Aircraft door control

An aircraft door controller 100 has a receiver 110 which can receive a command 14 to move an aircraft door relative to a door frame, the controller does not store the command when power to move the door is unavailable; such as during ground maintenance, to prevent unexpected opening of the door when power is restored. The power may be hydraulic or electrical and the command may be an electrical signal, which is not latched in memory latch. Preferably, the door controller is part of a door control system 1 having a user control 12 for generating the command. The user control may be a button biased away from a position which would cause generation of the command, still operable, but unresponsive, when power is unavailable; alternatively a lever or a virtual touch screen button may be used. A second user control may be provided; both controls to be operated simultaneously for the command to be generated by the first control, for example. A detector may be provided to detect the door position ...

Landing gear assembly

A retractable fuselage mounted landing gear assembly comprising a drag stay 20 and a landing gear main fitting 26 both attached to a main strut 16 at first ends and connected to the fuselage at second ends. When the landing gear assembly is extended relative to the fuselage, substantially all the landing gear loads are transferred from the landing gear to the fuselage via one or more of the drag stay and the main fitting. Preferably the landing gear main fitting is hinged to pivot about a landing gear axis 50 inclined to longitudinal and lateral aircraft axes. The drag stay may be connected to the wing box, wing rib, or fuselage at a point aft of the wing rear spar and outboard of the fuselage airframe. The drag stay may be folding or telescopic. Preferably the main strut is rotated forward and inboard as the landing gear is retracted.

Metal ferrite spinel energy storage devices and methods for making and using same

Metal ferrite spinel energy storage devices and methods for making and using same

Systems and methods for an integrated solar driven chemical plant

A method, apparatus, and system for an integrated solar- driven chemical plant that manages variations in solar energy are disclosed. In some embodiments, a chemical reactant, including particles of biomass, are converted in a solar driven chemical reactor into synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen using concentrated solar energy to drive the conversion of the chemical reactant. The synthesis gas is supplied for a catalytic conversion of the synthesis gas in a methanol synthesis plant to methanol. Cycling occurs between an operational state and an idle state for a number of methanol trains in the methanol synthesis plant depending upon an amount of synthesis gas generated in the solar driven chemical reactor. A control system for the chemical reactor sends control signals to and receives feedback from a control system for the methanol synthesis plant.

Systems and methods for biomass gasifier reactor and receiver configuration

A method, apparatus, and system for solar-driven chemical plant may include a solar thermal receiver to absorb concentrated solar energy from an array of heliostats. Additionally, some embodiments may include a solar driven chemical reactor that has multiple reactor tubes. The concentrated solar energy drives the endothermic gasification reaction of the particles of biomass flowing through the reactor tubes. Some embodiments may also include an on-site fuel synthesis reactor that is geographically located on the same site as the chemical reactor and integrated to receive the hydrogen and carbon monoxide products from the gasification reaction.

Steering Device for an aircraft

A steering device 20 for an aircraft landing gear (2,3 fig 1) includes a main fitting 14 having a steering collar 16 which is rotatably mounted on its outside. Actuators 40,50 each have an actuator body 42,52 and an actuator arm 43,53 arranged to move between an extended position and a retracted position with respect to the actuator body. Each actuator arm is pivoted to the main fitting. The actuator bodies have flanges 45,55 that are pivotally connected to upper and lower plates 60,30. The lower plate 30 is pivotally connected to a distal end of a steering arm 26. The steering arm is pivoted at its other end 27 to the steering collar.

Systems and methods for reactor chemistry and control

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant that manages variations in solar energy are disclosed. Some embodiments include a solar thermal receiver to absorb concentrated solar energy, a solar driven chemical reactor contained within the solar thermal receiver, and an entrained gas biomass feed system that uses an entrainment carrier gas and supplies a variety of biomass sources fed as particles into the solar driven chemical reactor. Inner walls of the solar thermal receiver and the chemical reactor can be made from materials selected to transfer energy. Some embodiments include a control system that may be configured to balance the gasification reaction of biomass particles with the available concentrated solar energy and additional variable parameters including, but not limited to, a fixed range of particle sizes, temperature of the chemical reactor, and residence time of the particles in a reaction zone in the chemical reactor.

Systems and methods for solar-thermal gasification of biomass

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant that may include a solar thermal receiver having a cavity with an inner wall, where the solar thermal receiver is aligned to absorb concentrated solar energy from one or more of 1 ) an array of heliostats, 2) solar concentrating dishes, and 3) any combination of the two. Some embodiments may include a solar-driven chemical reactor having multiple reactor tubes located inside the cavity of solar thermal receiver, wherein a chemical reaction driven by radiant heat occurs in the multiple reactor tubes, and wherein particles of biomass are gasified in the presence of a steam (H2O) carrier gas and methane (CH4) in a simultaneous steam reformation and steam biomass gasification reaction to produce reaction products that include hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas using the solar thermal energy from the absorbed concentrated solar energy in the multiple reactor tubes.

Systems and methods for quenching, gas clean up, and ash removal

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant are disclosed. An embodiment may include a solar thermal receiver aligned to absorb concentrated solar energy from one or more solar energy concentrating fields. A solar driven chemical reactor may include multiple reactor tubes located inside the solar thermal receiver. The multiple reactor tubes can be used to gasify particles of biomass in the presence of a carrier gas. The gasification reaction may produce reaction products that include hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas having an exit temperature from the tubes exceeding 1000 degrees C. An embodiment can include a quench zone immediately downstream of an exit of the chemical reactor. The quench zone may immediately quench via rapid cooling of at least the hydrogen and carbon monoxide reaction products within 0.1 -10 seconds of exiting the chemical reactor to a temperature of 800 degrees C or less.

Systems and methods for biomass grinding and feeding

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven biorefinery that may include a entrained-flow biomass feed system that is feedstock flexible via particle size control of the biomass. Some embodiments include a chemical reactor that receives concentrated solar thermal energy from an array of heliostats. The entrained-flow biomass feed system can use an entrainment carrier gas and supplies a variety of biomass sources fed as particles into the solar- driven chemical reactor. Biomass sources in a raw state or partially torrified state may be used, as long as parameters such as particle size of the biomass are controlled. Additionally, concentrated solar thermal energy can drive gasification of the particles. An on-site fuel synthesis reactor may receive the hydrogen and carbon monoxide products from the gasification reaction use the hydrogen and carbon monoxide products in a hydrocarbon fuel synthesis process to create a liquid hydrocarbon fuel.

Rapid solar-thermal conversion of biomass to syngas

Systems and methods for an indirect radiation driven gasifier reactor and receiver configuration

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant are disclosed. Some embodiments may include a solar thermal receiver to absorb concentrated solar energy from an array of heliostats and a solar-driven chemical reactor. This chemical reactor may have multiple reactor tubes, in which particles of biomass may be gasified in the presence of a carrier gas in a gasification reaction to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide products. High heat transfer rates of the walls and tubes may allow the particles of biomass to achieve a high enough temperature necessary for substantial tar destruction and complete gasification of greater than 90 percent of the biomass particles into reaction products including hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas in a very short residence time between a range of 0.01 and 5 seconds.

Rapid solar-thermal conversion of biomass to syngas

The invention relates to methods for carrying out high temperature reactions such as biomass pyrolysis or gasification using solar energy. The biomass particles are rapidly heated in a solar thermal entrainment reactor. The residence time of the particles in the reactor can be 5 seconds or less. The biomass particles may be directly or indirectly heated depending on the reactor design. Metal oxide particles can be fed into the reactor concurrently with the biomass particles, allowing carbothermic reduction of the metal oxide particles by biomass pyrolysis products. The reduced metal oxide particles can be reacted with steam to produce hydrogen in a subsequent process step.

Transit system vehicle guideway constructed from modular elements and using magnetic levitation for suspension and propulsion of vehicles

The networked guideway transit system uses materials and methods of constructing guideway elements. The materials and methods are designed to reduce the static weight, cost and physical size of the guideway structure. Installation cost is also significantly reduced by the modular nature of the guideway components, which can be manufactured in a controlled factory environment using mass productionmethods. As a result, the supporting structure of the guideway can be quickly erected and the modular blocks inserted with simple equipment. In addition, complex alignment procedures are not required.In particular, the guideway component includes motor coils having the shapes and configurations that facilitate the easy insertion of the guideway component without the need for interleaving coils inadjacent guideway components and without creating dead spots in the magnetic fields between guideway components.

VARIOUS METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR AN ULTRA-HIGH HEAT FLUX CHEMICAL REACTOR

Various processes and apparatus are discussed for an ultra-high heat flux chemical reactor. A thermal receiver and the reactor tubes are aligned to 1) absorb and re-emit radiant energy, 2) highly reflect radiant energy, and 3) any combination of these, to maintain an operational temperature of the enclosed ultra-high heat flux chemical reactor. Particles of biomass are gasified in the presence of a steam carrier gas and methane in a simultaneous steam reformation and steam biomass gasification reaction to produce reaction products that include hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas using the ultra-high heat flux thermal energy radiated from the inner wall and then into the multiple reactor tubes. The multiple reactor tubes and cavity walls of the receiver transfer energy primarily by radiation absorption and re-radiation, rather than by convection or conduction, to the reactants in the chemical reaction to drive the endothermic chemical reaction flowing in the reactor tubes. 1. An ultra-high heat flux chemical reactor , comprising:a thermal receiver having a cavity with an inner wall, where the thermal receiver is aligned to 1) absorb and re-emit radiant energy, 2) highly reflect radiant energy, and 3) any combination of these, to maintain an operational temperature of the enclosed ultra-high heat flux chemical reactor; andwhere the high heat flux chemical reactor has multiple reactor tubes located inside the cavity of the thermal receiver, wherein a chemical reaction driven by radiant heat occurs within the multiple reactor tubes, and wherein particles of biomass are gasified in the presence of a steam (H2O) carrier gas and methane (CH4) in a simultaneous steam reformation and steam biomass gasification reaction to produce reaction products that include hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas using the ultra-high heat flux thermal energy radiated from the inner wall and then into the multiple reactor tubes, where the operational temperature of the high heat flux driven chemical ...

VARIOUS METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR A RADIANT-HEAT DRIVEN CHEMICAL REACTOR

Heat-transfer-aid particles entrained with 1) biomass particles, 2) reactant gas, or 3) both are fed into the radiant heat chemical reactor. The inner wall of a cavity and the tubes of the chemical reactor act as radiation distributors by either absorbing radiation and re-radiating it to the heat-transfer-aid particles or reflecting the incident radiation to the heat-transfer-aid particles. The radiation is absorbed by the heat-transfer-aid particles, and the heat is then transferred by conduction to the reacting gas at temperatures between 900° C. and 1600° C. The heat-transfer-aid particles mix with the reactant gas in the radiant heat chemical reactor to sustain the reaction temperature and heat transfer rate to stay within a pyrolysis regime. The heat-transfer-aid particles produce a sufficient heat surface-area to mass ratio of these particles when dispersed with the reactant gas to stay within the pyrolysis regime during the chemical reaction. 1. An apparatus , comprising:{'sub': 3', '3', '2', '6', '2', '4, 'a radiant heat chemical reactor that has multiple reactor tubes located inside the cavity of a thermal receiver, where a chemical reaction driven by radiant heat occurs within the radiant heat chemical reactor, wherein the chemical reaction is an endothermic reaction including one or more of biomass gasification (CnHm+H2O→CO+H2+H2O+X), steam methane reforming (CH4+H2O→CO+3H2), and steam methane cracking to produce ethane (H2O+CH+CH→CH+H2O); steam methane cracking to produce ethylene (CH4+H2O→CH), steam methane cracking to produce hydrogen and carbon black (CH4->2 H2+C); steam ethane cracking to produce ethylene, to be conducted in the radiant heat chemical reactor using the radiant heat;'}one or more feed lines to add heat-transfer-aid particles entrained with 1) biomass particles, 2) reactant gas, or 3) both into the radiant heat chemical reactor, wherein an indirect radiation driven geometry of the radiant heat chemical reactor uses radiation as a ...

POWER SUPPLY WITH RECTIFIER PROTECTION

An apparatus for driving speakers includes user-configurable amplifier cells for driving selected speakers, a synchronous rectifier circuit, and a control system. Each cell connects between power rails. The rectifier circuit provides current on the rails for consumption by the cells. The current depends on the configuration. The control system implements a model of the rectifier circuit and cells and uses it to control an audio input signal in response to information concerning electrical outputs of the amplifier cells. This indirectly limits current drawn from the synchronous rectifier circuit. 1. An apparatus for driving speakers , said apparatus comprising:amplifier cells, each of the cells being connected between a first and second power rail, the amplifier cells being user-configurable for driving selected speakers;a synchronous rectifier circuit for providing current on the power rails for consumption by all the amplifier cells, said current being dependent on a user-defined configuration of said amplifier cells relative to said speakers; anda control system for implementing a model of said synchronous rectifier circuit and said amplifier cells, said control system being configured to control an audio input signal in response to information concerning electrical outputs of the amplifier cells, thereby limiting current drawn from the synchronous rectifier circuit.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the control system comprises a feedback control system having a first feedback loop associated with electrical power processed by said synchronous rectifier circuit claim 1 , and a second feedback loop associated with controlling a temperature of the synchronous rectifier circuit.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the model comprisesa thermal model for estimating a temperature based on an estimate of dissipated by said rectifier circuit.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein said model further comprisesa temperature controller for receiving a difference between ...

Solar tracking system using peridic scan patterns with a shielding tube

A solar tracking system and method that use a shielding tube that admits solar radiation and has an absorptive inner surface for absorbing the solar radiation that is incident on it. The system has a photodetector for generating a signal related to an intensity of solar radiation at a distal end of the shielding tube and a scan unit for periodically executing a certain scan pattern in an elevation angle El and in an azimuth angle Az of the shielding tube. A processing unit in communication with the photodetector determines an on-sun orientation of the shielding tube based on a convolution of the signal obtained while executing the scan pattern with a trained convolution kernel. The on-sun orientation thus found can be used to update the orientation of one or more solar surfaces, e.g., reflective or photovoltaic surfaces.

Lift System With Follower System

A hydraulic lifting apparatus includes a main hydraulic cylinder and main hydraulic circuit operatively connected to the main hydraulic cylinder. First and second spaced apart follower hydraulic cylinders are also provided. A hydraulic lifting system includes first and second lift towers. Each lift tower includes a main hydraulic cylinder, a main hydraulic circuit, and at least one follower hydraulic cylinder. A follower hydraulic circuit is operatively connected to the at least one follower hydraulic cylinder. A lifting beam spans between the first and second lift towers. The main hydraulic cylinder of each tower is positioned along the beam axis. 1. A hydraulic lifting apparatus comprising:a main hydraulic cylinder movable between an extended position and a retracted position;a main hydraulic circuit operatively connected to the main hydraulic cylinder; andfirst and second spaced apart follower hydraulic cylinders, each being movable between an extended position and a retracted position.2. The hydraulic lifting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first and second follower hydraulic cylinders are positioned on opposite sides of the main hydraulic cylinder.3. The hydraulic lifting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the main hydraulic cylinder and the first and second follower hydraulic cylinders support a header beam.4. The hydraulic lifting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the main hydraulic cylinder and the first and second follower hydraulic cylinders are positioned on a common base.5. The hydraulic lifting apparatus of claim 1 , further including a follower hydraulic circuit operatively connected to the follower hydraulic cylinders claim 1 , the follower hydraulic circuit being separate from the main hydraulic circuit.6. The hydraulic lifting apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the main hydraulic circuit includes a main hydraulic pump and the follower hydraulic circuit includes a follower hydraulic pump.7. The hydraulic lifting apparatus of claim 6 , wherein ...

LANDING GEAR ASSEMBLY

A retractable fuselage mounted landing gear assembly is disclosed. The landing gear assembly includes a main strut, a drag stay and a landing gear main fitting. A first end of the drag stay is attached to the main strut and a second end of the drag stay is connected to the fuselage. A first end of the landing main fitting is attached to the main strut and a second end of the main fitting is connected to the fuselage. When the landing gear is extended, substantially all the landing gear loads are transferred from the landing gear to the fuselage via one or more of the drag stay and the main fitting. 2. An aircraft according to claim 1 , the aircraft comprising a wing having a rear spar and the fuselage comprising a fuselage airframe claim 1 , and wherein the main strut is located aft of the rear spar and/or outboard of the fuselage airframe when the landing gear is in the extended configuration.3. An aircraft according to claim 1 , the fuselage comprising a fuselage airframe and a wheel assembly mounted to a distal end of the main strut and wherein at least part of the wheel assembly is received within a recess formed in the fuselage airframe when the landing gear assembly is in a retracted configuration relative to the fuselage.4. An aircraft according to claim 1 , the landing gear main fitting being pivotally connected to the fuselage for rotation about a landing gear axis such that the main strut can be rotated between an extended position and a retracted position relative to the fuselage and wherein the landing gear axis is inclined with respect to both a longitudinal axis and a lateral axis of the aircraft.5. An aircraft according to claim 4 , wherein the inclination of the landing gear axis causes a distal end of the main strut to move inboard claim 4 , forward and upward as the main strut moves from the extended position towards the retracted position.6. An aircraft according to claim 4 , wherein the landing gear axis is inclined an angle of approximately 45 ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR AN INDIRECT RADIATION DRIVEN GASIFIER REACTOR AND RECEIVER CONFIGURATION

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant are disclosed. Some embodiments may include a solar thermal receiver to absorb concentrated solar energy from an array of heliostats and a solar-driven chemical reactor. This chemical reactor may have multiple reactor tubes, in which particles of biomass may be gasified in the presence of a carrier gas in a gasification reaction to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide products. High heat transfer rates of the walls and tubes may allow the particles of biomass to achieve a high enough temperature necessary for substantial tar destruction and complete gasification of greater than 90 percent of the biomass particles into reaction products including hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas in a very short residence time between a range of 0.01 and 5 seconds. 117-. (canceled)18. An apparatus , comprising:a thermal receiver having inner walls that form a cavity space inside the thermal receiver;a chemical reactor that has one or more reactor tubes located inside the cavity space of the thermal receiver, where in the one or more reactor tubes a chemical reaction driven by radiant heat is configured to occur, wherein the chemical reaction includes one or more of biomass gasification, steam methane reforming, methane cracking, steam methane cracking to produce ethylene, metals refining, and CO2 or H2O splitting to be conducted in this chemical reactor using the radiant heat;a source of inert particles that are inert to the chemical reaction that includes one or more of biomass gasification, steam methane reforming, methane cracking, steam methane cracking to produce ethylene, metals refining, and CO2 or H2O splitting to be conducted in this chemical reactor using the radiant heat, where the source of inert particles couples to the one or more feed lines to add the inert particles to the chemical reactor;one or more feed lines coupled to the chemical reactor to add the inert particles for radiation absorption and re- ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SERIAL FLOW EMULSION PROCESSES

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for serial flow emulsion processes. Systems and methods as described herein result in reduced cross-contamination. 1. A system comprising a detector for detecting one or more characteristics of single partitions in a plurality of partitions , wherein the partitions comprise a first fluid and are dispersed in a second fluid , and flow through an interrogation region of a conduit comprising(i) a conduit configured to flow the partitions within the conduit in single file, comprising an interrogation region wherein the one or more characteristics of the partitions is detected, wherein the interrogation region has a cross-sectional area in a plane substantially normal to the direction of flow of the partitions that is less than 80% of the average spherical cross-sectional area of the partitions; and(ii) a detection element for detecting electromagnetic radiation emitted by at least one component of the partitions in the interrogation region, if present.2. The system of wherein the interrogation region has a cross-sectional area of 10-100 claim 1 ,000 um.3. The system of further comprising(iii) an optical restriction configured and positioned between the interrogation region and the detection element so that the amount of the electromagnetic radiation incident on the detection element is reduced to less than 50% of the electromagnetic radiation that would be incident on the detection element in the absence of the optical restriction.4. The system of further comprising an excitation source for supplying electromagnetic radiation to the interrogation region claim 1 , wherein the system is configured for lock-in amplification.5. The system of wherein the interrogation region comprises a wall wherein the transmittance of electromagnetic radiation in the range of wavelengths emitted by at least one component of the partition is the same or substantially the same around the circumference of the interrogation region.6. The system of ...

MODULAR ELECTRIC GENERATOR FOR VARIABLE SPEED TURBINES

An electric power generation system may be constructed of multiple similar generator modules arranged between a rotor and a stator. The rotor may be coupled to and/or integrated with a turbine that is configured to rotate in the presence of a fluid stream such as wind or water. Each generator module may have a rotor portion configured to generate a magnetic field having at least one characteristic that changes with respect to the rotational speed of the rotor. Each generator module may further have a stator portion configured to generate an alternating electric current responsive to the magnetic field. The generated electric current may be controlled by the stator portion of the generator module in order to magnetically control the rotational speed of the rotor and the turbine. Separation between the rotor and stator portions of the generator module may be magnetically maintained. 1. An electric power generation system , comprising:a turbine configured at least to rotate in a fluid flow, the fluid flow having a varying flow rate, a rotational speed of the turbine based at least in part on the flow rate of the fluid flow;a rotor frame connectively coupled at least to the turbine such that the rotor frame rotates around an axis of rotation with a rotational speed corresponding to the rotational speed of the turbine;a plurality of rotor modules connectively coupled at least to the rotor frame and arranged in one or more rings of rotor modules distributed axially or radially with respect to the axis of rotation, the plurality of rotor modules collectively configured at least to generate a magnetic field having at least one characteristic based at least in part on the rotational speed of the rotor frame; anda plurality of stator modules magnetically coupled to the plurality of rotor modules and arranged in one or more rings of stator modules corresponding to the one or more rings of rotor modules, each stator module incorporating at least one generating coil configured ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SERIAL FLOW EMULSION PROCESSES

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for serial flow emulsion processes. Systems and methods as described herein result in reduced cross-contamination. 1. A system for producing a serial flow emulsion comprising(i) an intake system to sequentially transport a plurality of separate samples or portions of samples from a series of sample containers;(ii) a process system, wherein the process system comprises a partitioner to generate a plurality of partitions in a continuous phase from each of the samples; and(iii) an injector positioned between the intake system and the process system, wherein the injector is configured to be in fluid communication with the intake system, or to be in fluid communication with the process system, but not both simultaneously.2. The system of further comprising a reactor fluidly connected to the partitioner to initiate or modulate one or more reactions in one or more of the partitions.3. The system of wherein the reactor comprises a conduit fluidly connected to the partitioner through which partitions flow claim 2 , wherein the reactor comprises at least two different thermal zones claim 2 , and wherein the conduit repeatedly contacts the at least two different thermal zones.4. The system of further comprising a detector fluidly connected to the reactor to detect a characteristic of one or more of the partitions.5. The system of wherein the detector comprises at least one of(a) an optical restriction that limits the amount of electromagnetic radiation that reaches a detection element in the detector from an interrogation region in the detector where partitions are detected to less than 10% of the electromagnetic radiation that would reach the detection element without the optical restriction;(b) an interrogation region comprising a conduit wherein partitions flow in single file through the conduit, and wherein the cross-sectional area of the conduit is less than 90% of the average spherical cross-sectional area of the partitions;(c) an ...

MULTI-BAND HARMONIC DISCRIMINATION FOR FEEDBACK SUPRESSION

A method and audio signal processor for detecting feedback in an electrical amplification system divides a frequency spectrum into a plurality of frequency bands, classifies a tone present in an incoming audio signal into one of the plurality of frequency bands based on a frequency of the tone, selects a threshold value based on the frequency band into which the tone is classified, and disqualifies the tone from potentially being feedback if an amplitude of the tone is greater than an amplitude of a harmonic of the tone by less than the threshold value. The tone is deemed to be potentially feedback if the amplitude of the tone is greater than an amplitude of a plurality of harmonics of the tone by at least the threshold value. 1. A method for detecting feedback in an electrical amplification system , the method comprising:dividing a frequency spectrum into a plurality of frequency bands;classifying a tone present in an incoming audio signal into one of the plurality of frequency bands based on a frequency of the tone;selecting a threshold value based on the frequency band into which the tone is classified; anddisqualifying the tone from potentially being feedback if an amplitude of the tone is greater than amplitude of a harmonic of the tone by less than the threshold value.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining that the tone is potentially feedback if the amplitude of the tone is greater than an amplitude of a plurality of harmonics of the tone by at least the threshold value.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising requiring a number of determinations of the tone as potential feedback to reach a pre-established count before declaring the tone to be feedback.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the pre-established count is determined by the frequency band into which the tone is classified.5. The method of claim 2 , further comprising attenuating the amplitude of the tone after the tone is declared to be feedback by applying a filter with a ...

DROPPABLE KEYBOARD AND MOUSE PLATFORM

A desktop includes a first portion, a second portion, and a linkage assembly attached to the first and second portions. The first desktop portion has a first, substantially planar, upper surface, and an edge. The second desktop portion has a second, substantially planar, upper surface, a proximal edge, and a distal edge. The linkage assembly is configured such that the second desktop portion is movable between a first configuration and a second configuration. At the first configuration, the second desktop portion is substantially coplanar with the first desktop portion, and the proximal edge of the second desktop portion is adjacent the edge of the first desktop portion. At the second configuration, the proximal edge of the second desktop portion is beneath the edge of the first desktop portion, and the second desktop portion is not coplanar with the first desktop portion and is not parallel to the first desktop portion. 1. A desk , comprising:a first desktop portion defining a first surface, wherein the first surface is substantially planar;a second desktop portion defining a second surface, wherein the second surface is substantially planar; anda bistable linkage assembly coupling the first desktop portion to the second desktop portion,wherein the bistable linkage assembly is configured to transition through a range of motion between a first stable configuration and a second stable configuration,wherein in the first stable configuration the second surface is substantially parallel with the first surface, andwherein in the second stable configuration the second surface is at an oblique angle with respect to the first surface.2. The desk of claim 1 , wherein the bistable linkage assembly is configured to transition from the first stable configuration to the second stable configuration by initially moving the second desktop portion upwardly and horizontally away from the first desktop portion and subsequently moving the second desktop portion downwardly and ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SERIAL FLOW EMULSION PROCESSES

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for serial flow emulsion processes. Systems and methods as described herein result in reduced cross-contamination. 1. An apparatus comprising an intake system , an injector , and a process system , wherein the injector comprises(i) a first injector conduit, wherein the injector can be in a first configuration providing a fluid communication between the first injector conduit and the intake system or in a second configuration providing a fluid communication between the first injector conduit and the process system, but not both at the same time; and(ii) a first intake conduit configured to be fluidly connected to a first component of the intake system comprising a source of a first fluid to be entered into the first injector conduit, and to the first injector conduit, when the injector is in the first configuration;(iii) a second intake conduit configured to be fluidly connected to a second component of the intake system and to the first injector conduit when the injector is in the first configuration;(iv) a first process conduit configured to be fluidly connected to a first component of the process system comprising a source of a second fluid, wherein the first and second fluids are substantially immiscible, and to the first injector conduit when the injector is in the second configuration;(v) a second process conduit configured to be fluidly connected from the first injector conduit to a partitioner, when the injector is in the second configuration.2. The apparatus of wherein the partitioner comprises a first partitioner inlet fluidly connected to the second process conduit and a second partitioner inlet fluidly connected to a source of a third fluid substantially immiscible with the first fluid.3. The apparatus of wherein the partitioner is configured to produce a mixture comprising a plurality of partitions of the first fluid in the third fluid claim 2 , and to flow the mixture out an outlet of the partitioner.4. The ...

Systems and methods for serial flow emulsion processes

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for serial flow emulsion processes. Systems and methods as described herein result in reduced cross-contamination.

VARIOUS METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR MULTI-STAGE SYNTHESIS GAS GENERATION

A multiple stage synthesis gas generation system is disclosed including a high radiant heat flux reactor, a gasifier reactor control system, and a Steam Methane Reformer (SMR) reactor. The SMR reactor is in parallel and cooperates with the high radiant heat flux reactor to produce a high quality syngas mixture for MeOH synthesis. The resultant products from the two reactors may be used for the MeOH synthesis. The SMR provides hydrogen rich syngas to be mixed with the potentially carbon monoxide rich syngas from the high radiant heat flux reactor. The combination of syngas component streams from the two reactors can provide the required hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio for methanol synthesis. The SMR reactor control system and a gasifier reactor control system interact to produce a high quality syngas mixture for the MeOH synthesis. 1. A multiple stage synthesis gas generation system , comprising:a high-radiant heat-flux reactor configured to receive biomass particles that undergo a biomass gasification reaction in the reactor at greater than 950 degrees C., via primarily due to a radiant heat emitted from the high-radiant heat-flux reactor, to produce reactant products including ash and syngas products of hydrogen and carbon monoxide coming out of an exit of the high-radiant heat-flux reactor;a Steam Methane Reformer (SMR) reactor configured to receive a methane-based gas, where the SMR reactor is in parallel to and cooperates with the high-radiant heat-flux reactor to produce a high quality syngas mixture for methanol synthesis between the resultant reactant products coming from the two reactors, wherein the SMR provides 1) hydrogen gas, 2) a hydrogen-rich syngas composition, in which a ratio of hydrogen-to-carbon monoxide is higher than a ratio generally needed for methanol synthesis, and 3) any combination of the two, to be mixed with a potentially carbon-monoxide-rich syngas composition, in which a ratio of carbon monoxide to hydrogen is higher than the ratio ...

Dual-arm radio headset

A communications system includes a support band, a speaker, and two arms disposed on opposite ends of the support band. The speaker allows the user to receive radio communications. A first arm may comprise a communication subassembly, allowing for the user to send radio communications. The first and second arms may pivot about its connection to the support band. A second arm comprises a shield subassembly, whereby the shield subassembly may completely cover the mouth and nose of the user to prevent the exit and entrance of airborne particles. The shield assembly may comprise a medical-grade material disposed between two layers of plastic. The shield assembly may be disposable.

MAT FOR STANDING WITH RAISED FEATURES

A mat includes a mat body defining an upper surface dimensioned for a user to stand on the upper surface. The upper surface is non-planar and includes at least one terrain feature defining the non-planarity. The terrain feature has a size that is on the order of magnitude of the size of the user's foot. Presenting this surface to the user may help remind him or her to move his or her feet to thereby adopt multiple poses, thereby preventing the user from maintaining any single pose for a fatigue-inducing duration. 1. A mat , comprising:a unitary mat body defining an upper surface dimensioned for a user to stand on the upper surface,wherein the upper surface is non-planar and comprises terrain features defining a non-planarity,wherein the terrain features comprise two lateral rails along lateral sides of the mat body and two lateral anterior corner rails at front corners of the mat body, andwherein a height of the anterior corner rails is greater than a height of the lateral rails.2. The mat of claim 1 , wherein the terrain features further comprise a protrusion comparable in size to a foot of the user.3. The mat of claim 2 , wherein the protrusion comprises a shape that is complementary to a shape of an arch of the foot.4. The mat of claim 1 , wherein the lateral side rails are configured for the user to adopt a widened stance by placing one foot on each of the lateral side rails.5. The mat of claim 4 , wherein a height of the lateral side rails is configures so that a height of a torso of the user does not significantly lower when the user moves from a neutral stance claim 4 , standing medial to the lateral side rails claim 4 , to the widened stance.6. The mat of claim 1 , wherein the terrain features further comprise an anterior rail configured for toes of the user to wrap around an apex of the anterior rail.7. The mat of claim 6 , wherein the anterior corner rails are located at ends of the anterior rail and are configured for toes of the user to wrap around each ...

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING METHODS FOR THE STUDY OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRANSIT

Methods and apparatus for the study of gastrointestinal transit in a human or animal subject. The method being for the study of a subject which has previously ingested a container containing first and second fluids that are detectable and distinguishable by MRI, which method comprises the steps of forming a first magnetic resonance image of at least a portion of the subject's GI tract in which the container is located, wherein the magnetizations of the first and second fluids are in-phase; forming a second magnetic resonance image, coincident with the first image, wherein the magnetizations of the first and second fluids are out-of-phase; and subtracting the second image from the first image, or vice versa, to form a composite image. 1. A method of imaging a human or animal subject , which subject has previously ingested a container containing first and second fluids that are detectable and distinguishable by MRI , which method comprises the steps ofa) forming a first magnetic resonance image of at least a portion of the subject's GI tract in which the container is located, wherein the magnetizations of the first and second fluids are in-phase;b) forming a second magnetic resonance image, coincident with the first image, wherein the magnetizations of the first and second fluids are out-of-phase; andc) subtracting the second image from the first image, or vice versa, to form a composite image.2. The method of claim 1 , which is a method of assessing GI transit in a human or animal subject claim 1 , which subject has previously ingested a container containing first and second fluids that are detectable and distinguishable by MRI claim 1 , which method comprises the steps ofa) at a known time after ingestion of the container by the subject, forming a first magnetic resonance image of at least a portion of the subject's GI tract in which the container is located, wherein the magnetizations of the first and second fluids are in-phase;b) forming a second magnetic ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SERIAL FLOW EMULSION PROCESSES

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for serial flow emulsion processes. Systems and methods as described herein result in reduced cross-contamination. 1. An apparatus comprising(i) a substrate comprising a fluorinated material;(ii) a first inlet conduit in the substrate for flowing a first fluid, wherein the first inlet conduit is configured to be fluidly connected to a source of the first fluid;(iii) a second inlet conduit in the substrate for flowing a second fluid comprising at least one component substantially immiscible in the first fluid, wherein the second inlet is configured to be fluidly connected to a source of the second fluid;wherein the first and second inlets meet at an intersection, and(iv) an outlet conduit in the substrate leading from the intersection to an outlet of the apparatus.2. The apparatus of wherein the intersection of the first and second inlet conduits and the outlet conduit is configured so that when the first fluid flows in the first inlet conduit and the second fluid flows in the second inlet conduit claim 1 , the component of the second fluid substantially immiscible with the first fluid is partitioned into a plurality of partitions in the first fluid claim 1 , which flow out of the apparatus through the outlet conduit.3. The apparatus of wherein the fluorinated material is a fluorinated polymer.4. The apparatus of wherein the apparatus is electrically grounded.5. The apparatus of wherein the fluid connection between the first inlet conduit and the source of the first fluid comprises a first connector between the first fluid conduit and a first connecting conduit leading to the source of first fluid claim 1 , and the fluid connection between the second inlet conduit and the source of the second fluid comprises a second connector between the second fluid conduit and a second connecting conduit leading to the source of second fluid claim 1 , wherein the connectors are configured to not disturb flow of the second fluid from the ...

Radiant heat tube chemical reactor

A radiant heat-driven chemical reactor comprising a generally cylindrical pressure refractory lined vessel, a plurality of radiant heating tubes, and a metal tube sheet to form a seal for the pressure refractory lined vessel near a top end of the pressure refractory lined vessel. The metal tube sheet has a plurality of injection ports extending vertically through the metal tube sheet and into the refractory lined vessel such that biomass is injected at an upper end of the vessel between the radiant heating tubes, and the radiant heat is supplied to an interior of the plurality of radiant heating tubes. The radiant heat-driven chemical reactor is configured to 1) gasify particles of biomass in a presence of steam (H2O) to produce a low CO2 synthesis gas that includes hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas, or 2) reform natural gas in a non-catalytic reformation reaction, using thermal energy from the radiant heat.

MAT FOR STANDING WITH RAISED FEATURES

A mat includes a mat body defining an upper surface dimensioned for a user to stand on the upper surface. The upper surface is non-planar and includes at least one terrain feature defining the non-planarity. The terrain feature has a size that is on the order of magnitude of the size of the user's foot. Presenting this surface to the user may help remind him or her to move his or her feet to thereby adopt multiple poses, thereby preventing the user from maintaining any single pose for a fatigue-inducing duration. 1. A mat , comprising:a unitary, monolithic mat body defining an upper surface dimensioned for a user to stand on the upper surface, wherein the upper surface is non-planar and comprises at least one terrain feature defining the non-planarity, wherein the terrain feature has a size that is on the order of magnitude of a size of a foot of the user.2. The mat of claim 1 , wherein the at least one terrain feature comprises a protrusion comparable in size to the foot.3. The mat of claim 2 , wherein the protrusion comprises a shape that is complementary to a shape of an arch of the foot.4. The mat of claim 1 , wherein the at least one terrain feature comprises at least one raised rail.5. The mat of claim 4 , wherein the at least one raised rail comprises two rails at lateral sides of the mat body claim 4 , configured for the user to adopt a widened stance by placing one foot on each of the rails.6. The mat of claim 5 , wherein a height of the rails is such that a height of a torso of the user does not significantly lower when the user moves from a neutral stance claim 5 , standing medial to the rails claim 5 , to the widened stance.7. The mat of claim 4 , wherein the at least one raised rail comprises an anterior rail configured for toes of the user to wrap around the anterior rail.8. The mat of claim 4 , wherein the at least one raised rail comprises at least one lateral anterior corner rail configured for toes of the user to wrap around the corner rail.9. The ...

DROPPABLE KEYBOARD AND MOUSE PLATFORM

A desktop includes a first portion, a second portion, and a linkage assembly attached to the first and second portions. The first desktop portion has a first, substantially planar, upper surface, and an edge. The second desktop portion has a second, substantially planar, upper surface, a proximal edge, and a distal edge. The linkage assembly is configured such that the second desktop portion is movable between a first configuration and a second configuration. At the first configuration, the second desktop portion is substantially coplanar with the first desktop portion, and the proximal edge of the second desktop portion is adjacent the edge of the first desktop portion. At the second configuration, the proximal edge of the second desktop portion is beneath the edge of the first desktop portion, and the second desktop portion is not coplanar with the first desktop portion and is not parallel to the first desktop portion. 1. A desktop , comprising:a first desktop portion, comprising a first, substantially planar, upper surface, and a first edge;a second desktop portion, comprising a second, substantially planar, upper surface, a proximal edge, and a distal edge; and a first configuration at which the second desktop portion is substantially coplanar with the first desktop portion and the proximal edge of the second desktop portion is adjacent the first edge of the first desktop portion; and', 'a second configuration at which the proximal edge of the second desktop portion is beneath the first edge of the first desktop portion, and the second desktop portion is not coplanar with the first desktop portion and is not parallel to the first desktop portion., 'a linkage assembly, attached to the first desktop portion and to the second desktop portion, and configured such that the second desktop portion is movable between2. The desktop of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the second configuration claim 1 , the proximal edge of the second desktop portion is beneath the first ...

SIMULTANEOUS REACTIONS WITH GASIFICATION OF BIOMASS

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant that may include a solar thermal receiver having a cavity with an inner wall, where the solar thermal receiver is aligned to absorb concentrated solar energy from one or more of 1) an array of heliostats, 2) solar concentrating dishes, and 3) any combination of the two. Some embodiments may include a solar-driven chemical reactor having multiple reactor tubes located inside the cavity of solar thermal receiver, wherein a chemical reaction driven by radiant heat occurs in the multiple reactor tubes, and wherein particles of biomass are gasified in the presence of a steam (H2O) carrier gas and methane (CH4) in a simultaneous steam reformation and steam biomass gasification reaction to produce reaction products that include hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas using the solar thermal energy from the absorbed concentrated solar energy in the multiple reactor tubes. 120-. (canceled)21. A method of producing chemicals in an integrated plant to produce a fuel , comprising:providing a chemical reactor having multiple reactor tubes located inside a cavity of a thermal receiver, wherein a simultaneous biomass gasification reaction and steam methane reforming reaction is driven by radiant heat, wherein the simultaneous chemical reaction occurs in the multiple reactor tubes in the chemical reactor, wherein particles of biomass are gasified in a presence of steam to produce products that include hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas using thermal energy from the radiant heat, where the products from the biomass gasification reaction that include hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas are mixed with products from the steam methane reforming reaction, where the products from both reactions are then commonly fed through a first input into a first on-site fuel synthesis reactor, which is configured to produce the fuel;supplying the particles of biomass from forestry wastes, forestry thinnings, or another woody source from a feed ...

Radiant fountain architecture chemical reactor

A chemical plant includes a radiant heat-driven chemical reactor having generally concentric reactor tubes with an inner tube and an outer tube located inside a cavity of a thermal receiver. Particles of biomass, or natural gas, and an entrainment gas are fed into the inner tube near a bottom of the tube. The biomass and the entrainment gas flow upward through the inner tube into an upper plenum, and then flow downward through an annular space between the inner tube and the outer tube. The concentric reactor tubes and the thermal receiver are configured to cooperate such that heat is radiantly transferred by primarily absorption and re-radiation to drive the biomass gasification reaction or natural gas reformation reaction of reactants flowing through the reactor tubes in the vertical sections of the reactor, and turbulent flow and mixing of the reactants occurs in the upper plenum part of the reactor.

Solar Tracking System using Periodic Scan Patterns with a Shielding Tube

A solar tracking system and method that use a tube that admits solar radiation and one or more photodetectors for generating a signal related to an intensity of solar radiation at a distal end of the tube. The system has a scan unit for periodically executing a certain scan pattern in an elevation angle El and in an azimuth angle Az of the shielding tube. A processing unit in communication with the photodetector determines an on-sun orientation of the shielding tube based on a convolution of the signal obtained while executing the scan pattern with a trained convolution kernel. The on-sun orientation thus found can be used to update the orientation of one or more solar surfaces, e.g., reflective or photovoltaic surfaces. 1. A solar tracking system comprising:a) a tube for admitting solar radiation through an opening;b) at least one photodetector for generating a signal related to an intensity of said solar radiation incident on a distal end of said tube;c) a scan unit for periodically executing a predetermined scan pattern of said tube;d) a processing unit in communication with said at least one photodetector for determining an on-sun orientation of said tube based on said predetermined scan pattern;wherein said on-sun orientation is deployed for updating the orientation of at least one solar surface.2. The solar tracking system of claim 1 , wherein said solar surface is a photovoltaic solar surface for producing electricity from solar radiation incident on the surface.3. The solar tracking system of claim 1 , wherein said solar surface is used to produce thermal energy from solar radiation incident on the surface.4. The solar tracking system of claim 1 , wherein said tube is a shielding tube having an absorptive inner surface for absorbing said solar radiation incident on said inner surface.5. The solar tracking system of claim 1 , wherein said tube is attached to said at least one solar surface such that a surface normal to said solar surface is parallel with a ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SERIAL FLOW EMULSION PROCESSES

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for serial flow emulsion processes. Systems and methods as described herein result in reduced cross-contamination. 1. An apparatus comprising (a) the injector comprises a first injector conduit, wherein at least 95% of inner surface of the first injector conduit comprises a fluorinated material;', '(b) the injector can be in a first configuration providing a fluid communication between the first injector conduit and an intake system or in a second configuration providing a fluid communication between the first injector conduit and a process system, but not both at the same time;, '(i) an injector wherein'}(ii) the intake system comprising a source of a first fluid wherein the source of the first fluid can be in fluid communication with the first injector conduit via a first intake conduit when the injector is in the first configuration, but not in fluid communication with the process system; and(iii) the process system comprising a source of a second fluid, substantially immiscible with the first fluid, wherein the source of the second fluid can be in fluid communication with the first injector conduit via a first process conduit and the process system via a second process conduit when the injector is in the second configuration, but not in fluid communication with the intake system.2. The apparatus of wherein at least 95% of inner surfaces of the first intake conduit and the first and second process conduits comprise a fluorinated material.3. The apparatus of wherein the fluorinated material comprises a fluoropolymer.4. The apparatus of wherein the injector further comprises a second injector conduit claim 3 , different from the first injector conduit claim 3 , wherein the second injector conduit is configured to be in fluid communication with the process system when the injector is in the first configuration and to be in fluid communication with the intake system when the injector is in the second configuration claim 3 , ...

STEERING DEVICE FOR AN AIRCRAFT

A steering device for an aircraft landing gear leg including a main fitting has a steering collar for rotatably mounting on the outside of the main fitting; an actuator having an actuator body; and an actuator arm arranged to move between an extended position and retracted position with respect to the actuator body. The actuator arm is pivoted to the main fitting, and a bracket is pivoted to the main fitting; a second pivot location pivoted to the actuator body; and a third pivot location pivotally connected to one end of a steering arm. The steering arm is pivoted at its other end to the steering collar. Also, an aircraft landing gear with the steering device and aircraft having the landing gear. 1. A steering device for an aircraft landing gear having a leg including a main fitting , the steering device comprising a steering collar for rotatably mounting on the outside of the main fitting , at least one actuator having an actuator body and an actuator arm arranged to move between an extended position and retracted position with respect to the actuator body , the actuator arm having a distal end for pivotal connection to the main fitting , a bracket having a first pivot location for pivotal connection to the main fitting , a second pivot location pivotally connected to the actuator body , and a third pivot location pivotally connected to one end of a steering arm , the steering arm is pivotally connected at its other end to the steering collar.2. A steering device according to claim 1 , wherein the actuator is pivotable about the second pivot location.3. A steering device according to claim 1 , wherein the steering arm is straight.4. A steering device according to claim 1 , wherein the steering arm is curved.5. A steering device according to claim 1 , wherein the actuator has a longitudinal axis offset from the second pivot location.6. A steering device according to claim 1 , wherein the actuator is dual acting.7. A steering device according to claim 1 , wherein ...

Audio Signal Amplifier Gain Control

A system for controlling the gain of an input signal in an audio signal amplifier. The system includes a user-operable gain control, and analog and digital circuit elements that together are configured to modify the gain of the input signal in response to the user-operable gain control. 1. A system for controlling the gain of an input signal in an audio signal amplifier , comprising:a user-operable gain control; andat least one analog circuit element and at least one digital circuit element, wherein the analog and digital circuit elements together are configured to modify the gain of the input signal in response to the user-operable gain control.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one analog circuit element comprises an analog pre-amplifier that defines a plurality of first gain steps that each accomplish different gains on an audio signal.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the at least one digital circuit element comprises a digital signal processor (DSP) claim 2 , downstream of the pre-amplifier claim 2 , that is configured to define a plurality of second compensation gain steps that accomplish different gains on the audio signal claim 2 , to compensate for the pre-amplifier gain.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the DSP is further configured to apply a system gain in addition to the compensation gain.5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the first gain steps and the second compensation gain steps are each discrete changes in gain.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the second compensation gain steps are the opposite of the first gain steps.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein an overall gain accomplished by the first gain steps and the second compensation gain steps together claim 6 , is constant.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the user-operable gain control is a continuous control.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the user-operable gain control comprises a physical control member and a virtual control member claim 1 , wherein the physical and virtual ...

Albumin composition

The present invention relates to use of albumin and a viscosity modifier, particularly a viscosity increasing agent, in a placebo.

AIRCRAFT DOOR CONTROL

An aircraft door controller including a receiver configured to receive a command to move an aircraft door between an open position and a closed position relative to a door frame. The aircraft door controller is configured to not store the command when power to move the aircraft door between the open position and the closed position relative to the door frame is unavailable. 1. An aircraft door controller , comprising:a receiver configured to receive a command to move an aircraft door between an open position and a closed position relative to a door frame;wherein the aircraft door controller is configured to not store the command when power to move the aircraft door between the open position and the closed position relative to the door frame is unavailable.2. The aircraft door controller according to claim 1 , wherein the command comprises an electrical signal.3. The aircraft door controller according to claim 2 , wherein the controller is configured to not store the command by the controller not latching the command in memory.4. An aircraft door control system claim 2 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the aircraft door controller according to ; and'}a user control configured to cause generation of the command when operated by a user.5. The aircraft door control system according to claim 4 , wherein the user control is operable by the user when the power to move the aircraft door between the open position and the closed position relative to the door frame is unavailable.6. The aircraft door control system according to claim 5 , wherein the user control is configured to cause generation of the command by movement of the user control to a first position claim 5 , and wherein the user control is biased away from the first position.7. The aircraft door control system according to claim 4 , further comprising a detector configured to detect a position of the aircraft door relative to the door frame claim 4 , wherein the aircraft door ...

STANDING PLATFORM

An apparatus includes a platform and an actuator. The platform includes a first platform region with a first surface, and a second platform region with a second surface. The actuator is operatively coupled with the first platform region and with the second platform region, and moves the apparatus between a first and a second state. At the first state, the first surface defines a first orientation, and the second surface defines a second orientation, where the first and second orientations are substantially symmetric and the first and second surfaces are substantially at the same height as one another. At the second state, the first surface defines a third orientation, and the second surface defines the second orientation, where the third orientation is not symmetric with the second orientation. The availability of more than one platform configuration encourages a user standing on the platform to assume varied standing postures. 1. An apparatus , comprising: a first platform region comprising a first surface; and', 'a second platform region comprising a second surface; and, 'a platform, comprisingan actuator, wherein the actuator is operatively coupled with the first platform region and with the second platform region; a first state at which the first surface defines a first orientation, and the second surface defines a second orientation, wherein, in the first state, the first and second orientations are substantially symmetric and the first and second surfaces are substantially at the same height as one another; and', 'a second state at which the first surface defines a third orientation, and the second surface defines the second orientation, wherein the third orientation is not symmetric with the second orientation., 'wherein the actuator is configured to move the apparatus between2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the actuator is configured to move the apparatus between the first state claim 1 , the second state claim 1 , and a third state at which the first ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR BIOMASS GRINDING AND FEEDING

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven bio-refinery that may include a entrained-flow biomass feed system that is feedstock flexible via particle size control of the biomass. Some embodiments include a chemical reactor that receives concentrated solar thermal energy from an array of heliostats. The entrained-flow biomass feed system can use an entrainment carrier gas and supplies a variety of biomass sources fed as particles into the solar-driven chemical reactor. Biomass sources in a raw state or partially torrified state may be used, as long as parameters such as particle size of the biomass are controlled. Additionally, concentrated solar thermal energy can drive gasification of the particles. An on-site fuel synthesis reactor may receive the hydrogen and carbon monoxide products from the gasification reaction use the hydrogen and carbon monoxide products in a hydrocarbon fuel synthesis process to create a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. 124-. (canceled)25. A bio-refinery to generate fuel product with an entrained-flow biomass feed system , comprising:a boiler to produce steam and to supply steam to a steam input;a chemical reactor having the steam input and one or more reactor tubes, where in the chemical reactor biomass i) in particle form, ii) in non-particle form, or iii) both, is configured to be gasified in a presence of steam from the steam input and to generate at least hydrogen and carbon monoxide products from the gasification reaction;the entrained-flow biomass feed system having two or more feed lines to supply the biomass into the chemical reactor, where a gas source for a pressurized entrainment carrier gas is coupled to the entrained-flow biomass feed system;a heat drying unit to apply heat to the biomass in order to provide dried biomass to enter the entrained-flow biomass feed system, in which the two or more feed lines to supply the biomass; anda fuel synthesis reactor of the bio-refinery that is geographically located on a same site as the ...

Power supply with rectifier protection

An apparatus for driving speakers includes user-configurable amplifier cells for driving selected speakers, a synchronous rectifier circuit, and a control system. Each cell connects between power rails. The rectifier circuit provides current on the rails for consumption by the cells. The current depends on the configuration. The control system implements a model of the rectifier circuit and cells and uses it to control an audio input signal in response to information concerning electrical outputs of the amplifier cells. This indirectly limits current drawn from the synchronous rectifier circuit.

Bleach compositions

Bleach compositions comprising cobalt catalysts

Bleach compositions comprising certain carboxylate-containing cobalt catalysts are provided. More specifically, the invention relates to automatic dishwashing detergents and laundry compositions which provide enhanced cleaning/bleaching benefits (especially tea stain removal) through the selection of cobalt catalysts having the formula: [Co(NH3)5M]Ty, wherein cobalt is in the +3 oxidation state; and M is a substituted and unsubstituted C1-C30 carboxylate-containing ligand having the formula: RC(O)O-.

Method for manufacturing cobalt catalysts

A method for manufacturing cobalt complexes having the formula: [Co(NH.sub.3).sub.5 M]T.sub.y wherein M ligands are selected from substituted and unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 carboxylic acids having the formulas: RC(O)O--; said method comprising reacting cobalt complexes having the formula [Co(NH 3 ) 5 X]T y (e.g., X is chlorine) with concentrated ammonium hydroxide followed by carboxylic acid anhydride of the formula RC(O)O(O)CR.

Automatic dishwashing compositions comprising cobalt catalysts

Method for manufacturing cobalt catalysts

A method for manufacturing cobalt complexes having the formula: [Co(NH.sub.3).sub.5 M]T.sub.y wherein M ligands are selected from substituted and unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 carboxylic acids having the formulas: RC(O)O--; said method comprising reacting cobalt (II) complexes having the formula [Co(H 2 O) 6 ] T y (e.g., T is chloride) with concentrated ammonium hydroxide/ammonium chloride, followed by an oxidizing agent (e.g., peroxide), followed by carboxylic acid anhydride of the formula RC(O)O(O)CR.

WHITENING COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING A METAL WHITENING CATALYST, AND WHITENING ACTIVITIES AND / OR ORGANIC PERCARBOXYLIC ACIDS.

La invención se refiere a una composición de blanqueo o de limpieza que comprende: (a) una dosis eficaz, preferentemente aproximadamente 0,0001% a aproximadamente 99,9%, más habitualmente entorno a 0,1% a aproximadamente un 25% de un activador de blanqueo y/o de un ácido percarboxílico orgánico; (b) una cantidad catalítica eficaz, preferentemente en torno a 1 ppb a aproximadamente 99,9% de un catalizador de blanqueo de metal de transición el cual es un complejo d un metal de transición y de un ligando macropolicíclico puenteado transversalmente; y (c) al menos aproximadamente 0,1% de una o varias materias de adición de blanqueo o de limpieza, que comprende preferentemente un agente de blanqueo oxigenado. Las composiciones preferidas son composiciones de blanqueo y detergentes de lavado automática de la vajilla que ofrecen mayores ventajas de limpieza/blanqueo mediante la utilización de estos catalizadores en combinación con activadores de blanqueo y/o ácidos percarboxílicos orgánicos. The invention relates to a bleaching or cleaning composition comprising: (a) an effective dose, preferably about 0.0001% to about 99.9%, more usually around 0.1% to about 25% of a bleach activator and / or an organic percarboxylic acid; (b) an effective catalytic amount, preferably about 1 ppb to about 99.9% of a transition metal bleaching catalyst which is a complex of a transition metal and a cross-bridged macropolyclic ligand; and (c) at least about 0.1% of one or more bleaching or cleaning addition materials, preferably comprising an oxygenated bleaching agent. Preferred compositions are bleaching compositions and automatic dishwashing detergents that offer greater cleaning / bleaching advantages by using these catalysts in combination with bleach activators and / or organic percarboxylic acids.

Improved methods of making cross-bridged macropolycycles

Improved synthesis of a macropolycycle, more particularly, of a cross-bridged tetraazamacrocycle.

Process for preparing cross-bridged tetraaza macrocycles

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a cross-bridged tetraaza macrocyclic ligand having formula (I) wherein each R is independently C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl, -(CH2)xCO2M, and mixtures thereof; provided both of the R units are not methyl; M is hydrogen or a salt forming cation; x is from 1 to 6; each index n is independently from 0 to 3; by contacting a di-quaternary cis tetracycle precursor with hydrogen in the presence of a palladium catalyst in an aqueous solution having a pH of at least about 10 at a temperature of about 40 °C to about 100 °C.

Methods of making cross-bridged macropolycycles

Improved synthesis of a macropolycycle, more particularly, of a cross-bridged tetraazamacrocycle

Bleach compositions containing metal bleach catalyst, and bleach activators and/or organic percarboxylic acids

Laundry or cleaning composition comprising: a) an effective amount of a bleach activator and/or organic percarboxylic acid; b) a catalytically effective amount of a transition-metal bleach catalyst which is a complex of a transition-metal and a cross-bridged macropolycyclic ligand; and c) at least about 0.1% of one or more laundry or cleaning adjunct materials. Preferred compositions are laundry compositions and automatic dishwashing detergents which provide enhanced cleaning/bleaching benefits through the use of such catalysts in combination with bleach activators and/or organic perearboxylic acids.

Process for preparing cross-bridged tetraaza macrocycles

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a cross-bridged tetraaza macrocyclic ligand having formula (I) wherein each R is independently C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl, -(CH2)xCO2M, and mixtures thereof; provided both of the R units are not methyl; M is hydrogen or a salt forming cation; x is from 1 to 6; each index n is independently from 0 to 3; by contacting a di-quaternary cis tetracycle precursor with hydrogen in the presence of a palladium catalyst in an aqueous solution having a pH of at least about 10 at a temperature of about 40 °C to about 100 °C.

Transition metal bleaching agents

The present invention relates to a bleaching system comprising: a) from about 1ppb, by weight of a transition metal catalyst comprising: i) a transition metal; ii) a ligand having formula (I): wherein each R is independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-C4 alkyl, and mixtures thereof; R1 is C1-C4 alkyl, C6-C10 aryl, and mixtures thereof; R2 is C1-C4 alkyl, C6-C10 aryl, and mixtures thereof; R?3 and R4¿ are each independently hydrogen, C¿1?-C8 alkyl, C1-C8 hydroxyalkyl, -(CH2)xCO2R?5¿ wherein R5 is C1-C4alkyl, x is from 0 to 4, and mixtures thereof; X is carbonyl, -C(R6)2- wherein each R6 is independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, C¿1?-C4 alkyl, and mixtures thereof; b) optionally a source of hydrogen peroxide; and c) the balance carriers and adjunct ingredients.

Bleaching compositions

Systems and methods for quenching, gas clean up, and ash removal

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant are disclosed. An embodiment may include a solar thermal receiver aligned to absorb concentrated solar energy from one or more solar energy concentrating fields. A solar driven chemical reactor may include multiple reactor tubes located inside the solar thermal receiver. The multiple reactor tubes can be used to gasify particles of biomass in the presence of a carrier gas. The gasification reaction may produce reaction products that include hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas having an exit temperature from the tubes exceeding 1000 degrees C. An embodiment can include a quench zone immediately downstream of an exit of the chemical reactor. The quench zone may immediately quench via rapid cooling of at least the hydrogen and carbon monoxide reaction products within 0.1-10 seconds of exiting the chemical reactor to a temperature of 800 degrees C. or less.

Systems and methods for serial flow emulsion processes

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for serial flow emulsion processes. Systems and methods as described herein result in reduced cross-contamination.

Treatment of fabric articles

Methods and compositions to treat fabrics with lipophilic fluid and a hydrophobic chelant are provided by the present invention.

Systems and methods for serial flow emulsion processes

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for serial flow emulsion processes. Systems and methods as described herein result in reduced cross-contamination.

Detergent compositions containing ethylenediamine-n, n'-diglutaric acid or 2-hydroxypropylenediamine-n, n'-disuccinic acid

Detergent compositions containing coventional detergent surfactants, detergent builders, and the like, and a chelant selected from ethylenediamine-N,N'-diglutaric acid (EDDG) and 2-hydroxypropylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (HPDDS) are disclosed. Such compositions provide enhanced removal of organic stains, such as food and beverage stains. The EDDG and HPDDS are biodegradable and contain no phosphorus.

Bleach compositions

Systems and methods for biomass gasifier reactor and receiver configuration

A method, apparatus, and system for solar-driven chemical plant may include a solar thermal receiver to absorb concentrated solar energy from an array of heliostats. Additionally, some embodiments may include a solar driven chemical reactor that has multiple reactor tubes. The concentrated solar energy drives the endothermic gasification reaction of the particles of biomass flowing through the reactor tubes. Some embodiments may also include an on-site fuel synthesis reactor that is geographically located on the same site as the chemical reactor and integrated to receive the hydrogen and carbon monoxide products from the gasification reaction.

Bleach compositions

Lift system with follower system

A hydraulic lifting apparatus includes a main hydraulic cylinder and main hydraulic circuit operatively connected to the main hydraulic cylinder. First and second spaced apart follower hydraulic cylinders are also provided. A hydraulic lifting system includes first and second lift towers. Each lift tower includes a main hydraulic cylinder, a main hydraulic circuit, and at least one follower hydraulic cylinder. A follower hydraulic circuit is operatively connected to the at least one follower hydraulic cylinder. A lifting beam spans between the first and second lift towers. The main hydraulic cylinder of each tower is positioned along the beam axis.

N, N '- (1-oxo-1,2-ethanediyl) bis (aspartic acid), the salts and the use in detergents.

Bleach compositions

Laundry or cleaning composition comprising: (a) a catalytically effective amount, preferably from about 1 ppb to about 99.9%, of a transition-metal bleach catalyst which is a complex of a transition-metal and a cross-bridged macropolycyclic ligand; and (b) at least about 0.1% of one or more laundry or cleaning adjunct materials, preferably comprising an oxygen bleaching agent. Preferred compositions are laundry compositions and automatic dishwashing detergents which provide enhanced cleaning/bleaching benefits through the use of such catalysts.

Systems and methods for biomass grinding and feeding

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven biorefinery that may include a entrained-flow biomass feed system that is feedstock flexible via particle size control of the biomass. Some embodiments include a chemical reactor that receives concentrated solar thermal energy from an array of heliostats. The entrained-flow biomass feed system can use an entrainment carrier gas and supplies a variety of biomass sources fed as particles into the solar- driven chemical reactor. Biomass sources in a raw state or partially torrified state may be used, as long as parameters such as particle size of the biomass are controlled. Additionally, concentrated solar thermal energy can drive gasification of the particles. An on-site fuel synthesis reactor may receive the hydrogen and carbon monoxide products from the gasification reaction use the hydrogen and carbon monoxide products in a hydrocarbon fuel synthesis process to create a liquid hydrocarbon fuel.

Bleach compositions containing metal bleach catalyst and bleach activators and/or organic percarboxylic acids.

(a) Etkili bir miktarda, tercihen yaklasik %0.0001 ila yaklasik %99.9, daha tipik olarak yaklasik %0.1 ila yaklasik %25 bir agartma maddesi etkinlestiricisi ve/veya organik perkarboksilik asit; (b) katalitik olarak etkili bir miktarda, tercihen yaklasik 1 ppb ila yaklasik %99.9 bir geçis metali ile çapraz köprülü makropolisiklik bir ligandin bir kompleksi olan bir geçis metali agirtma maddesi katalizörü; ve (c) en az yaklasik %0.1, tercihen bir oksijen agartma maddesi içeren bir veya daha fazla çamasir veya temizlik yardimci katki malzemesi. Tercih edilen bilesimler, agartma maddesi etkinlestiricileri ve/veya organik perkarboksilik asitlerle kombine olarak bu katalizörlerin kullanimi vasitasiyla artirilmis temizleme/agartma yararlari saglayan çamasir bilesimleri ve makinede bulasik yikama deterjanlaridir. (a) An effective amount, preferably about 0.0001% to about 99.9%, more typically about 0.1% to about 25%, of a bleach activator and / or organic percarboxylic acid; (b) a transition metal bleach catalyst, which is a catalytically effective amount, preferably a complex of a cross-bridged macropolycyclic ligand with a transition metal of about 1 ppb to about 99.9%; and (c) one or more laundry or cleaning aid ingredients containing at least about 0.1%, preferably an oxygen bleach. Preferred compositions are bleaching agents and machine wash detergents that provide improved cleaning / bleaching benefits through the use of these catalysts in combination with bleach activators and / or organic percarboxylic acids.

Process for preparing cross-bridged tetraaza macrocycles

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a cross-bridged tetraaza macrocyclic ligand having formula (I) wherein each R is independently C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl, -(CH2)xCO2M, and mixtures thereof; provided both of the R units are not methyl; M is hydrogen or a salt forming cation; x is from 1 to 6; each index n is independently from 0 to 3; by contacting a di-quaternary cis tetracycle precursor with hydrogen in the presence of a palladium catalyst in an aqueous solution having a pH of at least about 10 at a temperature of about 40 °C to about 100 °C.

LAUNDRY COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING N, N´- (1-OXO-1,2- ETHANODIIL) -BIS (ASPARTATES) OR STEROISOMERS OF IT

UNA COMPOSICION DE LAVANDERIA QUE CONTIENE UNA CANTIDAD EFECTIVADE UN COMPUESTO N,N´-(1-OXO-1,2-ETANODIIL)-BIS(ASPARTATO), O UN ESTEREOISOMERO DE EL, CARACTERIZADO POR UNA HEMIESTRUCTURA OEDBA DE FORMULA (I):Y UNA CANTIDAD LIMPIADORA EFECTIVA DE UN SURFACTANTE DETERSIVO, SELECCIONADO EL ULTIMO PREFERIBLEMENTE DEL GRUPO CONFORMADO POR SURFACTANTES ANIONICOS, NO IONICOS, CATIONICOS Y ZWITTERIONICOS O MEZCLAS DE ELLOS".UNA COMPOSICION DE LAVANDERIA QUE CONTIENE UNA CANTIDAD MEJORADA DE BLANQUEO DE UN COMPUESTO N,N´-(1-OXO-1,2-ETANO-DIIL)-BIS ASPARTATO, O UN ESTEREOISOMERO DE EL, CARACTERIZADO POR UNA HEMIESTRUCTURA OEDBA DE FORMULA (II):Y UN AGENTE DE BLANQUEO CONVENCIONAL, SELECCIONADO EL ULTIMO PREFERIBLEMENTE DEL GRUPO CONSISTENTE DE PERBORATO, PERSULFATO Y PERCARBONATO". A LAUNDRY COMPOSITION CONTAINING AN EFFECTIVE AMOUNT OF A COMPOUND N, N´- (1-OXO-1,2-ETHANODIIL) -BIS (ASPARTATE), OR A STEREOISOMER OF IT, CHARACTERIZED BY AN OEDBA HEMESTRUCTURE OF FORMULA (I): AND AN EFFECTIVE CLEANING AMOUNT OF A DETERSIVE SURFACTANT, SELECTED THE LAST PREFERABLY OF THE GROUP MADE UP OF ANIONIC SURFACTANTS, NON-IONIC, CATIONIC AND MIXTURES FROM ONE OF LAUERIA, ONE COMPOSITION OF LAUANDA ´- (1-OXO-1,2-ETANO-DIIL) -BIS ASPARTATE, OR A STEREOISOMER OF HIM, CHARACTERIZED BY A HEMIESTRUCTURE OEDBA OF FORMULA (II): AND A CONVENTIONAL BLEACHING AGENT, SELECTED THE LAST PREFERABLY FROM THE CONSISTENT GROUP OF PERBORATE, PERSULFATE AND PERCARBONATE ".

Method for manufacturing cobalt catalysts

A method for manufacturing cobalt complexes having the formula: [Co(NH3)5M]Ty, wherein M ligands are selected from substituted and unsubstituted C1-C30 carboxylic acids having the formulas: RC(O)O-; said method comprising reacting cobalt (II) complexes having the formula [Co(H2O)6] Ty (e.g., T is chloride) with concentrated ammonium hydroxide/ammonium chloride, followed by an oxidizing agent (e.g., peroxide), followed by carboxylic acid anhydride of the formula RC(O)O(O)CR.

Droppable keyboard and mouse platform

A desktop includes a first portion, a second portion, and a linkage assembly attached to the first and second portions. The first desktop portion has a first, substantially planar, upper surface, and an edge. The second desktop portion has a second, substantially planar, upper surface, a proximal edge, and a distal edge. The linkage assembly is configured such that the second desktop portion is movable between a first configuration and a second configuration. At the first configuration, the second desktop portion is substantially coplanar with the first desktop portion, and the proximal edge of the second desktop portion is adjacent the edge of the first desktop portion. At the second configuration, the proximal edge of the second desktop portion is beneath the edge of the first desktop portion, and the second desktop portion is not coplanar with the first desktop portion and is not parallel to the first desktop portion.

Integrated wedge lock arrangement

A hydraulically operated wedge lock system provides a releasable mechanical lock between telescoping boom segments. Each wedge lock mechanism includes a stationary backing wedge block that defines an angled smooth surface. A stationary shaft and piston is supported generally parallel to the backing wedge block. A slidable wedge block biased by a spring to a locked position is supported for reciprocal movement on the shaft along the angled smooth surface. Hydraulic fluid urges the slidable wedge block against the bias of the spring to an unlocked position.

Systems and methods for biomass gasifier reactor and receiver configuration

A method, apparatus, and system for solar-driven chemical plant may include a solar thermal receiver to absorb concentrated solar energy from an array of heliostats. Additionally, some embodiments may include a solar driven chemical reactor that has multiple reactor tubes. The concentrated solar energy drives the endothermic gasification reaction of the particles of biomass flowing through the reactor tubes. Some embodiments may also include an on-site fuel synthesis reactor that is geographically located on the same site as the chemical reactor and integrated to receive the hydrogen and carbon monoxide products from the gasification reaction.

Bleaching compositions comprising cobalt catalysts

Bleach compositions containing metal bleach catalyst, and bleach activators and/or organic percarboxylic acids

Bleach compositions comprising cobalt catalysts

Bleach compositions comprising certain carboxylate-containing cobalt catalysts are provided. More specifically, the invention relates to automatic dishwashing detergents and laundry compositions which provide enhanced cleaning/bleaching benefits (especially tea stain removal) through the selection of cobalt catalysts having the formula: [Co(NH3)5M]T y, wherein cobalt is in the +3 oxidation state; and M is a substituted and unsubstituted C1-C30 carboxylate-containing ligand having the formula: RC(O)O-.

Power supply with rectifier protection

An apparatus for driving speakers includes user-configurable amplifier cells for driving selected speakers, a synchronous rectifier circuit, and a control system. Each cell connects between power rails. The rectifier circuit provides current on the rails for consumption by the cells. The current depends on the configuration. The control system implements a model of the rectifier circuit and cells and uses it to control an audio input signal in response to information concerning electrical outputs of the amplifier cells. This indirectly limits current drawn from the synchronous rectifier circuit.

Metal complexes for use in medical and therapeutic applications

Detergent compositions containing ethylenediamine-n,n'-diglutaric acid or 2-hydroxypropylenediamine-n,n'-disuccinic acid

Detergent compositions containing conventional detergent surfactants, detergent builders, and the like, and a chelant selected from ethylenediamine-N,N'-diglutaric acid (EDDG) and 2-hydroxypropylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (HPDDS) are disclosed. Such compositions provide enhanced removal of organic stains, such as food and beverage stains. The EDDG and HPDDS are biodegradable and contain no phosphorus.

Systems and methods for solar-thermal gasification of biomass

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant that may include a solar thermal receiver having a cavity with an inner wall, where the solar thermal receiver is aligned to absorb concentrated solar energy from one or more of 1) an array of heliostats, 2) solar concentrating dishes, and 3) any combination of the two. Some embodiments may include a solar-driven chemical reactor having multiple reactor tubes located inside the cavity of solar thermal receiver, wherein a chemical reaction driven by radiant heat occurs in the multiple reactor tubes, and wherein particles of biomass are gasified in the presence of a steam (H2O) carrier gas and methane (CH4) in a simultaneous steam reformation and steam biomass gasification reaction to produce reaction products that include hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas using the solar thermal energy from the absorbed concentrated solar energy in the multiple reactor tubes.

Metal complexes for use in medical and therapeutic applications

The first aspect of the present invention relates to transition metal complexes having the formula (I) or (II) wherein M is a radioactive metal having a valence of +2, +3, +4, or +5; m+~ designates the charge of the meta l complex, each R is independently C~1-C~8 linear or branched alkyl, a fifth ligand, and mixtures thereof; B is a bridging unit which comprises at least 2 carbon atoms; L is a pharmaceutically acceptable ligand; X is a pharmaceutically compatible anion in sufficient amount to provide electronic neutrality. The complexes of the present invention are suitable for use in diagnostic, therapeutic or radiotherapeutic or chemotherapeutic compositions for visualization, therapy, chemotherapy or radiotherapy of tissues or organ s.

Bleach compositions

Laundry or cleaning composition comprising: (a) a catalytically effective amount, preferably from about 1 ppb to about 99.9%, of a transition-metal bleach catalyst which is a complex of a transition-metal and a cross-bridged macropolycyclic ligand; and (b) at least about 0.1% of one or more laundry or cleaning adjunct materials, preferably comprising an oxygen bleaching agent. Preferred compositions are laundry compositions and automatic dishwashing detergents which provide enhanced cleaning/bleaching benefits through the use of such catalysts.

DETERGENT COMPOSITION CONTAINING ACID ETILENDIAMINO-N, N'-DISUCCINICO

La presente invención se refiere a una composición detergente para lavandería, caracterizada porque comprende: a) aproximadamente de 1 a 75 por ciento en peso de una gente tensioactivo detergente, seleccionado del grupo que consiste de agentes tensioactivos zwitteriónicos, agentes tensioactivos anfolíticos, agentes tensioactivos catiónicos y mezclas de los mismos; b) aproximadamente de 5 a 80 por ciento en peso de un mejorador de detergencia; y c) aproximadamente de 0.1 a 10 por ciento en peso de ácido etilendiamino-N,N'-disuccínico o sus sales de metal alcalino o de metal alcalino-térreo, de amonio o de amonio sustituído, o ,ezclas de ellos.

Bleaching preparations

Bleach compositions

Laundry or cleaning composition comprising: (a) a catalytically effective amount, preferably from about 1 ppb to about 99.9%, of a transition-metal bleach catalyst which is a complex of a transition-metal and a cross-bridged macropolycyclic ligand; and (b) at least about 0.1% of one or more laundry or cleaning adjunct materials, preferably comprising an oxygen bleaching agent. Preferred compositions are laundry compositions and automatic dishwashing detergents which provide enhanced cleaning/bleaching benefits through the use of such catalysts.

COMPOSITION FOR LAUNDRY OR CLEANING LAUNDRY INCLUDING A TRANSITIONAL METAL BLEACHING CATALYST AND AUXILIARY MATERIALS WITH BLEACHER.

La composicion para lavado de ropa o de limpieza comprende: (a)una cantidad catalíticamente efectiva, preferiblemente de 1 ppb a 99,9%, deun catalizador de blanqueo de metal de transicion y un ligando macropolicíclicocruzad o por puentes; y (b) al menos aproximadamente 0,1% deuno o más materiales auxiliares de lavado o limpieza, preferiblemente que comprenden un agente blanqueador a base de oxígeno. Las composicionespreferidas son composiciones para lavadode ropa y detergentes de lavado de vajilla automático la cual puede mejorar los beneficios de la limpieza /blanqueo a través del uso de catalizadores. Dicho ligando tiene por ejemplo la formula general: (I), aunque puede variar la denticidad ylos grup ossustituyentes. The laundry or cleaning composition comprises: (a) a catalytically effective amount, preferably from 1 ppb to 99.9%, of a transition metal bleach catalyst and a cross or bridged macropolycyclic ligand; and (b) at least about 0.1% of one or more washing or cleaning aids, preferably comprising an oxygen-based bleaching agent. The preferred compositions are compositions for laundry and automatic dishwashing detergents which can enhance the cleaning / bleaching benefits through the use of catalysts. Said ligand has, for example, the general formula: (I), although the length and the substituent groups may vary.

Process for preparing cross-bridged tetraaza macrocycles

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a cross-bridged tetraaza macrocyclic ligands having formula (I), wherein each R is independently C1-C22 linear alkyl, C1-C22 branched alkyl, C7-C22 alkylenearyl, C8-C22 alkyl substituted alkylenearyl, and mixtures thereof; each index n is independently from 0 to 3, by contacting the a di-quaternary cis tetracycle precursor with as little as one equivalent of a borohydride reducing agent. The present process eliminates the need to use up to a twenty fold excess of reducing agent thereby further eliminating the need for work-up conditions which liberate significant amounts of hydrogen gas and which requires the disposal of large amounts of boron waste products.

Transit system vehicle guideway constructed from modular elements and using magnetic levitation for suspension and propulsion vehicles

The networked guideway transit system uses materials and methods of constructing guideway elements. The materials and methods are designed to reduce the static weight, cost and physical size of the guideway structure. Installation cost is also significantly reduced by the modular nature of the guideway components, which can be manufactured in a controlled factory environment using mass production methods. As a result, the supporting structure of the guideway can be quickly erected and the modular blocks inserted with simple equipment. In addition, complex alignment procedures are not required. In particular, the guideway component includes motor coils having the shapes and configurations that facilitate the easy insertion of the guideway component without the need for interleaving coils in adjacent guideway components and without creating dead spots in the magnetic fields between guideway components.

Systems and methods for stabilizing emulsions

Provided herein are methods and compositions related to forming cross-links between surfactant molecules at an interface between dispersed phase partitions and a continuous phase in an emulsion, and uses of such cross-linked emulsions.

Process for preparing cross-bridged tetraaza macrocycles

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a cross-bridged tetraaza macrocyclic ligand having formula (I) wherein each R is independent ly C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl, -(CH2)xCO2M, and mixtures thereof; provided both of the R units are not methyl; M is hydrogen or a salt forming cation; x is from 1 to 6; each index n is independently from 0 to 3; by contacting a d i- quaternary cis tetracycle precursor with hydrogen in the presence of a palladium catalyst in an aqueous solution having a pH of at least about 10 a t a temperature of about 40 ~C to about 100 ~C.

AIRCRAFT LANDING GEAR ACCOMMODATION DOOR

TRAPPE DE LOGEMENT DE TRAIN D’ATTERRISSAGE D’AÉRONEF La présente invention concerne une trappe de logement de train d’atterrissage d’aéronef (140) comprenant un mécanisme d’attache approprié pour la fixation de manière pivotante de la trappe à un aéronef, un premier côté (141) prévu pour être orienté vers l’intérieur relativement au logement de train d’atterrissage d’aéronef lorsque la trappe est fermée et être orienté vers un côté d’une jambe principale du train d’atterrissage lorsque la trappe est ouverte et le train d’atterrissage est déployé, et un second côté (142) opposé. La forme créée par les premier et second côtés produit un profil aérodynamique de la trappe. L’invention concerne également un système de train d’atterrissage d’aéronef (100), un aéronef, des procédés de manœuvre d’un aéronef et un procédé de réduction de bruit. Figure accompagnant l’abrégé : Figure 3 The present invention relates to an aircraft landing gear housing door (140) comprising an attachment mechanism suitable for pivotally attaching the door to an aircraft, a first side (141) arranged to face inward relative to the aircraft landing gear housing when the door is closed and to face one side of a main landing gear leg when the door is closed open and the landing gear is deployed, and a second side (142) opposite. The shape created by the first and second sides produces an aerodynamic profile of the hatch. The invention also relates to an aircraft landing gear system (100), an aircraft, methods of maneuvering an aircraft and a noise reduction method. Figure accompanying abstract: Figure 3

USE OF GEMINAL DIPHOSPHONATES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A MEDICINAL PRODUCT.

TVAETTMEDELSKOMPOSITION, SOM INNEHAOLLER ETYLENDIAMIN-N, N'-DIBAERNSTENSSYRA.

Laundry detergent compositions containing a detergent surfactant, a detergent builder, and from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid or salts thereof are disclosed. These compositions provide enhanced removal of organic stains, such as food and beverage stains.

Transit system vehicle guideway constructed from modular elements and using magnetic levitation for suspension and propulsion of vehicles

Treatment of fabric articles

Methods and compositions to treat fabrics with lipophilic fluid and a hydrophobic chelant are provided by the present invention.

detergent composition

Laundry detergent compositions containing a detergent surfactant, a detergent builder, and from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid or salts thereof are disclosed. These compositions provide enhanced removal of organic stains, such as food and beverage stains.

Bleach compositions

The present invention relates to bleaching, pre-soak, pre-treatment, and laundry detergent compositions comprising: A) a catalytically effective amount of a transition-metal bleach catalyst which is a complex of a transition-metal and a cross-bridged macropolycyclic ligand, for example. 5,12-dimethyl-1,5,8,12-tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2] hexadecane manganese (II) chloride, having the formula: B) the balance carriers and other adjunct ingredients; provided said composition is substantially free of any organic or inorganic peroxygen compounds.

Bleach compositions

Laundry or cleaning composition comprising: (a) a catalytically effective amount, preferably from about 1 ppb to about 99.9%, of a transition-metal bleach catalyst which is a complex of a transition-metal and a cross-bridged macropolycyclic ligand; and (b) at least about 0.1% of one or more laundry or cleaning adjunct materials, preferably comprising an oxygen bleaching agent. Preferred compositions are laundry compositions and automatic dishwashing detergents which provide enhanced cleaning/bleaching benefits through the use of such catalysts.

bleach detergent composition.

COMPOSITIONS FOR AUTOMATIC DISHWASHERS THAT INCLUDE COBALT CATALYSTS.

SE PROPORCIONAN COMPOSICIONES BLANQUEADORAS QUE COMPRENDEN CIERTOS CATALIZADORES DE COBALTO QUE CONTIENEN CARBOXILATO. MAS ESPECIFICAMENTE, LA INVENCION SE REFIERE A DETERGENTES PARA LAVAVAJILLAS AUTOMATICOS Y COMPOSICIONES PARA EL LAVADO DE ROPA, QUE PROPORCIONAN VENTAJAS DE LIMPIEZA/BLANQUEADO (ESPECIALMENTE ELIMINACION DE LAS MANCHAS DE TE) MEDIANTE LA SELECCION DE CATALIZADORES DE COBALTO DE FORMULA: [CO(NH SUB,3}) SUB,N}M SUB,M}(B) SUB,B}]T SUB,Y}, DONDE EL COBALTO SE ENCUENTRA EN ESTADO DE OXIDACION +3; N ES 4 O 5 (PREFERIBLEMENTE 5); M ES UNO O MAS LIGANDOS COORDINADOS CON EL COBALTO POR UN SITIO; M ES 0, 1 O 2 (PREFERIBLEMENTE 1); B ES UN LIGANDO COORDINADO CON EL COBALTO A TRAVES DE DOS SITIOS; B ES 0 O 1 (PREFERIBLEMENTE 0), Y CUANDO B = 0, M + N = 6, Y CUANDO B = 1, M = 0 Y N = 4; Y T ES UNO O MAS CONTRAANIONES, SELECCIONADOS APROPIADAMENTE, PRESENTES EN UN NUMERO Y, SIENDO Y UN ENTERO, PARA OBTENER UNA SAL CON EQUILIBRIO DE CARGA (PREFERIBLEMENTE Y ESTA COMPRENDIDO ENTRE 1 Y 3;CON MAYOR PREFERENCIA ES 2 CUANDO T ES UN ION CON CARGA -1). DICHO CATALIZADOR TIENE UNA VELOCIDAD DE HIDROLISIS BASICA CONSTANTE, INFERIOR A 0,24 M SUP,-1} S SUP,-1} (25 (GRADOS) C). LAS COMPOSICIONES PARA LAVAVAJILLAS AUTOMATICOS PREFERIDAS COMPRENDEN AMILASA Y/O OTRAS ENZIMAS PROTEASAS. SE INCLUYEN METODOS PARA LAVAR VAJILLA EN DISPOSITIVOS LAVAVAJILLAS AUTOMATICOS, DOMESTICOS, UTILIZANDO LOS CATALIZADORES DE COBALTO DESCRITOS. WHITENING COMPOSITIONS THAT INCLUDE CERTAIN COBALT CATALYSTS CONTAINING CARBOXYLATE ARE PROVIDED. MORE SPECIFICALLY, THE INVENTION REFERS TO DETERGENTS FOR AUTOMATIC DISHWASHERS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR CLOTHING WASHING, WHICH PROVIDE ADVANTAGES OF CLEANING / WHITENING (SPECIFICALLY ELIMINATION OF THE TEETH SPOTS) THROUGH THE SELECTION OF CATALYST COALING [NHL COALIZER] SUB, 3}) SUB, N} M SUB, M} (B) SUB, B}] T SUB, Y}, WHERE THE COBALT IS IN OXIDATION STATUS +3; N ES 4 O 5 (PREFERIBLY 5); M IS ONE OR MORE LINKS COORDINATED WITH COBALT BY A SITE; M ES 0, 1 OR ...

Method for manufacturing cobalt catalysts

A method for manufacturing cobalt complexes having the formula: [Co(NH3)5M] Ty wherein M ligands are selected from substituted and unsubstituted C1-C30 carboxylic acids having the formula: RC(O)O-; said method comprising reacting cobalt complexes having the formula: [Co(NH3)5X] Ty (e.g., X is chlorine) with concentrated ammonium hydroxide followed by carboxylic acid anhydride of the formula: RC(O)O(O)CR.

BLEACH COMPOSITIONS

Pharmaceutical compositions containing geminal diphosphonates

Pharmaceutical compositions, useful for treating abnormal calcium and phosphate metabolism, which contain geminal-diphosphonic acid compounds; and a method of treating diseases characterized by abnormal calcium and phosphate metabolism utilizing these pharmaceutical compositions.

Bleach compositions

Laundry or cleaning composition comprising: (a) a catalytically effective amount, preferably from about 1 ppb to about 99.9%, of a transition-metal bleach catalyst which is a complex of a transition-metal and a cross-bridged macropolycyclic ligand; and (b) at least about 0.1% of one or more laundry or cleaning adjunct materials, preferably comprising an oxygen bleaching agent. Preferred compositions are laundry compositions and automatic dishwashing detergents which provide enhanced cleaning/bleaching benefits through the use of such catalysts.

Method for manufacturing cobalt catalysts

A method for manufacturing cobalt complexes having the formula: [Co(NH3)5M]Ty, wherein M ligands are selected from substituted and unsubstituted C1-C30 carboxylic acids having the formulas: RC(O)O-; said method comprising reacting cobalt (II) complexes having the formula [Co(H2O)6] Ty (e.g., T is chloride) with concentrated ammonium hydroxide/ammonium chloride, followed by an oxidizing agent (e.g., peroxide), followed by carboxylic acid anhydride of the formula RC(O)O(O)CR.

Treatment of fabric articles

Methods and compositions to treat fabrics with lipophilic fluid and a hydrophobic chelant are provided by the present invention.

Automatic dishwashing compositions comprising cobalt catalysts

Automatic dishwashing detergent compositions comprising certain cobalt catalysts are provided. More specifically, the invention relates to automatic dishwashing detergents which provide enhanced cleaning/bleaching benefits (especially tea stain removal) through the selection of cobalt bleach catalyst having the formula:[Co(NH3)n(M)m(B)b]Tywherein cobalt is in the +3 oxidation state; n is 4 or 5 (preferably 5); M is one or more ligands coordinated to the cobalt by one site; m is 0, 1 or 2 (preferably 1); B is a ligand coordinated to the cobalt by two sites; b is 0 or 1 (preferably 0), and when b=0, then m+n=6, and when b=l, then m=0 and n=4; and T is one or more appropriately selected counteranions present in a number y, where y is an integer to obtain a charge-balanced salt (preferably y is 1 to 3; most preferably 2 when T is a -1 charged anion); and wherein further said catalyst has a base hydrolysis rate constant of less than 0.23 M-1 s-1 (25 DEG C.). Preferred automatic dishwashing compositions comprise amylase and/or protease enzymes. Included are methods for washing tableware in domestic automatic dishwashing appliances using the cobalt catalysts.

Cationic detergent compounds