MULTIMODE OPTICAL FIBERS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF

The present invention generally relates to the field of fiber optics, and more specifically to optical fibers, methods of manufacturing optical fibers, and methods of classifying optical fibers. In an embodiment, the present invention is a multimode optical fiber which comprises a core and clad material system where the refractive indices of the core and cladding are selected to minimize chromatic dispersion in the 850 nm wavelength window and the refractive index profile is optimized for minimum modal-chromatic dispersion in channels utilizing VCSEL transceivers. Multimode optical fibers according to this embodiment may have increased channel bandwidth. 2. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said at least one dopant reduces a magnitude of chromatic dispersion within said single wavelength operating window to less than 89 picoseconds per nanometer wavelength change and kilometer propagation distance (ps/nm-km).3. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said at least one dopant comprises at least one of boron trioxide and phosphorus pentoxide.4. The multimode optical fiber of claim 3 , wherein a concentration of said boron trioxide is less than 15 mole %; and wherein a concentration of said phosphorus pentoxide is less than 10 mole %.5. The multimode optical fiber of claim 3 , wherein said cladding comprises fluorine.6. The multimode optical fiber of claim 5 , wherein a concentration of said fluorine is less than 8 mole %.8. The multimode optical fiber of claim 7 , wherein said αcomprises αand δα such that:{'br': None, 'sub': mc', 'opt, 'α=α−δα,'}{'sub': 'opt', 'wherein said αcompensates for said modal dispersion with said single wavelength operating window and said δα compensates for said chromatic dispersion with said single wavelength operating window, and'}{'sub': 'opt', 'wherein said αis greater than 1.65 and less than 1.85, and said δα is greater than 0.005 and less than 0.025.'}10. The multimode optical fiber of claim 9 , wherein said αis ...

Multimode Optical Fiber and Methods of Manufacturing Thereof

The present invention generally relates to the field of fiber optics, and more particularly, to apparatuses, systems, and methods directed towards improving effective modal bandwidth within a fiber optic communication environment. In an embodiment, a multimode optical fiber in accordance with the present invention comprises a core and cladding material system where the refractive indices of the core and cladding are selected to modify the shape of the profile dispersion parameter, y, as a function of wavelength in such a way that the alpha parameter (a-parameter), which defines the refractive index profile, produces negative relative group delays over a broad range of wavelengths. The new shape of the profile dispersion parameter departs from traditional fibers where the profile dispersion parameter monotonically decreases around the selected wavelength that maximizes the effective modal bandwidth (EMB). 1. A multimode optical fiber (MMF) for operating within a spectral window , said MMF comprising:a cladding; anda core, said core having a radius a and a refractive index profile, said core comprising at least one dopant, a concentration of said at least one dopant varying between a center or said core and a,{'sub': 'p', 'wherein said spectral windows is defined by an overlapping range of wavelengths (1) at which said MMF has an effective modal bandwidth (EMB) equal to or above a predefined minimum with one of a peak EMB or a minimum EMB occurring at wavelength λwhich is less than a maximum wavelength of said spectral window and (2) at which a differential mode delay (DMD) plot of said MMF exhibits a shift to the left of its higher order modes relative to its lower order modes,'}wherein said DMD plot is measured by launching a plurality of optical pulses into one end of said core at various radial distances r and observing an arrival of said optical pulses at another end of said core at said various radial distances r to determine a velocity of any one of said ...

Multimode optical fiber and methods of manufacturing thereof

The present invention generally relates to the field of fiber optics, and more particularly, to apparatuses, systems, and methods directed towards improving effective modal bandwidth within a fiber optic communication environment. In an embodiment, a multimode optical fiber in accordance with the present invention comprises a core and cladding material system where the refractive indices of the core and cladding are selected to modify the shape of the profile dispersion parameter, y, as a function of wavelength in such a way that the alpha parameter (α-parameter), which defines the refractive index profile, produces negative relative group delays over a broad range of wavelengths. The new shape of the profile dispersion parameter departs from traditional fibers where the profile dispersion parameter monotonically decreases around the selected wavelength that maximizes the effective modal bandwidth (EMB).

Multimode optical fiber and methods of use and design thereof

The present invention relates generally to multimode optical fibers (MMFs) and methods for optimizing said MMFs for transmission for at least two optical wavelengths. In an embodiment, the present invention is a multimode optical fiber optimized for multi-wavelength transmission in communication systems utilizing VCSEL transceivers, where the MMF has a bandwidth designed to maximize channel reach for multiple wavelengths, and/or where the MMF minimizes for wavelength dependent optical power penalties at one or more wavelength.

Optical fibers and methods associated therewith

Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to the field of fiber optics, and more specifically to apparatuses, methods, and/or systems associated with testing fiber optic transmitters. In an embodiment, the present invention is an apparatus comprising a laser optimized multimode fiber having near minimally compliant effective modal bandwidth, near maximum channel length, and α-profile that produces an R-MMF DMD slope.

Multimode optical fibers and methods of manufacture thereof

The present invention generally relates to the field of fiber optics, and more specifically to optical fibers, methods of manufacturing optical fibers, and methods of classifying optical fibers. In an embodiment, the present invention is a multimode optical fiber which comprises a core and clad material system where the refractive indices of the core and cladding are selected to minimize chromatic dispersion in the 850 nm wavelength window and the refractive index profile is optimized for minimum modal-chromatic dispersion in channels utilizing VCSEL transceivers. Multimode optical fibers according to this embodiment may have increased channel bandwidth.

Mass Spectrometer

A method of searching for potentially unknown metabolites of pharmaceutical compounds is disclosed. The accurate mass of a pharmaceutical compound will generally be known and can be rendered in the form of an integer nominal mass or mass to charge ratio component and a decimal mass or mass to charge ratio component. Possible metabolites are searched for on the basis of having a decimal mass or mass to charge ratio component which is substantially very similar to the decimal mass or mass to charge ratio of the parent pharmaceutical compound. 162-. (canceled)63. A method of mass spectrometry comprising:searching mass data or a mass spectrum for ions having a decimal mass or mass to charge ratio component that falls within a decimal mass or mass to charge ratio window; andselecting ions of potential interest for further analysis by virtue of the fact that the decimal mass or mass to charge ratio components of the ions falls within the decimal mass or mass to charge ratio window,wherein a profile of the decimal mass or mass to charge ration window varies as a function of ΔM, wherein ΔM is the difference in the accurate mass or mass to charge ratio between that of a first substance or ion and a second substance or ion.64. The method of claim 63 , wherein selecting the ions of potential interest for further analysis comprises fragmenting the ions of potential interest.65. The method of claim 64 , further comprising mass analyzing the resulting fragment product ions to obtain a mass spectrum of the fragment product ions.66. The method of claim 63 , wherein the first substance or ion comprises or relates to a pharmaceutical compound claim 63 , drug or active component.67. The method of claim 63 , wherein the second substance or ion comprises or relates to a metabolite or derivative of the first substance or ion.68. The method of claim 63 , wherein selecting ions of potential interest comprises filtering out claim 63 , attenuating claim 63 , removing claim 63 , or reducing ...

CONFOCAL RAINBOW VOLUME HOLOGRAPHIC IMAGING SYSTEM

A confocal rainbow holographic imaging system and hologram fabrication method. The system employs a multi-spectral light source, a multiple grating volume hologram and a dual pass illumination and imaging pathway which provide for depth sectioning of an object, coverage of the full FOV of the system, and high lateral and depth resolution. Dual matched holograms are used to provide a high image contrast ratio. A method for fabricating the holograms employ a novel combination of design tools is also provided. 1. A holographic imaging system , comprising:a volume hologram having a front and a back and at least one diffraction grating formed therein;an objective lens having a front and a back and being disposed in front of the hologram so as to perform an optical transformation between a point on a surface in front of the objective lens corresponding to said diffraction grating and a beam propagating between the back of the objective lens and the front of the hologram;a collection lens having a front and a back and being disposed in back of the hologram so as to perform an optical transformation from beam propagating from the back of the hologram to the front of the collection lens and to a point in back of the collection lens; anda multi-spectral illuminator disposed with respect to the hologram so as to provide an illumination beam of light coupled to the back of the hologram to produce multiple diffracted beams of light at the front of the hologram corresponding wavelengths of light in the illumination beam which are focused by the objective lens to respective different positions on the surface in front of the objective lens corresponding to said diffraction grating.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a beam splitter disposed between the back of the hologram and the illuminator so as to direct light from the illuminator toward the back of the hologram and to direct light from the back of the hologram to the collection lens.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein ...

Mass Spectrometry

A method of searching for potentially unknown metabolites of pharmaceutical compounds is disclosed. The accurate mass of a pharmaceutical compound will generally be known and can be rendered in the form of an integer nominal mass or mass to charge ratio component and a decimal mass or mass to charge ratio component. Possible metabolites are searched for on the basis of having a decimal mass or mass to charge ratio component which is substantially very similar to the decimal mass or mass to charge ratio of the parent pharmaceutical compound.

Multimode Optical Fiber and Methods of Manufacturing Thereof

The present invention generally relates to the field of fiber optics, and more particularly, to apparatuses, systems, and methods directed towards improving effective modal bandwidth within a fiber optic communication environment. In an embodiment, a multimode optical fiber in accordance with the present invention comprises a core and cladding material system where the refractive indices of the core and cladding are selected to modify the shape of the profile dispersion parameter, y, as a function of wavelength in such a way that the alpha parameter (α-parameter), which defines the refractive index profile, produces negative relative group delays over a broad range of wavelengths. The new shape of the profile dispersion parameter departs from traditional fibers where the profile dispersion parameter monotonically decreases around the selected wavelength that maximizes the effective modal bandwidth (EMB). 3. The MMF of claim 1 , wherein α<α(λ).4. The MMF of claim 1 , wherein said spectral window is at least 50 nm claim 1 , and wherein within said spectral windows said MMF has an effective modal bandwidth of greater than 4700 MHz·km.5. The MMF of claim 4 , wherein said spectral window is at least 100 nm.6. The MMF of claim 4 , wherein said spectral window is at least 200 nm.7. The MMF of claim 1 , wherein a differential mode delay (DMD) plot of said MMF exhibits a shift to the left of its higher order modes relative to its lower order modes.8. The MMF of claim 7 , wherein said DMD plot is measured with an optical pulse of a wavelength within said spectral window.9. The MMF of claim 7 , wherein said DMD plot is measured by launching a plurality of optical pulses into one end of said core at various radial distances r and observing an arrival of said optical pulses at another end of said core at said various radial distances r to determine a velocity of any one of said plurality of optical pulses launched into said core at some radial distance r relative to any other of ...

Multimode Optical Fiber and Methods of Use and Design Thereof

The present invention relates generally to multimode optical fibers (MMFs) and methods for optimizing said MMFs for transmission for at least two optical wavelengths. In an embodiment, the present invention is a multimode optical fiber optimized for multi-wavelength transmission in communication systems utilizing VCSEL transceivers, where the MMF has a bandwidth designed to maximize channel reach for multiple wavelengths, and/or where the MMF minimizes for wavelength dependent optical power penalties at one or more wavelength. 3. The method of claim 2 , wherein in step (h) when R1>R2 said αvalue is adjusted such that α=α+x claim 2 , and when R1 Подробнее

Methods and Devices for Evaluating Optical Fiber Splices

Embodiments of the present invention provide an improved method of determining splice losses of mechanically terminated optical connectors in the field, without the need of terminating both sides of the fiber link. Embodiments of the present invention also provide means for improving the quality of mechanical splices as utilized in pre-polished fiber optic connectors for terminating single-mode and multimode optical fibers in the field. 1. An apparatus comprising a test method for evaluating the optical insertion loss of a mechanical splice joint of two optical fibers , wherein the apparatus comprises:a laser source, digital video camera, a microcontroller or processor, electronic circuitry, resident memory, and means for coupling the laser output signal to one of the optical filters to be spliced, and where,digital video images of the scattered light from at least a portion of one optical fiber and the mechanical splice joint are captured and analyzed using embedded algorithms in order to determine the quality of the mechanical splice,and where the method provides a pass/fail numerical, pictorial or audible indication of the optimum time to terminate the splice joint in order to assist an operator during the termination process.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the method provides dynamic range enhancement of the camera sensor claim 1 , and a means for background subtraction of ambient light in order to improve the estimation of the connectors insertion loss based on real-time image analysis of the mechanical splice joint.3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein real-time image offset and/or tilt corrections are made in order to relax the mechanical tolerances of the apparatus.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the insertion loss of the connector is estimated based purely on image analysis claim 1 , thereby eliminating the need to terminate both sides of the optical link.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein a series of sounds of different ...

Multi-Channel, Multi-Port Optical Tap Coupler

A multi-channel, multi-port optical tap coupler with an alignment base element, a pair of sub-assemblies located at opposite ends of the alignment base element, focusing elements located next to each sub-assembly, and an optical filter adjacent to, and in-between the focusing elements is described. The first sub-assembly has an array of waveguides with each waveguide having a radial offset and an azimuthal position with respect to a center axis of the array. The first array includes transmission waveguides and receiving waveguides and each receiving waveguide has a corresponding transmission wave guide that is separated by an azimuthal angle of 180 degrees. The second sub-assembly has a second array of waveguides including a wave guide having the same radial offset and the same azimuthal position for each of the transmission wave guides of the first array. 1. A multi-channel , multi-port optical tap coupler comprising:an alignment base element;a first sub-assembly at a first end of the alignment base element, the first sub-assembly having a first array of waveguides, each waveguide having a radial offset and an azimuthal position with respect to a center axis of the first array of waveguides and wherein the array of waveguides includes at least two transmission waveguides and at least two receiving waveguides and each receiving waveguide of the array of waveguides has a corresponding transmission wave guide that is separated by an azimuthal angle of 180 degrees;a second sub-assembly at a second, opposing end of the alignment base element, the second sub-assembly having a second array of waveguides, the second array of waveguides including a waveguide having the same radial offset and the same azimuthal position as each of the transmission wave guides of the first array of wave guides;first and second focusing elements, the first focusing element adjacent to the first sub-assembly and on the alignment base element and the second focusing element adjacent to the ...

Multi-Channel, Multi-Port Optical Tap Coupler

A multi-channel, multi-port bi-directional optical tap coupler with an alignment base element, a pair of sub-assemblies located at opposite ends of the alignment base element, focusing elements located next to each sub-assembly, and an optical filter adjacent to, and in-between the focusing elements is described. The first sub-assembly has an array of waveguides with each waveguide having a radial offset and an azimuthal position with respect to a center axis of the array. The first array includes transmission waveguides and receiving waveguides and each receiving waveguide has a corresponding transmission wave guide that is separated by an azimuthal angle of 180 degrees. The second sub-assembly has a second array of waveguides including a wave guide having the same radial offset and the same azimuthal position for each of the transmission wave and receiving guides of the first array. 1. A multi-channel , multi-port bi-directional optical tap coupler comprising:an alignment base element;a first sub-assembly at a first end of the alignment base element, the first sub-assembly having a first array of waveguides, each waveguide having a radial offset and an azimuthal position with respect to a center axis of the first array of waveguides and wherein the array of waveguides includes at least two transmission waveguides and at least two receiving waveguides and each receiving waveguide of the array of waveguides has a corresponding transmission wave guide that is separated by an azimuthal angle of 180 degrees;a second sub-assembly at a second, opposing end of the alignment base element, the second sub-assembly having a second array of waveguides, the second array of waveguides including a waveguide having the same radial offset and the same azimuthal position as each of the transmission wave guides and each of the receiving waveguides of the first array of wave guides;first and second focusing elements, the first focusing element adjacent to the first sub-assembly and on ...

ARRAYED VISUAL INSPECTORS FOR FIBER CONNECTORS AND ADAPTERS

An apparatus and method of inspection are provided that inspects the end-face of two or more fiber optic connectors simultaneously without the need to move a probe from one end-face to another end-face and inspecting them one by one. 1. An inspection apparatus for inspecting an end-face of a fiber optic connector without decoupling from the fiber optic connector , the inspection apparatus comprising: a light source;', 'a beam splitter;', 'a fixed lens system;', 'a variable focus lens system; and', 'an image sensor., 'a microscope probe comprising2. The inspection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the image sensor is a CMOS or CCD image sensor.3. The inspection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the variable focus lens system is a moving lens system using a liquid lens.4. The inspection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the microscope probe is configured to direct light emitted by the light source to the end face of the fiber optic connector under inspection.5. The inspection apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a securing portion for attaching the inspection apparatus to another inspection apparatus.6. The inspection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the inspection apparatus is configured to be included in an array of multiple inspection apparatuses for simultaneously inspecting two or more connectors installed onto plugs of a cassette.7. The inspection apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a display device configured to display a message corresponding to a test result determined by the inspection apparatus.8. An inspection apparatus for inspecting an end-face of a fiber optic connector simultaneously without decoupling from the fiber optic connector claim 1 , the inspection apparatus comprising: a light source;', 'a beam splitter;', 'a fixed lens system;', 'a variable focus lens system; and', 'an image sensor;, 'a microscope probe comprisinga processor; and control the microscope probe to conduct a testing process on the fiber optic connector; and', 'control a display ...

VISUAL INSPECTOR ATTACHMENT FOR FIBER CONNECTOR CLEANERS

Various implementations of visual inspector attachments for fiber connector cleaners are disclosed. The example fiber optic inspection module includes a camera to capture an image of an end-face, a light source to illuminate the end-face, and a first mirror that reflects light from the light source to the end-face and includes a fixed point that allows the first mirror to pivot. Alternatively, an example fiber optic inspection module includes a camera to capture an image of an end-face, a light source to illuminate the end-face, and a first mirror that reflects light from the light source to the end-face and the first mirror moves in an upward direction. 1. A fiber optic inspection module , comprising:a camera configured to capture an image of an end-face;a light source configured to illuminate the end-face; anda first mirror including a fixed point about which the first mirror is configured to pivot, wherein the first mirror is configured to reflect light from the light source to the end-face.2. The fiber optic inspection module of claim 1 , further comprising a lens set including at least one lens.3. The fiber optic inspection module of claim 2 , wherein the lens set is included in the transfer of the image of the end-face to the camera.4. The fiber optic inspection module of claim 2 , further comprising a second mirror claim 2 , wherein the light from the light source is reflected by the second mirror towards the lens set.5. The fiber optic inspection module of claim 1 , further comprising:a first aperture, wherein the first aperture is sized to receive a probe end of a cleaning device.6. The fiber optic inspection module of claim 5 , wherein the first aperture holds an adaptor sleeve.7. The fiber optic inspection module of claim 5 , further comprising:a second aperture, wherein the second aperture is sized to receive a fiber optic connector.8. The fiber optic inspection module of claim 1 , further comprising:a processor; anda memory storing machine-readable ...

FIBER OPTIC INSPECTION TOOL WITH INTEGRATED CLEANING MECHANISM

Various implementations of fiber optic inspection tools with integrated cleaning mechanisms are disclosed. The fiber optic inspection and cleaning tool includes a housing, a cleaning system and an imaging system. The cleaning system includes a pay-off reel, a take-up reel, a spindle and a cleaning tape that travels off the pay-off reel, around the spindle, and onto the take-up reel. The imaging system includes a camera and a light source. The camera, spindle, and cleaning tape are aligned along a visual axis. The pay-off reel, take-up reel, camera and light source are all located within the housing. 1. A fiber optic end-face inspection and cleaning apparatus , comprising:a housing; a pay-off reel;', 'a take-up reel;', 'a spindle; and', 'a cleaning tape, wherein the cleaning tape travels off the pay-off reel, around the spindle, and onto the take-up reel; and, 'a cleaning system comprising a light source; and', 'a camera, wherein the camera, the spindle and the tape are in alignment along a direct visual axis; and, 'an imaging system comprisingwherein the pay-off reel, the take-up reel, camera and light source are located within the housing.2. The fiber optic end face inspection and cleaning apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cleaning tape comprises:a cleaning portion configured to clean an end face of a fiber optic connector; anda visual portion configured to enable the camera to image the end face of the fiber optic connector.3. The fiber optic end face inspection and cleaning apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the visual portion is transparent.4. The fiber optic end face inspection and cleaning apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the visual portion is a cut-out in the cleaning tape.5. The fiber optic end-face inspection and cleaning apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the cleaning tape includes two layers claim 2 , wherein at least one of the two layers is a strength substrate.6. The fiber optic end-face inspection and cleaning apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the strength ...

Methods for Estimating Modal Bandwidth Spectral Dependence

Methods for estimating the Effective Modal Bandwidth (EMB) of laser optimized Multimode Fiber (MMF) at a specified wavelength, λ S , based on the measured EMB at a first reference measurement wavelength, λ M . In these methods the Differential Mode Delay (DMD) of a MMF is measured and the Effective Modal Bandwidth (EMB) is computed at a first measurement wavelength. By extracting signal features such as centroids, peak power, pulse widths, and skews, as described in this disclosure, the EMB can be estimated at a second specified wavelength with different degrees of accuracy. The first method estimates the EMB at the second specified wavelength based on measurements at the reference wavelength. The second method predicts if the EMB at the second specified wavelength is equal or greater than a specified bandwidth limit.

Methods and systems for fiber optic communication

The present invention relates in general to communication systems, and more specifically towards methods, systems, and devices that help improve transmission rates and spectral efficiency of intensity modulated (IM) or power modulated channels utilizing multi-level pulse amplitude modulation PAM-M. In an embodiment, the present invention used an iterative algorithm to open the eyes of an eye diagram in a relatively short number of steps. The algorithm, which may not require previous characterization of the channel, utilizes pseudo-random sequences, such as PSBS15 or PRQS10, and adaptive non-linear equalizers to optimize the pre-distortion taps.

APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR AN OPTICAL MULTIMODE CHANNEL BANDWIDTH ANALYZER

A test apparatus has at least one optical source, a high-speed photodetector, a microcontroller or processor, and electrical circuitry to power and drive the at least one optical source, photodetector, and microcontroller or processor and for measuring the frequency response of a multimode optical fiber under test. The test apparatus can utilize an optical pulse waveform with a light adapter to measure of the channel under test. It can also uses a correction method to de-embeed a chromatic bandwidth of the source from the encircled flux modal chromatic bandwidth. The correction method can use correction functions obtained for different type of VCSELs to estimate the optical channel bandwidth when used with VCSEL transceivers. 1. A test apparatus comprising:at least one optical source;a high-speed photodetector;a microcontroller or processor; andelectrical circuitry to power and drive the at least one optical source, photodetector, and microcontroller or processor and for measuring the frequency response of a multimode optical fiber under test, wherein:the test apparatus utilizes an optical pulse waveform with a light adapter to measure of the channel under test;the apparatus uses a correction method to de-embeed a chromatic bandwidth of the source from the encircled flux modal chromatic bandwidth; andthe correction method uses correction functions obtained for different type of VCSELs to estimate the optical channel bandwidth when used with VCSEL transceivers.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus verifies that a specified data rate and maximum reach that can be supported over the fiber channel under test.3. The apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the apparatus verifies that a specified data rate and maximum reach that can be supported over the fiber channel under test for Ethernet or Fiber Channel applications.4. The apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the apparatus verifies that a specified data rate and maximum reach updated ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR TERMINATING AND TESTING CONNECTORS

At least some embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of optical fiber splicing and the evaluation of resulting splice joints. In an embodiment, the present invention is an apparatus for evaluating the integrity of a mechanical splice joint, and comprises a light source, digital video camera, digital signal processor, and visual indicator, wherein the apparatus connects to the test connector and the digital signal processor analyzes digital images of the scatter light from at least a portion of the test connector. 1. An apparatus for installing a field fiber in a fiber optic connector having a stub fiber therein and/or evaluating at least one characteristic of a splice between said stub fiber and said field fiber , at least a portion of said fiber optic connector being at least one of transparent or translucent , said apparatus comprising:a light source, said light source injecting a light into said fiber optic connector via said stub fiber, some of said injected light radiating through said fiber optic connector;a digital camera, said digital camera capturing a digital image of said fiber optic connector; anda digital processor, said digital processor using said digital image to evaluate light radiating through said fiber optic connector to determine said at least one characteristic of said splice.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said digital camera is at least one of a digital photo camera and a digital video camera.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said digital processor further evaluates a spatial pattern of said light radiating through said fiber optic connector.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein said digital processor further evaluates said spatial pattern of said light radiating through said fiber optic connector from at least two zones of said fiber optic connector5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein said at least two zones include at least two of a stub fiber zone claim 4 , a splice zone claim 4 , and a field fiber zone.6. The ...

Optical fiber termination using a reference source

Examples disclosed herein illustrate systems and methods to determine and evaluate the quality of mechanical splices of optical fibers using insertion loss estimation. In at least some of the disclosed systems and methods, an optical fiber termination system may include a reference fiber coupling a light source and a stub fiber of a fiber optic connector, a digital camera sensor and lens to capture images of scattered light emanating from a portion of the fiber optic connector and a portion of the reference fiber both in a field of view (FOV) of the digital camera sensor, and a processor. The processor may analyze digital images of scatter light emitted from at least a portion of the fiber optic connector and the reference fiber to estimate insertion loss at the fiber optic connector.

Optical Fiber Termination Using a Reference Source

Examples disclosed herein illustrate systems and methods to determine and evaluate the quality of mechanical splices of optical fibers using insertion loss estimation. In at least some of the disclosed systems and methods, an optical fiber termination system may include a reference fiber coupling a light source and a stub fiber of a fiber optic connector, a digital camera sensor and lens to capture images of scattered light emanating from a portion of the fiber optic connector and a portion of the reference fiber both in a field of view (FOV) of the digital camera sensor, and a processor. The processor may analyze digital images of scatter light emitted from at least a portion of the fiber optic connector and the reference fiber to estimate insertion loss at the fiber optic connector.

SMF TO MMF COUPLER

A patch cord for transmitting between a single mode fiber (SMF) and a multi-mode fiber (MMFs) has a MMF, SMF, and a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a hollow core placed between the SMF and MMF. A mode field diameter (MFD) of the PCF hollow core section is in the range of 16 to 19 microns, the length of the PCF is between 1 cm to 10 cm, the MMF has 50+2 microns core diameter, the SMF has a 6-9 microns core diameter, and the coupling between the PCF mode to the MMF fundamental mode is maximized. 1. A method of designing a single mode fiber (SMF) to multi-mode fiber (MMF) coupler using a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) comprising:providing a PCF with a hollow core;placing the PCF in between the SMF and MMF wherein a mode field diameter (MFD) of the PCF is designed to optimize the coupling to the MMF fundamental mode, while minimizing the losses from the SMF to PCF coupling losses.2. A method according to wherein signal operational wavelengths are in a 1300±50 nm spectral window.3. A method according to wherein signal operational wavelengths are in a 1500±100 nm spectral window.4. A method according to wherein the mode field diameter (MFD) of the PCF hollow core is designed to be in a range of 15 to 20 microns and a MMF core diameter is in a range of 45 to 63 microns.5. A method according to wherein the SMF claim 1 , PCF and MMF are spliced.6. A patch cord for transmitting between a single mode fiber (SMF) and a multi-mode fiber (MMFs) comprising;a MMF;a SMF; anda photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a hollow core placed between the SMF and MMF wherein a mode field diameter (MFD) of the PCF hollow core section is in the range of 16 to 19 microns, and where the length of the PCF is between 1 cm to 10 cm and where the MMF has 50±2 microns core diameter, the SMF has a 669 microns core diameter, and the coupling between the PCF mode to the MMF fundamental mode is maximized. This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/726,636, filed Sep. 4, 2018, the ...

MULTIMODE OPTICAL FIBERS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF

The present invention generally relates to the field of fiber optics, and more specifically to optical fibers, methods of manufacturing optical fibers, and methods of classifying optical fibers. In an embodiment, the present invention is a multimode optical fiber which comprises a core and clad material system where the refractive indices of the core and cladding are selected to minimize chromatic dispersion in the 850 nm wavelength window and the refractive index profile is optimized for minimum modal-chromatic dispersion in channels utilizing VCSEL transceivers. Multimode optical fibers according to this embodiment may have increased channel bandwidth. 2. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said single wavelength operating window is an 850 nm wavelength window.3. The multimode optical fiber of claim 2 , wherein said at least one dopant reduces a magnitude of chromatic dispersion within said 850 nm wavelength window to less than 89 picoseconds per nanometer wavelength change and kilometer propagation distance (ps/nm-km).4. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said at least one dopant comprises at least one of boron trioxide and phosphorus pentoxide.5. The multimode optical fiber of claim 4 , wherein a concentration of said boron trioxide is less than 15 mole %; and wherein a concentration of said phosphorus pentoxide is less than 10 mole %.6. The multimode optical fiber of claim 4 , wherein said cladding comprises fluorine.7. The multimode optical fiber of claim 6 , wherein a concentration of said fluorine is less than 8 mole %.9. The multimode optical fiber of claim 8 , wherein said αcomprises αand δα such that:{'br': None, 'sub': mc', 'opt, 'α=α−δα,'}{'sub': 'opt', 'wherein said αcompensates for said modal dispersion with said single wavelength operating window and said δα compensates for said chromatic dispersion with said single wavelength operating window, and'}{'sub': 'opt', 'wherein said αis greater than 1.65 and less than 1.85, and ...

Optical Channel Bandwidth Analyzer

A test apparatus has at least one optical source, a high-speed photodetector, a microcontroller or processor, and electrical circuitry to power and drive the optical source, high-speed photodetector, and microcontroller or processor. The apparatus measures the frequency response and optical path length of a multimode optical fiber under test, utilizes a reference VCSEL spatial spectral launch condition and modal-chromatic dispersion interaction data to estimate the channels total modal-chromatic bandwidth of the fiber under test, and computes and presents the estimated maximum data rate the fiber under test can support. 1. A test apparatus comprising:at least one optical source;a high-speed photodetector;a microcontroller or processor; andelectrical circuitry to power and drive the optical source, high-speed photodetector, and microcontroller or processor, wherein the apparatus measures the frequency response and optical path length of a multimode optical fiber under test, utilizes a reference VCSEL spatial spectral launch condition and modal-chromatic dispersion interaction data to estimate the channels total modal-chromatic bandwidth of the fiber under test, and computes and presents the estimated maximum data rate the fiber under test can support.2. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said apparatus verifies that a specified data rate can be supported over the fiber channel under test.3. An apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a display for presenting test results to a user.4. An apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a patch cord attached between the source and fiber under test claim 1 , wherein the patch cord is designed to provide a worst case launch condition for a given Ethernet or Fiber Channel application.5. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a switch and a set of patch cords are attached between the source and fiber under test claim 1 , further wherein the apparatus can automatically switch among the patch ...

Optical Fibers and Methods Associated Therewith

Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to the field of fiber optics, and more specifically to apparatuses, methods, and/or systems associated with testing fiber optic transmitters. In an embodiment, the present invention is an apparatus comprising a laser optimized multimode fiber having near minimally compliant effective modal bandwidth, near maximum channel length, and α-profile that produces an R-MMF DMD slope.

Method for evaluating the optical loss of a mechanical splice joint of two optical fibers

Embodiments of the present invention provide an improved method of determining splice losses of mechanically terminated optical connectors in the field, without the need of terminating both sides of the fiber link. Embodiments of the present invention also provide means for improving the quality of mechanical splices as utilized in pre-polished fiber optic connectors for terminating single-mode and multimode optical fibers in the field.

METHODS OF TREATING DIABETES BY ADMINISTERING A GLUCAGON RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST IN COMBINATION WITH A CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION INHIBITOR

Use of a glucagon receptor antagonist in combination with a cholesterol absorption inhibitor for the treatment of diabetes and related conditions is disclosed. 1. A method of treating diabetes in a mammalian subject which comprises administering to said mammalian subject:(a) a glucagon receptor antagonist, and(b) a cholesterol absorption inhibitor;wherein the mammalian subject has an LDL cholesterol plasma level of less than 100 mg/dL prior to a first treatment with (a) and (b).2. A method of reducing hyperglycemia in a mammalian subject which comprises administering to said mammalian subject:(a) a glucagon receptor antagonist, and(b) a cholesterol absorption inhibitor;wherein the mammalian subject has an LDL cholesterol plasma level of less than 100 mg/dL prior to a first treatment with (a) and (b).3. (canceled)4. The method of wherein the glucagon receptor antagonist compound and the cholesterol absorption inhibitor compound are present in a single dosage form.5. The method of wherein the glucagon receptor antagonist compound and the cholesterol absorption inhibitor compound are in a bilayer tablet.6. The method of wherein the glucagon receptor antagonist compound and the cholesterol absorption inhibitor compound are present each in a separate dosage form for simultaneous or sequential administration.7. The method of for treating type 2 diabetes.1011-. (canceled)12. The method of wherein the mammalian subject is a human.13. The method of wherein the mammalian subject is a human.14. The method of wherein the mammalian subject is a human. Diabetes refers to a disease process derived from multiple causative factors and is characterized by elevated levels of plasma glucose (hyperglycemia) in the fasting or postprandial state. Elevated levels of plasma glucose can result in various symptoms, including impacted (blurry) vision, excessive thirst, fatigue, hunger, frequent urination and weight loss. Left untreated, hyperglycemia can lead to serious vision problems, sores ...

Hybrid Optical Fiber and Copper Conductor Cable Assembly

A connector assembly has a male portion and a female portion. The male portion has a pair of electrical contacts and ends of a pair of plastic optical fibers attached. The female portion has a set of through-holes configured to accept the electrical contacts of the male portion and the ends of the plastic optical fibers attached to the male portion such that the plastic optical fibers of the male portion abut plastic optical fibers secured to the female portion within the through-holes of the female portion. In one embodiment, the male portion has a cylindrical shroud configured to accept a cylindrical protrusion on the female portion. The female portion also has a nut rotatably attached with internal threads configured to engage external threads located on the cylindrical shroud of the male portion. 1. A connector assembly comprising a male portion , the male portion having a housing , ends a pair of plastic optical fibers attached thereto and a pair of electrical contacts , and a female portion , the female portion having a female housing with two pairs of through-holes wherein the first pair of through-holes are configured to accept the electrical contacts of the male portion and the second pair of through holes are configured to accept the ends of the plastic optical fibers of the male portion such that they abut plastic optical fibers secured to the female portion within the through-holes of the female portion.2. The connector of wherein the female portion further comprises a cylindrical protrusion and a nut surrounding the cylindrical protrusion and rotatably secured to the female housing claim 1 , the male portion includes a cylindrical shroud configured to accept the cylindrical protrusion of the female housing and further wherein the male portion has external threads on the cylindrical shroud configured to engage the internal threads of the nut.3. The connector of wherein the plastic optical fibers of the male portion are secured to the male housing via ...

High Resolution Correlation Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to the field of fiber optic communication, and more specifically, to optical time domain reflectometer apparatuses used for testing the integrity of a communication channel. Due to its high bandwidth, low dispersion, low attenuation, and immunity to electromagnetic interference among other advantages single-mode and multimode optical fibers are the standard transmission media used for intermediate and long reach high-speed communication applications in data centers, enterprise networks, metropolitan area networks (MANs), and long haul systems. Optical channels often contain other passive elements such as optical connectors, adapters, patch cords, splitters, combiners, and filters. 1. A correlation optical time-domain reflectometer that utilizes at least two interleaved correlation codes transmitted in the same sequence to produce noise cancellation of spurious reflected signals than may occur during optical channel measurements.2. An apparatus according to wherein complementary pseudo random codes with low cross-correlation properties are utilized for improved efficiency claim 1 , increased signal to noise ratio claim 1 , and enhance spatial resolution.3. An apparatus according to wherein the optical test signals continuously monitor the optical channel eliminating the need for suspending data transmission.4. An apparatus according to that utilizes fast transmission signals >2 Gb/s to increase the spatial resolution of the performed measurement.5. An apparatus according to for monitoring optical links claim 1 , measurements of reflected power and for fault location using optical time-domain reflectometry based on correlation and advanced signal processing to provide increased resolution claim 1 , range claim 1 , sensitivity claim 1 , and dynamic range for measurements of single-mode or multimode channels.6. A correlation optical time-domain reflectometer that utilizes at least two transmitted wavelengths to ...

Multimode Optical Fibers and Methods of Manufacture Thereof

The present invention generally relates to the field of fiber optics, and more specifically to optical fibers, methods of manufacturing optical fibers, and methods of classifying optical fibers. In an embodiment, the present invention is a multimode optical fiber which comprises a core and clad material system where the refractive indices of the core and cladding are selected to minimize chromatic dispersion in the 850 nm wavelength window and the refractive index profile is optimized for minimum modal-chromatic dispersion in channels utilizing VCSEL transceivers. Multimode optical fibers according to this embodiment may have increased channel bandwidth. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of adding said concentration of said at least one core dopant to said core includes adding at least one of boron claim 1 , oxygen claim 1 , chlorine claim 1 , phosphorus claim 1 , and fluorine claim 1 ,and wherein said at least one cladding dopant includes fluorine.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of adding said concentration of said at least one core dopant to said core excludes adding germanium. This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/206,652, filed Jul. 11, 2016, which will issue as U.S. Pat. No. 9,977,182 on May 22, 2018; which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/188,749 filed Feb. 25, 2014, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,417,382 on Aug. 16, 2016; which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/769,441 filed on Feb. 26, 2013, the subject matter of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.The present invention generally relates to the field of fiber optics, and more specifically to optical fibers, methods of manufacturing optical fibers, and methods of classifying optical fibers.Fiber optic networks generally include transceivers which generate and sense optical pulses, and a transmission medium which allows the optical pulses to travel between the ...

Methods for Estimating Modal Bandwidth Spectral Dependence

Methods for estimating the Effective Modal Bandwidth (EMB) of laser optimized Multimode Fiber (MMF) at a specified wavelength, λS, based on the measured EMB at a first reference measurement wavelength, λM. In these methods the Differential Mode Delay (DMD) of a MMF is measured and the Effective Modal Bandwidth (EMB) is computed at a first measurement wavelength. By extracting signal features such as centroids, peak power, pulse widths, and skews, as described in this disclosure, the EMB can be estimated at a second specified wavelength with different degrees of accuracy. The first method estimates the EMB at the second specified wavelength based on measurements at the reference wavelength. The second method predicts if the EMB at the second specified wavelength is equal or greater than a specified bandwidth limit.

METHODS OF TREATING DIABETES BY ADMINISTERING A GLUCAGON RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST IN COMBINATION WITH A CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION INHIBITOR

Use of a glucagon receptor antagonist in combination with a cholesterol absorption inhibitor for the treatment of diabetes and related conditions is disclosed. 1. A method of treating diabetes in a mammalian subject which comprises administering to said mammalian subject:(a) a glucagon receptor antagonist, and(b) a cholesterol absorption inhibitor;wherein the mammalian subject has an LDL cholesterol plasma level of less than 130 mg/dL.2. A method of reducing hyperglycemia in a mammalian subject which comprises administering to said mammalian subject:(a) a glucagon receptor antagonist, and(b) a cholesterol absorption inhibitor;wherein the mammalian subject has an LDL cholesterol plasma level of less than 130 mg/dL.3. The method of wherein the subject has an LDL cholesterol plasma level of less than 100 mg/dL.4. The method of wherein the glucagon receptor antagonist compound and the cholesterol absorption inhibitor compound are present in a single dosage form.5. The method of wherein the glucagon receptor antagonist compound and the cholesterol absorption inhibitor compound are in a bilayer tablet.6. The method of wherein the glucagon receptor antagonist compound and the cholesterol absorption inhibitor compound are present each in a separate dosage form for simultaneous or sequential administration.7. The method of for treating type 2 diabetes.1011-. (canceled) Diabetes refers to a disease process derived from multiple causative factors and is characterized by elevated levels of plasma glucose (hyperglycemia) in the fasting or postprandial state. Elevated levels of plasma glucose can result in various symptoms, including impacted (blurry) vision, excessive thirst, fatigue, hunger, frequent urination and weight loss. Left untreated, hyperglycemia can lead to serious vision problems, sores and infections in the feet and skin, nerve damage, and cardiovascular complications.Absolute or relative elevations in glucagon levels have been shown to contribute to the ...

OPTICAL FIBERS AND METHODS ASSOCIATED THEREWITH

Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to the field of fiber optics, and more specifically to apparatuses, methods, and/or systems associated with testing fiber optic transmitters. In an embodiment, the present invention is an apparatus comprising a laser optimized multimode fiber having near minimally compliant effective modal bandwidth, near maximum channel length, and α-profile that produces an R-MMF DMD slope. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the refractive index profile causes the graded-index multimode optical fiber to exacerbate modal chromatic dispersion interaction when coupled with an optical transmitter by having a right-shifted differential mode delay (DMD) plot.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein a DMD plot is measured by launching a plurality of spectrally narrow and temporally short pulses of light radiation into one end of the graded-index multimode optical fiber at various radial distances r from the center of the core claim 2 , and recording a temporal response for each of the spectrally narrow and temporally short pulses of light radiation at the respective radial distances r from the center of the core at a second end of the graded-index multimode optical fiber claim 2 , and{'sub': init', 'end', 'end', 'init, 'wherein the right-shifted DMD plot is characterized by a positive slope of a linear fit calculated between a first radial offset rand a second radial offset r, the second radial offset rbeing greater than the first radial offset r.'}4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the linear fit is calculated by computing a centroid T(r) for at least each of the spectrally narrow and temporally short pulses of light radiation between the first radial offset rand the second radial offset r claim 3 , and using each respective the centroid T(r) to compute the linear fit between the first radial offset rand the second radial offset rvia least square estimation.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the first radial offset ris one of 1 μm claim 4 ...

Methods and Systems for Fiber Optic Communication

The present invention relates in general to communication systems, and more specifically towards methods, systems, and devices that help improve transmission rates and spectral efficiency of intensity modulated (IM) or power modulated channels utilizing multi-level pulse amplitude modulation PAM-M. In an embodiment, the present invention used an iterative algorithm to open the eyes of an eye diagram in a relatively short number of steps. The algorithm, which may not require previous characterization of the channel, utilizes pseudo-random sequences, such as PSBS15 or PRQS10, and adaptive non-linear equalizers to optimize the pre-distortion taps.

High Resolution Correlation Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to the field of fiber optic communication, and more specifically, to optical time domain reflectometer apparatuses used for testing the integrity of a communication channel. Due to its high bandwidth, low dispersion, low attenuation, and immunity to electromagnetic interference among other advantages single-mode and multimode optical fibers are the standard transmission media used for intermediate and long reach high-speed communication applications in data centers, enterprise networks, metropolitan area networks (MANs), and long haul systems. Optical channels often contain other passive elements such as optical connectors, adapters, patch cords, splitters, combiners, and filters. 1. A correlation optical time-domain reflectometer comprising a first transmitter with a first wavelength having a first signal that utilizes at least two interleaved correlation codes transmitted in the same sequence to produce noise cancellation of spurious reflected signals than may occur during optical channel measurements and a second transmitter with a second wavelength having a second signal that utilizes at least two interleaved codes transmitted in the same sequence wherein the second signal is a negative version of the first signal.2. An apparatus according to wherein complementary pseudo random codes with low cross-correlation properties are utilized for improved efficiency claim 1 , increased signal to noise ratio claim 1 , and enhance spatial resolution.3. An apparatus according to wherein the optical test signals continuously monitor the optical channel eliminating the need for suspending data transmission.4. An apparatus according to that utilizes fast transmission signals >2 Gb/s to increase the spatial resolution of the performed measurement.5. An apparatus according to for monitoring optical links claim 1 , measurements of reflected power and for fault location using optical time-domain reflectometry based on ...

Apparatus and Method for Terminating and Testing Connectors

At least some embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of optical fiber splicing and the evaluation of resulting splice joints. In an embodiment, the present invention is an apparatus for evaluating the integrity of a mechanical splice joint, and comprises a light source, digital video camera, digital signal processor, and visual indicator, wherein the apparatus connects to the test connector and the digital signal processor analyzes digital images of the scatter light from at least a portion of the test connector. 1. A method of installing a field fiber in a fiber optic connector having a stub fiber therein and/or evaluating at least one characteristic of a splice between said stub fiber and said field fiber , at least a portion of said fiber optic connector being at least one of transparent or translucent , said method comprising the steps of:mating said fiber optic connector with a test apparatus;injecting a light from a light source into said fiber optic connector via said stub fiber, some of said injected light radiating through said fiber optic connector;subtracting background noise; andusing a digital camera to evaluate light radiating through said fiber optic connector to determine said at least one characteristic of said splice to evaluate a spatial pattern of said light radiating through said fiber optic connector through a stub fiber zone, a splice zone, and a field fiber zone.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said digital camera is at least one of a digital photo camera and a digital video camera.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of using said digital camera includes evaluating a spatial pattern of said light radiating through said fiber optic connector.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said step of evaluating said spatial pattern includes analyzing light radiating through at least two zones of said fiber optic connector.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said at least two zones include at least two of a stub fiber zone claim ...

Multi-Port Multi-Channel Reconfigurable Fiber Dispersion Reference Module

A fiber dispersion reference module has an enclosure with at least one fiber optic port and at least one inner rotating element. Each element having a plurality of optical channels, the enclosure and inner rotating element configured such that the rotation of the inner rotating element relative to the enclosure allows the fiber optic port of the enclosure to change its coupling between the plurality of optical channels in the inner rotating element.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INSERTION LOSS EVALUATION OF CONNECTORS

Various implementations of systems and methods for insertion loss estimation are disclosed. The system for insertion loss estimation includes a first filter, a focusing component, and a digital micromirror device (DMD). The first filter, the focusing component, and the DMD are in parallel with an optical fiber connector. Additionally, the system includes an optical concentrator and a photodetector device. A first face of the optical concentrator is facing towards the DMD, and a second face of the optical concentrator is facing the photodetector device. Both the photodetector device and the optical concentrator are in parallel. 1. An optical fiber connector loss measurement system , comprising:a first filter;a focusing component;a digital micromirror device (DMD), wherein respective faces of the first filter and the focusing component are in parallel and faces towards the DMD;an optical concentrator, wherein a face of the optical concentrator faces towards the DMD; anda photodetector device, wherein a face of the optical concentrator faces the photodetector device, and wherein the face of the photodetector device and the face of the optical concentrator are in parallel.2. The optical fiber connector loss measurement system of claim 1 , further comprising:a second filter located between the optical concentrator and the photodetector device.3. The optical fiber connector loss measurement system of claim 1 , further comprising:a second filter located between the DMD and the optical concentrator.4. The optical fiber connector loss measurement system of claim 1 , further comprising:a second filter, wherein the second filter is a thin film filter.5. The optical fiber connector loss measurement system of claim 1 , wherein the first filter is a coarse filter.6. The optical fiber connector loss measurement system of claim 1 , further comprising:a light source, wherein the light source transmits light into a stub fiber within the optical fiber connector.7. The optical fiber ...

Optical channel bandwidth analyzer

A test apparatus has at least one optical source, a high-speed photodetector, a microcontroller or processor, and electrical circuitry to power and drive the optical source, high-speed photodetector, and microcontroller or processor. The apparatus measures the frequency response and optical path length of a multimode optical fiber under test, utilizes a reference VCSEL spatial spectral launch condition and modal-chromatic dispersion interaction data to estimate the channels total modal-chromatic bandwidth of the fiber under test, and computes and presents the estimated maximum data rate the fiber under test can support.

Single-mode optical fiber having negative chromatic dispersion

A single-mode optical fiber that reduces the chromatic dispersion of an optical pulse due the laser chirp in an optical communication system operating in the O-band has a cable cutoff wavelength less than 1250 nm, a zero-dispersion wavelength greater than 1334 n, and a nominal mode field diameter of said fiber at 1310 nm between 8.6 and 9.5 microns.

Methods of treating diabetes by administering a glucagon receptor antagonist in combination with a cholesterol absorption inhibitor

Use of a glucagon receptor antagonist in combination with a cholesterol absorption inhibitor for the treatment of diabetes and related conditions is disclosed.

METHOD FOR SHAPING FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTICS.

Process for manufacturing reconstituted squid

This invention relates to a process for manufacturing reconstituted squid into ring shapes. The eatable parts of the cephalopods are washed and minced together at below zero temperatures. The pieces are then compacted into ring shaped molds. The product maintains its ring shape due to a high cohesion of the surface protein of each piece. The rings can then be dipped into batter or breadcrumbs and are then frozen.

Visual inspector attachment for fiber connector cleaners

Method for forming an in-mold coated fiber reinforced part

A method of making a fiber reinforced part by compression molding under heat and pressure a glass fiber reinforced thermosetting resin composition at an initial high pressure for a short period of time and then substantially reducing the pressure for a longer period of time to form an almost cured FRP part at which time there is applied to the exterior or outer surface of the FRP part an in-mold coating composition and heat and pressure are continued to cure the in-mold coating composition and to complete the cure of the FRP part. During the molding process the temperature gradient across, or the temperature non-uniformities of, the molding or working surfaces of the mold halves is less than about 5° C.

Method for evaluating the optical insertion loss of a mechanical splice joint of two optical fibers

A method for evaluating the optical insertion loss of a mechanical splice joint of two optical fibers with a laser source includes, upon initiation by a user, automatically performing the steps of: checking for ambient light, estimating the level of noise by analyzing an area of a sensor that is not illuminated by external sources and setting a noise threshold, checking self-alignment by taking a foreground image of the joint with the laser source turned on and one with it turned off, subtracting the images to obtain a resultant image, setting all pixels with levels below the noise threshold to zero, selecting a region of interest of the joint, computing a centroid and a width of the resultant image based on the region of interest, estimating a tilt and if the tilt is above a certain threshold, compensating for the tilt, and processing the resultant image.

Methods and devices for evaluating optical fiber splices

Embodiments of the present invention provide an improved method of determining splice losses of mechanically terminated optical connectors in the field, without the need of terminating both sides of the fiber link. Embodiments of the present invention also provide means for improving the quality of mechanical splices as utilized in pre-polished fiber optic connectors for terminating single-mode and multimode optical fibers in the field.

Methods for calculating multimode fiber system bandwidth and manufacturing improved multimode fiber

System And Method For Improved Dynamic Allocation Of Application Resources

A self-help application platform such as one hosting an interactive voice response (IVR) has a browser that executes application scripts to implement the self-help application. The execution of the application scripts is performed by utilizing various application resources, such as media conversions from text to speech (TTS) and speech to text (automatic speech recognition ASR) and other media servers. The platform is provided with a dynamic resource selection mechanism in which the application is executed with an updated optimum set of application resources distributed over different locations. The selection is based on the profiles of the browser, users, route, and quality of service. The selection is further modulated by the browser's previous experiences with the individual resources. The selection is made dynamically during the executing of the application script.

Mass spectrometer

A mass spectrometer comprising a collision, fragmentation or reaction cell (4) is disclosed. The collision, fragmentation or reaction cell (4) is repeatedly switched back and forth between a high fragmentation mode of operation and a low fragmentation mode of operation. Mass spectral data sets are obtained in both modes of operation. A decimal mass filter is applied to one or both sets of data. In particular, fragment ions or metabolites related to a parent or precursor ion of interest are identified on the basis of having a decimal mass which is similar to that of the parent or precursor ion of interest.

Mass Spectrometer

A method of searching for potentially unknown metabolites of pharmaceutical compounds is disclosed. The accurate mass of a pharmaceutical compound will generally be known and can be rendered in the form of an integer nominal mass or mass to charge ratio component and a decimal mass or mass to charge ratio component. Possible metabolites are searched for on the basis of having a decimal mass or mass to charge ratio component which is substantially very similar to the decimal mass or mass to charge ratio of the parent pharmaceutical compound.

Apparatus for implementing low latency optical channels

A low latency free-space optical data communication channel has at least one optical collimator for transmitting an optical communication signal in the form of a parallel beam across a free-space channel. The input of the collimator includes a connectorized optical fiber pigtail for connecting said collimator to a glass optical fiber carrying the signal to be transmitted across the free-space channel. The optical beam propagates in free space along the longitudinal axis of a raceway, which is at least partially enclosed. The second optical collimator located at the distant end of said raceway, is positioned to receive the free-space optical communication signal. The received signal is focused into a second optical fiber pigtail at the output side of the collimator, thereby resulting in a pigtailed free-space low latency optical channel link.

Multimode optical fiber and methods of manufacture thereof

Apparatus and Method for Implementing Low Latency Optical Channels

A low latency free-space optical data communication channel has at least one optical collimator for transmitting an optical communication signal in the form of a parallel beam across a free-space channel. The input of the collimator includes a connectorized optical fiber pigtail for connecting said collimator to a glass optical fiber carrying the signal to be transmitted across the free-space channel. The optical beam propagates in free space along the longitudinal axis of a raceway, which is at least partially enclosed. The second optical collimator located at the distant end of said raceway, is positioned to receive the free-space optical communication signal. The received signal is focused into a second optical fiber pigtail at the output side of the collimator, thereby resulting in a pigtailed free-space low latency optical channel link.

Optical channel bandwidth analyzer

A test apparatus has at least one optical source, a high-speed photodetector, a microcontroller or processor, and electrical circuitry to power and drive the optical source, high-speed photodetector, and microcontroller or processor. The apparatus measures the frequency response and optical path length of a multimode optical fiber under test, utilizes a reference VCSEL spatial spectral launch condition and modal-chromatic dispersion interaction data to estimate the channels total modal-chromatic bandwidth of the fiber under test, and computes and presents the estimated maximum data rate the fiber under test can support.

Multichannel optical tap devices

A multiport passive photonic light circuit chip has multiple waveguides written in at least two layers on a glass substrate. Some waveguides connect transmitting and receiving ports of an optical channel, some waveguides redirect a fraction of optical signals to some other receiving ports, and waveguides have circular cross-sectional shapes wherein a refractive index contrast is in the range of 0.2% to 2%.

Hybrid fiber optic and electrical connector

A system for the transmission of optical and electrical signals has two optical connectors (117) wherein each of the connectors (117) have a metal ferrule (108,122) electrically connected to a conductor (112). The system also has an adapter (114) wherein having the connectors (117) optically connected to each other via the adapter (114) also electrically connects the conductor (112) of optical connectors (117) via the metal ferrules (108,122) of the first and second optical connectors (117). Alternatively, a system can have first and second optical connectors (121) wherein each of the connectors have an outer housing (119) with a conductive interior surface. This system also has an adapter (110) with at least one metal split sleeve (118) wherein having the connectors (121) optically connected to each other via the adapter (110) also electrically connects optical connectors (121) via the conductive interior surface of the outer housing (119) of each optical connector (121) contacting the at least one metal split sleeve (118).

Visual inspector attachment for fiber connector cleaners

Various implementations of visual inspector attachments for fiber connector cleaners are disclosed. The example fiber optic inspection module includes a camera to capture an image of an end-face, a light source to illuminate the end-face, and a first mirror that reflects light from the light source to the end-face and includes a fixed point that allows the first mirror to pivot. Alternatively, an example fiber optic inspection module includes a camera to capture an image of an end-face, a light source to illuminate the end-face, and a first mirror that reflects light from the light source to the end-face and the first mirror moves in an upward direction.

Visual inspector attachment for fiber connector cleaners

Various implementations of visual inspector attachments for fiber connector cleaners are disclosed. The example fiber optic inspection module includes a camera to capture an image of an end-face, a light source to illuminate the end-face, and a first mirror that reflects light from the light source to the end-face and includes a fixed point that allows the first mirror to pivot. Alternatively, an example fiber optic inspection module includes a camera to capture an image of an end-face, a light source to illuminate the end-face, and a first mirror that reflects light from the light source to the end-face and the first mirror moves in an upward direction.

Short reach gap connector

An optical fiber connector ferrule assembly has a ferrule holder and a ferrule partially within the ferrule holder. The ferrule holder has a keying feature for setting the angular orientation of the ferrule assembly within a connector housing. The ferrule includes at least one stand-off feature on the end face of the ferrule for maintaining a controlled air gap spacing when mated to a second compatible ferrule assembly.

Short Reach Gap Connector

An optical fiber connector ferrule assembly has a ferrule holder and a ferrule partially within the ferrule holder. The ferrule holder has a keying feature for setting the angular orientation of the ferrule assembly within a connector housing. The ferrule includes at least one stand-off feature on the end face of the ferrule for maintaining a controlled air gap spacing when mated to a second compatible ferrule assembly.

MPO Adapter for APC Connector Inspection

A fiber optic adaptor has a first face defining a first central axis and a second face opposite the first face defining a second central axis, wherein the first central axis is at an angle relative to the second central axis. IN one embodiment, the angle matches the angle of the front face of an APC connector.

SMF to MMF coupler

A patch cord for transmitting between a single mode fiber (SMF) and a multi-mode fiber (MMFs) has a MMF, SMF, and a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a hollow core placed between the SMF and MMF. A mode field diameter (MFD) of the PCF hollow core section is in the range of 16 to 19 microns, the length of the PCF is between 1 cm to 10 cm, the MMF has 50+2 microns core diameter, the SMF has a 6-9 microns core diameter, and the coupling between the PCF mode to the MMF fundamental mode is maximized.

Hybrid fiber optic and electrical connector

A system for the transmission of optical and electrical signals has two optical connectors wherein each of the connectors have a metal ferrule electrically connected to a conductor. The system also has an adapter wherein having the connectors optically connected to each other via the adapter also electrically connects the conductor of optical connectors via the metal ferrules of the first and second optical connectors. Alternatively, a system can have first and second optical connectors wherein each of the connectors have an outer housing with a conductive interior surface. This system also has an adapter with at least one metal split sleeve wherein having the connectors optically connected to each other via the adapter also electrically connects optical connectors via the conductive interior surface of the outer housing of each optical connector contacting the at least one metal split sleeve.

Optical channel bandwidth analyzer

A test apparatus has at least one optical source, a high-speed photodetector, a microcontroller or processor, and electrical circuitry to power and drive the optical source, high-speed photodetector, and microcontroller or processor. The apparatus measures the frequency response and optical path length of a multimode optical fiber under test, utilizes a reference VCSEL spatial spectral launch condition and modal-chromatic dispersion interaction data to estimate the channels total modal-chromatic bandwidth of the fiber under test, and computes and presents the estimated maximum data rate the fiber under test can support.

Klemmschiene für das Aufhängen von Materialen

Hollow core fiber air-gap connector

An air-gap HCF connector termination method and connector assembly for factory and field connector assembly termination for patch cables and trunk cables made from HCF, where in multitude of mechanisms can facilitate air-gap between the first and second HCF fiber end-faces, comprising preparing the HCF end-faces using appropriate cleaving methods including mechanical, ultrasonic and laser cleaving, such that the air-gap separation between first and second HCF's can be anywhere between 0.5-100 microns, where reflection at the connector interface is low with RL>35 dB, due to HCF propagation mode effective index matching with index of air.

Hollow core fiber air-gap connector

An air-gap HCF connector termination method and connector assembly for factory and field connector assembly termination for patch cables and trunk cables made from HCF, where in multitude of mechanisms can facilitate air-gap between the first and second HCF fiber end-faces, comprising preparing the HCF end-faces using appropriate cleaving methods including mechanical, ultrasonic and laser cleaving, such that the air-gap separation between first and second HCF's can be anywhere between 0.5-100 microns, where reflection at the connector interface is low with RL>35 dB, due to HCF propagation mode effective index matching with index of air.

Apparatus and methods for fiber optic bi-directional local area networks

A system for implementing Bi-Di fiber optic LAN has a plurality of optical channels being transmitted over a same optical fiber by using wavelength division multiplexing and wherein at least one of the optical fiber channels have bi-directional transmission. The system also has an access network side located in at least one of a zone distribution area or zone box, access network side cabling distributed across diverse physical distances with individual cable runs; and optical Ethernet transceivers that do not require the high transmitting optical power and high receiver sensitivity typically.

Apparatus and method for terminating and testing connectors

At least some embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of optical fiber splicing and the evaluation of resulting splice joints. In an embodiment, the present invention is an apparatus for evaluating the integrity of a mechanical splice joint, and comprises a light source, digital video camera, digital signal processor, and visual indicator, wherein the apparatus connects to the test connector and the digital signal processor analyzes digital images of the scatter light from at least a portion of the test connector.

Photonic fabric chip device

Apparatuses having a plurality of optical duplex and parallel connector adapters, such as MPO connectors and LC adapters, where some adapters connect to network equipment in a network and others to servers or processing units such as GPUs, incorporate internal photonic circuit with a mesh. The light path of each transmitter and receivers is matched in order to provide proper optical connections from transmitting to receiving fibers, wherein complex arbitrary network topologies can be implemented. In one embodiment, there is provided an apparatus having a plurality of optical duplex and parallel fiber connector adapters, wherein one or more of the adapters are connectable to at least one of network equipment in a network, to servers, or processing units, wherein the apparatus further comprises an internal photonic circuit with an interconnection mesh, wherein the interconnection mesh matches the light path between respective transmitter adapters and receiver adapters in a network topology to provide optical connections from transmitting to receiving fibers.

Apparatus and methods for fiber optic bi-directional local area networks

A system for implementing Bi-Di fiber optic LAN has a plurality of optical channels being transmitted over a same optical fiber by using wavelength division multiplexing and wherein at least one of the optical fiber channels have bi-directional transmission. The system also has an access network side located in at least one of a zone distribution area or zone box, access network side cabling distributed across diverse physical distances with individual cable runs; and optical Ethernet transceivers that do not require the high transmitting optical power and high receiver sensitivity typically.

Fiber optic inspection tool with integrated cleaning mechanism

Fabric modules for high-radix networks

An apparatus having a plurality of multifiber connector interfaces, where some of these multifiber connector interfaces can connect to network equipment in a network using multifiber cables, has an internal mesh implemented in two tiers. The first is configured to rearrange and the second is configured to recombine individual fiber of the different fiber groups. The light path of each transmitter and receiver is matched in order to provide proper optical connections from transmitting to receiving fibers and complex arbitrary network topologies can be implemented with at least 1/N less point to point interconnections, where N=number of channels per multifiber connector interface.

Fabric modules for server to switch connections

An apparatus having a plurality of multifiber connector interfaces, where some of these multifiber connector interfaces can connect to network equipment in a network using multifiber cables, has an internal mesh implemented in two tiers. The first is configured to rearrange and the second is configured to recombine individual fiber of the different fiber groups. The light path of each transmitter and receiver is matched in order to provide proper optical connections from transmitting to receiving fibers and complex arbitrary network topologies can be implemented with at least 1/N less point to point interconnections, where N=number of channels per multifiber connector interface.

Hybrid fiber optic and electrical connector

A system for the transmission of optical and electrical signals has two optical connectors wherein each of the connectors have a metal ferrule electrically connected to a conductor. The system also has an adapter wherein having the connectors optically connected to each other via the adapter also electrically connects the conductor of optical connectors via the metal ferrules of the first and second optical connectors. Alternatively, a system can have first and second optical connectors wherein each of the connectors have an outer housing with a conductive interior surface. This system also has an adapter with at least one metal split sleeve wherein having the connectors optically connected to each other via the adapter also electrically connects optical connectors via the conductive interior surface of the outer housing of each optical connector contacting the at least one metal split sleeve.

Visual inspector attachment for fiber connector cleaners

Various implementations of visual inspector attachments for fiber connector cleaners are disclosed. The example fiber optic inspection module includes a camera to capture an image of an end-face, a light source to illuminate the end-face, and a first mirror that reflects light from the light source to the end-face and includes a fixed point that allows the first mirror to pivot. Alternatively, an example fiber optic inspection module includes a camera to capture an image of an end-face, a light source to illuminate the end-face, and a first mirror that reflects light from the light source to the end-face and the first mirror moves in an upward direction.

Multimode optical fiber and methods of manufacture thereof

The present invention generally relates to the field of fiber optics, and more particularly, to apparatuses, systems, and methods directed towards improving effective modal bandwidth within a fiber optic communication environment. In an embodiment, a multimode optical fiber in accordance with the present invention comprises a core and cladding material system where the refractive indices of the core and cladding are selected to modify the shape of the profile dispersion parameter, y, as a function of wavelength in such a way that the alpha parameter (α- parameter), which defines the refractive index profile, produces negative relative group delays over a broad range of wavelengths. The new shape of the profile dispersion parameter departs from traditional fibers where the profile dispersion parameter monotonically decreases around the selected wavelength that maximizes the effective modal bandwidth (EMB).

Multimode optical fiber and methods of manufacture thereof

The present invention generally relates to the field of fiber optics, and more particularly, to apparatuses, systems, and methods directed towards improving effective modal bandwidth within a fiber optic communication environment. In an embodiment, a multimode optical fiber in accordance with the present invention comprises a core and cladding material system where the refractive indices of the core and cladding are selected to modify the shape of the profile dispersion parameter, y, as a function of wavelength in such a way that the alpha parameter (α- parameter), which defines the refractive index profile, produces negative relative group delays over a broad range of wavelengths. The new shape of the profile dispersion parameter departs from traditional fibers where the profile dispersion parameter monotonically decreases around the selected wavelength that maximizes the effective modal bandwidth (EMB).

Short reach gap connector

An optical fiber connector ferrule assembly has a ferrule holder and a ferrule partially within the ferrule holder. The ferrule holder has a keying feature for setting the angular orientation of the ferrule assembly within a connector housing. The ferrule includes at least one stand-off feature on the end face of the ferrule for maintaining a controlled air gap spacing when mated to a second compatible ferrule assembly.

Smf to mmf coupler

A patch cord for transmitting between a single mode fiber (SMF) and a multi-mode fiber (MMFs) has a MMF, SMF, and a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a hollow core placed between the SMF and MMF. A mode field diameter (MFD) of the PCF hollow core section is in the range of 16 to 19 microns, the length of the PCF is between 1 cm to 10 cm, the MMF has 50±2 microns core diameter, the SMF has a 6-9 microns core diameter, and the coupling between the PCF mode to the MMF fundamental mode is maximized.

Fabric network modules

An apparatus is provided, the apparatus having a plurality of multifiber connector interfaces, wherein one or more of the multifiber connector interfaces are connectable to network equipment in a network using multifiber cables, the apparatus comprising an internal mesh implemented in two tiers, wherein the first tier is configured to rearrange and the second tier is configured to recombine individual fibers of different fiber groups of a respective multifiber connector, wherein the light path between transmitter and receiver multifiber connector interfaces is matched in order to provide optical connections from transmitting to receiving fibers. With this apparatus, complex arbitrary network topologies can be implemented with at least 1/N less point to point interconnections, where N=number of channels per multifiber connector interface.

Fabric modules for high-radix networks

An apparatus having a plurality of multifiber connector interfaces, wherein one or more of the multifiber connector interfaces are connectable to network equipment in a network using multifiber cables, the apparatus comprising an internal mesh implemented in two tiers, wherein the first tier is configured to rearrange and the second tier is configured to recombine individual fibers of different fiber groups of a respective multifiber connector, wherein the light path between transmitter and receiver multifiber connector interfaces is matched in order to provide optical connections from transmitting to receiving fibers. With this apparatus, complex arbitrary network topologies can be implemented with at least 1/N less point to point interconnections, where N=number of channels per multifiber connector interface.

Fabric network modules

An apparatus having a plurality of multifiber connector interfaces, where some of these multifiber connector interfaces can connect to network equipment in a network using multifiber cables, has an internal mesh implemented in two tiers. The first is configured to rearrange and the second is configured to recombine individual fiber of the different fiber groups. The light path of each transmitter and receiver is matched in order to provide proper optical connections from transmitting to receiving fibers and complex arbitrary network topologies can be implemented with at least 1/N less point to point interconnections, where N=number of channels per multifiber connector interface.

Fabric modules for server to switch connections

An apparatus having a plurality of multifiber connector interfaces, where some of these multifiber connector interfaces can connect to network equipment in a network using multifiber cables, has an internal mesh implemented in two tiers. The first is configured to rearrange and the second is configured to recombine individual fiber of the different fiber groups. The light path of each transmitter and receiver is matched in order to provide proper optical connections from transmitting to receiving fibers and complex arbitrary network topologies can be implemented with at least 1/N less point to point interconnections, where N=number of channels per multifiber connector interface.

Photonic fabric chip device

Apparatuses having a plurality of optical duplex and parallel connector adapters, such as MPO connectors and LC adapters, where some adapters connect to network equipment in a network and others to servers or processing units such as GPUs, incorporate internal photonic circuit with a mesh. The light path of each transmitter and receivers is matched in order to provide proper optical connections from transmitting to receiving fibers, wherein complex arbitrary network topologies can be implemented.

Methods for Estimating Modal Bandwidth Spectral Dependence

Methods for estimating the Effective Modal Bandwidth (EMB) of laser optimized Multimode Fiber (MMF) at a specified wavelength, λ S , based on the measured EMB at a first reference measurement wavelength, λ M . In these methods the Differential Mode Delay (DMD) of a MMF is measured and the Effective Modal Bandwidth (EMB) is computed at a first measurement wavelength. By extracting signal features such as centroids, peak power, pulse widths, and skews, as described in this disclosure, the EMB can be estimated at a second specified wavelength with different degrees of accuracy. The first method estimates the EMB at the second specified wavelength based on measurements at the reference wavelength. The second method predicts if the EMB at the second specified wavelength is equal or greater than a specified bandwidth limit.

Methods for Estimating Modal Bandwidth Spectral Dependence

Methods for estimating the Effective Modal Bandwidth (EMB) of laser optimized Multimode Fiber (MMF) at a specified wavelength, λ S , based on the measured EMB at a first reference measurement wavelength, λ M . In these methods the Differential Mode Delay (DMD) of a MMF is measured and the Effective Modal Bandwidth (EMB) is computed at a first measurement wavelength. By extracting signal features such as centroids, peak power, pulse widths, and skews, as described in this disclosure, the EMB can be estimated at a second specified wavelength with different degrees of accuracy. The first method estimates the EMB at the second specified wavelength based on measurements at the reference wavelength. The second method predicts if the EMB at the second specified wavelength is equal or greater than a specified bandwidth limit.

Apparatus and methods for an optical multimode channel bandwidth analyzer

A test apparatus has at least one optical source, a high-speed photodetector, a microcontroller or processor, and electrical circuitry to power and drive the at least one optical source, photodetector, and microcontroller or processor and for measuring the frequency response of a multimode optical fiber under test. The test apparatus can utilize an optical pulse waveform with a light adapter to measure of the channel under test. It can also uses a correction method to de-embed a chromatic bandwidth of the source from the encircled flux modal chromatic bandwidth. The correction method can use correction functions obtained for different type of VCSELs to estimate the optical channel bandwith when used with VCSEL transceivers.

Multi-channel, multi-port mono-directional and bi-directional optical tap coupler

Multi-port multi-channel reconfigurable fiber dispersion reference module

Apparatus for implementing low latency optical channels

A low latency free-space optical data communication channel has at least one optical collimator for transmitting an optical communication signal in the form of a parallel beam across a free-space channel. The input of the collimator includes a connectorized optical fiber pigtail for connecting said collimator to a glass optical fiber carrying the signal to be transmitted across the free-space channel. The optical beam propagates in free space along the longitudinal axis of a raceway, which is at least partially enclosed. The second optical collimator located at the distant end of said raceway, is positioned to receive the free-space optical communication signal. The received signal is focused into a second optical fiber pigtail at the output side of the collimator, thereby resulting in a pigtailed free-space low latency optical channel link.

Methods for estimating modal bandwidth spectral dependence

Methods for estimating the Effective Modal Bandwidth (EMB) of laser optimized Multimode Fiber (MMF) at a specified wavelength, λS, based on the measured EMB at a first reference measurement wavelength, λM. In these methods the Differential Mode Delay (DMD) of a MMF is measured and the Effective Modal Bandwidth (EMB) is computed at a first measurement wavelength. By extracting signal features such as centroids, peak power, pulse widths, and skews, as described in this disclosure, the EMB can be estimated at a second specified wavelength with different degrees of accuracy. The first method estimates the EMB at the second specified wavelength based on measurements at the reference wavelength. The second method predicts if the EMB at the second specified wavelength is equal or greater than a specified bandwidth limit.

Methods for estimating modal bandwidth spectral dependence

Methods for estimating the Effective Modal Bandwidth (EMB) of laser optimized Multimode Fiber (MMF) at a specified wavelength, λS, based on the measured EMB at a first reference measurement wavelength, λM. In these methods the Differential Mode Delay (DMD) of a MMF is measured and the Effective Modal Bandwidth (EMB) is computed at a first measurement wavelength. By extracting signal features such as centroids, peak power, pulse widths, and skews, as described in this disclosure, the EMB can be estimated at a second specified wavelength with different degrees of accuracy. The first method estimates the EMB at the second specified wavelength based on measurements at the reference wavelength. The second method predicts if the EMB at the second specified wavelength is equal or greater than a specified bandwidth limit.