METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SAVING POWER IN ATSC-M/H MOBILE DEVICES

Methods and apparatus enable ATSC-M/H mobile devices to conserve power by entering a high power state at a slot reception start time that is after the start of an ATSC M/H slot and entering a low power state at a slot reception stop time before the end of the ATSC M/H slot. Data lost due to the device being in a low power state during the time between the start time of the ATSC M/H slot and the activation time and during the time between the deactivation time and the end of the ATSC M/H slot are recovered using error correction processing. The slot receive and slot reception stop times may be based on the received signal quality. The receiver circuitry may also be deactivated when the entire payload has been received and skip reception of remaining slots. 1. A method for conserving energy in an ATSC M/H receiver device , comprising:determining a slot receive time and a slot reception stop time, wherein the determined slot receive time is after a start time of an ATSC M/H slot, and the determined the reception stop time is before the end time of the ATSC M/H slot;entering a high power state of the receiver device at the determined slot receive time, receiving ATSC M/H slot data, and entering a low power state of the receiver device at the determined reception stop time; andusing error correction processing to recover data that was not received during the time between the start time of the ATSC M/H slot and the slot receive time and during the time between the slot reception stop time and the end of the ATSC M/H slot.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:entering the high power state comprises activating the receiver circuitry of the receiver device; andentering the low power state comprises deactivating the receiver circuitry of the receiver device.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining the quality of the received ATSC-M/H signal claim 1 , wherein determining the slot receive time and slot reception stop time are based upon the determined quality of ...

EFFICIENT COMPRESSED SENSING CHANNEL ESTIMATION FOR SINGLE-CARRIER COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Methods and devices for receiving wireless signals employ compressed sensing-based estimation techniques to receive single-carrier transmissions, exploiting the common sparseness of the wireless channel, enabling signal reception in the presence of significant Delay and Doppler spreads. When implemented for an ATSC or ATSC-M/H mobile TV standard signal, the compressed sensing channel estimation algorithm enables data reception in Delay and Doppler spread conditions beyond the capabilities of conventional channel estimation methods. 1. A method for receiving a wireless signal transmitted over a single-carrier transmission , comprising:extracting a channel impulse response from the wireless signal;applying a compressed sensing algorithm to the extracted channel impulse response to obtain a channel estimate; andreconstructing the wireless signal using the channel estimate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compressed sensing algorithm comprises:generating a sensing matrix, the sensing matrix being a partial Toeplitz matrix;generating a circulant matrix from the generated sensing matrix; andgenerating a diagonal eigenvalue matrix from the generated circulant matrix.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compressed sensing algorithm comprises:generating exactly one diagonal eigenvalue matrix from the generated circulant matrices for each generated sensing matrix.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the wireless signal comprises predetermined randomly-generated training symbols transmitted in between a plurality of data symbol sets.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the extracted channel impulse response is approximately sparse.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the diagonal eigenvalue matrix is generated by executing a fast Fourier transform operation over a first column of the circulant matrix.7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the matrix operations are computationally comparable to those of a least squares or a correlation based channel estimation method.8. A ...

GEOGRAPHICAL BOUNDARY BASED TRACKING

An apparatus, method and system for geographical tracking entry and/or exiting of an asset into and/or out of a defined geographical boundary and reporting the same. Entry and exit tests compare position fixes with various thresholds and parameters to determine if the asset has entered or exited the geographical boundary. Tests are sequenced such that tests having lower levels of complexity (lower order) are performed before tests having higher levels of complexity (higher order). In this way, most position fixes are processed using computations having a lower order of mathematical complexity than conventionally implemented. 1. A method for tracking an asset , the method comprising:obtaining a geographical boundary;receiving fix data comprising uncertainty parameters defining an area of uncertainty;determining an over-inclusive area of uncertainty based on at least one of the uncertainty parameters; and (a) a relationship in which the area of uncertainty is completely inside the geographical boundary;', '(b) a relationship in which the area of uncertainty is completely outside the geographical boundary; and', '(c) an indeterminate relationship; and, 'determining a relationship between the geographical boundary and the area of uncertainty based on the over-inclusive area of uncertainty, wherein the relationship comprises one of possible relationships comprising'}reporting an event based on a change from a previous determined relationship.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the geographical boundary comprises a closed area.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the closed area comprises a circle.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the closed area comprises a polygon.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the geographical boundary comprises a line.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the geographical boundary comprises a plurality of closed areas.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the geographical boundary comprises a function of time.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the act of ...

Multiple modulation and coding scheme indication signaling

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for efficiently signaling multiple modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for different streams of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission. Certain aspects provide an apparatus including a processing system configured to generate a frame with a payload and a header portion. The header portion may include a first set of bits indicating a plurality of MCSs and a second set of one or more bits indicating, for each portion of a plurality of portions of the payload, one of the plurality of MCSs used to encode the corresponding portion of the payload. In certain aspects, the apparatus also include an interface configured to output the frame for transmission.

CHANNEL ESTIMATION

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus comprises an interface configured to receive a plurality of channel estimation sequences, wherein each one of the plurality of channel estimation sequences is received on a respective one of a plurality of channels, each one of the plurality of channels having a respective one of a plurality of frequency bands. The apparatus also comprises a processing system configured to generate a channel estimation for each one of the plurality of channels using the respective one of the plurality of channel estimation sequences, and to generate a collective channel estimation based on the channel estimations. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:an interface configured to receive a plurality of channel estimation sequences, wherein each one of the plurality of channel estimation sequences is received on a respective one of a plurality of channels, each one of the plurality of channels having a respective one of a plurality of frequency bands; anda processing system configured to generate a channel estimation for each one of the plurality of channels using the respective one of the plurality of channel estimation sequences, and to generate a collective channel estimation based on the channel estimations.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the interface is further configured to receive a data payload on a channel having a frequency band including the plurality of frequency bands claim 1 , and the processing system is further configured to perform channel equalization on the received data payload using the collective channel estimation.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the processing system is further configured to decode the data payload after the channel equalization to recover data from the data payload.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the interface is further configured to receive a header on a first one of the plurality of channels claim 1 , ...

FRAME FORMAT FOR FACILITATING CHANNEL ESTIMATION FOR SIGNALS TRANSMITTED VIA BONDED CHANNELS

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus includes a processing system configured to generate a frame comprising a first channel estimation sequence for transmission via a first channel, a second channel estimation sequence for transmission via a second channel, and at least a first portion of a data payload for transmission via a third channel, wherein the first channel includes a first frequency band, wherein the second channel includes a second frequency band different from the first frequency band, and wherein the third channel includes a third frequency band that overlaps in frequency with the first and second frequency bands; and an interface configured to output the frame for transmission. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to generate a frame comprising a first channel estimation sequence for transmission via a first channel, a second channel estimation sequence for transmission via a second channel, and at least a first portion of a data payload for transmission via a third channel, wherein the first channel includes a first frequency band, wherein the second channel includes a second frequency band different from the first frequency band, and wherein the third channel includes a third frequency band that overlaps in frequency with the first and second frequency bands; andan interface configured to output the frame for transmission.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processing system is configured to generate the frame such that at least a portion of the first channel estimation sequence is configured for transmission at the same time as at least a portion of the second channel estimation sequence.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processing system is configured to generate the frame such that beginning and ending of the first channel estimation sequence are configured for transmission at substantially the same time as ...

PARTIAL MULTI-ANTENNA SECTOR LEVEL SWEEP

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for enhancing a beamforming training procedure. For example, according to certain aspects, devices may exchange information regarding the number of beamforming transmit sectors each device plans to use for both partial and full sector sweeps, as well as the number of receive antennas. The devices may also exchange timing information used to synchronize when the devices start to perform the partial and full sector sweeps, after detecting a lost link. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to generate at least one first frame indicating a first number of beamforming transmit sectors for the apparatus to use for a first type of sector sweep procedure and a second number of beamforming transmit sectors for the apparatus to use for a second type of sector sweep procedure; anda first interface configured to output the at least one first frame for transmission to a wireless node.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first frame comprises a beamforming refinement phase (BRP) frame.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a second interface configured to obtain, from the wireless node, at least a second frame indicating a third number of beamforming transmit sectors for the wireless node to use for the first type of sector sweep procedure and a fourth number of beamforming transmit sectors for the wireless node to use for the second type of sector sweep procedure; andthe processing system is further configured to detect a loss of a communication link with the wireless node and, after the detection, participate in the first type of sector sweep procedure according to the first number of transmit sectors and the third number of transmit sectors.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the second type of sector sweep procedure uses a set of beamforming transmit sectors; andthe first type of sector sweep procedure comprises a partial ...

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SUPPORT

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for providing secure network association services to a device seeking to join a distribution network. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:at least one interface; and secure network association services to a wireless device that wishes to join a distribution network, and', 'information for the wireless device for use in communicating in the distribution network., 'provide, by an exchange of frames via the interface,'}, 'a processing system configured to'}2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the secure network association services are provided while the apparatus is in a first operating mode; andthe processing system is configured to switch the apparatus to a second operating mode after providing the secure network association services.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the secure network association services comprise at least one of: secure authentication claim 1 , association or cryptographic key establishment.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the information is provided as part of the secure network association services.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the information comprises at least one of scheduling or clock offset for service periods used for communicating in the distribution network.6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the service periods are used for simplex communications between nodes of the distribution network.7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein:the apparatus is part of a first one of the nodes of the distribution network; andthe wireless device is part of a second one of the nodes of the distribution network.8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the interface is configured to obtain a first frame, from the wireless device, indicating a scheduling request for simplex communications;the processing system is configured to generate a second frame, including the information, in response to the request; andthe interface is configured to output the ...

FRAME FORMAT WITH MULTIPLE GUARD INTERVAL LENGTHS

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for generating frames with portions utilizing different guard interval (GI) lengths. For example, an apparatus may include a processing system configured to generate a frame including a first portion with first blocks of symbols, including an end first block, surrounded by first guard interval (GI) sequences of a first GI length, and a second portion with second blocks of symbols, including a starting second block, surrounded by second GI sequences of a second GI length, and an interface for outputting the frame for transmission. A longer GI sequence of the first and second GI sequences may include a shorter of the first and second GI sequences, and the longer GI sequence of the first and second GI sequences may separate the end first block from the starting second block. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising: a first portion with first blocks of symbols, each first block being surrounded by first guard interval (GI) sequences of a first GI length, and', 'a second portion with second blocks of symbols, each second block being surrounded by second GI sequences of a second GI length shorter than the first GI length, wherein:', 'each first GI sequence includes a second GI sequence, and', 'one of the first GI sequences separates the first portion of the frame from the second portion of the frame; and, 'a processing system configured to generate a frame comprisingan interface for outputting the frame for transmission.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the processing system is further configured to determine the second GI length based on one or more channel conditions.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first blocks of symbols and the second blocks of symbols comprise single carrier (SC) symbols.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first GI sequences and the second GI sequences comprise Golay code sequences.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the second GI sequence ...

Apparatus and method for reducing address collision in short sector sweeps

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques to reduce address collision in short sector sweeps. In some cases, the techniques involve determining whether an encoded address (e.g., a compressed address), generated using a first parameter (e.g., a seed for a hash function), identifies a first wireless node and a second wireless node as a same destination for at least one first frame including the encoded address; generating at least one second frame including an indication not to use the first parameter if the encoded address identifies the first wireless node and the second wireless node as the same destination; and outputting the at least one second frame for transmission to at least one of the first wireless node or the second wireless node.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REDUCING INTERFERENCE FROM NEIGHBORING WIRELESS DEVICES

A technique is disclosed for reducing interference in a communication system including a plurality of wireless devices. A first device transmits a frame (e.g., an RTS frame or a CTS frame) to a second device, the frame including information from which a non-target third device may use to estimate potential interference at the first device based on a proposed transmission to a fourth device. The information includes at least one of an interference and sensitivity factor (ISF), transmit power, and reciprocity factor (a difference between an antenna receive gain and an antenna transmit gain). Using the information in the frame to estimate the potential interference at the first device, the third device may choose to proceed with the proposed transmission if the estimated potential interference is less than a threshold; or withdraw or modify the proposed transmission if the estimated potential interference is greater than or equal to a threshold. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to generate at least one frame including information from which at least one first wireless node is able to estimate a potential interference at the apparatus; andan interface configured to output the at least one frame for transmission to at least one second wireless node.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the information comprises an interference sensitivity factor (ISF).3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the ISF is related to at least one transmit power for transmitting the at least one frame to the at least one second wireless node.4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the at least one frame comprises a plurality of frames claim 2 , and wherein the ISF is related to a plurality of transmit powers for transmitting the plurality of frames claim 2 , respectively.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the ISF is related to an average or maximum of the transmit powers for transmitting the plurality of frames.6. The apparatus of claim 2 , ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DIGITAL PRE-DISTORTION WITH REDUCED OVERSAMPLING OUTPUT RATIO

Certain aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a digital predistortion (DPD) device for use within a wireless transmitter that permits the use of a downstream digital-to-analog converter that operates at a clock rate close to the bandwidth of a digital baseband input signal. In some examples, a sampling rate of a digital baseband input signal is increased using an upsampler to obtain an increased rate digital input signal. Predistortion is applied to the increased rate digital input signal using a DPD device to obtain a predistorted digital signal. The sampling rate of the predistorted digital signal is then decreased using a downsampler to obtain a lower-rate predistorted digital signal with a sampling rate below the increased rate of the upsampler (e.g. close to the bandwidth of a digital baseband input signal). A low pass filter may be provided to filter out-of-band signal components from the predistorted digital signal. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising: generate a first signal with a first sampling rate by converting a second signal associated with a second sampling rate and reducing signal replicas resulting from the conversion by low pass filtering with a first cutoff ratio, the first sampling rate being higher than the second sampling rate;', 'generate a third signal by predistorting the first signal; and', 'generate a fourth signal with a third sampling rate by converting the third signal to the third sampling rate and reducing out-of-band signal components due to the conversion of the second signal by low pass filtering with a second cutoff ratio different than the first cutoff ratio, the third sampling rate being lower than the first sampling rate; and, 'a processing system configured toan interface configured to output the fourth signal for transmission.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second signal is a digital baseband input signal claim 1 , the first signal is an increased rate digital input signal claim 1 , ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS WITH COMMON DIGITAL PRE-DISTORTION COMPONENT FOR MULTIPLE TRANSMIT CHAINS

Certain aspects of the present disclosure are directed to digital predistortion (DPD) for use with a multi-chain wireless transmitter. In various examples described herein, the multi-chain transmitter is configured to use a single common DPD device or module for all transmit chains and to adjust the bias voltages of the power amplifiers of the separate transmit chains to operate at substantially the same backoff so the distortion to the corresponding output signals is similar. Since the distortion of the output of the different chains is similar, a single common predistortion may be applied using the single DPD device to a signal to be transmitted. Techniques are also described for calibrating the predistortion coefficients of the DPD to optimize (or otherwise set) the amount of distortion reduction to be achieved. The predistortion coefficients for the single DPD may be set or calibrated based on a particular directionality needed for beamforming. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to:predistort a transmit signal; andconfigure a set of distinct bias voltages for a set of power amplifiers for amplification of the predistorted transmit signal, said power amplifiers having a common amount of backoff; andan interface configured to output the amplified predistorted transmit signal for transmission.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processing system is configured to:determine the set of distinct bias voltages for the set of power amplifiers; andcause the set of distinct bias voltages to be applied to the set of power amplifiers, respectively.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the processing system is configured to select a directivity for transmission of the amplified predistorted transmit signal based on a direction towards a device expected to receive the amplified predistorted transmit signal; and determine the set of distinct bias voltages based on the selected directivity.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , ...

RE-CHANNELIZATION OF SUB-CARRIERS

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communications. The method comprises generating a frame comprising a first portion and a second portion. The method also comprises outputting the first portion of the frame for transmission on at least one channel, shifting a center frequency of the at least one channel, and outputting the second portion of the frame for transmission on the at least one channel after the center frequency shift. 1. A method for wireless communications , comprising:generating a frame comprising a first portion and a second portion;outputting the first portion of the frame for transmission on at least one channel;shifting a center frequency of the at least one channel; andoutputting the second portion of the frame for transmission on the at least one channel after the center frequency shift.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first portion of the frame comprises at least one of a short training field (STF) claim 1 , a channel estimation sequence (CES) or a header claim 1 , and the second portion of the frame comprises a data payload.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first portion of the frame is output for transmission using a single-carrier (SC) mode of transmission claim 1 , and the second portion of the frame is output for transmission using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) mode of transmission.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the center frequency shift is between minus 2.58 MHz and plus 2.58 MHz.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the at least one channel comprises a plurality of channels, each of the plurality of channels having a respective center frequency; andshifting the center frequency of the at least one channel comprises shifting the center frequency of each of one or more of the plurality of channels.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein claim 5 , after the center frequency shift claim 5 , the center frequency of each of the plurality of channels is aligned with a respective ...

HYBRID BEAM FORMER

In certain aspects of the present disclosure, an apparatus for wireless communications is provided. The apparatus comprises a plurality of block circuits, wherein each one of the plurality of block circuits is configured to receive a respective plurality of signals from a respective subset of antenna elements of an antenna array. Each one of the plurality of block circuits comprises a respective plurality of phase shifters configured to shift phases of the respective plurality of signals to obtain a respective plurality of phase-shifted signals, and a respective combiner configured to combine the respective plurality of phase-shifted signals into a respective combined signal. The apparatus also comprises a plurality of time-delay elements configured to delay the combined signals to obtain a plurality of delayed combined signals, and a combiner configured to combine the plurality of delayed combined signals into a total combined signal. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising: a respective plurality of phase shifters configured to shift phases of the respective plurality of signals to obtain a respective plurality of phase-shifted signals; and', 'a respective combiner configured to combine the respective plurality of phase-shifted signals into a respective combined signal;, 'a plurality of block circuits, wherein each one of the plurality of block circuits is configured to receive a respective plurality of signals from a respective subset of antenna elements of an antenna array, and each one of the plurality of block circuits comprisesa plurality of time-delay elements configured to delay the combined signals to obtain a plurality of delayed combined signals; anda combiner configured to combine the plurality of delayed combined signals into a total combined signal.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , for each one of the plurality of block circuits claim 1 , the respective plurality of phase shifters is configured to shift the phases of the ...

PREDISTORTION FOR TRANSMITTER WITH ARRAY

In certain aspects of the present disclosure, a method for wireless communication comprises predistorting a first signal based on a set of coefficients to generate a first predistorted signal, outputting the first predistored signal for a first transmission to a receiving device, and receiving a first feedback signal from the receiving device, wherein the first feedback signal provides feedback of a first receive signal at the receiving device corresponding to the first transmission. The method also comprises determining whether to store the set of coefficients in a memory based on the received first feedback signal, and storing the set of coefficients in the memory based on the determination. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to configure a predistorter to predistort a first signal based on a set of coefficients to generate a first predistorted signal; andan interface configured to output the first predistored signal for a first transmission to a receiving device, and to receive a first feedback signal from the receiving device, wherein the first feedback signal provides feedback of a first receive signal at the receiving device corresponding to the first transmission; determine whether to store the set of coefficients in a memory based on the received first feedback signal; and', 'store the set of coefficients in the memory based on the determination., 'wherein the processing system is further configured to2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processing system is further configured to determine whether to store the set of coefficients in the memory by:determining an amount of non-linear distortion in the first receive signal based on the received first feedback signal; andcomparing the determined amount of non-linear distortion with a threshold;wherein the processing system stores the set of coefficients in the memory if the comparison indicates the determined amount of non-linear distortion is below the ...

FRAME FORMAT WITH DUAL MODE CHANNEL ESTIMATION FIELD

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for generating frames with dual mode channel estimation fields (CEFs) that may accommodate devices with different processing capabilities. In some examples, a frame that is generated comprises a first portion for transmission on separate channels, and a second portion for transmission using channel bonding. The second portion has a training field including first complementary sequences, a first channel estimation field (CEF) including second complementary sequences, and a second CEF including one of the first complementary sequences of the training field and a subset of the second complementary sequences of the first CEF. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a last of the first complementary sequences of the training field is a same as a last of the second complementary sequences of the first CEF claim 1 , both forming a cyclic pattern.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein a second to the last of the first complementary sequences of the training field is a same as a last of the subset of the second complementary sequences of the second CEF claim 2 , both forming a cyclic pattern.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second portion of the frame is output for transmission as a single carrier (SC) transmission using the channel bonding.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second portion of the frame is output for transmission as an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission with the channel bonding.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first complementary sequences of the training field and the second complementary sequences of the first CEF comprise Golay code sequences.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the one of the first complementary sequences included in the second CEF comprises a last complementary sequence of the training field; andthe last complementary sequence of the training field comprises a Ga Golay code sequence.8. The apparatus of claim 1 , ...

FAST TRAINING ON MULTI-ANTENNA SYSTEMS

Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatus for performing beamforming training in multi-antenna wireless devices. For example, an apparatus for wireless communication may include a first interface configured to obtain, from each of a plurality of radio frequency (RF) modules, a first information regarding detection of one or more pilot signals via at least one antenna element at a respective one of the plurality of RF modules. The apparatus may also include a processing system configured to process the first information obtained from the plurality of RF modules to generate second information to synchronize the plurality of RF modules, and a second interface configured to provide the second information to the plurality of RF modules. 113.-. (canceled)14. An apparatus comprising:a detector configured to detect one or more pilot signals via at least one activated antenna element;a first interface configured to provide, to a processing module, first information regarding detection of the one or more pilot signals via the at least one activated antenna element;a second interface configured to obtain, from the processing module, second information generated at least based on the first information; anda processing system configured to make adjustments to components of a radio frequency (RF) module based on the second information.15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the first information is provided via a beam refinement phase (BRP) report.16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein:the detector is configured to detect the one or more pilot signals via a single activated antenna element; andthe BRP report includes the first information regarding detection of the one or more pilot signals via a single antenna element or sector.17. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein:the detector comprises a Golay cross-correlator; andthe BRP report includes information regarding one or more taps of the Golay cross-correlator with detection peaks.18. The ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ENCODING AND DECODING HEADER DATA PORTION OF A FRAME

Apparatus for generating a header of a transmit frame, and for processing the header of a received frame. The header generating includes encoding header data bits to generate parity bits, repeating the header bits M times, repeating the parity bits N times, encoding the M repetitions of the header bits, encoding the N repetitions of the parity bits, combining the encoded M repetitions of the header bits with the N repetitions of the parity bits, and modulating the combined sequence to generate the header of the frame. The header processing includes demodulating the header to generate a sequence of bits, splitting the sequence into separate header and parity sequences, decoding the header and parity sequences to generate M header and N parity sequences, combining the M header sequences, combining the N parity sequences, and decoding the combined header sequences using the combined parity sequences to generate header data bits. 150-. (canceled)51. An apparatus for wireless communication , comprising: receive a frame comprising a sequence of modulation symbols;', 'generate a first sequence of bits based on the sequence of modulation symbols;', 'generate M sequences of bits based on the first sequence of bits;', 'generate N sequences of bits based on the first sequence of bits;', 'generate a second sequence of bits based on the M sequences of bits;', 'generate a third sequence of bits based on the N sequences of bits;', 'generate data bits by at least decoding the second sequence of bits based at least on the third sequence of bits., 'a processing system configured to52. The apparatus of claim 51 , wherein the generation of the first sequence of bits comprises demodulating the sequence of modulation symbols.53. The apparatus of claim 51 , wherein the generation of the first sequence of bits comprises performing a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) demodulation of the sequence of modulation symbols.54. The apparatus of claim 51 , wherein the processing system is ...

TECHNIQUE FOR REDUCING SECTOR SWEEP TIME FOR MILLIMETER-WAVE DEVICES

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques that may help reduce sector sweep time. In some cases, the techniques involve generating frames for transmission during a sector sweep procedure, each frame including one or more address fields being determined based on at least one of a transmitter address of the apparatus or a receiver address of an intended recipient of the generated frames and having fewer bits than at least one of the transmitter address or the receiver address. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to generate frames for transmission during a sector sweep procedure, each frame including one or more address fields being determined based on at least one of a transmitter address of the apparatus or a receiver address of an intended recipient of the generated frames and having fewer bits than the transmitter address and the receiver address combined; andan interface configured to output the frames for transmission during the sector sweep procedure.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each frame also includes a sector sweep field that indicates both a sector ID value and a sector sweep countdown value.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the sector ID value and sector sweep countdown value are the same.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each frame also includes a sector sweep field that has a first number of one or more bits to indicate a countdown value for a sector ID and a second number of one or more bits to indicate a countdown for an antenna configuration.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each frame also includes a frame check sequence (FCS) comprising a length of less than 4 bytes.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each frame lacks a sector sweep feedback field.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processing system is configured to determine the one or more address fields based on a hash function applied to at least one of the transmitter address or the receiver ...

PATH SELECTION FOR FINE TIMING MEASUREMENT PROTOCOL

An apparatus may identify a first set of antenna settings and a second set of antenna settings based on beamforming training with a second apparatus, the first set of antenna settings corresponding to a first path with the second apparatus different from a second path with the second apparatus corresponding to the second set of antenna settings. The apparatus may generate a first frame including an indication to use the first path instead of the second path for at least a portion of a fine timing measurement (FTM) session. The apparatus may transmit the first frame for transmission to the second apparatus. The apparatus may receive, from the second apparatus based on the first set of antenna settings, a plurality of FTM measurement frames associated with the at least the portion of the FTM session. 1. An apparatus for wireless communication , the apparatus comprising: identify a first set of antenna settings and a second set of antenna settings based on beamforming training with a second apparatus, the first set of antenna settings corresponding to a first path with the second apparatus different from a second path with the second apparatus corresponding to the second set of antenna settings, and', 'generate a first frame including an indication to use the first path instead of the second path for at least a portion of a fine timing measurement (FTM) session;, 'a processing system configured toa first interface configured to output the first frame for transmission to the second apparatus; anda second interface configured to obtain, from the second apparatus based on the first set of antenna settings, a plurality of FTM measurement frames associated with the at least the portion of the FTM session.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first frame comprises a trigger field associated with the FTM session claim 1 , and the indication to use the first path instead of the second path comprises a value of the trigger field.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ENCODING AND DECODING HEADER DATA PORTION OF A FRAME

Apparatus for generating a header of a transmit frame, and for processing the header of a received frame. The header generating includes encoding header data bits to generate parity bits, repeating the header bits M times, repeating the parity bits N times, encoding the M repetitions of the header bits, encoding the N repetitions of the parity bits, combining the encoded M repetitions of the header bits with the N repetitions of the parity bits, and modulating the combined sequence to generate the header of the frame. The header processing includes demodulating the header to generate a sequence of bits, splitting the sequence into separate header and parity sequences, decoding the header and parity sequences to generate M header and N parity sequences, combining the M header sequences, combining the N parity sequences, and decoding the combined header sequences using the combined parity sequences to generate header data bits. 1. An apparatus for wireless communication , comprising: generate a plurality of parity bits by at least encoding a plurality of data bits;', 'generate a first sequence of bits comprising M repetitions of the data bits;', 'generate a second sequence of bits comprising N repetitions of the parity bits;', 'generate a third sequence of bits based on the first and second sequences of bits;', 'generate a sequence of modulation symbols based on the third sequence of bits; and', 'generate a frame comprising the sequence of modulation symbols; and, 'a processing system configured toan interface configured to output the frame for transmission.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the frame comprises a header including the sequence of modulation symbols.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least encoding of the data bits comprises performing low density parity check (LDPC) encoding of the data bits.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processing system is further configured to generate a fourth sequence of bits by at least padding the data ...

Preamble for non-linearity estimation

Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatus for wireless communication. More particularly, aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to techniques for wireless communications by an apparatus comprising a processing system configured to a processing system configured to generate a frame having at least a first header that is phase modulated and to modulate an amplitude of the first header prior to the first header being amplified by a power amplifier, and a first interface configured to output the frame for transmission.

MOBILITY SUPPORT FOR WLAN DEVICES

Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to mobility support for wireless local area network (WLAN) devices, such as 60 GHz millimeter wave (e.g. IEEE 802.11ay) devices. An exemplary method includes obtaining an indication of a coherence time associated with a wireless node, generating a frame having additional Channel Estimation Fields, which can occur periodically in the frame, based at least in part on the indicated coherence time, or having Scattered Pilots in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and outputting the frame for transmission to the wireless node. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a first interface configured to obtain an indication of a coherence time associated with a wireless node;a processing system configured to generate a first frame having a length being limited based, at least in part, on the indicated coherence time; anda second interface configured to output the first frame for transmission to the wireless node.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first interface is configured to obtain the indication of the coherence time in a capability element obtained from the wireless node.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the processing system is further configured to determine a coherence time associated with the apparatus; andthe length of the first frame is based on a lesser of the indicated coherence time associated with the wireless node and the determined coherence time associated with the apparatus.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the first frame comprises a first aggregated physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) data unit (A-PPDU) and at least one second A-PPDU, the first A-PPDU having a first header with a first channel estimation field; andthe processing system is configured to include, in each second A-PPDU, a second channel estimation field.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein each second channel estimation field is the same as the first channel estimation ...

MULTISTATIC RADAR MEASUREMENT

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for multistatic radar communications. In some implementations, a transmitting device may transmit, to a receiving device, a radar alert frame followed by a codeword and one or more radar pulses. The radar pulses are transmitted, using beamforming, in a number of directions. The timing information indicates a timing offset or delay between one or more codewords of the codeword sequence and the beginning of the radar pulses. The receiving device may detect one or more codewords of the codeword sequence and an echo of at least one of the radar pulses, and determine the time at which the corresponding pulse was transmitted by the transmitting device. The receiving device may compare the timing of the echo with the timing of the transmitted pulse to determine a relative distance of an object that produced the echo. 1. A method for wireless communication performed by a wireless communication device , comprising:receiving a radar alert frame carrying timing information indicating a timing relationship between a codeword sequence and one or more pulses;detecting a codeword of the codeword sequence;determining a first time at which the codeword is detected;detecting an echo of a pulse of the one or more pulses;determining a second time at which the echo is detected; anddetermining a distance of an object to the wireless communication device based at least in part on the first time, the second time, and the timing information.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detecting of the codeword comprises:tuning a plurality of antennas of the wireless communication device in a direction of a transmitting device.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detecting of the echo comprises:positioning a plurality of antennas of the wireless communication device in a plurality of directions.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more pulses comprises a sequence of ...

PATH SELECTION FOR FINE TIMING MEASUREMENT PROTOCOL

A first apparatus may identify a first set of antenna settings and a second set of antenna settings based on beamforming training with a second apparatus, and the first set of antenna settings may correspond to a first path that is different from a second path with the second apparatus corresponding to the second set of antenna settings. The first apparatus may generate a first request frame including an indication to use the first path for at least one first field of a first measurement frame, and may output the first request frame for transmission to the second apparatus. The first apparatus may obtain, from the second apparatus, a first measurement frame via the first set of antenna settings for reception of at least one first field and via the second set of antenna settings for reception of one or more second fields of the first measurement frame. 1. An apparatus for wireless communication , the apparatus comprising: identify a first set of antenna settings and a second set of antenna settings based on beamforming training with a second apparatus, the first set of antenna settings corresponding to a first path with the second apparatus different from a second path with the second apparatus corresponding to the second set of antenna settings, and', 'generate a first request frame including an indication to use the first path for at least one first field of a first measurement frame;, 'a processing system configured toa first interface configured to output the first request frame for transmission to the second apparatus; anda second interface configured to obtain, from the second apparatus, a first measurement frame via the first set of antenna settings for reception of at least one first field of the first measurement frame and via the second set of antenna settings for reception of one or more second fields of the first measurement frame.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first request frame comprises a trigger field claim 1 , and the indication to use ...

FRAME FORMATS FOR CHANNEL BONDING AND MIMO TRANSMISSIONS

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for preamble structures for transmissions sent using channel bonding (across multiple channels) and/or MIMO (with two or more spatial streams). 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to generate a frame for transmission on at least one channel, the frame having: first information comprising at least one training field detectable by other apparatuses, the first information to be transmitted on a set of one or more sub-channels, each sub-channel comprising a fractional portion of a full bandwidth of the at least one channel, and', 'second information comprising at least one of channel estimation or header information, the second information to be transmitted using the full bandwidth of the at least one channel, and, 'a preamble portion comprising'}a data portion to be transmitted using the full bandwidth of the at least one channel; andan interface for outputting the frame for transmission.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the at least one channel comprises at least a first channel for transmitting at least first and second spatial streams; andthe at least one training field comprises at least a first training field for the first spatial stream to be transmitted on a first set of one or more sub-channels of the first channel, and at least a second training field for the second spatial stream to be transmitted on a second set of one or more sub-channels of the first channel, wherein the first and second sets of sub-channels are non-overlapping.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the second information comprises:at least first channel estimation information for the first spatial stream to be transmitted using the full bandwidth of the first channel; andat least second channel estimation information for the second spatial stream to be transmitted using the full bandwidth of the first channel.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the at least one ...

WLAN RADAR

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for enhancing a wireless local area network (WLAN) protocol compliant radar operation. An example apparatus generally includes a processing system configured to generate one or more frames associated with a radar operation, wherein the one or more frames are compliant with at least one WLAN protocol, a first interface configured to output the one or more frames for transmission in one or more directions, and a second interface configured to obtain a reflection of the one or more frames, wherein the processing system is further configured to perform one or more measurements based on the reflection and use the measurements as part of the radar operation. 1. An apparatus for wireless communication , comprising:a processing system configured to generate one or more frames associated with a radar operation, wherein the one or more frames are compliant with at least one wireless local area network (WLAN) protocol;a first interface configured to output the one or more frames for transmission in one or more directions; anda second interface configured to obtain a reflection of the one or more frames;wherein the processing system is further configured to perform one or more measurements based on the reflection and use the measurements as part of the radar operation.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more frames have a destination field set to a same value as a source field associated with the apparatus.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the one or more frames comprise at least one Golay sequence; andthe processing system is configured to detect the reflection based on the at least one Golay sequence.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more frames comprise at least one of a sector level sweep (SSW) frame claim 1 , short SSW frame claim 1 , or a clear to send (CTS) to self frame.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:each of the one or more frame comprises a plurality of ...

DUAL-MODE LOW-NOISE BLOCK CONTROLLER

Exemplary embodiments are related to a dual-mode controller. A device may include a controller configured to convey a signal to a low-noise block (LNB) via a transmission line and circuitry configured to sense at least one parameter of the transmission line. The device may further include logic coupled to the circuitry and configured to determine whether the transmission line is available for transmission based on the at least one sensed parameter.

PROTECTED WIFI SENSING MEASUREMENTS

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatuses for wireless communication. In some aspects, An example method includes receiving, from a second wireless communication device, a frame associated with one or more wireless sensing measurements, verifying an integrity of the received frame associated with a message integrity code (MIC) in the received frame, and obtaining one or more wireless sensing measurements associated with the received frame. 1. A first wireless communication device , comprising: 'obtain a frame associated with one or more wireless sensing measurements;', 'an interface configured to 'verify an integrity of the frame associated with a message integrity code (MIC) in the frame; and', 'a processing system configured to 'obtain one or more wireless sensing measurements associated with the frame.', 'the interface further configured to2. The first wireless communication device of claim 1 , wherein the MIC is configured to protect the integrity of a timestamp of the frame.3. The first wireless communication device of claim 2 , wherein verifying the integrity of the frame comprises validating the timestamp with the MIC.4. The first wireless communication device of claim 2 , wherein verifying the integrity of the frame is associated with a difference between an arrival time of the frame and the timestamp.5. The first wireless communication device of claim 4 , wherein verification of the integrity of the frame is associated with the difference between the arrival time of the frame and the timestamp being less than a threshold time.6. The first wireless communication device of claim 5 , further comprising refraining from verifying the integrity of the frame when the difference is greater than the threshold time.7. The first wireless communication device of claim 5 , wherein the threshold time is associated with an estimated propagation time of the frame.8. The first wireless communication device of claim 1 , wherein verifying the integrity of the ...

PROTECTED SESSIONLESS WIFI SENSING

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatuses for wireless sensing. In some aspects, a first wireless communication device may receive a first wireless transmission including a transmit (TX) parameter information element (IE). The first wireless communication device may verify the integrity of the TX parameter IE using a message integrity code (MIC) in the first wireless transmission, discarding the first wireless transmission when the MIC does not verify the integrity of the TX parameter IE. The first wireless device may obtain one or more transmission parameters for one or more second wireless communication devices associated with the TX parameter IE. The first wireless communication device may receive a second wireless transmission from one of the second wireless communication devices and obtain one or more wireless sensing measurements associated with the second wireless transmission and the one or more transmission parameters. 1. A first wireless communication device , comprising: obtain a first wireless transmission, the first wireless transmission including a transmit (TX) parameter information element (IE); and', 'obtain a second wireless transmission; and, 'an interface configured to obtain one or more transmission parameters for one or more second wireless communication devices associated with the TX parameter IE; and', 'obtain one or more wireless sensing measurements associated with the second wireless transmission and the one or more transmission parameters., 'a processing system configured to2. The first wireless communication device of claim 1 , wherein the processing system is further configured to verify an integrity of the TX parameter IE associated with a message integrity code (MIC) in the first wireless transmission.3. The first wireless communication device of claim 2 , wherein the MIC is configured to verify an integrity of at least an access category (AC) or traffic stream (TS field) associated with the first wireless ...

LONG BEAMFORMING TRAINING FIELD SEQUENCES

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for using frames having beamforming training fields with base complementary code sequences that have a longer length than complementary code sequences used in other fields of the frame. The longer length may help perform channel estimation when encountering longer delay spread, for example, due to multipath effects of multiple beams during a beamforming training procedure. The longer length may be based on a lengthening factor which may be signaled, for example, using on or more bits of a preamble portion of the frames. 1. An apparatus for wireless communication , comprising: at least one beamforming training field having one or more repetitions of one or more base complementary sequences, and', 'one or more bits providing an indication of a length of one of the one or more base complementary sequences relative to a reference sequence length; and, 'a processing system configured to generate a frame comprisingan interface configured to output the frame for transmission.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more base complementary sequences comprise base Golay sequences.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reference sequence length is based on a channel bonding value.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the indication comprises a lengthening factor claim 1 , and further wherein the length is a function of the reference sequence length and the lengthening factor.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein one value of the lengthening factor results in the length of the one or more base complementary sequences and the reference sequence length being the same.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more bits comprise one or more bits of an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) header field of a preamble portion of the frame.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processing system is further configured to determine the length of the one or more base complementary sequences ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REDUCING INTERFERENCE FROM NEIGHBORING WIRELESS DEVICES

A technique is disclosed for reducing interference in a communication system including a plurality of wireless devices. A first device transmits an RTS-TRN frame including a Request to Send (RTS) portion and a first beam training sequence to determine whether a communication medium is available to communicate with a second device. If the communication medium is available, the second device transmits a CTS-TRN frame including a Clear to Send (CTS) portion and a second beam training sequence. One or more neighboring devices that receive the RTS-TRN frame and/or the CTS-TRN frame configure their respective antennas to generate one or more nulls aimed at the first and second devices when transmitting signals, as long as the first and second devices are communicating based on a duration field in the RTS-TRN frame and/or CTS-TRN frame. This reduces interference at the first and/or second devices. 1258-. (canceled)259. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to generate a first frame including a duration field, an address field, and a first beam training sequence, wherein the duration field includes information indicating an estimated duration during which a communication medium will be used for communicating with a device, and wherein the address field includes information identifying at least one of the apparatus or the device; andan interface configured to output the first frame for transmission to the device.260. The apparatus of claim 259 , wherein the first frame comprises a Request to Send (RTS) portion including the duration field and the address field.261. The apparatus of claim 259 , wherein the processing system is further configured to configure an antenna to transmit the first frame with antenna radiation pattern having a primary lobe aimed substantially at the device.262. The apparatus of claim 259 , wherein the processing system is further configured to receive a second frame from the device claim 259 , wherein ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REDUCING INTERFERENCE FROM NEIGHBORING WIRELESS DEVICES

A technique is disclosed for reducing interference in a communication system including a plurality of wireless devices. A first device transmits an RTS-TRN frame including a Request to Send (RTS) portion and a first beam training sequence to determine whether a communication medium is available to communicate with a second device. If the communication medium is available, the second device transmits a CTS-TRN frame including a Clear to Send (CTS) portion and a second beam training sequence. One or more neighboring devices that receive the RTS-TRN frame and/or the CTS-TRN frame configure their respective antennas to generate one or more nulls aimed at the first and second devices when transmitting signals, as long as the first and second devices are communicating based on a duration field in the RTS-TRN frame and/or CTS-TRN frame. This reduces interference at the first and/or second devices. 1329-. (canceled)330. An apparatus for wireless communication , comprising: receive a first frame comprising a first beam training sequence from a first device;', 'configure an antenna in a first configuration based on the first beam training sequence; and', 'generate a second frame; and, 'a processing system configured toan interface configured to output the second frame for transmission to a second device via the antenna while the antenna is being configured in the first configuration.331. The apparatus of claim 330 , wherein the first configuration comprises the antenna configured to generate an antenna radiation pattern with a null aimed substantially at the first device.332. The apparatus of claim 330 , wherein the first configuration comprises the antenna configured to generate an antenna radiation pattern with a primary lobe aimed substantially at the second device and a null aimed substantially at the first device.333. The apparatus of claim 330 , wherein the first frame comprises a Request to Send (RTS) portion claim 330 , and wherein the processing system is configured ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REDUCING INTERFERENCE FROM NEIGHBORING WIRELESS DEVICES

A technique is disclosed for reducing interference in a communication system including a plurality of wireless devices. A first device transmits a frame (e.g., an RTS frame or a CTS frame) to a second device, the frame including information from which a non-target third device may use to estimate potential interference at the first device based on a proposed transmission to a fourth device. The information includes at least one of an interference and sensitivity factor (ISF), transmit power, and reciprocity factor (a difference between an antenna receive gain and an antenna transmit gain). Using the information in the frame to estimate the potential interference at the first device, the third device may choose to proceed with the proposed transmission if the estimated potential interference is less than a threshold; or withdraw or modify the proposed transmission if the estimated potential interference is greater than or equal to a threshold. 1. A method for wireless communications , comprising:generating at least one frame including information from which at least one first wireless node is able to estimate a potential interference at an apparatus configured to transmit the at least one frame, wherein the information includes an interference sensitivity factor (ISF) related to a transmit power and a reciprocity factor of the apparatus; andoutputting the at least one frame for transmission to at least one second wireless node.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transmit power is associated with transmitting the at least one frame to the at least one second wireless node.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one frame comprises a plurality of frames claim 1 , and wherein the ISF is related to a plurality of transmit powers for transmitting the plurality of frames claim 1 , respectively.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the ISF is related to an average or maximum of the plurality of transmit powers for transmitting the plurality of frames.5. The method ...

FAST TRAINING ON MULTI-ANTENNA SYSTEMS

Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatus for performing beamforming training in multi-antenna wireless devices. For example, an apparatus for wireless communication may include a first interface configured to obtain, from each of a plurality of radio frequency (RF) modules, a first information regarding detection of one or more pilot signals via at least one antenna element at a respective one of the plurality of RF modules. The apparatus may also include a processing system configured to process the first information obtained from the plurality of RF modules to generate second information to synchronize the plurality of RF modules, and a second interface configured to provide the second information to the plurality of RF modules. 1. An apparatus for wireless communication , comprising:a first interface configured to obtain, from each of a plurality of radio frequency (RF) modules, a first information regarding detection of one or more pilot signals via at least one antenna element at a respective one of the plurality of RF modules;a processing system configured to process the first information obtained from the plurality of RF modules to generate a second information to synchronize the plurality of RF modules; anda second interface configured to provide the second information to the plurality of RF modules.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first information is obtained via a baseband module.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the first information is obtained via a beam refinement phase (BRP) report.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein each BRP report includes the first information regarding detection of a pilot signal from a single antenna element or sector.5. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein each BRP report includes information regarding one or more taps of a Golay cross-correlator of each of the plurality of RF modules with detection peaks of the one or more pilot signals.6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein:the ...

WIDE TRANSMIT SECTOR LEVEL SWEEP (SLS) SECTORS

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for using wide transmit sector level sweep (SLS) sectors. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to generate one or more first frames to be output for transmission to a wireless device during a transmit sector sweep using first transmit beamforming sectors that are wider than one or more second transmit beamforming sectors to be used for transmitting data frames to the wireless device; anda first interface configured to output the one or more first frames for transmission using the first transmit beamforming sectors.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the processing system is further configured to generate an indication that the first transmit beamforming sectors are wider than the second transmit beamforming sectors; andthe first interface is configured to output the indication for transmission.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein:the processing system is configured to generate a sector sweep feedback frame with the indication therein; andthe first interface is configured to output the sector sweep feedback frame for transmission.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the apparatus further comprises a second interface configured to obtain an indication, from the wireless device, of at least one of the first transmit beamforming sectors;the processing system is further configured to generate one or more second frames to be output for transmission to the wireless device during a transmit beam refinement phase (BRP-TX) using one or more of the second transmit beamforming sectors that overlap with the indicated first transmit beamforming sector; andthe first interface is further configured to output the one or more second frames for transmission using the one or more of the second transmit beamforming sectors.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , whereinthe second interface is configured to obtain, from the wireless device, an indication of one of the ...

USING SEQUENCES OF PILOT REPETITIONS FOR RECEIVER ADAPTATION

Various aspects of the disclosure relate to communication using sequences of pilot repetitions to adapt the operation of a receiver. Various aspects of the disclosure relate to communication using short training fields to adapt the operation of a receiver. 1. An apparatus for communication , comprising:an interface configured to obtain a sequence comprising pilot repetitions; and modify the sequence to provide a modified sequence, and', 'generate a frame comprising the modified sequence,, 'a processing system configured towherein the interface is further configured to output the frame for transmission.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the frame comprises an IEEE 802.11ay frame.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the generation of the frame comprises including the modified sequence in at least a portion of a short training field of the frame.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the short training field comprises an extended directional multi-gigabit short training field.56-. (canceled)7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the modification of the sequence comprises applying a plurality of gains to the sequence.810-. (canceled)11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the modified sequence comprises a signal defined for linearity estimation.12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the modified sequence comprises a signal defined for leakage estimation.13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the modification of the sequence comprises applying a high-pass filter to at least one of the pilot repetitions of the sequence.14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the processing system is further configured to generate an indication of the modification of the sequence; andthe interface is further configured to output the indication for transmission.15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the indication indicates at least one gain applied to at least one of the pilot repetitions of the sequence.1621-. (canceled)22. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the indication indicates at ...

CO-EXISTENCE OF MILLIMETER WAVE COMMUNICATION AND RADAR

Various aspects of the disclosure relate to co-existence of millimeter wave (mmW) communication and radar. In some aspects, a device that supports mmW communication and radar operations may determine whether or when to conduct radar operations based on information obtained about a nearby mmW network. For example, prior to sending radar signals, the device may monitor for mmW communication signals. As another example, the device may send at least one mmW communication signal to reserve a communication medium for subsequent radar operations. As yet another example, the device may conduct radar operations during idle or allocated time periods defined by the mmW network. 1. An apparatus for communication , comprising:an interface configured to obtain millimeter wave communication information; anda processing system configured to control a radar operation at the apparatus according to the millimeter wave communication information.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the millimeter wave communication information comprises base station signaling detected on a first millimeter wave channel; andthe control of the radar operation comprises electing to use a second millimeter wave channel for the radar operation after the obtaining of the millimeter wave communication information comprising the base station signaling detected on the first millimeter wave channel.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the millimeter wave communication information indicates that a basic service set was detected on a first millimeter wave channel; andthe control of the radar operation comprises electing to use a second millimeter wave channel for the radar operation after the obtaining of the millimeter wave communication information that indicates that the basic service set was detected on the first millimeter wave channel.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the millimeter wave communication information comprises control allocation signaling; andthe control of the radar operation comprises ...

BEAMFORMING TRAINING USING MULTIPLE-INPUT AND MULTIPLE-OUTPUT TRANSMISSION SCHEME

Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to beamforming training using a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) transmission scheme. Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide an apparatus that generally includes a processing system configured to generate a frame associated with beamforming training, the frame comprising an indication of whether the beamforming training is to be performed using a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) transmission scheme. The apparatus may also include an interface configured to output the frame for transmission. 1. An apparatus for wireless communication , comprising:a processing system configured to generate a frame associated with beamforming training, the frame comprising an indication of whether the beamforming training is to be performed using a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) transmission scheme; anda first interface configured to output the frame for transmission.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the frame comprises a field comprising one or more bits claim 1 , wherein the one or more bits provide the indication of whether the beamforming training is to be performed using the MIMO transmission scheme.3. (canceled)4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the one or more bits also indicate a number of streams to be used for the MIMO transmission scheme.5. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the field comprises one or more other bits providing an indication of whether the MIMO transmission scheme is single-user (SU) or multi-user (MU).6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein:the first interface is configured to output for transmission a feedback request during a multiple sector ID (MID) phase of the beamforming training; andthe apparatus further comprises a second interface configured to obtain feedback associated with the frame in response to the feedback request if the one or more other bits indicate that the MIMO transmission scheme is MU.7. (canceled)8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the ...

FLY FEEDBACK

In certain aspects of the present disclosure an apparatus for wireless communication comprises a processing system and an interface. The processing system is configured to generate a preamble and a first data portion of a frame, wherein the preamble includes information for receiving the frame at a device, receive a message from the device, wherein the message provides feedback of reception of the first data portion by the device, and generate a second data portion of the frame. The interface is configure to output the preamble and the first data portion of the frame for transmission to the device, and output the second data portion of the frame for transmission to the device, wherein transmission of the first and second data portions of the frame are separated in time by a gap, and the message is received within the gap. 1. An apparatus for wireless communication , comprising: generate a preamble and a first data portion of a frame, wherein the preamble includes information for receiving the frame at a device;', 'receive a message from the device, wherein the message provides feedback of reception of the first data portion by the device; and', 'generate a second data portion of the frame; and, 'a processing system configured to output the preamble and the first data portion of the frame for transmission to the device; and', 'output the second data portion of the frame for transmission to the device, wherein transmission of the first and second data portions of the frame are separated in time by a gap, and the message is received within the gap., 'an interface configured to2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the information includes at least one of a short training field (STF) claim 1 , a channel estimation field (CEF) claim 1 , or a header.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the gap is approximately equal to or less than two microseconds.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first data portion of the frame includes a plurality of data blocks claim 1 , the ...

EFFICIENT BEAMFORMING TECHNIQUE

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for signaling a receive antenna mode to use during beamforming training procedure. For example, an apparatus for wireless communications, may generally include a processing system configured to generate a first frame having one or more beamforming training fields to be output for transmission to a wireless device using a directional transmit antenna mode and an indication whether the wireless device is to be in an Omni-directional receive antenna mode to receive the one or more beamforming training fields, and a first interface configured to output the first frame for transmission. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to generate a first frame having one or more beamforming training fields to be output for transmission to at least one wireless device using a directional transmit antenna mode and an indication whether the at least one wireless device is to be in an Omni-directional receive antenna mode to receive the one or more beamforming training fields; anda first interface configured to output the first frame for transmission.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the indication is provided in a header of the first frame.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the processing system is further configured to perform a beamforming training procedure to establish a link between the apparatus and the at least one wireless device; andthe first frame is output for transmission after establishing the link between the apparatus and the at least one wireless device.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein:the beamforming training procedure comprises a sector level sweep (SLS) procedure; andthe one or more beamforming training fields are output for transmission in directions based on results of the SLS procedure.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the processing system is further configured to at least begin performing a sector level sweep (SLS) procedure ...

MILLIMETER WAVE RANGING WITH SIX DEGREES OF FREEDOM

Various aspects of the disclosure relate to millimeter wave ranging with six degrees of freedom. For example, a multi-gigabyte link (e.g., an IEEE 802.11ad link or an 802.11ay link) and RF/Antenna diversity modules can be used to conduct round trip time (RTT) distance measurements between an anchor point and a station. Relative location information (e.g., degrees of freedom) between the wireless devices can then be determined based on the distance measurements. 1. An apparatus for communication , comprising:an interface configured to obtain a plurality of signals; and estimate a plurality of distances between a first plurality of antennas and a second plurality of antennas based on the plurality of signals,', 'determine six degrees of freedom between the apparatus for communication and another apparatus based on the plurality of distances, and', 'generate an indication of the six degrees of freedom,, 'a processing system configured towherein the interface is further configured to output the indication.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of signals comprise millimeter wave signals.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the determination of the six degrees of freedom comprises:determining at least one relative translation parameter and at least one relative rotation parameter from the plurality of distances.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the determination of the six degrees of freedom further comprises:solving a system of equations based on the at least one relative translation parameter and the at least one relative rotation parameter.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the estimation of the plurality of distances comprises conducting a plurality of round-trip-time (RTT) measurements.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the six degrees of freedom comprise: up-down claim 1 , right-left claim 1 , back-forward claim 1 , roll claim 1 , yaw claim 1 , and pitch.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein any separation between any two antennas of the ...

MODE INDICATION FOR WIRELESS DEVICES

Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatus for wireless communication. More particularly, aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to techniques for providing an indication of an operating mode involving an enhanced modulation scheme. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising: to generate a first frame having a header portion recognizable by first and second types of devices, and', whether another portion of the frame is encoded using an enhanced modulation scheme supported by the second type of devices but not supported by the first type of devices or', 'a length of the portion of the frame encoded using the enhanced modulation scheme; and, 'to select a first value of a scrambler field of the header portion of the frame to indicate at least one of], 'a processing system configured'}a first interface configured to output the frame for transmission.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first value provides an indication of both:whether the other portion of the frame is encoded using the enhanced modulation scheme; and the length of the portion of the frame encoded using the enhanced modulation scheme.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processing system is configured to select the first value such that a modulus function applied to the first value indicates the length of the portion of the frame encoded using the enhanced modulation scheme.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the processing system is further configured to indicate, via at least one bit in the header portion, whether the other portion of the frame is encoded using the enhanced modulation scheme.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first value of the scrambler field also indicates a code rate used when encoding the other portion of the frame using the enhanced modulation scheme.6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein:the processing system is configured to select the code rate from a set of available code rates that includes a 13/16 ...

Beamforming for line of sight (los) link

Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to beamforming training for a sector corresponding to a line of sight (LOS). For example, certain aspects of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus generally includes an interface for obtaining a plurality of frames from a wireless node during a sector sweep procedure, and a processing system configured to select a frame of the plurality of frames as corresponding to a line of sight (LOS) between the apparatus and the wireless node based on a relative time of flight (RTOF) of the frame, and perform beamforming using the selected frame.

TRIGGER FRAME FOR CHANGING MODES OF OPERATION

Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to switching mode of operation between an apparatus and a wireless node. An apparatus for wireless communication may generate a first frame comprising one or more fields indicating at least one of a request to change a mode for communication between the apparatus and a wireless node, wherein the change in the mode includes switching to one of single-input single-output (SISO), single-user multi-input multi-output (SU-MIMO), or multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) operation, or one or more parameters related to the change and output the first frame for transmission. Correspondingly, an apparatus for wireless communication may obtain a first frame comprising one or more fields indicating a request to change a mode for communication between the apparatus and a wireless node or parameters related to the change and take one or more actions to communicate in accordance with the change in the mode or the parameters. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising: one or more fields indicating at least one of a request to change a mode for communication between the apparatus and a wireless node, wherein the change in the mode includes switching to one of single-input single-output (SISO), single-user multi-input multi-output (SU-MIMO), or multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) operation, or', 'one or more parameters related to the change in the mode; and, 'a processing system configured to generate a first frame comprisinga first interface configured to output the first frame for transmission.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fields of the first frame comprise:a first field indicating the request to change the mode for communication and a second field indicating the parameters related to the change.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a second interface configured to obtain a second frame; andthe processing system is further configured to process the second frame according to the parameters related to the ...

DUAL RECEIVER FOR MILLIMETER WAVE COMMUNICATIONS

Certain aspects relate to methods and apparatus for wireless communication. Particularly, aspects relate to techniques for wireless communications by an apparatus including a receive processing chain configured to process frames of a first type obtained via an omnidirectional antenna and frames of a second type obtained via an antenna array, a detector configured to detect a preamble portion of a frame of the first type, and a processing system configured to switch an input path of the receive processing chain from the antenna array to the omnidirectional antenna after the detection. Other aspects relate to wireless communications by an apparatus including a processing system that generates a frame of a first type having an indication that the apparatus can switch between outputting omnidirectional frames and outputting beamforming frames for transmission independent of channel reservation signaling, and a first interface configured to output the frame of the first type for transmission. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:an interface configured to obtain one or more frames of a first type via an omnidirectional antenna and one or more frames of a second type obtained via an antenna array; anda processing system configured to switch an input path of a receive processing chain of the apparatus from the antenna array to the omnidirectional antenna in response to a detection of a preamble portion of the one or more frames of the first type.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the one or more frames of the first type comprise a control frame having a preamble portion longer than a preamble portion of the one or more frames of the second type.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the processing system is further configured to decode the preamble portion of the one or more frames of the first type and to process another portion of the one or more frames of the first type, based on information in the preamble portion.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , ...

PASSIVE POSITIONING BASED ON DIRECTIONAL TRANSMISSIONS

Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to passive positioning based on directional transmissions, such as directional beacons transmitted during a sector sweep procedure. 1. An apparatus for wireless communication , comprising: a first frame from a first wireless node,', 'a second frame from a second wireless node,', 'information indicating a time of arrival (TOA) of a third frame at a third wireless node, and', 'information indicating a TOA of a fourth frame at the third wireless node;, 'an interface configured to obtain estimate a first position of the apparatus relative to the first and second wireless nodes based on at least one of a TOA of the first frame at the apparatus, a TOA of the second frame at the apparatus, the TOA of the third frame at the third wireless node, or the TOA of the fourth frame at the third wireless node, and', 'generate a fifth frame including information regarding at least one of the first position or an absolute position estimated by the processing system based on the first position; and, 'a processing system configured toa second interface configured to output the fifth frame for transmission.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the first frame includes a first counter value indicating a number of sectors remaining in a first sector sweep involving the apparatus;the second frame includes a second counter value indicating a number of sectors remaining in a second sector sweep involving the apparatus;the interface is further configured to obtain a third counter value indicating a number of sectors remaining in the first sector sweep after a sector associated with the third frame and a fourth counter value indicating a number of sectors remaining in the second sector sweep after a sector associated with the fourth frame; andthe estimation of the first position is further based on the first counter value, the second counter value, the third counter value, and the fourth counter value.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , ...

EFFICIENT CLEAR CHANNEL ASSESSMENT (CCA) WITH REQUEST-TO-SEND (RTS) FRAME AND CLEAR-TO-SEND (CTS) FRAME

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may generally include a first interface configured to obtain a first frame on at least one channel, a processing system configured to perform an assessment on the at least one channel, and generate a second frame after obtaining the first frame, and determine a transmission time of the second frame based on results of the assessment, and a second interface configured output the second frame for transmission on the at least one channel according to the determined transmission time. 1. An apparatus for wireless communication , comprising:a first interface configured to obtain a first frame on at least one channel; perform an assessment on the at least one channel;', 'generate a second frame after obtaining the first frame; and', 'determine a transmission time of the second frame based on results of the assessment; and, 'a processing system configured toa second interface configured to output the second frame for transmission on the at least one channel according to the determined transmission time.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first frame comprises a request-to-send (RTS) frame claim 1 , and the second frame comprises a clear-to-send (CTS) frame.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one channel comprises a plurality of channels.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second frame comprises an indication that the transmission of the second frame is a last transmission in response to the first frame.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second interface is configured to output the second frame for transmission after the first frame is obtained and at an end of a short interframe space (SIFS) interval or a point coordination function (PCF) Interframe Space (PIFS) interval claim 1 , wherein the SIFS interval and the PIFS interval begin when the first frame is obtained.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one channel ...

BEAMFORMING SCHEDULING IN A DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

A method and an apparatus for performing beamforming training using time division duplex (TDD) service periods is provided. An initiator device configures slots assigned to a responder device of an existing TDD schedule for the beamforming training. The initiator device transmits one or more packets to trigger an antenna sweep for one or more sectors of a beamforming antenna of the responder device during a first slot of the multiple slots. The first slot is assigned to the responder device for receiving from the initiator device. The responder device performs the antenna sweep for the one or more sectors of the beamforming antenna of the responder device. The responder device transmits to the initiator device an acknowledgement of the antenna sweep in a second slot of the multiple slots assigned to the responder device. The second slot is assigned to the responder device for transmitting to the initiator device. 1. A method of performing beamforming training by an initiator device , comprising:configuring one or more slots assigned to a responder device of an existing time division duplex (TDD) schedule between the initiator device and the responder device for the beamforming training;triggering an antenna sweep for one or more sectors of a beamforming antenna of the responder device during a first slot of the one or more slots assigned to the responder device; andreceiving, from the responder device, an acknowledgement of the antenna sweep in a second slot of the one or more slots assigned to the responder device.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more slots of the existing TDD schedule are allocated for data communication between the initiator device and the responder device.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first slot is one of a data-only TDD slot or a beamforming TDD slot allocated for the beamforming training of the existing TDD schedule.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second slot is one of a basic TDD slot or a beamforming TDD slot ...

DOUBLE ONE-DIMENSIONAL SECTOR SWEEP SCAN

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for enhancing a sector sweep. The apparatus generally includes a processing system configured to generate a first set of frames and a second set of frames. The apparatus also includes a first interface configured to output the first set of frames for transmission to a wireless node via a first set of beams, wherein each beam of the first set is wider in a first dimension than a second dimension, and output the second set of frames for transmission to the wireless node via a second set of beams, wherein each beam of the second set is wider in the second dimension than the first dimension. 1. An apparatus for wireless communication , comprising:a processing system configured to generate a first set of frames and a second set of frames; and output the first set of frames for transmission to a wireless node via a first set of beams, wherein each beam of the first set is wider in a first dimension than a second dimension, and wherein each beam of the first set corresponds to a different transmit direction along the first dimension that is associated with a different angle in the second dimension, and', 'output the second set of frames for transmission to the wireless node via a second set of beams, wherein each beam of the second set is wider in the second dimension than the first dimension, and wherein each beam of the second set corresponds to a different transmit direction along the second dimension that is associated with a different angle in the first dimension., 'a first interface configured to2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first dimension corresponds to elevation and the second dimension corresponds to azimuth claim 1 , and the first set of beams collectively spans approximately a same coverage area as the second set of beams.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each frame of the first and second sets has a beam index indicating a beam via which the frame was output for ...

FAST BEAM REFINEMENT PHASE FOR PERIODIC BEAMFORMING TRAINING

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for enhancing a beamforming training procedure. For example, an apparatus for wireless communications may include a processing system configured to generate a first transmit beamforming refinement frame, a first interface configured to output the first transmit beamforming refinement frame for transmission to a wireless node, wherein a first portion of the first transmit beamforming refinement frame is output for transmission via a first transmit beamforming sector and further wherein training fields of the first transmit beamforming refinement frame are output for transmission via two or more second transmit beamforming sectors, and a second interface configured to obtain a first feedback frame from the wireless node indicating one of the second transmit beamforming sectors. The apparatus may be configured to use the indicated second transmit beamforming sector for communication with the wireless node. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to generate a first transmit beamforming refinement frame;a first interface configured to output the first transmit beamforming refinement frame for transmission to a wireless node, wherein a first portion of the first transmit beamforming refinement frame is output for transmission via a first transmit beamforming sector and further wherein training fields of the first transmit beamforming refinement frame are output for transmission via two or more second transmit beamforming sectors; anda second interface configured to obtain a first feedback frame from the wireless node indicating one of the second transmit beamforming sectors,wherein the apparatus is configured to use the indicated second transmit beamforming sector for communication with the wireless node.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the processing system is further configured to generate a first receive beamforming refinement frame; andthe ...

SPLIT SECTOR LEVEL SWEEP USING BEAMFORMING REFINEMENT FRAMES

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for enhancing a beamforming training procedure. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to generate a plurality of transmit beamforming refinement frames for a sector sweep, each transmit beamforming refinement frame comprising a preamble, a data field, at least one beamforming training field, and an indication of whether the transmit beamforming refinement frame is a last transmit beamforming refinement frame in the sector sweep;a first interface configured to output the transmit beamforming refinement frames for transmission using a first transmit beamforming sector for the preambles and data fields and using one or more of second transmit beamforming sectors for each beamforming field; anda second interface configured to obtain a first feedback frame from a wireless node, after the last transmit beamforming refinement frame in the sector sweep was output for transmission, the first feedback frame indicating one or more of the second transmit beamforming sectors;wherein the apparatus is configured to select at least one of the indicated one or more of the second transmit beamforming sectors for communication with the wireless node.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first interface is configured to output each beamforming field for transmission via a different set of the second transmit beamforming sectors.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the indication of whether the transmit beamforming refinement frame is a last transmit beamforming refinement frame in the sector sweep is provided via a single bit.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the indication of whether the transmit beamforming refinement frame is a last transmit beamforming refinement frame in the sector sweep is provided via a plurality of bits claim 1 , wherein the plurality of bits also indicate whether a corresponding transmit beamforming frame is at a start of the ...

IMMEDIATE RESPONSES UNDER TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXED (TDM) ACCESS

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for accommodating immediate response to frames transmitted under time division multiplexed (TDM) access. Certain aspects of the present disclosure also provide methods and apparatus for indicating a frame is transmitted under time division multiplexed (TDM) access. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to generate a first frame;a first interface configured to output the first frame for transmission to a wireless node during a first service period used for simplex communications from the apparatus node to the wireless node; anda second interface configured to monitor, during a second service period used for simplex communications from the wireless node to the apparatus, for a second frame from the wireless node acknowledging receipt of the first frame.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second frame comprises a block acknowledgment (BA) acknowledging a plurality of frames including the first frame.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein:one or more of the plurality of frames are negatively acknowledged in the BA; andthe first interface is further configured to output the one or more negatively acknowledged frames for retransmission during a third service period used for simplex communications from the apparatus to the wireless node.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second frame is monitored for in a first occurring slot claim 1 , within the second service period claim 1 , that is assigned to the wireless node for time division duplexing (TDD) channel access to a medium for simplex communications from the wireless node to the apparatus.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the first frame is output for transmission in a slot claim 4 , within the first service period claim 4 , that is assigned to the apparatus for TDD channel access to the medium for simplex communications from the apparatus to the wireless node.6. The apparatus of claim ...

Wideband sector sweep using wideband training (trn) field

Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to beamforming training. For example, certain aspects of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus generally includes a processing system configured to generate a plurality of transmit sector sweep frames for transmission on a set of channels. In certain aspects, each of the transmit sector sweep frames comprise a preamble portion to be output for transmission on the set of channels, and a wideband training field to be output for transmission on a bandwidth spanning the set of channels. In certain aspects, the apparatus also includes an interface configured to output the transmit sector sweep frames for transmission on the set of channels using different transmit beamforming sectors.

SPLIT BEAMFORMING REFINEMENT PHASE (BRP) BASED SECTOR LEVEL SWEEP (SLS) FOR MULTI-ANTENNA ARRAY DEVICES

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for enhancing a beamforming training procedure. For example, an apparatus can include a processing system that generates a plurality of transmit beamforming refinement frames for a transmit sector sweep that each include a preamble, a data field, at least one beamforming training field, identification of a transmit antenna array to be used for transmitting the at least one beamforming training field, and a status indication of whether the transmit beamforming refinement frame is a last transmit beamforming refinement frame in the transmit sector sweep for one or more receive antenna arrays of a wireless node. The apparatus also includes a first interface that outputs the transmit beamforming refinement frames using a first transmit beamforming sector for the preambles and data fields, and one or more second transmit beamforming sectors for subfields of the beamforming training fields. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to generate a plurality of transmit beamforming refinement frames for a transmit sector sweep, each transmit beamforming refinement frame comprising a preamble, a data field, at least one beamforming training field, an identification of a transmit antenna array to be used for transmitting the at least one beamforming training field, and a status indication of whether the transmit beamforming refinement frame is a last transmit beamforming refinement frame in the transmit sector sweep for one or more receive antenna arrays of a wireless node; anda first interface configured to output the transmit beamforming refinement frames for transmission.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a second interface configured to obtain at least one feedback frame from the wireless node, after the last transmit beamforming refinement frame in the sector sweep for at least one of the receive antenna arrays of the wireless node was output ...

UNICAST AND BROADCAST PROTOCOL FOR WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK RANGING AND DIRECTION FINDING

Disclosed embodiments facilitate wireless channel calibration, including ranging and direction finding, between wirelessly networked devices. In some embodiments. a method on a first station (STA) may comprise: transmitting a first NDPA frame to one or more second stations (STAs), the first NDPA frame comprising a first bit indicating that one or more subsequent frames comprise ranging or angular information; and transmitting, after a Short Interval Frame Space (SIFS) time interval, a second frame. The second frame may be one of: a Null Data Packet az (NDP_az) frame with information about a time of transmission of the NDP_az frame, or a Null Data Packet (NDP) frame, or a Beam Refinement Protocol (BRP) frame. The first NDPA frame may be unicast, multicast, or broadcast. 1. A method on a first station (STA) comprising:transmitting, at a first time, a first NDPA frame to one or more second stations (STAs), the first NDPA frame comprising a first bit indicating that one or more subsequent frames comprise ranging or angular information; and a Null Data Packet az (NDP_az) frame with information about a time of transmission of the NDP_az frame, or', 'a Null Data Packet (NDP) frame, or', 'a Beam Refinement Protocol (BRP) frame., 'transmitting, after a Short Interval Frame Space (SIFS) time interval from the first time, a second frame, wherein the second frame is one of2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:transmitting the first NDPA frame comprises unicasting the first NDPA frame to a corresponding STA of the one or more second STAs; andtransmitting the second frame comprises unicasting the second frame to the corresponding STA of the one or more second STAs.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:receiving, at the first STA, in response to the second frame, a Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) frame from the corresponding STA with at least one of:a first timing information for Round Trip Time (RTT) calculations by the first STA, the first timing information comprising one or ...

UNICAST AND BROADCAST PROTOCOL FOR WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK RANGING AND DIRECTION FINDING

Disclosed embodiments facilitate wireless channel calibration, ranging, and direction finding, between networked devices. A method on a first station (STA) may comprise: broadcasting, at a first time, a first NDPA frame to a plurality of second STAs. The first NDPA frame may include a first bit indicating that one or more subsequent frames comprise ranging or angular information. After a Short Interval Frame Space (SIFS) time interval from the first time, a second frame may be broadcast. The second frame may be a Null Data Packet (NDP) frame. In response, a plurality of Compressed Beamforming (CBF) frames may be received at the first STA where each CBF frame may be received from a distinct corresponding second STA, and may include Channel Feedback Information field with information pertaining to communication channel between the first STA and the corresponding second STA. The communications may be encoded using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access. 1. A method on a first station (STA) comprising:broadcasting, at a first time, a first NDPA frame to a plurality of second stations (STAs), the first NDPA frame comprising a first bit indicating that one or more subsequent frames comprise ranging or angular information; a Null Data Packet az (NDP_az) frame with information about a time of transmission of the NDP_az frame, or', 'a Null Data Packet (NDP) frame; and, 'broadcasting, after a Short Interval Frame Space (SIFS) time interval from the first time, a second frame to the plurality of second station (STAs), wherein the second frame is one of received from a distinct corresponding second STA in the plurality of second STAs, and', 'comprises a corresponding Channel Feedback Information (CFI) field with information pertaining to communication channel between the first STA and the corresponding second STA., 'receiving, at the first STA, in response to the second frame, a plurality of Compressed Beamforming (CBF) frames, wherein each CBF frame in the plurality of ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING SINGLE CHANNEL, BONDED CHANNEL, AND MIMO OFDM FRAMES WITH FIELDS TO FACILITATE AGC, TIMING, AND CHANNEL ESTIMATION

Disclosed is an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus includes a processing system configured to generate a single-channel frame, a bonded channel frame, or a MIMO channel frame. Each of the frame types includes a first portion and a second portion, said first portion being decodable by a first device operating according to a first protocol, said second portion not being decodable by the first device, wherein the first and second portions are decodable by a second device operating according to a second protocol; and an interface configured to output the frame for transmission. The second portion includes a first field including frequency-domain PRBS data for AGC, a second field including a time-domain sequence for timing of input sample window for FFT processing, and a third field including frequency-domain pilots for channel estimation. For MIMO, these fields for different transmit chains are transmitted in a time aligned manner. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to generate a frame comprising a first portion and a second portion, said first portion being decodable by a first device operating according to a first protocol, said second portion not being decodable by the first device, wherein the first and second portions are decodable by a second device operating according to a second protocol; andan interface configured to output the frame for transmission.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processing system is configured to configure the second portion to include a frequency-domain pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) data for transmission via subcarriers of an OFDM transmission.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the processing system is configured to generate the PRBS data based on a particular seed for a particular primitive polynomial.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processing system is configured to configure the second portion to include a time-domain sequence.5. The ...

TECHNIQUE FOR OVER-THE-AIR NON-LINEARITY ESTIMATION

Systems and methods are provided for estimating non-linearity of a transmitter, a receiver or both based on measurements and/or feedback. The estimation of the non-linearity may be used at the transmitter, the receiver or both to tune one or more components to reduce non-linearity. In one aspect, a method for wireless communications comprises generating at least one training signal, and outputting the at least one training signal for transmission to a wireless node. The method also comprises receiving a feedback message from the wireless node, the feedback message providing feedback of the at least one training signal received at the wireless node. The method further comprises tuning at least one component based on the feedback message. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to generate at least one training signal; andan interface configured to output the at least one training signal for transmission to a wireless node, and to receive a feedback message from the wireless node, the feedback message providing feedback of the at least one training signal received at the wireless node;wherein the processing system is further configured to tune at least one component based on the feedback message.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the feedback message includes one or more samples of the at least one training signal received at the wireless node claim 1 , and the processing system is further configured to determine non-linearity in the at least one training signal received at the wireless node based on the one or more samples claim 1 , and to tune the at least component based on the determined non-linearity.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the one or more samples of the at least one training signal include at least one of one or more raw samples of the at least one training signal or one or more equalized samples of the at least one training signal.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the processing system is ...

TECHNIQUE FOR REDUCING RESPONDING SECTOR SWEEP TIME FOR MILLIMETER-WAVE DEVICES

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques that may help reduce sector sweep time. In some cases, the techniques involve generating frames for transmission during a sector sweep procedure, each frame including an address field being determined based on at least one of a transmitter address of the apparatus or a receiver address of an intended recipient of the generated frames and having fewer bits than at least one of the transmitter address or the receiver address. In some cases, the techniques involve using different frame formats for initiator and responder frames transmitted during the sector sweep procedure. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a first interface for obtaining first frames from a wireless node during a sector sweep procedure;a processing system configured to generate feedback regarding a transmit beamforming sector associated with one of the first frames, based on received signal qualities of the first frames as observed at the apparatus, and to generate second frames including the feedback, wherein the first frames have a first frame format and the second frames have a second frame format that is different from the first frame format; anda second interface configured to output the second frames for transmission to the wireless node.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the first frame format is defined by a first version of a standard or family of standards;the second frame format is defined by a second version of the standard or family of standards, wherein the second version of the standard or family of standards is subsequent to the first version of the standard or family of standards.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second frame format has a frame control field having fewer bits than a frame control field of the first frame format.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a frame control field of the second frame format has less than 8 bits.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein generation of the ...

TECHNIQUE FOR INCREASING THROUGHPUT FOR CHANNEL BONDING

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for performing communications using a bonded channel across multiple channels. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to generate a first frame that requests a wireless node to adjust its receive antenna configuration; andan interface configured to output the first frame for transmission to the wireless node via at least one of a plurality of channels that form a bonded channel; whereinthe processing system is further configured to generate at least one request to send (RTS) frame, andthe interface is further configured to output the at least one RTS frame for transmission to the wireless node via the bonded channel.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first frame is output for transmission to the wireless node via a single channel of the plurality of channels.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one RTS frame comprises a separate RTS frame output for transmission on each of the plurality of channels.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first frame comprises a management frame.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the processing system is further configured to select a type of the first frame to signal the wireless node to adjust its receive antenna configuration; andgeneration of the first frame is based on the selected type.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first frame has at least one bit that signals the wireless node to adjust its receive antenna configuration.7. An apparatus for wireless communications claim 1 , comprising:an interface configured to obtain a first frame via at least one of a plurality of channels that form a bonded channel; anda processing system configured to place the apparatus in a first receiver mode after obtaining the first frame; whereinthe interface is also configured to obtain at least one request to send (RTS) frame via the bonded channel while the apparatus is in the first receiver ...

DATA TRANSFER USING NON-RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) AND RF SIGNALS

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatuses for wireless communications between devices. An example method generally includes obtaining, via a non-audible signal, identification information, and using the identification to establish a connection, via a radio access technology (RAT), with a second device for transferring data between the first device and the second device via the RAT. 1. A first device for wireless communications , comprising:a first interface configured to obtain, via a non-radio frequency signal, identification information;a second interface configured to communicate via a radio frequency signal; and use the identification information to establish a connection with a second device, via the second interface; and', 'transfer data between the first and second devices via the second interface., 'a processing system configured to2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second interface comprises a wireless local area network (WLAN) interface.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second interface operates at least at a 60 GHz frequency band.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a user interface allowing a user to provide acknowledgement prior to the transfer of data between the first and second devices.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein:the processing system is configured to use the identification information to retrieve additional information via the second interface, prior to allowing the user to provide acknowledgement.6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the additional information relates to payment information associated with the user.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first interface is further configured to obtain information about one or more capabilities of the second device.8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the non-radio frequency signal comprises a signal received at an ultrasonic frequency.9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the data comprises multimedia content.10. The apparatus ...

DYNAMIC SPATIAL REUSE IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for spatial reuse for neighboring nodes of distribution networks, so they may transmit without causing interference to nodes of the distribution network. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to generate at least one frame including information designed to enable one or more neighboring wireless nodes that are not part of a distribution network to communicate during one or more time slots assigned to the apparatus for simplex communications in the distribution network; andan interface configured to output the at least one frame for transmission during the one or more time slots.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the information comprises:an interference sensitivity factor (ISF) from which the neighboring wireless nodes are able to estimate a potential level of interference at the apparatus due to communication between the neighboring wireless nodes.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the information further comprises an interference threshold to enable the neighboring wireless nodes to determine whether their communication claim 2 , during the one or more time slots claim 2 , will potentially interfere with reception by the apparatus.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the information comprises a schedule of time slots assigned to the apparatus for reception of simplex communications in the distribution network via a receive antenna pattern corresponding to an antenna transmit pattern used for transmission of the at least one frame.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the schedule indicates a start times and lengths of the time slots assigned to the apparatus for reception of simplex communications in the distribution network.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one frame also comprises one or more training fields designed to allow the neighboring wireless nodes to estimate at least one of a direction or an antenna weight ...

WIDEBAND SECTOR SWEEP USING WIDEBAND TRAINING (TRN) FIELD

Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to beamforming training. For example, certain aspects of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus generally includes a processing system configured to generate a plurality of transmit sector sweep frames for transmission on a set of channels. In certain aspects, each of the transmit sector sweep frames comprise a preamble portion to be output for transmission on the set of channels, and a wideband training field to be output for transmission on a bandwidth spanning the set of channels. In certain aspects, the apparatus also includes an interface configured to output the transmit sector sweep frames for transmission on the set of channels using different transmit beamforming sectors. 110-. (canceled)11. An apparatus for wireless communication , comprising: a preamble portion obtained on the set of channels; and', 'a wideband training field obtained on a bandwidth spanning the set of channels;, 'a first interface configured to obtain a plurality of transmit sector sweep frames on a set of channels, each of the transmit sector sweep frames comprisinga processing system configured to select a transmit beamforming sector that was used to transmit one of the wideband training fields, based on received signal quality of the one of the training fields, and to generate a feedback frame indicating the transmit beamforming sector; anda second interface configured to output the feedback frame for transmission.12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the set of channels comprise a first channel and a second channel claim 11 , wherein the transmit sector sweep frames are obtained on the first channel and the second channel using channel bonding.13. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the set of channels comprise a first channel and a second channel claim 11 , wherein the first channel and the second channel are adjacent channels.14. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein:the ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SPATIAL REUSE

Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications and, more particularly, to methods and apparatus for reducing interference from neighboring wireless devices. An exemplary apparatus generally includes a processing system configured to determine an interference sensitivity factor (ISF) based at least in part on one or more interference-related parameters, and generate at least one frame to be output for transmission to a first wireless node via a first link, said at least one frame including the ISF. The apparatus also includes an interface configured to output the at least one frame for transmission to the first wireless node via the first link. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising: determine an interference sensitivity factor (ISF) based at least in part on one or more interference-related parameters, and', 'generate at least one frame to be output for transmission to a first wireless node via a first link, the at least one frame including the ISF; and, 'a processing system configured toan interface configured to output the at least one frame for transmission to the first wireless node via the first link.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ISF is related to a transmit power applied to an antenna and a receive and transmit antenna gain reciprocity.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the interference-related parameters comprise at least one of an interference level allowed at the apparatus or an interference level encountered at the apparatus.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the interference level allowed at the apparatus depends on at least one of a sensitivity of a receiver connectable to the apparatus or a link quality between the apparatus and the first wireless node.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one frame comprises at least one of a Request to Send (RTS) frame or a Clear to Send (CTS) frame claim 1 , wherein the at least one frame further comprises at least one of a header ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR RECEIVING DATA FRAMES

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus includes a processing system configured to generate a frame comprising a preamble, a first header, and a second header, wherein the preamble and the first header are configured to be decoded by a first device operating according to a first protocol, the second header not being configured to be decoded by the first device, and wherein the preamble, the first header, and the second header are configured to be decoded by a second device operating according to a second protocol; and an interface configured to output the frame for transmission. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:an interface configured to receive a frame comprising a preamble, a first header, and a second header, wherein the preamble and the first header are configured to be decoded by a first device operating according to a first protocol, the second header not being configured to be decoded by the first device, and wherein the preamble, the first header, and the second header are configured to be decoded by a second device operating according to a second protocol, wherein the first protocol includes a first set of available modulation coding schemes (MCS) and the second protocol includes a second set of available modulation coding schemes (MCS), the first set of MCS being different than the second set of MCS, wherein a first set of header data for the first header and a second set of header data for the second header is modulated and coded using at least one of the MCS in the first set, wherein the frame further comprises a first payload data appended to the second header, wherein the first payload data of the frame is modulated and coded using the at least one of the MCS in the first set, wherein the frame further comprises a second payload data, and wherein the second payload data of the frame is modulated and coded using one of the MCS in the second set of MCS; anda ...

DYNAMIC SPATIAL REUSE IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for spatial reuse for neighboring nodes of distribution networks, so they may transmit without causing interference to nodes of the distribution network.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GENERATING AND TRANSMITTING DATA FRAMES

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus includes a processing system configured to generate a frame comprising a preamble, a first header, and a second header, wherein the preamble and the first header are configured to be decoded by a first device operating according to a first protocol, the second header not being configured to be decoded by the first device, and wherein the preamble, the first header, and the second header are configured to be decoded by a second device operating according to a second protocol; and an interface configured to output the frame for transmission. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to generate a frame comprising a preamble, a first header, and a second header, wherein the preamble and the first header are configured to be decoded by a first device operating according to a first protocol, the second header not being configured to be decoded by the first device, and wherein the preamble, the first header, and the second header are configured to be decoded by a second device operating according to a second protocol; andan interface configured to output the frame for transmission.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first protocol includes a first set of available modulation coding schemes (MCS) and the second protocol includes a second set of available modulation coding schemes (MCS) claim 1 , the first set of MCS being different than the second set of MCS.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the processing system is further configured to modulate and code a first set of header data for the first header and a second set of header data for the second header of the frame using at least one of the MCS in the first set.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the frame comprises a first payload data appended to the second header claim 3 , wherein the processing system is further configured to modulate and code the first ...

MANAGING MULTI-DIRECTIONAL BACKOFF COUNTERS FOR QUALITY OF SERVICE

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for managing channel access using multiple backoff counters. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to maintain a number of one or more backoff counters, each backoff counter being used for flow control of one or more packets from a set of one or more queues, each queue being associated with an access class (AC), to adjust a probability of one or more of the ACs to access a wireless medium based on the number of backoff counters, and to perform flow control of the one or more packets from the set of queues after the adjustment; anda first interface for outputting the one or more packets for transmission on the wireless medium.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the processing system is configured to adjust the probability of one or more of the ACs to achieve a same relative probability between different ACs.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the one or more queues comprise at least first and second queues for at least first and second ACs and at least a third queue for the second AC; andthe one or more backoff counters comprise a first backoff counter associated with the first and second queues and a second backoff counter associated with the third queue.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein:a probability of the first AC accessing the wireless medium when using a single backoff counter is a first probability:a probability of the second AC accessing the wireless medium when using the single backoff counter is a second probability, lower than the first probability; andthe processing system is configured to adjust the probability of the first AC, when using at least two backoff counters, as a function of the second probability.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the backoff counters is associated with a different transmission direction.6. A method for wireless communications claim 1 , comprising:maintaining a number of one or more ...

DOUBLE ONE-DIMENSIONAL SECTOR SWEEP SCAN

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for enhancing a sector sweep. The apparatus generally includes a processing system configured to generate a first set of frames and a second set of frames. The apparatus also includes a first interface configured to output the first set of frames for transmission to a wireless node via a first set of beams, wherein each beam of the first set is wider in a first dimension than a second dimension, and output the second set of frames for transmission to the wireless node via a second set of beams, wherein each beam of the second set is wider in the second dimension than the first dimension.

FLOW CONTROL FOR WIRELESS DEVICES

Systems and methods are provided for flow control in a wireless communication system. In certain aspects, an apparatus for wireless communications comprises an interface configured to receive, from a wireless node, one or more parameters specifying a memory at the wireless node, and an indication of an amount of free memory space in the memory at the wireless node. The apparatus also comprises a processing system configured to determine a number of data units to be transmitted to the wireless node based on the indication of the amount of free memory space and the one or more parameters, wherein the interface is further configured to output data units for transmission to the wireless node, wherein a number of the data units output for transmission to the wireless node equals the determined number of data units. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:an interface configured to receive, from a wireless node, one or more parameters specifying a memory at the wireless node, and an indication of an amount of free memory space in the memory at the wireless node; anda processing system configured to determine a number of data units to be transmitted to the wireless node based on the indication of the amount of free memory space and the one or more parameters;wherein the interface is further configured to output data units for transmission to the wireless node, wherein a number of the data units output for transmission to the wireless node equals the determined number of data units.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more parameters include a parameter indicating a size of a memory unit claim 1 , and the indication of the amount of free memory space is given in terms of the memory unit.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the interface is further configured to receive a block acknowledgement frame comprising the indication of the amount of free memory space.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the indication of the amount of free memory space ...

CHANNEL BONDING SIGNALING TO IN-RANGE DEVICES

In certain aspects of the present disclosure, an apparatus for wireless communications comprises a processing system configured to generate a frame comprising first information indicating a plurality of channels to be used by the apparatus for a transmission and second information indicating a time duration of the transmission. The apparatus also comprises an interface configured to output the frame for wireless transmission on at least one of the plurality of channels. In certain aspects of the present disclosure, another apparatus receiving the frame may determine the plurality of channels based on the first information, compute a time duration based on the second information, and avoid transmitting on the plurality of channels for at least the computed time duration (e.g., to avoid collision). 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to generate a frame comprising first information indicating a plurality of channels to be used by the apparatus for a transmission and second information indicating a time duration of the transmission; andan interface configured to output the frame for wireless transmission on at least one of the plurality of channels.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first information comprises a first portion indicating a first one of the plurality of channels and a second portion indicating a number of the plurality of channels.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of channels are contiguous.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the frame includes a header claim 1 , and the first information is located in the header.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the processing system is configured to insert at least a portion of the first information in a reserved field of the header.6. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the processing system is configured to insert the second information in a length field of the header.7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the processing system is ...

Distributed pilots for single carrier transmission

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatuses for generating a frame for wireless transmission, wherein the frame comprises a payload including a plurality of blocks, each block comprising a data portion and a plurality of pilots distributed in the data portion. The distributed pilots may be used by a receiver receiving the frame to perform phase tracking during the data portions of the blocks to reduce phase noise.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING DATA PAYLOAD IN WB SC, AGGREGATE SC, DUPLICATE SC, OFDM TRANSMISSION FRAMES

An apparatus for wireless communications is disclosed. The apparatus includes a processing system configured to generate a frame having a preamble, a header, and a data payload, wherein the preamble, the header, and the data payload are decodable by a first device when operating according to a first protocol, wherein the preamble and the header are decodable by a second device when operating according to a second protocol, the data payload not being decodable by the second device when operating according to the second protocol; and an interface configured to output the frame for transmission. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a processing system configured to generate a frame comprising a preamble, a header, and a data payload, wherein the preamble, the header, and the data payload are decodable by a first device when operating according to a first protocol, wherein the preamble and the header are decodable by a second device when operating according to a second protocol, the data payload not being decodable by the second device when operating according to the second protocol; andan interface configured to output the frame for transmission.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processing system is configured to generate the frame for transmission via a single channel.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the data payload of the frame for transmission via the single channel comprises at least one data block claim 2 , wherein each of the at least one data block comprises a plurality of data symbols and a first guard interval comprising a sequence of symbols known to the first device.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein a number of sequence symbols in the first guard interval is different than a number of sequence symbols specified according to the second protocol.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the number of sequence symbols is 32 or 128.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processing system is configured to generate the data ...

Angle of departure for location determination

In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may include a processing system configured to generate a frame including a data field and a plurality of training subfields. The data field may include information indicating a different direction for transmitting each of the training subfields. The apparatus may include an interface configured to output the frame for transmission with the data field in a first direction and the training subfields in their respective directions.

LINK MARGIN PROCEDURE FOR ENHANCED DIRECTIONAL MULTIGIGABIT (EDMG)

Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications and, more particularly, systems and methods for a link margin procedure that accommodates reporting link parameters, such as link margin, for multiple streams. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:a first interface configured to obtain one or more data frames from a wireless node via at least first and second spatial streams;a processing system configured to measure a link margin for each of the first and second spatial streams based on the one or more data frames and generate a first frame including the measured link margin for each of the first and second spatial streams; anda second interface configured to output the first frame for transmission to the wireless node.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein: measure a signal to noise ratio (SNR) for each of the first and second spatial streams based on the one or more data frames and', 'select a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) to recommend for each of the first and second spatial streams; and, 'the processing system is further configured to'}the first frame also includes the measured SNR and MCS for each of the first and second spatial streams.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the processing system is further configured to estimate a post-equalizer signal to noise ratio (SNR) for each of the first and second spatial streams based on the one or more data frames; andthe first frame also includes the estimated post-equalizer SNR for each of the first and second spatial streams.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first frame also includes an indication of the number of spatial streams for which measured link margins are provided.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the first interface is further configured to obtain a control frame from the wireless node indicating a MIMO configuration; andthe processing system is further configured to determine how many spatial streams to measure link margin for based ...

LARGE MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL SERVICE DATA UNIT (MSDU) DELIVERY

Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to jumbo MSDU delivery. Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus includes at least one processing system configured to split a first media access control (MAC) service data unit (MSDU) into a first plurality of MAC protocol data units (MPDUs), each having a unique MPDU sequence number and a separate MSDU sequence number associated with the first MSDU, and a first interface configured to output the first plurality of MPDUs for transmission to a recipient. 1. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:at least one processing system configured to split a first media access control (MAC) service data unit (MSDU) into a first plurality of MAC protocol data units (MPDUs), each having a unique MPDU sequence number and a separate MSDU sequence number associated with the first MSDU; anda first interface configured to output the first plurality of MPDUs for transmission to a recipient.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each MPDU has a control field comprising:an indication of the unique MPDU sequence number;an indication of the MSDU sequence number associated with the first MSDU; andan indication of whether the MPDU is a starting or ending MPDU of the first MSDU.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the at least one processing system is further configured to generate at least one frame with a set of parameters for processing at least the first MSDU, said set of parameters being associated with at least an MPDU starting sequence number (SSN) and an MSDU SSN for a transmission window in which the first plurality of MPDUs are output for transmission; andthe first interface is further configured to output the at least one frame for transmission to the recipient.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the set of parameters also comprises:an indication of how many bits are used for MPDU sequence numbers; andan indication of how many bits are used for MSDU ...

MULTI-STATIC WIRELESS SENSING

This disclosure provides methods, apparatuses, wireless nodes and computer-readable mediums for wireless communications. In one aspect, wireless, or WiFi, sensing involves a device transmitting WiFi signals, while another device, or devices, use reflections of those signals to map and measure the environment. WiFi sensing may be used to obtain rough dimensions of a room, identify stationary objects in a room, or detect objects (such as people) moving into, out of, or within a room. Multi-static WiFi sensing can occur when two devices are simultaneously transmitting and receiving WiFi signals. 160.-. (canceled)61. An apparatus for wireless communications , comprising:an interface configured to output, for transmission to at least one wireless node, at least one first frame with parameters for performing wireless sensing based on at least one reflection of at least one second frame off at least one object; anda processing system configured to participate in the wireless sensing with the at least one wireless node in accordance with the parameters.62. The apparatus of claim 61 , wherein the participation in the wireless sensing comprises outputting the at least one second frame for transmission.63. The apparatus of claim 61 , wherein the participation in the wireless sensing comprises monitoring for reflections of the at least one second frame.64. The apparatus of claim 61 , wherein:the interface is further configured to obtain, from the at least one wireless node, data from the wireless sensing performed in accordance with the parameters; andthe processing system is further configured to process the data to generate a sensing result, wherein the processing is based on known or estimated one or more locations of the at least one wireless node.65. The apparatus of claim 64 , wherein:the sensing result indicates a position or presence of the at least one object; orthe sensing result represents a map of an environment in which the wireless sensing is performed.66. The ...

Coexistence between interfering communication systems

A method for preventing interference between electromagnetic (EM) signals, consisting of toggling a first transceiver, adapted to transmit in a first EM frequency band, and a second transceiver, adapted to transmit in a second EM frequency band, different from the first EM frequency band, between an on-period when the first transceiver is able to transmit and the second transceiver is prevented from transmitting, and an off-period when the first transceiver is prevented from transmitting and the second transceiver is able to transmit. The method further includes inhibiting a third transceiver, adapted to transmit in the first EM band, from transmitting during the off-period, and inhibiting a fourth transceiver, adapted to transmit in the second EM band, from transmitting during the on-period.

Coexistence between interfering communication systems

A method for preventing interference between electromagnetic (EM) signals, consisting of toggling a first transceiver, adapted to transmit in a first EM frequency band, and a second transceiver, adapted to transmit in a second EM frequency band, different from the first EM frequency band, between an on-period when the first transceiver is able to transmit and the second transceiver is prevented from transmitting, and an off-period when the first transceiver is prevented from transmitting and the second transceiver is able to transmit. The method further includes inhibiting a third transceiver, adapted to transmit in the first EM band, from transmitting during the off-period, and inhibiting a fourth transceiver, adapted to transmit in the second EM band, from transmitting during the on-period.

Minimising interference by time division multiplexing of ieee 802.11 and cdma transmissions

A method for preventing interference between electromagnetic (EM) signals, consisting of toggling a first transceiver, adapted to transmit in a first EM frequency band, and a second transceiver, adapted to transmit in a second EM frequency band, different from the first EM frequency band, between an on-period when the first transceiver is able to transmit and the second transceiver is prevented from transmitting, and an off-period when the first transceiver is prevented from transmitting and the second transceiver is able to transmit. The method further includes inhibiting a third transceiver, adapted to transmit in the first EM band, from transmitting during the off-period, and inhibiting a fourth transceiver, adapted to transmit in the second EM band, from transmitting during the on-period.

Minimising interference by time division multiplexing of ieee 802.11 and cdma transmissions

Minimising interference by time division multiplexing of ieee 802.11 and cdma transmissions

SENSING COORDINATION IN A WIRELESS NETWORK

In some implementations, an initiator device establishes a measurement session with each of a plurality of responder devices based at least in part on their capabilities. The initiator device negotiates, with each of the responder devices, a respective set of one or more sensing parameters based at least in part on the capabilities of the initiator device and the capabilities of the respective responder device, the respective sets of sensing parameters associated with the responder devices being identified by a unique Measurement Setup identifier (ID). The initiator device performs one or more measurement instances with the responder devices based on the respective sets of sensing parameters, each measurement instance identified by a unique Measurement Instance ID and the respective Measurement Setup ID. The initiator device obtains, from each responder device, one or more measurement reports indicating channel state information (CSI) based on the one or more respective measurement instances.

Apparatus and method for generating and transmitting data frames

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus includes a processing system configured to generate a frame comprising a preamble, a first header, and a second header, wherein the preamble and the first header are configured to be decoded by a first device operating according to a first protocol, the second header not being configured to be decoded by the first device, and wherein the preamble, the first header, and the second header are configured to be decoded by a second device operating according to a second protocol; and an interface configured to output the frame for transmission

Channel bonding signaling to in-range devices

In certain aspects of the present disclosure, an apparatus for wireless communications comprises a processing system configured to generate a frame comprising first information indicating a plurality of channels to be used by the apparatus for a transmission and second information indicating a time duration of the transmission. The apparatus also comprises an interface configured to output the frame for wireless transmission on at least one of the plurality of channels. In certain aspects of the present disclosure, another apparatus receiving the frame may determine the plurality of channels based on the first information, compute a time duration based on the second information, and avoid transmitting on the plurality of channels for at least the computed time duration (e.g., to avoid collision).

Apparatus and method for generating and transmitting data frames

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus includes a processing system configured to generate a frame comprising a preamble, a first header, and a second header, wherein the preamble and the first header are configured to be decoded by a first device operating according to a first protocol, the second header not being configured to be decoded by the first device, and wherein the preamble, the first header, and the second header are configured to be decoded by a second device operating according to a second protocol; and an interface configured to output the frame for transmission

Frame format for facilitating channel estimation for signals transmitted via bonded channels

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus includes a processing system configured to generate a frame comprising a first channel estimation sequence for transmission via a first channel, a second channel estimation sequence for transmission via a second channel, and at least a first portion of a data payload for transmission via a third channel, wherein the first channel includes a first frequency band, wherein the second channel includes a second frequency band different from the first frequency band, and wherein the third channel includes a third frequency band that overlaps in frequency with the first and second frequency bands; and an interface configured to output the frame for transmission.

Managing multi-directional backoff counters for quality of service

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for managing channel access using multiple backoff counters.

Apparatus and method for generating and transmitting data frames

<p>APARATO PARA COMUNICACIONES INALÁMBRICAS QUE COMPRENDE UN SISTEMA DE PROCESAMIENTO CONFIGURADO PARA GENERA UNA TRAMA QUE COMPRENDE UN PREÁMBULO, UNA PRIMERA CABECERA Y UNA SEGUNDA CABECERA TALES QUE EL PREÁMBULO Y LA PRIMERA CABECERA ESTÁN CONFIGURADOS PARA SER DECODIFICADOS POR UN PRIMER DISPOSITIVO QUE OPERA DE ACUERDO CON UN PRIMER PROTOCOLO Y EL PREÁMBULO,  LA PRIMERA CABECERA Y LA SEGUNDA CABECERA ESTÁN CONFIGURADAS PARA SER DECODIFICADAS POR UN SEGUNDO DISPOSITIVO QUE OPERA DE ACUERDO CON UN SEGUNDO PROTOCOLO, Y UNA INTERFAZ CONFIGURADA PARA EMITIR LA TRAMA DE TRANSMISIÓN; MÉTODO DE COMUNICACIONES INALÁMBRICAS; APARATO PARA COMUNICACIONES INALÁMBRICAS; MEDIO LEGIBLE POR COMPUTADORA; NODO INALÁMBRICO.</p>

Preamble for non-linearity estimation

Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatus for wireless communication. More particularly, aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to techniques for wireless communications by an apparatus comprising a processing system configured to a processing system configured to generate a frame having at least a first header that is phase modulated and to modulate an amplitude of the first header prior to the first header being amplified by a power amplifier, and a first interface configured to output the frame for transmission.

Fast training on multi-antenna systems

Apparatus and method for generating and transmitting data frames

RESUMEN Ciertos aspectos de la presente descripción proporcionan un aparato para comunicaciones inalámbricas. El aparato incluye un sistema de procesamiento configurado para generar una trama que comprende un preámbulo, una primera cabecera, y una segunda cabecera, donde el preámbulo y la primera cabecera están configurados para ser decodificados por un primer dispositivo que funciona de acuerdo con un primer protocolo, la segunda cabecera no está configurada para ser decodificada por el primer dispositivo, y donde el preámbulo, la primera cabecera, y la segunda cabecera están configurados para ser decodificados por un segundo dispositivo que funciona de acuerdo con un segundo protocolo; y una interfaz configurada para dar salida a la trama para la transmisión. SUMMARY Certain aspects of the present description provide an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus includes a processing system configured to generate a frame comprising a preamble, a first header, and a second header, where the preamble and the first header are configured to be decoded by a first device that operates in accordance with a first protocol. , the second header is not configured to be decoded by the first device, and where the preamble, the first header, and the second header are configured to be decoded by a second device operating according to a second protocol; and an interface configured to output the frame for transmission.

Channel bonding signaling to in-range devices

In certain aspects of the present disclosure, an apparatus for wireless communications comprises a processing system configured to generate a frame comprising first information indicating a plurality of channels to be used by the apparatus for a transmission and second information indicating a time duration of the transmission. The apparatus also comprises an interface configured to output the frame for wireless transmission on at least one of the plurality of channels. In certain aspects of the present disclosure, another apparatus receiving the frame may determine the plurality of channels based on the first information, compute a time duration based on the second information, and avoid transmitting on the plurality of channels for at least the computed time duration (e.g., to avoid collision).

Apparatus and method for generating and transmitting data frame

【課題】ワイヤレス通信のための装置を提供する。【解決手段】ワイヤレス通信ネットワークにおいて、装置２００は、プリアンブルと、第１のヘッダと、第２のヘッダとを備えるフレームを生成するように構成された処理システムと、ここにおいて、プリアンブル及び第１のヘッダが、第１のプロトコルに従って動作する第１のデバイスによって復号されるように構成され、第２のヘッダが、第１のデバイスによって復号されるように構成されず、ここにおいて、プリアンブル、第１のヘッダ及び第２のヘッダが、第２のプロトコルに従って動作する第２のデバイスによって復号されるように構成される、送信のためにフレームを出力するように構成されたインタフェースとを含む。【選択図】図２Ａ

Method and apparatus for atsc signal processing

Embodiment methods and apparatus enable ATSC receiver devices to receive and process ATSC-M/H training sequences in order to improve the reception and decoding of an ATSC service. A processor within the ATSC receiver device may be configured to receive training sequences 1 and 2 of the ATSC-M/H signal. In an embodiment, the ATSC-M/H training sequence 2 may be received by correlating symbols of the two halves of the training sequence 2. If the result of correlating the symbols is greater than or equal to a threshold, the ATSC-M/H training sequence 2 may be received by the ATSC receiver and a counter for the training sequence 1 may start. The ATSC receiver may correlate two consecutive training sequences 1 to perform fine residual frequency error estimation.

System and method for transmitting data payload in wb sc, aggregate sc, duplicate sc, ofdm transmission frames

An apparatus for wireless communications is disclosed. The apparatus includes a processing system configured to generate a frame having a preamble, a header, and a data payload, wherein the preamble, the header, and the data payload are decodable by a first device when operating according to a first protocol, wherein the preamble and the header are decodable by a second device when operating according to a second protocol, the data payload not being decodable by the second device when operating according to the second protocol; and an interface configured to output the frame for transmission.

Apparatus and method for generating and transmitting data frames

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus includes a processing system configured to generate a frame comprising a preamble, a first header, and a second header, wherein the preamble and the first header are configured to be decoded by a first device operating according to a first protocol, the second header not being configured to be decoded by the first device, and wherein the preamble, the first header, and the second header are configured to be decoded by a second device operating according to a second protocol; and an interface configured to output the frame for transmission

Preamble for non-linearity estimation

Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatus for wireless communication. More particularly, aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to techniques for wireless communications by an apparatus comprising a processing system configured to a processing system configured to generate a frame having at least a first header that is phase modulated and to modulate an amplitude of the first header prior to the first header being amplified by a power amplifier, and a first interface configured to output the frame for transmission.