Multi-functional ionic liquid compositions for overcoming polymorphism and imparting improved properties for active pharmaceutical, biological, nutritional, and energetic ingredients

Disclosed are ionic liquids and methods of preparing ionic liquid compositions of active pharmaceutical, biological, nutritional, and energetic ingredients. Also disclosed are methods of using the compositions described herein to overcome polymorphism, overcome solubility and delivery problems, to control release rates, add functionality, enhance efficacy (synergy), and improve ease of use and manufacture.

Process and apparatus for making aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions

This invention relates to a process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, comprising: (A) mixing a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel and at least one chemical additive to form a hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture; and (B) mixing said hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture with water under high shear mixing conditions in a high shear mixer to form said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition including a discontinuous aqueous phase, said discontinuous aqueous phase being comprised of aqueous droplets having a mean diameter of 1.0 micron or less. An apparatus for operating the foregoing process is also disclosed. Aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions are disclosed.

Spark-plug LDV, LIF, and LII probe for engine flow and combustion analysis

A traversable, fiber-optic probe design for flow-related measurements in a production-car IC engine during normal operating conditions may be fitted into an M8 spark-plug hole and traversed as much as 50 mm in an axial direction of the spark plug, allowing measurements inside the engine cylinder including the spark plug location. Components of the laser-based system include on-table optics used to generate laser beams and a data acquisition and reduction system used to extract the information measured from the signal produced by the fiber-optic probe.

Diesel fuel compositions

Diesel fuel oil compositions comprising high molecular weight, high total base number nitrogen containing dispersants provide exceptional diesel fuel injector cleanliness.

Child safety seat with emergency harness release

The present disclosure discloses a child safety seat comprising: (a) a supporting base structure adapted to be secured to a vehicle seat; (b) a child seating surface wherein the seating surface comprises a seat bottom and a seat back, and wherein the seat back has disposed therein at least one pair of laterally spaced shoulder belt restraints; (c) a child harness wherein the harness comprises a pair of shoulder belts running from the restraints in the seat back to a seat bottom locking tongue, each shoulder belt having a restraint engaging means affixed to an extreme end of the belt for insertion into the laterally spaced pair of restraints in the seat back, and a buckle affixed to the front center portion of the seat bottom for receiving the seat bottom locking tongue; and (d) an emergency means of disengaging at least one of shoulder belts from at least one of the restraints in the back of the seat, the disengaging means being actuated from the rear face or side of the seat.

GEL ADDITIVES FOR FUEL THAT REDUCE SOOT AND/OR EMISSIONS FROM ENGINES

An additive gel for fuels that reduces the soot content in lubricating oil and/or emission in an engine. Further a process employing an additive gel for fuel in a fuel system to decrease the amount of soot in the lubricating oil of an engine and/or decrease the emissions from an engine. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

IONIC LIQUID RECONSTITUTED CELLULOSE COMPOSITES AS SOLID SUPPORT MATRICES

Disclosed are composites comprising regenerated cellulose, a first active substance, a second active substance, and a linker. Methods for preparing the composites that involve the use of ionic liquids are also disclosed. Articles prepared from the disclosed composites and further disclosed. © KIPO & WIPO 2008 ...

COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING RECYCLABLE IONIC LIQUIDS FOR USE IN BIOMASS PROCESSING

Compositions containing biomass, an ionic liquid, and an amide are described herein. Methods of their preparation and use in extracting and processing biomass are also described herein. Further described herein are films and fibers prepared from the compositions. Methods of recovering the ionic liquids used to process the biomass are also provided.

EXFOLIATION OF GRAPHITE USING IONIC LIQUIDS

Disclosed are methods of exfoliating graphite using one or more ionic liquids. Also disclosed is the exfoliated graphite and/or graphene provided by a disclosed method. Further disclosed are composites comprising exfoliated graphite and/or graphene and methods of making the composites.

Ionic liquid systems for the processing of biomass, their components and/or derivatives, and mixtures thereof

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods that involve ionic liquids and biomass. Multiphasic compositions involving ionic liquids and a polymer and uses of such compositions for fractioning various components of biomass are disclosed. Methods of making and using compositions comprising an ionic liquid, biomass, and a catalyst are also disclosed.

Conductive composites prepared using ionic liquids

Disclosed are conductive composites prepared from ionic liquids, compositions for preparing the composites, and methods of making and using the composites.

SILANES AS A SOURCE OF HYDROGEN

Disclosed are compositions, methods, and devices that generally relate to silanes and suicides and to uses thereof for hydrogen generation. Methods and devices for generating hydrogen for fuel cells and for other applications such as fuel or a supplementary fuel for internal combustion engines and reducing agents to improve catalyst efficiency are also disclosed. © KIPO & WIPO 2008 ...

METHOD OF OPERATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE BY INTRODUCING DETERGENT INTO COMBUSTION CHAMBER

In a method operating an internal combustion engine, a nitrogen- containing detergent composition is introduced into a combustion chamber of the engine wherein the detergent composition can improve the performance of both a fuel composition and a lubricating oil of the engine. The detergent composition contains (A) a reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and an amine, (B) a hydrocarbyl- substituted amine, (C) a Mannich reaction product, (D) a high molecular weight polyetheramine, or (E) a mixture thereof. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

Process and apparatus for making aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition

This invention relates to a process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, comprising: (A) mixing a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel and at least one chemical additive to form a hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture; and (B) mixing said hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture with water under high shear mixing conditions in a high shear mixer to form said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition including a discontinuous aqueous phase, said discontinuous aqueous phase being comprised of aqueous droplets having a mean diameter of 1.0 micron or less. An apparatus for operating the foregoing process is also disclosed. Aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions are disclosed.

DUAL FUNCTIONING IONIC LIQUIDS AND SALTS THEREOF

Disclosed herein are ionic liquid compositions comprising active pharmaceutical, biological, and nutritional compounds, and methods of use. Further disclosed are compositions of matter including liquid ion pairs alone or in solution and their use; compositions of ionic liquids that are ‘solvated,’ for example, ‘hydrated’ and their uses. 1. A method for preparing a bioactive co-ionic ionic liquid composition , comprising:{'sup': 1', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2, 'combining two cations or cation precursors, represented as Band B, with one anion, represented as A, or combining two anions or anion precursors, represented as Aand A, with one cation, represented as B, thereby producing a co-ionic liquid [BHB]A or B[AHA], where H is hydrogen, that is liquid at a temperature at or below about 150° C., wherein B, BA, and Aare pharmaceutical actives.'}2. The method ofwherein from about 75% to about 100% of the composition comprises an ion pair.37-. (canceled)8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cations and anions or the cation precursors and anion precursors are combined in the presence of one or more solvents claim 1 , thereby producing a solvated ionic liquid; wherein at least a portion of the solvent provides direct solvation.911-. (canceled)12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein acid HAis added to an non-protic ionic liquid having the formula BA.13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein base Bis added to an ionic liquid having the formula [BH]A.14. (canceled)15. (canceled)16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein combining the cation precursor and anion precursor is accomplished by an acid-base neutralization reaction wherein the ratio of acid to base used for the neutralization reaction is not 1:1.1759-. (canceled)60. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cations Band Bare choline claim 1 , lidocaine claim 1 , tramadolium claim 1 , caffeine claim 1 , cetylpyridinium claim 1 , ephedrinium or promethazine.61. The method ...

MULTI-FUNCTIONAL IONIC LIQUID COMPOSITIONS FOR OVERCOMING POLYMORPHISM AND IMPARTING IMPROVED PROPERTIES FOR ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL, BIOLOGICAL, NUTRITIONAL, AND ENERGETIC INGREDIENTS

Disclosed are ionic liquids and methods of preparing ionic liquid compositions of active pharmaceutical, biological, nutritional, and energetic ingredients. Also disclosed are methods of using the compositions described herein to overcome polymorphism, overcome solubility and delivery problems, to control release rates, add functionality, enhance efficacy (synergy), and improve ease of use and manufacture. © KIPO & WIPO 2008 ...

Additive composition

This invention relates to a composition, comprising:(A) a compound represented by the formulawherein in formula (I), R is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl group of about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms, an n is a number in the range of about 12 to about 30; and(B) a compound selected from the group consisting of: a fatty acid; a fatty acid amide; a fatty acid ester; an amide, imide or ester derived from a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acid or anhydride wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent has about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms; an alkoxylated amine, and mixtures of two or more thereof. The invention also relates to concentrates and fuels containing the foregoing composition.

Emulsified water-blended fuel compositions

This invention relates to an emulsified water-blended fuel composition comprising: (A) a hydrocarbon boiling in the gasoline or diesel range; (B) water; (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one fuel-soluble salt made by reacting (C)(I) at least one acylating agent having about 16 to 500 carbon atoms with (C)(II) ammonia and/or at least one amine; and (D) about 0.001 to about 15% by weight of the water-blended fuel composition of a water soluble, ashless, halogen-, boron-, and phosphorus-free, amine salt, distinct from component (C). In one embodiment, the composition further comprises (E) at least one cosurfactant distinct from component (C); in one embodiment, (F) at least one organic cetane improver; and in one embodiment, (G) at least one antifreeze. The invention also relates to a method for fueling an internal combustion engine comprising fueling said engine with the composition of the present invention.

Organic photovoltaic-battery hybrid device

Photoactive layers for use in a photovoltaic cell are described. The photoactive layers comprise at least one photoactive ion paired with another ion. This photoactive ion pair can be in the form of an ionic liquid, hydrogen bonded ion pair, cocrystal, or complex to allow for greater flexibility and portability. Also described are photovoltaic cells that contain the described photoactive layers sandwiched between two electrodes.

Cellulosic biocomposites as molecular scaffolds for nano-architectures

Disclosed are composites that comprise regenerated cellulose, a first active substance, a second active substance, and a linker. Methods for preparing the composites that involve the use of ionic liquids are also disclosed. Articles prepared from the disclosed composites and methods of using them are further disclosed.

System Containing Oxygen Enriched Diesel Particulate Filter and Method Thereof

A system for treatment of exhaust emissions from a compression-ignited internal combustion engine comprises (A) a superatmospheric-pressurized source of gaseous oxygen, (B) an inlet for the gaseous oxygen of component (A) where the exhaust emissions from the engine flow past the inlet and form a mixture with the gaseous oxygen from the inlet, and (C) a diesel particulate filter or catalyzed diesel particulate filter through which the mixture of engine exhaust emissions and gaseous oxygen flows, where the oxygen content of the mixture is greater than the oxygen content of the exhaust emissions from the engine. A method for improving the performance of a diesel particulate filter or catalyzed diesel particulate filter in a compression-ignited internal combustion engine comprises operating the engine and treating the exhaust emissions from the engine with the exhaust emissions treatment system.

Method of operating internal combustion engine by introducing detergent into combustion chamber

In a method of operating an internal combustion engine, a nitrogen-containing detergent composition is introduced into a combustion chamber of the engine wherein the detergent composition can improve the performance of both a fuel composition and a lubricating oil of the engine. The detergent composition contains (A) a reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and an amine, (B) a hydrocarbyl-substituted amine, (C) a Mannich reaction product, (D) a high molecular weight polyetheramine, or (E) a mixture thereof.

Fuel additives and fuel compositions comprising said fuel additives

A fuel additive composition comprising at least one amine, whereun said at least one amine contains at least one polyolefin group and at least one polyetheramine. These compositions are useful as fuel additives for reducing intake valve deposits. In addition, these compositions do not contribute to an increase in combustion chamber deposits in port fuel injected internal combustion engines.

PROCESS FOR FORMING FILMS, FIBERS, AND BEADS FROM CHITINOUS BIOMASS

Disclosed is a process for forming films, fibers, and beads comprising a chitinous mass, for example, chitin, chitosan obtained from one or more biomasses. The disclosed process can be used to prepare films, fibers, and beads comprising only polymers, i.e., chitin, obtained from a suitable biomass, or the films, fibers, and beads can comprise a mixture of polymers obtained from a suitable biomass and a naturally occurring and/or synthetic polymer. Disclosed herein are the films, fibers, and beads obtained from the disclosed process. This Abstract is presented solely to aid in searching the subject matter disclosed herein and is not intended to define, limit, or otherwise provide the full scope of the disclosed subject matter.

Systems and Methods for Releasing Children from Safety Seats

The present disclosure generally pertains to systems and methods for releasing children from child safety seats. A child safety seat is secured to a vehicle seat, and a child is secured to the child safety seat. A single release action enables the child to be removed from the child safety seat thereby facilitating removal of the child from the child safety seat and reducing the time required to remove the child from the child safety seat.

Emulsified water-blended fuel compositions

This invention relates to an emulsified water-blended fuel composition comprising: (A) a hydrocarbon boiling in the gasoline or diesel range; (B) water; (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one fuel-soluble salt made by reacting (C)(I) at least one acylating agent having about 16 to 500 carbon atoms with (C)(II) ammonia and/or at least one amine; and (D) about 0.001 to about 15% by weight of the water-blended fuel composition of a water soluble, ashless, halogen-, boron-, and phosphorus-free, amine salt, distinct from component (C). In one embodiment, the composition further comprises (E) at least one cosurfactant distinct from component (C); in one embodiment, (F) at least one organic cetane improver; and in one embodiment, (G) at least one antifreeze. The invention also relates to a method for fueling an internal combustion engine comprising fueling said engine with the composition of the present invention.

Ethanol-diesel fuel composition and methods thereof

A fuel composition of the present invention comprises (a) a diesel fuel, (b) ethanol, (c) a surfactant, and optionally (d) a combustion improver. Methods employ the fuel composition of the present invention to provide a stable fuel composition, to improve lubricity of a fuel composition and to reduce exhaust emissions of a compression-ignited internal combustion engine.

Silanes as a source of hydrogen

Disclosed are compositions, methods, and devices that generally relate to silanes and silicides and to uses thereof for hydrogen generation. Methods and devices for generating hydrogen for fuel cells and for other applications such as fuel or a supplementary fuel for internal combustion engines and reducing agents to improve catalyst efficiency are also disclosed.

Cellulosic biocomposites as molecular scaffolds for nano-architectures

Disclosed are composites that comprise regenerated cellulose, a first active substance, a second active substance, and a linker. Methods for preparing the composites that involve the use of ionic liquids are also disclosed. Articles prepared from the disclosed composites and methods of using them are further disclosed. 1. A cellulose/active substance composite , comprising: a regenerated cellulose matrix; and a first active substance comprising a polyamidoamine dendrimer , polyamine dendrimer , or polyether amine , wherein the first active substance is crosslinked with a linker and substantially homogeneously distributed within the matrix of regenerated cellulose.2. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the regenerated cellulose has substantially the same molecular weight as a starting cellulose from which the regenerated cellulose is prepared claim 1 , wherein the regenerated cellulose is substantially free of an increased amount of substituent groups relative to the starting cellulose claim 1 , and wherein the regenerated cellulose is substantially free of entrapped ionic liquid degradation products.3. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of regenerated cellulose to first active substance is from about 1000:1 to about 1:2.4. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the loss of first active substance is less than 5 weight % of the composite when the composite is placed in excess water.511-. (canceled)12. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the linker is 1 to 20 atoms in length.13. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the linker comprises a substituted or unsubstituted claim 1 , branched or unbranched claim 1 , alkyl claim 1 , alkenyl claim 1 , or alkynyl group claim 1 , ether claim 1 , ester claim 1 , polyether claim 1 , polyester claim 1 , polyalkylene claim 1 , polyamines claim 1 , heteroatom substituted alkyl claim 1 , alkenyl claim 1 , or alkynyl group claim 1 , cycloalkyl group claim 1 , cycloalkenyl group claim 1 , heterocycloalkyl group claim 1 , or ...

Ethanol-diesel fuel composition and methods thereof

A fuel composition for use in an internal combustion engine containing (a) a diesel fuel, (b) ethanol, (c) a surfactant, and optionally (d) a combustion improver, which provides lubricity to the engine and reduces exhaust emissions.

Process and apparatus for making aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition

This invention relates to a process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, comprising: (A) mixing a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel and at least one chemical additive to form a hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture; and (B) mixing said hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture with water under high shear mixing conditions in a high shear mixer to form said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition including a discontinuous aqueous phase, said discontinuous aqueous phase being comprised of aqueous droplets having a mean diameter of 1.0 micron or less. An apparatus for operating the foregoing process is also disclosed. Aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions are disclosed.

Emulsified water-blended fuel compositions

This invention relates to an emulsified water-blended fuel composition comprising: (A) a hydrocarbon boiling in the gasoline or diesel range; (B) water; (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one fuel-soluble salt made by reacting (C)(I) at least one acylating agent having about 16 to 500 carbon atoms with (C)(II) ammonia and/or at least one amine; and (D) about 0.001 to about 15% by weight of the water-blended fuel composition of a water soluble, ashless, halogen-, boron-, and phosphorus-free, amine salt, distinct from component (C). In one embodiment, the composition further comprises (E) at least one cosurfactant distinct from component (C); in one embodiment, (F) at least one organic cetane improver; and in one embodiment, (G) at least one antifreeze. The invention also relates to a method for fueling an internal combustion engine comprising fueling said engine with the composition of the present invention.

CONDUCTIVE COMPOSITES PREPARED USING IONIC LIQUIDS

Disclosed are conductive composites prepared from ionic liquids, compositions for preparing the composites, and methods of making and using the composites.

METHODS FOR DISSOLVING POLYMERS USING MIXTURES OF DIFFERENT IONIC LIQUIDS AND COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING THE MIXTURES

Disclosed are methods for dissolving biopolymers and synthetic polymers using mixtures of different ionic liquids and compositions comprising the mixture. The methods involve contacting a polymer with a mixture of ionic liquids to provide a composition of polymer and the mixture; the mixture of ionic liquids is prepared by either mixing ionic liquids or by a process comprising reacting ionic liquid precursors in one-pot to form the ionic liquids. 1. A method for dissolving a polymer , comprising:a. contacting the polymer with a mixture of ionic liquids to provide a composition of polymer and the mixture;wherein the polymer is a biopolymer or synthetic polymer;wherein the mixture of ionic liquids comprises ionic liquids having different cations and/or anions and wherein the mixture of ionic liquids is prepared by a process comprising reacting ionic liquid precursors in one-pot to form the ionic liquids; andb. at least partially dissolving the polymer in the mixture.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is a biopolymer comprising starch claim 1 , pectin claim 1 , chitin claim 1 , chitosan claim 1 , alginate claim 1 , silk claim 1 , elastin claim 1 , collagen claim 1 , gelatin claim 1 , hemicellulose claim 1 , lignin claim 1 , or cellulose.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is a synthetic polymer having hydrogen bond donors and/or hydrogen bond acceptors.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the synthetic polymer comprises polyethylene glycol claim 3 , polypropylene glycol claim 3 , or polyethyleneamine.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises the polymer in an amount up to about 50% by weight of the composition.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises the polymer in an amount up to about 35% by weight of the composition.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises the polymer in an amount up to about 25% by weight of the composition.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises ...

CHILD SAFETY SEAT WITH EMERGENCY HARNESS RELEASE

The present disclosure discloses a child safety seat comprising: (a) a supporting base structure adapted to be secured to a vehicle seat; (b) a child seating surface wherein the seating surface comprises a seat bottom and a seat back, and wherein the seat back has disposed therein at least one pair of laterally spaced shoulder belt restraints; (c) a child harness wherein the harness comprises a pair of shoulder belts running from the restraints in the seat back to a seat bottom locking tongue, each shoulder belt having a restraint engaging means affixed to an extreme end of the belt for insertion into the laterally spaced pair of restraints in the seat back, and a buckle affixed to the front center portion of the seat bottom for receiving the seat bottom locking tongue; and (d) an emergency means of disengaging at least one of shoulder belts from at least one of the restraints in the back of the seat, the disengaging means being actuated from the rear face or side of the seat.

Silanes as a source of hydrogen

Disclosed are compositions, methods, and devices that generally relate to silanes and silicides and to uses thereof for hydrogen generation. Methods and devices for generating hydrogen for fuel cells and for other applications such as fuel or a supplementary fuel for internal combustion engines and reducing agents to improve catalyst efficiency are also disclosed.

ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC-BATTERY HYBRID DEVICE

Photoactive layers for use in a photovoltaic cell are described. The photoactive layers comprise at least one photoactive ion paired with another ion. This photoactive ion pair can be in the form of an ionic liquid, hydrogen bonded ion pair, cocrystal, or complex to allow for greater flexibility and portability. Also described are photovoltaic cells that contain the described photoactive layers sandwiched between two electrodes.

Method of operating a direct injection spark-ignited engine with a fuel composition

The present invention is directed to a method to clean up or keep clean the fuel system of a direct injection spark-ignited engine by operating the engine with a fuel composition that includes a liquid fuel and a fuel additive composition. The fuel additive composition useful in the present invention has at least one nitrogen-containing dispersant and optionally a fluidizer where the dispersant has a specific lipophilic parameter and the dispersant or the dispersant and the fluidizer have a specific hydrophilic-lipophilic parameter, the dispersant provides about 0.15 to about 50 ppm by weight nitrogen in the fuel composition, and the fluidizer and/or the dispersant provide about 10 to about 10,000 ppm by weight active components in the fuel composition. The method of the present invention is effective in controlling deposits in fuel injectors and combustion chambers of a direct injection spark-ignited engine.

Gel additives for fuel that reduce soot and/or emissions from engines

An additive gel for fuels that reduces the soot content in lubricating oil and/or emission in an engine. Further a process employing an additive gel for fuel in a fuel system to decrease the amount of soot in the lubricating oil of an engine and/or decrease the emissions from an engine.

Method of operating a direct injection spark-ignited engine with a fuel composition

The present invention is directed to a method to clean up or keep clean the fuel system of a direct injection spark-ignited engine by operating the engine with a fuel composition that includes a liquid fuel and a fuel additive composition. The fuel additive composition useful in the present invention has at least one nitrogen-containing dispersant and optionally a fluidizer where the dispersant has a specific lipophilic parameter and the dispersant or the dispersant and the fluidizer have a specific hydrophilic-lipophilic parameter, the dispersant provides about 0.15 to about 50 ppm by weight nitrogen in the fuel composition, and the fluidizer and/or the dispersant provide about 10 to about 10,000 ppm by weight active components in the fuel composition. The method of the present invention is effective in controlling deposits in fuel injectors and combustion chambers of a direct injection spark-ignited engine.

Multi-functional ionic liquid compositions for overcoming polymorphism and imparting improved properties for active pharmaceutical, biological, nutritional, and energetic ingredients

Disclosed are ionic liquids and methods of preparing ionic liquid compositions of active pharmaceutical, biological, nutritional, and energetic ingredients. Also disclosed are methods of using the compositions described herein to overcome polymorphism, overcome solubility and delivery problems, to control release rates, add functionality, enhance efficacy (synergy), and improve ease of use and manufacture.

PECTIN COMPOUNDS, METHODS OF USING PECTIN COMPOUNDS, AND METHODS OF CONTROLLING WATER SOLUBILITY

Briefly described, embodiments of the present disclosure provide for compositions including pectin compounds, pectin compounds, methods of making pectin compounds, methods of controlling the water solubility of a pectin compound, methods of controlling the water solubility of an agent, beads including pectin compounds, and the like.

Process for forming films, fibers, and beads from chitinous biomass

Disclosed is a process for forming films, fibers, and beads comprising a chitinous mass, for example, chitin, chitosan obtained from one or more biomasses. The disclosed process can be used to prepare films, fibers, and beads comprising only polymers, i.e., chitin, obtained from a suitable biomass, or the films, fibers, and beads can comprise a mixture of polymers obtained from a suitable biomass and a naturally occurring and/or synthetic polymer. Disclosed herein are the films, fibers, and beads obtained from the disclosed process. This Abstract is presented solely to aid in searching the subject matter disclosed herein and is not intended to define, limit, or otherwise provide the full scope of the disclosed subject matter.

Multi-Functional Ionic Liquid Compositions for Overcoming Polymorphism and Imparting Improved Properties for Active Pharmaceutical, Biological, Nutritional, and Energetic Ingredients

Disclosed are ionic liquids and methods of preparing ionic liquid compositions of active pharmaceutical, biological, nutritional, and energetic ingredients. Also disclosed are methods of using the compositions described herein to overcome polymorphism, overcome solubility and delivery problems, to control release rates, add functionality, enhance efficacy (synergy), and improve ease of use and manufacture.

Compositions containing recyclable ionic liquids for use in biomass processing

Compositions containing biomass, an ionic liquid, and an amide are described herein. Methods of their preparation and use in extracting and processing biomass are also described herein. Further described herein are films and fibers prepared from the compositions. Methods of recovering the ionic liquids used to process the biomass are also provided.

HERBICIDAL COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USE

Disclosed are compositions and methods of preparing compositions of active herbicidal ingredients. Also disclosed are methods of using the compositions described herein to improve herbicide delivery and efficacy, enhance herbicidal penetration, reduce herbicide volatility and drift, diminish environmental damage from herbicides, decrease water solubility and volatility of herbicides, and introduce additional biological function to herbicides. 1. A composition , comprising: at least one kind of cation , wherein the cation is not a protonated tertiary amine , a protonated heteroarylamine , a protonated pyrrolidine , or a metal , and wherein the cation has a bioactive property; and at least one herbicidal anion.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the cation and anion form an ion pair claim 1 , an ionic liquid claim 1 , are hydrogen bonded claim 1 , form a complex claim 1 , a eutectic claim 1 , or a cocrystal.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one herbicidal anion is selected from the group consisting of 3 claim 1 ,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoate claim 1 , 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionate claim 1 , or 2-((phosphonomethyl)amino)acetate.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one kind of cation is selected from the group consisting of an herbicidal active claim 1 , a pesticidal active claim 1 , a nutritional active claim 1 , an algaecidal active claim 1 , an insecticidal active claim 1 , a miticidal active claim 1 , a molluscicidal active claim 1 , a nematicidal active claim 1 , a rodenticidal active claim 1 , and a virucidal active.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one kind of cation is a surfactant cation.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one kind of cation is an antimicrobial cation or an antifungal cation.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one kind of cation is a penetration enhancing cation.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the penetration enhancing cation is a fatty ...

SUPPORTED BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS

The present invention relates to biologically active compounds, particularly liquid compounds, which are immobilized on a solid carrier material, particularly on mesoporous silica. The compounds are non-covalently supported on the solid carrier material thereby forming stable, easily handled solids which have the further advantage that the adsorbed biologically active compounds have improved thermal stability compared with the non-adsorbed compounds, and that they are released rapidly and completely from the carrier material when placed in an aqueous environment. 1. A composition comprising a biologically active compound which is non-covalently and releaseably adsorbed on a solid carrier material consisting of mesoporous silica , wherein by placement in an aqueous environment said biologically active compound is released from said carrier material.2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the biologically active compound comprises one or more compounds and mixtures thereof.3. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the biologically active compound comprises mixtures of ionic and non-ionic compounds.4. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the biologically active compound comprises one or more biologically active ions.5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the biologically active compound is a eutectic mixture comprising one or more biologically active compounds.6. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the biologically active compound is non-ionic.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the biologically active compound is liquid at or below 25° C.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the biologically active compound is liquid at or below 37° C.9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the biologically active compound is liquid above 37° C.10. The composition according to claim 12 , wherein by placement in an aqueous environment both the anionic and cationic parts of said ionic compound are released from said carrier ...

SOAP FORMULATIONS WITH POLYSACCHARIDE

Soap compositions including a polymer matrix comprising a first polymer, a polysaccharide that is substantially homogenously distributed within the polymer matrix, and a fatty acid are disclosed. 1. A soap composition comprising:a polymer matrix comprising a first polymer,a polysaccharide that is substantially homogenously distributed within the polymer matrix, anda fatty acid.2. The soap composition of claim 1 , wherein the first polymer has a melting temperature of 150° C. or less.3. The soap composition of claim 1 , wherein the first polymer is selected from a polyalkylene oxide claim 1 , a polyamine claim 1 , a polyimine claim 1 , a polyalcohol claim 1 , a polyvinyl acetate claim 1 , a polycarboxylic acid claim 1 , a polyanhydride claim 1 , cellulose claim 1 , a blend thereof claim 1 , or a copolymer thereof.4. The soap composition of claim 1 , wherein the first polymer is selected from polyvinyl amine claim 1 , polyetheramine claim 1 , polyoxyalkylene amine claim 1 , polyalkyleneimine claim 1 , polyethylene oxide claim 1 , polypropylene oxide claim 1 , polyvinyl alcohol claim 1 , polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer claim 1 , polyethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer claim 1 , polylactic acid claim 1 , polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer claim 1 , polylactic acid-succinic acid copolymer claim 1 , a blend thereof claim 1 , or a copolymer thereof.5. The soap composition of claim 1 , wherein the first polymer in the polymer matrix is crosslinked with a linker.6. The soap composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer matrix is present in an amount of from 50% to 90% by weight claim 1 , based on the total weight of the soap composition.7. The soap composition of claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide comprises chitin claim 1 , chitosan claim 1 , cellulose claim 1 , or a combination thereof.8. The soap composition of claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide is present in an amount of from 1% to 35% by weight claim 1 , based on the total weight of the soap composition.9. The ...

METHODS FOR DISSOLVING POLYMERS USING MIXTURES OF DIFFERENT IONIC LIQUIDS AND COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING THE MIXTURES

Disclosed are methods for dissolving biopolymers and synthetic polymers using mixtures of different ionic liquids and compositions comprising the mixture. The methods involve contacting a polymer with a mixture of ionic liquids to provide a composition of polymer and the mixture; the mixture of ionic liquids is prepared by either mixing ionic liquids or by a process comprising reacting ionic liquid precursors in one-pot to form the ionic liquids. 124-. (canceled)26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the composition comprises the biopolymer in an amount up to 35% by weight of the composition.27. The method of claim 25 , wherein the composition comprises the biopolymer in an amount up to 25% by weight of the composition.28. The method of claim 25 , wherein the composition comprises the biopolymer in an amount up to 10% by weight of the composition.29. The method of claim 25 , wherein the composition comprises the biopolymer in an amount up to 5% by weight of the composition.30. The method of claim 25 , wherein step (b) comprises processing the composition at a temperature of from 0° C. to 120° C.31. The method of claim 25 , wherein step (b) comprises heating the composition at a temperature of from 40° C. to 120° C.32. The method of claim 25 , wherein step (b) comprises heating the composition at a temperature of from 80° C. to 120° C.33. The method of claim 25 , wherein step (b) comprises agitating the composition.34. The method of claim 25 , wherein step (b) comprises irradiating the composition with microwaves.35. The method of claim 25 , wherein step (b) comprises processing the composition from 1 to 12 hours.36. The method of claim 25 , wherein step (b) comprises processing the composition from 1 to 5 hours.38. The method of claim 25 , wherein the ternary mixture of ionic liquids further comprises carboxylate salts.39. The method of claim 38 , wherein the carboxylate salt is sodium acetate claim 38 , potassium acetate claim 38 , or choline acetate. This ...

CHITIN AND ALGINATE COMPOSITE FIBERS

Disclosed herein are composite fibers that comprises chitin and alginate. The formation of the chitinous-alginate composite fiber involves the use of ionic liquids and high molecular weight pure chitin obtained directly from chitin biomass. Optional additive such as vitamin E is successfully incorporated in to the composite fiber. The chitinousalginate fiber formed has a continuous and homogenous morphology, even with the addition of additive. Methods of making and using the chitinous-alginate composite fiber as wound dressing is also disclosed. 1. A composite fiber comprising at least 80% by weight of combined chitinous and alginate components in a predetermined ratio having a continuous and homogenous morphology.2. The composite fiber of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio between the chitinous component and the alginate component is at least 2:1.3. The composite fiber of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio between the chitinous component and the alginate component is at least 3:1.4. The composite fiber of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio between the chitinous component and the alginate component is at least 4:1.5. The composite fiber of claim 1 , wherein the composite fiber further comprising an additive.6. The composite fiber of claim 1 , wherein the additive is vitamins claim 1 , nutraceuticals claim 1 , non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs claim 1 , anesthetics claim 1 , analgesics claim 1 , or ionic liquid active pharmaceutical ingredients.7. The composite fiber of claim 1 , wherein the additive is vitamin E that is about 10% by weight of the composite fiber and the combined chitin and alginate component is about 90% by weight of the composite fiber.8. The composite fiber of claim 1 , wherein the linear mass density of the composite fiber is at least 10 times of the linear mass density of alginate fibers.9. The composite fiber of claim 1 , wherein the moisture content of the composite fiber is at least 50% less than the moisture content of alginate fibers.10 ...

EXFOLIATION OF GRAPHITE USING IONIC LIQUIDS

Disclosed are methods of exfoliating graphite using one or more ionic liquids. Also disclosed is the exfoliated graphite and/or graphene provided by a disclosed method. Further disclosed are composites comprising exfoliated graphite and/or graphene and methods of making the composites. 15-. (canceled)6. A method for exfoliating graphite , the method comprising:a. providing a mixture comprising graphite and at least one ionic liquid;b. substantially homogenizing the mixture, thereby exfoliating graphite and providing graphene.7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising claim 6 , after step (b) claim 6 , substantially de-homogenizing the mixture.8. The method of claim 6 , further comprising extracting the exfoliated graphite and graphene from the mixture.9. (canceled)10. The method of claim 6 , wherein substantially homogenizing the mixture comprises agitating the mixture for a period of time sufficient to exfoliate graphite and substantially homogenize the mixture.11. The method of claim 6 , wherein substantially homogenizing the mixture comprises sonicating the mixture for a period of time sufficient to exfoliate graphite and substantially homogenize the mixture.12. The method of claim 6 , wherein the method does not comprise applying an electrical current to the mixture.13. The method of claim 6 , wherein the method does not comprise applying an electrical potential between two graphitic electrodes.14. (canceled)15. A method for making a polymer composite comprising exfoliated graphite and graphene claim 6 , the method comprising:a. providing a first mixture comprising a polymer and a solvent;b. providing a precursor mixture comprising graphite and at least one ionic liquid and substantially homogenizing the precursor mixture, thereby providing a second mixture comprising exfoliated graphite and graphene and the at least one ionic liquid; andc. mixing the first mixture with the second mixture to provide a third mixture, thereby making the polymer composite ...

Diesel fuels containing organometallic complexes

This invention relates to diesel fuels which are useful with diesel engines equipped with exhaust system particulate traps. These fuels contain an effective amount of an organometallic complex to lower the ignition temperature of exhaust particles collected in the trap. The organometallic complex is soluble or stably dispersible in the diesel fuel and is derived from (i) an organic compound containing at least two functional groups attached to a hydrocarbon linkage, and (ii) a metal reactant capable of forming a complex with the organic compound (i), the metal being any metal capable of reducing the ignition temperature of the exhaust particles. The functional groups include ═X, --XR, ##STR1## --CN, --N═NR and --N═CR 2 ; wherein X is O or S, R is H or hydrocarbyl, R* is hydrocarbylene or hydrocarbylidene, and a is a number (e.g., zero to about 10). Useful metals include Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Mo, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, B, Pb, Sb, and mixtures of two or more thereof. This invention is also directed to methods of operating a diesel engine equipped with an exhaust system particulate trap using the foregoing diesel fuel.

Organometallic complex-antioxidant combinations, and concentrates and diesel fuels containing same

This invention relates to combinations of (A) organometallic complexes and (B) antioxidants. These combinations can be used in diesel fuels for operating diesel engines equipped with exhaust system particulate traps. The combination of (A) and (B) is useful in lowering the ignition temperature of exhaust particles collected in the trap. The organometallic complex (A) is soluble or stably dispersible in the diesel fuel and is derived from (i) an organic compound containing at least two functional groups attached to a hydrocarbon linkage, and (ii) a metal reactant capable of forming a complex with the organic compound (i), the metal being any metal capable of reducing the ignition temperature of the exhaust particles. The functional groups include ═X, --XR, --NR 2 , --NO 2 , ═NR, ═NXR, ═N--R*--XR, ##STR1## --CN, --N═NR and --N═CR 2 ; wherein X is O or S, R is H or hydrocarbyl, R* is hydrocarbylene or hydrocarbylidene, and a is a number (e.g., zero to about 10). Useful metals include Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sb, and mixtures of two or more thereof. This invention is also directed to concentrates and diesel fuels, and to methods of operating a diesel engine equipped with an exhaust system particulate trap.

Copper-containing organometallic complexes and concentrates and diesel fuels containing same

This invention relates to copper-containing organometallic complexes, and to concentrates and diesel fuels containing said complexes. The diesel fuels are useful with diesel engines equipped with exhaust system particulate traps. The copper-containing organometallic complex is used for lowering the ignition temperature of exhaust particles collected in the trap. The copper-containing organometallic complex is soluble or stably dispersible in the diesel fuel and is derived from (i) an organic compound containing at least two functional groups attached to a hydrocarbon linkage, and (ii) a copper-containing metal reactant capable of forming a complex with the organic compound (i). The functional groups are ═X, --XR, --NR 2 , --NO 2 , ═NR, ═NXR, ═N--R*--XR, ##STR1## --CN, --N═NR or --N═CR 2 ; wherein X is O or S, R is H or hydrocarbyl, R* is hydrocarbylene or hydrocarbylidene, and a is a number (e.g., zero to about 10). The copper can be combined with one or more metals selected from the group consisting Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Mo, Fe, Co, Zn, B, Pb, Sb, Ti, Mn and Zr. This invention is also directed to methods of operating a diesel engine equipped with an exhaust system particulate trap using the foregoing diesel fuel.

Low-sulfur diesel fuels containing organometallic complexes

This invention relates to low-sulfur diesel fuels which are useful with diesel engines equipped with exhaust system particulate traps. These fuels contain an effective amount of an organometallic complex to lower the ignition temperature of exhaust particles collected in the trap. The sulfur content of these diesel fuels is no more than about 0.1% by weight, preferably no more than about 0.05% by weight. The organometallic complex is soluble or stably dispersible in the diesel fuel and is derived from (i) an organic compound containing at least two functional groups attached to a hydrocarbon linkage, and (ii) a metal reactant capable of forming a complex with the organic compound (i), the metal being any metal capable of reducing the ignition temperature of the exhaust particles. The functional groups include ═X, --XR, --NR 2 , --NO 2 , ═NR, ═NXR, ═N--R*--XR, ##STR1## --CN, --N═NR and --N═CR 2 ; wherein X is O or S, R is H or hydrocarbyl, R* is hydrocarbylene or hydrocarbylidene, and a is a number (e.g., zero to about 10). Useful metals include Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, B, Pb, Sb, and mixtures of two or more thereof. This invention is also directed to methods of operating a diesel engine equipped with an exhaust system particulate trap using the foregoing low-sulfur diesel fuels.

Low-sulfur diesel fuels containing organo-metallic complexes

This invention relates to low-sulfur diesel fuels which are useful with diesel engines equipped with exhaust system particulate traps. These fuels contain an effective mount of an organometallic complex to lower the ignition temperature of exhaust particles collected in the trap. The sulfur content of these diesel fuels is no more than about 0.1% by weight, preferably no more than about 0.05% by weight. The organometallic complex is soluble or stably dispersible in the diesel fuel and is derived from (i) an organic compound containing at least two functional groups attached to a hydrocarbon linkage, and (ii) a metal reactant capable of forming a complex with the organic compound (i), the metal being any metal capable of reducing the ignition temperature of the exhaust particles. The functional groups include ═X, --XR, --NR 2 , --NO 2 , ═NR, ═NXR, ═N--R*--XR, ##STR1## --CN, --N═NR and --N═CR 2 ; wherein X is O or S, R is H or hydrocarbyl, R* is hydrocarbylene or hydrocarbylidene, and a is a number (e.g., zero to about 10). Useful metals include Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, B, Pb, Sb, and mixtures of two or more thereof. This invention is also directed to methods of operating a diesel engine equipped with an exhaust system particulate trap using the foregoing low-sulfur diesel fuels.

Copper-containing organometallic complexes and concentrates and diesel fuels containing same

This invention relates to copper-containing organometallic complexes, and to concentrates and diesel fuels containing said complexes. The diesel fuels are useful with diesel engines equipped with exhaust system particulate traps. The copper-containing organometallic complex is used for lowering the ignition temperature of exhaust particles collected in the trap. The copper-containing organometallic complex is soluble or stably dispersible in the diesel fuel and is derived from (i) an organic compound containing at least two functional groups attached to a hydrocarbon linkage, and (ii) a copper-containing metal reactant capable of forming a complex with the organic compound (i). The functional groups are ═X, --XR, --NR., --NO., ═NR, ═NXR, ═N--R*--XR, ##STR1## --CN, --N═NR or --N═CR.; wherein X is O or S, R is H or hydrocarbyl, R* is hydrocarbylene or hydrocarbylidene, and a is a number (e.g., zero to about 10). The copper can be combined with one or more metals selected from the group consisting Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Mo, Fe, Co, Zn, B, Pb, Sb, Ti, Mn and Zr. This invention is also directed to methods of operating a diesel engine equipped with an exhaust system particulate trap using the foregoing diesel fuel.

Organometallic complex-antioxidant combinations, and concentrates and diesel fuels containing same

This invention relates to combinations of (A) organometallic complexes and (B) antioxidants. These combinations can be used in diesel fuels for operating diesel engines equipped with exhaust system particulate traps. The combination of (A) and (B) is useful in lowering the ignition temperature of exhaust particles collected in the trap. The organometallic complex (A) is soluble or stably dispersible in the diesel fuel and is derived from (i) an organic compound containing at least two functional groups attached to a hydrocarbon linkage, and (ii) a metal reactant capable of forming a complex with the organic compound (i), the metal being any metal capable of reducing the ignition temperature of the exhaust particles. The functional groups include ═X, --XR, --NR 2 , --NO 2 , ═NR, ═NXR, ═N--R*--XR, ##STR1## --CN, --N═NR and --N═CR 2 ; wherein X is O or S, R is H or hydrocarbyl, R* is hydrocarbylene or hydrocarbylidene, and a is a number (e.g., zero to about 10). Useful metals include Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sb, and mixtures of two or more thereof. This invention is also directed to concentrates and diesel fuels, and to methods of operating a diesel engine equipped with an exhaust system particulate trap.

Fuel compositions containing N-substituted perhydro-s-triazines

Fuel additive compositions containing polyether alcohol and hydrocarbylphenol

The present invention is directed to a fuel additive composition containing (i) a polyether alcohol of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R 1 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof provided that no more than 10 mole % of R 1 is hydrogen and where the polyether alcohol is soluble in gasoline; and x is a number from about 4 to about 40; (ii) a hydrocarbylphenol having 1-3 hydrocarbyl groups such that the total weight average molecular weight of the hydrocarbyl groups is about 250 to about 6000; and (iii) optionally a third component containing a nitrogen-containing dispersant; wherein the weight ratio of the polyether alcohol to the hydrocarbylphenol is about 3:1 to about 1:20. The compositions are useful in reducing intake valve deposit and do not contribute to the increase in combustion chamber deposit in port fuel injected engines.

Exfoliation of graphite using ionic liquids

Disclosed are methods of exfoliating graphite using one or more ionic liquids. Also disclosed is the exfoliated graphite and/or graphene provided by a disclosed method. Further disclosed are composites comprising exfoliated graphite and/or graphene and methods of making the composites.

Multi-functional ionic liquid compositions for overcoming polymorphism and imparting improved properties for active pharmaceutical, biological, nutritional, and energetic ingredients

Disclosed are ionic liquids and methods of preparing ionic liquid compositions of active pharmaceutical, biological, nutritional, and energetic ingredients. Also disclosed are methods of using the compositions described herein to overcome polymorphism, overcome solubility and delivery problems, to control release rates, add functionality, enhance efficacy (synergy), and improve ease of use and manufacture.

Method of operating a direct injection spark-ignited engine with a fuel composition

The present invention is directed to a method to clean up or keep clean the fuel system of a direct injection spark-ignited engine by operating the engine with a fuel composition that includes a liquid fuel and a fuel additive composition.The fuel additive composition useful in the present invention has at least one nitrogen-containing dispersant and optionally a fluidizer where the dispersant has a specific lipophilic parameter and the dispersant or the dispersant and the fluidizer have a specific hydrophilic-lipophilic parameter, the dispersant provides about 0.15 to about 50 ppm by weight nitrogen in the fuel composition, and the fluidizer and/or the dispersant provide about 10 to about 10,000 ppm by weight active components.The method of the present invention is effective in controlling deposits in fuel injectors and combustion chambers of a direct injection spark-ignited engine.

Process and apparatus for making aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions

Method of operating internal combustion engine by introducing detergent into combustion chamber

In a method operating an internal combustion engine, a nitrogen-containing detergent composition is introduced into a combustion chamber of the engine wherein the detergent composition can improve the performance of both a fuel composition and a lubricating oil of the engine. The detergent composition contains (A) a reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and an amine, (B) a hydrocarbyl-substituted amine, (C) a Mannich reaction product, (D) a high molecular weight polyetheramine, or (E) a mixture thereof.

Multi-functional ionic liquid compositions for overcoming polymorphism and imparting improved properties for active pharmaceutical, biological, nutritional, and energetic ingredients

Disclosed are ionic liquids and methods of preparing ionic liquid compositions of active pharmaceutical, biological, nutritional, and energetic ingredients. Also disclosed are methods of using the compositions described herein to overcome polymorphism, overcome solubility and delivery problems, to control release rates, add functionality, enhance efficacy (synergy), and improve ease of use and manufacture.

Diesel fuel compositions

Title: DIESEL FUEL COMPOSITIONS ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Diesel fuel oil compositions comprising high molecular weight, high total base number nitrogen containing dispersants provide exceptional diesel fuel injector cleanliness.

Ethanol-diesel fuel composition and methods thereof

Organometallic complex-antioxidant combinations, and concentrates and diesel fuels containing same

This invention relates to combinations of (A) organometallic complexes and (B) antioxidants. These combinations can be used in diesel fuels for operating diesel engines equipped with exhaust system particulate traps. The combination of (A) and (B) is useful in towering the ignition temperature of exhaust particles collected in the trap. The organometallic complex (A) is soluble or stably dispersible in the diesel fuel acrd is derived from (i) an organic compound containing at least two functional groups att-ached to a hydrocarbon linkage, and (ii) a metal reactant capable of forming a complex with the organic compound (i), the metal being any metal capable of reducing the ignition temperature of the exhaust particles. The functional groups include =X, -XR, -NR2, -NO2, = NR, = NXR; = N-R*-XR; .alpha., .beta., .PSI.; -CN; -N = NR and -N=CR2; wherein X is O or S, R is H or hydrocarbyl, R* is hydrocarbylene or hydrocarbylidene, and a is a number (e.g., zero to about 10). Useful metals include Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sb, and mixtures of two or more thereof. This invention is also directed to concentrates and diesel fuels, and to methods of operating a diesel engine equipped with an exhaust system particulate trap.

Polyoxyalkylene ester compounds and ori-inhibited motor fuel compositions

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Motor fuel compositions comprising gasoline are improved to control octane requirement increase (ORI) by including an ester of a carboxylic acid and a polyether polyol, preferably a polyether polyol including oxyethylene, oxypropylene and oxybutylene segments.

Gel additives for fuel that reduce soot and/or emissions from engines

An additive gel for fuels that reduces the soot content in lubricating oil and/or emission in an engine. Further a process employing an additive gel for fuel in a fuel system to decrease the amount of soot in the lubricating oil of an engine and/or decrease the emissions from an engine.

Diesel oil composition containing organometallic complexes

Kompozice motorové nafty, která je vhodná pro vznětové motory (neboli také pro naftové nebo dieselové motory) vybavené výfukovým systémem s lapačem částic. Toto palivo obsahuje účinné množství organokovové komplexní sloučeniny ke snížení zápalné teploty vypouštěných výfukových částic zachycených v tomto lapači částic. Organokovová komplexní sloučenina je rozpuštěná nebo stabilně dispergovaná v této motorové naftě, přičemž je odvozena od (i) organické sloučeniny obsahující přinejmenším dvě funkční skupiny připojené na uhlovodíkový zbytek a (ií) kovové reakční složky schopné vytvářet s touto organickou sloučeninou (i) komplexní sloučeninu. Uvedeným kovem může být libovolný kov schopný snižovat zápalnou teplotu vypouštěných výfukových částic. Uvedenými funkčními skupinami jsou: =X, -XR, -NR2, NO2, =NR, =NXR, =N-R - XR, N.-(R N)a-R, -P(X)XR, -P(X)XR, -CN, -N=NR 1111 R R XR R a -N=CR2; ve kterých znamená: X kyslík nebo síru, R vodík nebo hydrokarbylovou skupinu, R hydrokarbyle- novou nebo hydrokarbylidenovou skupinu, a a-znamená Číslo (například nula až asi 10). Vhodnými kovy jsou Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Mo, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, B, Pb, Sb, a směsi dvou nebo více těchto kovů. Do rozsahu řešení rovněž náleží způsob provozování vznětového motoru vybaveného výfukovým systémem s lapačem částic, ve kterém je použito uvedeného paliva. Diesel fuel composition suitable for diesel engines engines (or also diesel or diesel engines) equipped with an exhaust system with a particle trap. This fuel contains an effective amount of organometallic complex compounds to reduce the exhaust temperature of the exhaust particles trapped in this particle trap. Organokovová the complex compound is dissolved or stably dispersed in the diesel fuel, derived from (i) organic compounds containing at least two functional groups attached to the hydrocarbon radical of a (i) metal reactants capable of forming with this organic compound (i) is a complex compound. Said metal any metal may be capable of ...

Multi-functional ionic liquid compositions for overcoming polymorphism and imparting improved properties for active pharmaceutical, biological, nutritional, and energetic ingredients

Disclosed are ionic liquids and methods of preparing ionic liquid compositions of active pharmaceutical, biological, nutritional, and energetic ingredients. Also disclosed are methods of using the compositions described herein to overcome polymorphism, overcome solubility and delivery problems, to control release rates, add functionality, enhance efficacy (synergy), and improve ease of use and manufacture.

Process for forming films, fibers, and beads from chitinous biomass

Disclosed is a process for forming films, fibers, and beads comprising a chitinous mass, for example, chitin, chitosan obtained from one or more biomasses. The disclosed process can be used to prepare films, fibers, and beads comprising only polymers, i.e., chitin, obtained from a suitable biomass, or the films, fibers, and beads can comprise a mixture of polymers obtained from a suitable biomass and a naturally occurring and/or synthetic polymer. Disclosed herein are the films, fibers, and beads obtained from the disclosed process. This Abstract is presented solely to aid in searching the subject matter disclosed herein and is not intended to define, limit, or otherwise provide the full scope of the disclosed subject matter.

Ionic liquid reconstituted cellulose composites as solid support matrices

Disclosed are composites comprising regenerated cellulose, a first active substance, a second active substance, and a linker. Methods for preparing the composites that involve the use of ionic liquids are also disclosed. Articles prepared from the disclosed composites and further disclosed.

LOW-SULFUR DIET FUEL CONTAINING ORGANO-METALLIC COMPLEXS

LOW-SULFUR DIET FUEL CONTAINING ORGANO-METALLIC COMPLEXS

Additive composition

This invention relates to a composition, comprising: (A) a compound represented by formula (I): RO(C4H8O)nCH2CH2CH2NH2, wherein in formula (I), R is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl group of about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms, an n is a number in the range of about 12 to about 30; and (B) a compound selected from the group consisting of: a fatty acid; a fatty acid amide; a fatty acid ester; an amide or imide derived from a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acid or anhydride wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent has about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms; an alkoxylated amine, and mixtures of two or more thereof. The invention also relates to concentrates and fuels containing the foregoing composition.

Fuel additives and fuel compositions containing said fuel additive

The present invention is directed to a fuel additive composition comprising at least two components: (A) a polyether alcohol of the formula wherein in formula (A-1), R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R1 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof; and x is a number from about 4 to about 40. (B) a hydrocarbylphenol having 1-3 hydrocarbyl groups such that the total weight average molecular weight of the hydrocarbyl groups is about 250 to about 6000. In one embodiment the composition further comprises (C) a nitrogen-containing dispersant. The composition is useful as a fuel additive for reducing intake valve deposits and advantageously, does not contribute to an increase in combustion chamber deposits in port fuel injected internal combustion engines. The invention also relates to concentrates and fuel compositions containing the foregoing fuel additive composition and to a method for fueling an internal combustion engine.

Child safety seat with emergency harness release

The present disclosure discloses a child safety seat comprising: (a) a supporting base structure adapted to be secured to a vehicle seat; (b) a child seating surface wherein the seating surface comprises a seat bottom and a seat back, and wherein the seat back has disposed therein at least one pair of laterally spaced shoulder belt restraints; (c) a child harness wherein the harness comprises a pair of shoulder belts running from the restraints in the seat back to a seat bottom locking tongue, each shoulder belt having a restraint engaging means affixed to an extreme end of the belt for insertion into the laterally spaced pair of restraints in the seat back, and a buckle affixed to the front center portion of the seat bottom for receiving the seat bottom locking tongue; and (d) an emergency means of disengaging at least one of shoulder belts from at least one of the restraints in the back of the seat, the disengaging means being actuated from the rear face or side of the seat.

COMPOSITION FOR USE IN A DIESEL FUEL, CONCENTRATE, DIESEL FUEL, METHOD FOR OPERATING A DIESEL ENGINE AND PROCESS TO PREPARE A COMPOSITION FOR USE IN A DIESEL FUEL

Copper-containing organometallic complexes and concentrates and diesel fuels containing same

This invention relates to copper-containing organometallic complexes, and to concentrates and diesel fuels containing said complexes. The diesel fuels are useful with diesel engines equipped with exhaust system particulate traps. The copper-containing organometallic complex is used for lowering the ignition temperature of exhaust particles collected in the trap. The copper-containing organometallic complex is soluble or stably dispersible in the diesel fuel and is derived from (i) an organic compound containing at least two functional groups attached to a hydrocarbon linkage, and (ii) a copper-containing metal reactant capable of forming a complex with the organic compound (i). The functional groups are =X, -XR, -NR2, -NO2, =NR, =NXR, =N-R*-XR, .alpha., .beta., .psi., -CN, -N=NR or -N=CR2; wherein X is O or S, R is H or hydrocarbyl, R* is hydrocarbylene or hydrocarbylidene, and a is a number (e.g., zero to about 10). The copper can be combined with one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Mo, Fe, Co, Zn, B, Pb, Sb, Ti, Mn, and Zr. This invention is also directed to methods of operating a diesel engine equipped with an exhaust system particulate trap using the foregoing diesel fuel.

DIESEL FUEL CONTAINING ORGANOMETALLIC COMPLEXS

Det blir beskrevet dieselbrennstoff som er nyttige for dieselmotorer som er utstyrt med avgass-systempartik-kelfeller. Disse brennstoffene inneholder en effektiv mengde av et organometallisk kompleks for å senke antennelsestemperaturen til avgasspartiklene som ble oppsamlet i fellen. Det organometalliske komplekset er oppløselig eller stabilt dispergerbart i et diel-brennstoff og er avledet fra (i) en organisk for-bindelse som inneholder minst to funksjonelle grupper bundet til en hydrokarbonkjede, og (ii) en metall-reaktant som er istand til å danne et kompleks med den organiske forbindelsen (i), hvor metallet kan være et hvilket som helst metall som er istand til å redusere antennelsestemperaturen til avgasspartiklene. De funksjonelle gruppene omfatter -X, -XR, -NR-NO,. -CN, -N-NR og N-CR; hvor X er 0 eller S, R er H eller hydrokarbyl, R" er hydrokarbylen eller hydrokarbyliden, og a er et tall (f.eks. null til omkring 10). Nyttige metaller omfatter Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Mo, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, B, Pb, Sb og blandinger av to eller flere av disse. Det ble også beskrevet metoder for dieselmotorer som er utstyrt med avgass-systempartikkel-feller ved hjelp av disse dieselbrennstoffene.

Systems and methods for releasing children from safety seats

The present disclosure generally pertains to systems and methods for releasing children from child safety seats. A child safety seat is secured to a vehicle seat, and a child is secured to the child safety seat. A single release action enables the child to be removed from the child safety seat thereby facilitating removal of the child from the child safety seat and reducing the time required to remove the child from the child safety seat.

Supported biologically active compounds

The present invention relates to biologically active compounds, particularly liquid compounds, which are immobilized on a solid carrier material, particularly on mesoporous silica. The compounds are non-covalently supported on the solid carrier material thereby forming stable, easily handled solids which have the further advantage that the adsorbed biologically active compounds have improved thermal stability compared with the non-adsorbed compounds, and that they are released rapidly and completely from the carrier material when placed in an aqueous environment.

Multi-functional ionic liquid compositions

Additive composition

This invention relates to a composition, comprising: (A) a compound represented by formula (I): RO(C4H8O)nCH2CH2CH2NH2, wherein in formula (I), R is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl group of about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms, an n is a number in the range of about 12 to about 30; and (B) a compound selected from the group consisting of: a fatty acid; a fatty acid amide; a fatty acid ester; an amide or imide derived from a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acid or anhydride wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent has about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms; an alkoxylated amine, and mixtures of two or more thereof. The invention also relates to concentrates and fuels containing the foregoing composition.

Pectin compounds, methods of using pectin compounds, and methods of controlling water solubility

Briefly described, embodiments of the present disclosure provide for compositions including pectin compounds, pectin compounds, methods of making pectin compounds, methods of controlling the water solubility of a pectin compound, methods of controlling the water solubility of an agent, beads including pectin compounds, and the like.

Pectin compounds, methods of using pectin compounds, and methods of controlling water solubility

Briefly described, embodiments of the present disclosure provide for compositions including pectin compounds, pectin compounds, methods of making pectin compounds, methods of controlling the water solubility of a pectin compound, methods of controlling the water solubility of an agent, beads including pectin compounds, and the like.

Verfahren zum herstellen von kohlenwasserstoffbrennstoffzusammen- setzungen und wässigre brennstoffzusammensetzungen

Water fuel emulsified compositions

This invention relates to an emulsified water-blended fuel composition comprising: (A) a hydrocarbon boiling in the gasoline or diesel range; (B) water; (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one fuel-soluble salt made by reacting (C)(I) at least one acylating agent having about 16 to 500 carbon atoms with (C)(II) ammonia and/or at least one amine; and (D) about 0.001 to about 15% by weight of the water-blended fuel composition of a water soluble, ashless, halogen-, boron-, and phosphorus-free, amine salt, distinct from component (C). In one embodiment, the composition further comprises (E) at least one cosurfactant distinct from component (C); in one embodiment, (F) at least one organic cetane improver; and in one embodiment, (G) at least one antifreeze. The invention also relates to a method for fueling an internal combustion engine comprising fueling said engine with the composition of the present invention.

Water fuel emulsified compositions

This invention relates to an emulsified water-blended fuel composition comprising: (A) a hydrocarbon boiling in the gasoline or diesel range; (B) water; (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one fuel-soluble salt made by reacting (C)(I) at least one acylating agent having about 16 to 500 carbon atoms with (C)(II) ammonia and/or at least one amine; and (D) about 0.001 to about 15% by weight of the water-blended fuel composition of a water soluble, ashless, halogen-, boron-, and phosphorus-free, amine salt, distinct from component (C). In one embodiment, the composition further comprises (E) at least one cosurfactant distinct from component (C); in one embodiment, (F) at least one organic cetane improver; and in one embodiment, (G) at least one antifreeze. The invention also relates to a method for fueling an internal combustion engine comprising fueling said engine with the composition of the present invention.