LUBRICANTS WITH TITANIUM AND/OR TUNGSTEN AND THEIR USE FOR IMPROVING LOW SPEED PRE-IGNITION

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition includes a major amount of a base oil, one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents having a total base number of greater than 225 mg KOH/gram, to provide greater than 900 ppm by weight to less than 2400 ppm by weight of calcium to the lubricating oil composition, and a low speed pre-ignition reducing amount of one or more titanium-containing compounds to provide from 10 ppm to 3000 ppm titanium and/or one or more tungsten-containing compounds to provide from 125 ppm to 3000 ppm tungsten, all based on the total weight of the lubricating composition. The low speed pre-ignition events in the boosted internal combustion engine may be reduced relative to a number of low speed pre-ignition events in the same engine lubricated with the same lubricating oil without the titanium- and/or tungsten-containing additive. 1. A lubricating oil composition comprising: an amount of one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents having a total base number of greater than 225 mg KOH/g, measured by the method of ASTM D-2896 sufficient to provide greater than 900 ppm by weight to less than 2400 ppm by weight of calcium to the lubricating oil composition, based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition, and', 'a low speed pre-ignition reducing additive composition comprising an amount of one or more titanium-containing compounds sufficient to provide from 10 ppm to 3000 ppm by weight of titanium to the lubricating oil composition and/or an amount of one or more tungsten-containing compounds sufficient to provide from 125 to 3000 ppm of tungsten to the lubricating oil composition, both based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, and', 'wherein said additive composition is effective to reduce low speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion engine lubricated with the lubricating oil composition relative to a ...

LUBRICANTS FOR USE IN BOOSTED ENGINES

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition is formulated to be resistant to turbocharger deposit formation in the boosted internal combustion engine, as shown by its ability to ensure a TCO Temperature Increase of less than 9.0% as measured using the 2015 version of the General Motors dexos1® Turbocharger Coking Test. The lubricating oil composition may also have a low NOACK volatility, as measured by the method of ASTM D-5800 at 250° C. 1. A lubricating oil composition comprising:greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil of lubricating viscosity and one or more metal-containing detergent(s);wherein a ratio of total metal from the one or more metal-containing detergent(s) in ppm in the lubricating oil composition to the total nitrogen in ppm in the lubricating oil composition is less than 1.9;a ratio of total metal from the one or more metal-containing detergent(s) in ppm in the lubricating oil composition to the total boron in ppm in the lubricating oil composition is less than 7.5; anda ratio of total metal from the one or more metal-containing detergent(s) in ppm in the lubricating oil composition to the total molybdenum in ppm in the lubricating oil composition is less than 23.8;the lubricating oil composition has a NOACK volatility as measured by the method of ASTM D-5800 at 250° C. of less than 11.0 wt. %, and the lubricating oil composition is effective to ensure a TCO Temperature Increase of less than 9.0% as measured using the 2015 version of the General Motors dexos1® Turbocharger Coking Test.2. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of total metal from the one or more metal-containing detergent(s) in ppm in the lubricating oil composition to the total nitrogen in ppm in the lubricating oil composition is less than 1.8.3. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of total metal from the one or more metal-containing ...

Lubricants with Molybdenum and Their Use for Improving Low Speed Pre-Ignition

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition has not more than 150 ppm sodium and includes a major amount of a base oil and an additive composition that includes one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents having a total base number of greater than 225 mg KOH/gram, in an amount sufficient to provide greater than 1100 ppm by weight to less than 2400 ppm by weight of calcium to the lubricating oil composition, and one or more molybdenum-containing compounds in an amount sufficient to provide at least about 80 ppm by weight molybdenum to the lubricating oil composition, all based on the total weight of the lubricating composition. The oil and method may reduce low-speed pre-ignition events in the boosted internal combustion engine relative to a number of low-speed pre-ignition events in the same engine lubricated with a reference lubricating oil. 1. A lubricating oil composition comprising: one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents having a total base number of greater than 225 mg KOH/gram, in an amount sufficient to provide greater than 1100 ppm by weight to less than 2400 ppm by weight of calcium to the lubricating oil composition, based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition, and', 'one or more molybdenum-containing compounds in an amount sufficient to provide at least about 80 ppm by weight molybdenum to the lubricating oil composition based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, and wherein the lubricating oil composition contains not more than 150 ppm of sodium, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition., 'greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil of lubricating viscosity,'}2. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents comprise a compound selected from an overbased calcium sulfonate detergent claim 1 , an overbased calcium phenate detergent claim 1 , and an ...

LUBRICANTS WITH ZINC DIALKYL DITHIOPHOSPHATE AND THEIR USE IN BOOSTED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

A lubricating oil composition and method of for providing an acceptable number of low-speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion engine using the lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition includes greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil of lubricating viscosity, and an additive composition that includes an overbased calcium-containing detergent having a TBN greater than 225 mg KOH/g, and one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds are derived from a molar ratio of secondary alcohol to primary alcohol of 20:100 to about 100:0 and have an average total carbon content of greater than 10 carbon atoms per mole of phosphorous. The lubricating oil compositions contains the overbased calcium-containing detergent in an amount to provide greater than 900 ppm to less than 2400 ppm by weight calcium, and at least 0.01 wt. % of the zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, both amounts based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. 1. A lubricating oil composition comprising:greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil of lubricating viscosity; and one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents having a total base number of greater than 225 mg KOH/g, measured by the method of ASTM D-2896, and', 'one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds, wherein the one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds are derived from a molar ratio of secondary alcohol to primary alcohol of from about 20:100 to about 100:0, and have an average total carbon content of greater than 10 carbon atoms per mole of phosphorus, and, 'an additive composition comprisingthe lubricating oil composition includes an amount of the overbased calcium-containing detergent that provides greater than 900 ppm by weight to less than 2400 ppm by weight of calcium to the lubricating oil composition, and at least 0.01 wt. % of the zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, both amounts being based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition.2. The lubricating oil composition of ...

Lubricants With Calcium-Containing Detergent and Their Use for Improving Low Speed Pre-Ignition

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition includes greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil, an overbased detergent having a TBN greater than 225 mg KOH/g and a low-based/neutral detergent having a TBN up to 175 mg KOH/g. A total amount of calcium from the overbased and low-based/neutral detergent is greater than 1100 ppm to less than 2400 ppm by weight based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition and method may be effective to reduce low-speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion engine lubricated with the lubricating oil composition relative to commercially available lubricating oil compositions. 1. A lubricating oil composition comprising: at least 0.3 wt. % of an overbased detergent having a total base number of greater than 225 mg KOH/g, measured by the method of ASTM D-2896, and', 'at least 0.2 wt. % of a low-based/neutral detergent having a total base number of up to 175 mg KOH/g, measured by the method of ASTM D-2896, wherein a total amount of calcium from the overbased and low-based/neutral detergent ranges from greater than 1100 ppm by weight to less than 2400 ppm by weight based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition., 'greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil of lubricating viscosity;'}2. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , wherein the overbased detergent comprises an overbased calcium-containing detergent.3. The lubricating oil composition of claim 2 , wherein the overbased calcium-containing detergent comprises a compound selected from an overbased calcium sulfonate detergent claim 2 , and an overbased calcium phenate detergent.4. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , wherein the reduction of LSPI events is a 75% or greater reduction and the LSPI events are LSPI counts during 25 claim 1 ,000 engine cycles claim 1 , wherein the engine is operated at 2000 revolutions per minute with brake ...

Lubricants with Magnesium and Their Use for Improving Low Speed Pre-Ignition

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition includes greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil, one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents having a TBN greater than 225 mg KOH/g and one or more magnesium-containing detergents. A total amount of calcium from the one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents is from 900 ppm to less than 2400 ppm by weight, and a total amount of magnesium from the one or more magnesium-containing detergents is from 50 ppm to 500 ppm by weight, both based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition and the method of using it are effective to reduce low speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion engine lubricated with the lubricating oil composition. 1. A lubricating oil composition comprising: one or more calcium-containing overbased detergents having a total base number of greater than 225 mg KOH/g, measured by the method of ASTM D-2896, and', 'one or more magnesium-containing detergents, and, 'greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil of lubricating viscosity;'}wherein the lubricating oil composition includes an amount of the overbased calcium-containing detergent that provides 900 ppm by weight to less than 2400 ppm by weight of calcium to the lubricating oil composition, and an amount of the magnesium-containing detergent that provides 50 ppm by weight to 1000 ppm by weight of magnesium to the lubricating oil composition, both amounts being based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition; andthe lubricating oil composition passes the TEOST-33 test.2. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents comprise a compound selected from an overbased calcium sulfonate detergent claim 1 , an overbased calcium phenate detergent claim 1 , an overbased calcium salicylate ...

Thermochromic Coatings With Resin Vehicle

Thermochromic coatings are improved by mixing thermochromic capsules with polymer resins in a manner that imparts shelf stability to flowable precursors that may be cured to form relatively hard coatings that are capable of withstanding machine operations, such as the operations needed to make beverage can lids, bottle caps, pull tabs and the like. 1. A reversible thermochromic coating for use in can and coil coatings , said reversible thermochromic coating comprising ,a reversible thermochromic pigment in an amount from 1% to 50% by weight of the coating, anda vehicle forming the balance of the coating,the vehicle including a resin selected from the group consisting of epoxy, polyester, urethane, acrylic acid and acrylate resins, and combinations thereof.2. The coating of wherein the vehicle further comprises a wetting agent to facilitate dispersion of the pigment in the vehicle.3. The coating of wherein the vehicle further comprises a curing agent/accelerator to speed curing of the resin.4. The coating of wherein the vehicle further comprises a wax to improve surface properties of the coating when cured.5. The coating of wherein the vehicle further comprises a solvent affecting rheological properties of the coating.6. The coating of wherein the solvent is a polar solvent.7. The coating of wherein the coating is premixed and exhibits reversible thermochromic behavior for at least 14 days when stored at a temperature of about 20° C.8. The coating of wherein the coating is premixed as a two part system and exhibits reversible thermochromic behavior for at least 45 days when stored at a temperature of about 20° C.9. The coating of claim 1 , wherein said thermochromic pigment contains microcapsules formed with an acid catalyst effective to enhance the inherent stability in polar claim 1 , low molecular weight solvents having a molecular weight of about less than 100 g/mol.10. The coating of claim 1 , wherein said thermochromic microcapsule achieves color change between ...

Photochromic Inks

Metal deco ink formulations are improved by the use of fluorescent dyes, UV-absorbing dyes and/or IR-absorbing dyes. These may be premixed with a phenol-formaldehyde resin without microencapsulation to protect the dye from other ink ingredients that have chemistries which are incompatible with that of the dye, in order to obtain photochromic ink formulation with a good shelf life. 1. In a metal decorative ink formulation that contains a pigment , the improvement comprising:substituting all or a portion of the pigment with a material selected from the group consisting of fluorescent dyes, UV-adsorbing dyes, IR-absorbing dyes, and combinations thereof,wherein the pigment is prepared by premixing the pigment with a phenol-formaldehyde resin, then adding a polyester resin.2. The ink formulation of further comprising a crosslinker.3. A method of printing on metal that comprises applying the ink formulation of to metal.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the metal is coiled aluminum metal stock destined for use in making a beverage can. This application claims benefit of priority to Provisional Patent Application No. 61/552,288 filed Oct. 27, 2011, and Provisional Patent Application No. 61/694,157 filed Aug. 28, 2012.Photochromic and thermochromic ink formulations are known in the patent literature, primarily for screen printing applications but also for security inks. By way of example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,255 issued to Small et al. describes thermochromic ink formulations and their methods of use. U.S. Pat. No. 5,017,225, issued to Nakanishi et al. describes microencapsulated photochromic material, together with a process for its preparation in a water-base ink composition. U.S. Pat. No. 4,927,180, issued to Trundle et al describes marking of articles with photochromic compounds. U.S. Pat. No. 5,630,869 issued to Amon et al describes reversibly photochromic printing inks. U.S. Pat. No. 7,351,362 issued to Yasuda et al. describes various photochromic materials. ...

ADDITIVES AND LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITIONS FOR IMPROVING LOW SPEED PRE-IGNITION

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a spark ignition combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition includes a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity and an additive composition that includes an over-based detergent and a low-based/neutral detergent, wherein a total amount of calcium from the over-based and low-based/neutral detergent ranges from greater than 1100 ppm by weight to less than 2400 ppm by weight based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition is effective to reduce low-speed pre-ignition events in a turbocharged gasoline engine lubricated with the lubricating oil composition. 2. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , wherein the over-based detergent comprises an overbased calcium-containing detergent having a total base number (TBN) of about 200 mg KOH/gram or greater.3. The lubricating oil composition of claim 2 , wherein the over-based calcium-containing detergent comprises a member of the group selected from: an overbased calcium sulfonate detergent claim 2 , an overbased calcium phenate detergent claim 2 , and an overbased calcium salicylate detergent.4. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , wherein the reduction of low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) events is expressed as a ratio of LSPI events of a test oil relative to LSPI events of a reference oil claim 1 , wherein the reference oil comprises an overbased calcium detergent as the sole detergent that provides about 2400 ppm calcium to the lubricating oil composition.5. The lubricating oil composition of claim 4 , wherein the reduction of LSPI events comprises a 75% or greater improvement in the ratio.6. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , wherein LSPI events are normalized LSPI counts during 25 claim 1 ,000 engine cycles claim 1 , wherein the engine is operated at 2000 revolutions per minute (RPM) with brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of 18 bar.7. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , ...

Photochromic Inks

Metal deco ink formulations are improved by the use of fluorescent dyes, UV-absorbing dyes and/or IR-absorbing dyes. These may be premixed with a phenol-formaldehyde resin without microencapsulation to protect the dye from other ink ingredients that have chemistries which are incompatible with that of the dye, in order to obtain photochromic ink formulation with a good shelf life. 124-. (canceled)25. A photochromic ink formulation comprising:a photochromic dye which changes from colorless to colored upon exposure to light; anda vehicle;wherein said photochromic ink formulation is formulated for application to metal; andwherein said application to said metal comprises printing.26. The photochromic ink formulation of claim 25 , wherein said photochromic ink formulation comprises metal decorating ink and wherein said printing comprises metal decorating printing.27. The photochromic ink formulation of claim 25 , wherein said printing comprises offset printing.2831-. (canceled)32. The photochromic ink formulation of claim 25 , wherein said photochromic ink formulation comprises screen printing ink and said printing comprises screen printing.3335-. (canceled)36. The photochromic ink formulation of claim 25 , wherein said printing comprises flexographic printing.3739-. (canceled)40. The photochromic ink formulation of claim 25 , wherein said printing comprises rotogravure printing.4143-. (canceled)44. The photochromic ink formulation of claim 25 , wherein said photochromic ink formulation comprises a coating selected from the group consisting of: a solvent-based coating claim 25 , a water-based coating claim 25 , and a UV-curable coating.45. The photochromic ink formulation of claim 25 , wherein said photochromic dye is encapsulated within a microcapsule.46. A method of applying a photochromic ink formulation to metal claim 25 , said method comprising:printing said photochromic ink formulation on said metal; a photochromic dye which changes from colorless to colored upon ...

Lubricants With Calcium-Containing Detergents and Their Use for Improving Low-Speed Pre-Ignition

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition includes greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil, one or more overbased calcium sulfonate detergent(s) and one or more overbased calcium phenate detergent(s). The calcium, boron, nitrogen, and amount of soap are maintained within certain ratios, and the total base number contribution from all detergents to the lubricating oil composition is less than 4.2 mg KOH/g of the lubricating oil composition, as measured by the method of ASTM D-2896. The lubricating oil composition and method may be effective to reduce low-speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion engine lubricated with the lubricating oil composition relative to capable lubricating oil compositions. 1. A lubricating oil composition comprising:greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil of lubricating viscosity, based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition;one or more overbased calcium sulfonate detergent(s) having a total base number of greater than 225 mg KOH/g, measured by the method of ASTM D-2896, andone or more overbased calcium phenate detergent(s) having a total base number of greater than 170 mg KOH/g, measured by the method of ASTM D-2896,wherein a ratio of the ppm of calcium in the lubricating oil composition from the one or more overbased calcium sulfonate detergent(s) to the ppm of calcium in the lubricating oil composition from the one or more overbased calcium phenate detergent(s) is greater than 1.20 to less than about 1.51,a ratio of total ppm of nitrogen in the lubricating oil composition to total wt. % of soap from the detergents in the lubricating oil composition is greater than about 2080, anda total base number contribution from all detergents is less than 4.2 mg KOH/g of the lubricating oil composition, as measured by the method of ASTM D-2896.2. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of total ppm of calcium in the ...

LUBRICANTS WITH CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM-CONTAINING DETERGENTS AND THEIR USE FOR IMPROVING LOW-SPEED PRE-IGNITION AND FOR CORROSION RESISTANCE

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine with reduced low-speed pre-ignition events and corrosion resistance. The oil composition includes a base oil, one or more overbased calcium sulfonate detergents, one or more overbased calcium phenate detergents, and one or more overbased magnesium-containing detergents. A ratio of ppm of calcium to TBN of the oil composition is less than 170; a ratio of ppm of magnesium to total soap content in wt. % is greater than 700; and there are limited amounts of boron and molybdenum, and all weight percentages and ppm values being based on the total weight of the oil composition. The compositions give low LSPI ratios and pass the Ball Rust test. 1. A lubricating oil composition comprising:greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil of lubricating viscosity, based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition;one or more overbased calcium sulfonate detergents having a total base number of greater than 225 mg KOH/g, measured by the method of ASTM D-2896;one or more overbased calcium phenate detergents having a total base number of greater than 170 mg KOH/g, measured by the method of ASTM D-2896; andone or more overbased magnesium-containing detergents; and;wherein a ratio of the amount of calcium in ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition to a total base number of the lubricating oil composition measured by the method of ASTM D-2896, is less than 170;a ratio of magnesium in ppm by weight, based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition, to total soap content in wt. %, based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition, is greater than 700;an amount of boron in the lubricating oil composition is less than 300 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition; andan amount of molybdenum in the lubricating oil composition is less than 330 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil ...

Lubricants With Overbased Calcium and Overbased Magnesium Detergents and Method for Improving Low-Speed Pre-Ignition

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil includes greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil, one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents, one or more overbased magnesium-containing detergents and one or more molybdenum compounds and leads to a more than 60% reduction in LSPI compared to the LSPI of a reference oil and passes the Ball Rust Test. The ratio of wt % calcium from the overbased detergents to wt. % of magnesium from the overbased detergents is less than 11.9. A ratio of total ppm of magnesium to total TBN of the lubricating oil in mg KOH/g is greater than 19. A ratio of the total ppm of calcium to the total TBN of the lubricating oil is less than 222. The oil and method may reduce low-speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion relative to commercially available lubricating oils. 1. A lubricating oil composition comprising:greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil of lubricating viscosity, based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition;a sufficient amount of one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents having a total base number of greater than 225 mg KOH/g, measured by the method of ASTM D-2896, to provide greater than 1000 ppm calcium to the lubricating oil composition;one or more overbased magnesium-containing detergents having a total base number of greater than 225 mg KOH/g, measured by the method of ASTM D-2896, wherein the total amount of magnesium provided by the one or more overbased magnesium-containing detergents to the lubricating oil composition 50-1500 ppm; andone or more molybdenum compounds providing a total amount of molybdenum to the lubricating composition of 25-1000 ppm;wherein a ratio of the wt. % of calcium in the lubricating oil composition from the one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents to the wt. % of magnesium in the lubricating oil composition from the one or more overbased magnesium-containing detergents is less than ...

Lubricants for Use in Boosted Engines

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition includes greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil of lubricating viscosity, calcium, nitrogen, molybdenum and boron. The weight ratio of Ca:N (ppm/ppm) in the lubricating oil composition is greater than 1.3 to less than 3.0, the weight ratio of Ca:Mo (ppm/ppm) in the lubricating oil composition is greater than 6.7 to less than 56.3, and the weight ratio of Ca:B (ppm/ppm) in the lubricating oil composition is greater than 5.0 to less than 9.8. The lubricating oil composition does not contain added magnesium from a magnesium-containing detergent. The lubricating oil composition is resistant to deposit formation in the boosted internal combustion engine, as shown by its ability to ensure a TCO Temperature Increase of less than 9.0% as measured using the 2015 version of the General Motors dexos1® Turbocharger Coking Test. 1. A lubricating oil composition comprising:greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil of lubricating viscosity, andcalcium, nitrogen, molybdenum and boron, whereina weight ratio of Ca:N in the lubricating oil composition is greater than 1.3 to less than 3.0, a weight ratio of Ca:Mo in the lubricating oil composition is greater than 6.7 to less than 56.3, a weight ratio of Ca:B in the lubricating oil composition is greater than 5.0 to less than 9.8, andthe lubricating oil composition does not contain added magnesium from a magnesium-containing detergent, andwherein the lubricating oil composition is effective to ensure a TCO Temperature Increase of less than 9.0% as measured using the 2015 version of the General Motors dexos1® Turbocharger Coking Test.2. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , wherein the lubricating oil composition comprises at least one detergent selected from one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents having a total base number of greater than 225 mg KOH/g claim 1 , measured by the method of ASTM D-2896 claim ...

Lubricant Compositions For Reducing Timing Chain Stretch

A method for reducing timing chain stretch in an engine comprising a step of lubricating said timing chain with a lubricating oil composition that includes a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive package including (a) at least one overbased calcium detergent, (b) at least one borated dispersant, (c) a metal dialkyl dithiophosphate, and (d) at least one molybdenum compound. The lubricating oil composition has a TBN value of at least 7.5 mg KOH/g of the lubricating oil composition, at least 80 ppm of molybdenum, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, a weight ratio of total calcium in the lubricating oil composition to total molybdenum in the lubricating oil composition of less than 8.4; and a weight ratio of nitrogen from the dispersant in the lubricating composition to total boron in the lubricating oil composition of from 2.6 to 3.0. 1. A method for reducing timing chain stretch in an engine comprising a step of lubricating said timing chain with a lubricating oil composition comprising:a major amount of a base oil; and a) at least one overbased calcium detergent,', 'b) at least one borated dispersant,', 'c) a metal dialkyl dithiophosphate, and;', 'd) at least one oil soluble molybdenum compound;, 'a minor amount of an additive package includingwherein the lubricating oil composition has a TBN value of at least 7.5 mg KOH/gram lubricating oil composition, determined using the method of ASTM-2896, at least 80 ppm of molybdenum based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition, a weight ratio of total calcium in the lubricating oil composition to total molybdenum in the lubricating oil composition of less than 8.4; and a weight ratio of nitrogen from the dispersant in the lubricating composition to total boron in the lubricating oil composition of from 2.6 to 3.0.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base oil has an SAE Viscosity grade of 5W and the lubricating oil composition has a ratio of total ppm of boron ...

LUBRICANTS FOR USE IN BOOSTED ENGINES

A lubricating oil composition including greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil, from 100 ppm to less than 1800 ppm by weight of total metal from metal-containing detergent(s) including an overbased calcium detergent and a magnesium containing detergent. The composition has a total nitrogen of 900 ppm to less than 1600 ppm by weight, and a ratio of total metal from the detergent(s) in ppm to the total nitrogen in ppm of less than 1.9. The composition also includes a borated compound to provide greater than 50 ppm by weight to 1000 ppm by weight of boron, and a ppm ratio of metal from the detergent(s) in ppm to the total boron is less than 7.5 and a molybdenum compound to provide greater than 80 ppm to 1200 ppm by weight molybdenum and a ppm ratio of total metal from the detergent(s) to the molybdenum is less than 23.8.

METHODS FOR IMPROVING RESISTANCE TO TIMING CHAIN WEAR WITH A MULTI-COMPONENT DETERGENT SYSTEM

A method for reducing timing chain stretch in an engine comprising a step of lubricating said timing chain with a lubricating oil composition that includes a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive package including at least one overbased calcium phenate detergent having a total base number of at least 150 mg KOH/g, measured by the method of ASTM D-2896, at least one calcium sulfonate detergent; and at least one magnesium-containing detergent. The lubricating oil composition has a weight ratio of total calcium from the at least one calcium sulfonate detergent to total calcium and magnesium in the lubricating oil composition of from about 0.06 to less than about 0.45. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one magnesium-containing detergent is overbased having a total base number of at least 225 mg KOH/g claim 1 , measured by the method of ASTM D-2896.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one magnesium-containing detergent is selected from an overbased magnesium phenate claim 1 , overbased magnesium sulfur containing phenates claim 1 , overbased magnesium sulfonates claim 1 , overbased magnesium calixarates claim 1 , overbased magnesium salixarates claim 1 , overbased magnesium salicylates claim 1 , overbased magnesium carboxylic acids claim 1 , overbased magnesium phosphorus acids claim 1 , overbased magnesium mono- and/or di-thiophosphoric acids claim 1 , overbased magnesium alkyl phenols claim 1 , overbased magnesium sulfur coupled alkyl phenol compounds claim 1 , overbased magnesium methylene bridged phenols and combinations thereof.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one calcium sulfonate detergent is overbased having a total base number of at least 225 mg KOH/g claim 1 , measured by the method of ASTM D-2896.5. (canceled)6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive package further comprises one or more additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants claim 1 , ...

Liquid cleaner for the removal of post-etch residues

Cleaning compositions and processes for cleaning post-plasma etch residue from a microelectronic device having said residue thereon. The composition achieves highly efficacious cleaning of the residue material, including titanium-containing, copper-containing, tungsten-containing, and/or cobalt-containing post-etch residue from the microelectronic device while simultaneously not damaging the interlevel dielectric, metal interconnect material, and/or capping layers also present thereon. In addition, the composition may be useful for the removal of titanium nitride layers from a microelectronic device having same thereon.

Methods for stripping material for wafer reclamation

Removal compositions and processes for removing at least one material layer from a rejected microelectronic device structure having same thereon. The removal composition includes hydrofluoric acid. The composition achieves substantial removal of the material(s) to be removed while not damaging the layers to be retained, for reclaiming, reworking, recycling and/or reuse of said structure.

Methods for stripping material for wafer reclamation

Removal compositions and processes for removing at least one material layer from a rejected microelectronic device structure having same thereon. The removal composition includes hydrofluoric acid. The composition achieves substantial removal of the material(s) to be removed while not damaging the layers to be retained, for reclaiming, reworking, recycling and/or reuse of said structure.

Recubrimientos termocromicos con vehiculo de resina.

Los recubrimientos termocrómicos se mejoran al mezclar cápsulas termocrómicas con resinas de polímero de una manera que imparte autoestabilidad a los precursores fluibles que pueden ser curados para formar recubrimientos relativamente duros que son capaces de resistir operaciones de maquinaria, tal como las operaciones necesarias para hacer tapaderas de latas de bebida, tapas de botella, lengüetas de tracción y los similares.

Lubricants with magnesium and their use for improving low speed pre-ignition

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition includes greater than 50 wt.% of a base oil, one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents having a TBN greater than 225 mg KOH/g and one or more magnesium-containing detergents. A total amount of calcium from the one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents is from 900 ppm to less than 2400 ppm by weight, and a total amount of magnesium from the one or more magnesium-containing detergents is from 50 ppm to 500 ppm by weight, both based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition and the method of using it are effective to reduce low speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion engine lubricated with the lubricating oil composition.

COMPOSITION OF LUBRICANT OIL, AND METHOD FOR OPERATION IN AN PUSHED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

uma composição de óleo lubrificante e método para operar um motor de combustão interna reforçado. a composição de óleo lubrificante inclui mais que 50% em peso de um óleo base, um ou mais detergentes contendo cálcio sobrebasificados tendo um tbn superior a 225 mg koh/g e um ou mais detergentes contendo magnésio. uma quantidade total de cálcio dos um ou mais detergentes contendo cálcio sobrebasificados é de 900 ppm a menos de 2.400 ppm em peso e uma quantidade total de magnésio dos um ou mais detergentes contendo magnésio é de 50 ppm a 500 ppm em peso, ambas com base em um peso total da composição de óleo lubrificante. a composição de óleo lubrificante e o método de usar a mesma são eficazes para reduzir eventos de pré-ignição de baixa velocidade em um motor de combustão interna reforçado lubrificado com a composição de óleo lubrificante. a lubricating oil composition and method for operating a reinforced internal combustion engine. the lubricating oil composition includes greater than 50% by weight of a base oil, one or more superbased calcium-containing detergents having a tbn greater than 225 mg koh/g, and one or more magnesium-containing detergents. a total amount of calcium from the one or more superbased calcium-containing detergents is from 900 ppm to less than 2400 ppm by weight and a total amount of magnesium from the one or more magnesium-containing detergents is from 50 ppm to 500 ppm by weight, both based on in a total weight of the lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition and the method of using it are effective in reducing low speed pre-ignition events in a reinforced internal combustion engine lubricated with the lubricating oil composition.

Lubricants with magnesium and their use for improving low speed pre-ignition.

Una composición de aceite lubricante y un método para operar un motor de combustión interna potenciado. La composición de aceite lubricante incluye más de 50% en peso de un aceite base, uno o más detergentes sobrebasificados que contienen calcio que tienen un TBN mayor que 225 mg de KOH/g y uno o más detergentes que contienen magnesio. Una cantidad total de calcio de uno o más detergentes que contienen calcio sobrebasificado es de 900 ppm a menos de 2400 ppm en peso, y una cantidad total de magnesio del uno o más detergentes que contienen magnesio es de 50 ppm a 500 ppm por peso, ambos basados en un peso total de la composición de aceite lubricante. La composición de aceite lubricante y el método de usarlo son efectivos para reducir los eventos de pre-ignición de baja velocidad en un motor de combustión interna potenciado con la composición de aceite lubricante.

Lubricants with calcium-containing detergent and their use for improving low speed pre-ignition

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition includes greater than 50 wt.% of a base oil, an overbased detergent having a TBN greater than 225 mg KOH/g and a low-based/neutral detergent having a TBN up to 175 mg KOH/g. A total amount of calcium from the overbased and low-based/neutral detergent is greater than 1100 ppm to less than 2400 ppm by weight based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition and method may be effective to reduce low-speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion engine lubricated with the lubricating oil composition relative to commercially available lubricating oil compositions.

Photochromic inks

Metal deco ink formulations are improved by the use of fluorescent dyes, UV- absorbing dyes and/or IR-absorbing dyes. These may be premixed with a phenol- formaldehyde resin without microencapsulation to protect the dye from other ink ingredients that have chemistries which are incompatible with that of the dye, in order to obtain photochromic ink formulation with a good shelf life.

Lubricants with titanium and/or tungsten and their use for improving low speed pre-ignition

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition includes a major amount of a base oil, one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents having a total base number of greater than (225) mg KOH/gram, to provide greater than (900) ppm by weight to less than (2400) ppm by weight of calcium to the lubricating oil composition, and a low speed pre-ignition reducing amount of one or more titanium-containing compounds to provide from (10) ppm to (3000) ppm titanium and/or one or more tungsten-containing compounds to provide from (125) ppm to (3000) ppm tungsten, all based on the total weight of the lubricating composition. The low speed pre-ignition events in the boosted internal combustion engine may be reduced relative to a number of low speed pre-ignition events in the same engine lubricated with the same lubricating oil without the titanium- and/or tungsten-containing additive.

Lubricants with titanium and/or tungsten and their use for improving low speed pre-ignition

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition includes a major amount of a base oil, one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents having a total base number of greater than (225) mg KOH/gram, to provide greater than (900) ppm by weight to less than (2400) ppm by weight of calcium to the lubricating oil composition, and a low speed pre-ignition reducing amount of one or more titanium-containing compounds to provide from (10) ppm to (3000) ppm titanium and/or one or more tungsten-containing compounds to provide from (125) ppm to (3000) ppm tungsten, all based on the total weight of the lubricating composition. The low speed pre-ignition events in the boosted internal combustion engine may be reduced relative to a number of low speed pre-ignition events in the same engine lubricated with the same lubricating oil without the titanium- and/or tungsten-containing additive.

lubricating oil composition, and method for reducing low speed pre-ignition events.

uma composição de óleo lubrificante e método para operar um motor de combustão interna reforçado. a composição de óleo lubrificante inclui mais que 50% em peso de um óleo base, um ou mais detergentes contendo cálcio sobrebasificados tendo um tbn superior a 225 mg koh/g e um ou mais detergentes contendo magnésio. uma quantidade total de cálcio dos um ou mais detergentes contendo cálcio sobrebasificados é de 900 ppm a menos de 2.400 ppm em peso e uma quantidade total de magnésio dos um ou mais detergentes contendo magnésio é de 50 ppm a 500 ppm em peso, ambas com base em um peso total da composição de óleo lubrificante. a composição de óleo lubrificante e o método de usar a mesma são eficazes para reduzir eventos de pré-ignição de baixa velocidade em um motor de combustão interna reforçado lubrificado com a composição de óleo lubrificante. a lubricating oil composition and method for operating a reinforced internal combustion engine. the lubricating oil composition includes more than 50% by weight of a base oil, one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents having a tbn greater than 225 mg koh / g and one or more magnesium-containing detergents. a total amount of calcium from one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents is 900 ppm to less than 2,400 ppm by weight and a total amount of magnesium from one or more magnesium-containing detergents is from 50 ppm to 500 ppm by weight, both based on in a total weight of the lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition and method of using it are effective in reducing low speed pre-ignition events in a reinforced internal combustion engine lubricated with the lubricating oil composition.

Lubricant compositions for reducing timing chain stretch

A method for reducing timing chain stretch in an engine comprising a step of lubricating said timing chain with a lubricating oil composition that includes a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive package including (a) at least one overbased calcium detergent, (b) at least one borated dispersant, (c) a metal dialkyl dithiophosphate, and (d) at least one molybdenum compound. The lubricating oil composition has a TBN value of at least 7.5 mg KOH/g of the lubricating oil composition, at least 80 ppm of molybdenum, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, a weight ratio of total calcium in the lubricating oil composition to total molybdenum in the lubricating oil composition of less than 8.4; and a weight ratio of nitrogen from the dispersant in the lubricating composition to total boron in the lubricating oil composition of from 2.6 to 3Ø

Lubricants with overbased calcium and overbased magnesium detergents and method for improving low-speed pre-ignition

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil includes greater than 50 wt.% of a base oil, one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents, one or more overbased magnesium-containing detergents and one or more molybdenum compounds and leads to a more than 60% reduction in LSPI compared to the LSPI of a reference oil and passes the Ball Rust Test. The ratio of wt% calcium from the overbased detergents to wt.% of magnesium from the overbased detergents is less than 11.9. A ratio of total ppm of magnesium to total TBN of the lubricating oil in mg KOH/g is greater than 19. A ratio of the total ppm of calcium to the total TBN of the lubricating oil is less than 222. The oil and method may reduce low-speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion relative to commercially available lubricating oils.

Lubricant compositions for reducing timing chain stretch

A method for reducing timing chain stretch in an engine comprising a step of lubricating said timing chain with a lubricating oil composition that includes a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive package including (a) at least one overbased calcium detergent, (b) at least one borated dispersant, (c) a metal dialkyl dithiophosphate, and (d) at least one molybdenum compound. The lubricating oil composition has a TBN value of at least 7.5 mg KOH/g of the lubricating oil composition, at least 80 ppm of molybdenum, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, a weight ratio of total calcium in the lubricating oil composition to total molybdenum in the lubricating oil composition of less than 8.4; and a weight ratio of nitrogen from the dispersant in the lubricating composition to total boron in the lubricating oil composition of from 2.6 to 3.0.

Lubricants with overbased calcium and overbased magnesium detergents and method for improving low-speed pre-ignition

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil includes greater than 50 wt.% of a base oil, one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents, one or more overbased magnesium-containing detergents and one or more molybdenum compounds and leads to a more than 60% reduction in LSPI compared to the LSPI of a reference oil and passes the Ball Rust Test. The ratio of wt% calcium from the overbased detergents to wt.% of magnesium from the overbased detergents is less than 11.9. A ratio of total ppm of magnesium to total TBN of the lubricating oil in mg KOH/g is greater than 19. A ratio of the total ppm of calcium to the total TBN of the lubricating oil is less than 222. The oil and method may reduce low-speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion relative to commercially available lubricating oils.

Lubricants with titanium and/or tungsten and their use for improving low speed pre-ignition

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition includes a major amount of a base oil, one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents having a total base number of greater than 225 mg KOH/gram, to provide greater than 900 ppm by weight to less than 2400 ppm by weight of calcium to the lubricating oil composition, and a low speed pre-ignition reducing amount of one or more titanium-containing compounds to provide from 10 ppm to 3000 ppm titanium and/or one or more tungsten-containing compounds to provide from 125 ppm to 3000 ppm tungsten, all based on the total weight of the lubricating composition. The low speed pre-ignition events in the boosted internal combustion engine may be reduced relative to a number of low speed pre-ignition events in the same engine lubricated with the same lubricating oil without the titanium- and/or tungsten-containing additive.

Lubricants with calcium-containing detergent and their use for improving low speed pre-ignition

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition includes greater than 50 wt.% of a base oil, an overbased detergent having a TBN greater than 225 mg KOH/g and a low-based/neutral detergent having a TBN up to 175 mg KOH/g. A total amount of calcium from the overbased and low-based/neutral detergent is greater than 1100 ppm to less than 2400 ppm by weight based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition and method may be effective to reduce low-speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion engine lubricated with the lubricating oil composition relative to commercially available lubricating oil compositions.

Lubricants with zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate and their use in boosted internal combustion engines.

La presente invención se refiere a una composición de aceite lubricante y método para proporcionar un número aceptable de eventos de pre-ignición de baja velocidad en un motor de combustión interna potenciado que usa la composición de aceite lubricante. La composición de aceite lubricante incluye más de 50% en peso de un aceite de base de viscosidad lubricante, y una composición de aditivo que incluye un detergente que contiene calcio sobrebasificado que tiene un TBN mayor de 225 mg de KOH/g, y uno o más compuestos de dialquil ditiofosfato de zinc se derivan de una relación molar de alcohol secundario a alcohol primario de 20:100 a aproximadamente 100:0 y tienen un contenido de carbono total promedio mayor de 10 átomos de carbono por mol de fósforo. Las composiciones de aceite lubricante contienen el detergente que contiene calcio sobrebasificado en una cantidad para proporcionar más de 900 ppm a menos de 2400 ppm en peso de calcio, y al menos 0.01% en peso del dialquil ditiofosfato de zinc, ambas cantidades se basan en el peso total de la composición de aceite lubricante.

Lubricants with magnesium and their use for improving low speed pre-ignition

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition includes greater than 50 wt.% of a base oil, one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents having a TBN greater than 225 mg KOH/g and one or more magnesium-containing detergents. A total amount of calcium from the one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents is from 900 ppm to less than 2400 ppm by weight, and a total amount of magnesium from the one or more magnesium-containing detergents is from 50 ppm to 500 ppm by weight, both based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition and the method of using it are effective to reduce low speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion engine lubricated with the lubricating oil composition.

lubricating oil composition, and method for reducing pre-ignition events at low speed.

uma composição de óleo lubrificante e um método de operação de um motor de combustão interna reforçado. a composição de óleo lubrificante não tem mais de 150 ppm de sódio e inclui uma quantidade maior de um óleo de base e uma composição de aditivo que inclui um ou mais detergentes contendo cálcio superbasificado com um número de base total maior que 225 mg de koh/grama, em uma quantidade suficiente para fornecer mais de 1100 ppm em peso a menos que 2400 ppm em peso de cálcio para a composição de óleo lubrificante e um ou mais compostos contendo molibdênio em uma quantidade suficiente para fornecer pelo menos cerca de 80 ppm em peso de molibdênio para a composição de óleo lubrificante, tudo com base no peso total da composição lubrificante. o óleo e o método podem reduzir os eventos de pré-ignição a baixa velocidade no motor de combustão interna reforçado em relação a uma série de eventos de pré-ignição a baixa velocidade no mesmo motor lubrificado com um óleo lubrificante de referência. a lubricating oil composition and a method of operating a reinforced internal combustion engine. the lubricating oil composition is no more than 150 ppm sodium and includes a larger amount of a base oil and an additive composition comprising one or more superbased calcium-containing detergents with a total base number greater than 225 mg koh / sufficient amount to provide more than 1100 ppm by weight less than 2400 ppm by weight of calcium for the lubricating oil composition and one or more molybdenum-containing compounds in an amount sufficient to provide at least about 80 ppm by weight of molybdenum for the lubricating oil composition, all based on the total weight of the lubricating composition. The oil and method can reduce low speed pre-ignition events in the reinforced internal combustion engine compared to a series of low speed pre-ignition events in the same engine lubricated with a reference lubricating oil.

Lubricants with calcium-containing detergents and their use for improving low-speed pre-ignition

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition includes greater than 50 wt.% of a base oil, one or more overbased calcium sulfonate detergent(s) and one or more overbased calcium phenate detergent(s). The calcium, boron, nitrogen, and amount of soap are maintained within certain ratios, and the total base number contribution from all detergents to the lubricating oil composition is less than 4.2 mg KOH/g of the lubricating oil composition, as measured by the method of ASTM D-2896. The lubricating oil composition and method may be effective to reduce low-speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion engine lubricated with the lubricating oil composition relative to capable lubricating oil compositions.

Lubricants with magnesium and their use for improving low speed pre-ignition

Lubricants with calcium-containing detergents and their use for improving low-speed pre-ignition

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition includes greater than 50 wt.% of a base oil, one or more overbased calcium sulfonate detergent(s) and one or more overbased calcium phenate detergent(s). The calcium, boron, nitrogen, and amount of soap are maintained within certain ratios, and the total base number contribution from all detergents to the lubricating oil composition is less than 4.2 mg KOH/g of the lubricating oil composition, as measured by the method of ASTM D-2896. The lubricating oil composition and method may be effective to reduce low-speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion engine lubricated with the lubricating oil composition relative to capable lubricating oil compositions.

Lubricants with calcium-containing detergents and their use for improving low-speed pre-ignition

INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (43) International Publication Date 26 July 2018 (26.07.2018) WIPO I PCT omit °nolo mom oimIE (10) International Publication Number WO 2018/136136 Al (51) International Patent Classification: Cl OM 159/20 (2006.01) ClON 40/25 (2006.01) ClON 30/00 (2006.01) ClON 10/04 (2006.01) (21) International Application Number: PCT/US2017/060956 (22) International Filing Date: 09 November 2017 (09.11.2017) (25) Filing Language: English (26) Publication Language: English (30) Priority Data: 15/409,503 18 January 2017 (18.01.2017) US (71) Applicant: AFTON CHEMICAL CORPORATION [US/US]; 500 Spring Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219 (US). (72) Inventors: CARPENTIER, Guillaume; 1 Wyvern Close, Bracknell Berkshire RG12 (GB). RANSOM, Paul; 1 Clough Hey, Manchester Road, Marsden Huddersfield HD76DW (GB). FLETCHER, Kristin; 2616 Cradle Hill Court, Midlothian, Virginia 23112 (US). (74) Agent: DUNLEAVY, Kevin J.; Mendelsohn Dunleavy, P.C., 1500 John F. Kennedy Blvd., Suite 312, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102 (US). (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, ...

Lubricants with calcium and magnesium-containing detergents and their use for improving low-speed pre-ignition and for corrosion resistance

INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (43) International Publication Date 26 July 2018 (26.07.2018) WIPO I PCT omit VIII °nolo o1111 oimIE (10) International Publication Number WO 2018/136137 Al (51) International Patent Classification: C/0M 159/20 (2006.01) Cl OM 159/24 (2006.01) ClOM 159/22 (2006.01) (21) International Application Number: PCT/US2017/060957 (22) International Filing Date: 09 November 2017 (09.11.2017) (25) Filing Language: English (26) Publication Language: English (30) Priority Data: 15/409,509 18 January 2017 (18.01.2017) US (71) Applicant: AFTON CHEMICAL CORPORATION [US/US]; 500 Spring Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219 (US). (72) Inventors: RANSOM, Paul; 1 Clough Hey, Manches- ter Road, Marsden Huddersfield HD7 6DW (GB). CAR- PENTIER, Guillaume; 1 Wyvern Close, Bracknell Berk- shire RG12 (GB). FLETCHER, Kristin; 2616 Cradle Hill Court, Midlothian, Virginia 23112 (US). (74) Agent: DUNLEAVY, Kevin, J. et al.; Mendelsohn Dun- leavy, P.C., 1500 John F. Kennedy Blvd., Suite 312, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102 (US). (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, ...

Lubricants with titanium and their use for improving low speed pre-ignition

Lubricants with calcium and magnesium-containing detergents and their use for improving low-speed pre-ignition and for corrosion resistance

A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine with reduced low-speed pre-ignition events and corrosion resistance. The oil composition includes a base oil, one or more overbased calcium sulfonate detergents, one or more overbased calcium phenate detergents, and one or more overbased magnesium- containing detergents. A ratio of ppm of calcium to TBN of the oil composition is less than 170; a ratio of ppm of magnesium to total soap content in wt.% is greater than 700; and there are limited amounts of boron and molybdenum, and all weight percentages and ppm values being based on the total weight of the oil composition. The compositions give low LSPI ratios and pass the Ball Rust test.

Lubricants with titanium and their use for improving low speed pre-ignition

Stabilisierte Vinylsulfonhärterzusammensetzungen, die in der photographischen Produktion einsetzbar sind

Photochromic inks

Metal deco ink formulations are improved by the use of fluorescent dyes, UV-absorbing dyes and/or IR-absorbing dyes. These may be premixed with a phenol-formaldehyde resin without microencapsulation to protect the dye from other ink ingredients that have chemistries which are incompatible with that of the dye, in order to obtain photochromic ink formulation with a good shelf life.