Needleless injector

An injector (10) includes a housing having a chamber (12) for holding a liquid formulation of an active principle to be injected into a biological body and an output port (13) in fluid communication with the chamber (12) through which the liquid formulation is injected. A piston (20) is positioned within the housing, and includes an end portion (36) with substantially the same shape as the chamber. A magnetic force draws the piston (20) and housing together to expel the liquid formulation out of the chamber through the output port (13).

MULTI-LINK MODULAR CONTINUUM ROBOTIC ENDOSCOPE SYSTEM

Robotic endoscopes have the potential to help endoscopists position tools during procedures, to propel the endoscope to the desired position, to automate functions and to prevent perforations during procedures. Modular architecture for a continuum robotic endoscope with multiple bending segments along the length of the endoscope. Each of the segments is modular, containing a set of actuation motors that drive short cables in the continuum segments. 1. A modular segmented endoscope comprising:an endoscope having a plurality of connected segments, each segment having a plurality of connected modules including a motor module, the motor module of each segment being connected to the plurality of modules of each respective segment to control angular orientation.2. The endoscope of wherein each segment comprises a distal module and a proximal module.3. The endoscope of wherein the motor module of a selected segment controls positioning of modules of the selected segment.4. The endoscope of further comprising a control system connected to each motor module.56-. (canceled)7. The endoscope of further comprising a detector module.8. The endoscope of further comprising a memory that stores coded instructions to control motor module operation or operating mode instructions.9. The endoscope of further comprising a haptic control system including a first control handle to control a first rotational axis and a second control handle to control a second rotational axis.1012-. (canceled)13. The endoscope of wherein each segment further comprises a segment controller that is connected to the motor module within the segment.1416-. (canceled)17. The endoscope of further comprising a data processor and a display.18. The endoscope of wherein the endoscope comprises at least three segments claim 1 , a handle attached to a proximal segment claim 1 , and a flexible endoscope body that has a tubular shape sized for insertion into a colon.19. (canceled)20. The endoscope of wherein each module ...

Jet Injector Use In Oral Evaluation

A tooth treatment device includes a detector that detects a marker of oral health and a fluid ejector that ejects fluid against teeth in response to the detected marker. The device can include a housing configured to be held on hand, the fluid ejector being positioned at an end of the housing. The fluid may include a liquid, a medicant, a cleansing solution, cleaning particles, or any combination thereof. The medicant can include any combination of a chelating agent, fluoride, a fluorescent dye, a bacterial specific probe, and a biochemical specific biomarker. Further, the device can include a servo controller controlling pressure of ejected fluid in response to the detected marker and a sensed surface condition, latter including for example, a mechanical property of tissue. The device may include a pressure sensor that senses pressure of the fluid in the ejector. Also included may be a distance sensor that senses distance of the ejector from a tissue surface. The surface condition may be sensed using the sensed pressure, sensed distance, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the fluid ejector comprises a stationary magnet assembly providing a magnetic field and a coil assembly, slidably disposed with respect to the magnet assembly, the coil assembly driving ejection of the fluid jet. A method of tooth treatment includes detecting a marker of oral health and controlling ejection of a fluid jet against the tooth responsive to the detected marker. In some embodiments, detecting the marker includes detecting plaque and the ejection is controlled to clean the plaque. Detecting the marker can include collecting a sample from an oral cavity. 1. A tooth treatment device comprising:a detector that detects a marker of oral health; anda fluid ejector that ejects fluid against teeth in response to the detected marker.2. The device of further comprising a housing configured to be held on hand claim 1 , the fluid ejector being positioned at an end of the housing.3. ...

INJECTION METHODS USING A SERVO-CONTROLLED NEEDLE-FREE INJECTOR

A method for injecting a substance through a biological body surface includes providing a needle-free transdermal transport device configured to inject the substance through the surface. The substance is injected into the biological body with the transport device while a parameter of the injection is sensed and a servo-controller is used to dynamically adjust at least one injection characteristic based on the sensed parameter. The substance is injected for (i) a first time period during which a first portion of a volume of the substance is injected at a first injection pressure, and (ii) a second time period during which a remainder of the volume of the substance is injected at a second injection pressure. A viscosity of the substance may be determined, and a pressure calculated for injecting the substance based on the viscosity. The substance may be injected with the transport device by using the calculated pressure. 1. A method for injecting a substance through a surface of a biological body , the method comprising the steps of:providing a needle-free transdermal transport device configured to inject the substance through the surface of the biological body; and (i) sensing a parameter associated with the injection, the parameter comprising at least one of deformation of an ampoule disposed on the needle-free transdermal transport device, temperature of ambient, temperature of injected substance, sound of substance impinging on the biological body, and barometric pressure; and', '(ii) using a servo-controller to dynamically adjust at least one injection characteristic based on the sensed parameter,, 'injecting the substance into the biological body with the transport device while'}wherein the substance is injected for (i) a first time period during which a first portion of a volume of the substance is injected at a first injection pressure, and (ii) a second time period during which a remainder of the volume of the substance is injected at a second injection ...

DELIVERY OF A SOLID BODY AND/OR A FLUID USING A LINEAR LORENTZ-FORCE ACTUATED NEEDLE-FREE JET INJECTION SYSTEM

A method for transferring a solid body across a surface of a biological body includes (i) applying an electrical input to a controllable electromagnetic actuator; (ii) producing with the electromagnetic actuator a mechanical force corresponding to the electrical input; and (iii) applying the mechanical force to a reservoir coupled at one end to a nozzle, the mechanical force producing a pressure within the reservoir, a magnitude of the pressure varying with the mechanical force and causing ejection of a fluid from the reservoir to drive the solid body into the biological body. A method for delivering a substance to a target body includes (i) positioning a needle-free injector proximate to a surface of the target body; (ii) injecting the substance into the target body; and (iii) while injecting, moving the needle-free injector along the surface, thereby sweeping the surface. 1. A method for transferring a solid body across a surface of a biological body , the method comprising the steps of:applying an electrical input to a controllable electromagnetic actuator;producing with the electromagnetic actuator a mechanical force corresponding to the electrical input; andapplying the mechanical force to a reservoir coupled at one end to a nozzle, the mechanical force producing a pressure within the reservoir, a magnitude of the pressure varying with the mechanical force and causing ejection of a fluid from the reservoir to drive the solid body into the biological body.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , prior to the application of the mechanical force claim 1 , the solid body is disposed in the fluid in the reservoir claim 1 , and the applied force produces a positive pressure ejecting at least a portion of the fluid and the solid body from the reservoir through the nozzle.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising disposing the solid body in a cartridge coupled to the nozzle prior to the application of the mechanical force.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the ...

Endoscopic imaging system

An endoscopic imaging system includes a reusable control cabinet having a number of actuators that control the orientation of a lightweight endoscope that is connectable thereto. The endoscope is used with a single patient and is then disposed. The endoscope includes an illumination mechanism, an image sensor and an elongate shaft having one or more lumens located therein. A polymeric articulation joint at the distal end of the endoscope allows the distal end to be oriented by the control cabinet. The endoscope is coated with a hydrophilic coating that reduces its coefficient of friction and because it is lightweight, requires less force to advance it to a desired location within a patient.

MAGNETIC STATOR ASSEMBLY

An electric device including: a stator assembly; and an actuator including a coil having an axis, wherein the stator assembly includes: a stator core arranged along a linear axis, the stator core made up of a plurality of magnets each characterized by a magnetic moment, the plurality of magnets arranged in a stack along the linear axis with the magnet moments of the plurality of magnets being co-linearly aligned parallel to the linear axis, wherein the plurality of magnets includes a first magnet and a second magnet positioned adjacent to each other in the stack separated by a gap and with their magnetic moments in opposition to each other, and wherein the actuator is arranged on the stator core with the coil of the actuator encircling the linear axis with the axis of the coil parallel to the linear axis. 1. An electric device comprising:a stator assembly; andan actuator including a coil having an axis,wherein the stator assembly comprises:a stator core arranged along a linear axis, said stator core comprising a plurality of magnets each characterized by a magnetic moment, said plurality of magnets arranged in a stack along said linear axis with the magnet moments of the plurality of magnets being co-linearly aligned parallel to the linear axis, wherein the plurality of magnets includes a first magnet and a second magnet positioned adjacent to each other in the stack and separated by a gap, said first and second magnets having their magnetic moments in opposition to each other, and wherein the actuator is arranged on the stator core with the coil of the actuator encircling the linear axis with the axis of the coil parallel to the linear axis.2. The electric device of claim 1 , wherein the actuator is positioned on the stator core adjacent to the gap between the first and second magnets.3. The electric device of claim 1 , further comprising an outer enclosure structure having a first wall and a second wall claim 1 , wherein the stator core and the actuator are within ...

OVERHEAD POWER TRANSFER SYSTEM

The present invention relates to a charging station for charging a plurality of vehicles and methods of charging energy storage systems within a plurality of vehicles. A charging station for charging a plurality of vehicles each with a receiver coil located on top of a vehicle, includes: a first and second support structures, an overhead track stretching between the first and second support structures, a movable carriage on the overhead track, the carriage including a transmitter coil located at a position under the carriage for transferring power to the receiver coils of the plurality of vehicles when they are parked under the overhead track and an inductive power transfer module connected to the transmitter coil, and a motorized transport mechanism for moving the carriage along the tracks and positioning the carriage over any selectable one of the plurality of vehicles. 1. A charging station for charging a plurality of vehicles each with a receiver coil located on top of the vehicle , said system comprising:first and second support structures;an overhead track stretching between the first and second support structures;a movable carriage on the overhead track, said carriage including a transmitter coil located at a position under the carriage for transferring power to the receiver coils of the plurality of vehicles when the plurality of vehicles is parked under the overhead track and an inductive power transfer module connected to the transmitter coil; anda motorized transport mechanism for moving the carriage along the tracks and positioning the carriage over any selectable one of the plurality of vehicles.2. The charging station of claim 1 , wherein the movable carriage further comprises an alignment stage for movably positioning the transmitter coil with respect to the carriage so as to achieve further alignment with the receiver coil.3. The charging station of claim 2 , wherein the alignment stage for movably positioning the transmitter coil in three dimensions ...

MINIMIZATION OF TORQUE RIPPLE

An electric motor including: a first and second linear actuator, each linear actuator including a first and second coil respectively, a rotational shaft, a cam assembly mounted on the rotational shaft for translating linear movement of the two linear actuators to rotational movement of the rotational shaft, a controller programmed to generate during operation a first and second drive signal for first coil and second coil respectively, wherein the first drive signal causes the first linear actuator to generate a first torque on the rotational shaft that varies periodically over a complete rotation of the shaft and the second drive signal causes the second linear actuator to generate a second torque on the rotational shaft that varies periodically over a complete rotation of the shaft, and wherein the sum of the first and second torques produces a total torque that is substantially constant throughout the complete rotation of the shaft. 1. An electric motor comprising:a first linear actuator including a first coil;a second linear actuator including a second coil;a rotational shaft;a cam assembly mounted on said rotational shaft for translating linear movement of the first and second linear actuators to rotational movement of the rotational shaft;a controller programmed to generate during operation a first drive signal for the first coil and a second drive signal for the second coil, wherein the first drive signal causes the first linear actuator to generate a first torque on the rotational shaft that varies periodically over a complete rotation of the shaft and the second drive signal causes the second linear actuator to generate a second torque on the rotational shaft that varies periodically over the complete rotation of the shaft, andwherein the sum of the first and second torques produces a total torque that is substantially constant throughout the complete rotation of the shaft.2. The electric motor of claim 1 , further comprising:a first cam follower assembly ...

CONTROLLED NEEDLE-FREE TRANSPORT

A needle-free transdermal transport device for transferring a substance across a surface of a biological body includes a reservoir for storing the substance, a nozzle in fluid communication with the reservoir and a controllable electromagnetic actuator in communication with the reservoir. The actuator, referred to as a Lorentz force actuator, includes a stationary magnet assembly and a moving coil assembly. The coil assembly moves a piston having an end portion positioned within the reservoir. The actuator receives an electrical input and generates in response a corresponding force acting on the piston and causing a needle-free transfer of the substance between the reservoir and the biological body. The magnitude, direction and duration of the force are dynamically controlled (e.g., servo-controlled) by the electrical input and can be altered during the course of an actuation cycle. Beneficially, the actuator can be moved in different directions according to the electrical input. 1. A method of treating a disease comprising:collecting with a first needle-free transdermal transport device a sample from the body;determining dosage of an active compound responsive to the collected sample;transferring with a second needle-free transdermal transport device the determined dosage of active compound to the body.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the collecting step comprises:injecting with the needle-free transdermal transport device a first substance into the body; andwithdrawing with the needle-free transdermal transport device a sample comprising at least a portion of the first substance and at least a portion of the body.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first substance is a substantially biologically inert substance.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the active compound is insulin.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second needle-free transdermal transport devices are the same.6. A method of treating a disease comprising:piercing with a needle-free ...

MULTI-CELL BATTERY ASSEMBLY

A battery assembly including: a plurality of prismatic battery cells; first and second fluid manifolds; and a plurality of corrugated flow plates interleaved with the plurality of battery cells, each the flow plates extending from the first manifold to the second manifold and providing an array of flow channels for carrying fluid from the first manifold to the second manifold, wherein each plate of the plurality of corrugated flow plates is an extruded plastic structure comprising first and second fluid impermeable sheets and a plurality of parallel ribs between and connecting the first and second sheets, said plurality of ribs forming the array of flow channels. 1. A battery assembly comprising:a plurality of battery cells;a plurality of corrugated flow plates; andfirst and second fluid manifolds,wherein each plate of the plurality of corrugated flow plates comprises first and second fluid impermeable sheets and a corrugated structure between the first and second sheets, said corrugated structure forming an array of parallel channels extending from one end of that plate to an opposite end of that plate,wherein the plurality of corrugated plates and the plurality of battery cells are interleaved with each other, andwherein each plate of the plurality of corrugated plates extends from the first manifold to the second manifold and is oriented so that the plurality of channels within that plate forms a plurality of fluid flow paths connecting the first and second manifolds.2. The battery assembly of claim 1 , wherein the battery cells within the plurality of battery cells are lithium-ion batteries.3. The battery assembly of claim 1 , wherein the battery cells within the plurality of battery cells are flat battery cells.4. The battery assembly of claim 1 , wherein the battery cells within the plurality of battery cells are prismatic battery cells.5. The battery assembly of claim 1 , wherein in each corrugated flow plate of the plurality of corrugated flow plates the ...

FLEXIBLE CONDUCTING POLYMER ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE

Electrochemical redox supercapacitor. The supercapacitor includes two thin films of electrically conducting polymer separated by an ion-permeable membrane and including an electrolyte disposed between the two thin films. Electrical contacts are disposed on outer surfaces of the two thin films. The supercapacitor is flexible and may be rolled, folded on itself, or kept substantially flat. A suitable conducting polymer is polypyrrole. In another aspect, the invention is a method for making a redox supercapacitor. 1. Electrochemical supercapacitor comprising:two thin films of electrically conducting polymer separated by an ion-permeable membrane and including an electrolyte disposed between the two thin films; andelectrical contacts disposed on outer surfaces of the two thin films.2. The supercapacitor of further including non-conductive material surrounding the conductive polymer claim 1 , ion-permeable membrane claim 1 , and electrolyte to form a stack.3. The supercapacitor of wherein the stack is rolled claim 2 , folded or kept substantially flat.4. The supercapacitor of wherein the stack is enclosed within a conformable material.5. The supercapacitor of wherein the conducting polymer is polypyrrole.6. The supercapacitor of wherein the conductive polymer further includes a dopant.7. The supercapacitor of wherein the ion-permeable membrane has a thickness in the range of one micron to several hundred microns.8. Method for making a redox supercapacitor comprising:depositing a conducting polymer film on a conductive substrate by electrochemical deposition;drying the film and removing it from the conductive substrate;placing portions of the film on opposite sides of an ion-permeable membrane to form a stack;submersing the conducting polymer film and ion-permeable membrane stack within an electrolyte for a selected period of time;providing electrical contacts on outer surfaces of the film portion; andto placing the conducting polymer film/ion-permeable membrane stack ...

INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN CONDUCTING POLYMER MATERIALS

Method for connecting two portions of a first electrically conducting polymer with a second polymer. The method includes disposing a solution of a second polymer in a solvent to be in contact with the two portions of the first electrically conducting polymer and allowing the solvent to evaporate leaving the second polymer joining the two portions of the first polymer. The second polymer may be doped to improve its conductivity. 1. Method for connecting two portions of a first electrically conducting polymer comprising:disposing a solution of a soluble polymer in a solvent to be in contact with the two portions of the first electrically conducting polymer; andallowing the solvent to evaporate leaving the second polymer joining the two portions of the first polymer.2. The method of wherein the first polymer is polypyrrole.3. The method of wherein the second polymer is poly 3-hexyl thiophene.4. The method of wherein the solvent is dichloromethane.5. The method of wherein the solution is 0.3 wt % poly 3-hexyl thiophene in dichloromethane.6. The method of further including doping the poly 3-hexyl thiophene with iodine to improve its conductivity. The present application is a continuation of PCT Application No. PCT/US2011/045747, filed on Jul. 28, 2011 and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/373,298 filed on Aug. 13, 2010 both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.This invention was made with government support under Grant number NBCHC 0080001, awarded by the Department of the Interior. The government has certain rights in the invention.This invention relates to electrically conducting polymers and more particularly to a method for joining portions of electrically conducting polymers.Conducting polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy) have many uses resulting primarily from the fact that the polymers are flexible and can be made into thin films among other geometries. Those with skill in the art will recognize that flexible ...

DEVICES AND METHODS INCLUDING POLYACETYLENES

Embodiments described herein relate to compositions, devices, and methods for storage of energy (e.g., electrical energy). In some cases, devices including polyacetylene-containing polymers are provided. 1. An electrical energy storage device , comprising:a first electrode comprising a polymer comprising a substituted or unsubstituted polyacetylene;a second electrode in electrochemical communication with the first electrode;a porous separator material arranged between the first and second electrodes; andan electrolyte in electrochemical communication with the first and second electrodes.2. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is a substantially free of metal-containing species.3. An electrical energy storage device as claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprising the substituted or unsubstituted polyacetylene is synthesized in the presence of a fluid carrier.4. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 3 , wherein the polymer comprising the substituted or unsubstituted polyacetylene is formed into a film.5. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the first electrode includes an active layer having a thickness in the range of about 0.01 mm to about 1 mm.6. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is a substantially free of lithium-containing species or lithium ion-containing species.7. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is in liquid form.8. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is an ionic liquid.9. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is an ethylene carbonate solution or a propylene carbonate solution claim 1 , the solution comprising a salt having the formula claim 1 , [(R)N][X] claim 1 , wherein X is (PF) claim 1 , (BF) claim 1 , (SOR) claim 1 , (RSO—N—SOR) claim 1 , CFCO claim 1 , (CF)CO claim 1 , or (CF)CHO) claim 1 , wherein R is alkyl and Ris alkyl ...

Electric Motor

A rotary and linear motion device includes a magnetic stator assembly, opposed electromagnetic actuators, and a linear-to-rotary converter (e.g., cam). Each electromagnetic actuator includes a coil that is configured to reciprocate relative to the magnetic stator assembly or to linearly translate in a common direction relative to the magnetic stator assembly. The electromagnetic actuators are coupled to the linear-to-rotary converter and upon reciprocation or linear translation, drive the linear-to-rotary converter in rotary or linear motion. The device may be located inside a wheel, which may be part of a vehicle. If part of a wheel of a vehicle, the device can be used to provide propulsion, steering, braking, and suspension for the vehicle.

Dynamic pressure control in a battery assembly

Operating a battery assembly that includes one or more rechargeable battery cells includes: monitoring one or more operational parameters of the battery cells; and dynamically controlling pressure applied to the one or more battery cells based at least in part on one or more of the monitored operational parameters.

CONFORMABLE ANTENNA USING CONDUCTING POLYMERS

Antenna including a wire made of a conducting polymer. The wire is sewn into fabric material in a selected pattern. A preferred conducing polymer is polypyrrole. It is also preferred that the wire be encased in a non-conductive, low dielectric plastic. 1. Antenna comprising a wire made of a conducting polymer , the wire sewn into fabric material in a selected pattern.2. The antenna of wherein the conducting polymer is polypyrrole.3. The antenna of wherein the wire is encased in a non-conductive claim 1 , low dielectric plastic.4. The antenna of wherein the fabric material includes a hook-and-loop portion for attachment to another object.5. The antenna of wherein the object is an article of clothing.6. The antenna of further including connecting the wire to a proximal end of a coaxial cable.7. The antenna of wherein a distal end of the coaxial cable includes a connector for interface with a radio device.8. The antenna of wherein the fabric material is enclosed in a weather-proof casing.9. The antenna of wherein the proximal end of the coaxial cable is strain relieved within the fabric material.10. Method of making a conducting polymer wire comprising:growing a thin film of conductive polymer on a crucible; andslicing the polymer in a helical pattern to form a wire with a selected width. The present application is a continuation of PCT application No. PCT/US2011/045743, filed on Jul. 28, 2011, that claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. U.S. 61/373,343, filed on Aug. 13, 2010, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.This invention was made with government support under Contract No. W911NF-07-D-0004 awarded by the Army Research Office and under Contract No. NBCHC0080001 awarded by the U.S. Department of Interior. The government has certain rights in this invention.This invention relates to antennas and more particularly to a conformable antenna made from a conducting polymer.Soldiers performing dismounted operations in ...

IRREGULAR EXCITATION OF OPTICAL SENSORS

A material is excited with light whose intensity is modulated according to a modulation signal. The modulation signal includes multiple transitions between at least two intensity levels, with times of at least a first contiguous sequence of the transitions being selected according to an irregular pattern. A response of the material to the excitation is detected. 1. An apparatus for performing a measurement , the apparatus comprising:a light source configured to excite a material with light whose intensity is modulated according to a modulation signal, the modulation signal including multiple transitions between at least two intensity levels, with times of at least a first contiguous sequence of the transitions being selected according to an irregular pattern; anda detector configured to detect a response of the material to the excitation.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising the material claim 1 , where the material has an optical response that is sensitive to a characteristic of an environment and is characterized by at least one time parameter.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , the wherein the irregular pattern comprises a pattern having an median time between adjacent transitions claim 2 , over the time span covered by the first contiguous sequence of the transitions claim 2 , less than the time parameter claim 2 , and having a repetition period greater than twice the time parameter.4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the time parameter is based on an exponential time constant that characterizes decay of fluorescence emission from the material after being excited by light.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the modulation signal has a peak intensity level that is less than about ten times a root mean square intensity level over the time span covered by the first contiguous sequence of the transitions claim 4 , and the irregular pattern has a repetition period greater than about ten times the exponential time constant.6. The apparatus of claim 4 , ...

ENDOSCOPIC IMAGING SYSTEM

An endoscopic imaging system includes a reusable control cabinet having a number of actuators that control the orientation of a lightweight endoscope that is connectable thereto. The endoscope is used with a single patient and is then disposed. The endoscope includes an illumination mechanism, an image sensor and an elongate shaft having one or more lumens located therein. A polymeric articulation joint at the distal end of the endoscope allows the distal end to be oriented by the control cabinet. The endoscope is coated with a hydrophilic coating that reduces its coefficient of friction and because it is lightweight, requires less force to advance it to a desired location within a patient. 1. An articulation joint for use in a steerable medical device , comprisinga number of stacked annular rings, each ring having a pair of convex cams extending outwardly from a first surface of the ring and a pair of inwardly extending concave pockets positioned on a second surface of the ring such that the convex cams of an adjacent annular ring fit within the concave pockets.2. The articulation joint of claim 1 , wherein the annular rings include holes for the passage of control cables.3. The articulation joint of claim 2 , wherein the holes are aligned with the convex cams and concave pockets.4. The articulation joint of claim 2 , wherein the holes are offset from the convex cams and concave pockets.5. The articulation joint of claim 3 , wherein the holes extending through the convex cams form a slot at the edge of the convex cams.6. The articulation joint of claim 5 , wherein the holes have a flared shape with a first width on a side of the annular ring opposite a convex cam and a width that expands to form the slot as the hole extends through the convex cam.7. The articulation joint of claim 1 , wherein each annular ring is made of a polymer.8. The articulation joint of claim 7 , wherein the polymer is one of the polyurethane claim 7 , polypropylene claim 7 , or polyethylene. ...

Controlled Needle-Free Transport

A needle-free transdermal transport device for transferring a substance across a surface of a biological body includes a reservoir for storing the substance, a nozzle in fluid communication with the reservoir and a controllable electromagnetic actuator in communication with the reservoir. The actuator, referred to as a Lorentz force actuator, includes a stationary magnet assembly and a moving coil assembly. The coil assembly moves a piston having an end portion positioned within the reservoir. The actuator receives an electrical input and generates in response a corresponding force acting on the piston and causing a needle-free transfer of the substance between the reservoir and the biological body. The magnitude, direction and duration of the force are dynamically controlled (e.g., servo-controlled) by the electrical input and can be altered during the course of an actuation cycle. Beneficially, the actuator can be moved in different directions according to the electrical input. 1. A needle-free injector device for injecting a substance into a biological body , said device comprising:a reservoir for storing the substance;a nozzle in fluid communication with the reservoir;an electromagnetic actuator in mechanical communication with the reservoir; anda servo-controller for controlling the actuator, the servo-controller during operation causing the actuator to generate a force which produces a needle-free injection of the substance from the reservoir, through the nozzle, and into the biological body at an injection pressure determined by the force, and wherein the servo-controller is adapted to dynamically vary the force generated by the actuator during the injection.2. The injector device of claim 1 , wherein the actuator comprises a moving part and a stationary part claim 1 , wherein the moving part is in mechanical communication with the reservoir and moves in response to an input signal supplied to the actuator.3. The injector device of claim 2 , wherein the ...

TIP ACTUATED DISPOSABLE ENDOSCOPE

The present invention relates to an endoscope having a motorized assembly to control the distal end of an endoscope. Preferred embodiments can include disposable and reusable components. The system reduces the force need to control the tip of the endoscope and thereby reduce the risk of perforation′. 1. An endoscope comprising:an endoscope body for insertion within a body lumen including an elongated endoscope body having a body module section, a motorized section and a flexible section, the motorized section being actuated to control deflection of the flexible section.2. The endoscope of further comprising a handle coupled to a proximal end of the endoscope body.3. The endoscope of further comprising a camera assembly mounted at a distal end of the endoscope.4. The endoscope of wherein the motorized section comprises a motor and a gear assembly.5. The endoscope of wherein the motorized section is coupled to the flexible section with a cable.6. The endoscope of wherein the motorized section comprises a second motor.7. The endoscope of wherein the handle is connected to a computer.8. The endoscope of wherein the handle comprises an actuator device that controls the motorized section.9. The endoscope of wherein the flexible section comprises a plurality of turning modules.10. The endoscope of further comprising a converter module that couples a motor module to a turning module.11. The endoscope of wherein the motorized section comprises a stepper motor connected to the flexible section with a cable and/or a flexible threaded rod.12. The endoscope of further comprising a second stepper motor connected to a second cable.13. The endoscope of wherein the flexible section is connected to the motorized section with a connector.14. The endoscope of wherein the body module section is connected to the motorized section with a connector.15. The endoscope of further comprising a distal housing connected to the flexible section with a connector.16. The endoscope of further ...

INSTRUMENTED PACKETS FOR TESTING CHARGE STORAGE DEVICES

A sachet includes a first wing made of a flexible material and having a first perimeter region circumscribing a first central region; a second wing made of the flexible material; a hinge connecting the first and second wings along a common boundary; an adhesive material applied to the perimeter region on the first wing; a first electrically conducting electrode formed on the first wing within the central region of the perimeter region; a second electrically conducting electrode formed on the second wing in a region that is opposed to and in alignment with the first contact area on the first wing; an array of contact pads formed on at least one of the first and second wings; first and second conducting traces electrically connecting first and second groups of one or more contact pads among the array of contact pads to the first and second electrodes, respectively. 1. A sachet comprising:a first wing made of a flexible material, said first wing having a first perimeter region circumscribing a first central region;a second wing made of said flexible material;a hinge connecting the first and second wings along a common boundary;an adhesive material applied to the perimeter region on the first wing;a first electrically conducting electrode formed on the first wing within the central region of the perimeter region;a second electrically conducting electrode formed on the second wing in a region that is opposed to and in alignment with the first contact area on the first wing;an array of contact pads formed on at least one of the first and second wings;a first conducting trace electrically connecting a first group of one or more contact pads among the array of contact pads to the first electrode; anda second conducting trace electrically connecting a second group of one or more contact pads among the array of contact pads to the second electrode.2. The sachet of claim 1 , wherein the hinge is made of flexible material with a row of perforations formed therein.3. The sachet ...

MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT FOR TESTING CHARGE STORAGE DEVICES

A test instrument for use with a sample having a plurality of electrically conducting contact pads, the instrument including: a controllable, variable force linear actuator; a probe assembly operated by the linear actuator, the probe assembly having a probe head at one end with a surface for contacting the sample; a movable contactor assembly including a plurality of contacts for electrically contacting the plurality of contact pads on the sample; a housing on which the linear actuator and contactor assembly are mounted, the housing having an identified area for holding the sample during testing; a position sensor assembly for measuring changes in the position of the probe; and a sensor for measuring a force applied to the sample by the probe head. 1. A test instrument for use with a sample having a plurality of electrically conducting contact pads , said instrument comprising:a controllable, variable force linear actuator;a probe assembly operated by the linear actuator, said probe assembly having a probe head at one end with a surface for contacting the sample;a movable contactor assembly including a plurality of contacts for electrically contacting the plurality of contact pads on the sample;a housing on which the linear actuator and contactor assembly are mounted, said housing having an identified area for holding the sample during testing;a position sensor assembly for measuring changes in the position of the probe; anda sensor for measuring a force applied to the sample by the probe head.2. The test instrument of claim 1 , wherein the linear actuator is a pneumatic actuator.3. The test instrument of claim 2 , wherein the pneumatic actuator comprises an air bearing cylinder.4. The test instrument of claim 3 , wherein the sensor for measuring the force applied to the sample by the probe head is a pressure sensor arranged to measure a pressure of gas applied to the pneumatic actuator.5. The test instrument of claim 1 , wherein the linear actuator is an ...

Bi-Directional Motion of a Lorentz-Force Actuated Needle-Free Injector (NFI)

The present invention relate to a method and corresponding apparatus for just in time mixing of a solid or powdered formulation and its subsequent delivery to a biological body. In some embodiments, a powdered formulation is maintained in a first chamber of a plurality of chambers. A plurality of electromagnetic actuators are in communication with the plurality of chambers. The actuators, when activated, generate a pressure within at least the first chamber. The pressure results in mixing of the powdered formulation and a diluent in time for delivering into the biological body. 1. A method for delivering a drug through a tissue into a biological body , the method comprising:providing the drug in a chamber; andusing a bi-directional electromagnetic actuator to (1) fluidize the drug in a gas inside the chamber, and (2) to eject the fluidized drug through a nozzle with sufficient pressure to penetrate the tissue of the biological body.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein using a bi-directional electromagnetic actuator comprises using a bi-directional Lorentz-Force electromagnetic actuator.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the drug is a powdered drug.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the drug is a solid particulate material.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising supporting the drug inside the chamber on a perforated plate prior to fluidizing the drug in a gas.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein fluidizing the drug involves oscillating the actuator to facilitate fluidization of the drug in the gas.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein fluidizing comprises using the bi-directional electromagnetic actuator to vibrate the gas inside the chamber to aid in fluidizing the drug in the gas.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising supplying the gas to the chamber before fluidizing the drug in the gas. This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/960,405, filed Dec. 3, 2010, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/879,787 filed Sep. 10 ...

Fast Torsional Artificial Muscles from Twisted Yarns of Shape Memory Material

A torsional actuator formed of a yarn of twisted shape memory material. The yarn has multiple strands of homogeneous shape memory material that have been homochirally twisted. For torsional actuation, a fractional portion of the yarn is heated such as by Joule heating. Various Joule heating mechanisms include passing an electrical current through an unwound segment of the yarn, or by coating a fractional portion of the length of each homogeneous strand with a coating material of higher electrical conductivity than the electrical conductivity of the shape memory material an passing current through the length of the yarn. The shape memory material may be a shape memory alloy such as a NiTi alloy. 1. A torsional actuator comprising:a yarn comprising a homochirally twisted plurality of homogeneous strands of shape memory material; anda controller for programmable heating of at least a portion of the yarn.2. A torsional actuator in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the programmable heating includes Joule heating.3. A torsional actuator in accordance with claim 2 , wherein the Joule heating includes electrical current flow traversing an entire length of the yarn.4. A torsional actuator in accordance with claim 1 , wherein a fractional portion of a length of each homogeneous strand is coated with a coating material of higher electrical conductivity than the an electrical conductivity of the shape memory material.5. A torsional actuator in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the homochirally twisted plurality of homogeneous strands includes at least two strands of shape memory alloy.6. A torsional actuator in accordance with claim 5 , wherein the shape memory alloy includes an alloy comprising nickel and titanium.7. A torsional actuator in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the shape memory material is nitinol microwire.8. A method for torsional actuation claim 1 , the method comprising differentially heating portions of a twisted yarn comprising homochirally twisted ...

ELECTRIC COIL AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE

Instead of being made from one continuous piece of material, a coil includes multiple flat coil segments that are stacked together and electrically coupled in series. In many embodiments, the coil segments are U-shaped segments, and the segments are arranged so that each segment is rotated (e.g., by 270 degrees) with respect the segment it follows. The stacked coils may then be fastened together using, for example, bolts through the corners of the coil segments. The combined coil segments form a continuous coil. 1. A method of manufacturing an electric coil assembly , said method comprising:obtaining a plurality of electrically conducting coil segments, wherein each coil segment of the plurality of coil segments has a first hole located at one end and a second hole located at a second end;stacking the plurality of electrically conducting coil segments together to form an electric coil in which the plurality of electrically conducting coil segments are electrically connected together end-to-end and in series with the holes of the connected ends being aligned with each other to form aligned holes; andholding the stacked coil segments together with a plurality of fasteners extending through the aligned holes of the coil segments of the electric coil, wherein said plurality of fasteners do not provide any electrically conductive paths between any of the coil segments of the electric coil.2. A method as in wherein obtaining the plurality of electrically conducting coil segments involves fabricating the plurality of electrically conducting coil segments.3. A method as in wherein (i) fabricating the plurality of electrically conducting coil segments includes fabricating multiple U-shaped coil segments and (ii) stacking includes rotating each coil segment 270 degrees with respect to the coil segment it follows.4. A method as in further including coating portions of each of the coil segments with an electrically-insulating material.5. A method as in further including ...

Nonlinear System Identification Techniques and Devices For Discovering Dynamic And Static Tissue Properties

A device for measuring a mechanical property of a tissue includes a probe configured to perturb the tissue with movement relative to a surface of the tissue, an actuator coupled to the probe to move the probe, a detector configured to measure a response of the tissue to the perturbation, and a controller coupled to the actuator and the detector. The controller drives the actuator using a stochastic sequence and determines the mechanical property of the tissue using the measured response received from the detector. The probe can be coupled to the tissue surface. The device can include a reference surface configured to contact the tissue surface. The probe may include a set of interchangeable heads, the set including a head for lateral movement of the probe and a head for perpendicular movement of the probe. The perturbation can include extension of the tissue with the probe or sliding the probe across the tissue surface and may also include indentation of the tissue with the probe. In some embodiments, the actuator includes a Lorentz force linear actuator. The mechanical property may be determined using non-linear stochastic system identification. The mechanical property may be indicative of, for example, tissue compliance and tissue elasticity. The device can further include a handle for manual application of the probe to the surface of the tissue and may include an accelerometer detecting an orientation of the probe. The device can be used to test skin tissue of an animal, plant tissue, such as fruit and vegetables, or any other biological tissue. 1. A device for measuring a mechanical property of a tissue , the device comprising:a probe configured with a probe surface for contacting a surface of the tissue;an actuator coupled to the probe for moving the probe laterally with respect to the surface of the tissue;a detector configured to measure a response of the tissue to the lateral movement of the probe; anda controller coupled to the actuator and the detector, ...

High-Performance Supercapacitors Based on Metal Nanowire Yarns

An energy-storage device is formed from a first and a second yarn, each yarn including a plurality of nanowires including aluminum and/or a transition metal. An anode pad is in contact with the first yarn and a cathode pad is in contact with the second yarn. Alternatively, first and second metallic electrodes may be disposed substantially in parallel, with pluralities of nanowires including aluminum and/or a transition metal extending therefrom. In another embodiment, a supercapacitor may include a niobium yarn including a plurality of niobium nanowires. Each niobium nanowire may include at least (i) a first section comprising at least one of unoxidized niobium and niobium oxide; (ii) a second section comprises a niobium pentoxide layer; and (iii) a third section comprises a layer formed by coating the niobium nanowire in at least one of a conductive polymer and a liquid metal.

METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND APPARATUS FOR IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY

Imaging spectrometers can be used to generate hyperspectral images for medical diagnoses, contaminant detection, and food safety inspections, among other applications. An exemplary imaging spectrometer includes an integrated position sensing array that measures the relative positions of the interferometer components based on an interference pattern generated by illuminating the interferometer with a reference beam. Such an imaging spectrometer includes a processor that controls the interferometer component position by actuating a voice coil and several piezo-electric elements to align the components with respect to each other and to provide a desired optical path length mismatch between the interferometer arms. In some cases, the processor may use feedback and feed forward control, possibly based on the actuators' transfer functions, for more precise positioning. The processor may also implement adaptive and recursive spectral sampling to reduce the image acquisition period. 1. A system for imaging spectroscopy of an object , the system comprising:an interferometer, in optical communication with the object, to delay a first portion of an object beam from the object with respect to a second portion of the object beam by a delay period, the delay period proportional to a optical path length difference defined by a first optical element and a second optical element;a first detector array, in optical communication with the interferometer, to sense at least one object interference pattern between the first portion of the object beam and the second portion of the object beam, the at least one object interference pattern representing a spectroscopic image of at least a portion of the object;a reference beam source, in optical communication with the interferometer, to illuminate the first optical element with a first portion of a reference beam and the second optical element with a second portion of the reference beam; anda second detector array, in optical communication ...

Injection Methods Using A Servo-Controlled Needle-Free Injector

A method for injecting a substance through a biological body surface includes providing a needle-free transdermal transport device configured to inject the substance through the surface. The substance is injected into the biological body with the transport device while a parameter of the injection is sensed and a servo-controller is used to dynamically adjust at least one injection characteristic based on the sensed parameter. The substance is injected for (i) a first time period during which a first portion of a volume of the substance is injected at a first injection pressure, and (ii) a second time period during which a remainder of the volume of the substance is injected at a second injection pressure. A viscosity of the substance may be determined, and a pressure calculated for injecting the substance based on the viscosity. The substance may be injected with the transport device by using the calculated pressure. 1. A method for injecting a substance through a surface of a biological body , the method comprising the steps of:providing a needle-free transdermal transport device configured to inject the substance through the surface of the biological body; and (i) sensing at least one parameter associated with the injection, the at least one parameter comprising temperature of the injected substance; and', '(ii) using a servo-controller to dynamically adjust at least one injection characteristic based on the at least one parameter, the servo-controller adjusting an injection profile during the injection in response to the at least one Parameter,, 'injecting the substance into the biological body with the transport device while'}wherein the substance is injected according to the injection profile for (i) a first time period during which a first portion of a volume of the substance is injected at the first injection pressure, and (ii) a second time period during which a remainder of the volume of the substance is injected at a second injection pressure.2. The ...

DEVICES AND METHODS INCLUDING POLYACETYLENES

Embodiments described herein relate to compositions, devices, and methods for storage of energy (e.g., electrical energy). In some cases, devices including polyacetylene-containing polymers are provided. 1. An electrical energy storage device , comprising:a first electrode comprising a polymer comprising a substituted or unsubstituted polyacetylene;a second electrode in electrochemical communication with the first electrode;a porous separator material arranged between the first and second electrodes; andan electrolyte in electrochemical communication with the first and second electrodes.2. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is a substantially free of metal-containing species.3. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprising the substituted or unsubstituted polyacetylene is synthesized in the presence of a fluid carrier.45-. (canceled)6. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is a substantially free of lithium-containing species or lithium ion-containing species.78-. (canceled)9. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is an ethylene carbonate solution or a propylene carbonate solution claim 1 , the solution comprising a salt having the formula claim 1 , [(R)N][X] claim 1 , wherein X is (PF) claim 1 , (BF) claim 1 , (SOR) claim 1 , (RSO—N—SOR) claim 1 , CFCO claim 1 , (CF)CO claim 1 , or (CF)CHO) claim 1 , wherein R is alkyl and Ris alkyl claim 1 , aryl claim 1 , fluorinated alkyl claim 1 , or fluorinated aryl.10. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the substituted or unsubstituted polyacetylene polymer is arranged as an n-type material.11. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the substituted or unsubstituted polyacetylene polymer is arranged as a p-type material.1220-. (canceled)22. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 21 , wherein R claim 21 , R claim 21 , R ...

MULTI-BAR LINKAGE ELECTRIC DRIVE SYSTEM

An electric drive system including: a rotary motor system including a hub assembly, a first rotating assembly, a second rotating assembly, and a third rotating assembly, wherein the hub assembly defines a rotational axis about which the first rotating assembly, the second rotating assembly, and the third rotating assembly are coaxially aligned and are capable of independent rotational movement independent of each other; a multi-bar linkage mechanism connected to each of the first and third rotating assemblies and connected to the hub assembly and constraining movement of the hub assembly so that the rotational axis of the hub assembly moves along a defined path that is in a transverse direction relative to the rotational axis and wherein the multi-bar linkage mechanism causes the rotational axis of the hub assembly to translate along the defined path in response to relative rotation of the first rotating assembly and the third rotating assembly with respect to each other. 1. An electric drive system comprising:a rotary motor system comprising a hub assembly, a first rotating assembly, a second rotating assembly, and a third rotating assembly, wherein the hub assembly defines a rotational axis and wherein each of the first rotating assembly, the second rotating assembly, and the third rotating assembly is coaxially aligned with the rotational axis and is capable of rotational movement about the rotational axis independent of each other; anda multi-bar linkage mechanism connected to each of the first and third rotating assemblies and connected to the hub assembly, said multi-bar linkage mechanism constraining movement of the hub assembly so that the rotational axis of the hub assembly moves along a defined path that is in a transverse direction relative to the rotational axis and wherein the multi-bar linkage mechanism causes the rotational axis of the hub assembly to translate along the defined path in response to relative rotation of the first rotating assembly and ...

GUIDED MULTI-BAR LINKAGE ELECTRIC DRIVE SYSTEM

An electric drive system including: a rotary motor system including a hub assembly, a first rotating assembly, a second rotating assembly, and a third rotating assembly, wherein the hub assembly defines a rotational axis about which the first rotating assembly, the second rotating assembly, and the third rotating assembly are coaxially aligned and are capable of independent rotational movement independent of each other; a mechanical guide system supporting the hub assembly and constraining movement of the hub assembly so that the rotational axis of the hub assembly moves along a defined path that is in a transverse direction relative to the rotational axis; and a multi-bar linkage mechanism connecting to each of the first and third rotating assemblies and connecting the hub assembly to the mechanical guide system, wherein the multi-bar linkage mechanism causes the rotational axis of the hub assembly to translate along the defined path in response to relative rotation of the first rotating assembly and third rotating assembly with respect to each other. 1. An electric drive system comprising:a rotary motor system comprising a hub assembly, a first rotating assembly, a second rotating assembly, and a third rotating assembly, wherein the hub assembly defines a rotational axis and wherein each of the first rotating assembly, the second rotating assembly, and the third rotating assembly is coaxially aligned with the rotational axis and is capable of independent rotational movement about the rotational axis independent of each other;a mechanical guide system supporting the hub assembly and constraining movement of the hub assembly so that the rotational axis of the hub assembly moves along a defined path that is in a transverse direction relative to the rotational axis; anda multi-bar linkage mechanism connecting to each of the first and third rotating assemblies and connecting the hub assembly to the mechanical guide system, wherein the multi-bar linkage mechanism causes ...

ENDOSCOPIC IMAGING SYSTEM

An endoscopic imaging system includes a reusable control cabinet having a number of actuators that control the orientation of a lightweight endoscope that is connectable thereto. The endoscope is used with a single patient and is then disposed. The endoscope includes an illumination mechanism, an image sensor and an elongate shaft having one or more lumens located therein. A polymeric articulation joint at the distal end of the endoscope allows the distal end to be oriented by the control cabinet. The endoscope is coated with a hydrophilic coating that reduces its coefficient of friction and because it is lightweight, requires less force to advance it to a desired location within a patient. 114-. (canceled)15. A medical device configured for insertion into a patient , the medical device comprising:a shaft;one or more fluid channels extending through the shaft; and one or more electronic components; and', a base holding the one or more electronic components, and', 'at least on fluid channel extending proximate to the base., 'a heat sink including], 'a distal tip, the distal tip comprising16. The medical device of claim 15 , wherein the base extends transverse to a distal face of the distal tip.17. The medical device of claim 15 , wherein the heatsink is made of a heat dissipating material and/or a biocompatible metal.18. The medical device of claim 15 , wherein the one or more electronic components are mounted to the base via a thermally conductive adhesive.19. The medical device of claim 15 , wherein the one or more electronic components include one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs) and/or one or more image sensors.20. The medical device of claim 15 , further comprising at least one irrigation port oriented to direct fluid over the one or more electronic components.21. The medical device of claim 15 , wherein the one or more fluid channels include 1) a first fluid lumen configured to deliver fluid to the heatsink and 2) a second fluid lumen configured to deliver ...

AXIAL FLUX MOTOR

An electric motor including: a hub assembly defining a rotational axis; a magnetic rotor assembly; a first coil stator assembly; a second coil stator assembly; and a system of rotor bearings rotatably supporting each of the magnetic rotor assembly, the first coil stator assembly, and the second coil stator assembly on the hub assembly so that each of the magnetic rotor assembly, the first coil stator assembly, and the second coil stator assembly are rotatable about the rotational axis independently of each other. 1. An electric motor comprising:a hub assembly defining a rotational axis;a magnetic rotor assembly;a first coil stator assembly;a second coil stator assembly; anda system of rotor bearings rotatably supporting each of the magnetic rotor assembly, the first coil stator assembly, and the second coil stator assembly on the hub assembly so that each of the magnetic rotor assembly, the first coil stator assembly, and the second coil stator assembly are rotatable about the rotational axis independently of each other.2. The electric motor of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic rotor assembly claim 1 , the first coil stator assembly claim 1 , and the second coil stator assembly form an axial flux motor.3. The electric motor of claim 2 , wherein the system of rotor bearings comprises a first bearing supporting the first coil stator assembly on the hub assembly.4. The electric motor of claim 3 , wherein the system of rotor bearings comprises a second bearing supporting the second coil stator assembly on the hub assembly.5. The electric motor of claim 1 , wherein the system of rotor bearings comprises a third bearing supporting the magnetic rotor assembly on the hub assembly.6. The electric motor of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic rotor assembly comprises a plurality of magnets arrayed around the rotational axis.7. The electric motor of claim 6 , wherein the plurality of magnets are oriented to generate an axially directed magnetic field.8. The electric motor of claim 6 , ...

NOZZLE FOR USE IN AN ULTRA-HIGH VELOCITY INJECTION DEVICE

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is a nozzle, for use in an injection device, that projects material at an ultra-high velocity. The nozzle includes an integrally formed body having an interior passageway that has a longitudinal axis. The input of the nozzle is configured to interface with a cartridge, and the output is configured to be placed proximate to a target. The passageway includes a taper, and its path length, from an initial diameter to a position along the passageway where the passageway first reaches a smallest diameter, is at least 0.5 mm. The taper of the passageway defines a shape, in a plane that includes the longitudinal axis, that is a continuous and monotonically decreasing function of distance along the longitudinal axis in a direction of flow through the nozzle. 115-. (canceled)16. A method of forming a micro beam of injectate , the method comprising: forcing the injectate through a passageway within a nozzle having a longitudinal axis and an exit orifice that is less than about 300 μm in diameter and located at a point where the passageway achieves its smallest diameter , to produce an axial flow of injectate at the exit orifice of at least about 100 m/s; and while forcing the injectate through the passageway within the nozzle , constricting the cross-sectional area of the flow of the injectate in a smooth and continuous manner as the injectate moves toward the exit orifice , so as to produce the micro beam of injectate and to produce , at the exit orifice , flow of injectate characterized by a radial velocity component that is less than about 50% of an axial velocity component.17. The method of wherein the nozzle has a taper governed by the equation{'br': None, 'i': y=−', 'e, 'sup': '−0.0031372x', '15.8+1515.8.'}18. The method of further comprising constricting the cross-sectional area of the flow of the injectate so as to produce claim 16 , at the exit orifice claim 16 , flow of injectate characterized by a radial velocity component ...

NONLINEAR SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION FOR OBJECT DETECTION IN A WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER SYSTEM

A method of detecting whether a foreign object is near a transmit coil in a wireless power transfer system (WPTS), the method involving: applying a pseudo-random signal to the transmit coil; while the pseudo-random signal is being applied to the transmit coil, recording one or more signals produced within the WPTS in response to the applied pseudo-random signal; by using the one or more recorded signals, generating a dynamic system model for some aspect of the WPTS; and using the generated dynamic system model in combination with stored training data to determine whether an object having characteristics recognizable from the stored training data as characteristic of the foreign object is near the transmit coil. 1. A method of detecting whether a foreign object is near a transmit coil in a wireless power transfer system (WPTS) , said method comprising:applying a pseudo-random signal to the transmit coil;while the pseudo-random signal is being applied to the transmit coil, recording one or more signals produced within the WPTS in response to the applied pseudo-random signal;by using the one or more recorded signals, generating a dynamic system model for some aspect of the WPTS; andusing the generated dynamic system model in combination with stored training data to determine whether an object having characteristics recognizable from the stored training data as characteristic of the foreign object is near the transmit coil.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , if an object having characteristics recognizable from the stored training data as characteristic of the foreign object is determined to be near the transmit coil claim 1 , generating a control signal indicating that wireless charging is not to take place.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , if an object having characteristics recognizable from the stored training data as characteristic of the foreign object is determined to be near the transmit coil claim 1 , terminating ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR STOCHASTICALLY MODULATED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

Disclosed herein are systems and methods of obtaining a derivative Raman spectrum using an excitation or Raman pump beam whose wavelength is modulated in any suitable manner such as, for example, stochastically. Shifting the wavelength of the input excitation by a small amount in approaches like SERDS can isolate the Raman scatter from other spectral artifacts and reduce the false detection rate. For example, an input excitation sequence can be correlated with the response of an individual pixel of a detector. From this, pixels that have captured Raman scattered photons can be separated from pixels capturing non-Raman photons. These techniques can be expanded to other fields and/or types of spectroscopies that utilize a dispersive element detector with time-dependent spectral features.

NONLINEAR SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION FOR OPTIMIZATION OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER

A method of detecting whether a receiver coil is near a transmit coil in a wireless power transfer system (WPTS), the method involving: applying a pseudo-random signal to the transmit coil; while the pseudo-random signal is being applied to the transmit coil, recording one or more signals produced within the WPTS in response to the applied pseudo-random signal; by using the one or more recorded signals, generating a dynamic system model for some aspect of the WPTS; and using the generated dynamic system model in combination with stored training data to determine whether an object having characteristics distinguishing the object as a receiver coil is near the transmit coil. 1. A method of detecting whether a receiver coil is near a transmit coil in a wireless power transfer system (WPTS) , said method comprising:applying a pseudo-random signal to the transmit coil;while the pseudo-random signal is being applied to the transmit coil, recording one or more signals produced within the WPTS in response to the applied pseudo-random signal;by using the one or more recorded signals, generating a dynamic system model for some aspect of the WPTS; andusing the generated dynamic system model in combination with stored training data to determine whether an object having characteristics distinguishing the object as a receiver coil is near the transmit coil.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , if the receiver coil is determined to be near the transmit coil claim 1 , initiating a wireless power transfer through the transmit coil to the receiver coil.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pseudo-random signal is a pseudo-random voltage signal.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pseudo-random signal is sufficiently strong to stimulate nonlinearities in a receiver system connected to the receiver coil.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the one or more signals includes a current signal of the transmit coil.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the one or more signals ...

NONLINEAR SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES AND DEVICES FOR DISCOVERING DYNAMIC AND STATIC TISSUE PROPERTIES

A device for measuring a mechanical property of a tissue includes a probe configured to perturb the tissue with movement relative to a surface of the tissue, an actuator coupled to the probe to move the probe, a detector configured to measure a response of the tissue to the perturbation, and a controller coupled to the actuator and the detector. The controller drives the actuator using a stochastic sequence and determines the mechanical property of the tissue using the measured response received from the detector. The probe can be coupled to the tissue surface. The device can include a reference surface configured to contact the tissue surface. The probe may include a set of interchangeable heads, the set including a head for lateral movement of the probe and a head for perpendicular movement of the probe. The perturbation can include extension of the tissue with the probe or sliding the probe across the tissue surface and may also include indentation of the tissue with the probe. In some embodiments, the actuator includes a Lorentz force linear actuator. The mechanical property may be determined using non-linear stochastic system identification. The mechanical property may be indicative of, for example, tissue compliance and tissue elasticity. The device can further include a handle for manual application of the probe to the surface of the tissue and may include an accelerometer detecting an orientation of the probe. The device can be used to test skin tissue of an animal, plant tissue, such as fruit and vegetables, or any other biological tissue. 1. A device for measuring a mechanical property of a tissue for needle-free injection , the device comprising:a probe configured to contact a surface of the tissue;an actuator coupled to the probe to move the probe laterally with respect to the surface of the tissue;a detector configured to measure a response of the tissue to the lateral movement of the probe;a controller coupled to the actuator and the detector, the ...

CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT CHROMATOGRAPHY AND METHOD OF CONTINUOUS STOCHASTIC PERTURBATION CHROMATOGRAPHY

A method and system for continuous measurement chromatograph involves stochastically modulating a system variable. The sample can be introduced into a chromatography column. The sample introduction can be modulated stochastically. The sample output from the column can be detected and processed with the stochastic input to provide a sample analysis. 1. A method for performing chromatography , comprising:a) introducing a sample into a chromatography column;b) modulating at least one sample variable with a stochastic input;c) detecting a sample output from the column; andd) processing the detected output with the stochastic input to provide a sample analysis.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the variable modulated is sample injection.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein a constant sample volume is introduced at stochastically timed intervals.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein a constant volume per unit time is introduced according to a stochastic binary sequence.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein modulating further comprises a stochastic sequence ranging from zero to a predetermined value.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein sample volume varies according to the numerical value of the stochastic sequence.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the numerical value corresponds to the total volume introduced.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the numerical value indicates the volume per unit time at which the sample is introduced.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the variable modulated is sample temperature.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the variable modulated is column temperature.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the variable modulated is column pressure.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the variable modulated is a stochastic switching of the sample passing between two or more chromatographic columns or mediums.13. The method of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of sample inputs are introduced into a column claim 1 , each sample input being independently controlled by a ...

MINIMIZATION OF TORQUE RIPPLE

Systems and methods of operating an electric motor including a first linear actuator including a first coil, a second linear actuator including a second coil, a rotational shaft, a cam assembly mounted on said rotational shaft for translating linear movement of the first and second linear actuators to rotational movement of the rotational shaft. The first coil is driven with a first signal that produces a first radially-directed force. The second coil is simultaneously driven with a second signal that produces a second radially-directed force, wherein the first radially-directed force is represented by a sine function and the second radially-directed force is represented by the sine function phase shifted by ±π/2 radians. 1. A method of operating an electric motor including a first linear actuator including a first coil , a second linear actuator including a second coil , a rotational shaft , a cam assembly mounted on said rotational shaft for translating linear movement of the first and second linear actuators to rotational movement of the rotational shaft , said method comprising:driving the first coil with a first drive signal that produces a first torque on the rotational shaft;simultaneously driving the second coil with a second drive signal that produces a second torque on the rotational shaft,wherein the sum of the first torque and the second torque produces a total torque, andwherein the first drive signal and the second drive signal are selected to result in the total torque being substantially ripple free throughout a complete rotation of the rotational shaft.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first drive signal varies periodically over a complete rotation of the rotational shaft and the second drive signal varies periodically over the complete rotation of the rotational shaft.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first drive signal and the second drive signal each have a period of n cycles per a complete rotation of the rotational shaft claim 2 , ...

AUTOMATED METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS BUBBLE DETECTION AND EXPULSION

A method and apparatus for detecting and removing air from a syringe containing a volume of liquid and a volume of gas is described. The method includes moving a piston in the syringe to expel gas through an orifice of the syringe, sensing a movement of the piston in the syringe, and determining when the volume of gas is expelled from the syringe based on a change in the sensed movement. Moving the piston may include applying oscillating force to the piston using an electromagnetic actuator, and displacement and speed of the piston during each oscillation may be sensed. Determining when the volume of gas is expelled may be based on a change in the sensed movement of the piston during one or more oscillations of the piston or based on a comparison to a given reference value. 1. A method of detecting and removing air from a syringe containing a volume of liquid and a volume of gas , the method comprising:moving a piston in the syringe to expel gas through an orifice of the syringe;sensing movement of the piston in the syringe; anddetermining when the volume of gas is expelled from the syringe based on a change in the sensed movement.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein moving the piston includes applying oscillating force to the piston using an actuator claim 1 , and wherein sensing movement of the piston includes sensing oscillating movement of the piston in the syringe.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein applying the oscillating force to the piston further includes applying at least one of the following in alternation to the piston: a positive and a negative force claim 2 , a positive and a zero force claim 2 , and a first positive force and a second positive force claim 2 , and wherein determining when the volume of gas is expelled from the syringe is based a change in the sensed oscillating movement of the piston during one or more oscillation or based on a comparison to a given reference value.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein sensing the oscillating movement of ...

Multi-Bar Linkage Electric Drive System

An electric drive system including: a rotary motor system including a hub assembly, a first rotating assembly, a second rotating assembly, and a third rotating assembly, wherein the hub assembly defines a rotational axis about which the first rotating assembly, the second rotating assembly, and the third rotating assembly are coaxially aligned and are capable of independent rotational movement independent of each other; a multi-bar linkage mechanism connected to each of the first and third rotating assemblies and connected to the hub assembly and constraining movement of the hub assembly so that the rotational axis of the hub assembly moves along a defined path that is in a transverse direction relative to the rotational axis and wherein the multi-bar linkage mechanism causes the rotational axis of the hub assembly to translate along the defined path in response to relative rotation of the first rotating assembly and the third rotating assembly with respect to each other. 1a rotary motor system comprising a hub assembly, a magnetic rotor assembly, a first coil stator assembly, and a second coil stator assembly, wherein the hub assembly defines a rotational axis and wherein each of the magnetic rotor assembly, the first coil stator assembly, and the second coil stator assembly is coaxially aligned with the rotational axis and is capable of rotational movement about the rotational axis; anda multi-bar linkage mechanism connected to each of the first and second coil stator assemblies and connected to the hub assembly, said multi-bar linkage mechanism constraining movement of the hub assembly so that the rotational axis of the hub assembly moves along a defined path that is in a transverse direction relative to the rotational axis and wherein the multi-bar linkage mechanism causes the rotational axis of the hub assembly to translate along the defined path in response to relative rotation of the first coil stator assembly and the second coil stator assembly with respect ...

Bi-Directional Motion Of A Lorentz-Force Actuated Needle-Free Injector (NFI)

The present invention relate to a method and corresponding apparatus for just in time mixing of a solid or powdered formulation and its subsequent delivery to a biological body. In some embodiments, a powdered formulation is maintained in a first chamber of a plurality of chambers. A plurality of electromagnetic actuators are in communication with the plurality of chambers. The actuators, when activated, generate a pressure within at least the first chamber. The pressure results in mixing of the powdered formulation and a diluent in time for delivering into the biological body. 18-. (canceled)9. A method for delivering a drug through a tissue into a biological body , the method comprising:holding a fluid in a first chamber;holding the drug in a second chamber; andactivating plural electromagnetic actuators to (1) eject a portion of the fluid through a nozzle with sufficient pressure to penetrate the tissue of the biological body, the ejection creating a hole in the tissue, and (2) deliver the drug through the hole in the tissue and into the biological body.10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising activating the electromagnetic actuators to mix a remaining portion of the fluid with the drug prior to delivery of the drug.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the electromagnetic actuators comprise bi-directional Lorentz-Force electromagnetic actuators.12. The method of claim 10 , wherein mixing the fluid with the drug involves oscillating contents of at least one of the first and second chambers to facilitate mixing of the fluid with the drug.13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the drug is a powdered drug.14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the drug is a therapeutic drug.15. The method of claim 9 , wherein the fluid is physiological saline.16. The method of claim 9 , further comprising aspirating the fluid into the first chamber.17. The method of claim 9 , further comprising monitoring the pressure with a pressure transducer.18. The method of claim 9 , wherein ...

RHINOMETRIC SENSING AND GAS DETECTION

An acoustic system can track gas emissions by exploiting the nostril-accessible nasal pathways of an animal. Actuators and microphones used in the apparatus can be similar to those currently found in cell phones, which in turn make the acoustic apparatus small and rugged. The nostril geometry can be mapped using sound waves, similar to the mapping done by an acoustic rhinometer. Where acoustic rhinometers assume a constant speed of sound to measure changes in geometry, acoustic approaches as disclosed herein can assume constant geometry to measure changes in the speed of sound. Approaches disclosed here are particularly useful with any gas, such as (for example) methane, hydrogen, helium, etc. that has a speed of sound higher than other typical gaseous components of exhaled air, such as nitrogen, carbon-dioxide, oxygen, etc. 1. A method of estimating a concentration of methane emissions from a ruminant animal , the method comprising:coupling an acoustic actuator to a nasal passageway of the ruminant animal;applying an actuation signal to the acoustic actuator to generate and deliver a first acoustic signal into the nasal passageway, such that the nasal passageway reflects the first acoustic signal as a second acoustic signal;collectively detecting the first acoustic signal and the second acoustic signal as a third acoustic signal;isolating, based on the first acoustic signal, the second acoustic signal from the third acoustic signal;estimating a sound speed through the nasal passageway based on the second acoustic signal; andestimating methane concentration in the nasal passageway based on the estimated sound speed.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the actuation signal includes randomly spaced pulses having unequal amplitudes.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the steps of said coupling claim 1 , applying claim 1 , detecting claim 1 , isolating claim 1 , estimating the sound speed claim 1 , and estimating the methane concentration are repeated continuously.4. The ...

Systems, Apparatus, and Methods for Spectral Imaging

A spectral imaging system includes an autocorrelator to generate different autocorrelations when the moving reflector in the autocorrelator is at different positions so as to reconstruct spectral images. The system also includes a position measurement system to measure the actual positions of the moving reflector when autocorrelations are taken. These actual locations, instead of the desired locations in conventional methods, are then used to reconstruct the spectral image. This approach can address the misalignment of the moving reflector from its desired location (due to external disturbances, slow actuator dynamics, and other factors) in conventional spectral imaging techniques and allow the development of high-resolution, high-stability, portable imaging spectrometers for the general public. 1. A spectral imaging system comprising:a beam splitter to receive an input light beam reflected or scattered from a sample and to split the input light beam into a first portion and a second portion;a first reflector, in optical communication with the beam splitter, to reflect the first portion of the input light beam;a second reflector, in optical communication with the beam splitter, to reflect the second portion of the input light beam;an actuator, operably coupled to the second reflector, to move the second reflector along a propagation direction of the second portion of the input light beam;a position measurement system, operably coupled to the second reflector, to measure a position of the second reflector;a detector, disposed at an intersection between the first portion of the input light beam and the second portion of the input light beam, to detect an interference pattern created by the first portion of the input light beam and the second portion of the input light beam; anda processor, operably coupled to the position measurement system and the detector, to generate a spectral image of the sample based at least in part on the position acquired by the position ...

Multi-Bar Linkage Electric Drive System

An electric drive system including: a rotary motor system including a hub assembly, a first rotating assembly, a second rotating assembly, and a third rotating assembly, wherein the hub assembly defines a rotational axis about which the first rotating assembly, the second rotating assembly, and the third rotating assembly are coaxially aligned and are capable of independent rotational movement independent of each other; a multi-bar linkage mechanism connected to each of the first and third rotating assemblies and connected to the hub assembly and constraining movement of the hub assembly so that the rotational axis of the hub assembly moves along a defined path that is in a transverse direction relative to the rotational axis and wherein the multi-bar linkage mechanism causes the rotational axis of the hub assembly to translate along the defined path in response to relative rotation of the first rotating assembly and the third rotating assembly with respect to each other. 1. A drive system for a vehicle comprising:a suspension arm; a magnetic rotor assembly rotatable about a rotational axis;', 'a first coil stator assembly, rotatable about the rotation axis, to apply a first torque to the magnetic rotor assembly and the suspension arm; and', 'a second coil stator assembly, rotatable about the rotation axis, to apply a second torque to the magnetic rotor assembly, the second coil stator assembly being coupled to the first coil stator assembly such that movement of the first coil stator assembly causes movement of the second coil stator assembly., 'a rotary motor coupled to the suspension arm such that the rotary motor is movable relative to the suspension arm, the rotary motor comprising2. The drive system of claim 1 , wherein the first coil stator assembly is configured to apply the first torque to the suspension arm via a first linkage.3. The drive system of claim 2 , further comprising:a spindle that defines the rotational axis; anda linear bearing that couples ...

Nonlinear system identification for optimization of wireless power transfer

A method of detecting whether a receiver coil is near a transmit coil in a wireless power transfer system (WPTS), the method involving: applying a pseudo-random signal to the transmit coil; while the pseudo-random signal is being applied to the transmit coil, recording one or more signals produced within the WPTS in response to the applied pseudo-random signal; by using the one or more recorded signals, generating a dynamic system model for some aspect of the WPTS; and using the generated dynamic system model in combination with stored training data to determine whether an object having characteristics distinguishing the object as a receiver coil is near the transmit coil.

NONLINEAR SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION FOR OPTIMIZATION OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER

A method of detecting whether a receiver coil is near a transmit coil in a wireless power transfer system (WPTS), the method involving: applying a pseudo-random signal to the transmit coil; while the pseudo-random signal is being applied to the transmit coil, recording one or more signals produced within the WPTS in response to the applied pseudo-random signal; by using the one or more recorded signals, generating a dynamic system model for some aspect of the WPTS; and using the generated dynamic system model in combination with stored training data to determine whether an object having characteristics distinguishing the object as a receiver coil is near the transmit coil. 1. A method of identifying a waveform for a drive signal to a transmit coil in a wireless power transfer system (WPTS) , said method comprising:applying a pseudo-random signal to the transmit coil;while the pseudo-random signal is being applied to the transmit coil, recording one or more signals produced within the WPTS in response to the applied pseudo-random signal;by using the one or more recorded signals, generating a dynamic system model for some aspect of the WPTS; andconducting a search for an optimum waveform for the drive signal, wherein conducting the search comprises repeatedly using the generated dynamic system model to simulate a response to the drive signal while varying the waveform of the drive signal until the optimum waveform is found.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein conducting a search further comprises:computing an output power from the simulated response;using the computed output power as an objective function; andconducting the search by using the objective function.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more signals produced within the WPTS comprise a signal produced by the transmit coil in response to the applied pseudo-random signal.4. A wireless power transfer system comprising:a transmit coil;a power transmitter circuit connected to the transmit coil;a sensor ...

METHODS, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY

A miniature, low cost mass spectrometer capable of unit resolution over a mass range of 10 to 50 AMU. The mass spectrometer incorporates several features that enhance the performance of the design over comparable instruments. An efficient ion source enables relatively low power consumption without sacrificing measurement resolution. Variable geometry mechanical filters allow for variable resolution. An onboard ion pump removes the need for an external pumping source. A magnet and magnetic yoke produce magnetic field regions with different flux densities to run the ion pump and a magnetic sector mass analyzer. An onboard digital controller and power conversion circuit inside the vacuum chamber allows a large degree of flexibility over the operation of the mass spectrometer while eliminating the need for high-voltage electrical feedthroughs. The miniature mass spectrometer senses fractions of a percentage of inlet gas and returns mass spectra data to a computer. 1. A mass spectrometer comprising:a vacuum housing defining a vacuum cavity;an electrode, disposed within the vacuum cavity and configured to be charged to an electrode potential, to control acceleration of a charged particle propagating through the vacuum cavity;a controller, disposed within the vacuum cavity and in electrical communication with the electrode, to modulate the electrode potential at the electrode; anda processor, operably coupled to the controller, to process digital controller signals used to modulate the electrode potential so as to increase a signal-to-noise ratio of the mass spectrometer.2. The mass spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the electrode comprises a grid electrode.3. The mass spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the charged particle is an ion.4. The mass spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the charged particle is an electron.5. The mass spectrometer of claim 4 , further comprising:an electron source, disposed within the vacuum cavity, to provide the electron;a cathode to repel the ...

INJECTION METHODS USING A SERVO-CONTROLLED NEEDLE-FREE INJECTOR

A method for injecting a substance through a biological body surface includes providing a needle-free transdermal transport device configured to inject the substance through the surface. The substance is injected into the biological body with the transport device while a parameter of the injection is sensed and a servo-controller is used to dynamically adjust at least one injection characteristic based on the sensed parameter. The substance is injected for (i) a first time period during which a first portion of a volume of the substance is injected at a first injection pressure, and (ii) a second time period during which a remainder of the volume of the substance is injected at a second injection pressure. A viscosity of the substance may be determined, and a pressure calculated for injecting the substance based on the viscosity. The substance may be injected with the transport device by using the calculated pressure.

Endoscopic imaging system

An endoscopic imaging system includes a reusable control cabinet having a number of actuators that control the orientation of a lightweight endoscope that is connectable thereto. The endoscope is used with a single patient and is then disposed. The endoscope includes an illumination mechanism, an image sensor and an elongate shaft having one or more lumens located therein. A polymeric articulation joint at the distal end of the endoscope allows the distal end to be oriented by the control cabinet. The endoscope is coated with a hydrophilic coating that reduces its coefficient of friction and because it is lightweight, requires less force to advance it to a desired location within a patient.

DEVICES AND METHODS INCLUDING POLYACETYLENES

Embodiments described herein relate to compositions, devices, and methods for storage of energy (e.g., electrical energy). In some cases, devices including polyacetylene-containing polymers are provided. 1. An electrical energy storage device , comprising:a first electrode comprising a polymer comprising a substituted or unsubstituted polyacetylene;a second electrode in electrochemical communication with the first electrode;a porous separator material arranged between the first and second electrodes; andan electrolyte in electrochemical communication with the first and second electrodes.2. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is a substantially free of metal-containing species.3. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprising the substituted or unsubstituted polyacetylene is synthesized in the presence of a fluid carrier.45-. (canceled)6. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is a substantially free of lithium-containing species or lithium ion-containing species.78-. (canceled)9. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is an ethylene carbonate solution or a propylene carbonate solution claim 1 , the solution comprising a salt having the formula claim 1 , [(R)N][X] claim 1 , wherein X is (PF) claim 1 , (BF) claim 1 , (SOR) claim 1 , (RSO—N—SOR) claim 1 , CFCO claim 1 , (CF)CO claim 1 , or (CF)CHO) claim 1 , wherein R is alkyl and Ris alkyl claim 1 , aryl claim 1 , fluorinated alkyl claim 1 , or fluorinated aryl.10. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the substituted or unsubstituted polyacetylene polymer is arranged as an n-type material.11. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the substituted or unsubstituted polyacetylene polymer is arranged as a p-type material.1220-. (canceled)22. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 21 , wherein R claim 21 , R claim 21 , R ...

Bi-Directional Motion Of A Lorentz-Force Actuated Needle-Free Injector (NFI)

The present invention relates to a method and corresponding apparatus for just in time mixing of a solid or powdered formulation and its subsequent delivery to a biological body. In some embodiments, a powdered formulation is maintained in a first chamber of a plurality of chambers. A plurality of electromagnetic actuators are in communication with the plurality of chambers. The actuators, when activated, generate a pressure within at least the first chamber. The pressure results in mixing of the powdered formulation and a diluent in time for delivering into the biological body. 1. (canceled)2. An apparatus for delivering a drug to a biological body , the apparatus comprising:a first chamber for holding a powdered formulation;a bi-directional electromagnetic actuator in communication with the first chamber;a controller which during operation electrically controls the actuator, the controller being configured to cause the actuator to generate, when activated, a pressure within the first chamber to mix the powdered formulation and a diluent within the first chamber and to then oscillate contents of the first chamber to further mix the powdered formulation and the diluent in the first chamber to form a reconstituted drug from the powered formulation and the diluent; anda needle-free injection nozzle in fluid communication with the first chamber, the nozzle being configured to enable the actuator to deliver the reconstituted drug directly into the biological body as a jet that pierces a surface of the biological body.3. The apparatus of further including a second chamber for holding the diluent for mixing with the powdered formulation.4. The apparatus of further including at least one valve claim 3 , the at least one valve including at least two ports claim 3 , a first port coupled with the first chamber and a second port coupled with the second chamber for passing the diluent.5. The apparatus of wherein the controller claim 2 , upon activation claim 2 , is configured ...

DYNAMIC PRESSURE CONTROL IN A BATTERY ASSEMBLY

Operating a battery assembly that includes one or more rechargeable battery cells includes: monitoring one or more operational parameters of the battery cells; and dynamically controlling pressure applied to the one or more battery cells based at least in part on one or more of the monitored operational parameters. 1. An apparatus comprising:a plurality of rechargeable battery cells arranged in a stack;at least one sensor configured to monitor one or more operational parameters of the plurality of battery cells;a coolant system for flowing coolant between neighboring battery cells within the plurality of battery cells;a pressure monitoring system for monitoring a pressure applied to the plurality of battery cells by the coolant flowing between neighboring battery cells among the plurality of battery cells; anda pressure control system configured to dynamically vary a pressure applied to the plurality of battery cells to yield a monitored pressure having a target value that changes based at least in part on one or more of the monitored operational parameters, wherein the pressure control system is arranged to dynamically vary the pressure of the coolant flowing between neighboring battery cells to dynamically vary the pressure applied to the plurality of battery cells.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the pressure control system is configured to vary the pressure applied to the plurality of battery cells as a function of one or more of the monitored operational parameters.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the pressure control system comprisesa rigid housing with the plurality of battery cells contained with the rigid housing; anda pressure modulator configured to dynamically vary the pressure of the coolant to dynamically vary the pressure applied to the plurality of battery cells.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the pressure monitoring system comprises one or more pressure sensors configured to monitor pressure applied to the plurality of battery cells. ...

ACTUATOR CONFIGURATION FOR A ROTARY DRIVE

A rotary drive includes: a support structure; and a linear actuator supported by the support structure. The linear actuator includes: a first member; a second member that moves in a linear direction relative to the first member when a drive signal is applied to the linear actuator; and a bearing arrangement supporting the first and second members within the support structure and enabling independent movement of the first member and the second member relative to the support structure. The rotary drive also includes a linear-to-rotary converter to which the second member of the linear actuator is coupled. The linear-to-rotary converter includes an output member having a rotational axis. During operation, the linear-to-rotary converter converts linear reciprocating movement of the second member of the linear actuator to rotary movement of the output member about the rotational axis. 1. A rotary drive comprising:a support structure; and a first member;', 'a second member that moves in a linear direction relative to the first member when a drive signal is applied to the linear actuator; and', 'a bearing arrangement supporting the first and second members within the support structure and enabling independent movement of the first member and the second member relative to the support structure;, 'a linear actuator supported by the support structure, said linear actuator comprisingsaid rotary drive further comprising:a linear-to-rotary converter to which the second member of the linear actuator is coupled, said linear-to-rotary converter including an output member having a rotational axis, wherein during operation, the linear-to-rotary converter converts linear reciprocating movement of the second member of the linear actuator to rotary movement of the output member about the rotational axis.2. The rotary drive of claim 1 , wherein the first member is a magnetic stator assembly including one or more magnets generating magnetic fields claim 1 , and wherein the second member ...

DEVICES AND METHODS INCLUDING POLYACETYLENES

Embodiments described herein relate to compositions, devices, and methods for storage of energy (e.g., electrical energy). In some cases, devices including polyacetylene-containing polymers are provided. 1. An electrical energy storage device , comprising:a first electrode comprising a polymer comprising a substituted or unsubstituted polyacetylene;a second electrode in electrochemical communication with the first electrode;a porous separator material arranged between the first and second electrodes; andan electrolyte in electrochemical communication with the first and second electrodes.2. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is a substantially free of metal-containing species.3. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprising the substituted or unsubstituted polyacetylene is synthesized in the presence of a fluid carrier.45-. (canceled)6. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is a substantially free of lithium-containing species or lithium ion-containing species.78-. (cancelled)9. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is an ethylene carbonate solution or a propylene carbonate solution claim 1 , the solution comprising a salt having the formula claim 1 , [(R)N][X] claim 1 , wherein X is (PF) claim 1 , (BF) claim 1 , (SOR) claim 1 , (RSO—N—SOR) claim 1 , CFCO claim 1 , (CF)CO claim 1 , or (CF)CHO) claim 1 , wherein R is alkyl and Ris alkyl claim 1 , aryl claim 1 , fluorinated alkyl claim 1 , or fluorinated aryl.10. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the substituted or unsubstituted polyacetylene polymer is arranged as an n-type material.11. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 1 , wherein the substituted or unsubstituted polyacetylene polymer is arranged as a p-type material.1220-. (canceled)22. An electrical energy storage device as in claim 21 , wherein R claim 21 , R claim 21 , R ...

Controlled Needle-Free Transport

A needle-free transdermal transport device for transferring a substance across a surface of a biological body includes a reservoir for storing the substance, a nozzle in fluid communication with the reservoir and a controllable electromagnetic actuator in communication with the reservoir. The actuator, referred to as a Lorentz force actuator, includes a stationary magnet assembly and a moving coil assembly. The coil assembly moves a piston having an end portion positioned within the reservoir. The actuator receives an electrical input and generates in response a corresponding force acting on the piston and causing a needle-free transfer of the substance between the reservoir and the biological body. The magnitude, direction and duration of the force are dynamically controlled (e.g., servo-controlled) by the electrical input and can be altered during the course of an actuation cycle. Beneficially, the actuator can be moved in different directions according to the electrical input. 1. A linear electromagnetic actuator comprising:a stationary magnet assembly providing a magnetic field;a coil assembly receiving an electrical input, the coil assembly slidably disposed with respect to the magnet assembly; anda stationary bearing surface formed over a length that abuts the magnet assemblya first bearing surface defined along a distal portion of the coil assembly and adapted to slide relative to the stationary bearing surface.2. The linear electromagnetic actuator of further comprising a second bearing surface defined along a proximal portion of the coil assembly also adapted to slide relative to the stationary bearing surface.3. The linear electromagnetic actuator of further comprising a ferromagnetic shell including one or more extensions extending from a distal end of the shell claim 2 , the shell and the extensions providing the stationary bearing surface.4. The linear electromagnetic actuator of in a needle-free transdermal transport device.5. The linear ...

Articulated vehicles with payload-positioning systems

A conventional vehicle typically behaves like a single rigid body with fixed characteristics defined during the design phase of the vehicle. The rigid nature of the conventional vehicle limits their ability to interact and adapt to different environments. To overcome these limitations, an articulated vehicle may be used where one or more sections of the vehicle are reconfigurable, thus changing various aspects of the vehicle including the shape, the size, and the footprint. In one example, the articulated vehicle includes a front section and a tail section joined together by an articulated joint. The articulated joint rotates the tail section about an axis relative to the front section, thus modifying the height and the wheelbase. The vehicle also includes a morphing section to maintain continuity in the form of the vehicle and a payload positioning joint to maintain a desired orientation of a payload as the vehicle is being articulated.

MULTI-DIRECTIONAL LOW-DISPLACEMENT FORCE SENSOR

A device for the measurement of forces on the tip of a jet injector drug ampoule. Sensor consists of multiple spokes with strain sensing capability where each spoke has formations to allow for quasi-free bending behavior on one spoke end. By using the strain output of all three full bridges in parallel, it is possible to discriminate between lateral forces and axial forces directed collinear with the center axis of the ampoule applied to the tip of the nozzle. This information can be relayed to the user to attain, for example, a pre-determined contact force between the nozzle and an area receiving an injection. 1. A device comprising three or more strain sensors formed on the upper and lower surface of flexural spokes connecting an outer fixed portion to an inner sensing portion to which an ampoule is fixed , and the addition on said flexural spokes of quasi-free boundary conditions as to increase the area occupied by fully compressive zones and fully tensile zones which occur on the top and bottom or vice versa on any or all of said flexural spokes when said forces are applied.2. The multi-axis force-sensing device of wherein the base material of the sensing assembly is of a rigid material.3. The multi-axis force-sensing device of wherein the quasi-free boundary condition of the flexural spoke is attained by forming a cutout in the base material claim 2 , as seen from the side profile.4. The multi-axis force-sensing device of wherein the quasi-free boundary condition of the flexural spoke is attained by a member with high flexibility in the vertical direction (versus horizontal direction) connecting each flexural spoke to the inner sensing portion.5. The multi-axis force-sensing device of wherein strain sensors are formed of full-bridge resistive strain gauge arrays.6. The multi-axis force-sensing device of wherein strain sensors are formed of semiconductor strain sensors.7. A method of measuring both axial and lateral forces at the tip of an ampoule claim 2 , the ...

MINIATURE STOCHASTIC NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE

A nuclear magnet resonance (NMR) system probes samples using a stochastically pulsed radio-frequency magnetic field. The NMR system uses active shims to compensate for spatial inhomogeneity in the bias magnetic field applied by a small permanent magnet. The active shim, made of a flexible conductor, creates a magnetic field when current is passed through it. The magnetic field created by the active shim can compensate for a first, second or third order spherical harmonic spatial inhomogeneity. The NMR system may have an array of active shims, with each active shim compensating for a spherical harmonic spatial inhomogeneity. The array of active shims may be arranged within the NMR system so as to increase power efficiency. The NMR system can accommodate a standard NMR sample tube and can be used to measure nuclear spin density or acquire an NMR spectrum. 1. A stochastic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system comprising:a permanent magnet to apply a bias magnetic field to a sample;an active shim to compensate a spatial inhomogeneity in the bias magnetic field applied to the sample by the permanent magnet;an electromagnet to apply a stochastically pulsed radio-frequency magnetic field to the sample;a detector to sense responses from the sample to the stochastically pulsed radio-frequency magnetic field; anda processor, operably coupled to the detector, to determine a spin density of the sample based on the responses from the sample,wherein the permanent magnet defines a cylindrical sample space and the active shim comprises a flexible conductor disposed along a surface of the cylindrical sample space.2. The stochastic NMR system of claim 1 , wherein the stochastic NMR system does not comprise any passive shim for compensating the spatial inhomogeneity in the bias magnetic field.3. The stochastic NMR system of claim 1 , wherein the stochastic NMR system weighs less than 1 kilogram.4. (canceled)5. The stochastic NMR system of claim 1 , wherein the cylindrical sample ...

NONLINEAR SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION FOR OPTIMIZATION OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER

A method of detecting whether a receiver coil is near a transmit coil in a wireless power transfer system (WPTS), the method involving: applying a pseudo-random signal to the transmit coil; while the pseudo-random signal is being applied to the transmit coil, recording one or more signals produced within the WPTS in response to the applied pseudo-random signal; by using the one or more recorded signals, generating a dynamic system model for some aspect of the WPTS; and using the generated dynamic system model in combination with stored training data to determine whether an object having characteristics distinguishing the object as a receiver coil is near the transmit coil. 16-. (canceled)7. A method of detecting a receiver using a transmitter in a wireless power transfer system (WPTS) , the method comprising:applying a signal to the transmitter;in response to the signal being applied to the transmitter, receiving an output signal using the transmitter;determining that the receiver is in range of the transmitter coil based on the output signal; andin response to detecting the receiver is in range of the transmitter, initiating wireless power transfer from a transmitter coil in the transmitter to a receiver coil in the receiver using a drive signal.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein determining the receiver is in range of the transmitter comprises:inputting the output signal into a system model representing the WPTS, the system model outputting that the receiver is in range of the transmitter based on the output signal, the system model also being used, in part, to reduce noise in the output signal.9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising claim 8 , before applying the signal to the transmitter:training the system model using training data based on a set of system configurations representing variations in at least one of a location of the receiver relative to the transmitter, a receiver orientation relative to the transmitter, a receiver temperature, a charge ...

PERMANENT MAGNET LINEAR ACTUATORS

An electromagnetic actuator including: a core comprising a material having a high magnetic permeability relative to air; an array of coils sequentially arranged on the core, each coil of the array of coils being wound around the longitudinal axis of the core; and a magnet assembly movably mounted along the array of coils, the magnet assembly having a coil side facing the array of coils and an opposite side facing away from the array of coils and including an array of permanent magnets sequentially arranged along the array of coils in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis, wherein the magnetic moments of the plurality of magnets are selected and arranged to augment the magnetic field produced on the coil side of the magnet assembly and to reduce the magnetic field produced on the opposite side of the magnet assembly. 1. An electromagnetic actuator comprising:a core having a longitudinal axis, said core comprising a material having a high magnetic permeability relative to air;an array of coils sequentially arranged on the core, each coil of the array of coils being wound around the longitudinal axis of the core; anda magnet assembly movably mounted along the array of coils, said magnet assembly having a coil side facing the array of coils and an opposite side facing away from the array of coils, said magnet assembly comprising an array of permanent magnets sequentially arranged along the array of coils in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis, each permanent magnet characterized by a magnetic field of a particular direction and wherein the magnetic fields of the plurality of magnets are selected and arranged to augment the magnetic field produced on the coil side of the magnet assembly and to reduce the magnetic field produced on the opposite side of the magnet assembly.2. The electromagnetic actuator of claim 1 , wherein the array of coils is a linear array of coils.3. The electromagnetic actuator of claim 1 , wherein the array of permanent magnets ...

METHODS, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY

A miniature, low cost mass spectrometer capable of unit resolution over a mass range of 10 to 50 AMU. The mass spectrometer incorporates several features that enhance the performance of the design over comparable instruments. An efficient ion source enables relatively low power consumption without sacrificing measurement resolution. Variable geometry mechanical filters allow for variable resolution. An onboard ion pump removes the need for an external pumping source. A magnet and magnetic yoke produce magnetic field regions with different flux densities to run the ion pump and a magnetic sector mass analyzer. An onboard digital controller and power conversion circuit inside the vacuum chamber allows a large degree of flexibility over the operation of the mass spectrometer while eliminating the need for high-voltage electrical feedthroughs. The miniature mass spectrometer senses fractions of a percentage of inlet gas and returns mass spectra data to a computer. 1a vacuum housing defining a vacuum cavity;an electrode, disposed within the vacuum cavity, to control acceleration of an ion propagating through the vacuum cavity;an electron multiplier, disposed within the vacuum cavity, to transduce the ion into a plurality of electrons; anda transconductance amplifier, disposed within the vacuum cavity, to measure the plurality of electrons.. A mass spectrometer comprising: This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/645,147, filed Jul. 10, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/045,883, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,735,000, filed Feb. 17, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/268,599, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,312,117, which was filed on May 2, 2014, and which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/396,321, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,754,371, which was filed on Feb. 14, 2012, and which in turn claims the priority benefit, under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e), of U.S. Application No. 61/565,763, filed on Dec. 1, 2011, entitled ...

Electric Rotary Motor with Two Degrees of Movement

Instead of being made from one continuous piece of material, a coil includes multiple flat coil segments that are stacked together and electrically coupled in series. In many embodiments, the coil segments are U-shaped segments, and the segments are arranged so that each segment is rotated (e.g., by 270 degrees) with respect the segment it follows. The stacked coils may then be fastened together using, for example, bolts through the corners of the coil segments. The combined coil segments form a continuous coil. 17-. (canceled)8. A rotary electric motor with two degrees of movement , said rotary electric motor comprising:a support member for attaching to a vehicle frame;a rotary member having a rotational axis;a magnet assembly including a plurality of magnets producing magnetic fields;a first coil assembly arranged to interact with the magnetic fields of the magnet assembly to cause relative movement between the first coil assembly and the magnet assembly;a second coil assembly separate from the first coil assembly, said second coil assembly arranged to interact with the magnetic fields of the magnet assembly to cause relative movement between the second coil assembly and the magnet assembly; and '(a) respond to a first relative movement between the coil assemblies and the magnet assembly to cause the rotary member to rotate about the rotational axis without causing translational movement of the rotational axis of the rotary member relative to the support member, and', 'a converter assembly operated by the first and second coil assemblies and coupling the rotary member to the support member, and which is configured to(b) respond to a second relative movement between the coil assemblies and the magnet assembly to cause the rotational axis of the rotary member to move in a transverse direction relative to the support member without causing rotary movement of the rotary member.9. The rotary electric motor of claim 8 , wherein claim 8 , with one of the relative ...

METHODS, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY

A miniature, low cost mass spectrometer capable of unit resolution over a mass range of 10 to 50 AMU. The mass spectrometer incorporates several features that enhance the performance of the design over comparable instruments. An efficient ion source enables relatively low power consumption without sacrificing measurement resolution. Variable geometry mechanical filters allow for variable resolution. An onboard ion pump removes the need for an external pumping source. A magnet and magnetic yoke produce magnetic field regions with different flux densities to run the ion pump and a magnetic sector mass analyzer. An onboard digital controller and power conversion circuit inside the vacuum chamber allows a large degree of flexibility over the operation of the mass spectrometer while eliminating the need for high-voltage electrical feedthroughs. The miniature mass spectrometer senses fractions of a percentage of inlet gas and returns mass spectra data to a computer. 1. A mass spectrometer comprising:{'sup': '−5', '(A) a vacuum housing defining a vacuum cavity to support a vacuum of about 10mm Hg or less;'}(B) an electrode, disposed within the vacuum cavity and configured to be charged to an electrode potential, to control acceleration of a charged particle propagating through the vacuum cavity;(C) a conversion circuit, disposed within the vacuum cavity, to convert an input voltage from a power source outside the vacuum cavity so as to provide the electrode potential for the electrode; and(D) a feedthrough having a dielectric strength of less than or equal to about 36 V to provide an electrical connection between the conversion circuit and the power source.2. The mass spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the charged particle is an electron.3. The mass spectrometer of claim 2 , further comprising:(E) an electron source, disposed within the vacuum cavity, to provide the electron;(F) a cathode to repel the electron; and(G) an anode, disposed opposite the electrode from the ...

ENDOSCOPIC IMAGING SYSTEM

An endoscopic imaging system includes a reusable control cabinet having a number of actuators that control the orientation of a lightweight endoscope that is connectable thereto. The endoscope is used with a single patient and is then disposed. The endoscope includes an illumination mechanism, an image sensor and an elongate shaft having one or more lumens located therein. A polymeric articulation joint at the distal end of the endoscope allows the distal end to be oriented by the control cabinet. The endoscope is coated with a hydrophilic coating that reduces its coefficient of friction and because it is lightweight, requires less force to advance it to a desired location within a patient. 114-. (canceled)15. An endoscope controller configured to control the movement of a distal portion of an endoscope , wherein the endoscope controller is in data communication with a control unit for the endoscope , wherein the controller comprises:a controller body configured to be held in a user's hand;a joystick configured to move to allow the user to control movement of the distal portion of the endoscope;a camera button configured to initiate capturing an image of an internal body cavity in which the endoscope is placed;an irrigation button configured to activate an irrigation source to supply a liquid through an irrigation lumen of the endoscope; andan insufflation button configured to activate an insufflation source to supply gas through a lumen of the endoscope.16. The endoscope controller of claim 15 , wherein the controller body includes a first planar surface and a second planar surface recessed from the first planar surface claim 15 , wherein the camera button claim 15 , the irrigation button claim 15 , and the insufflation button are positioned on the first planar surface claim 15 , and wherein the joystick is positioned on the second planar surface.17. The endoscope controller of claim 15 , further comprising a thumb screw configured to secure the controller to a ...

INDUCTIVE POSITION SENSING IN LINEAR ACTUATORS

A method for determining a position of a magnet assembly relative to an array of inductive elements arranged adjacent to a magnetically permeable material, the method involving: measuring electrical characteristics of each of one or more inductive elements of the array of inductive elements; and from information derived from the measured electrical characteristics of the one or more inductive elements of the array of inductive elements, determining the position of the magnet assembly relative to the array of inductive elements. 1. A method for determining a position of a magnet assembly relative to an array of inductive elements arranged adjacent to a magnetically permeable material , said method comprising:measuring electrical characteristics of each of one or more inductive elements of the array of inductive elements; andfrom information derived from the measured electrical characteristics of the one or more inductive elements of the array of inductive elements, determining the position of the magnet assembly relative to the array of inductive elements.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inductive elements in the array of inductive elements are coils.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the measured electrical characteristics include inductance.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the measured electrical characteristics include self-inductance.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein measuring the electrical characteristics of one or more coils involves measuring the inductance of each of more than one inductive element of the array of inductive elements.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the measured electrical characteristics include mutual inductances.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the position of the magnet assembly relative to the array of inductive elements comprises accessing a data storage element storing a functional relationship for translating information derived from the measured electrical characteristics to the position of the magnet ...

Magnetic position coupling and valve mechanism

An apparatus including an array of coils wherein each coil of the array of coils is wound around a core region for containing a fluid; an external magnet assembly mounted outside of the array of coils and movable over the array of coils; and an internal magnet assembly mounted inside the core region around which the coils of the array of coils are wound, wherein the internal magnet assembly is aligned with and magnetically coupled to the external magnet assembly so that the external and internal magnet assemblies move together along the array of coils in response drive signals applied to the coils within the array of coils.

Multidirectional Artificial Muscles from Nylon

A bending actuator and methods for making and using the same. A beam of anisotropic polymer material, such as nylon, characterized by a greater degree of molecular orientation along a longitudinal axis than transverse to the longitudinal axis, has a heating element in thermal contact with at least one of a pair of opposing faces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the beam. The heating element in certain embodiments provides for photothermal activation of the bending actuator. 1. A method for applying a force transverse to a longitudinal axis of an actuator , the method comprising:a. providing a beam of anisotropic polymer characterized by a greater degree of molecular orientation along a longitudinal axis than transverse to the longitudinal axis, and by a substantially polygonal-cross section taken in any plane transverse to the longitudinal axis; andb. causing bending of the beam by differentially photothermally heating at least one face of the pair of opposing faces with respect to a second face of the pair of opposing faces.2. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein differentially photothermally heating at least one face includes irradiating the at least one face with a source of light.3. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein differentially photothermally heating at least one face includes irradiating the at least one face with a laser.4. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein differentially photothermally heating at least one face includes irradiating a first face with a first laser and a second face with a second laser.5. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the beam exhibits a catch state claim 1 , further comprising returning the actuator to a neutral condition by applying heating to the cooler of the opposing faces.6. A method of manufacture of a bending actuator claim 1 , the method comprising:a. forming a beam of anisotropic polymer material polygonal-cross section; andb. photosorptively treating at least one of opposing ...

CONFORMABLE ANTENNA USING CONDUCTING POLYMERS

Antenna including a wire made of a conducting polymer. The wire is sewn into fabric material in a selected pattern. A preferred conducing polymer is polypyrrole. It is also preferred that the wire be encased in a non-conductive, low dielectric plastic. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. Method of making a conducting polymer wire comprising: growing a thin film of conductive polymer on a crucible; and slicing the polymer in a helical pattern to form a wire with a selected width.11. A method of producing a wearable antenna system comprising:forming a wire of a uniform electrochemically deposited conducting polymer;sewing the wire into a fabric material in a selected pattern, wherein the wire is strain relieved within the fabric material to increase the flexibility and maintain functional antenna capabilities; andfastening a coaxial cable connector into the fabric material allowing for the wire to be connected to a proximal end of a transmission coaxial cable.12. The method of further comprising utilizing polypyrrole as said conducting polymer.13. The method of further comprising encasing said wire in a non-conductive claim 11 , low dielectric plastic.14. The method of further comprising including a hook-and-loop portion in said fabric material for attachment to another object.15. The method of further comprising utilizing an article of clothing as said object.16. The method of further comprising utilizing a connector at the distal end of the coaxial cable for interface with a radio device.17. The method of further comprising enclosing the fabric material in a weather-proof casing.18. A conformable antenna comprising:a wire made of a uniform electrochemically deposited conducting polymer; anda coaxial cable connector that is connected to a first element allowing for the wire to be connected to a proximal end of a transmission coaxial cable, wherein the wire is strain relieved within ...

ADAPTOR FOR REMOVAL OF FLUID FROM VIAL USING A NEEDLE-FREE SYRINGE

A needle-free adaptor for removing liquid from a vial comprises a cannula adapted to piece a septum of a vial, a plurality of legs surrounding the cannula to secure the adaptor to the vial when the cannula has pieced the septum, an elastomeric membrane having a normally closed pinhole orifice, and a conforming surface having an orifice connected to the cannula. The elastomeric membrane has a stable convex shape and is adapted to receive a nozzle of a needle-free device. Pressed against the elastomeric membrane, the nozzle deflects the elastomeric membrane from the convex shape to an unstable or pseudo-stable inverted position against the conforming surface. Buckling of the elastomeric membrane opens the pinhole orifice and enables fluid communication between the vial and the nozzle by interfacing the pinhole orifice with the orifice on the conforming surface. 1. A needle-free adaptor for removing liquid from a vial , the needle-free adaptor comprising:a cannula having a distal end adapted to pierce a septum of a vial;a securing mechanism surrounding the cannula, the securing mechanism configured to secure the adaptor to the vial when the cannula has pierced the septum;a membrane comprising a normally closed orifice, the membrane having a stable position and an inverted position, the membrane adapted to receive a nozzle of a needle-free device and buckle from the stable position to the inverted position;a conforming surface adapted to receive the membrane when buckled by the nozzle, the conforming surfacing including an orifice connected to the cannula; andwhen the membrane deflects, the normally closed orifice opening and interfacing with the orifice on the conforming surface, the buckling enabling fluid communication between the vial and the nozzle.2. The needle-free adaptor of claim 1 , wherein the membrane is an elastomeric membrane.3. The needle-free adaptor of any claim 2 , wherein the securing mechanism is a plurality of legs claim 2 , and further comprising a ...

METHODS, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY

A miniature, low cost mass spectrometer capable of unit resolution over a mass range of 10 to 50 AMU. The mass spectrometer incorporates several features that enhance the performance of the design over comparable instruments. An efficient ion source enables relatively low power consumption without sacrificing measurement resolution. Variable geometry mechanical filters allow for variable resolution. An onboard ion pump removes the need for an external pumping source. A magnet and magnetic yoke produce magnetic field regions with different flux densities to run the ion pump and a magnetic sector mass analyzer. An onboard digital controller and power conversion circuit inside the vacuum chamber allows a large degree of flexibility over the operation of the mass spectrometer while eliminating the need for high-voltage electrical feedthroughs. The miniature mass spectrometer senses fractions of a percentage of inlet gas and returns mass spectra data to a computer. 1. A mass spectrometer comprising:a vacuum housing defining a vacuum cavity;an electrode, disposed within the vacuum cavity, to control acceleration of an ion propagating through the vacuum cavity;an electron multiplier, disposed within the vacuum cavity, to transduce the ion into a plurality of electrons; anda transconductance amplifier, disposed within the vacuum cavity, to measure the plurality of electrons.2. The mass spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the electron multiplier comprises a plurality of dynodes.3. The mass spectrometer of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of dynodes comprises a first dynode configured to generate the plurality of electrons when struck by an ion.4. The mass spectrometer of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of dynodes comprises a second dynode configured to double a number of electrons in the plurality of electrons.5. The mass spectrometer of claim 2 , further comprising:a power supply;an electrical feedthrough connecting the mass spectrometer to the power supply; anda voltage ...

NONLINEAR SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION FOR OPTIMIZATION OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER

A method of detecting whether a receiver coil is near a transmit coil in a wireless power transfer system (WPTS), the method involving: applying a pseudo-random signal to the transmit coil; while the pseudo-random signal is being applied to the transmit coil, recording one or more signals produced within the WPTS in response to the applied pseudo-random signal; by using the one or more recorded signals, generating a dynamic system model for some aspect of the WPTS; and using the generated dynamic system model in combination with stored training data to determine whether an object having characteristics distinguishing the object as a receiver coil is near the transmit coil. 1. A method of finding an operating frequency for a drive signal to a transmit coil in a wireless power transfer system (WPTS) , said method comprising:applying a pseudo-random signal to the transmit coil;while the pseudo-random signal is being applied to the transmit coil, recording a signal produced within the WPTS in response to the applied pseudo-random signal; andprocessing the recorded signal to generate an output signal, wherein the output signal identifies the operating frequency to be used for the drive signal and wherein processing the recorded signal comprises applying a nonlinear filter function.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nonlinear filter function was derived from measurements made on a test system including a test transmit coil and a test receiver coil located at different distances of separation from each other.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein recording the signal produced within the WPTS in response to the applied pseudo-random signal comprises recording a signal produced by the transmit coil.4. A wireless power transfer system (WPTS) comprising:a transmit coil;a power transmitter circuit connected to the transmit coil;a sensor circuit connected to the transmit coil; and cause the power transmitter to apply a pseudo-random signal to the transmit coil;', 'while the ...

Debridement apparatus using linear lorentz-force motors

A debridement device having a controllable Lorentz-force actuator is disclosed. The debridement device includes a nozzle delivering a jet of debridement substance to a tissue and the jet is driven by the Lorentz-force actuator. The device may have a suction port for removing the debridement substance. A second Lorentz-force actuator can be used for each of the jet and suction. The first and second Lorentz-force actuators for the jet and suction can also be configured to provide for continuous jet injection and continuous suction. The device may include a second nozzle delivering a second jet of debridement substance to the region of tissue and the first and second jets may intersect and dissipate into a mist upon intersection to dissipate the kinetic energy of the jets. The Lorentz-force actuator may drive a reciprocating piston pump providing continuous pressure to the nozzles.

AN INSTRUMENTED SUPER-CELL

An energy storage system for use with an external device including: an energy storage cell; a microcontroller; an internal communication bus; an interface including two power terminals and a communications port electrically connected to the internal communication bus; power conversion circuitry for performing a charging operation during which energy is transferred from the power terminals to the energy storage cell and a discharging operation during which energy is transferred from the energy storage cell to the power terminals; and one or more sensors for monitoring one or more parameters of the energy storage cell, wherein it is all packaged to form a single, integrated unit. 1. An energy storage system for use with an external device , said energy storage system comprising:an energy storage cell;a microcontroller;an internal communication bus over which the external device can communicate with the microcontroller;an interface through which the external device electrically connects to the energy storage system, said interface including two power terminals and a communications port electrically connected to the internal communication bus;power conversion circuitry connected between the power terminals and the energy storage cell, said power conversion circuitry for performing a charging operation during which energy is transferred from the power terminals to the energy storage cell and a discharging operation during which energy is transferred from the energy storage cell to the power terminals; andone or more sensors for monitoring one or more parameters of the energy storage cell,wherein the microcontroller is programmed to control the operation of the power conversion circuitry during the charging and discharging operations based on the one or more monitored parameters of the energy storage cell, andwherein the energy storage cell, the power electronics, the microcontroller, the interface, the internal communication bus, and the one or more sensors are packaged ...

MAGNETIC ROTOR ASSEMBLY

A magnetic rotor including: a support structure with a rotational axis, with a front side having a first annular region encircling the rotational axis, and with a back side having a second annular region encircling the rotational axis, the support structure having a first array of pockets formed in the front side within the first annular region and encircling the rotational axis, and a second array of pockets formed in the back side within the second annular region and encircling the rotational axis, and wherein the pockets of the first array of pockets are interleaved with the pockets of the second array of pockets; a first plurality of magnets contained within the pockets of the first array of pockets on the first side of the support structure; and a second plurality of magnets contained within the pockets of the second array of pockets on the second side of the support structure, wherein the pockets of the first and second arrays of pockets have obstructions against which the magnets contained within the pockets rest. 1. A magnetic rotor comprising:a support structure with a rotational axis, with a front side having a first annular region encircling the rotational axis, and with a back side having a second annular region encircling the rotational axis, said support structure having a first array of pockets formed in the front side within the first annular region and encircling the rotational axis, and a second array of pockets formed in the back side within the second annular region and encircling the rotational axis, and wherein the pockets of the first array of pockets are interleaved with the pockets of the second array of pockets;a first plurality of magnets contained within the pockets of the first array of pockets on the first side of the support structure; anda second plurality of magnets contained within the pockets of the second array of pockets on the second side of the support structure,wherein each of the pockets of the first and second arrays of ...

COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF DISCRETE NANOSTRUCTURES AND RELATED ARTICLES AND METHODS

Embodiments described herein generally relate to compositions including discrete nanostructures (e.g., nanostructures including a functionalized graphene layer and a core species bound to the functionalized graphene layer), and related articles and methods. A composition may have a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to 0.02. Discrete nanostructures may have a substantially non-planar configuration. A core species may reversibly covalently bind a first portion of a functionalized graphene layer to a second portion of the functionalized graphene layer. Articles, e.g., articles including a plurality of discrete nanostructures and a means for depositing the plurality of discrete nanostructures on a surface, are also provided. Methods (e.g., methods of forming a layer) are also provided, including depositing a composition onto a substrate surface and/or applying a mechanical force to the composition, e.g., such that the composition exhibits a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to 0.02. 1. A composition , comprising:a plurality of discrete nanostructures, each nanostructure comprising a functionalized graphene layer and a core species bound to the functionalized graphene layer;wherein the composition has a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to 0.02.2. A composition , comprising:a plurality of discrete nanostructures, each nanostructure comprising a functionalized graphene layer and a core species bound to the functionalized graphene layer;wherein the plurality of discrete nanostructures have a substantially non-planar configuration.3. A composition , comprising:a plurality of discrete nanostructures, each nanostructure comprising a functionalized graphene layer and a core species bound to the functionalized graphene layer;wherein the core species reversibly covalently binds a first portion of the functionalized graphene layer to a second portion of the functionalized graphene layer.4. A composition as in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of ...

Nozzle for Use in an Ultra-High Velocity Injection Device

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is a nozzle, for use in an injection device, that projects material at an ultra-high velocity. The nozzle includes an integrally formed body having an interior passageway that has a longitudinal axis. The input of the nozzle is configured to interface with a cartridge, and the output is configured to be placed proximate to a target. The passageway includes a taper, and its path length, from an initial diameter to a position along the passageway where the passageway first reaches a smallest diameter, is at least 0.5 mm. The taper of the passageway defines a shape, in a plane that includes the longitudinal axis, that is a continuous and monotonically decreasing function of distance along the longitudinal axis in a direction of flow through the nozzle. 1. A nozzle for use in an injection device , the nozzle projecting material at an ultra-high velocity , the nozzle comprising an integrally formed body having an interior passageway from an input to an output , the passageway having a longitudinal axis , wherein(i) the input of the nozzle is configured to interface with a cartridge,(ii) the output of the nozzle is configured to be placed proximate to a target, and(iii) the passageway includes a taper, over a path length from an initial diameter at the input of the nozzle to a position along the longitudinal axis where the passageway first reaches a smallest diameter,(iv) the path length of the taper is at least about 0.5 mm in length, and(v) the taper of the passageway defines a shape, in a plane that includes the longitudinal axis, that is a continuous and monotonically decreasing function of distance along the longitudinal axis in a direction of flow through the nozzle.2. A nozzle according to claim 1 , wherein the passageway has a cross-sectional area claim 1 , and the taper of the passageway causes the cross-sectional area claim 1 , as a function of distance along the longitudinal axis in the direction of flow claim 1 , to ...

PERMANENT MAGNET LINEAR ACTUATORS

An electromagnetic actuator including: a core comprising a material having a high magnetic permeability relative to air; an array of coils sequentially arranged on the core, each coil of the array of coils being wound around the longitudinal axis of the core; and a magnet assembly movably mounted along the array of coils, the magnet assembly having a coil side facing the array of coils and an opposite side facing away from the array of coils and including an array of permanent magnets sequentially arranged along the array of coils in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis, wherein the magnetic moments of the plurality of magnets are selected and arranged to augment the magnetic field produced on the coil side of the magnet assembly and to reduce the magnetic field produced on the opposite side of the magnet assembly. 1. An electromagnetic actuator comprising:a core having a longitudinal axis, said core comprising a material having a high magnetic permeability relative to air and defining a hollow inner region extending the length of the core;an array of coils sequentially arranged on the core, each coil of the array of coils being wound around the longitudinal axis of the core;a magnet assembly movably mounted along the array of coils, said magnet assembly having a coil side facing the array of coils and an opposite side facing away from the array of coils, said magnet assembly comprising an array of permanent magnets sequentially arranged along the array of coils in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis; anda plurality of drive circuits located within the hollow region of the core and proximate to the coils.2. The electromagnetic actuator of claim 1 , wherein each drive circuit of the plurality of drive circuits is located proximate to and is arranged to drive a corresponding different coil among the array of coils.3. The electromagnetic actuator of claim 2 , wherein each drive circuit of the plurality of drive circuits is located within and arranged ...

ENDOSCOPIC IMAGING SYSTEM

An endoscopic imaging system includes a reusable control cabinet having a number of actuators that control the orientation of a lightweight endoscope that is connectable thereto. The endoscope is used with a single patient and is then disposed. The endoscope includes an illumination mechanism, an image sensor and an elongate shaft having one or more lumens located therein. A polymeric articulation joint at the distal end of the endoscope allows the distal end to be oriented by the control cabinet. The endoscope is coated with a hydrophilic coating that reduces its coefficient of friction and because it is lightweight, requires less force to advance it to a desired location within a patient. 1. An articulation joint for use in a steerable medical device , comprisinga number of stacked annular rings, each ring having a pair of convex cams extending outwardly from a first surface of the ring and a pair of inwardly extending concave pockets positioned on a second surface of the ring such that the convex cams of an adjacent annular ring fit within the concave pockets.2. The articulation joint of claim 1 , wherein the annular rings include holes for the passage of control cables.3. The articulation joint of claim 2 , wherein the holes are aligned with the convex cams and concave pockets.4. The articulation joint of claim 2 , wherein the holes are offset from the convex cams and concave pockets.5. The articulation joint of claim 3 , wherein the holes extending through the convex cams form a slot at the edge of the convex cams.6. The articulation joint of claim 5 , wherein the holes have a flared shape with a first width on a side of the annular ring opposite a convex cam and a width that expands to form the slot as the hole extends through the convex cam.7. The articulation joint of claim 1 , wherein each annular ring is made of a polymer.8. The articulation joint of claim 7 , wherein the polymer is one of the polyurethane claim 7 , polypropylene claim 7 , or polyethylene. ...

METHODS, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY

A miniature, low cost mass spectrometer capable of unit resolution over a mass range of 10 to 50 AMU. The mass spectrometer incorporates several features that enhance the performance of the design over comparable instruments. An efficient ion source enables relatively low power consumption without sacrificing measurement resolution. Variable geometry mechanical filters allow for variable resolution. An onboard ion pump removes the need for an external pumping source. A magnet and magnetic yoke produce magnetic field regions with different flux densities to run the ion pump and a magnetic sector mass analyzer. An onboard digital controller and power conversion circuit inside the vacuum chamber allows a large degree of flexibility over the operation of the mass spectrometer while eliminating the need for high-voltage electrical feedthroughs. The miniature mass spectrometer senses fractions of a percentage of inlet gas and returns mass spectra data to a computer. 1. (canceled)2. A mass spectrometer , comprising:a vacuum housing defining a vacuum cavity;an electrode disposed within the vacuum cavity and configured to be charged to an electrode potential; anda conversion circuit, disposed within the vacuum cavity and operably coupled to the electrode, to convert an input voltage from a power source outside the vacuum cavity so as to provide the electrode potential for the electrode.3. The mass spectrometer of claim 2 , wherein the input voltage is up to 12 V claim 2 , and wherein an input current to the conversion circuit from the power source is from 0.5 A to 1.1 A.4. The mass spectrometer of claim 3 , wherein the electrode potential is from 100 V to 5 kV.5. The mass spectrometer of claim 2 , wherein the electrode is an electron source electrode disposed within the vacuum cavity and associated with an electron source of the mass spectrometer claim 2 , to generate one or more electrons.6. The mass spectrometer of claim 2 , wherein the electrode is an ion source electrode ...

Conducting polymer actuator

Embodiments of actuators having an active member including a polymer having a surface, an electrolyte coupled to the surface, and an electrolyte are provided. Actuators which, when an electrical potential is applied across the electrolyte between the active member and the counter electrode, exert force per unit area of at least 10 MPa are described. Particular designs utilizing stretch aligned conducting polymers as active members are discussed.

Contractile actuated bellows pump

A pump for impelling a fluid includes a first variable volume (9), the first variable volume (9) having a first inlet (13) for allowing the influx of the fluid into the first variable volume (9) and a first outlet (14) for allowing the efflux of the fluid out of the first variable volume (9) and a first membrane (1) defining at least a portion of the first variable volume (9). The pump also includes a first contractile actuator (5), for displacing the first membrane (1) from a first position to a second position in such a manner as to vary the first variable volume (9) and a second contractile actuator (6), for restoring the first membrane (1) from the second position to the first position in such a manner as to vary the first variable volume (9). A first check valve (17) is coupled to the first inlet (13) for regulating the influx of fluid into the first variable volume (9) through the first inlet (13) and a second check valve (18) is coupled to the first outlet (14) for regulating the efflux of the fluid out of the first variable volume (9) through the first outlet (14). In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the first and second contractile actuators (5, 6) is a linear actuator.

Contractile actuated bellows pump

A pump for impelling a fluid includes a first variable volume, the first variable volume having a first inlet for allowing the influx of the fluid into the first variable volume and a first outlet for allowing the efflux of the fluid out of the first variable volume and a first membrane defining at least a portion of the first variable volume. The pump also includes a first contractile actuator, for displacing the first membrane from a first position to a second position in such a manner as to vary the first variable volume and a second contractile actuator, for restoring the first membrane from the second position to the first position in such a manner as to vary the first variable volume. A first check valve is coupled to the first inlet for regulating the influx of fluid into the first variable volume through the first inlet and a second check valve is coupled to the first outlet for regulating the efflux of the fluid out of the first variable volume through the first outlet. In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the first and second contractile actuators is a linear actuator.

Automated method for simultaneous bubble detection and expulsion

A method and apparatus for detecting and removing air from a syringe containing a volume of liquid and a volume of gas is described. The method includes moving a piston in the syringe to expel gas through an orifice of the syringe, sensing a movement of the piston in the syringe, and determining when the volume of gas is expelled from the syringe based on a change in the sensed movement. Moving the piston may include applying oscillating force to the piston using an electromagnetic actuator, and displacement and speed of the piston during each oscillation may be sensed. Determining when the volume of gas is expelled may be based on a change in the sensed movement of the piston during one or more oscillations of the piston or based on a comparison to a given reference value.

Automated method for simultaneous bubble detection and expulsion

A method and apparatus for detecting and removing air from a syringe containing a volume of liquid and a volume of gas is described. The method includes moving a piston in the syringe to expel gas through an orifice of the syringe, sensing a movement of the piston in the syringe, and determining when the volume of gas is expelled from the syringe based on a change in the sensed movement. Moving the piston may include applying oscillating force to the piston using an electromagnetic actuator, and displacement and speed of the piston during each oscillation may be sensed. Determining when the volume of gas is expelled may be based on a change in the sensed movement of the piston during one or more oscillations of the piston or based on a comparison to a given reference value.

Controlled needle-free transport

A needle-free transdermal transport device for transferring a substance across a surface of a biological body includes a reservoir for storing the substance, a nozzle in fluid communication with the reservoir and a controllable electromagnetic actuator in communication with the reservoir. The actuator, referred to as a Lorentz force actuator, includes a stationary magnet assembly and a moving coil assembly. The coil assembly moves a piston having an end portion positioned within the reservoir. The actuator receives an electrical input and generates in response a corresponding force acting on the piston and causing a needle-free transfer of the substance between the reservoir and the biological body. The magnitude, direction and duration of the force are dynamically controlled (e.g., servo-controlled) by the electrical input and can be altered during the course of an actuation cycle. Beneficially, the actuator can be moved in different directions according to the electrical input.

Controlled needle-free eye injector

An eye injector for transferring a substance across the surface of the eye of an animal includes a needle-free injector and a patient positioning mechanism. The needle-free injector includes a reservoir for storing the substance to be transferred, a nozzle in fluid communication with the reservoir; and a controllable electromagnetic actuator in communication with the reservoir. The eye injector can also include a targeting light source for directing a beam of light into a pupil of the eye. The needle-free injector can be positioned adjacent to the lens of the eye, therefore producing a jet that intersects with the beam of light at a point at or near the retina.

Dispositivo inyector sin aguja con capacidad de autocarga.

un dispositivo de transporte transdérmico sin aguja incluye una cámara (900) para contener la sustancia a inyectar, una boquilla (910) en comunicación de fluido con la cámara, y un depósito de medicamento (950) para almacenar la sustancia a transferir a la cámara. El dispositivo de transporte transdérmico sin aguja también incluye un accionador electromagnético controlable de imán y bobina (242) en comunicación con la cámara. El accionador recibe una entrada eléctrica y genera en respuesta una fuerza. La fuerza produce entonces una transferencia sin aguja de la sustancia desde la cámara al cuerpo biológico. La fuerza es variable en respuesta a variaciones en la entrada recibida durante el accionamiento. El accionador toma la sustancia del depósito de medicamento o, alternativamente, la sustancia puede presurizarse desde el depósito de medicamento a la cámara por una fuente de presión.

Nonlinear system identification techniques and devices for discovering dynamic and static tissue properties

A device for measuring a mechanical property of a tissue includes a probe configured to perturb the tissue with movement relative to a surface of the tissue, an actuator coupled to the probe to move the probe, a detector configured to measure a response of the tissue to the perturbation, and a controller coupled to the actuator and the detector. The controller drives the actuator using a stochastic sequence and determines the mechanical property of the tissue using the measured response received from the detector. The probe can be coupled to the tissue surface. The device can include a reference surface configured to contact the tissue surface. The probe may include a set of interchangeable heads, the set including a head for lateral movement of the probe and a head for perpendicular movement of the probe. The perturbation can include extension of the tissue with the probe or sliding the probe across the tissue surface and may also include indentation of the tissue with the probe. In some embodiments, the actuator includes a Lorentz force linear actuator. The mechanical property may be determined using non-linear stochastic system identification. The mechanical property may be indicative of, for example, tissue compliance and tissue elasticity. The device can further include a handle for manual application of the probe to the surface of the tissue and may include an accelerometer detecting an orientation of the probe. The device can be used to test skin tissue of an animal, plant tissue, such as fruit and vegetables, or any other biological tissue.

Lorentz-Force Actuated Cleaning Device

A method of surface treatment includes sensing a surface condition and controlling ejection of a fluid jet against the surface to treat the surface based on the sensed condition. The fluid may be a liquid and may be carried in a self-contained reservoir in a handle of a fluid ejection device. The liquid can be a cleansing solution and may contain cleaning particles. The ejection can be controlled to clean a part of the surface at high pressure and to reduce pressure applied to another part of the surface, for example, to clean the surface. The method may further include automatically scanning the fluid jet relative to a handle of an injection device. In an embodiment, the fluid is ejected by means of a fluid ejector comprising a stationary magnet assembly providing a magnetic field and a coil assembly, slidably disposed with respect to the magnet assembly, the coil assembly driving ejection of the fluid jet. Sensing the surface condition can include measuring a response of the surface to a mechanical perturbation and may include sensing an acoustic signal reflected from the surface. The mechanical perturbation can include applied force and the measured response can include deformation of the surface. The method may further include mechanically disturbing the surface with the fluid jet. A surface treatment device includes a fluid ejector that ejects fluid against a surface and a servo controller controlling pressure of ejected fluid in response to a sensed surface condition. The fluid jet can have a diameter of less than 500 microns, a peak relative pressure of at least 1 kilopascal and velocity of at least 1 meter per second.

Needle-free transdermal transport device

A needle-free transdermal transport device (100) for transferring a substance across a surface (155) of a biological body (150) includes a reservoir (113) for storing the substance, a nozzle (114) in fluid communication with the reservoir and a controllable electromagnetic actuator (125) in communication with the reservoir. The actuator, referred to as a Lorentz force actuator, includes a stationary magnet assembly (105) and a moving coil assembly (104) . The coil assembly moves a piston (126) having an end portion positioned within the reservoir. The actuator receives an electrical input and generates in response a corresponding force acting on the piston and causing a needle-free transfer of the substance between the reservoir and the biological body. The magnitude, direction and duration of the force are dynamically controlled (e.g., servo-controlled) by the electrical input and can be altered during the course of an actuation cycle. Beneficially, the actuator can be moved in different directions according to the electrical input.

Injection methods using a servo-controlled needle-free injector

Microneedle transport device

A transdermal transport device includes a reservoir for holding a formulation of an active principle, and an array of needles which have bores in fluid communication with the reservoir to facilitate transporting the formulation to and from the reservoir through the needles. The device also includes a first actuator which drives the array of needles into the body, and a second actuator which pumps the formulation between the reservoir and the body through the needles. The first actuator is reversible to withdraw the needles from the body.

Apparatus and method for laser treatment with spectroscopic feedback

A platform Smart Scalpel system using rapid real-time feedback for effecting laser treatment. The platform system includes an imaging system for rapid real-time detection of tissue characteristics, a processing system for processing the detected characteristics, and a treatment system for effecting treatment in accordance with results of the processing. The platform system provides for preprogramming and real-time inputting conditions and parameters for diagnosis using the imaging system and/or treatment using the treatment system.

Debridement apparatus using linear lorentz-force motors

A debridement device having a controllable Lorentz-force actuator is disclosed. The debridement device includes a nozzle delivering a jet of debridement substance to a tissue and the jet is driven by the Lorentz-force actuator. The device may have a suction port for removing the debridement substance. A second Lorentz-force actuator can be used for each of the jet and suction. The first and second Lorentz-force actuators for the jet and suction can also be configured to provide for continuous jet injection and continuous suction. The device may include a second nozzle delivering a second jet of debridement substance to the region of tissue and the first and second jets may intersect and dissipate into a mist upon intersection to dissipate the kinetic energy of the jets. The Lorentz-force actuator may drive a reciprocating piston pump providing continuous pressure to the nozzles.

Surface injection drive

Articulation joint

An endoscopic imaging system includes a reusable control cabinet having a number of actuators that control the orientation of a lightweight endoscope that is connectable thereto. The endoscope is used with a single patient and is then disposed. The endoscope includes an illumination mechanism, an image sensor and an elongate shaft having one or more lumens located therein. A polymeric articulation joint at the distal end of the endoscope allows the distal end to be oriented by the control cabinet. The endoscope is coated with a hydrophilic coating that reduces its coefficient of friction and because it is lightweight, requires less force to advance it to a desired location within a patient.

Multi-link modular continuum robotic endoscope system

Robotic endoscopes have the potential to help endoscopists position tools during procedures, to propel the endoscope to the desired position, to automate functions and to prevent perforations during procedures. Modular architecture for a continuum robotic endoscope with multiple bending segments along the length of the endoscope. Each of the segments is modular, containing a set of actuation motors that drive short cables in the continuum segments.