DEVICE FOR UV-LED LIQUID MONITORING AND TREATMENT

A treatment device includes a base having a battery, a UV-LED for providing UV-C light during a UV sterilization process, LEDs for providing visible light during the UV sterilization process, and a controller for initiating the UV sterilization process, a translucent ring on the base for receiving the visible light from the LEDs and outputting it to the user, a first coupling structure on the base, a UV transmissive material above the UV-LED module, and a water storage removably coupled to the base having a sidewall structure for confining water, a second coupling structure below the sidewall structure for coupling with the first coupling structure to thereby create a water-tight seal between the water storage and the base, and a translucent material disposed upon the top opening of the water storage for receiving the visible light from the LEDs and outputting it to the user. 1. A water treatment device comprises: a power source;', 'a UV-LED module electrically coupled to the power source, wherein the UV-LED module is configured to provide UV-C band light;', 'a plurality of LEDs electrically coupled to the power source, wherein the plurality of LEDs are configured to provide visible light; and', 'a processor electrically coupled to the power source, the UV-LED module, and to the plurality of LEDs, wherein the processor is configured to specify parameters for power from the power source to the UV-LED module to the power source, wherein the processor is configured to specify parameters for power from the power source to the plurality of LEDs;, 'a base housing comprisinga visual indicator portion disposed on a first top portion the base housing and optically coupled to the plurality of LEDs, wherein the visual indicator portion is configured to receive the visible light from the plurality of LEDs and is configured to provide at least a portion of the visible light outwards in a radial direction;a first physical coupling structure disposed on a second top portion of the ...

UV LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES AND SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCTION

A method of fabricating an ultraviolet (UV) light emitting device includes receiving a UV transmissive substrate, forming a first UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride upon the UV transmissive substrate using a first deposition technique at a temperature less than about 800 degrees Celsius or greater than about 1200 degrees Celsius, forming a second UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride upon the first UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride using a second deposition technique that is different from the first deposition technique, at a temperature within a range of about 800 degrees Celsius to about 1200 degrees Celsius, forming an n-type layer comprising aluminum gallium nitride layer upon the second UV transmissive layer, forming one or more quantum well structures comprising aluminum gallium nitride upon the n-type layer, and forming a p-type nitride layer upon the one or more quantum well structures.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DISPENSING UV TREATED MATERIALS

A device for providing treated materials includes a storage portion comprising an enclosed region with sidewalls, an input portion and UV-LEDs, wherein the enclosed region stores material and includes a UV-responsive material, wherein the input portion receives the material, wherein the UV-LEDs provide UV-A illumination range within the enclosed region and the UV-responsive material inhibits contaminant formation upon the sidewalls in response to the UV-A illumination, and a material treatment portion having sidewalls, UV-LEDs and an output portion, wherein the sidewalls are configured to reflect UV light, wherein material treatment portion receives the material from the storage portion, wherein the UV-LEDs provide UV-B and/or UV-C illumination to treat or sanitize the material within the material treatment portion, and wherein the output portion is for providing output of the treated material. 1. A device for providing treated materials comprising:a material storage portion comprising an enclosed region having sidewalls, an input portion and at least one first UV-LED, wherein the enclosed region is for storing material, wherein a UV-responsive material is disposed upon the sidewalls, wherein the input portion is for receiving the material, wherein the first UV-LED is for providing UV illumination, wherein the UV-responsive material inhibits contaminant formation upon the sidewalls in response to the UV illumination; anda material treatment portion coupled to the material storage portion, wherein the material treatment portion comprises a treatment region having sidewalls, an input portion, at least one second UV-LED and an output portion, wherein the sidewalls are configured to reflect UV light, wherein the input portion is for receiving the material from the material storage portion, wherein the second UV-LED is for providing UV-B and/or UV-C illumination within the UV-B and/or UV-C frequency range to material within the material treatment portion, wherein the ...

ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT SOURCE AND METHODS

A method for a hand-held device comprising illuminating, with a first UV LED associated with the hand-held device, a surface of an object with UV light, acquiring with a visible-light image sensor on the hand-held device, a first image of the surface of the object while the surface of the object is illuminated by the first UV LED, performing with the processor in the hand-held device, a function upon the first image to determine a type of contaminant disposed upon the surface of the object, determining with the processor in the hand-held device, sanitation techniques to perform in response to the type of contaminant that is determined, and displaying with a touch-screen display on the hand-held device, the sanitation techniques to the user.

UV-LED LIQUID MONITORING AND TREATMENT APPARATUS AND METHOD

A storage container includes an input portion for receiving and filtering a source liquid to form an output liquid, a storage portion for storing the filtered liquid, and a base portion disposed below the storage portion including a UV light source for providing transmitted UV light to the filtered liquid, a UV light detector disposed an optical path length away from the UV light source for detecting received UV light through the filtered liquid in response to the transmitted UV light, a processor for determining an absorption or a transmission percentage in response to the transmitted UV light and the received UV light, for determining a safe condition, in response to the absorption or the transmission percentage respectively not exceeding or exceeding predetermined criteria, and one or more indicators for indicating that the liquid is safe for consumption to a user, in response to the safe condition. 1. A method for a liquid treatment device comprises:determining first optical analysis data in response to input liquid provided to an input portion of the liquid treatment device;storing in a memory, the first optical analysis data;treating with a liquid treatment portion of the liquid treatment device, the input liquid to form treated liquid;determining second optical analysis data in response to the treated liquid;determining with a processor, whether the second optical analysis data exceeds or does not exceed predetermined standards data;determining with the processor, a safe signal, in response to the second optical analysis data exceeding the predetermined standards data; andoutputting a first visual indication to a user that the treated liquid is safe for consumption, in response to the safe signal.2. The method of further comprising:determining with a processor, an unsafe signal, in response to the second optical analysis data not exceeding the predetermined standards data;outputting a second visual indication to the user that the treated liquid is unsafe for ...

ON-DEMAND MEDICAL DEVICE STERILIZATION DEVICE AND METHODS

A portable medical sanitation device includes a power source, a solid-state UV light source for outputting UV light (e.g. within the UV-C band), a controller for directing the plurality of solid-state UV light sources to output UV light, a sterilization chamber comprising a cavity having side-walls having the solid-state UV light source coupled thereto, wherein the sterilization chamber is configured to receive UV light from the plurality of solid-state UV light sources, and wherein the side-walls are configured to reflect UV light incident thereto, and a housing configured to contain the power source, the plurality of solid-state UV light sources, the controller and the sterilization chamber. 1. A portable medical sanitation device comprising:a power source;a plurality of solid-state UV light sources coupled to the power source, wherein the plurality of solid-state UV light sources are configured to output UV light within the UV-C frequency band;a controller coupled to the power source and to the plurality of solid-state UV light sources, wherein the controller is configured to direct the plurality of solid-state UV light sources to output UV light;a sterilization chamber coupled to the plurality of solid-state UV light sources, wherein the sterilization chamber comprises a cavity having side-walls, wherein the sterilization chamber is configured to receive UV light within the UV-C frequency band from the plurality of solid-state UV light sources, and wherein the side-walls are configured to reflect UV light incident thereto; anda housing configured to contain the power source, the plurality of solid-state UV light sources, the controller and the sterilization chamber.2. The device of further comprising:a memory coupled to the controller, wherein the memory is configured to store an sanitation time or an exposure duration associated with the plurality of solid-state UV light sources outputting UV light;wherein the controller is configured to determine the ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR UV-LED LIQUID MONITORING AND TREATMENT

An water providing apparatus includes a input portion for receiving untreated water, a treatment portion for treating and outputting treated water having a UV treatment module for reducing pathogens, a filtering mechanism for reducing physical and chemical impurities, a UV analysis module for determining levels of the impurities in the untreated water and for determining levels of impurities in the treated water, a processing unit for determining whether the levels of impurities in the treated water exceed a threshold, a reporting module for outputting the levels of the impurities in the untreated and treated water to a remote monitoring service, and a water output portion for providing the treated water if safe, and for inhibiting output of the treated water if unsafe. 1. An apparatus for providing water comprises:a water input portion configured to receive untreated water;a water treatment portion configured to receive the untreated water and to output treated water comprising:a filtering mechanism configured to reduce the chemical impurities in the untreated water;an analysis module configured to determine initial optical properties of the untreated water and to determine treated optical properties of the treated water;a processing unit coupled to the UV analysis module, wherein the processing unit is configured to determine whether the initial optical properties of the untreated water exceed at least one threshold and to provide an impurity signal in response thereto, and configured to determine UV output parameters in response to the initial optical properties of the untreated water;a UV treatment module coupled to the processing unit, wherein the UV treatment module is configured to provide UV light to the in response to the UV output parameters; anda reporting module coupled to the processing unit, wherein the reporting module is configured to output the initial optical properties of the untreated water and the treated optical properties of the treated water ...

DEVICE FOR UV-LED LIQUID MONITORING AND TREATMENT

A liquid treatment device includes a base with a power source, a UV-LED module for providing UV-B or UV-C light to liquid, an LED for providing visible light, and a processor for selectively powering the UV-LED module and the LED, and having a UV transmissive material above the UV-LED module for allowing the UV-B or UV-C band light from the UV-LED module to be transmitted from the base housing, and a liquid storage housing removably coupled to the base housing with a storage portion configured to hold liquid and having a bottom portion comprising a UV transmissive material for allowing the UV-B or UV-C band light from the UV-LED module to be transmitted into the liquid, and an output coupled for restricting outflow of the liquid from the storage portion.

UV LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES AND SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCTION

A method of fabricating an ultraviolet (UV) light emitting device includes receiving a UV transmissive substrate, forming a first UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride upon the UV transmissive substrate using a first deposition technique at a temperature less than about 800 degrees Celsius or greater than about 1200 degrees Celsius, forming a second UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride upon the first UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride using a second deposition technique that is different from the first deposition technique, at a temperature within a range of about 800 degrees Celsius to about 1200 degrees Celsius, forming an n-type layer comprising aluminum gallium nitride layer upon the second UV transmissive layer, forming one or more quantum well structures comprising aluminum gallium nitride upon the n-type layer, and forming a p-type nitride layer upon the one or more quantum well structures. 1. A method of fabricating an ultraviolet (UV) light emitting device comprising:receiving a UV transmissive substrate; forming a first UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride upon the UV transmissive substrate using a first deposition technique at a temperature less than about 800 degrees Celsius or greater than about 1200 degrees Celsius; and', 'forming a second UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride upon the first UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride using a second deposition technique that is different from the first deposition technique, at a temperature within a range of about 800 degrees Celsius to about 1200 degrees Celsius; and, 'forming a UV transmissive layer upon the UV transmissive substrate, comprising forming an n-type layer comprising aluminum gallium nitride layer upon the UV transmissive layer;', 'forming one or more quantum well structures comprising aluminum gallium nitride upon the n-type layer; and', 'forming a p-type nitride layer upon the one or more quantum well structures., ' ...

UV LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES AND SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCTION

A method of fabricating an ultraviolet (UV) light emitting device includes receiving a UV transmissive substrate, forming a first UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride upon the UV transmissive substrate using a first deposition technique at a temperature less than about 800 degrees Celsius or greater than about 1200 degrees Celsius, forming a second UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride upon the first UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride using a second deposition technique that is different from the first deposition technique, at a temperature within a range of about 800 degrees Celsius to about 1200 degrees Celsius, forming an n-type layer comprising aluminum gallium nitride layer upon the second UV transmissive layer, forming one or more quantum well structures comprising aluminum gallium nitride upon the n-type layer, and forming a p-type nitride layer upon the one or more quantum well structures. 1. A method of fabricating an ultraviolet (UV) light emitting device comprising:receiving a UV transmissive substrate; forming a first UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride upon the UV transmissive substrate using a first deposition technique at a temperature less than about 800 degrees Celsius or greater than about 1200 degrees Celsius; and', 'forming a second UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride upon the first UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride using a second deposition technique that is different from the first deposition technique, at a temperature within a range of about 800 degrees Celsius to about 1200 degrees Celsius; and, 'forming a UV transmissive layer upon the UV transmissive substrate, comprising forming an n-type layer comprising aluminum gallium nitride layer upon the UV transmissive layer using a technique selected from a group consisting of: physical vapor deposition (PVD), sputtering, RF sputtering, Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD), Magnetron sputtering and hydride vapor phase ...

Ultraviolet light source and methods

A method for a smart-device comprising receiving a user selection of an icon on a display, initiating acquisition of a first image of a target surface using a camera in response to receiving the selection, directing power to an UV-LED disposed proximate to the camera, wherein the power is provided to the UV-LEDs for less than about 0.5 seconds, while power is provided to the UV-LED, initiating acquisition of a second image of a target surface using the camera, determining an image visually highlighting a contaminant on the target surface in response to the first and second images, determining an object type associated with the target surface, in response to the first image, determining geographic data, and storing the image, the object type, and the geographic data in a memory.

ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT SOURCE AND METHODS

A method for a hand-held device comprising illuminating, with a first UV LED associated with the hand-held device, a surface of an object with UV light, acquiring with a visible-light image sensor on the hand-held device, a first image of the surface of the object while the surface of the object is illuminated by the first UV LED, performing with the processor in the hand-held device, a function upon the first image to determine a type of contaminant disposed upon the surface of the object, determining with the processor in the hand-held device, sanitation techniques to perform in response to the type of contaminant that is determined, and displaying with a touch-screen display on the hand-held device, the sanitation techniques to the user. 1. A method for a hand-held device comprising:illuminating, with a first UV LED associated with the hand-held device, a surface of an object with UV light;acquiring with a visible-light image sensor on the hand-held device, a first image of the surface of the object while the surface of the object is illuminated by the first UV LED;performing with the processor in the hand-held device, a function upon the first image to determine a type of contaminant disposed upon the surface of the object;determining with the processor in the hand-held device, sanitation techniques to perform in response to the type of contaminant that is determined, wherein the sanitation techniques includes UV LED exposure settings and user instructions;displaying with a touch-screen display on the hand-held device, the user instructions to the user and a UV illumination icon;receiving with the touch-screen display on the hand-held device, a user selection of the UV illumination icon; andilluminating, with a second UV LED associated with the hand-held device, the surface of the object with UV light to modify the contaminant disposed upon the surface of the object, in response to the UV light exposure settings and the user selection of the UV illumination icon ...

Device for uv-led liquid monitoring and treatment

A liquid treatment device includes a base with a power source, a UV-LED module for providing UV-B or UV-C light to liquid, an LED for providing visible light, and a processor for selectively powering the UV-LED module and the LED, and having a UV transmissive material above the UV-LED module for allowing the UV-B or UV-C band light from the UV-LED module to be transmitted from the base housing, and a liquid storage housing removably coupled to the base housing with a storage portion configured to hold liquid and having a bottom portion comprising a UV transmissive material for allowing the UV-B or UV-C band light from the UV-LED module to be transmitted into the liquid, and an output coupled for restricting outflow of the liquid from the storage portion.

Ultraviolet light source and methods

A method for a hand-held device comprising illuminating, with a first UV LED associated with the hand-held device, a surface of an object with UV light, acquiring with a visible-light image sensor on the hand-held device, a first image of the surface of the object while the surface of the object is illuminated by the first UV LED, performing with the processor in the hand-held device, a function upon the first image to determine a type of contaminant disposed upon the surface of the object, determining with the processor in the hand-held device, sanitation techniques to perform in response to the type of contaminant that is determined, and displaying with a touch-screen display on the hand-held device, the sanitation techniques to the user.

Uv-led liquid monitoring and treatment apparatus and method

A storage container includes an input portion for receiving and filtering a source liquid to form an output liquid, a storage portion for storing the filtered liquid, and a base portion disposed below the storage portion including a UV light source for providing transmitted UV light to the filtered liquid, a UV light detector disposed an optical path length away from the UV light source for detecting received UV light through the filtered liquid in response to the transmitted UV light, a processor for determining an absorption or a transmission percentage in response to the transmitted UV light and the received UV light, for determining a safe condition, in response to the absorption or the transmission percentage respectively not exceeding or exceeding predetermined criteria, and one or more indicators for indicating that the liquid is safe for consumption to a user, in response to the safe condition.

LIQUID SANITATION DEVICE AND METHOD

A method for a water bottle comprising, coupling a cap to bottle housing such that an interior of the water bottle and the cap form a water-tight region, receiving a button push on the cap, determining with a light sensor whether visible light is present in a vicinity of a UV LED light source disposed within the cap, in response to the push of the button, initiating providing with a UV LED light source UV light to the interior in response to the push of the button and in response to absence of the visible light within the vicinity of the UV LED light source, and inhibiting providing with the UV light to the interior after a period of time after the initiating providing UV light to the interior or in response to determining the visible light being present in the vicinity of the UV LED light source. 1. A portable hand-held device configured to store liquids comprising:a liquid storage portion comprising an exterior surface and an interior surface, wherein the interior surface forms a water-tight region configured to store liquids, and wherein the interior surface comprises a material configured to reflect ultraviolet light; and a power source configured to provide operating power;', 'a UV LED light source coupled to the power source and configured to selectively provide UV light, wherein the UV LED light source is proximal to the cap such that the UV light is directed to the water-tight region when the cap seals the water-tight region;', 'a button coupled to the power source, wherein the button is configured to receive a user selection;', 'a processor coupled to the power source, the UV LED light source and to the button, wherein the processor is configured to direct the UV LED light source to provide the UV light in response to the user selection., 'a cap coupled to the liquid storage portion, wherein the cap is configured to releasably seal the water-tight region, wherein the cap comprises2. The device ofwherein the cap further comprises a position sensor coupled to ...

UV LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES AND SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCTION

A method of fabricating an ultraviolet (UV) light emitting device includes receiving a UV transmissive substrate, forming a first UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride upon the UV transmissive substrate using a first deposition technique at a temperature less than about 800 degrees Celsius or greater than about 1200 degrees Celsius, forming a second UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride upon the first UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride using a second deposition technique that is different from the first deposition technique, at a temperature within a range of about 800 degrees Celsius to about 1200 degrees Celsius, forming an n-type layer comprising aluminum gallium nitride layer upon the second UV transmissive layer, forming one or more quantum well structures comprising aluminum gallium nitride upon the n-type layer, and forming a p-type nitride layer upon the one or more quantum well structures. 1. An ultraviolet (UV) light emitting device comprising:a UV transmissive substrate;a first UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride disposed upon the first UV transmissive layer, wherein the first UV transmissive layer is characterized by a first defect density;a second UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride disposed upon the first UV transmissive layer, wherein the second UV transmissive layer is characterized by a second defect density, and wherein the first defect density is higher than the second defect density;an n-type layer comprising aluminum gallium nitride disposed upon the UV transmissive layer;one or more light emitting structures disposed upon the n-type layer; anda p-type layer comprising nitride material disposed upon the one or more light emitting structures.2. The UV device of wherein the first UV transmissive layer and the second UV transmissive layer together has a thickness within a range within about 100 nm to about 3 microns.3. The UV device of wherein the UV transmissive layer has a ...

Baby feeding product sterilization device and methods

A portable baby bottle sterilization device includes a housing having disposed therein an inner lining defining a bottle sterilization cavity, wherein the bottle sterilization cavity includes an opening, and wherein the inner lining is configured to receive one or more baby bottles therein through the opening, a power source, a plurality of UV LEDs coupled to the power source and to the inner lining, wherein the plurality of UV LED configured to provide UV-C light within the bottle sterilization cavity, and a processor coupled to the power source and to the plurality of UV LEDs, wherein the processor is configured to control intensity and duration of the UV-C light within the bottle sterilization cavity, and a cover coupled to the housing, wherein the cover is repositionable relative to the housing, wherein the cover can be positioned to removably cover the opening of the bottle sterilization cavity.

Monitoring and performance management system for a network of smart filtering containers

System that monitors and manages a network of smart filtering containers, such as water pitchers with integrated sensors. Measurements are collected from the containers and forwarded to a centralized system, such as an Internet server; data may be analyzed to determine performance modifications or recommendations for selected containers. Centralizing the data enables discovery of patterns and correlations across containers; for example, abnormal measurements from multiple pitchers in an area may suggest contamination of the area's water supply. The centralized system may automatically update settings of containers to optimize their performance. It may send messages to users suggesting different usage patterns or configurations. It may automatically order components such as replacement filters or upgrades. A water testing capability may also be provided; users may be sent water test strips that can be imaged using an associated mobile device app, and results may be forwarded to the central database for analysis.

Device and method for an integral bypass diode in a solar cell

Ein Solarbauelement, das Folgendes aufweist: ein Substrat; eine Mehrfachübergangs-Solarzellenstruktur mit wenigstens ersten, zweiten und dritten Subzellen, die über dem Substrat abgeschieden sind; eine seitliche Leitungsschicht, die wenigstens über einem Teil der Mehrfachübergangs-Solarzellenstruktur abgeschieden ist; und eine Bypassdiode mit p-Typ-, i-Typ- und n-Typ-Schichten, die über der seitlichen Leitungsschicht abgeschieden sind. A solar device comprising: a substrate; a multi-junction solar cell structure having at least first, second and third sub-cells deposited over the substrate; a side conductive layer deposited over at least a portion of the multiple junction solar cell structure; and a bypass diode having p-type, i-type, and n-type layers deposited over the side wiring layer.

An apparatus and method for integral bypass diode in solar cells

Point-to-multipoint high definition multimedia transmitter and receiver

A high definition video transmitter and receiver are disclosed. The transmitter provides high definition video to a one-point receiver or to multipoint receivers. The transmission network is asynchronous and the receiver re-synchronizes the video. The transmission can be wired or wireless.

Method of fabricating a multijunction solar cell with a bypass diode having an intrisis layer

A solar cell having a multijunction solar cell structure with a bypass diode is disclosed. The bypass diode provides a reverse bias protection for the multijunction solar cell structure. In one embodiment, the multijunction solar cell structure includes a substrate, a bottom cell, a middle cell, a top cell, a bypass diode, a lateral conduction layer, and a shunt. The lateral conduction layer is deposited over the top cell. The bypass diode is deposited over the lateral conduction layer. One side of the shunt is connected to the substrate and another side of the shunt is connected to the lateral conduction layer. In another embodiment, the bypass diode contains an i-layer to enhance the diode performance.

An apparatus and method for integral bypass diode in solar cells

Point-to-multipoint high definition multimedia transmitter and receiver

A high definition video transmitter and receiver are disclosed. The transmitter provides high definition video to a one-point receiver or to multipoint receivers. The transmission network is asynchronous and the receiver re-synchronizes the video. The transmission can be wired or wireless.

VCSEL semiconductor with ESD and EOS protection

A design device and method of manufacturing a vertical cavity surface emitting laser with a visual indicator for determining exposure to electrostatic discharge (ESD) or electrical overstress (EOS). Either an on-chip or off-chip fuse used in series or in parallel with the VCSEL that provides a visual indicator that the device has been subjected to an ESD or EOS event.

Ultraviolet light source and methods

A UV illumination method includes moving a UV peripheral separate from a smart device to location associated with a plurality of target surfaces, selecting a UV illumination application executing upon the smart device, selecting an icon from within the UV illumination application, sending via a wireless communication mechanism of the smart device to the UV peripheral, instructions to turn on a UV light disposed in the UV peripheral in response to the selection of the icon, receiving via a wireless communication mechanism disposed in the UV peripheral, the instructions to turn on the UV light, illuminating, with the UV light within the UV peripheral, sanitizing UV light to the plurality of target surfaces other than surfaces of the smart device in response to the instructions, and thereafter terminating illuminating, with the UV light within the UV peripheral, the sanitizing UV light from the plurality of target surfaces.

UV light emitting devices and systems and methods for production

A method of fabricating an ultraviolet (UV) light emitting device includes receiving a UV transmissive substrate, forming a first UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride upon the UV transmissive substrate using a first deposition technique at a temperature less than about 800 degrees Celsius or greater than about 1200 degrees Celsius, forming a second UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride upon the first UV transmissive layer comprising aluminum nitride using a second deposition technique that is different from the first deposition technique, at a temperature within a range of about 800 degrees Celsius to about 1200 degrees Celsius, forming an n-type layer comprising aluminum gallium nitride layer upon the second UV transmissive layer, forming one or more quantum well structures comprising aluminum gallium nitride upon the n-type layer, and forming a p-type nitride layer upon the one or more quantum well structures.

Ultraviolet light source and methods

A method for a hand-held device comprising illuminating, with a first UV LED associated with the hand-held device, a surface of an object with UV light, acquiring with a visible-light image sensor on the hand-held device, a first image of the surface of the object while the surface of the object is illuminated by the first UV LED, performing with the processor in the hand-held device, a function upon the first image to determine a type of contaminant disposed upon the surface of the object, determining with the processor in the hand-held device, sanitation techniques to perform in response to the type of contaminant that is determined, and displaying with a touch-screen display on the hand-held device, the sanitation techniques to the user.

Ultraviolet light source and methods

A method for a smart-device comprising receiving a user selection of an icon on a display, initiating acquisition of a first image of a target surface using a camera in response to receiving the selection, directing power to an UV-LED disposed proximate to the camera, wherein the power is provided to the UV-LEDs for less than about 0.5 seconds, while power is provided to the UV-LED, initiating acquisition of a second image of a target surface using the camera, determining an image visually highlighting a contaminant on the target surface in response to the first and second images, determining an object type associated with the target surface, in response to the first image, determining geographic data, and storing the image, the object type, and the geographic data in a memory.