METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AN ACTUATOR WITH A CAPACITIVE ELEMENT

ACCUMULATING BLOCK FOR the ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE SUPPLY

Bloc accumulateur pour un appareil électrique (10) ayant un corps de base (20), une unité de verrouillage (26) pour verrouiller le corps de base (20) à l'appareil électrique (10) et au moins un élément d'accumulateur (38). Un module de fixation (34) permet de fixer l'unité de verrouillage (26) à l'élément d'accumulateur (38).

Compuestos derivados de piperidinas sustituidas; composición farmacéutica que los comprende; y su uso como inhibidores de los receptores ccr3 para la prevención y/o el tratamiento de enfermedades tales como asma, alergias, epoc, artritis reumatoide y aterosclerosis.

LA PRESENTE INVENCIÓN DESCRIBE COMPUESTOS FÓRMULA 1, DONDE A, R1, R2, R3 Y R4 SON COMO SE DEFINEN EN LA MEMORIADESCRIPTIVA Y PLIEGO DE REIVINDICACIONES: ADICIONALMENTE, SE DESCRIBE LA COMPOSICIÓN FARMACÉUTICA QUE LOS COMPRENDE; Y AL USO DE LOS MISMOS EN LA PREPARACIÓN DE UN MEDICAMENTO PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DEL ASMA Y ENFERMEDADES ALÉRGICAS, ENFERMEDADES INFLAMATORIAS GASTROINTESTINALES, ENFERMEDADES EOSINOFÍLICAS, ENTRE OTRAS; Y PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE ENFERMEDADES CON UNA NEOVASCULARIZACIÓN ANORMAL AUMENTADA TAL COMO DEGENERACIÓN MACULAR ASOCIADA A LA EDAD.
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含预定张力的膜的转换器的制造方法

... 含预定张力膜(11)的转换器的制造方法。在转换器基本结构制成后，调整膜片使之具有预定张力，此张力最好较低，以便获得较高的灵敏度。公开了两个实施方案。一种方法包括加热转换器，使之高于固定膜片的材料(12，14)的玻璃转化温度。另一种包括测量膜片的实际张力，可用于计算膜片厚度的调整量以达到要求的张力。 ...

Input device for radio-operated communications terminals

Hollow plastic section

A method of manufacturing a transducer having a diaphragm with a predetermined tension

Hollow plastic section

MULTIFUNCTIONAL ELEMENT AND METHOD TO PREVENT THE CARBONISATION OF TISSUE BY MEANS OF A MULTIFUNCTIONAL ELEMENT

A multi-functional element suitable for performing at least two surgical/therapeutic interventions, for example, the injection and cutting of tissue, with an anti-carbonization device to prevent the carbonization of tissue upon plasma coagulation by way of a suitable surgical instrument, where the surgical instrument has a feed line for an oxidizing agent, a feed line for a gas and an electrode for generating a plasma. A gas oxidizing agent mixture for producing a gas oxidizing agent plasma is provided by the anti-carbonization device. 120-. (canceled)21. A multi-functional element , suitable for performing at least two surgical/therapeutic interventions , said element comprising:a plasma coagulation device,a fluid applicator for cutting and/or injecting tissue with fluid, andan anti-carbonization device to prevent the carbonization of tissue upon plasma coagulation by a surgical instrument, the surgical instrument having a feed line for an oxidizing agent, a feed line for a gas and an electrode for generating a plasma,wherein the anti-carbonization device provides a gas-oxidizing agent mixture for generating a gas-oxidizing agent plasma.22. The multi-functional element of claim 21 , wherein the at least two surgical/therapeutic interventions comprise injection and cutting of tissue.23. The multi-functional element of claim 21 , wherein the oxidizing agent is liquid.24. The multi-functional element of claim 21 , wherein the oxidizing agent is gaseous.25. The multi-functional element of claim 21 , wherein the oxidizing agent is an aerosol.26. The multi-functional element of claim 25 , wherein the surgical instrument has an evaporator for generating the aerosol.27. The multi-functional element of claim 25 , wherein the surgical instrument has an ultrasound generating device for generating the aerosol.28. The multi-functional element of claim 25 , wherein the surgical instrument has a baffle plate for generating the aerosol.29. The multi-functional element of claim 21 ...

Valve for metering a fluid

A valve for metering a fluid, for example, a fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine, includes a valve-seat face, an electromagnetic actuator including an armature that includes a through-flow channel that opens with an outlet opening at an end face of the armature, a valve needle on which the armature is movably supported and that is operable using the armature, a valve-closing member that is actuatable by the valve needle and that cooperates with the valve-seat face to form a sealing seat, and a stop element that is mounted fixedly on the valve needle and that interacts with the at least one outlet opening of the at least one through-flow channel such that throttling takes place with respect to the least one through-flow channel when the armature is located with its end face at the stop element.

ANTIGEN RECEPTORS AND USES THEREOF

The present invention generally embraces the treatment of diseases by targeting cells expressing an antigen on the cell surface. In particular the invention relates to recombinant antigen receptors and uses thereof. T cells engineered to express such antigen receptors are useful in the treatment of diseases characterized by expression of one or more antigens bound by the antigen receptors. 160-. (canceled)61. An antigen receptor , which receptor comprises a first peptide chain and a second peptide chain , whereinthe first peptide chain comprises at least a first and a second domain, and an immunoreceptor signal transmission domain;the second peptide chain comprises at least a first and a second domain, and an immunoreceptor signal transmission domain;wherein the immunoreceptor signal transmission domain is preferably of human origin,wherein the first domain from the first peptide chain forms together with one of the domains from the second peptide chain a first antigen binding site, andwherein the second domain from the first peptide chain forms together with the other domain from the second peptide chain a second antigen binding site.62. The receptor of claim 61 , wherein the immunoreceptor signal transmission domain comprises a constant or invariant region of a T cell receptor chain or a constant or invariant region of an immune cell Fc receptor chain or a portion of the constant or invariant region.63. The receptor of claim 61 , wherein the first and/or second peptide chains further comprise a linker between the first and second domains and/or between the first and second domains and the immunoreceptor signal transmission domain.64. The receptor of claim 61 , wherein the first and/or second domains each comprise a variable region of an immunoglobulin chain or a variable region of a T cell receptor chain or a portion of the variable region.65. The receptor of claim 61 , wherein(i) the first peptide chain comprises a constant region of a T cell receptor alpha chain ...

VALVE FOR METERING A FLUID

A valve for metering a fluid, which is used in particular as a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, includes an electromagnetic actuator and a valve needle, which is actuatable by the actuator, and is used for actuating a valve closing body, which interacts with a valve seat surface to form a seal seat. An armature of the actuator has a through hole, through which the valve needle extends. The armature is guided on the valve needle movably and with clearance. Furthermore, a stop surface which is fixed in place with respect to the valve needle is provided, on which the armature strikes with its end face in conjunction with an actuation. During an axial alignment of the armature with respect to the valve needle, an angle offset is predefined between the stop surface and the end face of the armature. 1. A valve for metering a fluid , comprising:an electromagnetic actuator;a valve needle actuatable by the actuator, the valve needle to actuate a valve closing body, which interacts with a valve seat surface to form a seal seat, an armature of the actuator having a through hole, through which the valve needle extends, wherein the armature is movable on the valve needle and is guided with clearance; anda stop surface, which is fixed in place with respect to the valve needle, on which the armature strikes with an end face in conjunction with an actuation, wherein an angle offset is predefined in an axial alignment of the armature with respect to the valve needle between the stop surface and the end face of the armature.2. The valve as recited in claim 1 , wherein the valve is a fuel injector for an internal combustion engine.3. The valve as recited in claim 1 , wherein at least one of: i) the stop surface claim 1 , which is fixed in place with respect to the valve needle claim 1 , and on which the armature strikes with an end face in conjunction with an actuation claim 1 , has the angle offset with respect to a longitudinal axis of the valve needle claim 1 , ii) ...

ANTIGEN RECEPTORS AND USES THEREOF

The present invention generally embraces the treatment of diseases by targeting cells expressing an antigen on the cell surface. In particular the invention relates to recombinant antigen receptors and uses thereof. T cells engineered to express such antigen receptors are useful in the treatment of diseases characterized by expression of one or more antigens bound by the antigen receptors. 1. An antigen receptor , which receptor comprises a first peptide chain and a second peptide chain , the first peptide chain comprises a first domain, a second domain, a variable region of a T cell receptor chain or a portion thereof, and an immunoreceptor signal transmission domain;', 'the second peptide chain comprises a first domain, a second domain, a variable region of a T cell receptor chain or a portion thereof, and an immunoreceptor signal transmission domain;', 'wherein the first domain from the first peptide chain forms together with one of the domains from the second peptide chain a first antigen binding site, and', 'wherein the second domain from the first peptide chain forms together with the other domain from the second peptide chain a second antigen binding site., 'wherein'}2. The receptor of claim 1 , wherein the immunoreceptor signal transmission domain comprises a constant or invariant region of a T cell receptor chain or a constant or invariant region of an immune cell Fc receptor chain or a portion of the constant or invariant region.3. The receptor of claim 1 , wherein the first and/or second peptide chains further comprise a linker between the first and second domains and/or between the first and second domains and the variable region of a T cell receptor chain or portion thereof.4. The receptor of claim 3 , wherein the linker is an arbitrary amino acid sequence.5. The receptor of claim 1 , wherein the first and/or second domains each comprise a variable region of an immunoglobulin chain or a variable region of a T cell receptor chain or a portion of the ...

INSTRUMENT TEST ARRANGEMENT COMPRISING TEST EQUIPMENT

To provide the user of an RF-surgical instrument with a non-hazardous short test operation, for example so as to test the ignitability of an argon plasma probe, provision is made for an instrument test arrangement, which is installed into a feeding medical device or into a neutral conductor connecting cable or which is provided as plug adapter, which is to be plugged between the device and the neutral conductor connecting cable. The instrument test arrangement comprises at least one or, better yet, two ignition test electrodes, which are connected to conductors of the device or of the neutral conductor cable, preferably via impedance components. The ignition test electrodes can be accessed insofar as a spark can be created simultaneously to both ignition test electrodes by means of an operational probe or an instrument. 1. An instrument test arrangement , in particular for medical instruments for argon plasma coagulation , comprising:an electrode arrangement, which comprises at least one ignition test electrode, which is connected electrically to a neutral conductor of a neutral conductor cable or of a device.2. The instrument test arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the electrode arrangement is part of a connector claim 1 , which comprises at least one contact for connecting to a medical device claim 1 , so that the ignition test electrode is arranged in or at the connector claim 1 , wherein the flexible neutral conductor cable extends away from the connector to a neutral electrode arrangement or a neutral electrode connection.3. The instrument test arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the electrode arrangement is arranged at a flexible neutral conductor cable between a connector and a neutral electrode arrangement or a neutral electrode connection.4. The instrument test arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the electrode arrangement is arranged at a neutral electrode connection or a neutral electrode arrangement claim 1 , which are connected to a connector via a flexible ...

INSTRUMENT TEST ARRANGEMENT

An instrument test arrangement is specified, which is preferably equipped for medical instruments for argon plasma coagulation. The instrument test arrangement comprises an electrode arrangement, comprising at least one test electrode. In a preferred embodiment, a test electrode is thereby connected to two neutral conductors of a neutral conductor cable or device, wherein the neutral conductors are insulated from one another, and wherein the first coupling impedance between the test electrode and the first neutral conductor and the second coupling impedance between the test electrode and the second neutral conductor are equal or at most slightly different, so that a split circuit, which is assigned to a neutral electrode arrangement, does not trigger due to the strike of a test spark or arc. 1. An instrument test arrangement , in particular for medical instruments for argon plasma coagulation , comprising:an electrode arrangement, which comprises at least one spark striking test electrode, which is connected electrically to a neutral conductor of a neutral conductor cable or of a device,wherein the flexible neutral conductor cable comprises two neutral conductors, which are insulated from one another.2. The instrument test arrangement of claim 1 , wherein a spark striking test electrode is connected to at least two neutral conductors.3. The instrument test arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the spark striking test electrode at least partially comprises the neutral conductor cable.4. The instrument test arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the spark striking test electrode is a metallic ring or a sleeve.5. The instrument test arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the spark striking test electrode is a metal foil claim 1 , a wire claim 1 , a metallization and/or a metal coating.6. The instrument test arrangement of claim 5 , wherein the spark striking test electrode is embodied as a screw helix claim 5 , the coils of which comprise the insulation of the neutral conductor cable.7 ...

Interleukin-2 receptor (IL2R) and interleukin-2 (IL2) variants for specific activation of immune effector cells

The invention relates to variants of the alpha subunit of interleukin-2 receptor (IL2R) and interleukin-2 (IL2). In one embodiment, the IL2 variants described herein have amino acid substitutions at the region of IL2 that contacts the alpha (α) subunit of the heterotrimeric IL2 receptor complex, IL2Rαβγ, reducing its ability to bind and activate the heterotrimeric receptor complex. Conversely, the corresponding IL2Rα variants described herein have amino acid substitutions compensating for such reduced ability of IL2 variants to bind to and activate IL2Rαβγ, preferably at amino acid residues contacted by IL2 amino acid residues that are substituted in the IL2 variants described herein. 1. A system comprising:(i) a receptor polypeptide comprising a mutein of the alpha subunit of interleukin-2 receptor (IL2R) or of a functional variant of the alpha subunit of IL2R, wherein the alpha subunit of IL2R or the functional variant thereof is substituted at at least one position,(ii) a ligand polypeptide comprising a mutein of IL2 or of a functional variant of IL2, wherein the IL2 or the functional variant thereof is substituted at at least one position,wherein the substitutions are such that(a) the mutein under (ii) binds to and activates IL2R comprising the mutein under (i) as alpha subunit, and(b) binding to and/or activation of IL2R comprising the mutein under (i) as alpha subunit by the mutein under (ii) exceeds binding to and/or activation of IL2R comprising the alpha subunit of IL2R or the functional variant thereof as alpha subunit by the mutein under (ii).2. The system of claim 1 , wherein binding to and/or activation of IL2R comprising the mutein under (i) as alpha subunit by the mutein under (ii) exceeds binding to and/or activation of IL2R comprising the mutein under (i) as alpha subunit by IL2 or the functional variant thereof.3. The system of or claim 1 , wherein binding to and/or activation of IL2R comprising the alpha subunit of IL2R or the functional variant ...

Compact Microwave Water-Conductivity Probe With Integral Second Pressure Barrier

Methods and devices for measuring fluid properties include an electromagnetic sensor. The electromagnetic sensor includes a coaxial probe body having a first integral pressure barrier and a second integral pressure barrier formed from coaxial-feedthrough connector. The first integral pressure barrier and the second integral pressure barrier have a desired characteristic impedance. 1. An electromagnetic sensor for multiphase flow measurement , comprising:a coaxial probe body having a passageway;a first integral pressure barrier coupled to at least a portion of the passageway, the first integral pressure barrier having a desired characteristic impedance; anda second integral pressure barrier coupled to at least another portion of the passageway, the second integral pressure barrier having a desired characteristic impedance.2. The electromagnetic sensor of claim 1 , wherein the first integral pressure barrier comprises:an inner conductor having a first end and a second end;an insulator surrounding and sealingly coupled with at least a portion of the inner conductor; anda portion of the passageway surrounding and sealingly coupled with the insulator to form a first seal between the inner conductor and the coaxial probe body, the coaxial probe body acting as an outer conductor, wherein the first end of the inner conductor and the insulator is flush with an open-aperture surface of the coaxial probe body.3. The electromagnetic sensor of claim 2 , wherein the insulator comprises a glass or a ceramic insulator such that the first seal has a glass-metal or a ceramic-metal seal between the inner conductor and the coaxial probe body.4. The electromagnetic sensor of claim 2 , wherein the second pressure barrier comprises a coaxial feedthrough connector coupled with the passageway.5. The electromagnetic sensor of claim 4 , wherein the coaxial feedthrough connector comprises:a center-conductor having a first end, a center section, and a second end;a feedthrough insulator ...

Valve for metering a fluid

A fluid metering valve includes a valve-seat surface; a valve closing element that interacts with the valve-seat surface in order to form a sealing seat; an electromagnetic actuator; a valve needle used for operating the valve-closing element; an armature that is guided on the valve needle and is used for opening or closing the sealing seat; at least one stop that is disposed on, and stationary relative to, the valve needle and that restricts a movement of the armature on the valve needle; and at least one damping element that is configured to provide a damping during the opening or closing of the sealing seat, has a volume that is able to be filled with a fluid medium, is configured such that a fluid medium can be exchanged between the volume and an environment of the damping element, and is configured for volume changes of the volume in order to enable the damping.

Method and apparatus for separating a synthesis gas by cryogenic distillation

In a process for separating a mixture containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, the mixture cooled in a heat exchanger is contacted by a stream of liquid methanol at a temperature below −40° C. to produce carbon dioxide enriched methanol and a carbon dioxide depleted gas relative to the cooled mixture, the carbon dioxide depleted gas is cooled in the heat exchanger and is sent to a separation unit to produce a carbon monoxide enriched stream and a hydrogen enriched stream and the streams enriched in carbon monoxide and hydrogen are heated in the heat exchanger by exchanging heat with the mixture.

Plasma Treatment Device

The plasma sensor monitors parameters characterizing the condition of the plasma during the treatment phase and/or the change thereof in order to recognize a prefiguring or already occurred interruption of the plasma in this manner and to avoid this interruption and, in the ideal case, avoid this by already changing the voltage form previously. The mentioned mechanisms can be used by the control device () also during a pulse packet. The length of each pulse packet is adapted at each change of the voltage form according to their characteristics in order to guarantee a constant average power. 110. A device () for plasma treatment comprising:{'b': '15', 'a generator () that is configured to create a radio frequency alternating voltage (HF) in different adjustments,'}{'b': 12', '15', '12', '20', '20, 'an instrument () that is connected or connectable to the generator () for supplying the instrument with a treatment current, wherein the instrument () comprises at least one electrode () to which the radio frequency alternating voltage (HF) is fed for creating a plasma at the electrode (), wherein the radio frequency alternating voltage created in the different adjustments comprise different ignition capabilities and/or different plasma maintenance capabilities,'}{'b': 22', '15', '15', '15, 'hag a control device () that is connected to the generator () for adjustment of the generator (), such that the generator () is started in an ignition operating mode and then operated in an operating mode.'}223151212. The device according to claim 1 , further comprising a plasma sensor () that is connected to the generator () and/or the instrument () to determine a behavior of the plasma at the instrument () claim 1 ,{'b': 22', '23', '15', '22', '15, 'wherein the control device () is connected to the plasma sensor () to allow adjustment of the generator () by the control device () based on the behavior of the plasma detected by the plasma sensor (),'}{'b': 22', '15', '23, 'wherein the ...

VALVE FOR METERING A FLUID, IN PARTICULAR A FUEL INJECTOR

A fuel injector including an especially precisely aligned valve needle. The fuel injector includes an excitable actuator for actuating a valve closure element, which forms a sealing seat together with a valve seat surface formed on the valve seat body, and has injection orifices, which are developed downstream from the valve seat surface. The valve closure element is spherical and, as a part of a valve needle which is axially movable along a valve longitudinal axis, is fixedly connected to a pin-shaped solid valve needle shaft. A contact region of the valve needle shaft and the valve closure element is situated radially outside the valve longitudinal axis and surrounds it in the form of a ring. The fuel injector is particularly suitable for the direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of a mixture-compressing internal combustion engine having externally supplied ignition. 110-. (canceled)11. A fuel injector for a direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber , for a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine , comprising:an excitable actuator configured to actuate a valve closure element, the valve closure element forming a sealing seat together with a valve seat surface formed on a valve seat body;at least one injection orifice downstream from the valve seat surface;wherein the valve closure element is spherical and is part of a valve needle which is axially movable along a valve longitudinal axis, the valve closure member being fixedly connected to a pin-shaped solid valve needle shaft, a contact region of the valve needle shaft and the valve closure element lies radially outside the valve longitudinal axis and surrounds it in the form of a ring.12. The fuel injector as recited in claim 11 , wherein the valve closure member has a largely linear contact at the valve needle shaft claim 11 , the valve closure element being able to be placed against the valve needle shaft and fixed in place in a centered manner.13. The fuel injector as ...

VALVE FOR METERING A FLUID

A valve for metering a fluid, the valve preferably being designed as a fuel injector for internal combustion engines. The valve includes an electromagnetic actuator and a valve needle that is actuatable by the actuator. The valve needle is used for actuating a valve closing body that cooperates with a valve seat surface to form a sealing seat. An armature of the actuator includes a through opening through which the valve needle extends. An annular gap is formed between an inner wall of a housing part and an outer side of the armature. A movable damping element that may have a partial ring shape is situated on the annular gap. The movable damping element is actuatable by a magnetic field that is generated by the actuator. The dynamics of the armature may thus be advantageously influenced in order to in particular reduce an armature bounce. 110-. (canceled)11. A valve for metering a fluid , comprising:an electromagnetic actuator;a valve needle which is actuatable by the actuator and which actuates a valve closing body that cooperates with a valve seat surface to form a sealing seat, an armature of the actuator including a through opening through which the valve needle extends, and an annular gap being formed between an inner wall of a housing part and an outer side of the armature; andat least one movable damping element situated on the annular gap, the movable damping element being actuatable by a magnetic field that is generated by the actuator.12. The valve as recited in claim 11 , wherein the valve is a fuel injector for an internal combustion engine.13. The valve as recited in claim 11 , wherein the damping element is designed as a damping element that is radially movable.14. The valve as recited in claim 11 , wherein an indentation that is associated with the damping element and at least partially accommodates the damping element is provided in the housing part.15. The valve as recited in claim 14 , further comprising:at least one spring element associated with ...

PLASMA, MEDIA, SPECIES, SYSTEMS, METHODS

A plasma for prevention of intraepithelial neoplasia, particularly by anti-viral therapy. The plasma may be used, for example, against the human papillomavirus, for treatment of intraepithelial neoplasia of all grades of severity, e.g., carcinoma in situ lesions, and/or for treatment of invasive carcinoma that is reachable in epithelial manner. A system for creating the plasma includes a medical instrument with at least one electrode having galvanic contact to the plasma. The medical instrument also has an RF device that provides an alternating voltage to supply the instrument with electric power and a gas supply device that is adjusted to supply gas, for example argon gas, to the instrument. 1. A plasma for prevention of intraepithelial neoplasia , particularly by anti-viral therapy , e.g. , against the human papillomavirus , for treatment of intraepithelial neoplasia of all grades of severity , e.g. , carcinoma in situ lesions , and/or for treatment of invasive carcinoma that is reachable in epithelial manner , wherein the plasma is created with a system for creation of a plasma , preferably an argon plasma , having a medical instrument with at least one electrode with galvanic contact to the plasma , an RF device for providing an alternating voltage for supply of the instrument with electric power and a gas supply device that is adjusted in order to supply gas , particularly argon , to the instrument.2. The plasma according to for treatment of intraepithelial neoplasia of at least one of the following organ systems of mammals: Uterine cervix claim 1 , os claim 1 , esophagus claim 1 , stomach claim 1 , colon claim 1 , rectum and peritoneum.3. The plasma according to for treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of the grade I to III.4. The plasma according to claim 1 , wherein the system comprises a neutral electrode claim 1 , wherein the neutral electrode is arranged on the body of a patient in order to close the circuit from the RF device via the electrode ...

VALVE FOR METERING A FLUID

A fluid metering valve includes a housing, an electromagnetic actuator that includes an armature that is separated from an inner wall of the housing by an annular gap, a throttle element connected to the armature or the housing and arranged in the annular gap to dampen a movement of the armature that is opposite to an opening direction, a valve seat surface, a valve closing body that cooperates with the valve seat surface to form a sealing seat, and a valve needle that (a) is actuatable by the actuator, (b) is arranged for actuating the valve closing body (c) extends through a borehole in the armature so that the armature is movably guidable on the valve needle, and (d) includes a stop arranged such that, during an actuation, the armature strikes against the stop in the opening direction to thereby open the sealing seat. 110-. (canceled)11. A valve for metering a fluid , the valve comprising:a housing;an electromagnetic actuator that includes an armature, wherein an inner wall of the housing and an outer side of the armature are separated by an annular gap;a throttle element connected to the armature or the housing and arranged in the annular gap to dampen a movement of the armature that is opposite to an opening direction;a valve seat surface;a valve closing body that cooperates with the valve seat surface to form a sealing seat; and is actuatable by the actuator;', 'is arranged for actuating the valve closing body;', 'extends through a borehole in the armature so that the armature is movably guidable on the valve needle; and', 'includes a stop arranged such that, during an actuation, the armature strikes against the stop in the opening direction to thereby open the sealing seat., 'a valve needle that12. The valve of claim 11 , wherein the valve is of a fuel injector for an internal combustion engine.13. The valve of claim 11 , wherein the outer side of the armature includes a ring-shaped recess in which the throttle element is arranged.14. The valve of claim 11 , ...

METHOD FOR OPERATING A FUEL INJECTOR

A method for operating a fuel injector, in particular of an internal combustion engine, is described. At least one first injection and one second injection take place in succession. A valve needle reaches its closed position at a first point in time. The triggering of the second injection begins at the first point in time. 1. A method for operating a fuel injector of an internal combustion engine comprising:performing at least one first injection and one second injection in succession, a valve needle reaching its closed position at a first point in time;wherein the second injection is triggered at the first point in time or directly after the first point in time.2. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the triggering of the second injection begins after the first point in time and before a second point in time at which a magnet armature reaches its end position.3. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first point in time is ascertained based on an operating parameter of the fuel injector.4. The method as recited in claim 3 , wherein at least one of: i) a current which flows through the fuel injector claim 3 , and ii) a voltage which is applied at the fuel injector claim 3 , is evaluated as the operating parameter.5. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first point in time is read out from an engine characteristic map based on parameters of the internal combustion engine.6. The method as recited in claim 5 , wherein the first point in time is ascertained in the presence of certain parameters of the internal combustion engine based on operating parameters of the fuel injector and is entered into the engine characteristic map.7. A machine-readable memory medium on which an executable computer program is stored claim 5 , the computer program claim 5 , when executed by a processor claim 5 , causing the processor to perform:at least one first injection and one second injection in succession, a valve needle reaching its closed position at a first ...

VALVE FOR METERING A FLUID

A valve for metering a fluid. An armature of the electromagnetic actuator is movable along a longitudinal axis of a valve needle, the movement of the armature relative to the valve needle being limited by a stop surface on the valve needle. The armature has a passage channel. The stop surface is on a stop element. The stop element and the armature are such that during operation there always remains an intermediate space, adjoining the valve needle, between the stop element and an end face of the armature facing the stop element. The stop surface lies, in a contact region, on the end surface of the armature facing the stop element when the armature and the stop surface come into contact during operation, the contact region being situated between the intermediate space and an opening of the passage channel when the armature and the stop surface come into contact. 110-. (canceled)11. A valve for metering a fluid , the valve being a fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine , the valve comprising:an electromagnetic actuator; anda valve needle actuatable by the electromagnetic actuator, used to actuate a valve closing body that interacts with a valve seat surface to form a sealing seat, an armature of the electromagnetic actuator being guided on the valve needle so as to be movable along a longitudinal axis of the valve needle, the movement of the armature relative to the valve needle being limited by at least one stop surface, situated on the valve needle, of a stop element, the armature having at least one passage channel;wherein the stop element and/or the armature are fashioned such that during operation there always remains an intermediate space, adjoining the valve needle, between the stop element and an end face of the armature facing the stop element, and the stop surface lies, at least in a contact region, on the end face of the armature facing the stop element when the armature and the stop surface come into contact during operation, the contact ...

VALVE FOR METERING A FLUID

A fluid metering valve includes a valve needle that is actuatable by an electromagnetic actuator that includes an armature guided on and along a longitudinal axis of the valve needle with a movement limited by a stop surface on the valve needle. A projection of an edge of the stop surface extends into a projection plane, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and at which the armature and stop surface are in contact temporarily during operation, through an opening of a conduit of the armature, dividing the opening into an inner surface on one side of the projection and an outer surface on the other side of the projection. A fluid exchange between inside and outside of an area between the stop surface and armature is via a path through the inner surface, conduit, and outer surface when the armature is in contact with the stop surface at the projection plane. 111-. (canceled)12. A valve for metering a fluid , the valve comprising:an electromagnetic actuator that includes an armature, wherein the armature includes at least one passthrough conduit;a valve closing body;a valve seat surface with which the valve closing body interacts to form a sealing seat;a valve needle that is actuatable by the electromagnetic actuator to actuate the valve closing body and on which the armature of the electromagnetic actuator is guidable to move along a longitudinal axis of the valve needle; and at least temporarily during operation, meet, at an inner part of an opening of the at least one passthrough conduit, a projection plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and is at a bottom of the armature, with an outer part of the opening being radially exterior to the edge, thereby enabling a fluid exchange between (a) inside an area that is on the at least one stop surface and below the armature and (b) outside of the area via a path that extends from the area to the inner part of the opening to the outer part of the opening; and', 'at least temporarily during the operation, ...

VALVE FOR METERING A FLUID

A valve for metering fluids, for fuel injection valves for internal combustion engines, includes an electromagnetic actuator in a housing and a valve needle actuatable by an armature of the actuator, which actuates a valve closing body interacting with a valve-seat surface to form a sealing seat. The armature is movably guided on the valve needle. A stop element connected to the valve needle limits, with an actuation of the valve needle, a relative motion between the armature and the valve needle. The stop element includes at least one elastically deformable part and one stop piece, the elastically deformable part being shaped as a sleeve, and the stop element being configured so that the armature, upon the limitation of the relative motion between the armature and the valve needle, initially contacts the elastically deformable part and impacts the stop piece after a corresponding elastic deformation of the elastically deformable part. 1. A valve for metering a fluid , which is a fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine , comprising:an electromagnetic actuator situated in a housing;a valve needle actuatable by an armature of the actuator, for actuating a valve closing body which interacts with a valve-seat surface to form a sealing seat, the armature being movably guided on the valve needle; andat least one stop element connected to the valve needle, which, in connection with an actuation of the valve needle, limits a relative motion between the armature and the valve needle;wherein the stop element includes at least one elastically deformable part and one stop piece, wherein the elastically deformable part is configured at least partially in the form of a sleeve, and wherein the stop element is configured so that the armature, upon the limitation of the relative motion between the armature and the valve needle, initially contacts the elastically deformable part and impacts the stop piece only after a corresponding elastic deformation of the ...

Detection of cd-155, the poliovirus receptor

A reliable assay to specifically detect CD155 in tissue sections has widespread use because CD155 is expressed widely among tumor types. Additionally, detected expression of CD 155 in glioblastoma cells is at levels commensurate with susceptibility to PVSRIPO (a poliovirus construct) infection and killing. An anti-CD155 antibody can achieve mono-specific detection of CD155 in immunoblots of tumor homogenates and immunohistochemistry of tumor formalin fixed, paraffin embedded sections. The assay can be used to determine appropriate use of PVSRIPO in oncolytic immunotherapy against cancers.

Photonic device

A photonic device (100) comprising: an optical waveguide (101), and a modulating element (102) that is evanescently coupled to the waveguide (101); wherein the modulating element (102) modifies a transmission, reflection or absorption characteristic of the waveguide (101) dependant on its state, and the state of the modulating element (102) is switchable by an optical switching signal (125) carried by the waveguide (101), or by an electrical signal that heats the modulating element (102).

ANTIGEN RECEPTORS AND USES THEREOF

The present invention generally embraces the treatment of diseases by targeting cells expressing an antigen on the cell surface. In particular the invention relates to recombinant antigen receptors and uses thereof. T cells engineered to express such antigen receptors are useful in the treatment of diseases characterized by expression of one or more antigens bound by the antigen receptors. 1. An antigen receptor , which receptor comprises a first peptide chain and a second peptide chain , whereinthe first peptide chain comprises at least a first and a second domain, and an immunoreceptor signal transmission domain;the second peptide chain comprises at least a first and a second domain, and an immunoreceptor signal transmission domain;wherein the first domain from the first peptide chain forms together with one of the domains from the second peptide chain a first antigen binding site, andwherein the second domain from the first peptide chain forms together with the other domain from the second peptide chain a second antigen binding site.2. The receptor of claim 1 , wherein the immunoreceptor signal transmission domain comprises a constant or invariant region of a T cell receptor chain or a constant or invariant region of an immune cell Fc receptor chain or a portion of the constant or invariant region.3. The receptor of claim 1 , wherein the first and/or second peptide chains further comprise a linker between the first and second domains and/or between the first and second domains and the immunoreceptor signal transmission domain.4. The receptor of claim 3 , wherein the linker is an arbitrary amino acid sequence.5. The receptor of claim 1 , wherein the first and/or second domains each comprise a variable region of an immunoglobulin chain or a variable region of a T cell receptor chain or a portion of the variable region.6. The receptor of claim 1 , wherein(i) the first peptide chain comprises a constant region of a T cell receptor alpha chain or a portion thereof and ...

Electromagnetic and Power Noise Injection for Hardware Operation Concealment

A method of operation concealment for a cryptographic system includes randomly selecting which one of at least two cryptographic operation blocks receives a key to apply a valid operation to data and outputs a result that is used for subsequent operations. Noise can be added by operating the other of the at least two cryptographic operation blocks using a modified key. The modified key can be generated by mixing the key with a block-unique-identifier, a device secret, a slowly adjusting output of a counter, or a combination thereof. In some cases, noise can be added to a cryptographic system by transforming input data of the other cryptographic operation block(s) by mixing the input data with the block-unique-identifier, device secret, counter output, or a combination thereof. A cryptographic system with operation concealment can further include a distributed (across a chip) or interweaved arrangement of subblocks of the cryptographic operation blocks.

Process for preparing functionalized polyisobutenes and derivatives thereof

What is described is a process for preparing functionalized polyisobutenes, in which isobutene or an isobutene-containing monomer mixture is polymerized in the presence of a Lewis acid and of an initiator, and the polymerization is terminated with a mixture of a phenol and a Lewis acid and/or a Brønsted acid. The terminal phenol groups can be derivatized or reduced to cyclohexanol systems.

Pull-out tester for a setting tool

The invention relates to a pull-out tester ( 1 ) for a setting tool used for setting a setting bolt ( 3 ), comprising a retaining part ( 4 ) for holding the setting bolt ( 3 ), an elastic element ( 7 ), at least one means ( 9 ) for transmitting a pull-out force acting on the setting bolt ( 3 ) onto the elastic element ( 7 ) such that if a pull-out testing force acting on the setting bolt ( 3 ) is exceeded, the connection between the setting bolt ( 3 ) and the pull-out tester ( 1 ) can be detached due to a deformation of the elastic element ( 7 ). The problem addressed by the invention is that of being able to provide a substantially constant pull-out testing force, even in different temperatures and with a different pull-out speed of the pull-out tester ( 1 ). The problem is solved in that the force transmitted to the elastic element ( 7 ) in order to deform the elastic element ( 7 ) substantially causes an elastic deformation of the elastic element ( 7 ) and the connection between the setting bolt ( 3 ) and the pull-out tester ( 1 ) can be detached due to the substantially elastic deformation of the elastic element ( 7 ).

VALVE FOR METERING A FLUID

A valve for metering a fluid is described, which is used, in particular, as a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, including an electromagnetic actuator and a valve needle actuatable by the actuator, an armature of the actuator being guided on valve needle, a stop element which limits a movement of the armature relative to the valve needle being situated on the valve needle, and the armature including a spring receptacle which is open toward the stop element and in which a spring supported on the stop element is inserted. The valve needle is guided via the armature and/or the stop element along a longitudinal axis of a housing. Furthermore, as viewed along the longitudinal axis, a length of the spring receptacle is smaller than a spring length of the spring in the non-actuated initial state. 110.-. (canceled)11. A valve for metering a fluid , comprising:a housing;an electromagnetic actuator;a valve needle actuatable by the actuator, wherein an armature of the actuator is guided on the valve needle;a stop element that limits a movement of the armature relative to the valve needle, wherein the stop element is situated on the valve needle; and the armature includes a spring receptacle that is open toward the stop element and in which the spring supported on the stop element is inserted,', 'the valve needle is guided via at least one of the armature and the stop element along a longitudinal axis of the housing, and', 'as viewed along the longitudinal axis, a length of the spring receptacle is smaller than a spring length of the spring in a non-actuated initial state., 'a spring supported on the stop element, wherein12. The valve as recited in claim 11 , wherein the valve is a fuel injector for an internal combustion engine.13. The valve as recited in claim 11 , wherein at least one of:a guide web facing the stop element and guiding the armature along the longitudinal axis on the valve needle is formed on the armature, andthe spring receptacle is formed by an ...

Membrane module and method of detecting deposits in a membrane module

A device and a method for detecting deposits in a membrane module which produces a permeate and which comprises at least one permeable or semipermeable membrane layer. At least one polymer optical fiber for detecting deposits on the membrane layer is integrated in the membrane module such that the polymer optical fiber is in contact with at least one membrane layer. A method of detecting deposits in a membrane module producing a permeate and to a membrane module for producing a permeate from a feed stream of a fluid, in particular an aqueous solution, with the membrane module comprising a plurality of adjacently disposed or stacked sheets of a permeable or semipermeable membrane layer and with at least one polymer optical fiber being embedded or integrated in the membrane module, which polymer optical fiber is in contact with at least one sheet of the membrane layer.

Valve for metering a fluid

A valve includes an electromagnetic actuator, which has an armature in an armature space and guided on a valve needle operable by the actuator using the armature. A first and a second stop element that interact with a first and second end face, respectively, of the armature are situated on the valve needle. The armature has a spring receptacle, which is open towards the first end face of the armature, and into which a spring is inserted. The armature has at least one fluid channel, which, during operation, allows fluid to pass through between first and second regions of the armature space at the first and second end faces, respectively, of the armature. The fluid channel incorporates at least part of the spring receptacle. Sections of the fluid channel run radially outwards along a direction oriented from the first to the second end face and coaxial to a longitudinal axis.

Internal combustion engine with at least three cylinders

Brennkraftmaschine mit zumindest drei Zylindern in Reihe in einem Kurbelgehäuse und mit einem Zylinderkopf mit einer Einlass- und einer Auslassseite, sowie jeweils einem Stegbereich zwischen den Zylindern, wobei für den Zylinderkopf und/oder das Kurbelgehäuse ein erster und ein zweiter, weitgehend parallel zu einer Längsachse der Brennkraftmaschine angeordneter Kühlmittelkanal für ein Kühlmittel vorgesehen ist, wobei der erste und der zweite Kühlmittelkanal durch zumindest eine Stegbohrung mit einander Kühlmittel führend verbunden sind und wobei der Zylinderkopf weitgehend quer und teilweise längs zur Längsachse von dem Kühlmittel durchströmbar ist, wobei ein Strömungsquerschnitt des ersten Kühlmittelkanals in Strömungsrichtung des Kühlmittels kleiner und ein Strömungsquerschnitt des zweiten Kühlmittelkanals in Strömungsrichtung des Kühlmittels größer wird. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung der Brennkraftmaschine wird die Kühlung des Stegbereiches im Kurbelgehäuse sowie im Dachbereich des Zylinderkopfes deutlich verbessert. Internal combustion engine with at least three cylinders in series in a crankcase and with a cylinder head with an inlet and an outlet side, and in each case a land area between the cylinders, wherein for the cylinder head and / or the crankcase a first and a second, substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis The coolant channel arranged for the internal combustion engine is provided for a coolant, wherein the first and the second coolant channel are connected by at least one web bore with coolant and wherein the cylinder head is largely transversely and partially longitudinally flowed through by the coolant, wherein a flow cross-section of the first coolant channel becomes smaller in the flow direction of the coolant and a flow cross-section of the second coolant channel in the flow direction of the coolant increases. The inventive design of the internal combustion engine, the cooling of the land area in the crankcase and the roof area ...

Dishing resistance

Fabrication of devices that produces a surface with reduced dishing caused by polishing. The reduced dishing is the result of forming a first layer that partially covers a complex surface topography and a second layer the covers the surface topography. The second layer being more resistant to polishing than the first so as to reduce dishing in the wide spaces of the complex topography.

Printing unit

The invention relates to a printing unit (01), the printing unit (01) having at least one supply container (03) for coating agent, an equalising container (04) and at least one printing head (02). The printing unit (01) has a main assembly (33) and a printing head assembly (34), the supply container (03) being part of the main assembly (33). The printing head assembly (34) is connected to the main assembly (33) by at least one flexible supply connection (36). The printing head assembly (34) as a whole can be arranged in different printing positions relative to the main assembly (33). The printing head assembly (34) has at least one main body (43), the at least one printing head (02) and at least one nozzle closure (37). The at least one nozzle closure (37) and the at least one printing head (02) are movable relative to each other. The nozzle closure (37) has at least one storage element (62) for solvent.

Air line for an intake tract of an internal combustion engine

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Luftleitung (10) für einen Ansaugtrakt einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, mit wenigstens einem von Luft durchströmbaren Kanal (12) zum Führen der Luft zu wenigstens einem Brennraum der Verbrennungskraftmaschine, mit einem ersten Anschlussbereich (14), in welchem ein Luftmassenmesser (16) mit der Luftleitung (10) verbindbar ist, mit einem in Strömungsrichtung der Luft durch den Kanal (12) stromab des ersten Anschlussbereichs (14) angeordneten, zweiten Anschlussbereich (18), in welchem die Luftleitung (10) mit einem Verdichter eines Abgasturboladers verbindbar ist, und mit wenigstens einer stromab des ersten Anschlussbereichs (14) und stromauf des zweiten Anschlussbereichs (18) angeordneten Anschlussstelle (20), an welcher die Luftleitung (10) mit einer Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine fluidisch verbindbar ist, wobei die Luftleitung (10) eine Mehrzahl von stromauf des zweiten Anschlussbereichs (18) angeordneten, von einer den Kanal (12) zumindest teilweise begrenzenden Wandung (24) der Luftleitung (10) nach innen abstehenden und in Umfangsrichtung der Luftleitung (10) voneinander beabstandeten Leitrippen (26) zum Leiten der Luft aufweist. The invention relates to an air line (10) for an intake tract of an internal combustion engine, having at least one air passable passage (12) for guiding the air to at least one combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, having a first connection region (14) in which an air mass meter (16). with the air line (10) is connectable, with a in the flow direction of the air through the channel (12) downstream of the first connection region (14) arranged second connection region (18), in which the air line (10) is connectable to a compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger , and with at least one connection point (20) arranged downstream of the first connection region (14) and upstream of the second connection region (18), to which the air line (10) is fluidically connectable to a ...

Sensor arrangement

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Sensoranordnung (8) für ein Fahrzeug, das eine Außenhaut mit einer Öffnung (10) aufweist, wobei für das Fahrzeug ein aktiver Betriebszustand und ein passiver Betriebszustand vorgesehen sind, wobei die Sensoranordnung (8) einen Sensor (6) aufweist, der relativ zu der Öffnung (10) in der Außenhaut des Fahrzeugs zwischen einer aktiven Betriebsposition, wobei ein Erfassungsbereich (16) des Sensors (6) durch die Öffnung (10) in eine Umgebung des Fahrzeugs ausgerichtet ist, und einer passiven Betriebsposition, wobei der Erfassungsbereich (16) des Sensors (6) in einen von der Außenhaut begrenzten Innenraum innerhalb des Fahrzeugs ausgerichtet ist, bewegbar ist, wobei sich der Sensor (6) für den Fall, dass sich das Fahrzeug in dem aktiven Betriebszustand befindet, in der aktiven Betriebsposition anordenbar ist, und wobei der Sensor (6) für den Fall, dass sich das Fahrzeug in dem passiven Betriebszustand befindet, in der passiven Betriebsposition anordenbar ist. The invention relates to a sensor arrangement (8) for a vehicle which has an outer skin with an opening (10), an active operating state and a passive operating state being provided for the vehicle, the sensor arrangement (8) having a sensor (6), the relative to the opening (10) in the outer skin of the vehicle between an active operating position, wherein a detection area (16) of the sensor (6) is aligned through the opening (10) in the surroundings of the vehicle, and a passive operating position, wherein the The detection area (16) of the sensor (6) is aligned in an interior space within the vehicle bounded by the outer skin, the sensor (6) being in the active operating position in the event that the vehicle is in the active operating state can be arranged, and wherein the sensor (6) can be arranged in the passive operating position in the event that the vehicle is in the passive operating state.

Valve for metering a fluid

Method for determining visual range for vehicle, involves determining surrounding of vehicle by camera, where contrast dimensions are determined for object depicted in images, where visual range is determined from contrast dimensions

The method involves determining the surrounding of a vehicle by a camera (3), where the contrast dimensions (C) are determined for an object (O) depicted in the images (B). The visual range (S) is determined from the contrast dimensions, where the distance (A) between the vehicle and the object, is determined from the information detected by a radar sensor (5). An independent claim is also included for a device for determining visual range for a vehicle.

Surface-modified pigments and their use to inhibit yellowing of pigmented plastics

Fuel injector

Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit einem von einer Magnetspule (1) umgebenen Kern (2), mit einem festen Ventilsitz (30), mit einem dem Kern (2) zugewandten Anker (27), mit einer mit dem Ventilsitz (30) zusammenwirkenden Ventilnadel (18), die von dem Anker (27), einem Ventilschließkörper (24) und einem hülsenförmigen Ventilnadelabschnitt (19) gebildet wird, wobei der Ventilnadelabschnitt (19) als Verbindungsteil zwischen dem Anker (27) und dem Ventilschließkörper (24) liegt und in seiner Wandung Queröffnungen (55) zum Austritt von Brennstoff aus einer inneren Längsöffnung (63) hat, wobei die Queröffnungen (55) ausschließlich innerhalb des ersten stromaufwärtigen Drittels (x) der freien axialen Länge (l) des Ventilnadelabschnitts (19) angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gesamtquerschnitt der Queröffnungen (55) wenigstens gleich dem Querschnitt der inneren Längsöffnung (63) des Ventilnadelabschnitts (19) ist. Fuel injection valve with a core (2) surrounded by a magnetic coil (1), with a fixed valve seat (30), with an armature (27) facing the core (2), with a valve needle (18) cooperating with the valve seat (30), formed by the armature (27), a valve closing body (24) and a sleeve-shaped valve needle section (19), wherein the valve needle section (19) as a connecting part between the armature (27) and the valve closing body (24) and in its wall transverse openings ( 55) for discharging fuel from an inner longitudinal opening (63), the transverse openings (55) being located exclusively within the first upstream third (x) of the free axial length (l) of the valve needle section (19), characterized in that the Overall cross section of the transverse openings (55) is at least equal to the cross section of the inner longitudinal opening (63) of the valve needle portion (19).

Fuel injection valve for IC engine, has characteristic oscillation frequency of supplied fuel matched to valve closure intervals

The fuel injection valve (1) has a magnetic coil (10) and a cooperating armature (20) for axial movement of a spring-biased valve needle (3), provided with a valve closure (4) cooperating with a valve seat (5), an inner pole (13) and an outer pole (9) providing a magnetic circuit together with the magnetic coil and a central fuel feed (16). A sleeve (21) is inserted in the central fuel feed, to provide a fuel flow path with a length and diameter such that the characteristic oscillation frequency of the supplied fuel is matched to the closure intervals of the fuel injection valve.

Fuel injector

A fuel injector includes a magnetic coil, which cooperates with an armature which, together with a valve needle acted upon by a restoring spring, forms an axially movable valve part. A valve-closure member which forms a sealing seat together with a valve-seat member, is provided at the valve needle. Furthermore, the fuel injector includes an inner pole and an outer pole which form a magnetic circuit together with the magnetic coil, and a central fuel supply. A sleeve is situated in the central fuel supply of the fuel injector in such a way that a flow route of the fuel through the fuel injector is formed such with respect to length and diameter that the frequency of natural oscillations which are excited by the fuel flowing through the fuel injector, is adjusted to the closing intervals of the fuel injector.

Flattening of semiconductor structure and filling of gaps between adjacent gate electrodes of semiconductor structure

(57)【要約】 【課題】 従来技術の欠点を回避する半導体構造体の平 坦化方法及び半導体構造体の隣接するゲート電極間の間 隙の充填方法の提供。 【解決手段】 流動性材料を構造体の第１及び第２の表 面領域上に堆積し、この際材料の部分が高アスペクト比 トポグラフィにおける間隙を充填することによって高ア スペクト比トポグラフィ上に実質的に平坦な表面を形成 し、ドープされた層を堆積された流動性材料上に形成 し、この際ドープされた層を高アスペクト比領域上及び 低アスペクト比領域上に形成し、この際低アスペクト比 領域上のドープされた層の上側表面部分は、堆積された 流動性材料の上側表面部分より高く、かつ第１及び第２ の表面部分の両方の上のドープされた層の上側表面部分 を除去することによって高アスペクト比トポグラフィ及 び低アスペクト比トポグラフィの両方の上に実質的に平 坦な表面を有するドープされた層を形成する。

Method for operating an injection valve

Es wird ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Einspritzventils, insbesondere einer Brennkraftmaschine, beschrieben. Wenigstens eine erste Einspritzung und eine zweite Einspritzung erfolgen nacheinander. Eine Ventilnadel erreicht bei einem ersten Zeitpunkt ihre Schließstellung. Die Ansteuerung der zweiten Einspritzung beginnt beim ersten Zeitpunkt. A method for operating an injection valve, in particular an internal combustion engine, is described. At least one first injection and one second injection take place one after the other. A valve needle reaches its closed position at a first time. The activation of the second injection begins at the first time.

Exhaust gas recirculation device

A mixing device is provided for an exhaust gas recirculation system of an internal combustion engine with an intake air line and an exhaust gas recirculation line. The outlet opening of the recirculation line or admission opening of the intake air line opens into the intake air line and a swirl generating element and/or a turbulence generating element is provided in the area of the admission opening of the mixing device.

Shaft bearing point and shaft bearing

Wellenlagerstelle mit einem Radialwellenlager, in welchem eine Antriebswelle (1) gegenüber einem Maschinengehäuse (2) drehbar gelagert ist,wobei das Radialwellenlager (3) mittelbar oder unmittelbar in einerMaschinengehäusewandung (2) angeordnet ist, welche einen Schmiermittelraum (4) gegenüber einem schmiermittelfreien Raum (5) trennt,wobei das Radialwellenlager (3) in einer axialen Richtung (6) eine dem Schmiermittelraum (4) zugewandte Seite, sogenannte Schmiermittelseite (9) und eine dem Schmiermittelraum abgewandte Seite, sogenannte Dichtungsseite (10) aufweist undwobei eine Radialwellendichtung (11) vorgesehen ist, welche axial beabstandet zu der Dichtungsseite (31) des Radialwellenlagers (3) angeordnet ist, so dass sich in axialer Richtung zwischen der Dichtungsseite (31) und dem Radialwellendichtring (11) eine Schmiermittelkammer ergibt und wobei in der Schmiermittelkammer eine Kammertrennwand (12) angeordnet ist,dadurch gekennzeichnet,dass die Kammertrennwand (12) die Schmiermittelkammer in eine Lagerkammer (13),welche zwischen der Dichtungsseite (10) und der Kammertrennwand (12) angeordnet ist,und eine Dichtungskammer (14), welche zwischen der Kammertrennwand (12) und dem Radialwellendichtring (11) trennt, unddass die Lagerkammer (13) und die Dichtungskammer (14) über eine Trennwanddrossel (15) fluidleitend miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die Trennwanddrossel (15) als fluidleitende Verbindung zwischen diesen beiden Kammern einen Ringspalt aufweist, welcher zwischen der Kammertrennwand (12) und der Antriebswelle (1) gebildet ist und der Ringspalt in einer radialen Richtung (7) eine durchströmbare Höhe (21) aufweist, die größer ist als 0,1 mm und kleiner ist als 3mm. Shaft bearing point with a radial shaft bearing in which a drive shaft (1) is rotatably mounted relative to a machine housing (2), the radial shaft bearing (3) being arranged directly or indirectly in a machine housing wall (2) which has a lubricant space (4) opposite a lubricant-free space ( 5 ...

Method for introducing sirna into cells by photochemical internalisation

The present invention relates to a method for introducing an siRNA molecule into the cytosol of a cell, said method comprising i) contacting said cell with an siRNA molecule, a carrier and a photosensiting agent, and ii) irradiating the cell with light of a wavelength effective to activate the photosensitising agent, wherein said carrier comprises a cationic polyamine such as a lipopolyamine in a non-liposomal formulation, polyethyleneimine (PEI), a betacyclodextrin amine polymer, an amine group containing dendrimer, and a cationic peptide. Cells or a population of cells obtainable by the method, a composition containing an siRNA molecule and the carrier molecule, kits and therapeutic uses of the above are also provided.

Method for operating a motor vehicle

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren (36) zum Betrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs (2), bei dem eine Umgebung (30) des Kraftfahrzeugs (2) optisch auf eine Bewegung überwacht wird. Es wird eine berührungslose Identifizierung eines Nutzers (40) durchgeführt wird, wenn die Bewegung erfasst wurde, und eine Geste des Nutzers (40) wird erfasst, wenn der Nutzer (40) identifiziert wurde. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner einen Sensor (10) eines Kraftfahrzeugs (2). The invention relates to a method (36) for operating a motor vehicle (2), in which an environment (30) of the motor vehicle (2) is optically monitored for movement. A non-contact identification of a user (40) is performed when the movement has been detected, and a gesture of the user (40) is detected when the user (40) has been identified. The invention further relates to a sensor (10) of a motor vehicle (2).

Fuel injection valve

CONDITION RECOGNIZING SYSTEM PRECEDING A CRASH, BASED ON THE USE OF A VIEWING APPARATUS

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AN ACTUATOR USING A CAPACITIVE ELEMENT

Procédé de commande d'un actionneur (100) comportant un élément capacitif (100a) et une résistance ohmique (100b) en parallèle à celui-ci. A certains instants, on saisit la valeur (R) de la résistance ohmique (100b) et, partant de cette valeur de la résistance, on détermine la nature et/ ou la température de l'élément capacitif (100a). A method of controlling an actuator (100) comprising a capacitive element (100a) and an ohmic resistance (100b) in parallel thereto. At certain times, the value (R) of the ohmic resistance (100b) is entered and, starting from this value of the resistance, the nature and / or the temperature of the capacitive element (100a) is determined.

CRASH PRECEDING RECOGNITION SYSTEM BASED ON THE USE OF A CAMERA

Le dispositif comprend un appareil de prise de vues (1) comportant un capteur de mesure de distance (3) et une unité de classification (2) est insérée dans ce couplage et une unité de classification (5) est montée en aval de ce couplage et une unité de sélection (4) est reliée au capteur (3).Application notamment aux dispositifs de contrôle du trafic routier. The device comprises a camera (1) comprising a distance measuring sensor (3) and a classification unit (2) is inserted in this coupling and a classification unit (5) is mounted downstream of this coupling and a selection unit (4) is connected to the sensor (3) .Application in particular to road traffic control devices.

INTERIOR TRIM PIECE FOR A SIDE DOOR OF A TOURISM CAR

Cette pièce de garniture est prévue en particulier pour la réception d'un sac gonflable de protection latérale. Le sac gonflable (7) est guidé dans un entonnoir (6a) faisant saillie en direction d'une découpe (16) de la pièce de garniture (1). Cette découpe est fermée côté habitacle par une pièce moulée en mousse (2a) pourvue de points de rupture (8a, 9, 10) et cette pièce moulée est recouverte, du côté dirigé vers l'intérieur du véhicule, par un revêtement décoratif (3a) relié fermement à la pièce de garniture (1) et divisé en deux parties (3a, 4a) reliées par une couture (5a) qui se rompt au déclenchement du sac gonflable. Applicable à la sécurité des occupants de voitures de tourisme.

Method and apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine

Fuel injection valve

The invention relates to a fuel injection valve (1) for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines. The inventive valve consists of a magnet coil (8), an armature (12) that is impinged upon in a closing direction and by a readjusting spring (10), and a valve needle (3) that is connected to the armature (12) in a positive fit for actuating a valve closing body (4) which, together with a valve seat surface (6), forms a sealing seat. At least one first fuel channel (37) is provided in or on the armature (12). Said channel is flown through by the fuel. The cross-section of the first fuel channel (37) depends on the axial location of the armature (12).

Method for correcting the zoom setting and / or the vertical offset of partial images of a stereo film as well as controlling or controlling a camera digit with two cameras

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Korrigieren der Zoom-Einstellung und/oder des vertikalen Versatzes in einem aus zwei Teilbildern zusammengesetzten Bild eines Stereofilms, wobei das eine Teilbild von einer ersten Kamera eines Kamerarigs zur Verfügung gestellt wird und das zweite Teilbild von einer zweiten Kamera des Kamerarigs zur Verfügung gestellt wird, wobei ein vertikaler Versatz über eine Veränderung der Pitch-Einstellung verändert wird, wobei während des Betriebs beim Aufnehmen des Stereofilms ein Unterschied zwischen den vorliegenden Zoom-Ergebnissen im ersten Teilbild relativ zum zweiten Teilbild erfasst wird und/oder ein vertikaler Versatz der im ersten Teilbild vorhandenen Bildpunkte zu diesen korrespondierenden Bildpunkten im zweiten Teilbild erfasst wird und basierend auf dieser Erkenntnis Korrekturwerte errechnet werden, mit denen der Zoom-Unterschied und/oder der vertikale Versatz, bei entsprechende Anwendung auf die Zoom- und/oder Pitch-Einstellung, vermindert wird. Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Steuerung oder eine Regelung eines Kamerarigs mit zwei Kameras, die ausgebildet ist, um dieses Verfahren durchzuführen. The invention relates to a method for correcting the zoom setting and / or the vertical offset in a stereo image composed of two partial images, wherein one partial image is provided by a first camera of a camera digit and the second partial image is provided by a second camera of the digital camera Kamerarigs is provided, wherein a vertical offset is changed by a change in the pitch setting, wherein during operation when recording the stereo film, a difference between the present zoom results in the first field relative to the second field is detected and / or a vertical Offset of the pixels present in the first partial image to these corresponding pixels in the second partial image is detected and based on this finding correction values are calculated with which the zoom difference and / or the vertical offset, with appropriate ...

Sequential anti-cancer treatment

Human clinical use of a chimeric poliovirus construct has demonstrated excellent anti-tumor effect. Sequential treatment with the virus construct followed by chemotherapy drugs increases the anti-tumor effect. Tumors of different types are susceptible to the combination treatment, including but not limited to melanoma, glioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, medulloblastoma, and colorectal cancer.

Plant extract and its therapeutic use

Pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives

The present invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and X are as defined in the specification, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds are useful for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases which are associated with DPP IV, such as diabetes, particularly non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, and impaired glucose tolerance.

Method for preparing an aqueous acrylamide solution having a low acrylic acid concentration

The present invention relates to methods for preparing an aqueous acrylamide solution having a low acrylic acid concentration. In addition, the present invention relates to methods for reducing the acrylic acid concentration of an aqueous acrylamide solution. The methods involve a bioconversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide in the presence of a biocatalyst, wherein during the bioconversion the content of acrylonitrile is maintained at 0.3 w/w % or more referred to the total weight of the composition in the reactor. Also provided is an aqueous acrylamide solution which is obtained by the methods of the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention is related to an acrylamide homopolymer or copolymer obtained by polymerizing the acrylamide of the aqueous solution.

Valve for metering a fluid

The invention relates to a valve (1) for metering a fluid, which, in particular, is used as a fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines, comprises an electromagnetic actuator (10) and a valve needle (5) that can be actuated by the actuator (10), wherein an armature (6) of the actuator (10) is guided on the valve needle (5), wherein a stop element (7) which limits the movement of the armature (6) relative to the valve needle (5) is arranged on the valve needle (5), and wherein the armature (6) has a spring holder (27) that opens toward the stop element (7) and into which a spring (27) supported on the stop element (7) is inserted. Here, the valve needle (5) is guided along a longitudinal axis (4) of the housing (2) via the armature (6) and/or the stop element (7). In addition, as viewed along the longitudinal axis (4), a length (f) of the spring folder (25) is smaller than a spring length (F) of the spring in the non-actuated initial state.

Plant extract and its therapeutic use

The present invention is directed to a composition comprising an organic extract of at least one Chamomilla plant for the treatment of an abnormal proliferative and/or viral condition, with the proviso that for the treatment of said viral condition the mono/single extract of Matricaria chamomilla (L.) is excluded.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ISOCYANATES OF DIISOCYANATODIPHENYLMETHANE SERIES

Method and system for removing thiols from synthesis gas

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Anlage zur Entfernung von Thiolen aus Synthesegas. Thiole und gegebenenfalls Thiophen und Kohlenstoffdisulfid werden in einer dedizierten Absorptionsstufe mit Methanol als physikalisch wirkenden Absorptionsmittel absorbiert. Mit zumindest Thiolen beladenes Methanol wird in einer Stripp-Stufe mit Methanol-Dämpfen als Stripp-Gas von Thiolen befreit, und die Methanol-Dämpfe enthaltenden Thiole werden in einer Wasch-Stufe von Methanol befreit. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren minimiert Methanol-Verluste und die für den Prozess erforderlichen Mengen an Kühlmittel. The invention relates to a method and a plant for removing thiols from synthesis gas. Thiols and optionally thiophene and carbon disulfide are absorbed in a dedicated absorption stage using methanol as the physically acting absorbent. Methanol loaded with at least thiols is freed from thiols in a stripping stage with methanol vapors as stripping gas, and the thiols containing methanol vapors are freed from methanol in a washing stage. The inventive method minimizes methanol losses and the amounts of coolant required for the process.

Plant Extract and Its Therapeutic Use

The present invention is directed to a composition comprising an aqueous and/or organic extract of at least one Chamomilla plant and/or of at least one Achillea plant for the treatment of an abnormal proliferative and/or viral condition, with the proviso that for the treatment of said abnormal proliferative condition the mono/single extract of Achillea millefolium (L.) is excluded, and with the further proviso that for the treatment of said viral condition the mono/single extract of Matricaria chamomilla (L.) is excluded.

Antigen receptors and uses thereof.

La presente invención generalmente abarca el tratamiento de enfermedades al dirigir células que expresan un antígeno en la superficie celular. En particular, la invención se refiere a receptores de antígeno recombinante y usos de los mismos. Las células T diseñadas para expresar tales receptores de antígeno son útiles en el tratamiento de enfermedades caracterizadas por la expresión de uno o más antígenos unidos por los receptores de antígeno.

fuel cell unit

Brennstoffzelleneinheit (1) zur elektrochemischen Erzeugung von elektrischer Energie, umfassend gestapelt angeordnete Brennstoffzellen (2) und die Brennstoffzellen (2) jeweils gestapelt angeordnete schichtförmige Komponenten umfassen und die Komponenten der Brennstoffzellen (2) Protonenaustauschermembranen, Anoden, Kathoden, Gasdiffusionsschichten und Bipolarplatten sind, so dass die gestapelten Brennstoffzellen (2) einen Brennstoffzellenstapel (40) bilden, ein Gehäuse (42), welches den Brennstoffzellenstapel (40) umschließt, mit einer dem Brennstoffzellenstapel (40) zugewandten Innenseite (43), einen Zwischenraum (41) zwischen der Innenseite (43) des Gehäuses (42) und dem Brennstoffzellenstapel (40), wobei der Zwischenraum (41) wenigstens teilweise mit einem Schaummaterial (45) ausgefüllt ist. Fuel cell unit (1) for the electrochemical generation of electrical energy, comprising stacked fuel cells (2) and the fuel cells (2) each comprise stacked layered components and the components of the fuel cells (2) are proton exchange membranes, anodes, cathodes, gas diffusion layers and bipolar plates, see above that the stacked fuel cells (2) form a fuel cell stack (40), a housing (42) which encloses the fuel cell stack (40), with an inner side (43) facing the fuel cell stack (40), an intermediate space (41) between the inner side ( 43) of the housing (42) and the fuel cell stack (40), the intermediate space (41) being at least partially filled with a foam material (45).

Crushing machine with radar-based wear measurement

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine wie Brecher (10), Mühle oder dergleichen, bei welcher das zu zerkleinernde Material durch einen zwischen wenigstens einer auf einen Bestandteil der Zerkleinerungsmaschine (10) aufgebrachten Verschleißschicht (12) und einer Gegenfläche (35) ausgebildeten und mit fortschreitendem Verschleiß der wenigstens einen Verschleißschicht (12) in seiner Erstreckung variierenden Spalt (22) geführt ist, welche dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass zur Bestimmung des an der Verschleißschicht (12) eintretenden Verschleißes und/oder zur Bestimmung der jeweils geltenden Erstreckung des Spaltes (22) zwischen Verschleißschicht (12) und Gegenfläche (35) eine auf die zugehörige Gegenfläche (35) ausgerichtete Radarantenne (23) zugeordnet ist, wobei die Radarantenne (23) einen Antennenbereich (25) und ein mindestens dem für einen zulässigen Verschleiß vorgesehenen Bereich der Verschleißschicht (12) zugeordnetes und sich mit dem Verschleiß der Verschleißschicht (12) jeweils verkürzendes Verschleißteil (26) umfasst. The present invention relates to a crushing machine such as crusher (10), mill or the like, in which the material to be crushed by a between at least one on a component of the crushing machine (10) applied wear layer (12) and a counter surface (35) formed and advancing Wear of the at least one wear layer (12) in its extension varying gap (22) is guided, which is characterized in that for determining the wear on the wear layer (12) entering wear and / or determining the applicable extent of the gap (22) between the wear layer (12) and the mating surface (35) is associated with a radar antenna (23) aligned with the mating surface (35), the radar antenna (23) having an antenna region (25) and a region of the wear layer ( 12) associated with and with the wear the wear layer (12) in each case comprises shortening wear part (26).

Torsional vibration damper

Drehschwingungsdämpfer (1) für einen Antriebsstrang eines Kraftfahrzeuges, umfassend ein um eine Drehachse (A) drehbares Primärelement (5) und ein, gegen einen Energiespeicher (4) relativ zu dem Primärelement (5) verdrehbares Sekundärelement (8), wobei der Energiespeicher (4) eine Schraubendruckfedereinheit (9) umfasst, wobei die Schraubendruckfedereinheit (9) in einem Federkanal (18) vorgesehen ist und wobei die Schraubendruckfedereinheit (9) eine Außenfeder (10) umfasst, wobei die Außenfeder (10) als eine Bogenfeder (11) ausgeführt ist und wobei innerhalb der Außenfeder (10) und nahezu koaxial zu der Außenfeder (10) eine Innenfeder (20) vorgesehen ist, wobei die Innenfeder (20) in einem aus der Schraubendruckfedereinheit (9) ausgebauten Zustand als eine gerade Schraubendruckfeder (21) ausgeführt ist, wobei die Innenfeder (20) eine Windungsrichtung hat, die entgegengesetzt zu einer Windungsrichtung der Außenfeder (10) ist und wobei die Innenfeder (20) in einem in dem Drehschwingungsdämpfer eingebauten Zustand um einen Wert x kürzer ist, als die Außenfeder (10).

Sequential anti-cancer treatment

Human clinical use of a chimeric poliovirus construct has demonstrated excellent anti-tumor effect. Sequential treatment with the virus construct followed by chemotherapy drugs increases the anti-tumor effect. Tumors of different types are susceptible to the combination treatment, including but not limited to melanoma, glioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, medulloblastoma, and colorectal cancer.

LIDAR DEVICE, VEHICLE AND METHOD FOR DETECTING AN OBJECT

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Lidarvorrichtung (100) zum Erfassen eines Objekts, mit einer um eine Drehachse (14) herum drehbaren optischen Einrichtung (6), welche eine Vielzahl von ersten optischen Elementen (12) und eine Vielzahl von zweiten optischen Elementen (11) aufweist; einer Sendeeinrichtung (10) zum Aussenden von Laserlichtstrahlen; und einer Empfangsreinrichtung (9) zum Empfangen von reflektierten Laserlichtstrahlen; wobei die optische Einrichtung (6) derart ausgebildet ist, dass bei Drehung der optischen Einrichtung (6) um die Drehachse (14) Laserlichtstrahlen mittels der Sendeeinrichtung (10) durch jeweils ein optisches Element (12) der Vielzahl von ersten optischen Elementen (12) hindurch ausgesendet werden, und die an dem Objekt reflektierten Laserlichtstrahlen nach dem Durchgang durch ein optisches Element (11) der Vielzahl von zweiten optischen Elementen (11) von der Empfangseinrichtung (9) empfangen werden. The invention relates to a lidar device (100) for detecting an object, having an optical device (6) which can be rotated around a rotation axis (14) and which has a plurality of first optical elements (12) and a multiplicity of second optical elements (11) ; a transmitting device (10) for emitting laser light beams; and a receiving device (9) for receiving reflected laser light beams; wherein the optical device (6) is designed such that upon rotation of the optical device (6) about the axis of rotation (14) laser light beams by means of the transmitting device (10) by a respective optical element (12) of the plurality of first optical elements (12) are transmitted, and the laser light beams reflected on the object are received by the receiving means (9) after passing through an optical element (11) of the plurality of second optical elements (11).

Neoadjuvant cancer treatment

Provided is a method of treating a tumor in an individual by neoadjuvant therapy, wherein the individual has not previously undergone treatment to effectively reduce tumor burden, the method comprising administering an oncolytic chimeric poliovirus construct, or an oncolytic chimeric poliovirus construct and an immune checkpoint inhibitor, followed by reduction of the tumor. The method may further comprise administration of immune checkpoint inhibitor or oncolytic chimeric poliovirus construct following reduction of tumor. Kits for performing the methods are also provided.

INTERIOR TRIM FOR A SIDE DOOR OF A PASSENGER CAR

Advanced inkwell

Unlocking tool for a vehicle lock

Entriegelungswerkzeug für ein Fahrzeugschloss umfassend ein Befestigungselement (2), wobei das Befestigungselement (2) eine Lösevorrichtung (3) zum Lösen des Entriegelungswerkzeugs (1) von dem Fahrzeugschloss aufweist, und an dem Befestigungselement (2) ein erstes Band (4) derart angebracht ist, bei einer Ziehbewegung auslösend auf die Lösevorrichtung (3) einzuwirken, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an dem Befestigungselement (2) ein zweites Band (5) starr befestigt ist.

Re-encryption following an OTP update event

Memory control circuitry controls access to data stored in memory, and memory security circuitry generates encrypted data to be stored in the memory. The encrypted data is based on target data and a first one-time-pad (OTP). In response to an OTP update event indicating that the first OTP is to be updated to a second OTP different from the first OTP, the memory security circuitry generates a re-encryption value based on the first OTP and the second OTP, and the memory security circuitry to issues a re-encryption request to cause updated encrypted data to be generated in a downstream component based on the encrypted data and the re-encryption value and to cause the encrypted data to be replaced in the memory by the updated encrypted data.

Production of polymers by means of controlled radical polymerisation

Method for producing polymers by means of controlled radical polymerisation, wherein the polymerisation of one or several radically polymerisable monomers of general formula (I), where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are H, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, R 4 is C(=O)OR 5 , C(=O)NHR 15 , C(=O)NR 5 R 6 , OC(=O)CH 3 , C(=O)OH, CN, aryl, hetaryl, C(=O)OR 5 OH, C(=O)OR 5 Si(OR 5 ) 3 , halogen, NHC(O)H, P(=O)(OR 7 ) 2 , R 5 is C 1 -C 20 alkyl, R 15 is C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, R 6 is C 1 -C 20 alkyl, and R 7 is H, C 1 -C 20 alkyl, occurs in the presence of a. one or several catalysts containing Cu in the form of Cu(0), Cu(l), Cu (II) or mixtures thereof, b. one or several initiators selected from the group of organic halogenides or pseudohalogenides, c. one or several ligands, d. optionally one or several solvents, and e. optionally one or several inorganic halogenide salts, said method consisting of the following steps i) addition of the catalyst a., ii) optional addition of monomers of general formula (I), iii) optional addition of solvent d., iv) addition of ligand c., v) addition of initiator b., vi) addition of monomers of general formula (I), and vii) optional addition of inorganic halogenide salts e., on the proviso that the addition of at least some of the monomers of general formula (I) occurs immediately before or shortly after the last of the steps i), iv) and v).

Valve for metering a fluid

Ein Ventil (1) zum Zumessen eines Fluids, das insbesondere als Brennstoffeinspritzventil für Brennkraftmaschinen dient, umfasst einen in einem Gehäuse (6) angeordneten elektromagnetischen Aktuator (2) und eine von einem Anker (4) des Aktuators (2) betätigbare Ventilnadel (8), die zum Betätigen eines Ventilschließkörpers (9) dient, der mit einer Ventilsitzfläche (10) zu einem Dichtsitz (26) zusammenwirkt. Hierbei ist der Anker (4) an der Ventilnadel (8) bewegbar geführt. Ein mit der Ventilnadel (8) verbundenes Anschlagelement (12) begrenzt im Zusammenhang mit einer Betätigung der Ventilnadel (8) eine Relativbewegung zwischen dem Anker (4) und der Ventilnadel (8). Das Anschlagelement (12) weist zumindest ein elastisch verformbares Teil (13) und ein Anschlagstück (14) auf, wobei das elastisch verformbare Teil (13) hülsenförmig ausgestaltet ist und wobei das Anschlagelement (12) so ausgestaltet ist, dass der Anker (4) bei der Begrenzung der Relativbewegung zwischen dem Anker (4) und der Ventilnadel (8) zunächst das elastisch verformbaren Teil (13) berührt und erst nach einer entsprechenden elastischen Verformung des elastisch verformbaren Teils (13) an dem Anschlagstück (14) anschlägt. A valve (1) for metering a fluid, which serves in particular as a fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines, comprises an electromagnetic actuator (2) arranged in a housing (6) and a valve needle (8) which can be actuated by an armature (4) of the actuator (2). for actuating a valve closing body (9) which cooperates with a valve seat surface (10) to form a sealing seat (26). Here, the armature (4) on the valve needle (8) is guided movably. A stop element (12) connected to the valve needle (8) limits a relative movement between the armature (4) and the valve needle (8) in connection with an actuation of the valve needle (8). The stop element (12) has at least one elastically deformable part (13) and a stop piece (14), wherein the elastically deformable part (13) is designed ...

Novel pyridin- and pyrimidin-derivatives

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and X are as defined in the description and claims, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds are useful for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases which are associated with DPP IV, such as diabetes, particularly non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, and impaired glucose tolerance.

Sampling rate adaptation method for digital signals by generating second signal using time-varying CIC filter

A first digital signal x(k) having a first sampling rate fin is converted into a second digital signal y(m) having a second sampling rate fout. The ratio L/M that the second sampling rate bears to the first sampling rate is rational. The second signal is generated using a time-varying cascaded integrator comb (CIC) filter, by calculating from the input signal x(y) any value of the second signal y(m) with a sampling rate reduced by L. An NI-adic differentiation of a first intermediate signal x asterisk (k) and a second intermediate signal y asterisk (m) is used to determine the second signal y(m). An Independent claim is included for a circuit for sampling rate adaptation.

Method for recognizing the loading of a particle filter

Ein Verfahren zur Erkennung der Beladung eines Partikelfilters (10), insbesondere eines Partikelfilters (10) zur Filterung der Abgase einer Brennkraftmaschine, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine den Strömungswiderstand des Partikelfilters (10) charakterisierende Größe, ausgehend von der Temperatur im Partikelfilter (10) und von dem Druck im Partikelfilter (10), bestimmt wird und aus dem Strömungswiderstand auf die Beladung des Partikelfilters (10) geschlossen wird. A method for detecting the loading of a particle filter (10), in particular a particle filter (10) for filtering the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, is characterized in that a variable characterizing the flow resistance of the particle filter (10), starting from the temperature in the particle filter (10) and is determined by the pressure in the particle filter (10) and the loading of the particle filter (10) is inferred from the flow resistance.

Method and apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine

Es werden eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Brennkraftmaschine beschrieben. Eine den Strömungswiderstand einer ersten Komponente (115) des Abgasnachbehandlungssystem charakterisierende erste Größe (W1) wird ausgehend von einer ersten Messgröße (DP1) und einer Volumenstromgröße (VS) bestimmt. Die Volumenstromgröße (VS) wird ausgehend von einer zweiten Größe (W2), die den Strömungswiderstand einer zweiten Komponente (120) des Abgassystem charakterisiert, bestimmt. An apparatus and a method for controlling an internal combustion engine are described. A first variable (W1) characterizing the flow resistance of a first component (115) of the exhaust aftertreatment system is determined on the basis of a first measured variable (DP1) and a volumetric flow variable (VS). The volume flow quantity (VS) is determined on the basis of a second variable (W2), which characterizes the flow resistance of a second component (120) of the exhaust system.

Instrument panel support for vehicle interior - uses extruded body with recesses for insertion of spring clips and hooks

The Instrument panel support for the interior of a vehicle consists of an extruded carrier body (2) which at its outer ends is held on fixed vehicle parts and provided with shaped areas (3, 6) and/or profiled sections (9, 10, 16). The profiled sections act as channels for the introduction of spring clips (14) at the top and hooks (16a) at the bottom to secure a functional part (15), for example a central console. ADVANTAGE - Instrument panel support easily adapted to meet a variety of functional requirements.

Acoustic surface wave component has strip structures of thin film metallisation system as finger electrodes with strip structures partly or fully encased by thin film based on tantalum or silicon

The device has strip structures of a thin film metallisation system as finger electrodes in which the strip structures are partly or fully encased by a thin film based on tantalum or silicon. The thin film metallisation system can consist of a copper thin film system. It can consist of 20-80 atom per cent tantalum, 15-20 atom per cent silicon and 0-60 atom per cent nitrogen. AN Independent claim is also included for the following: a method of manufacturing an inventive device.

Improvement method for possessing plane after polishing of substrate

(57)【要約】 【課題】 研磨により生ずるわん状変形が低減された表 面を生じさせる素子製造 【解決手段】 部分的に複雑な表面地形を被覆する第１ 層及び表面地形を被覆する第２層を形成し、その際、複 雑な地形の広幅空間中でのわん状変形を低減する程度 に、第２層は、第１層に比べて研磨耐性が高い。

Method for producing phyllanthus extracts

The invention relates to a method for extracting phyllanthus, whereby (a) phyllanthus constituents are extracted with an ethanol/water mixture of 5-85 % m/m, to which a heavy metal chelating agent in a concentration of 0.001-3 % m/m is added; (b) the primary extract obtained in step (a) is mixed and concentrated with (ba) indian sterculia gum in a final concentration of 0.5- 5.0 % mm, in relation to the sum of the extractive matter, or (bb) at least one polymer and substances which can form a suspension and/or are soluble; a nd (c) the concentrated extract obtained in step (b) is dried. The inventive method enables particularly high yields of pharmacologically active plant ingredients to be obtained and is thus of particular interest for therapeuti c uses. In a preferred form of embodiment, the inventive method comprises a st ep for filtering the primary extract. It is also preferable to add a lipoid during the extraction method. The phyllanthus is preferably phyllanthus amarus. The invention further relates to pharmaceuticals containing extracts obtained by means of the inventive method.

Industrial blender

Die Erfindung betrifft eine industrielle Mischmaschine 1 zum Mischen von Mischgut in anschlussseitig offenen, sich zumindest in einem Merkmal ihrer Auslegung unterscheidenden Mischcontainern, wobei jeweils ein Mischcontainer zum Mischen des darin enthaltenen Mischgutes an den Mischkopf der Mischmaschine anschließbar ist und wobei zumindest zwei sich zumindest in einem Merkmal ihrer Auslegung unterscheidende Mischwerkzeuge 13, 13.1 an einem Mischkopf 7 der Mischmaschine 1 montierbar sind. Die Mischmaschine 1 weist- eine Erkennungsvorrichtung, die dazu eingerichtet ist zu ermitteln, ob das an dem Mischkopf 7 derzeitig montierte Mischwerkzeug 13, 13.1 zu dem an den Mischkopf anzuschließenden Mischcontainer, in dem sich das zu mischende Mischgut befindet, passt, und- eine mit der Erkennungsvorrichtung in Kommunikation stehende Sicherheitseinrichtung, die verhindert, dass das Mischwerkzeug 13, 13.1 und die Mischcontaineröffnung zueinander gebracht werden, wenn durch die Erkennungsvorrichtung erkannt ist, dass das an dem Mischkopf 7 montierte Mischwerkzeug 13, 13.1 nicht zu dem Mischcontainer passt, auf.

Process for the production of polymers by using coupling reactions

The present invention relates to a continuous process for the production of polymeric coupling products by using a reactor assembly which is equipped with two or more reaction cells. The educt fluid is pumped through the reaction cells and thoroughly mixed therein by means of agitators. Preferably the process according to the invention is used for the preparation of coupling products which show at least partially precipitation and/or gelation effects during the performance of the synthesis. The precipitation and/or gelation effects are associated with and increase of the viscosity of the reaction system under reaction conditions. The products which are obtained by the process according to the invention have increased molecular weight and low polydispersity over similar products which were obtained in batch experiments.

Network For Supplying An Operating Voltage For An Electric Vehicle, Electric Vehicle And Method For Supplying An Operating Voltage

A network of an electric vehicle has an energy supply interface, an inverter, an energization interface and a soft starter. The inverter has a first inverter connection configured to connect the inverter to the energy supply interface and a second inverter connection configured to connect the inverter to the energization interface and the soft starter. The inverter is configured to convert a DC voltage applied to the first inverter connection to an AC voltage and to supply same at the second inverter connection. The soft starter is configured to reduce an input voltage applied to the first soft starter connection and to supply the operating voltage, which is reduced compared to the input voltage, at the second soft starter connection.

TRANSPORT CONTAINER FOR LIQUID / GAS TESTS.

Novel pyridin- and pyrimidin-derivatives

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and X are as defined in the description and claims, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds are useful for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases which are associated with DPP IV, such as diabetes, particularly non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, and impaired glucose tolerance.

Photochemical internalization of sirna

The present invention relates to a method for introducing an siRNA molecule into the cytosol of a cell, said method comprising i) contacting said cell with an siRNA molecule, a carrier and a photosensiting agent, and ii) irradiating the cell with light of a wavelength effective to activate the photosensitising agent, wherein said carrier comprises a cationic polyamine such as a lipopolyamine in a non-liposomal formulation, polyethyleneimine (PEI), a betacyclodextrin amine polymer, an amine group containing dendrimer, and a cationic peptide. Cells or a population of cells obtainable by the method, a composition containing an siRNA molecule and the carrier molecule, kits and therapeutic uses of the above are also provided.

Special extract and use thereof for inhibiting the degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cgmp)

Disclosed is a method for producing an extract from a plant that is part of the Turneraceae family. Said method comprises the following steps: plant parts are extracted by means of an extracting agent containing water and an organic solvent selected from among methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, acetone, and mixtures thereof; the extract is concentrated into a thick extract; lipophilic substances are concentrated into a concentrate. The obtained extract is thus particularly suitable for producing a preparation, especially a medicament for the treatment of erectile dysfunctions, in particular erectile dysfunctions caused by organ-selective cGMP deficiency.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR OPERATING AN EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT PLANT OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

A process for the removal of undersired toxic alkaloids from plants or from vegetable preparations

The invention relates to a method for removing undesirable toxic alkaloids, including the precursors and derivative products of said compounds, from plants or vegetable preparations. Said method is characterized in that: in a first step the plant or vegetable preparation containing the above undesirable compounds is brought into contact or mixed with a lipophilic phase which is such that the undesirable compounds to be removed dissolve in or are absorbed by said lipophilic phase and concentrate therein quantitatively or substantially quantitatively; in a second step the lipophilic phase, which now contains the undesirable compounds, is separated from the plant or vegetable preparation concerned; and in a third step the plant or vegetable preparation purified in this manner is recovered.

Deposition of carbon into nitride layer for improved selectivity of oxide to nitride etchrate for self aligned contact etching

A method for forming a Self Aligned Contact in a semiconductor device includes incorporating carbon into a nitride layer during or following the formation of the nitride layer on a semiconductor substrate.

Process and plant for removing carbon dioxide from synthesis gas

The present invention relates to a process for removing carbon dioxide from synthesis gas using a hygroscopic, physical absorption medium. The process comprises the steps where the absorption medium and the synthesis gas are cooled; water is at least partially removed from the synthesis gas by condensation; carbon dioxide is removed from the cooled synthesis gas via the cooled absorption medium in a physical absorption step at elevated pressure; laden absorption medium is treated in a plurality of serially arranged flash stages, wherein co-absorbed carbon monoxide and hydrogen are removed from the laden absorption medium in at least one first flash stage, and carbon dioxide is removed from the laden absorption medium in a flash stage arranged downstream of the first flash stage. The process features a high rate of separated carbon dioxide and a pure and dry (anhydrous) carbon dioxide product. The invention further relates to a plant for performing the process.

Valve device and electrochemical system

To provide a valve device by means of which both a positive pressure and a negative pressure in an interior of a container can be equalised and which is as simple as possible to produce, the invention proposes that the valve device comprises an adapter element, a first valve element, a second valve element, a first membrane and/or a second membrane, wherein the first valve element blocks a fluid inlet opening of the adapter element in a closed state, and in an open state releases the fluid inlet opening so that fluid can flow from surroundings of the valve device into an interior of the container, and wherein the second valve element blocks a fluid outlet opening of the adapter element in a closed state, and in an open state releases the fluid outlet opening so that fluid can flow out of the interior of the container into the surroundings of the valve device.

Use of an environmentally-friendly spread granulate

Means and methods for producing amide compounds with less acrylic acid

The present invention relates to means and methods for producing an amide compound from a nitrile compound with less acrylic acid as by-product using a Nitrile hydratase (NHase) and Amidase producing microorganism as biocatalyst. Also provided is an aqueous amide compound obtained by the methods of the invention as well as a composition comprising acrylamide or polyacrylamide as well as a dried microorganism exhibiting a NHase/Amidase activity ratio of at least 400 when being brought into contact with a nitrile compound to convert said nitrile compound into an amide compound.

Star connection

Elektrische Schaltung mit einer Mehrzahl primärer Wicklungen, insbesondere einer ersten primären Wicklung, einer zweiten primären Wicklung und einer dritten primären Wicklung, welche in einem ersten Sternpunkt miteinander verbindbar sind, mit einer Mehrzahl sekundärer Wicklungen und mit mehreren Schaltern, wobei jeweils eine primäre Wicklung mit einer sekundären Wicklung in Reihe schaltbar ist oder in Reihe geschalteten ist, derart dass je eine primäre Wicklung und eine zugehörige sekundäre Wicklung eine Reihenschaltung bilden, wobei die Mehrzahl der Reihenschaltungen in einem zweiten Sternpunkt miteinander verbindbar sind, wobei mittels der Schalter ein erster Zustand einstellbar ist, in welchem die primären Wicklungen in dem ersten Sternpunkt verbunden sind und ein zweiter Zustand einstellbar ist, in welchem die Mehrzahl der Reihenschaltungen in dem zweiten Sternpunkt verbunden sind. Electrical circuit with a plurality of primary windings, in particular a first primary winding, a second primary winding and a third primary winding, which can be connected to one another in a first star point, with a plurality of secondary windings and with several switches, one primary winding with one secondary winding can be connected in series or is connected in series such that a primary winding and an associated secondary winding each form a series circuit, the plurality of series circuits being connectable to one another in a second star point, a first state being adjustable by means of the switch, in which the primary windings are connected in the first star point and a second state can be set in which the majority of the series connections are connected in the second star point.

Process for producing aqueous polyacrylic acid solutions

The invention relates to a method for producing aqueous solutions of homo or copolymers of acrylic acid by means of radical polymerization of acrylic acid and optional water-soluble, monoethylene unsaturated comonomers in an aqueous medium in the presence of at least one water-soluble initiator and at least one water-soluble regulator, wherein the polymerization is performed by means of a continuous process, and wherein low-molecular components are at least partially separated out of the aqueous polymer solution obtained after polymerization. Microstructured mixers and reactors are preferably used for the polymerization. At least one reactor and/or mixer having microstructures are preferably used for the process.