vinylidene chloride interpolymer; an ethylene-acrylate interpolymer; and optionally one or more additives selected from the group consisting of stabilizers, plasticizers, and processing aids is provided. Also provided is an extruded film and a packaging or container which includes the film.

barrier film, methods of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same

descreve-se aqui uma película de barreira que compreende um substrato que compreende uma primeira superfície e uma segunda superfície; em que a primeira superfície e a segunda superfície são dispostas opostas uma a outra; e um revestimento de barreira que compreende camadas alternadas de material catiônico e material aniônico; em que o revestimento de barreira é reativamente ligado com, pelo menos, a primeira superfície do substrato. divulgado aqui também é um método que compreende dispor em um substrato um revestimento de barreira que compreende camadas alternadas de material catiônico e material aniônico; em que o revestimento barreira é reativamente ligado com pelo menos uma superfície do substrato. described herein is a barrier film comprising a substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface; wherein the first surface and the second surface are arranged opposite one another; and a barrier coating comprising alternating layers of cationic material and anionic material; wherein the barrier coating is reactively bonded with at least the first substrate surface. Also disclosed herein is a method comprising arranging on a substrate a barrier coating comprising alternating layers of cationic material and anionic material; wherein the barrier coating is reactively bonded to at least one substrate surface.

Polyvinylidene chloride compositions and their use in monofilament structures

The present invention includes a monofilament obtainable by extruding a composition comprising: (a) at least one vinylidene chloride polymer/ methyl acrylate interpolymer having at most about 6 weight percent methyl acrylate mer units in the polymer; and (b) at least about three weight percent total plasticizer, of which about 0.5 weight percent based on total composition weight is an epoxy plasticizer or combination thereof through a die such that monofilament is formed. Optionally, and preferably in extruders wherein the composition of (a) and (b) exhibits less uniformity in extrusion than is desired, at least one methacrylic polymer is also added. The invention also includes a process of extruding a composition of at least (a) and (b) to form a monofilament.

Vinylidene chloride interpolymer and poly(butylene succinate) blend

Barrier films made from a composition comprising vinylidene chloride (VDC) interpolymer and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) exhibit improved tear resistance in both the machine and cross directions without a significant deterioration in oxygen transmission rate as compared to barrier films made under like conditions and from a composition alike in all respects except that the PBS is replaced with additional VDC interpolymer.

MIXTURE, COMPOSITION AND FILM

mistura, composição e película. a presente invenção se refere a películas de barreira feitas a partir de uma composição compreendendo interpolímero de cloreto de vinilideno (vdc) e poli(sucinato de butileno)(pbs) que exibem resistência à rasgadura melhorada em ambas a direção de máquina e na direção transversal sem significativa deterioração na taxa de transmissão de oxigênio comparativamente com películas de barreira feitas sob as mesmas condições e a partir de uma composição semelhante em todos os aspectos exceto que o pbs é substituído por interpolímero de vdc adicional. mixing, composition and film. the present invention relates to barrier films made from a composition comprising vinylidene chloride (vdc) and poly (butylene succinate) (pbs) interpolymer which exhibit improved tear resistance in both the machine direction and in the transverse direction without significant deterioration in the oxygen transmission rate compared to barrier films made under the same conditions and from a similar composition in all aspects except that the pbs is replaced by additional vdc interpolymer.

Multifunctional lithium containing initiator

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Highly desirable multifunctional lithium con-taining initiators are prepared by reacting a compound such as an organo lithium with an organic compound con-taining at least two l,l-diphenylathylene groups. Such initiators can be prepared in the absence of polar solvents and are very desirable for the polymerization of dienes such as butadiene to a desirable 1,4 configuration.

Carbon molecular sieve adsorbent compositions based on vinylidene chloride copolymers, process for their preparation and their use in the separation of a mixture of propane and propylene

Una composición de tamiz molecular que comprende un copolímero de cloruro de polivinilideno carbonizado y que tiene microporos que tienen un tamaño de microporo promedio que varía de 0,4 nm a 0,43 nm (4,0 Å a 4,3 Å). A molecular sieve composition comprising a carbonized polyvinylidene chloride copolymer and having micropores having an average micropore size ranging from 0.4 nm to 0.43 nm (4.0 Å to 4.3 Å).

Soluble multifunctional lithium containing initiator

Highly desirable organic liquid soluble multifunctional lithium containing initiators are prepared by reacting on organo lithium compound with an organic compound containing at least one group of the configuration 1,3-bis(1-phenylethenyl)benzene. Such initiators can be prepared in the absence of polar solvents and are very desirable for the polymerization of dienes such as butadiene to a desirable 1,4 configuration.

Barrier film, methods of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same

Disclosed herein is a barrier film comprising a substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface; where the first surface and the second surface are opposedly disposed to each other; and a barrier coating comprising alternating layers of cationic material and anionic material; where the barrier coating is reactively bonded with at least the first surface of the substrate. Disclosed herein too is a method comprising disposing upon a substrate a barrier coating comprising alternating layers of cationic material and anionic material; where the barrier coating is reactively bonded with at least one surface of the substrate.

process for producing a vinylidene chloride-based copolymer

Process of incorporating solid inorganic additives into solid polymers using a liquid dispersion

Disclosed is a process to produce an improved formulated vinylidene chloride polymer comprising a solid inorganic additive and producing improved vinylidene chloride polymer film products. The process includes adding the inorganic solid additive (such as magnesium hydroxide and/or other inorganic acid scavenger) in a dispersion of a liquid, such as a liquid plasticizer or stabilizer to improve distribution through the polymer and reduction of relatively large sized particles or agglomerates in the polymer and film.

Air ionizing ring

MULTIFUNCTIONAL INITIATOR COMPOUND CONTAINING LITHIUM AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE POLYMERIZATION OF VINYL COMPOUNDS

Vinylidene chloride polymer compositions and irradiated articles prepared therefrom

A composition comprising a mixture of (1) a vinylidene chloride polymer formed from a monomer mixture wherein the major component is vinylidene chloride and the remainder is at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable therewith and (2) an amount of an aliphatic ester compound sufficient to minimize color degradation (formation of color bodies) of the vinylidene chloride polymer during and after irradiation of the composition is used to prepare a heat-shrinkable multilayer film. The composition may also contain an amount of a color stable violet or blue dye sufficient to mask color bodies formed during and after irradiation of the composition.

Plasticizer in alkyl acrylate vinylidene chloride polymer

vinylidene chloride polymer monofilament and process for producing a monofilament

Polyvinylidene chloride compositions and their use in monofilament structures

The present invention includes a monofilament obtainable by extruding a composition comprising: (a) at least one vinylidene chloride polymer/methyl acrylate interpolymer having at most about 6 weight percent methyl acrylate mer units in the polymer; and (b) at least about three weight percent total plasticizer, of which about 0.5 weight percent based on total composition weight is an epoxy plasticizer or combination thereof through a die such that monofilament is formed. Optionally, and preferably in extruders wherein the composition of (a) and (b) exhibits less uniformity in extrusion than is desired, at least one methacrylic polymer is also added. The invention also includes a process of extruding a composition of at least (a) and (b) to form a monofilament.

Polyblends of aromatic/isopropenyl aromatic copolymers with grafted rubber concentrates

Blends of: (A) copolymer(s) of styrene/-alpha-methylstyrene and equivalents thereof with (B) grafted rubber concentrates of an elastomeric substrator backbone having graft-interpolymerized styrene components. The polyblends involved exhibit superior thermal stability, environmental stress crack resistance, hardness and so forth.

A vinylidene chloride copolymer exhibiting improved bubble stability and a process for making the same

The invention includes a copolymer of vinylidene chloride with at least one monounsaturated comonomer and at least one branching monomer in an amount sufficient to increase molecular weight over that of a polymer prepared using the same process and same monomers in the same relative amounts except without the branching monomer, but preferably the branching monomer is present in a quantity not sufficient to result in measurable crosslinking as determined by solubility in tetrahydrofuran at up to 83 °C. The invention includes a process for making the polymer and processes for forming the copolymer or compositions thereof as well as articles comprising the copolymer and compositions thereof. The copolymer exhibits improved bubble stability and is particularly useful for processes in which the copolymer is at least partially oriented in formation such as blow molding, formation of monofilament fiber and film blowing.

POLYMER MIXTURE AND ARTICLE

Stabilized vinylidene chloride copolymer blend composition

The present invention relates to a formulated vinylidene copolymer composition comprising a copolymer of vinylidene chloride with an alkyl acrylate and/or vinyl chloride and a metal silicate and a metal hydroxide stabilizer represented by the formula: Cai.x.y M 2+x Aly (OH)2 wherein M2+ represents at least one bivalent metal selected from the group consisting of Mg, Zn, or Cu, preferably Mg and/or Zn, x is in the range of 0 < x < 1, preferably 0 < x < 0.4 and y is in the range of 0 < y < 0.1 an one or more of the following additives: a high density polyethylene, an epoxidized vegetable oil, an oxidized polyolefin, and/or a paraffin or polyolefin wax. The formulated vinylidene copolymer composition demonstrates substantially improved heat stability than existing compositions.

A vinylidene chloride copolymer exhibiting improved bubble stability and a process for making the same

The invention includes a copolymer of vinylidene chloride with at least one monounsaturated comonomer and at least one branching monomer in an amount sufficient to increase molecular weight over that of a polymer prepared using the same process and same monomers in the same relative amounts except without the branching monomer, but preferably the branching monomer is present in a quantity not sufficient to result in measurable crosslinking as determined by solubility in tetrahydrofuran at up to 83 °C. The invention includes a process for making the polymer and processes for forming the copolymer or compositions thereof as well as articles comprising the copolymer and compositions thereof. The copolymer exhibits improved bubble stability and is particularly useful for processes in which the copolymer is at least partially oriented in formation such as blow molding, formation of monofilament fiber and film blowing.

Soluble multifunctional lithium containing initiators and their use in a process for polymerisation

Organic liquid soluble multifunctional lithium containing initiators are prepared by reacting an organo lithium compound with an organic compound containing at least one group of the configuration 1,3-bis(1-phenylethenyl)-benzene. Such initiators can be prepared in the absence of polar solvents and are very desirable for the polymerization of dienes such as butadiene to a desirable 1,4 configuration.

Light source module

Heat-resistant, shatterproof polystyrene compositions

Separation of gases via carbonized vinylidene chloride copolymer gas separation membranes and processes therefor

A process for separating hydrogen from a gas mixture having hydrogen and a larger gas molecule is comprised of flowing the gas mixture through a carbonized polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) copolymer membrane having a hydrogen permeance in combination with a hydrogen/methane selectivity, wherein the combination of hydrogen permeance and hydrogen/methane selectivity is (i) at least 30 GPU hydrogen permeance and at least 200 hydrogen/methane selectivity or (ii) at least 10 GPU hydrogen permeance and at least 700 hydrogen/methane selectivity. The carbonized PVDC copolymer may be made by heating and restraining a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film or hollow fiber having a thickness of 1 micrometer to 250 micrometers to a pretreatment temperature of 100° C. to 180° C. to form a pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film and then heating and restraining the pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film to a maximum pyrolysis temperature from 350° C. to 750° C.

Light source module

A light source module may include a base with a support feature protruding from a surface of the base and securing a light source to direct radiation away from the surface. A lens cells may be attached proximate to the surface, optionally by being secured within a sleeve that is attached at one end to the surface. A multi-conductor part may include electrical conductors and a base temperature sensor that contacts the base. The base temperature sensor may be electrically connected to at least one of the plurality of conductive elements and further connected to an optical ignition safety protection system configured to interrupt current to the light source if the base temperature sensor indicates that a temperature of the light source is outside of a safe range.

Processo para separar hidrogênio de uma mistura gasosa, e, método para fazer um copolímero de cloreto de polivinilideno carbonizado

Um processo para separar hidrogênio de uma mistura gasosa tendo hidrogênio e uma molécula de gás maior é composto de fluxo da mistura gasosa através de uma membrana de copolímero de cloreto de polivinilideno (PVDC) carbonizado tendo uma permeância ao hidrogênio em combinação com uma seletividade de hidrogênio/metano, em que a combinação de a permeância ao hidrogênio e a seletividade de hidrogênio/metano é de (i) pelo menos 30 GPU de permeância ao hidrogênio e pelo menos 200 de seletividade de hidrogênio/metano ou (ii) pelo menos 10 GPU de permeância ao hidrogênio e pelo menos 700 de seletividade de hidrogênio/metano. O copolímero de PVDC carbonizado pode ser feito aquecendo e restringindo um filme de copolímero de cloreto de polivinilideno ou fibra oca com uma espessura de 1 micrômetro a 250 micrômetros até uma temperatura de pré-tratamento de 100°C a 180°C para formar um filme de copolímero de cloreto de polivinilideno pré-tratado e então aquecer e restringir o filme de copolímero de cloreto de polivinilideno pré-tratado a uma temperatura máxima de pirólise de 350°C a 750°C.

Método para fazer um copolímero de cloreto de polivinilideno carbonizado

Um copolímero de PVDC carbonizado útil para a separação de uma olefina da sua parafina correspondente pode ser feito por aquecimento de um filme de copolímero de cloreto de polivinilideno ou fibra oca com uma espessura de 1 micrômetro a 20 micrômetros até uma temperatura de pré-tratamento de 100oC a 180oC para formar um filme de copolímero de cloreto de polivinilideno pré-tratado e depois aquecer o filme de copolímero de cloreto de polivinilideno pré-tratado até uma temperatura máxima de pirólise de 350°C a 750°C. Um processo para separar uma olefina de sua parafina correspondente em uma mistura de gases é composto por escoar a mistura de gás através do copolímero de cloreto de polivinilideno carbonizado (PVDC) acima mencionado para produzir uma primeira corrente de permeado tendo uma concentração aumentada da olefina e uma segunda corrente de retentado tendo uma concentração aumentada da sua parafina correspondente.

Spectrometer with active beam steering

A spectrometer includes a light source that emits a beam into a sample volume comprising an absorbing medium. Thereafter, at least one detector detects at least a portion of the beam emitted by the light source. It is later determined, based on the detected at least a portion of the beam and by a controller, that a position and/or an angle of the beam should be changed. The beam emitted by the light source is then actively steered by an actuation element under control of the controller. In addition, a concentration of the absorbing media can be quantified or otherwise calculated (using the controller or optionally a different processor that can be local or remote). The actuation element(s) can be coupled to one or more of the light source, a detector or detectors, and a reflector or reflectors intermediate the light source and the detector(s).

Multi-sectioned window for spectroscopic device

The present disclosure includes an optical head for a spectroscopic device configured to produce a beam of light, a reference signal detector, and a signal detector. A mirror reflects the beam of light from the light source toward a multi-sectioned window having a top side and a bottom side. The bottom side includes an AR coating and the top side has a first section including an AR coating and a second section including a beam splitter with transmittance and reflectance. A first beam path for the beam of light is defined by the mirror, the second section of the multi-sectioned window, and the reference signal detector. A second beam path for the beam of light is defined by the mirror, the second section of the multi-sectioned window, a medium contained in the spectroscopic device, an additional mirror, the first section of the multi-sectioned window, and the signal detector.

Barrier film, methods of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same

Disclosed herein is a barrier film comprising at least two substrates each comprising a first surface and a second surface; where the first surface and the second surface are opposedly disposed to each other; the second surfaces of each substrates being in direct contact with each other; where the second surfaces do not contact a barrier coating; and a barrier coating comprising alternating layers of cationic material and anionic material; where the barrier coating is adhesively bonded with the first surfaces of each substrate.

Blend comprising large proportions of a epdm graft terpolymer and relatively smaller proportions of an acrylate rubber

Multi-sectioned window for spectroscopic device

The present disclosure includes an optical head for a spectroscopic device configured to produce a beam of light, a reference signal detector, and a signal detector. A mirror reflects the beam of light from the light source toward a multi-sectioned window having a top side and a bottom side. The bottom side includes an AR coating and the top side has a first section including an AR coating and a second section including a beam splitter with transmittance and reflectance. A first beam path for the beam of light is defined by the mirror, the second section of the multi-sectioned window, and the reference signal detector. A second beam path for the beam of light is defined by the mirror, the second section of the multi-sectioned window, a medium contained in the spectroscopic device, an additional mirror, the first section of the multi-sectioned window, and the signal detector.

Vaermebestaendiga slaghaollfasta polystyrenblandningar.

Printable monolayer polyvinylidene chloride structures

The present invention includes a polymer composition of at least one vinylidene chloride/alkyl acrylate polymer having from about 3.4 to about 6.7 percent mole percent of mer units derived from at least one alkyl acrylate monomer polymerized with the vinylidene chloride and comprising a plasticizer and having at least one of the following compositional characteristics (1) and (2): (1) at least one low molecular weight vinyl chloride polymer having a molecular weight of at most about 70,000 Daltons in an amount sufficient to increase affinity for at least one ink; and (2) at least one methacrylic polymer in an amount sufficient to increase the affinity for at least one ink. Surfaces comprising such a composition and articles having such surfaces are surprisingly printable and are aspects of the invention as is printing thereon.