BIOERNEUERBARE SCHNELL KRISTALLISIERENDE PHASENWECHSEL-DRUCKFARBEN

Eine Phasenwechsel-Druckfarbe, die sich für den Tintenstrahldruck, darunter der Druck auf beschichtete Papiersubstrate, eignet. Bei Ausführungsformen umfasst die Phasenwechsel-Druckfarbenzusammensetzung sowohl eine kristalline als auch eine amorphe Komponente, die aus bioerneuerbaren Materialien abgeleitet sind. Die Zusammensetzung stellt eine robuste Druckfarbenzusammensetzung mit schneller Kristallisation bereit.

Maschinenlesbares Codeformat

Tintenloses Druckpapier, auf dem wiederholt Bilder aufgezeichnet werden können und Verfahren

FLUORESCENCE INK WITH FIXED PHASE CHANGE AND INK SETS

DOCUMENT AND METHOD OF MAKING DOCUMENT INCLUDING INVISIBLE INFORMATION FOR SECURITY APPLICATIONS

A document includes paper having an average surface roughness of at least about 0.5 microns and including one or more optical brighteners, and include s at least one image thereon wherein the at least one image includes clear binder and light absorbing material that absorbs light only at wavelengths below 350 nm. The image is substantially not detectable to a naked human eye through differential gloss or exposure to light having wavelengths of 365 nm or more, but may be revealed to the naked human eye by exposing the document to light having a wavelength at whi ch the light absorbing material absorbs light.

TONER CONTAINING FLUORESCENT NONOPARTICLES

A method for making toners to include at least one nanoscale fluorescent pigment particle composition and/or a fluorescent organic nanoparticle composition. The particles are incorporated into emulsion of toner and used in making toner via emulsion aggregation. Such toners may have a core and/or a shell and the clay composites may be included within the core, the shell or both. The fluorescent organic nanoparticle composition includes a polymeric matrix obtained by modified EA latex process and/or emulsion polymerization and one or more fluorescent dyes and the nanoscale fluorescent pigment particle composition includes pigment molecules with at least one functional moiety, and a sterically bulky stabilizer compound including at least one functional group, the functional moiety of the pigment associates non-covalently with the functional group of the stabilizer, and the presence of the associated stabilizer limits the extent of particle growth and aggregation, to afford nanoscale-sized ...

SENSORS AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING WHETHER AN ITEM HAS BEEN EXPOSED TO AN ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION

A method for determining whether an item has been exposed to an environmental condition during a monitoring period. The method includes placing a sensor at least in proximity to the item at the beginning of the monitoring period so that the sensor will be exposed to a level of an environmental condition that can be correlated to an exposure level of the item to the environmental condition; reading the sensor; and determining from reading the sensor whether the item has been exposed to the environmental condition. The sensor includes a detecting material comprising a photochromic or photothermochromic material, the detecting material selected so that upon exposure to the environmental condition the detecting material exhibits a detectable color change.

PHASE CHANGE INKS COMPRISING ORGANIC PIGMENTS

A solid ink composition suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In particular, the solid ink composition comprises a crystalline compound, an amorphous compound, and an organic pigment, which provides for a robust and fast crystallizing ink.

FAST CRYSTALLIZING CRYSTALLINE-AMORPHOUS INK COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR MAKING THE SAME

A phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous component, and a crystalline material, which are suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In particular, the functional group(s) present in the amorphous component differ from the functional group(s) present in the crystalline component. In particular, the phase change inks compositions solidify fast and are suitable for high speed printing.

PHASE CHANGE INK COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING DIURETHANES AS AMORPHOUS MATERIALS

A phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous component, a crystalline material, and optionally, a colorant, which are suitable for high speed ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In embodiments, the amorphous component comprises a diurethane compound or derivatives thereof.

PHASE CHANGE INK COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING CRYSTALLINE SULFONE COMPOUNDS AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF

A phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous component, a crystalline component comprises a sulfone compound or derivatives thereof, and optionally, a colorant, which are suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates.

Ink composition and method of jetting ink

A phase change ink composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a crystalline component including a diamide compound with an aromatic ring core; an amorphous component; and optionally a colorant. Methods of printing the phase change ink composition are also disclosed.

Security system using conductive and non-conductive regions

Disclosed is an item, for example a document, including a substrate having thereon a multiplicity of separate printed markings, wherein the printed markings include both conductive printed markings and substantially non-conductive printed markings. The different conductive and substantially non-conductive regions on the substrate can be detected, for example by measuring the resistance or current of each printed marking. The pattern of different conductive and substantially non-conductive regions can be used as a security pattern of authenticity that cannot be replicated by standard office equipment, and/or can be used to encrypt information in binary code form in the item. A system for forming and detecting the different printed markings is also described.

Lower cost reusable polymer binder

Exemplary embodiments provide compositions for erasable media and methods of forming polymers for erasable media. The method can include providing a first monomer, the first monomer including one or more alkoxylated bisphenols and adding at least one second monomer and a catalyst to the first monomer to form a mixture at a first temperature, the second monomer selected from the group consisting of an organic diacid, a dialkyl ester of the organic diacid, and combinations thereof. The method can also include melt condensing the mixture by increasing the temperature from the first temperature to a second temperature over a first amount of time to form one or more polymers, wherein the one or more polymers has an acid value in the range of about 0.1 mg-KOH to about 12 mg-KOH.

BIO-RENEWABLE PHASE CHANGE INKS COMPRISING RECYCLED RESIN MATERIALS

A phase change ink composition suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In embodiments, the phase change ink composition comprises both a crystalline compound and an amorphous compound which are derived from bio-renewable and recycled starting materials. The composition provides for a robust, rapid crystallization ink composition. 2. The phase change ink of having at least 70% percent by weight of green content.3. The phase change ink of having greater than 95% green content.4. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component is derived from recycled oligomeric polyethylene terephthalate.5. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline compound is present in an amount of from about 60 percent to about 95 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.6. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous compound is present in an amount of from about 5 percent to about 40 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.7. The phase change ink of having a ratio of crystalline to amorphous ratio of from about 60:40 to about 95:5.8. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has a viscosity of less than 12 cps at a temperature of about 140° C.9. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has Tof less than 150° C.10. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has Tof greater than 60° C.11. The phase change ink of having a viscosity of from about 1 to about 22 cps in a jetting range of from about 100 to about 140° C.12. The phase change ink of having a viscosity of greater than about 10cps at room temperature.14. The phase change ink of claim 13 , wherein the crystalline component is derived from recycled oligomeric polyethylene terephthalate.15. The phase change ink of claim 13 , wherein the crystalline component is comprised of from about 60 to about 100% bio-renewable content.16. The phase ...

FLUORESCENT NANOSCALE PARTICLES

A nanoscale pigment particle composition includes a fluorescent compound, such as a benzothioxanthene pigment, including at least one functional moiety, and a stabilizer compound including at least one functional group, wherein the functional moiety associates non-covalently with the functional group; and the presence of the associated stabilizer limits the extent of particle growth and aggregation, to afford nanoscale-sized particles.

TONER PROCESSES

The present disclosure provides toners and processes for making said toners. In embodiments, the toners include a fluorescent additive having a fluorescent agent. Toners are colorless when viewed under natural light but when exposed to UV light of a specific wavelength the toners are rendered bright green due to the presence of the fluorescent agent.

LUMINESCENT MARKING MATERIAL

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a quantum dot-based luminescent marking material. SOLUTION: The luminescent marking material includes at least one luminescent material, which includes semiconductive nanoparticles (quantum dots), and at least one vehicle for delivering the luminescent material to an object. In some embodiments, the marking material is a toner composition, in which the vehicle is composed of toner particles, and the quantum dots are incorporated in the toner particles. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT ...

Leitfähige Metalldruckfarben mit Polyvinylbutyralbindemittel

Eine leitfähige Druckfarbe, die ein leitfähiges Material, ein thermoplastisches Polyvinylbutyralterpolymerbindemittel und ein Glykoletherlösungsmittel enthält. Das leitfähige Material kann ein leitfähiges Material sein, das ein leitfähiger Partikel mit einer durchschnittlichen Größe von ungefähr 0,5 bis ungefähr 10 µm und einem Aspektverhältnis von zumindest 3 zu 1 ist, z. B. eine Silberschuppe.

Heißschmelztinte und Druckverfahren

Heißschmelztinte, umfassend: einen kristallinen Bestandteil mit einer Viskosität von weniger als 12 mPa·s bei einer Temperatur von 140°C und einer Viskosität von mehr als 1 × 106 mPa·s bei Raumtemperatur; und einen amorphen Bestandteil mit einer Viskosität von weniger als 100 mPa·s bei einer Temperatur von 140°C und einer Viskosität von mehr als 1 × 106 mPa·s bei Raumtemperatur, wobei der kristalline Bestandteil ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe, bestehend ausStereoisomeren davon und Gemischen davon, und der amorphe Bestandteil ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe, bestehend ausStereoisomeren davon und Gemischen davon.

QUANTUM DOT-BASED LUMINESCENT MARKING MATERIAL

A luminescent marking material includes a luminescent material, which includes quantum dots, and a vehicle for delivering the luminescent material to an object. A method of embedding information on a substrate includes assigning information to luminescent material, which includes quantum dots, forming luminescent marking material by combining luminescent material and marking material, and creating an image on a substrate with the luminescent marking material. A system that embeds and recovers information on a substrate includes an ima ge forming device containing such a luminescent marking material for forming an image on the a substrate and a document reading device including a radiation emitting unit, which emits radiation that causes the luminescent marking material to illuminate, and a reader that detects the data on the substrate while the luminescent markin g material is illuminated.

SENSORS AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING WHETHER AN ITEM HAS BEEN EXPOSED TO AN ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION

A method for determining whether an item has been exposed to an environmental condition during a monitoring period. The method includes placing a sensor at least in proximity to the item at the beginning of the monitoring period so that the sensor will be exposed to a level of an environmental condition that can be correlated to an exposure level of the item to the environmental condition; reading the sensor; and determining from reading the sensor whether the item has been exposed to the environmental condition. The sensor includes a detecting material comprising a photochromic or photothermochromic material, the detecting material selected so that upon exposure to the environmental condition the detecting material exhibits a detectable color change.

TONER PROCESSES

The present disclosure provides toners and processes for making said toners. In embodiments, the toners are invisible when viewed under natural light, but possess a fluorescent agent that renders them visible when exposed to UV light of a specific wavelength. In other embodiments the toners have a color under natural light, and a different color when exposed to UV light.

TONERS WITH FLUORESCENCE AGENT AND TONER SETS INCLUDING THE TONERS

A toner set includes a plurality of toners, at least one toner but less than all toners of the toner set including binder, colorant and fluorescence agent and remaining additional toners including binder, colorant and free of fluorescence agent. At least a first toner grouping and a second toner grouping of the toner set form a combination, the first and second groupings of the combination exhibiting a substantially same color under ambient light conditions upon image formation. The first toner grouping and the second toner grouping of the combination contain a different amount of the fluorescence agent, wherein upon exposure to activating energy, the fluorescence agent fluoresces to cause a visible change in the color of a pattern formed in an image by the first toner grouping as compared to the second toner grouping.

CONDUCTIVE METAL INKS WITH POLYVINYLBUTYRAL AND POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE BINDER

A conductive ink includes a conductive material, a thermoplastic binder including a polyvinylbutyral terpolymer and a polyvinylpyrrolidone, and a solvent. The conductive material may be a conductive material is a conductive particulate having an average size of from about 0.5 to about 10 microns and as aspect ratio of at least about 3 to 1, such as a silver flake.

AQUEOUS INK COMPOSITION

An aqueous ink composition including water; a co-solvent; an encapsulated resinous pigment; a polymer latex; and a low molecular weight humectant solute; wherein the total solids content of the aqueous ink is from about 2 to about 25 percent by weight based on the total weight of the aqueous ink composition.

FILM-FORMING HYDROPHILIC POLYMERS FOR TRANSFIX PRINTING PROCESS

Provided is a coating composition for an image transfer member in an aqueous ink imaging system. The coating composition can include at least one hydrophilic polymer, at least one of hygroscopic plasticizer, at least one surfactant, and water.

BIO-RENEWABLE FAST CRYSTALLIZING PHASE CHANGE INKS

A phase change ink composition suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In embodiments, the phase change ink composition comprises both a crystalline component and an amorphous component which are derived from bio-renewable materials. The composition provides for a robust, rapid crystallization ink composition.

FLUORESCENT SECURITY ENABLED INK FOR DIGITAL OFFSET PRINTING APPLICATIONS

An ink composition useful for digital offset printing applications comprises a fluorescent colorant and a plurality of curable compounds. The compounds have Hansen solubility parameters as described herein, and the resulting ink composition is both compatible with certain dampening fluids and has certain rheological properties, including a low viscosity. The fluorescent ink composition is useful for printing security features at high speed in short runs with customized data to produce anti-counterfeit packaging.

MAGNETIC TONER COMPOSITIONS

The present disclosure relates to a process for preparing a polyester-based magnetic toner composition. The toner composition includes one or more polyester amorphous binder resins, optionally a crystalline polyester resin, and spherical barium iron oxide particles. In embodiments, the toner is prepared from barium iron oxide particles that are in a dispersion including water and a dispersant. In yet other embodiments, the process may be conducted under an inert gas such as argon to avoid oxidation of the ferromagnetic particles during toner preparation. 1. An emulsion aggregation toner comprising:at least one resin in combination with one or more optional ingredients selected from the group consisting of colorants, waxes, and combinations thereof; anda plurality of magnetic metal oxide nanoparticles,{'sub': x', 'y', 'z, 'wherein the magnetic metal oxide is of the formula MNO, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Ni, Mg, Cu, Zn, Ba, Sr, and combinations thereof, N is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, and combinations thereof, x is from 0.1 to 20, y is from 1 to 20, and z is from 1 to 40.'}2. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of magnetic metal oxide nanoparticles have a diameter of from about 1 nm to about 1000 nm.3. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of magnetic metal oxide nanoparticles possess a circularity of from about 0.65 to about 1.4. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of magnetic metal oxide nanoparticles have a diameter of from about 2 nm to about 200 nm.5. The toner of claim 1 , wherein plurality of magnetic metal oxide nanoparticles are present in an amount from about 2% by weight to about 50% by weight of the toner particles.6. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the at least one resin comprises at least one amorphous resin in combination with at least one crystalline resin.8. A process comprising: 'aggregating the mixture at a pH from about 1 to about 6 to form particles;', 'contacting at ...

Phase Change Magnetic Ink Comprising Polymer Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles And Process For Preparing Same

A phase change magnetic ink and process for preparing same including comprising a phase change ink carrier; an optional colorant; an optional dispersant; an optional synergist; an optional antioxidant; and a polymer coated magnetic nanoparticle comprising a magnetic core and a polymeric shell disposed thereover.

Domain size controlled liquid crystals

A device composed of: a liquid crystal composition including a liquid crystal and a liquid crystal domain stabilizing compound, wherein die liquid crystal composition is switchable between a strongly scattering state of a first plurality of smaller liquid crystal domains that strongly scatters a predetermined light and a weakly scattering state of a second plurality of larger liquid crystal domains that weakly scatters the predetermined light; and a liquid crystal containment structure defining a space for the liquid crystal composition.

PROCESSES FOR FORMATION OF POROUS BIOLOGICALLY COMPATIBLE SCAFFOLD STRUCTURES

A method of forming a porous structure involves mixing a solvent with a curable material which disperses in the solvent such that the mixture has greater than 50% solvent content. The mixture is deposited on a substrate and viscosity of the mixture is increased. The curable material in the mixture is cured while a shape of the curable material is maintained by the solvent. After curing, the solvent is removed from the structure. 1. A method of forming a porous structure , comprising:mixing a solvent with a curable material which disperses in the solvent to form a mixture comprising greater than 50% solvent content;depositing the mixture on a substrate;increasing the viscosity of the mixture;curing the curable material while a shape of the curable material is maintained by the solvent; andremoving the solvent from the structure.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture further comprises one or more of fillers claim 1 , polymers claim 1 , and nanoparticles.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein increasing the viscosity of the mixture comprises reducing the temperature.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein increasing the viscosity of the mixture comprises chemically reacting the solvent.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein increasing the viscosity of the mixture comprises increasing the viscosity due to non-Newtonian behavior of the solvent.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein increasing the viscosity of the mixture comprises using shear controlling particles in the mixture7. The method of claim 1 , wherein removing the solvent comprises vacuum removal of the solvent.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein removing the solvent comprises dissolving the solvent in a second solvent.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein removing the solvent comprises melting the solvent.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein curing the curable material and removing the solvent causes shrinkage less than about 20% of the structure11. The method of claim 1 , wherein curing the curable material and removing ...

Phase change ink compositions comprising diurethanes as amorphous materials

A phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous component, a crystalline material, and optionally, a colorant, which are suitable for high speed ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In embodiments, the amorphous component comprises a diurethane compound or derivatives thereof.

CHOLESTERIC MULTICOLOR LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize a practical multicolor electronic paper having low power consumption by lowering the operating voltage of a single-layer cholesteric multicolor display from the present level. SOLUTION: The cholesteric display structure is formed by using a cholesteric liquid crystal 10 reflecting light of a visible spectrum range and a dipolar dopant 18 mixed in the cholesteric liquid crystal 10 and having limited miscibility or limited solubility. The cholesteric structure is formed by dissolving the dipolar dopant 18 in the cholesteric liquid crystal 10 between liquid crystal display wells 12 and 14. The cholesteric liquid crystal 10 is forcedly rotated in the direction separating from a planer state (θ=0) by the rotation of the dipolar dopant 18 by the application of electric field. The rotation angle is a function of the applied field intensity. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI ...

Klare Deckschichtzusammensetzung und Verfahren zu ihrer Verwendung und Detektion

Die vorliegenden Ausführungsformen beziehen sich allgemein auf eine neuartige klare oder farblose Deckschichtzusammensetzung zur Beschichtung von z. B. tintenbasierten Bildern oder xerografischen Bildern. Die als Basis für eine klare Feststofftinte verwendbare Deckschichtzusammensetzung umfasst ein oder mehrere UV-absorbierende Additive. Ferner beinhalten die vorliegenden Ausführungsformen Verfahren zur Verwendung und Detektion der Deckschichtzusammensetzung in Verbindung mit einem Substrat, beispielsweise einem mit Bildern bedruckten Substrat.

Particulate magnetic toner composition

An emulsion aggregation toner in particulate form comprises: at least one resin and a plurality of magnetic metal oxide nanoparticles, wherein the magnetic metal oxide has the formula MxNyOz, where M is selected from Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ba, Sr and combinations thereof, x is from 0.1 to 20, y is from 1 to 20 and z is from 1 to 40. The particle size is preferably in the diameter range 1nm to 1000nm with a circularity of 0.65 to 1. A preferred toner comprises a plurality of magnetic oxide nanoparticles in the form of barium iron oxide nanoparticles. The toner composition includes one or more polyester amorphous binder resins, optionally a cystalline polyester resin, and spherical barium iron oxide particles. In embodiments, the toner is prepared from barium iron oxide particles that are in a dispersion including water and a dispersant. In yet other embodiments, the process may be conducted under an inert gas such as argon to avoid oxidation of the ferromagnetic particles during toner preparation ...

SOLID PHASE CHANGE FLUORESCENT INK AND INK SETS

An ink set includes a plurality of inks, at least one ink but less than all inks of the ink set including an ink vehicle, colorant and fluorescence agent and remaining additional inks including an ink vehicle, colorant and free of fluorescence agent. At least a first ink grouping and a second ink grouping of the ink set form a combination, the first and second groupings of the combination exhibiting a substantially same color under ambient light conditions upon image formation. The first ink grouping and the second ink grouping of the combination contain a different amount of the fluorescence agent, wherein upon exposure to activating energy, the fluorescence agent fluoresces to cause a visible change in the color of a pattern formed in an image by the first ink grouping as compared to the second ink grouping.

INK WITH ENHANCED WETTING PROPERTIES

An ink for a printer may include one or more latexes in an amount from about 0.1 wt% to about 15 wt%, one or more amines in an amount from about 0 wt% to about 2 wt%, and one or more pigments in an amount from about 0.5 wt% to about 8 wt%. The ink may also include four or more solvents that, in the aggregate, are present in an amount from about 10 wt% to about 50 wt%. The ink may further include one or more surfactants in an amount from about 0.001 wt% to about 3 wt%.

PHASE CHANGE INKS COMPRISING ORGANIC PIGMENTS

A solid ink composition suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In particular, the solid ink composition comprises a crystalline compound, an amorphous compound, and an organic pigment, which provides for a robust and fast crystallizing ink.

PRODUCING METHOD OF A TONER FOR SHOWING DIFFERENT COLORS UNDER NATURAL LIGHT AND UV LIGHT, AND THE TONER

PURPOSE: A producing method of a toner for showing different colors under natural light and UV light, and the toner are provided to apply the toner for preparing secret documents. CONSTITUTION: A producing method of a toner for showing different colors under natural light and UV light comprises the following steps: preparing a first toner composition containing amorphous resins, crystalline resin, a coloring agent, wax, and more than one component capable of emitting light under the UV light with the wavelength of 10~400nm; preparing more than one additional toner composition; applying the toner compositions to a substrate; and exposing the toner compositions to the UV light. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2011 ...

Black/white cholesteric bistable display with increased white reflectivity

A cholesteric display is provided including a bistable liquid crystalline mixture contained between a first substrate and a second substrate of a liquid crystal cell, and a polymer network orthogonally oriented with respect to the substrates, thereby defining liquid crystal domains, with a dipolar dopant dissolved in the liquid crystalline mixture. A process for producing a cholesteric display is also provided.

OPFERBESCHICHTUNG UND DRUCKAPPARAT FÜR INDIREKTEN DRUCK, DER OPFERBESCHICHTUNG AUF ZWISCHENÜBERTRAGUNGSELEMENT EINSETZT

Es wird eine Beschichtungszusammenstellung für ein Bildübertragungselement in einem Bildgebungssystem mit wässriger Tinte offenbart. Die Beschichtungszusammensetzung umfasst mindestens ein Polymer, das aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus i) Polyvinylalkohol und ii) einem Copolymer aus Polyvinylalkohol und Alken-Monomeren besteht, mindestens ein hygroskopisches Material und mindestens ein Tensid. Ein Druckapparat für indirekten Druck und ein indirekter Druckprozess, die die Beschichtungszusammensetzung einsetzen, werden ebenfalls offenbart.

PHASENWECHSELTINTEN MIT KRISTALLIN-AMORPHEN GEMISCHEN

Eine Phasenwechseltinte, geeignet für Tintenstrahldruck, einschließlich Drucks auf beschichtete Papiersubstrate. In Ausführungsformen umfasst die Phasenwechseltinte eine amorphe Verbindung und eine kristalline Verbindung, welche von biologisch erneuerbaren Materialien abgeleitet ist. Die Zusammensetzung sorgt für eine robuste Tintenzusammensetzung mit schneller Kristallisation.

PHOTOCHROMI MEANS WITH DELETION ABILITY ON REQUEST

MACHINE READABLE CODE COMPRISING ULTRA-VIOLET CURABLE GELLANT INKS

A method for embedding information on a substrate including converting information to machine readable code, wherein the code comprises a set of intended printed markings, wherein each intended printed marking of the set has a predetermined height on a substrate and represents a predetermined value, wherein intended printed markings having a same predetermined height represent a same data value, and wherein intended printed markings representing different data values have different heights; and printing the machine readable code on the substrate by depositing an ultra-violet curable phase change ink comprising an optional colorant and a phase change ink vehicle comprising a radiation curable monomer or prepolymer; a photoinitiator; a reactive wax; and a gellant and curing the deposited ink, such that each of the intended printed markings is formed as a printed marking with the predetermined height.

REVERSE WRITE ERASABLE PAPER

An image-forming medium and methods for forming and imaging the medium are provided. The disclosed medium can be strongly colored under room illumination (or deliberate UV) and can be selectively discolored at an appropriate light wavelength to form an image. In one embodiment, the image-forming medium can include a substrate (e.g., a sheet of paper), a photochromic material incorporated with the substrate, and a photo-absorbing material incorporated with the photochromic material. Exemplary methods for using the image-forming medium to make a transient image can include first forming the image-forming medium by applying a coating solution containing photochromic material to the substrate or paper. The image-forming medium can have a medium color and can then be selectively exposed to a radiation through a mask to convert the photochromic material from a colored form to a colorless form and thus to form an image having a color contrast with its background.

REVERSE WRITE ERASABLE PAPER

MAGNETIC TONER COMPOSITIONS

The present disclosure relates to a process for preparing a polyester-based magnetic toner composition. The toner composition includes one or more polyester amorphous binder resins, optionally a cystalline polyester resin, and spherical barium iron oxide particles. In embodiments, the toner is prepared from barium iron oxide particles that are in a dispersion including water and a dispersant. In yet other embodiments, the process may be conducted under an inert gas such as argon to avoid oxidation of the ferromagnetic particles during toner preparation.

PHASE CHANGE INK COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING SAME

A process for preparing a phase change ink including (a) subjecting a white colorant to acoustic mixing at an acceleration of from about 30 to about 110 g; (b) optionally, adding a dispersant and subjecting the white colorant and dispersant to further acoustic mixing at an acceleration of from about 30 to about 110 g; (c) separately melt mixing an optional antioxidant, an optional synergist, and a phase change ink carrier comprising (i) a branched triamide and (ii) a polyethylene wax, a Fischer Tropsch wax, or a mixture or combination thereof, to form a melt mixture; (d) adding the melt mixture of (c) to the acoustically mixed white colorant of (a) or (b) with stirring; (e) optionally, adding a fluorescent dye with stirring; and (d) optionally, filtering the phase change ink.

FAST CRYSTALLIZING CRYSTALLINE-AMORPHOUS INK COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR MAKING THE SAME

A phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous component, and a crystalline material, which are suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In particular, the functional group(s) present in the amorphous component differ from the functional group(s) present in the crystalline component. In particular, the phase change inks compositions solidify fast and are suitable for high speed printing.

PHOTOCHROMIC SECURITY ENABLED INK FOR DIGITAL OFFSET PRINTING APPLICATIONS

An ink composition useful for digital offset printing applications comprises a photochromic material and a plurality of curable compounds. The compounds have Hansen solubility parameters as described herein, and the resulting ink composition is both compatible with certain dampening fluids and has certain rheological properties, including a low viscosity. The photochromic ink compositions are useful for providing security information in certain printing applications.

PHASE CHANGE INK COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING AROMATIC ETHERS

A phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous component, a crystalline material, and optionally, a colorant, which are suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In particular, the crystalline component comprises an aromatic ether.

PHASE CHANGE INKS COMPRISING INORGANIC NUCLEATING AGENTS

A solid ink composition suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In particular, the solid ink composition comprises a crystalline compound, an amorphous compound, and an inorganic nucleating agent, which provides for a robust and fast printing ink.

SOLID INK COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING CRYSTALLINE-AMORPHOUS MIXTURES

A solid ink composition comprising an amorphous component, a crystalline material, and optionally, a colorant, which are suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In embodiments, the solid ink formulation comprises a blend of an amorphous and crystalline components which provides a solid ink with excellent robustness when forming images or printing on coated paper substrates.

CONDUCTIVE METAL INKS WITH POLYVINYLBUTYRAL AND POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE BINDER

A conductive ink includes a conductive material, a thermoplastic binder including a polyvinylbutyral terpolymer and a polyvinylpyrrolidone, and a solvent. The conductive material may be a conductive material is a conductive particulate having an average size of from about 0.5 to about 10 microns and as aspect ratio of at least about 3 to 1, such as a silver flake.

Photochromic paper with improved bistability

An image forming medium including at least a polymer and a photochromic compound such as spiropyran embedded in the polymer, wherein spiropyran molecules of the spiropyran compound are chelated by a cation.

Fast crystallizing crystalline-amorphous ink compositions and methods for making the same

A phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous component, and a crystalline material, which are suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In particular, the functional group(s) present in the amorphous component differ from the functional group(s) present in the crystalline component. In particular, the phase change inks compositions solidify fast and are suitable for high speed printing.

METHOD TO PRODUCE COLORLESS, HIGH POROSITY, TRANSPARENT POLYMER AEROGELS

A method to produce a polymer gel includes dissolving precursors in a solvent to form a precursor solution, the precursors including polymer precursors, a stable free radical, one or more initiating radicals, and one or more stable free radical control agents, and heating the precursor solution to a temperature of polymerization to produce a cross-linked gel. A dried polymer aerogel has a Brunauer-Emmett Teller (BET) surface area over 100 m2/g, porosity of greater than 10%, visible transparency greater than 20%, color rendering index of over 20%, and average pore size of less than 100 nm. 1. A method to produce a polymer gel , comprising:dissolving precursors in a solvent to form a precursor solution, the precursors including polymer precursors, a stable free radical, one or more initiating radicals, and one or more stable free radical control agents; andheating the precursor solution to a temperature of polymerization to produce a cross-linked gel.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stable free radical control agent comprises one or more reducing agents.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stable free radical control agent comprises one or more time-controlled decomposing initiators.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stable free radical control agent comprises a mixture of one or more reducing agents and one or more time-controlled decomposing initiators.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising mixing and deoxygenating the mixture of precursors in solvent.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer precursors comprise from at least one selected from a first group consisting of: difunctional monomers with two vinyl groups; crosslinkers with three or more vinyl groups; divinylbenzene claim 1 , tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate; hexanediol diacrylate; butanediol diacrylate; hexanediol dimethacrylate; butanediol dimethacrylate; trimethacryl adamantine; dipentaerythritol pentacrylate; and one of either alone or combined with at least one selected ...

Electrophoretic display device

An electrophoretic display device includes a multiplicity of individual reservoirs containing a display medium between conductive substrates, at least one of which is transparent, wherein the display medium includes one or more set of colored particles in a dielectric fluid, and wherein the multiplicity of individual reservoirs are defined by a unitary grid whose walls segregate the reservoirs. The gird may be formed via photolithography or from a master stamp derived from a mold of the grid pattern.

Tintenloses Druckpapier auf dem wiederholt Bilder aufgezeichnet werden können und Verfahren

COLORIMETRIC DRUG TEST STRIP USING POROUS SUPPORT MATERIAL

A test strip includes a substantially transparent substrate and one or more colorimetric test spots on the transparent substrate. Each colorimetric test spot has one or more sensing chemicals chemically attached onto a porous support material. The porous support material has at least one exposed surface configured to absorb a body fluid. The one or more sensing chemicals are configured to change a color in response to a presence of a target drug in the body fluid. Collect a sample of body fluid with an absorbent swab /600 Place the swab with the collected sample into a test -601 chamber of atest apparatus Cause contact between the swab and a test strip in the 602 test chamber Illuminating a colorimetric test spot of the test strip and 603 detect a wavelength emitted therefrom for first and second readings Based on a difference between the first and second readings that indicates a color change of the colorimetric 604 test spot, determine anumeric value for a concentration of a drug Provide ...

INK COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF DETERMINING A DEGREE OF CURING OF THE INK COMPOSITION

A silver paste ink composition comprises a plurality of first particles comprising silver; a polymer binder; a carrier solvent; and a plurality of second particles comprising silver. The second particles are nanoparticles that are different than the first silver particles, the amount of second particles in the ink composition being sufficient to impart a first color to the uncured ink composition, the first color being different than the color of the same ink composition without the nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles have a property of causing a change in the color of the ink composition when the ink composition is cured.

PHASE CHANGE INK COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING DIURETHANES AS AMORPHOUS MATERIALS

A phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous component, a crystalline material, and optionally, a colorant, which are suitable for high speed ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In embodiments, the amorphous component comprises a diurethane compound or derivatives thereof.

PHASE CHANGE INK COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING CRYSTALLINE DIURETHANES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF

A phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous component, a crystalline material, and optionally, a colorant, which are suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates and are suitable for fast printing processes. In particular, the crystalline component comprises a diurethane compound or derivatives thereof.

SOLVENT BASED MAGNETIC INK COMPRISING CARBON COATED MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING SAME

A magnetic ink including an organic solvent; an optional dispersant; an optional synergist; an optional antioxidant; an optional viscosity controlling agent; an optional colorant; an optional binder; and a carbon coated magnetic nanoparticle comprising a magnetic core and a carbon shell disposed thereover.

Tintenloses Druckpapier auf dem wiederholt Bilder aufgezeichnet werden können und Verfahren

TONER COMPOSITIONS

The present disclosure provides resins having fluorescent agents suitable fo r use in toner compositions that are capable of imparting fluorescent properties t o images printed with the toners.

INKLESS REIMAGEABLE PRINTING PAPER AND METHOD

An image forming medium includes a substrate, and an imaging layer coated on or impregnated into said substrate, wherein the imaging layer includes an imagi ng composition including a photochromic or photochromic-thermochromic material dissolved or dispersed in a solvent or polymeric binder, wherein the imaging composition is imageable by light of a first wavelength and erasable in a short time period by a combination of heat and light of a second wavelength such that simultaneous erase with heat and light of the second wavelength is faster than erase by heat alone a nd exhibits a reversible transition between a colorless and a colored state.

FLUORESCENT PHASE CHANGE INK COMPOSITIONS

A phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous component, a crystalline material, a fluorescent material and optionally, a non-fluorescent colorant, which are suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. The novel phase change ink formulation allows the ink to change color when exposed to UV light, reversibly and multiple times, providing an ink suitable for use in security applications.

CARMINE COLORANTS

The present disclosure provides a modified carmine which can comprise polymers, such as, polyesters, or conjugating molecules, such as, polycarboxylic acids.

UV CURABLE TRANSFIX LAYER PRINTING SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DIGITAL OFFSET PRINTING

The disclosed systems and methods provide an ink-based digital printing system for printing high quality images on a wide latitude of image receiving media. The disclosed systems and methods employ a UV curable base (transfix) layer deposited on an intermediate image transfer member that is then at least partially cured prior to an aqueous ink being deposited on the base layer to form a digital image thereon. Once the images are formed on the base layer, a drying device is optionally used to reduce a water content of the aqueous ink images on the base layer prior to transfer of the images to an image receiving media substrate. At transfer, the images and at least a portion of the base layer are transferred to the image receiving media substrate, the images being sandwiched between the portion of the base layer and the image receiving media substrate.

PHOTOCHROMIC SECURITY ENABLED INK FOR DIGITAL OFFSET PRINTING APPLICATIONS

An ink composition useful for digital offset printing applications comprises a photochromic material and a plurality of curable compounds. The compounds have Hansen solubility parameters as described herein, and the resulting ink composition is both compatible with certain dampening fluids and has certain rheological properties, including a low viscosity. The photochromic ink compositions are useful for providing security information in certain printing applications.

PHASE CHANGE INKS COMPRISING INORGANIC NUCLEATING AGENTS

A solid ink composition suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In particular, the solid ink composition comprises a crystalline compound, an amorphous compound, and an inorganic nucleating agent, which provides for a robust and fast printing ink.

CLEAR OVERCOAT COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR USING AND DETECTING THE SAME

Present embodiments generally relate to a novel clear or colorless overcoat composition that may be used for overcoating, for example, ink based images and xerographic images. The overcoat composition, which may be used as a base for a clear solid ink, comprises one or more ultraviolet (UV) absorbing additives. Also included in the present embodiments is a method for using and detecting the overcoat composition in connection with a substrate, for example, a substrate that includes printed images thereon.

Phase change inks comprising novel crystalline compounds

A phase change ink composition suitable for ink jet printing, including robust printing on coated paper substrates. In embodiments, the phase change ink composition comprises both a crystalline compound and an amorphous compound which are derived from bio-renewable materials. In particular, the present embodiments provide novel crystalline compounds with at least two aromatic moieties for use in the phase change inks.

Liquid crystal compositions including dispersant

A device composed of: (1) a liquid crystal composition including a liquid crystal, a liquid crystal domain stabilizing compound, and a dispersant, wherein the liquid crystal composition is switchable between a strongly scattering state of a first plurality of smaller liquid crystal domains that strongly scatters a predetermined light and a weakly scattering state of a second plurality of larger liquid crystal domains that weakly scatters the predetermined light; and (2) a liquid crystal containment structure defining a space for the liquid crystal composition.

FLOWING ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL WITH IMPROVED PERFORMANCE AND STABILITY

A flowing electrolyte fuel cell system design (DHCFC-Flow) is provided. The use of a flowing oxygen-saturated electrolyte in a fuel cell offers a significant enhancement in the cell performance characteristics. The mass transfer and reaction kinetics of the superoxide/peroxide/oxide ion (mobile oxygen ion species) in the fuel cell are enhanced by recirculating an oxidizing gas-saturated electrolyte. Recirculating oxygen-saturated electrolyte through a liquid channel enhances the maximal current observed in a fuel cell. The use of a oxygen saturated electrolyte ensures that the reaction kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction are fast and the use of convection ameliorates concentration gradients and the diffusion-limited maximum current density. The superoxide ion is generated in situ by the reduction of the oxygen dissolved in the gaseous electrolyte. Also, a dual porosity membrane allows the uniform flow of fuel (e.g., methane) on the fuel side, without allowing phase mixing. The capillary pressure for liquid intrusion into the gas phase and vice versa is quite large, estimated to be 1-10 psi. This makes it easier to control the fluctuations in gas/liquid velocity which might otherwise lead to phase mixing and the loss of fuel cell performance. In one variation, a dual-porosity membrane structure is incorporated in the system to allow uniform flow of fuel and prevent mixing of fuel with a liquid electrolyte.

Lightfast solid ink compositions

A solid ink composition comprising an amorphous component, a crystalline material, and optionally, a colorant, which are suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In embodiments, the solid ink formulation comprises a blend of an amorphous and crystalline components which provides a dye-based solid ink with excellent robustness when forming images or printing on coated paper substrates as well as excellent lightfastness.

TONER PROCESSES

The present disclosure provides toners and processes for making said toners. In embodiments, the toners are invisible when viewed under natural light, but possess a UV additive that renders them visible when exposed to UV light of a specific wavelength. By selecting the appropriate UV additive and ionic crosslinker, with optional chelating agent, the gloss of the toner may be tailored to match the gloss of any substrate, such as paper, to which the toner is to be applied, thereby further enhancing its invisibility under visible light.

Drucksystem und Verfahren für den digitalen Offsetdruck mit UV-härtbarer Transfixierschicht

Die offenbarten Systeme und Verfahren stellen ein druckfarbenbasiertes digitales Drucksystem zum Drucken von hochwertigen Bildern auf einer großen Bandbreite von Bildaufnahmemedien bereit. Die offenbarten Systeme und Verfahren setzten eine UV-härtbare Basis-(Transfixier)-Schicht ein, die auf ein Bildübertragungszwischenelement aufgebracht wird, das dann mindestens teilweise gehärtet wird, bevor eine wässrige Druckfarbe auf die Basisschicht aufgebracht wird, um eine digitales Bild darauf zu erzeugen. Nach Erzeugen der Bilder auf der Basisschicht wird wahlweise eine Trocknungsvorrichtung verwendet, um einen Wassergehalt der Bilder mit wässriger Druckfarbe auf der Basisschicht vor der Übertragung der Bilder auf ein Bildaufnahmemediensubstrat zu reduzieren. Bei Übertragung werden die Bilder und mindestens ein Abschnitt der Basisschicht auf das Bildaufnahmemediensubstrat Übertragen, wobei die Bilder zwischen dem Abschnitt der Basisschicht und dem Bildaufnahmemediensubstrat übertragen werden.

PHASE CHANGE INK COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING CRYSTALLINE DIURETHANES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF

A phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous component, a crystalline material, and optionally, a colorant, which are suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates and are suitable for fast printing processes. In particular, the crystalline component comprises a diurethane compound or derivatives thereof.

PHASE CHANGE INK COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING SAME

A process for preparing a phase change ink including (a) subjecting a white colorant to acoustic mixing at an acceleration of from about 30 to about 110 g; (b) optionally, adding a dispersant and subjecting the white colorant and dispersant to further acoustic mixing at an acceleration of from about 30 to about 110 g; (c) separately melt mixing an optional antioxidant, an optional synergist, and a phase change ink carrier comprising (i) a branched triamide and (ii) a polyethylene wax, a Fischer Tropsch wax, or a mixture or combination thereof, to form a melt mixture; (d) adding the melt mixture of (c) to the acoustically mixed white colorant of (a) or (b) with stirring; (e) optionally, adding a fluorescent dye with stirring; and (d) optionally, filtering the phase change ink.

CARMINE COLORANTS

A compound comprises: a polymer having a backbone; and a biobased colorant comprising a carmine moiety; wherein the carmine moiety is one of (a) an integral part of the polymer backbone; and (b) covalently attached to a reaction site on the polymer.

AQUEOUS INK COMPOSITION

An aqueous ink composition including water; a co-solvent; an encapsulated resinous pigment; a polymer latex; and a low molecular weight humectant solute; wherein the total solids content of the aqueous ink is from about 2 to about 25 percent by weight based on the total weight of the aqueous ink composition.

SACRIFICIAL COATING AND INDIRECT PRINTING APPARATUS EMPLOYING SACRIFICIAL COATING ON INTERMEDIATE TRANSFER MEMBER

A coating composition for an image transfer member in an aqueous ink imaging system is disclosed. The coating composition comprises: at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of i) polyvinyl alcohol and ii) a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and alkene monomers; at least one hygroscopic material; and at least one surfactant. An indirect printing apparatus and an indirect printing process employing the coating composition are also disclosed.

INK WITH ENHANCED WETTING PROPERTIES

An ink for a printer may include one or more latexes in an amount from about 0.1 wt% to about 15 wt%, one or more amines in an amount from about 0 wt% to about 2 wt%, and one or more pigments in an amount from about 0.5 wt% to about 8 wt%. The ink may also include four or more solvents that, in the aggregate, are present in an amount from about 10 wt% to about 50 wt%. The ink may further include one or more surfactants in an amount from about 0.001 wt% to about 3 wt%.

INK COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF DETERMINING A DEGREE OF CURING OF THE INK COMPOSITION

A silver paste ink composition comprises a plurality of first particles comprising silver; a polymer binder; a carrier solvent; and a plurality of second particles comprising silver. The second particles are nanoparticles that are different than the first silver particles, the amount of second particles in the ink composition being sufficient to impart a first color to the uncured ink composition, the first color being different than the color of the same ink composition without the nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles have a property of causing a change in the color of the ink composition when the ink composition is cured.

FLUORESCENT SECURITY PHASE CHANGE INK

Disclosed is a fluorescent ink containing more than one fluorescent materials that upon exposure to different excitation wavelengths emits different color. Also disclosed is a process of authentication using said fluorescent ink.

FLUORESCENT SECURITY ENABLED INK FOR DIGITAL OFFSET PRINTING APPLICATIONS

An ink composition useful for digital offset printing applications comprises a fluorescent colorant and a plurality of curable compounds. The compounds have Hansen solubility parameters as described herein, and the resulting ink composition is both compatible with certain dampening fluids and has certain rheological properties, including a low viscosity. The fluorescent ink composition is useful for printing security features at high speed in short runs with customized data to produce anti-counterfeit packaging.

ULTRA-VIOLET CURABLE GELLANT INKS FOR BRAILLE, RAISED PRINT, AND REGULAR PRINT APPLICATIONS

An ink jet printing device including an ink jet print head and a print region surface toward which ink is jetted from the ink jet print head, wherein a height distance between the ink jet print head and the print region surface is adjustable; wherein the ink jet print head jets an ultra-violet curable phase change ink composition comprising an optional colorant and a phase change ink vehicle comprising a radiation curable monomer, or prepolymer; a photoinitiator; a reactive wax; and a gellant; wherein a print deposited upon the print region surface is Braille, raised print, or a combination of regular print and one or both of Braille and raised print.

COMBINED INKJET AND PHOTOCHROMIC REUSABLE PAPER PERSONAL PRINTER

A printing system and method combine conventional print and reusable print media functionality in a shared stand-alone system to allow a user flexibility in deciding whether to print a temporary document or an archival permanent document. The system integrates and shares functionality to reduce manufacturing and operating costs, as well as to reduce the device's footprint. Commonality may include a common printhead shuttling mechanism (traversing carriage) and portions of the mechanism for moving paper. Pre-conditioning and printzone conditioning stations may also be shared to achieve precondition heating and/or erasing of media sheets prior to printing and maintaining of an elevated temperature during printing. In embodiments, separate feed trays are provided for each media sheet type.

Toner compositions

The present disclosure provides resins having fluorescent agents suitable for use in toner compositions that are capable of imparting fluorescent properties to images printed with the toners.

MACHINE-READABLE CODE FORMAT

Disclosed is a machine readable cord of a set of printed markings, wherein each printed marking of the set has a predetermined height on a substrate and represents a predetermined date value, wherein printed markings having a same predetermined height represent a same data value, and wherein printed markings representing different data values have different heights. Also disclosed is a system for embedding and recovering information on a substrate, including an image forming device containing at least one marking material, wherein the image forming device receives data, corresponding to the information, for forming machine readable code in accordance with claim 1 on an image receiving substrate, and forms an image including the machine readable code on the image receiving substrate with the at least one marking material, and a document reading device comprising a reader that detects the differences in height among the different printed markings of the machine readable code.

Clear overcoat compositions and methods for using and detecting the same

Present embodiments generally relate to a novel clear or colorless overcoat composition that may be used for overcoating, for example, ink based images and xerographic images. The overcoat composition, which may be used as a base for a clear solid ink, comprises one or more ultraviolet (UV) absorbing additives. Also included in the present embodiments is a method for using and detecting the overcoat composition in connection with a substrate, for example, a substrate that includes printed images thereon.

Phase change inks comprising linear primary alcohols

A phase change ink comprising an amorphous compound; a crystalline compound; an optional dispersant; an optional synergist; an optional colorant; and an alcohol having a long alkyl chain containing from about 10 to about 80 carbon atoms.

Magnetic Curable Inks

Disclosed is a curable magnetic ink comprising (a) an ink carrier which comprises at least one curable monomer, oligomer, or prepolymer; (b) at least one initiator; and (c) carbon-coated magnetic nanoparticles, said ink being curable upon exposure to radiation. Also disclosed is a process for printing with the ink. 1. A curable magnetic ink comprising:(a) an ink carrier which comprises at least one curable monomer, oligomer, or prepolymer;(b) at least one initiator; and(c) carbon-coated magnetic nanoparticles;said ink being curable upon exposure to radiation.2. An ink according to wherein the ink is curable upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation.3. An ink according to wherein the curable monomer is propoxylated neopentyl diacrylate claim 1 , isobornyl acrylate claim 1 , isobornyl methacrylate claim 1 , lauryl acrylate claim 1 , lauryl methacrylate claim 1 , isodecylacrylate claim 1 , isodecylmethacrylate claim 1 , caprolactone acrylate claim 1 , 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate claim 1 , isooctylacrylate claim 1 , isooctylmethacrylate claim 1 , butyl acrylate claim 1 , polyester acrylate claim 1 , pentaerythritol tetraacrylate claim 1 , pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate claim 1 , propoxylated neopentylglycol diacrylate claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,2-ethylene glycol diacrylate claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,2-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,6-hexanediol diacrylate claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate claim 1 , alkoxylated hexanediol diacrylate claim 1 , tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,12-dodecanol diacrylate claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,12-dodecanol dimethacrylate claim 1 , tris(2-hydroxy ethyl)isocyanurate triacrylate claim 1 , hexanediol diacrylate claim 1 , tripropylene glycol diacrylate claim 1 , dipropylene glycol diacrylate claim 1 , an amine modified polyether acrylate claim 1 , trimethylolpropane triacrylate claim 1 , glycerol propoxylate triacrylate claim 1 , dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate claim 1 , dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate ...

DISPERSION AUS GEKAPSELTEM FLUORESZENZ- UND FOTOCHROMEM FARBSTOFF UND POLYURETHAN

Die vorliegende Offenbarung stellt eine Dispersion von gekapseltem Farbstoff und eine Tintenstrahltinte, umfassend einen Tintenträger und eine Dispersion von gekapseltem Farbstoff davon bereit. Insbesondere umfasst die Dispersion von gekapseltem Farbstoff einen Fluoreszenz/fotochromen Farbstoff. Die vorliegende Offenbarung stellt weiterhin einen Prozess zur Herstellung der Dispersion von gekapseltem Farbstoff bereit.

SILVER FLAKE CONDUCTIVE PASTE INK WITH NICKEL PARTICLES

A silver flake conductive paste ink includes a silver flake conductive material; non-compressible, conductive particles having a rough morphology; a binder; and a solvent. The conductive paste ink is suitable for screen printing with lower cost and improved conductivity and lower resistivity as compared with conventional conductive inks.

TONER CONTAINING FLUORESCENT NONOPARTICLES

A method for making toners to include at least one nanoscale fluorescent pigment particle composition and/or a fluorescent organic nanoparticle composition. The particles are incorporated into emulsion of toner and used in making toner via emulsion aggregation. Such toners may have a core and/or a shell and the clay composites may be included within the core, the shell or both. The fluorescent organic nanoparticle composition includes a polymeric matrix obtained by modified EA latex process and/or emulsion polymerization and one or more fluorescent dyes and the nanoscale fluorescent pigment particle composition includes pigment molecules with at least one functional moiety, and a sterically bulky stabilizer compound including at least one functional group, the functional moiety of the pigment associates non-covalently with the functional group of the stabilizer, and the presence of the associated stabilizer limits the extent of particle growth and aggregation, to afford nanoscale-sized ...

STABILIZED PHOTOCHROMIC INK FOR REUSABLE PAPER ANNOTATION

Provided are ink compositions, methods for making photochromic inks, and methods of using the photochromic inks for erasable media annotation. In accordance with various embodiments, there is an ink composition including a carrier medium and one or more photochromic species in the carrier medium, wherein each of the one or more photochromic species can be selected from the group consisting of monomeric photochromic molecules, photochromic oligomers, and photochromic polymers, and wherein each one of the one or more photochromic species exhibits a reversible transition from a colorless state to a colored state upon exposure to a radiant condition wherein the radiant condition can be selected from the group consisting of a radiant energy and a combination of a radiant energy and thermal energy. 1. An ink composition comprising:a carrier medium; andone or more photochromic species in the carrier medium, wherein each of the one or more photochromic species is selected from the group consisting of monomeric photochromic molecules, photochromic oligomers, and photochromic polymers, andwherein each of the one or more photochromic species exhibits a reversible transition from a colorless state to a colored state upon exposure to a radiant condition wherein the radiant condition is selected from the group consisting of:a radiant energy in the range of about 200 nm to about 475 nm; anda radiant energy in the range of about 200 nm to about 475 nm and a temperature in the range of about 30° C. to about 150° C.2. The ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the ink in the colored state has an image lifetime of at least about 24 hours.3. The ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the ink in the colored state changes to a colorless state upon exposure to a temperature in the range of about 70° C. to about 200° C.4. The ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the carrier medium comprises one or more volatile solvents selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran claim 1 , trichloro- ...

Phase Change Magnetic Ink And Process For Preparing Same

An in situ process for preparing a phase change magnetic ink including heating a phase change ink composition to a first temperature sufficient to provide a melt composition; wherein the phase change ink composition comprises a carrier, an optional colorant, and an optional dispersant; placing the melt composition under inert atmosphere; heating the melt composition to a second temperature sufficient to effect decomposition of a metal carbonyl; adding the metal carbonyl to the melt composition under inert atmosphere at this second temperature to form metal nanoparticles thus forming in situ a phase change magnetic ink including the metal nanoparticles; optionally, filtering the phase change magnetic ink while in a liquid state; and cooling the phase change magnetic ink to a solid state. 1. An in situ process for preparing a phase change magnetic ink comprising:heating a phase change ink composition to a first temperature sufficient to provide a melt composition;wherein the phase change ink composition comprises a carrier, an optional colorant, and an optional dispersant;placing the melt composition under inert atmosphere;heating the melt composition to a second temperature sufficient to effect decomposition of a metal carbonyl;adding the metal carbonyl to the melt composition under inert atmosphere at this second temperature to form metal nanoparticles thus forming in situ a phase change magnetic ink including the metal nanoparticles;optionally, filtering the phase change magnetic ink while in a liquid state; andcooling the phase change magnetic ink to a solid state.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal carbonyl is selected from the group consisting of iron carbonyl claim 1 , cobalt carbonyl claim 1 , and nickel carbonyl.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal carbonyl is selected from the group consisting of iron pentacarbonyl claim 1 , di-iron nonacarbonyl claim 1 , tri-iron dodecacarbonyl claim 1 , cobalt tricarbonylnitrosyl claim 1 , ...

Infrared-Absorbing Radiation-Curable Inks

Disclosed is an ink composition comprising: (a) a phase change ink carrier which comprises at least one curable monomer, oligomer, or prepolymer; (b) an initiator; (c) an infrared-absorbing taggant; and (d) an optional colorant, the ink being curable upon exposure to radiation, the ink absorbing radiation in the infrared region. 1. An ink composition comprising:(a) a phase change ink carrier which comprises at least one curable monomer, oligomer, or prepolymer;(b) an initiator;(c) an infrared-absorbing taggant; and(d) an optional colorant,said ink being curable upon exposure to radiation;said ink absorbing radiation in the infrared region.2. An ink according to further comprising a gellant.3. An ink according to wherein the ink is curable upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation.6. An ink according to wherein the infrared-absorbing taggant is 2-[2-[2-chloro-3-[2-(1 claim 1 ,3-dihydro-3 claim 1 ,3-dimethyl-1-ethyl-2H-benz[e]indol-2-ylidene)ethylidene]-1-cyclohexen-1-yl]-ethenyl]-3 claim 1 ,3-dimethyl-1-ethyl-1H-benz[e]indolium iodide.7. An ink according to wherein the infrared-absorbing taggant is present in the ink carrier in an amount of at least about 0.1 percent by weight.8. An ink according to wherein the ink absorbs infrared radiation in the wavelength range of from about 730 to about 2 claim 1 ,500 nanometers.9. An ink according to wherein the gellant is a curable amide.12. An ink according to wherein the gellant is present in an amount of from about 5 to about 50 percent by weight of the ink carrier.13. An ink according to further comprising a curable wax.14. An ink according to wherein the curable wax comprises the reaction product of a compound of the formula CH—(CH)—CHOH wherein n is an integer representing the number of repeat CHgroups with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid.15. An ink according to wherein the curable wax is present in the ink in an amount of from about 1 to about 40 percent by weight.17. A process which comprises: (a) a phase change ink ...

SOLVENT-BASED INKS COMPRISING COATED MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES

Solvent-based ink compositions which can be used for ink jet printing in a variety of applications. In particular, the present embodiments are directed to magnetic inks having desirable ink properties. The ink of the present embodiments comprise magnetic nanoparticles that are coated with various materials to prevent the exposure of the nanoparticles to oxygen, and provides robust prints. 1. A magnetic ink comprising:an organic solvent carrier;an optional dispersant;an optional synergist;an optional antioxidant;an optional viscosity controlling agent;an optional colorant;an optional binder; andcoated magnetic nanoparticles, wherein the coated magnetic nanoparticles are comprised of a magnetic metal core and a protective coating disposed on the magnetic metal core, the coated magnetic nanoparticles being dispersed in the solvent carrier and further wherein the protective coating is selected from the group consisting of polymeric materials, inorganic oxides, surfactants and mixtures thereof.2. The ink of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticles are ferromagnetic or superparamagnetic.3. The ink according to claim 1 , wherein the magnetic metal core is selected from the group consisting of Fe claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , FePt claim 1 , CoPt claim 1 , MnAl claim 1 , MnBi claim 1 , alloys of the foregoing claim 1 , rare earth metals and mixtures thereof.4. The ink according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric materials are selected from the group consisting of polymethylmethacrylate claim 1 , polystyrene claim 1 , polyester claim 1 , styrene copolymers with p-chlorostyrene claim 1 , propylene claim 1 , vinyltoluene claim 1 , vinylnaphthalene claim 1 , methylacrylate claim 1 , ethylacrylate claim 1 , butylacrylate claim 1 , octylacrylate claim 1 , methylmethacrylate ethylmethacrylate claim 1 , butylmethacrylate claim 1 , methyl-α-chloromethacrylate claim 1 , acrylonitrile copolymer claim 1 , methyl ether claim 1 , vinyl ethyl ether claim 1 , vinyl ...

CURABLE INKS COMPRISING INORGANIC OXIDE COATED MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES

There is provided novel curable ink compositions comprising inorganic oxide-coated magnetic metal nanoparticles. In particular, there is provided ultraviolet (UV) curable gel inks comprising at least the inorganic oxide-coated magnetic metal nanoparticles, one curable monomer, a radiation activated initiator that initiates polymerization of curable components of the ink. In particular the ink may include a gellant. The inks may also include optional colorants and one or more optional additives. These curable UV ink compositions can be used for ink jet printing in a variety of applications. 1. An ink comprising: a monomer,', 'a photoinitiator,', 'an optional curable oligomer,', 'a gellant,', 'a wax, and', 'one or more optional additives; and, 'a curable ink carrier comprising'}coated ferromagnetic nanoparticles further comprising a magnetic metal core and a protective coating disposed on the magnetic metal core, wherein the protective coating comprises an inorganic oxide.2. The ink according to further comprising a colorant.3. The ink according to claim 1 , wherein the magnetic metal core is selected from the group consisting of Fe claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , FePt claim 1 , CoPt claim 1 , MnAl claim 1 , MnBi and mixtures thereof.4. The ink according to claim 1 , wherein the protective coating is an inorganic coating selected from the group consisting of silica claim 1 , titania claim 1 , zinc oxide claim 1 , iron oxide claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.5. The ink according to claim 1 , wherein the protective coating has a thickness of from about 0.2 nm to about 100 nm.6. The ink according to claim 5 , wherein the protective coating has a thickness of from about 1 nm to about 20 nm.7. The ink according to claim 1 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticles have a remanence of about 20 emu/gram to about 100 emu/gram.8. (canceled)9. The ink according to claim 1 , wherein a size of the nanoparticles in all dimensions is about 3 nm to about 300 nm.10. The ink ...

Curable inks comprising coated magnetic nanoparticles

There is provided novel curable ink compositions comprising coated magnetic metal nanoparticles. In particular, there is provided ultraviolet (UV) curable gel inks comprising at least the coated magnetic metal nanoparticles, one curable monomer, a radiation activated initiator that initiates polymerization of curable components of the ink, a gellant. The inks may also include optional colorants and one or more optional additives. These curable gel UV ink compositions can be used for ink jet printing in a variety of applications.

Phase Change Magnetic Ink Comprising Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles And Process For Preparing Same

A phase change magnetic ink and process for preparing same including comprising a phase change ink carrier; an optional colorant; an optional dispersant; an optional synergist; an optional antioxidant; and a coated magnetic nanoparticle comprising a magnetic core and a shell disposed thereover. 1. A phase change magnetic ink comprising:a phase change ink carrier;an optional colorant;an optional dispersant;an optional synergist;an optional antioxidant; anda coated magnetic nanoparticle comprising a magnetic core and a shell disposed thereover.2. The phase change magnetic ink of claim 1 , wherein the shell is selected from the group consisting of carbon claim 1 , polymer claim 1 , inorganic oxide claim 1 , surfactant claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The phase change magnetic ink of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticles are ferromagnetic or superparamagnetic.4. The phase change magnetic ink of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticles comprise a bimetallic or trimetallic core.5. The phase change magnetic ink of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticles comprise a core selected from the group consisting of Fe claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , FePt claim 1 , CoPt claim 1 , MnAl claim 1 , MnBi claim 1 , and mixtures and alloys thereof.6. The phase change magnetic ink of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticles comprise a shell having a thickness of from about 0.2 nanometers to about 100 nanometers.7. The phase change magnetic ink of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticles have a volume average particle diameter of from about 3 to about 300 nanometers.8. The phase change magnetic ink of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticles have a shape selected from the group consisting of needle-shape claim 1 , granular claim 1 , globular claim 1 , platelet-shaped claim 1 , acicular claim 1 , columnar claim 1 , octahedral claim 1 , dodecahedral claim 1 , tubular claim 1 , cubical claim 1 , hexagonal claim 1 , oval claim 1 , spherical claim ...

Phase Change Magnetic Ink Comprising Inorganic Oxide Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles And Process For Preparing Same

A phase change magnetic ink including a phase change ink carrier; an optional colorant; an optional dispersant; an optional synergist; an optional antioxidant; and an inorganic oxide coated magnetic nanoparticle comprising a magnetic core and an inorganic oxide shell disposed thereover. 1. A phase change magnetic ink comprising:a phase change ink carrier;an optional colorant;an optional dispersant;an optional synergist;an optional antioxidant; andan inorganic oxide coated magnetic nanoparticle comprising a magnetic core and an inorganic oxide shell disposed thereover.2. The phase change magnetic ink of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticles are ferromagnetic or superparamagnetic.3. The phase change magnetic ink of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticles comprise a bimetallic or trimetallic core.4. The phase change magnetic ink of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticles comprise a core selected from the group consisting of Fe claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , FePt claim 1 , CoPt claim 1 , MnAl claim 1 , MnBi claim 1 , and mixtures and alloys thereof.5. The phase change magnetic ink of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticles comprise an inorganic oxide shell selected from the group consisting of silica claim 1 , titania claim 1 , zinc oxide claim 1 , iron oxide claim 1 , and combinations thereof.6. The phase change magnetic ink of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticles comprise an inorganic oxide shell having a thickness of from about 0.2 nanometers to about 100 nanometers.7. The phase change magnetic ink of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticles have a volume average particle diameter of from about 3 to about 300 nanometers.8. The phase change magnetic ink of claim 1 , wherein the phase change ink carrier comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of paraffins claim 1 , microcrystalline waxes claim 1 , polyethylene waxes claim 1 , ester waxes claim 1 , amide waxes claim 1 , fatty acids claim 1 , ...

TONERS WITH FLUORESCENCE AGENT AND TONER SETS INCLUDING THE TONERS

A toner set includes a plurality of toners, at least one toner but less than all toners of the toner set including binder, colorant and fluorescence agent and remaining additional toners including binder, colorant and free of fluorescence agent. At least a first toner grouping and a second toner grouping of the toner set form a combination, the first and second groupings of the combination exhibiting a substantially same color under ambient light conditions upon image formation. The first toner grouping and the second toner grouping of the combination contain a different amount of the fluorescence agent, wherein upon exposure to activating energy, the fluorescence agent fluoresces to cause a visible change in the color of a pattern formed in an image by the first toner grouping as compared to the second toner grouping. 1. A toner set comprised of a plurality of toners including a number of toners , at least one toner but less than all toners of the toner set comprising binder , colorant and fluorescence agent and remaining additional toners comprised of binder , colorant and free of fluorescence agent , wherein at least a first toner grouping and a second toner grouping of the toner set form a combination , the first and second groupings of the combination exhibiting a substantially same color under ambient light conditions upon image formation , the first toner grouping and the second toner grouping of the combination containing a different amount of the fluorescence agent , wherein upon exposure to activating energy , the fluorescence agent fluoresces to cause a visible change in the color of a pattern formed in an image by the first toner grouping as compared to the second toner grouping.2. The toner set according to claim 1 , wherein the first toner grouping of the combination contains an amount of the fluorescence agent in toners of the grouping and the second toner grouping of the combination is free of any fluorescence agent.3. The toner set according to ...

Clear overcoat compositions and methods for using and detecting the same

Present embodiments generally relate to a novel clear or colorless overcoat composition that may be used for overcoating, for example, ink based images and xerographic images. The overcoat composition, which may be used as a base for a clear solid ink, comprises one or more ultraviolet (UV) absorbing additives. Also included in the present embodiments is a method for using and detecting the overcoat composition in connection with a substrate, for example, a substrate that includes printed images thereon.

SOLID INK COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING CRYSTALLINE-AMORPHOUS MIXTURES

A solid ink composition comprising an amorphous component, a crystalline material, and optionally, a colorant, which are suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In embodiments, the solid ink formulation comprises a blend of an amorphous and crystalline components which provides a solid ink with excellent robustness when forming images or printing on coated paper substrates. 1. A phase change ink comprising:{'sup': '6', 'at least a crystalline component having a viscosity of less than 12 cps at a temperature of about 140° C. and a viscosity of greater than 1×10cps at room temperature; and'}{'sup': '6', 'at least an amorphous component having a viscosity of less than 100 cps at a temperature of about 140° C. and a viscosity of greater than 1×10cps at room temperature.'}2. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline and amorphous components are blended in a weight ratio of from about 65:35 to about 95:5 claim 1 , respectively.3. The phase change ink of claim 2 , wherein the crystalline and amorphous components are blended in a weight ratio of from about 70:30 to about 90:10 claim 2 , respectively.6. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has a viscosity of from about 0.5 to about 10 cps at a temperature of about 140° C.7. The phase change ink of claim 6 , wherein the crystalline component has a viscosity of from about 1 to about 10 cps at a temperature of about 140° C.8. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component exhibits crystallization (T) and melting (T) peaks according to differential scanning calorimetry and the difference between the peaks (T−T) is less than 55° C.9. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has a melting point of above 65° C.10. The phase change ink of claim 9 , wherein the crystalline component has a melting point of from about 65 to about 130° C.11. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous component ...

PHASE CHANGE INKS COMPRISING FATTY ACIDS

A solid ink composition suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In embodiments, the solid ink composition comprises both a crystalline compound and an amorphous compound, and a fatty acid, which provides for a robust ink wherein the phase change ink crystallizes faster from the liquid state than the same composition without the fatty acid. 119-. (canceled)20. A phase change ink comprising:an amorphous compound being bis(2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl) L-tartrate);a crystalline compounds selected from the group consisting of dibenzyl L-tartrate, diphenethyl L-tartrate, bis(3-phenyl-1-propyl) L-tartrate, bis(2-phenoxyethyl) L-tartrate, diphenyl L-tartrate, bis(4-methylphenyl) L-tartrate, bis(4-methoxylphenyl) L-tartrate, bis(4-methylbenzyl) L-tartrate, bis(4-methoxylbenzyl) L-tartrate, dicyclohexyl L-tartrate, and any stereoisomers and mixtures thereof; anda fatty acid.21. The phase change ink of claim 20 , wherein the crystalline compound is present in an amount of from 60 percent to 95 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.22. The phase change ink of claim 20 , wherein the amorphous compound is present in an amount of from 5 percent to 40 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.23. The phase change ink of claim 20 , wherein the crystalline compound/amorphous compound ratio is from 60:40 to 95:5.24. The phase change ink of claim 20 , wherein the fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) claim 20 , palmitoleic acid (9-hexadecenoic acid) claim 20 , stearic acid (octadecanoic acid) claim 20 , oleic acid (9-octadecenoic acid) claim 20 , ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid) claim 20 , vaccenic acid (11-octadecenoic acid) claim 20 , linoleic acid (9 claim 20 ,12-octadecadienoic acid) claim 20 , alpha-linolenic acid (9 claim 20 ,12 claim 20 ,15-octadecatrienoic acid) claim 20 , gamma-linolenic acid (6 claim 20 ,9 claim 20 ,12- ...

PHASE CHANGE INKS COMPRISING INORGANIC NUCLEATING AGENTS

A solid ink composition suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In particular, the solid ink composition comprises a crystalline compound, an amorphous compound, and an inorganic nucleating agent, which provides for a robust and fast printing ink. 119-. (canceled)21. The phase change ink of claim 20 , wherein the silicon dioxide has particle size of from 2 nanometers to 300 nanometers.22. The phase change ink of claim 20 , wherein the silicon dioxide is present in the amount of from 0.1 to 10 weight percent based on the total weight of the phase change ink.23. The phase change ink of further comprising a dispersant.24. The phase change ink of claim 20 , wherein the amorphous compound is present in an amount of from 5 percent to 40 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.25. The phase change ink of claim 20 , wherein the crystalline compound is present in an amount of from 60 percent to 95 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.26. The phase change ink of claim 20 , wherein the crystalline compound/amorphous compound ratio is from 60:40 to 95:5.27. The phase change ink of having a viscosity of from about 1 to about 22 cps at a temperature of 140° C.28. The phase change ink of having a viscosity of greater than 10cps at room temperature. Reference is made to commonly owned and co-pending, U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (not yet assigned) entitled “Phase Change Ink Compositions Comprising Crystalline Diurethanes And Derivatives Thereof” to Naveen Chopra et al., electronically filed on the same day herewith (Attorney Docket No. 20110356-396152); U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (not yet assigned) entitled “Solid Ink Compositions Comprising Crystalline Sulfone Compounds and Derivatives Thereof” to Kentaro Morimitsu et al., electronically filed on the same day herewith (Attorney Docket No. 20110561-396955); U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (not yet assigned) entitled ...

FAST CRYSTALLIZING CRYSTALLINE-AMORPHOUS INK COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR MAKING THE SAME

A phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous component, and a crystalline material, which are suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In particular, the functional group(s) present in the amorphous component differ from the functional group(s) present in the crystalline component. In particular, the phase change inks compositions solidify fast and are suitable for high speed printing. 1. A phase change ink comprising:an amorphous compound comprising an amorphous core moiety having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of —OH, —COO—, and mixtures thereof, and being attached to at least one amorphous terminal group, wherein the amorphous terminal group comprises a cycloalkyl substituted with one or more alkyl;a crystalline compound comprising a crystalline core moiety having at least one functional group and being attached to at least one crystalline terminal group, wherein the crystalline terminal group comprises an aromatic group, and no one functional group in the crystalline core moiety is any of —OH, —COO—, or mixtures thereof; andan optional colorant.2. The phase change ink of wherein the total crystallization time of the phase change ink is no more than 5 times the total crystallization time of the crystalline compound alone.3. The phase change ink of wherein the ink comprises more than one crystalline compound.4. The phase change ink of wherein the ink comprises more than one amorphous compound.5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. The phase change ink of wherein the amorphous compound comprises an ester of tartaric acid of Formula I wherein one of Rand Ris 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl claim 1 , and the other one of Rand Ris 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl claim 1 , 4-t-butylcyclohexyl claim 1 , or cyclohexyl claim 1 , or one of Rand Ris 4-t-butylcyclohexyl claim 1 , and the other one of Rand Ris cyclohexyl.8. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic group is phenyl claim 1 , ...

RAPID SOLIDIFYING CRYSTALLINE-AMORPHOUS INKS

A phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous compound and a crystalline compound capable of crystallizing at a total crystallization time of less than 15 seconds and methods of making the same. 2. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the total crystallization time comprises a time onset of less than 6 seconds.3. The phase change ink of further comprising a colorant.4. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline compound is present in an amount of from 60 percent to 95 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.5. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous compound is present in an amount of from 5 percent to 40 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.6. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline/amorphous ratio is from 60:40 to 95:5.7. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline compound has a viscosity of less than 12 cps at a temperature of 140° C. and a viscosity of greater than 1×10cps at room temperature.8. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the ink has a viscosity of less than 22 cps at a temperature of 140° C. and a viscosity of greater than 1×10cps at room temperature.9. (canceled)10. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the alkyl group is a cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more alkyl.11. (canceled)12. (canceled)18. The phase change ink of further comprisinga crystallization accelerating additive.19. The phase change ink from wherein the crystallization accelerating additive is an organic pigment claim 18 , an inorganic nucleating additive or an fatty acid.20. (canceled)21. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein one of R claim 1 , Rand Ris 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl claim 1 , and the other one of R claim 1 , Rand Ris 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl claim 1 , 4-t-butylcyclohexyl claim 1 , or cyclohexyl claim 1 , or one of R claim 1 , Rand Ris 4-t-butylcyclohexyl claim 1 , and the other one of R claim 1 , Rand Ris ...

Rapidly crystallizing phase change inks and methods for forming the same

A solid ink composition suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In embodiments, the solid ink composition comprises both a crystalline compound and an amorphous compound, and optionally, in combination, an organic pigment, which provides for a robust, rapid crystallization ink composition. 1. A phase change ink comprising:an amorphous compound comprising an amorphous core moiety having at least one functional group and being attached to at least one amorphous terminal group, wherein the amorphous terminal group comprises an alkyl group, wherein the alkyl is straight, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, having from about 1 to about 16 carbon atoms;a crystalline compound comprising a crystalline core moiety having at least one functional group and being attached to at least one crystalline terminal group, wherein the crystalline terminal group comprises an aromatic group;an organic pigment; andan optional dye colorant, wherein no one functional group in the amorphous core moiety is the same as any of the functional group of the crystalline core moiety.2. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein a total crystallization time of the phase change ink is smaller than the crystallization time of the phase change ink without the organic pigment.3. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein a total crystallization time of the phase change ink is no more than 5 times a total crystallization time of the crystalline compound alone.5. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline compound comprises sulfone having the following formula:{'br': None, 'sub': 17', '2', '18, 'R—SO—R\u2003\u2003Formula III'}{'sub': 17', '18, 'wherein each Rand Rindependently of the other is selected from the group consisting of (i) an alkyl group, which can be a linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, alkyl group, and wherein heteroatoms may optionally be ...

PHASE CHANGE INK COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING CRYSTALLINE DIURETHANES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF

A phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous component, a crystalline material, and optionally, a colorant, which are suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates and are suitable for fast printing processes. In particular, the crystalline component comprises a diurethane compound or derivatives thereof. 2. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein Q is —(CH)— and n is 4 to 8.3. The phase change ink of claim 2 , wherein n is 6.4. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein Rand Rare each phenyl.5. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein i is 0 and j is 0.7. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component is present in an amount of from about 60 percent to about 95 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.8. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous component is present in an amount of from about 5 percent to about 40 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.9. The phase change ink of further comprising a colorant selected from the group consisting of a pigment claim 1 , dye or mixtures thereof.10. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline/amorphous ratio is from about 60:40 to about 95:5.11. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has a viscosity of less than 12 cps at a temperature of about 140° C.12. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has Tof less than 150° C.13. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has Tof greater than 60° C. T.14. The phase change ink of having a viscosity of from about 1 to about 22 cps in a jetting range of from about 100 to about 140° C.15. The phase change ink of having a viscosity of greater than about 10cps at room temperature.17. The phase change ink of wherein the crystalline component is synthesized from a linear diisocyanate and at least one alcohol optionally in the presence of a catalyst.18. The phase change ink ...

PHASE CHANGE INKS COMPRISING ORGANIC PIGMENTS

A solid ink composition suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In particular, the solid ink composition comprises a crystalline compound, an amorphous compound, and an organic pigment, which provides for a robust and fast crystallizing ink. 2. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the phase change ink crystallizes in less than 20 seconds.4. The phase change ink of claim 3 , wherein the tartaric acid backbone is selected from L-(+)-tartaric acid claim 3 , D-(−)-tartaric acid claim 3 , DL-tartaric acid claim 3 , or mesotartaric acid claim 3 , and mixtures thereof.5. The phase change ink of claim 3 , wherein claim 3 , one of Rand Ris 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl claim 3 , and the other one of Rand Ris 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl claim 3 , 4-t-butylcyclohexyl claim 3 , or cyclohexyl claim 3 , or one of Rand Ris 4-t-butylcyclohexyl claim 3 , and the other one of Rand Ris cyclohexyl; and wherein one of R claim 3 , Rand Ris 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl claim 3 , and the other one of R claim 3 , Rand Ris 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl claim 3 , 4-t-butylcyclohexyl claim 3 , or cyclohexyl claim 3 , or one of R claim 3 , Rand Ris 4-t-butylcyclohexyl claim 3 , and the other one of R claim 3 , Rand Ris cyclohexyl.7. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline compound is present in an amount of from about 60 percent to about 95 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.8. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous compound is present in an amount of from about 5 percent to about 40 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.9. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline/amorphous ratio is from about 60:40 to about 95:5.10. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the organic pigment is Carbon Black claim 1 , Pigment Blue 15 claim 1 , Pigment Blue 15:1 claim 1 , Pigment Blue 15:2 claim 1 , Pigment Blue 15:3 claim 1 , Pigment Blue 15:4 claim 1 , ...

PHASE CHANGE INK COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING AROMATIC ETHERS

A phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous component, a crystalline material, and optionally, a colorant, which are suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In particular, the crystalline component comprises an aromatic ether. 2. (canceled)3. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the tartaric acid backbone is selected from L-(+)-tartaric acid claim 1 , D-(−)-tartaric acid claim 1 , DL-tartaric acid claim 1 , or mesotartaric acid claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.4. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component is present in an amount of from about 60 percent to about 95 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.5. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous component is present in an amount of from about 5 percent to about 40 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.6. The phase change ink of further comprising a colorant selected from the group consisting of a pigment claim 1 , dye or mixtures thereof.7. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline/amorphous ratio is from about 60:40 to about 95:5.8. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has a viscosity of less than 10 cps at a temperature of about 140° C.9. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has Tof less than 150° C.10. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has Tof greater than 60° C.11. The phase change ink of having a viscosity of from about 1 to about 22 cps in a jetting range of from about 100° C. to about 140° C.12. The phase change ink of having a viscosity of greater than about 10cps at room temperature.15. The phase change ink of claim 13 , wherein the crystalline component is present in an amount of from about 60 percent to about 95 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.16. The phase change ink of claim 13 , wherein the crystalline/amorphous ratio is from ...

PHASE CHANGE INK COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING DIURETHANES AS AMORPHOUS MATERIALS

A phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous component, a crystalline material, and optionally, a colorant, which are suitable for high speed ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In embodiments, the amorphous component comprises a diurethane compound or derivatives thereof. 4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. The phase change ink of further comprising a colorant selected from the group consisting of a pigment claim 1 , dye claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.7. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline/amorphous ratio is from 60:40 to 95:5.8. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous compound has a viscosity of less than 100 cps at a temperature of 140° C.9. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous compound has a viscosity of greater than 1×10cps at room temperature.10. The phase change ink of having a viscosity of less than 15 cps in a jetting range of from about from 100° C. to 140° C.11. The phase change ink of having a viscosity of greater than about 10cps at room temperature.13. The phase change ink of claim 12 , wherein the diisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of 1 claim 12 ,6-hexamethylenediisocyanate claim 12 , isophoronediisocyanate claim 12 , 1 claim 12 ,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane claim 12 , m-tetramethyl xylylene diisocyanate claim 12 , dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate and 2 claim 12 ,4 claim 12 ,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate claim 12 , (hexamethylene-1 claim 12 ,6-diisocyanate (HDI); trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate (TMHDI); 2 claim 12 ,5-bis-isocyanatomethylene diisocyanate (BIMC) claim 12 , tetramethylxylene diisocyanate (TMXDI); isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) claim 12 , diphenylmethane-4 claim 12 ,4′-diisocyanate (MDI); hydrogenated diphenylmethane-4 claim 12 ,4′-diisocyanate (HMDI); phenylisocyanate; toluene diisocyanate (TDI) claim 12 , phenylene diisocyanate claim 12 , and mixtures thereof.15. The phase change ink of claim 12 , wherein the ...

PHASE CHANGE INKS COMPRISING CRYSTALLINE AMIDES

A phase change ink composition suitable for high speed ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In embodiments, the phase change ink composition comprises both a crystalline compound and an amorphous compound, and optionally, a colorant, which provides for a robust ink. The crystalline compound is an amide and the amorphous compound is an ester of tartaric acid. 3. The phase change ink of claim 2 , wherein the tartaric acid backbone is selected from L-(+)-tartaric acid claim 2 , D-(−)-tartaric acid claim 2 , DL-tartaric acid claim 2 , or mesotartaric acid claim 2 , and mixtures thereof.4. The phase change ink of claim 3 , wherein the amorphous compound is present in an amount of from about 5 percent to about 35 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.5. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline compound is present in an amount of from 60 percent to 95 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.6. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline compound of Formula II has a melting temperature (T) of less than 150° C. and a crystallization temperature (T) of greater than 60° C.7. The phase change ink of further comprising a colorant selected from the group consisting of a pigment claim 1 , dye or mixtures thereof.8. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline compound has a viscosity of less than 10 cps at a temperature of 140° C.9. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline compound has a viscosity of greater than 10cps at room temperature.10. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous compound has a viscosity of from about 1 to about 100 cps at a temperature of 140° C.11. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous compound has a viscosity of greater than 10cps at room temperature.12. The phase change ink of having a viscosity of from 1 to 22 cps in a jetting range from about 100° C. to about 140° C.13. The phase change ink ...

Phase change inks comprising aromatic diester crystalline compounds

A phase change ink composition suitable for high speed ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In particular, the phase change ink composition comprises an aromatic diester crystalline compound and an amorphous compound, and optionally, a colorant, which provides for a robust ink.

PHASE CHANGE INK COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING CRYSTALLINE SULFONE COMPOUNDS AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF

A phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous component, a crystalline component comprises a sulfone compound or derivatives thereof, and optionally, a colorant, which are suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. 1. (canceled)2. The phase change ink of claim 20 , wherein each Rand Ris independently phenyl or benzyl optionally substituted with one or more halo claim 20 , amino claim 20 , hydroxy claim 20 , cyano or combinations thereof.3. The phase change ink of claim 20 , wherein each Rand Ris independently methyl claim 20 , ethyl claim 20 , isopropyl claim 20 , n-butyl claim 20 , or vinyl optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl claim 20 , cyano claim 20 , or combinations thereof.5. The phase change ink of claim 4 , wherein the tartaric acid backbone is selected from L-(+)-tartaric acid claim 4 , D-(−)-tartaric acid claim 4 , DL-tartaric acid claim 4 , or mesotartaric acid claim 4 , and mixtures thereof.6. The phase change ink of claim 20 , wherein the crystalline component is present in an amount of from about 60 percent to about 95 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.7. The phase change ink of claim 20 , wherein the amorphous component is present in an amount of from about 5 percent to about 40 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.8. The phase change ink of further comprising a colorant selected from the group consisting of a pigment claim 20 , dye or mixtures thereof9. The phase change ink of claim 20 , wherein the crystalline/amorphous ratio is from about 60:40 to about 95:5.10. The phase change ink of claim 20 , wherein the crystalline component has a viscosity of less than 10 cps at a temperature of about 140° C.11. The phase change ink of claim 20 , wherein the crystalline component has Tof less than 150° C.12. The phase change ink of claim 20 , wherein the crystalline component has Tof greater than 60° C.13. The phase change ink of having a viscosity of ...

BIO-RENEWABLE FAST CRYSTALIZING PHASE CHANGE INKS

A phase change ink composition suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In embodiments, the phase change ink composition comprises both a crystalline compound and an amorphous compound which are derived from bio-renewable materials. The composition provides for a robust, rapid crystallization ink composition. 2. A phase change ink of wherein R and R′ are alkyl groups with at least eight carbon atoms and no more than 50 carbon atoms.3. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the ink is capable of crystallizing at a total crystallization time of less than 15 seconds as measured by the standardized TROM procedure.4. (canceled)6. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline compound is present in an amount of from about 60 percent to about 95 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.7. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous compound is present in an amount of from about 5 percent to about 40 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.8. The phase change ink of having a ratio of crystalline to amorphous ratio of from about 60:40 to about 95:5.9. The phase change ink of further comprising a colorant selected from the group consisting of a pigment claim 1 , dye or mixtures thereof.10. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has a viscosity of less than 12 cps at a temperature of about 140° C.11. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has Tof less than 150° C.12. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has Tof greater than 60° C.13. The phase change ink of having a viscosity of from about 1 to about 22 cps in a jetting range of from about 100 to about 140° C.14. The phase change ink of having a viscosity of greater than about 10cps at room temperature.15. The phase change ink of further comprising an additive selected from the group consisting of antioxidant claim 1 , defoamer claim ...

TIME RESOLVED OPTICAL MICROSCOPY ("TROM") PROCESS FOR MEASURING THE RATE OF CRYSTALLIZATION OF SOLID INKS

A system is disclosed for measuring the crystallization of crystalline-amorphous mixtures. The system includes a sample holder. and a heating apparatus to melt a ink composition and to keep the melted ink composition at a first specified temperature for a first period of time. The system includes a cooling apparatus to receive the melted ink composition, to cool the melted ink composition and to maintain the cooled ink composition at a second specified temperature. The system includes a microscope and a video recording device to capture images of the cooled ink composition for a second period of time A video processing computer includes a memory, a processor and software instructions and the software instructions causes the computer to extract crystallization parameters about the cooled ink composition from the captured images. The crystallization parameters identify fast solidifying crystalline inks that have a short time duration from onset of crystallization until crystallization. 1. A system for measuring the crystallization of crystalline-amorphous mixtures , comprising:a sample made of ink composition sandwiched between transparent substratesa sample holder to hold the sandwiched ink sample;a heating apparatus to melt the sandwiched ink composition and to keep the melted ink composition at a first specified temperature for a first period of time;a cooling apparatus to receive the melted ink composition, to cool the melted ink composition and to maintain the cooled ink composition at a second specified temperature;a microscope and a video recording device to capture images of the cooled ink composition for a second period of time; anda computer, the computer including a memory, a processor and software instructions, wherein the memory stores the captured images; and the software instructions, when executed by the processor causes the computer to extract crystallization parameters about the cooled ink composition from the captured images, wherein the ...

PHOTOCHROMIC SECURITY ENABLED INK FOR DIGITAL OFFSET PRINTING APPLICATIONS

An ink composition useful for digital offset printing applications comprises a photochromic material and a plurality of curable compounds. The compounds have Hansen solubility parameters as described herein, and the resulting ink composition is both compatible with certain dampening fluids and has certain rheological properties, including a low viscosity. The photochromic ink compositions are useful for providing security information in certain printing applications. 1. An ink composition comprising a photochromic material and a plurality of curable compounds , wherein the ink composition has a volume average Hansen fractional dispersion force parameter (f) of from about 0.4 to about 0.62 , a volume average Hansen fractional polar parameter (f) of from about 0.1 to about 0.3 , and a volume average Hansen fractional hydrogen bonding parameter (f) of from about 0.2 to about 0.4.2. The ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the photochromic material is a spiropyran claim 1 , spiroxazine claim 1 , stilbene claim 1 , aromatic azo compound claim 1 , benzopyran claim 1 , naphthopyran claim 1 , spirodihydroindolizine claim 1 , quinone claim 1 , permidinespirocyclohexadienone claim 1 , viologen claim 1 , fulgide claim 1 , fulgimide claim 1 , diarylethene claim 1 , triarylmethane claim 1 , or anil.3. The ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the photochromic material is colorless under ambient light.4. The ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the photochromic material is present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 5 wt % of the ink composition.5. The ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of curable compounds includes a tetrafunctional acrylated polyester.6. The ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of curable compounds includes a polyethylene glycol diacrylate.7. The ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of curable compounds includes a tripropylene glycol diacrylate.8. The ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of curable ...

LIGHTFAST SOLID INK COMPOSITIONS

A solid ink composition comprising an amorphous component, a crystalline material, and optionally, a colorant, which are suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In embodiments, the solid ink formulation comprises a blend of an amorphous and crystalline components which provides a dye-based solid ink with excellent robustness when forming images or printing on coated paper substrates as well as excellent lightfastness. 1. A phase change ink comprising:at least a crystalline component selected from the group consisting of an amide, aromatic ester, linear diester, urethanes, sulfones, tartaric acid ester derivatives with aromatic groups and mixtures thereof;at least an amorphous component selected from the group consisting of tartaric acid ester derivatives, citric acid ester derivatives, urethanes diurethanes;at least one ultraviolet absorber being a triazole derivative; anda colorant.2. The phase change ink of having a ratio of crystalline to amorphous ratio of from about 60:40 to about 95:5 claim 1 , respectively.3. The phase change ink of having improved lightfastness as exhibited from about 30 to about 100% decrease in CIE delta E 2000 after exposure to light as compared to a phase change ink without the UV absorber.4. (canceled)5. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the ultraviolet absorber is selected from the group consisting of 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)benzotriazole claim 1 , 2-(2H-Benzotriazole-2-yl)-4-methylphenyl claim 1 , 2-(2′-Hydroxy-3′ claim 1 ,5′-di-tert-amylphenyl)benzotriazole claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.6. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the ultraviolet absorber is present in an amount of up to about 5%.7. The phase change ink of claim 6 , wherein the ultraviolet absorber is present in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 5%.8. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the ultraviolet absorber is has no color.9. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the ultraviolet absorber has a ...

Phase Change Magnetic Ink And Process For Preparing Same

An in situ process for preparing a phase change magnetic ink including heating a phase change ink composition to a first temperature sufficient to provide a melt composition; wherein the phase change ink composition comprises a carrier, an optional colorant, and an optional dispersant; placing the melt composition under inert atmosphere; heating the melt composition to a second temperature sufficient to effect decomposition of a metal carbonyl; adding the metal carbonyl to the melt composition under inert atmosphere at this second temperature to form metal nanoparticles thus forming in situ a phase change magnetic ink including the metal nanoparticles; optionally, filtering the phase change magnetic ink while in a liquid state; and cooling the phase change magnetic ink to a solid state. 1. A phase change magnetic ink comprising:a phase change ink composition comprising a carrier, an optional colorant, an optional dispersant, andmetal nanoparticles dispersed within the phase change ink, wherein the metal nanoparticles originate from an in situ thermal decomposition of a metal carbonyl in a melt composition comprising the phase change ink carrier, optional colorant, and optional dispersant.2. The phase change magnetic ink of claim 1 , wherein the metal nanoparticles are ferromagnetic or superparamagnetic.3. The phase change magnetic ink of claim 1 , wherein the metal nanoparticles are bimetallic or trimetallic particles.4. The phase change magnetic ink of claim 1 , wherein the metal carbonyl is selected from the group consisting of iron carbonyl claim 1 , cobalt carbonyl claim 1 , and nickel carbonyl.5. The phase change magnetic ink of claim 1 , wherein the metal carbonyl is selected from the group consisting of iron pentacarbonyl claim 1 , di-iron nonacarbonyl claim 1 , tri-iron dodecacarbonyl claim 1 , cobalt tricarbonylnitrosyl claim 1 , cyclopentadienylcobalt-tricarbonyl claim 1 , dicobalt octacarbonyl claim 1 , chromium hexacarbonyl claim 1 , nickel tetracarbonyl ...

FLUORESCENT SECURITY PHASE CHANGE INK

Disclosed is a fluorescent ink containing more than one fluorescent materials that upon exposure to different excitation wavelengths emits different color. Also disclosed is a process of authentication using said fluorescent ink. 1. A fluorescent ink comprising more than one fluorescent materials capable of emitting different colors of light upon exposure to different excitation wavelengths.2. The fluorescent ink according to claim 1 , wherein the ink is a phase change ink.3. The fluorescent ink according to claim 1 , wherein the more than one fluorescent materials comprises a first fluorescent material and a second fluorescent material claim 1 , and wherein the fluorescent ink emits a light of a first color upon exposure to a first excitation wavelength and emits a light of a second color upon exposure to a second excitation wavelength4. The fluorescent ink according to claim 1 , wherein the more than one fluorescent materials further comprises a third fluorescent material.5. The fluorescent ink according to claim 1 , wherein a total amount of the more than one fluorescent materials comprises from about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of the fluorescent ink.6. The fluorescent ink according to claim 3 , wherein the weight ratio of the first fluorescent material to the second fluorescent material is from 10:1 to 1:10.7. The fluorescent ink according to claim 1 , wherein the more than one fluorescent materials is independently selected from the group consisting of rhodamines claim 1 , fluoresceins claim 1 , coumarins claim 1 , napthalimide claim 1 , benzoxanthenes acridines claim 1 , azos claim 1 , rare earth metal coordination complexes and mixtures thereof.8. The fluorescent ink according to claim 1 , wherein the difference between the absorption maxima of any two of the more than one fluorescent materials is at least 30 nm.9. The fluorescent ink according to claim 1 , wherein one of the more than one fluorescent materials has an excitation wavelength of from 180 nm to ...

Alizarin-Based Polymer Colorants

A polymer colorant including polymer monomer units, and at least one alizarin unit which is incorporated into the polymer and which provides color to the polymer colorant and a process for preparing the polymer colorant. An article or composition containing the polymer colorant. A toner including the polymer colorant, and optionally, one or more ingredients selected from the group consisting of crystalline polyester resins, amorphous polyester resins, colorants, waxes, coagulants, mordants, and mixtures and combinations thereof. A polymer latex including an aqueous dispersion of polymer colorant, wherein the polymer colorant comprises polymer monomer units and at least one alizarin unit which is incorporated into the polymer and which provides color to the polymer colorant; and optionally, a mordant.

PHASE CHANGE INKS COMPRISING FATTY ACIDS

A solid ink composition suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In embodiments, the solid ink composition comprises both a crystalline compound and an amorphous compound, and a fatty acid, which provides for a robust ink wherein the phase change ink crystallizes faster from the liquid state than the same composition without the fatty acid. 2. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the tartaric acid backbone is selected from L-(+)-tartaric acid claim 1 , D-(−)-tartaric acid claim 1 , DL-tartaric acid claim 1 , or mesotartaric acid claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.4. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline compound is present in an amount of from about 60 percent to about 95 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.5. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous compound is present in an amount of from about 5 percent to about 40 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.6. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline/amorphous ratio is from about 60:40 to about 95:5.7. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) claim 1 , palmitoleic acid (9-hexadecenoic acid) claim 1 , stearic acid (octadecanoic acid) claim 1 , oleic acid (9-octadecenoic acid) claim 1 , ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid) claim 1 , vaccenic acid (11-octadecenoic acid) claim 1 , linoleic acid (9 claim 1 ,12-octadecadienoic acid) claim 1 , alpha-linolenic acid (9 claim 1 ,12 claim 1 ,15-octadecatrienoic acid) claim 1 , gamma-linolenic acid (6 claim 1 ,9 claim 1 ,12-octadecatrienoic acid) claim 1 , arachidic acid (eicosanoic acid) claim 1 , gadoleic acid (9-eicosenoic acid) claim 1 , arachidonic acid (5 claim 1 ,8 claim 1 ,11 claim 1 ,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) claim 1 , erucic acid (13-docosenoic acid) claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.8. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the ...

ALL-IN-ONE FAST CURING ACRYLIC STRUCTURAL ADHESIVE

An acrylic adhesive composition includes a first part including an aminoborane initiator and acrylate or/and methacrylate monomers, and a second part including inert microcapsules of a cure activator and acrylate monomers, wherein the microcapsules are breakable, such that when broken, the first part reacts with the second part and the acrylic adhesive begins to cure. A two-part structural adhesive includes a suspension component containing an aminoborane initiator, and microcapsules containing an encapsulated component, wherein the microcapsules are dispersed in the suspension component. A method of activating an aminoborane initiator suspension to form a structural adhesive includes adding microcapsules containing an encapsulated component, to the aminoborane initiator suspension at a predetermined ratio, and breaking the microcapsules to activate curing. 1. An acrylic adhesive composition comprising:a first part including an aminoborane initiator and acrylate or/and methacrylate monomers; anda second part including inert microcapsules of a cure activator and acrylate monomers, wherein the microcapsules are breakable, such that when broken, the first part reacts with the second part and the acrylic adhesive begins to cure.2. The acrylic adhesive composition of claim 1 , wherein the cure activator is a carboxylic acid.3. The acrylic adhesive composition of claim 2 , wherein the carboxylic acid has at least 6 carbon atoms and a water solubility of less than about 0.1%.4. The acrylic adhesive composition of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the first part to the second part is about 1:10.5. The acrylic adhesive composition of claim 1 , wherein the second part is over 50% of the composition by volume.6. The acrylic adhesive composition of claim 3 , wherein the second part is over 75% of the composition by volume.7. The acrylic adhesive composition of claim 1 , wherein the inert microcapsules are breakable under a pressure of about 15 psi.8. The acrylic adhesive ...

METHOD FOR JOINING DISSIMILAR MATERIALS

A composition of matter includes a first compatible material having particles containing chemical elements similar to a first substrate, and second compatible material having particles containing chemical elements similar to a second substrate, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are chemically different. The particles are dispersed into a matrix that is in between the first and the second substrate. A deposition system has a multi-material printhead, a first reservoir of a first compatible material having particles containing chemical elements similar to a first substrate, a second reservoir of a second compatible material having particles containing chemical elements similar to a second substrate, a third reservoir of an polymer precursor material, and at least one mixer. A method of bonding a joint between dissimilar substrate materials includes functionalizing a first compatible material having chemical elements similar to a first substrate, mixing the first compatible material with a polymer precursor material, functionalizing a second compatible material having chemical elements similar to a second substrate, mixing the second compatible material with a polymer precursor material, and using the deposition system to deposit the first and second compatible materials and a polymer precursor material on the joint between the first and second substrate materials. 1. A composition of matter , forming a multilayer structure having a base material , comprising:a first compatible material having particles containing chemical elements similar to a first substrate; anda second compatible material having particles containing chemical elements similar to a second substrate, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are chemically different, and wherein the particles of the first and of the second compatible materials are dispersed into a matrix that is in between the first and the second substrate.2. The composition of matter of claim 1 , ...

NOVEL ADHESIVE WITH SUBSTRATE COMPATIBILIZING PARTICLES

A pair of bonded substrates having a first substrate of a first material, a second substrate of the first material, and an adhesive bonding the first substrate to the second substrate, wherein the adhesive has chemically linked compatibilizing particles compatible with the first and second substrates. A composition of matter has an adhesive having a chemically linked particle network forming a bond between a first substrate and a second substrate, wherein compatibilizing particles in the particle network are compatible with the first and second substrates. A method of joining two structures of identical materials includes preparing first and second structures to expose bare material, applying an adhesive to the bare material on the first and second structures, the adhesive containing compatibilizing particles compatible with the material and the preparing allows interaction between the material and the compatibilizing particles, and curing the adhesive. 1. A pair of bonded substrates , comprising:a first substrate of a first material;a second substrate of the first material; andan adhesive bonding the first substrate to the second substrate, wherein the adhesive has compatibilizing chemically linked particles compatible with the first and second substrates.2. The pair of bonded substrates of claim 1 , wherein the compatibilizing chemically linked particles comprise particles having chemical elements that are similar to the corresponding first and second substrates.3. The pair of bonded substrates of claim 1 , wherein the compatibilizing chemically linked particles comprise particles having thermomechanical properties that match the thermomechanical properties of the first and second substrates.4. The pair of bonded substrates of claim 1 , wherein the chemically linked particles comprise particles consisting of metal oxides of the first material.5. The pair of bonded substrates of claim 1 , wherein the first material consists of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) ...

PHASE CHANGE INKS COMPRISING CRYSTALLINE AMIDES

A phase change ink composition suitable for high speed ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In embodiments, the phase change ink composition comprises both a crystalline compound and an amorphous compound, and optionally, a colorant, which provides for a robust ink. The crystalline compound is an amide and the amorphous compound is an ester of tartaric acid. 2. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein Rand Ris independently phenyl or naphthyl claim 1 , optionally substituted with one or more methyl claim 1 , ethyl claim 1 , methoxy claim 1 , ethoxy claim 1 , —NH claim 1 , —CN claim 1 , or —OH.3. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the amide is selected from the group consisting of N-phenethylhydrocinnamide claim 1 , N-phenethylbenzamide claim 1 , and N-benzylbenzamide claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.4. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of menthol claim 1 , isomenthol claim 1 , neomenthol claim 1 , isoneomenthol claim 1 , and any stereoisomers and mixtures thereof.5. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the phase change ink crystallizes in less than 15 seconds.7. The phase change ink of claim 6 , wherein the tartaric acid backbone is selected from L-(+)-tartaric acid claim 6 , D-(−)-tartaric acid claim 6 , DL-tartaric acid claim 6 , or mesotartaric acid claim 6 , and mixtures thereof.8. The phase change ink of claim 6 , wherein the amorphous compound is present in an amount of from about 5 percent to about 40 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.9. The phase change ink of claim 6 , wherein the crystalline compound is present in an amount of from about 60 percent to about 95 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.10. The phase change ink of claim 6 , wherein the crystalline compound of Formula II has a melting temperature (T) of less than 150° C. and a crystallization temperature (T) of greater than 60° C.11. The phase change ...

ENCAPSULATED FLUORESCENT AND PHOTOCHROMIC DYE POLYURETHANE DISPERSION

The present disclosure provides an encapsulated dye dispersion and an inkjet ink comprising an ink vehicle and an encapsulated dye dispersion thereof. In particular, the encapsulated dye dispersion includes a fluorescent and/or photochromic dye. The present disclosure also provides a process for producing the encapsulated dye dispersion. 1. An encapsulated dye dispersion consisting essentially of: [ (i) a polyol;', '(ii) a polyisocyanate; and', '(iii) an internal surfactant;, '(a) a urethane prepolymer having an average weight molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 20,000, the urethane prepolymer being the catalyzed reaction product of, '(b) a neutralizing agent; and', '(c) a chain extender selected from the group consisting of diamines, triamines, and combinations thereof; and, 'a polyurethane dispersion that is the reaction product ofa dye selected from the group consisting of fluorescent dye, photochromic dye, and mixtures thereof, wherein the dye is not reactive towards the polyisocyanate.2. The encapsulated dye dispersion of having an average dispersion particle size of from about 20 nm to about 900 nm.3. The encapsulated dye dispersion of having a viscosity of from about 2 to about 150 cps at room temperature.4. The encapsulated dye dispersion of having a surface tension of from about 15 to about 65 dyn at room temperature.5. The encapsulated dye dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the stoichiometric equivalent molar ratio of internal surfactant to polyol is from about 0.5 to about 2 and the stoichiometric equivalent molar ratio of NCO groups to total OH groups in the prepolymer is from about 1.0 to about 3.0.6. The encapsulated dye dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the dye is present in the amount of from about 0.1 to about 30 percent by weight of the encapsulated dye dispersion.7. The encapsulated dye dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the polyol is selected from the group consisting of polyether polyols claim 1 , polyester polyols claim 1 , polyacrylate ...

Phase Change Inks Comprising Linear Primary Alcohols

A phase change ink comprising an amorphous compound; a crystalline compound; an optional dispersant; an optional synergist; an optional colorant; and an alcohol having a long alkyl chain containing from about 10 to about 80 carbon atoms.

SYSTEM FOR DIGITAL FABRICATION OF GRADED, HIERARCHICAL MATERIAL STRUCTURES

A system to fabricate hierarchical graded materials includes a reservoir to contain a material to be deposited, a print head connected to the reservoir to allow the print head to receive the material to be deposited, the print head having a mixing section, and an actuator connected to the print head, the actuator configured to actuate the print head in six axes of motion. 1. A system to fabricate hierarchical , graded materials , comprising:a reservoir to contain a colloidal material having fibers to be deposited; anda print head connected to the reservoir by a conduit to allow the print head to receive the material to be deposited, the print head having a mixer, comprising:at least two inlets arranged on opposite sides of the mixer from each other;at least two outlets on opposite sides of the mixer from each other and adjacent the inlets;a central channel;a junction between the inlets, outlets and the central channel arranged to generate a mixed flow, the central channel arranged to cause the fibers to orient along a principal straining axis; andan outlet to allow the material to exit the print head.2. The system of claim 1 , the print head further comprising a flow focusing section arranged to receive the mixed flow from the mixer.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the fluidic particle alignment section comprises a section having three outlets claim 2 , one for a main fluid flow and two on either side of the main fluid flow for sheathing fluids claim 2 , the fluidic particle4. The system of claim 1 , the print head further comprising a reactive bonding section between the mixer and an outlet.5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an actuator to move the print head in 6 axes of movement.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the actuator is to alter orientation of the outlet based upon a scale of the fibers.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the mixer is capable of modulating the material on a scale of a voxel.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the mixer is ...

NON-STICKY ERASABLE MEDIA WITH OVERCOAT

Exemplary embodiments provide an erasable medium having an overcoat layer on a photochromic layer to provide a non-adhesive surface for the erasable medium when exposed to high temperatures, wherein the overcoat layer can include a latex or a mixture of a latex and a wax. 1. A method for making an erasable medium comprising:providing a photochromic layer on at least one surface of a substrate;applying a liquid composition to the photochromic layer, wherein the liquid composition comprises at least a latex; andsolidifying the applied liquid composition on the photochromic layer to form an overcoat layer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid composition further comprises a wax emulsion mixed with the latex.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the liquid composition comprises a ratio of latex/wax/water for about 9/1/1. This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/777,550 filed May 11, 2010, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.The present teachings relate generally to erasable media and, more particularly, to non-sticky erasable media having an overcoat.Conventional reusable or erasable media include a polymeric material that may be imaged using radiation energy. The formed images may be erased by application of heat. Conventional methods for applying heat to erase the images from the conventional erasable media include the use of a heated fuser.In a conventional process, when an imaged erasable paper is fed into a heated fuser assembly for erasing, the paper sheet often adheres to the surface of the fuser roll. This is because the required heating temperature for erasure is significantly higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymeric material forming the reusable media. As a result, the heat used for erasing softens the polymeric material, causing the erasable paper to become sticky and adhere to the fuser roll.The adhering problem may also occur when the erasable media ...

COATING TO COOL A SURFACE BY PASSIVE RADIATIVE COOLING

Disclosed herein in is a radiative cooling formulation comprising a first component with >55% reflectance in wavelengths between 0.3 to 2.5 microns, a second component with >0.85 peak thermal emissivity in a window of 4 to 35 microns, and a third component to mechanically bind together the mixture of components. 1. A radiative cooling formulation comprising:a first component with >55% reflectance in wavelengths between 0.3 to 2.5 microns;a second component with >0.85 peak thermal emissivity in a window of 4 to 35 microns; anda third component to mechanically bind together the first and second components.2. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 1 , further comprising a fourth component to protect the first claim 1 , second and third components from at least one of physical damage or degraded properties.3. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 2 , wherein two or more of the first claim 2 , second components comprise a same material.4. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 2 , wherein at least one of the first claim 2 , second claim 2 , third or fourth components comprise multiple materials.5. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 1 , wherein the second and fourth components are a same material.6. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 1 , wherein members of the first component comprise Teflon™ claim 1 , PTFE claim 1 , barium sulfate claim 1 , zinc oxides claim 1 , aluminum oxides claim 1 , magnesium oxides claim 1 , or Tio2.7. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 1 , wherein members of the second component comprise materials with carbon-carbon bonding claim 1 , PTFE claim 1 , PFA claim 1 , FEP claim 1 , ETFE claim 1 , THV claim 1 , Tefzel™ claim 1 , ethyl cellulose claim 1 , poly ethyl methacrylate PEMA claim 1 , poly methyl methacrylate PMMA claim 1 , polyvincyl butyrol PVB claim 1 , cellulose acetate claim 1 , polyethylene claim 1 , polypropylene claim 1 , polyethylene terephthalate PET claim 1 , polyethylene naphthalate PEN claim 1 , ...

INKS COMPRISING AMORPHOUS UREAS

A phase change ink includes a crystalline component and an amorphous component, the amorphous component including a branched alkyl core and a urea functional group. 1. A phase change ink comprising:a crystalline component; andan amorphous component, wherein the amorphous component comprises a branched alkyl core and a urea functional group.2. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the crystalline component to amorphous components ranges from about 9:1 to about 2:1.6. The phase change ink of claim 5 , wherein each R is isoamyl.7. The phase change ink of claim 5 , wherein each R is tert-pentyl.8. The phase change ink of claim 5 , wherein each R is n-butyl.9. The phase change ink of claim 5 , wherein each R is n-propyl.10. The phase change in of claim 5 , wherein each R is sec-butyl.11. A phase change ink comprising:a crystalline component; anda urea component, wherein the urea component comprises a branched alkyl core and a urea functional group, wherein a degree of branching of the branched alkyl core is sufficient to provide the urea component that is amorphous.12. The phase change ink of claim 11 , wherein the urea component comprises two urea functional groups.14. The phase change ink of claim 13 , wherein each R is isoamyl.15. The phase change ink of claim 13 , wherein each R is n-propyl.16. A phase change ink comprising:a crystalline component; andan amorphous component, wherein the amorphous component comprises a branched alkyl core and a urea functional group and wherein the amorphous component has a glass transition temperature in a range from about −15° C. to about 30° C.18. The phase change ink of claim 17 , wherein each R is isoamyl.19. The phase change ink of claim 17 , wherein each R is n-propyl. Embodiments disclosed herein relate to ink compositions. More particularly, embodiments disclosed herein relate to amorphous ureas used in phase change inks comprising mixtures of amorphous and crystalline components.Phase change inks are desirable ...

LOW VOLATILITY, HIGH EFFICIENCY GAS BARRIER COATING FOR CRYO-COMPRESSED HYDROGEN TANKS

A method includes depositing graphene into a hardener, mixing the hardener and the graphene to produce a homogenous composite mixture, adding a resin material to the composite mixture to produce an epoxy graphene material, coating a structure with the epoxy graphene material, aligning the graphene sheets in the in-plane orientation, and curing the epoxy graphene material. 1. A method , comprising:depositing graphene into a hardener;mixing the hardener and the graphene to produce a homogenous composite mixture;adding a resin material to the composite mixture to produce an epoxy graphene material;coating a structure with the epoxy graphene material;aligning the graphene sheets in the in-plane orientation; andcuring the epoxy graphene material.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising exfoliating the graphene prior to depositing the graphene into a hardener.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein mixing comprises using a high shear mixer.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein using a high shear mixer comprises using an acoustic mixer.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein coating a structure with the epoxy graphene material comprises using a robotic arm with a dispensing nozzle.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein coating a structure comprises coating a structure with a layer of the epoxy graphene material having a thickness between 10 and 200 micrometers.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein coating a structure comprises coating a carbon-fiber reinforced polymer tank.8. A cured composition of matter manufactured using the method of claim 1 , the cured composition comprising horizontally aligned graphene sheets dispersed in a NASA-approved low outgassing epoxy.9. The composition of matter of claim 8 , wherein the epoxy is a NASA approved low outgassing epoxy and the cured layer has a gas permeability of less than 0.01 cc·mil/100 in/24 h/atm.10. The coated composition of matter of claim 8 , wherein the gas comprises of at least one of methane claim 8 , ethane claim 8 , higher ...

MECHANICALLY ROBUST LINKED PARTICLE NETWORKS

A method includes functionalizing edges of particles of an anisotropic material, exfoliating of the particles to form sheets of the material, aligning the sheets of material to form a network of multi-layered and aligned particles, and forming a structure out of the network of particles. A method includes functionalizing edges of particles of an anisotropic material, exfoliating the particles to form sheets of the material, aligning the sheets of material to form a network of multi-layered and aligned particles, and forming a structure out of the network of particles. 1. A composition of matter , comprising:a network of chemically-linked particles, wherein the chemically-linked particles have linking segments connecting adjacent particles formed from reacting organic difunctional molecules with the linked particles.2. The composition of matter of wherein the chemically-linked particles materials are selected from a group consisting of carbon claim 1 , solid oxides of main elements from main group III and IV claim 1 , insoluble oxides of transition metals claim 1 , layered silicates claim 1 , and clays claim 1 , and the reactive molecular linker are selected from a group consisting of difunctional epoxies claim 1 , acyl chlorides claim 1 , isocyanates and vinyl monomers.3. A The composition of matter of claim 1 ,wherein network of chemically-linked particles comprises anisotropic particles aligned in-plane particle-to-particle to form sheets, and in parallel between sheets.4. The composition of matter of claim 3 , wherein the anisotropic particles comprise one of platy particles claim 3 , fibers and rods.5. The composition of matter of claim 3 , wherein the anisotropic particles comprises platy particles comprising one of graphene layered silicate clays claim 3 , laponite claim 3 , hydroxyapatite claim 3 , alumina platelets claim 3 , aluminum hydroxide platelets.6. The composition of matter of claim 3 , further comprising the network of chemically-linked anisotropic ...

Phase change inks comprising inorganic nucleating agents

A solid ink composition suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In particular, the solid ink composition comprises a crystalline compound, an amorphous compound, and an inorganic nucleating agent, which provides for a robust and fast printing ink.

Phase Change Ink Comprising Modified Naturally-Derived Colorants

A phase change ink composition comprising an ink vehicle; an optional dispersant; and a modified naturally-derived colorant comprising a naturally-derived colorant that is modified with an aliphatic quaternary ammonium salt, an aromatic quaternary ammonium salt, or a mixture or combination thereof. The modified naturally-derived colorant is compatible with phase change ink vehicles. 1. A phase change ink composition comprising:an ink vehicle;an optional dispersant;a modified naturally-derived colorant comprising a naturally-derived colorant that is modified with an aliphatic quaternary salt, an olephenic quaternary salt, an aromatic quaternary salt, or a mixture or combination thereof;an optional fluorescent dye; andan optional synergist.2. The phase change ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the naturally-derived colorant is derived from a member of the group consisting of tetrapyrroles claim 1 , tetra-terpenoids claim 1 , quinines claim 1 , O-heterocyclic compounds claim 1 , N-heterocyclic compounds claim 1 , metallo-proteins claim 1 , lipofuscins claim 1 , and fungal pigments; orwherein the naturally-derived colorant is derived from a member of the group consisting of Safflower, Caesalpina, Maddar, Kermes, Drago tree, Daemonorops, Cochineal, Lac, Bougainvillea, Golden rod, Teak, Marigold, Weld, Saffron, Parijata, Indigo, Woad, Suntberry, Pivet, molluscs, Murasaki, Water lily, Tulsi, Canna, Lily, Nettles, Balsam, Dahlia, Annatto, Balsam, Blackberries, Lac, Alder, Rofblamala, Custard apple, Harda, and mixtures and combinations thereof.7. The phase change ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the naturally-derived colorant is modified with an aliphatic quaternary ammonium salt claim 1 , an aromatic quaternary ammonium salt claim 1 , or a mixture or combination thereof.8. The phase change ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the naturally-derived colorant is modified with an aliphatic quaternary ammonium salt comprising an alkyl chain having at least eight carbon ...

FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE OXIDE CURABLE FORMULATIONS

A method of producing functionalized graphene oxide includes mixing graphene oxide with a reactive monomer containing at least one epoxy functional group and a secondary functional group that is selected from vinyl, acrylate, methacrylate, and epoxy to form a mixture, adding an activation agent, heating and stirring the mixture, cooling the mixture, separating the particles from the mixture, and drying the particles to produce functionalized graphene oxide. A method of manufacturing a cured polymer resin using functionalized graphene oxide includes mixing functionalized graphene oxide with a resin precursor to produce a functionalized graphene mixture, wherein the particles contain functional groups nearly identical to, or identical to, a polymer precursor material, adding a curing initiator to the functionalized graphene mixture and mixing to produce a formulation, depositing the formulation into a desired shape, and curing the formulation to form a polymer having functionalized graphene oxide groups in a base polymer material. 1. A method of producing functionalized graphene oxide , comprising:mixing graphene oxide with a reactive monomer containing at least one epoxy functional group and a secondary functional group that is selected from vinyl, acrylate, methacrylate, and epoxy to form a mixture;adding an activation agentheating and stirring the mixture;cooling the mixture;separating the particles from the mixture; anddrying the particles to produce functionalized graphene oxide.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising washing and filtering the mixture after cooling.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein dispersing the graphene oxide with a reactive monomer includes using a solvent that can disperse both graphene oxide and reactive monomer.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising evaporating the solvent before the heating and stirring.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heating and stirring includes using milling medium.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein ...

OPTICALLY SWITCHABLE COMPOSITION FOR AQUEOUS TRANSFIX BLANKET

An intermediate transfer member containing a blend of materials including a base polymer and a stimulus-responsive additive, an intermediate transfer member containing a first layer including a base polymer and a second layer grafted onto the first layer and including a stimulus-responsive additive, and a method of printing an image to a substrate. 1. An intermediate transfer member comprising: a base polymer; and', 'a stimulus-responsive additive., 'a blend of materials comprising2. The intermediate transfer member of claim 1 , wherein the stimulus-responsive additive is responsive to light.3. The intermediate transfer member of claim 1 , wherein the base polymer has a surface free energy of from about 10 to about 25.4. The intermediate transfer member of claim 1 , wherein the base polymer is selected from the group consisting of fluorinated ethylene claim 1 , fluorinated propylene claim 1 , fluorosilicones claim 1 , silicone rubbers claim 1 , and fluoroelastomers.5. The intermediate transfer member of claim 1 , wherein the stimulus-responsive additive is selected from the group consisting of azobenzenes claim 1 , spiropyrans claim 1 , triphenylmethyl derivatives claim 1 , and cinnamoyl derivatives.6. The intermediate transfer member of claim 1 , wherein:the intermediate transfer member is in a first surface free energy state when illuminated with a UV light having a wavelength of from about 200 to about 400 nm;the intermediate transfer member is in a second surface free energy state when illuminated with light having a wavelength of from about 400 to about 800 nm; andthe first surface free energy state is higher than the second free energy state.7. The intermediate transfer member of claim 1 , wherein the lower surface free energy state is achieved by heating the intermediate transfer member at a temperature of from about 50° C. to about 200° C.8. The intermediate transfer member of claim 1 , wherein:the polymer is present in the blend of materials in a range of ...

CARBON FIBER FABRICATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Methods comprising: contacting a carbon fiber seed to a carbon-metal melt, drawing the carbon fiber seed to form a carbon fiber. And, systems and apparatuses comprising: a carbon fiber reactor for fabricating carbon fiber, the reactor comprising a receptacle for containing a carbon-metal melt, and a plurality of nozzles through which a plurality of menisci are formed by the carbon-metal melt for contact with a carbon seed to fabricate the carbon fiber. 1. A method comprising: contacting a carbon fiber seed with a carbon-metal melt , drawing the carbon fiber seed from at a pulling rate to form a carbon fiber.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein when the pulling rate is a pulling down rate from a meniscus of the carbon-metal melt claim 1 , a temperature of the carbon-metal melt above the meniscus is above liquidus and the temperature below the meniscus is below liquidus; and when the pulling rate is a pulling up rate from the meniscus of the carbon-metal melt claim 1 , a temperature of the carbon-metal melt below the meniscus is above liquidus and the temperature above the meniscus is below liquidus.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the pulling rate is about 10 mm/min to about 10 claim 2 ,000 mm/min.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the pulling rate is 1 claim 3 ,000 mm/min.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon fiber has a diameter in the range of about 1 μm to about 100 μm.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon fiber has a length of about 0.5 km to about 50 km.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-metal melt comprises a carbon source selected from the group consisting a hydrocarbon gas claim 1 , a hydrocarbon liquid claim 1 , a hydrocarbon solid claim 1 , a natural gas claim 1 , a flared natural gas claim 1 , a biogas claim 1 , a pyrolysis gas claim 1 , petcoke claim 1 , coal claim 1 , soot claim 1 , recycled pure carbon fiber waste claim 1 , recycled carbon fiber composite waste claim 1 , a plastic claim 1 , a recycled plastic claim 1 , a ...

Polymer aerogel for window glazings

An energy efficient window includes a plate of glass having a first side and a second side opposite the first side. A polymer aerogel thermal barrier having a first side and a second side is further provided. One of the first side and the second side of the polymer aerogel thermal barrier is located on one of the first side and the second side of the plate glass.

Phase Change Ink Composition And Process For Preparing Same

A process for preparing a phase change ink including (a) subjecting a white colorant to acoustic mixing at an acceleration of from about 30 to about 110 g; (b) optionally, adding a dispersant and subjecting the white colorant and dispersant to further acoustic mixing at an acceleration of from about 30 to about 110 g; (c) separately melt mixing an optional antioxidant, an optional synergist, and a phase change ink carrier comprising (i) a branched triamide and (ii) a polyethylene wax, a Fischer Tropsch wax, or a mixture or combination thereof, to form a melt mixture; (d) adding the melt mixture of (c) to the acoustically mixed white colorant of (a) or (b) with stirring; (e) optionally, adding a fluorescent dye with stirring; and (d) optionally, filtering the phase change ink. 1. A process for preparing a phase change ink comprising:(a) subjecting a white colorant to acoustic mixing at an acceleration of from about 30 to about 110 g;(b) optionally, adding a dispersant and subjecting the white colorant and dispersant to further acoustic mixing at an acceleration of from about 30 to about 110 g;(c) separately melt mixing an optional antioxidant, an optional synergist, and a phase change ink carrier comprising (i) a branched triamide and (ii) a polyethylene wax, a Fischer Tropsch wax, or a mixture or combination thereof, to form a melt mixture;(d) adding the melt mixture of (c) to the acoustically mixed white colorant of (a) or (b) with stirring;(e) optionally, adding a fluorescent dye with stirring; and(d) optionally, filtering the phase change ink.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the white colorant is a white pigment selected from titanium dioxide pigment claim 1 , rutile claim 1 , zinc oxide pigment claim 1 , zinc sulfide pigment claim 1 , calcium carbonate pigment claim 1 , clay claim 1 , lithopone or mixtures or combinations thereof.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the white colorant is a titanium dioxide pigment having a particle size of from about 200 to ...

PHASE CHANGE INKS COMPRISING NOVEL CRYSTALLINE COMPOUNDS

A phase change ink composition suitable for ink jet printing, including robust printing on coated paper substrates. In embodiments, the phase change ink composition comprises both a crystalline compound and an amorphous compound which are derived from bio-renewable materials. In particular, the present embodiments provide novel crystalline compounds with at least two aromatic moieties for use in the phase change inks. 2. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein R is an alkyl group with at least 6 carbon atoms and no more than 60 carbon atoms.3. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has at least 60 percent by weight of bio-renewable content.4. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has a viscosity of less than 10 cps at a temperature of about 140° C.5. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has a viscosity of from about 1 to about 10 cps in a jetting range of from about 100 to about 140° C.6. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has Tof less than 150° C.7. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has Tof greater than 65° C.8. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has a viscosity of greater than about 10cps at room temperature.9. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component comprises a dialkyl naphthalene dicarboxylate compound.10. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the ink is capable of crystallizing at a total crystallization time of less than 15 seconds as measured by the standardized TROM procedure.11. The phase change ink of having at least 50% percent by weight of bio-renewable content.13. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component is present in an amount of from about 60 percent to about 95 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.14. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous component is present in ...

Phase Change Ink Containing Amorphous Amides

A phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous amide compound, a crystalline compound; an optional synergist; an optional dispersant; and an optional colorant; wherein the amorphous amide compound is of the formula 2. The phase change ink composition of claim 1 , wherein R is an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms.3. The phase change ink composition of claim 1 , wherein R is an alkyl group having from about 2 to about 18 carbon atoms.8. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline compound is selected from the group consisting of dibenzyl L-tartrate claim 1 , diphenethyl L-tartrate claim 1 , bis(3-phenyl-1-propyl) L-tartrate claim 1 , bis(2-phenoxyethyl) L-tartrate claim 1 , diphenyl L-tartrate claim 1 , bis-4-methylphenyl) L-tartrate claim 1 , bis(4-methoxylphenyl) L-tartrate claim 1 , bis(4-methylbenzyl) L-tartrate claim 1 , bis(4-methoxybenzyl) L-tartrate claim 1 , and stereoisomers and mixtures thereof.11. The phase change ink composition of claim 10 , wherein Ris an alkylene group having from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms.15. The phase change ink of claim 10 , wherein the crystalline compound is selected from the group consisting of dibenzyl L-tartrate claim 10 , diphenethyl L-tartrate claim 10 , bis(3-phenyl-1-propyl) L-tartrate claim 10 , bis(2-phenoxyethyl) L-tartrate claim 10 , diphenyl L-tartrate claim 10 , bis-4-methylphenyl) L-tartrate claim 10 , bis(4-methoxylphenyl) L-tartrate claim 10 , bis(4-methylbenzyl) L-tartrate claim 10 , bis(4-methoxybenzyl) L-tartrate claim 10 , and stereoisomers and mixtures thereof.17. A process comprising:(1) incorporating into an ink jet printing apparatus a phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous amide compound; a crystalline compound; an optional synergist; an optional dispersant; and an optional colorant;(2) melting the ink; and(3) causing droplets of the melted ink to be ejected in an imagewise pattern onto a substrate. Commonly assigned U.S. patent application ...

COATING TO COOL A SURFACE BY PASSIVE RADIATIVE COOLING

Disclosed herein in is a radiative cooling formulation comprising a first component with >55% reflectance in a wavelengths range of 0.3 to 2.5 microns, a second component with >0.85 peak thermal emissivity in a window range of 4 to 35 microns, and a third component to mechanically bind together a mixture of the first and second components. 1. An apparatus comprising: a first component with >55% reflectance in a wavelengths range of 0.3 to 2.5 microns;', 'a second component with >0.85 peak thermal emissivity in a window range of 4 to 35 microns; and', 'a third component to mechanically bind together a mixture of the first and second components., 'a radiative cooling formulation comprising2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the radiative cooling formulation further comprises a fourth component to protect the first and second components.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein two or more of the first claim 1 , second and third components comprise a same material.4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the second component and the fourth component are the same component.5. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the first component comprises one or more of the following materials: Teflon PTFE claim 2 , barium sulfate claim 2 , zinc oxides claim 2 , aluminum oxides claim 2 , magnesium oxides claim 2 , TiO.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second component comprises one or more of the following materials: materials with carbon-carbon bonding claim 1 , PTFE claim 1 , PFA claim 1 , FEP claim 1 , ETFE claim 1 , THV claim 1 , Tefzel™ claim 1 , ethyl cellulose claim 1 , poly ethyl methacrylate PEMA claim 1 , poly methyl methacrylate PMMA claim 1 , polyvincyl butyrol PVB claim 1 , cellulose acetate claim 1 , polyethylene claim 1 , polypropylene claim 1 , polyethylene terephthalate PET claim 1 , polyethylene naphthalate PEN claim 1 , polyesters claim 1 , and polycarbonate.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second component is a top coating.8. The apparatus of claim 1 , ...

LOW VOLATILITY, HIGH EFFICIENCY GAS BARRIER COATING FOR CRYO-COMPRESSED HYDROGEN TANKS

A bilayer object consisting of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer substrate coated with a composition of matter comprising horizontally aligned exfoliated graphene sheets dispersed in an epoxy binder. A method includes depositing graphene into a hardener, mixing the hardener and the graphene to produce a homogenous composite mixture, adding a resin material to the composite mixture to produce an epoxy graphene material, coating a structure with the epoxy graphene material, aligning the graphene sheets in the in-plane orientation, and curing the epoxy graphene material. 1. A bilayer object consisting of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer substrate coated with a composition of matter comprising horizontally aligned exfoliated graphene sheets dispersed in an epoxy binder.2. The object of wherein the coating consists of chemically bonded horizontally aligned graphene sheets bonded by epoxy linkers.3. The object of wherein the coating consists of non-functionalized graphene sheets dispersed in low outgassing epoxy.4. The object of wherein the graphene coated layer has a gas permeability less than 0.01 cc·mil/100 in/24 h/atm and outgassing properties of CVCM of less than 0.1 percent and TML less than 1 percent.5. A cured composition of matter comprising horizontally aligned graphene sheets dispersed in a NASA approved low outgassing epoxy.6. The composition of matter of claim 5 , wherein the epoxy is a NASA approved low outgassing epoxy and the cured layer has a gas permeability of less than 0.01 cc·mil/100 in/24 h/atm.7. The coated composition of matter of where the gas comprises of at least one of methane claim 5 , ethane claim 5 , higher volatile hydrocarbons claim 5 , oxygen claim 5 , nitrogen claim 5 , carbon monoxide claim 5 , hydrogen and carbon dioxide.8. The composition of matter of claim 5 , wherein the composition of matter comprises from 0.3 to 10 percent graphene by weight.9. A method claim 5 , comprising:depositing graphene into a hardener;mixing the hardener ...

SPREADABLE INK COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF PREDICTING WHETHER INK COMPOSITION WILL HAVE ACCEPTABLE SPREADING PERFORMANCE

A phase change ink composition is disclosed. The phase change ink composition comprises a crystalline component and an amorphous component. At a temperature ranging from about 40° C. to about 80° C., the phase change ink simultaneously exhibits (i) a static force ranging from about 2 N to about 4.5 N, and (ii) a storage modulus ranging from about 300 MPa to about 700 Mpa. The crystalline component is not a wax. A method of predicting spreading performance of a phase change ink is also disclosed. 1. A phase change ink , comprising:a crystalline component; andan amorphous component;wherein at a temperature ranging from about 40° C. to about 80° C. the phase change ink simultaneously exhibits (i) a static force ranging from about 2 N to about 4.5 N, and (ii) a storage modulus ranging from about 300 MPa to about 700 MPa,wherein the crystalline component is not a wax.2. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous component has a molecular weight that is less than 1000 g/mol.3. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has a molecular weight that is less than 2000 g/mol.4. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline component has a viscosity ranging from about 2 to about 50 centipoise at a temperature of 140° C.6. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein: {'br': None, 'sub': 6', '2', '2', 'p', '7, 'R—O—[(CH)O]—R\u2003\u2003(III)'}, 'the crystalline component is an aromatic ether having the following structure{'sub': 6', '7', '6', '7, 'wherein Rand Ris independently selected from the group consisting of (i) an alkyl group, which can be a linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, alkyl group, and wherein heteroatoms may optionally be present in the alkyl group, in embodiments, having from about 1 to about 40 carbon atoms; (ii) an arylalkyl group, which can be a substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl group, wherein the alkyl portion of arylalkyl group can be linear or ...

Method to produce transparent polymer aerogels using chain transfer agents

A method of producing a transparent polymer aerogel can include dissolving gel precursors consisting of radical polymerizable monomers and crosslinkers, radical initiators, and a chain transfer agent (CTA) in a reaction solvent, placing the gel precursors into a substrate, polymerizing the gel on the substrate, optionally removing the wet gel from the mold, optionally performing at least one solvent exchange on the gel, and drying the solvent-exchanged gel.

METAL NANOPARTICLE-DECORATED NANOTUBES FOR GAS SENSING

Disclosed herein are methods of producing metal nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes. The methods include forming a reaction mixture by combining a first solution with a second solution, wherein the first solution comprises polymer-coated metal nanoparticles comprising metallic nanoparticles coated with a polymer, and wherein the second solution comprises carbon nanotubes. The methods also include heating the reaction mixture to a temperature greater than a glass transition temperature of the polymer for a time sufficient to cause the polymer-coated metal nanoparticles to bind to the carbon nanotubes forming the metal nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes. 1. A method of producing metal nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes , the method comprising:forming a reaction mixture by combining a first solution with a second solution, wherein the first solution comprises polymer-coated metal nanoparticles comprising metallic nanoparticles coated with a polymer, and wherein the second solution comprises carbon nanotubes; andheating the reaction mixture to a temperature greater than a glass transition temperature of the polymer for a time sufficient to cause the polymer-coated metal nanoparticles to bind to the carbon nanotubes forming the metal nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-coated metal nanoparticles are fully-formed prior to forming the reaction mixture.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the polymer-coated metal nanoparticles are non-covalently bound to the carbon nanotubes.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein an average degree of functionalization of the carbon nanotubes with carboxylic acid groups and/or hydroxyl groups is less than 3 wt % based on a total weight of the carbon nanotubes.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:dispersing the metal nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes in a non-aqueous solvent-based ink.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-coated-metal nanoparticles are coated ...

Fluorescent phase change ink compositions

A phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous component, a crystalline material, a fluorescent material and optionally, a non-fluorescent colorant, which are suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. The novel phase change ink formulation allows the ink to change color when exposed to UV light, reversibly and multiple times, providing an ink suitable for use in security applications.

PHOTOCHROMIC PHASE CHANGE INK COMPOSITIONS

A phase change ink composition comprising an amorphous component, a crystalline material, a photochromic material and optionally, a colorant, which are suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. The novel phase change ink formulation allows the ink to change color when exposed to UV light, reversibly and multiple times, providing an ink suitable for use in security applications. 1. A phase change ink comprising:{'sup': '6', 'a crystalline component having a viscosity of less than 12 cps at a temperature of about 140° C. and a viscosity of greater than 1×10cps at room temperature;'}{'sup': '6', 'an amorphous component having a viscosity of less than 100 cps at a temperature of about 140° C. and a viscosity of greater than 1×10cps at room temperature;'}a photochromic material; andan optional colorant.2. The phase change ink of being capable of being printed at speeds of 200 pages per minute or higher with a direct to paper sheet fed or continuous print device without successive papers sticking and requiring no delay prior to cutting and/or stacking the sheets.3. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein a ratio between the absorbance of the photochromic compound and the remaining components of the ink at an activation wavelength is higher than 1.4. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline and amorphous components are blended in a weight ratio of from about 65:35 to about 95:5 claim 1 , respectively.7. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the photochromic material is present in an amount of from about 1 to about 15 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.8. The phase change ink of claim 7 , wherein the photochromic material is present in an amount of from about 1 to about 10 percent by weight of the total weight of the phase change ink.9. The phase change ink of claim 1 , wherein the photochromic material is selected from the group consisting of diarylethenes claim 1 , spiropyrans and ...

THERMALLY SWITCHABLE COMPOSITION

A composition including a stimulus-responsive polymer, a base polymer and a catalyst, wherein the surface free energy of the stimulus-responsive polymer is reversibly adjustable from a first surface free energy state to a second surface free energy state when heated to an activation temperature, and wherein the base polymer does not include a platinum catalyst is described. A method of preparing the composition and a method of adjusting a surface free energy of the composition is also described. 1. A composition comprising a stimulus-responsive polymer , a base polymer and a catalyst , wherein the surface free energy of the stimulus-responsive polymer is reversibly adjustable from a first surface free energy state to a second surface free energy state when heated to an activation temperature , and wherein the base composition does not include a platinum catalyst.2. The polymer composition according to claim 1 , wherein the surface free energy of the first surface free energy state is from about 25 to about 65 dynes/cm claim 1 , and the surface free energy of the second surface free energy state is from about 8 to about 30 dynes/cm.3. The polymer composition according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is an organometallic catalyst comprising tin or titanium4. The polymer composition according to claim 1 , wherein the stimulus-responsive polymer comprises a monomer unit selected from the group consisting of N-isopropylacrylamide claim 1 , N-ethylacrylamide claim 1 , N-n-propylacrylamide claim 1 , N-ethyl claim 1 ,N-methylacrylamide claim 1 , N claim 1 ,N-diethylacrylamide claim 1 , N-isopropyl claim 1 ,N-methylacrylamide claim 1 , N-cyclopropylacrylamide claim 1 , N-acryloylpyrrolidine claim 1 , N-acryloylpiperidine claim 1 , N-vinyl-caprolactam claim 1 , 2-alkyl-2-oxazoline claim 1 , an alkyl-substituted cellulose claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.5. The polymer composition according to claim 1 , wherein the stimulus-responsive polymer is selected from the group ...

METHOD FOR JOINING DISSIMILAR MATERIALS

A deposition system has a multi-material print head, a first reservoir of a first compatible material having particles containing chemical elements similar to a first substrate, a second reservoir of a second compatible material having particles containing chemical elements similar to a second substrate, a third reservoir of an polymer precursor material, and at least one mixer. A method of bonding a joint between dissimilar substrate materials includes functionalizing a first compatible material having chemical elements similar to a first substrate, mixing the first compatible material with a polymer precursor material, functionalizing a second compatible material having chemical elements similar to a second substrate, mixing the second compatible material with a polymer precursor material, and using the deposition system to deposit the first and second compatible materials and a polymer precursor material on the joint between the first and second substrate materials. 1. A deposition system , comprising:a multi-material print head;a first reservoir of a first compatible material having particles containing chemical elements similar to a first substrate;a second reservoir of a second compatible material having particles containing chemical elements similar to a second substrate;a third reservoir of an polymer precursor material; andat least one mixer to selectively mix concentrations of the first and second compatible materials and the polymer precursor material to create multiple mixtures, and feed the mixtures to the deposition system.2. The deposition system of claim 1 , further comprising a pump connected to the first reservoir and second reservoir in such a manner to apply pressure to the materials to move the materials in the print head.3. The deposition system of claim 1 , wherein the first compatible material and the second compatible material are selected from the group consisting of: graphene; graphene oxide; carbon nanotubes; aluminum oxide; titanium ...

METHOD TO PRODUCE TRANSPARENT POLYMER AEROGELS USING CHAIN TRANSFER AGENTS

A method of producing a polymer aerogel can include dissolving gel precursors consisting of radical polymerizable monomers and crosslinkers, radical initiators, and a chain transfer agent (CTA) in a reaction solvent, wherein the monomers and cross-linkers produce stiff homopolymers; placing the gel precursors into a substrate; polymerizing the gel on the substrate; optionally removing the wet gel from the mold; optionally performing at least one solvent exchange on the gel; and removing the reaction solvent. 1. A method of producing a polymer aerogel , the method comprising:dissolving gel precursors consisting of radical polymerizable monomers and crosslinkers, radical initiators, and a chain transfer agent (CTA) in a reaction solvent, wherein the monomers and cross-linkers produce stiff homopolymers having a Young's Modulus of at least 3.5 GPa;placing the gel precursors into a substrate;polymerizing the gel in the substrate; andremoving the reaction solvent.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monomers and crosslinkers that produce stiff homopolymers having a Young's Modulus of at least 3.5 GPa comprise at least 80 wt % of the polymerizable precursors.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gel has a BET surface area higher than 100 m/g.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gel has a visible transmittance higher than 30% for a sample 3 mm thick or greater.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gel has a haze lower than 30% for a sample at least 3 mm thick.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer aerogel undergoes solvent exchange prior to drying.7. A polymer aerogel formed by dissolving gel precursors comprising radical polymerizable monomers and crosslinkers claim 1 , radical initiators claim 1 , and a chain transfer agent (CTA) in a reaction solvent claim 1 , wherein the monomers and cross-linkers produce stiff homopolymers having a Young's Modulus of at least 3.5 GPa claim 1 , placing the gel precursors into a substrate claim 1 , polymerizing the gel in ...

Recyclable porous desalination material

A porous material including polymerized units containing pores is provided, which can be employed for desalination applications. Each of the units includes at least one aromatic amino group and at least one hydroxyl group. The aromatic amino groups and the hydroxyl groups are arranged on surfaces of the pores in geometries configured to capture sodium chloride from an aqueous environment. The porous material can be provided as particles or a sponge. The porous material can be manufactured from a solution including monomers, a porogen, and an initiator by a polymerization process. The porous material can be reused after a desalination process by treatment with deionized water. A steam generation apparatus can be employed to facilitate removal of sodium chloride from the porous material in which sodium chloride is captured.

PHOTOCHROMIC LATEX INK

A photochromic latex ink includes an organic polymer; optionally a colorant, and a photochromic compound. The photochromic ink composition has an average particle size from about 20 nm to about 600 nm. The photochromic ink composition is capable of reversibly converting from a first color to a second color in response to a predetermined wavelength scope. 1. A photochromic latex particle comprising:an organic polymer;optionally a colorant; anda photochromic compound;wherein the photochromic latex particle has a particle size from about 20 nm to about 600 nm.2. The photochromic latex particle according to claim 1 , wherein the latex particle has a particle size from about 80 nm to about 350 nm.3. The photochromic latex particle according to claim 1 , wherein the photochromic latex particle has a particle size from about 90 nm to about 300 nm.4. The photochromic latex particle according to claim 1 , wherein the latex particle includes a core and a shell encasing the core.5. The photochromic latex particle according to claim 4 , wherein the photochromic compound is present in the core and the colorant is present in the shell.6. The photochromic latex particle according to claim 1 , wherein the latex particle includes a core having the photochromic compound claim 1 , an inner shell encasing the core claim 1 , and an outer shell encasing the inner shell.7. A photochromic latex ink composition claim 1 , comprising:an organic polymer;optionally a colorant;a photochromic compound; anda carrier;wherein, at a jetting temperature from about 25° C. to about 70° C., the photochromic latex ink composition has a surface tension from about 15 mN/m to about 50 mN/m.8. The photochromic latex ink composition according to claim 7 , wherein the photochromic latex ink composition has a surface tension from about 15 mN/m to about 45 mN/m.9. The photochromic latex ink composition according to claim 7 , wherein the photochromic latex ink composition has a surface tension from about 20 mN/m ...

Colorimetric drug test strip using porous support material

A test strip includes a substantially transparent substrate and one or more colorimetric test spots on the transparent substrate. Each colorimetric test spot has one or more sensing chemicals chemically attached onto a porous support material. The porous support material has at least one exposed surface configured to absorb a body fluid. The one or more sensing chemicals are configured to change a color in response to a presence of a target drug in the body fluid.

SYSTEM FOR DIGITAL FABRICATION OF GRADED, HIERARCHICAL MATERIAL STRUCTURES

A method to fabricate hierarchical graded materials includes providing a reservoir of functionalized particles, mixing at least some of the functionalized particles using a mixer in the print head having a mixed fluid volume control on an order of a voxel to produce mixed functionalized particles, and actuating a print head to deposit the mixed functionalized particles on a substrate. 1. A method to fabricate hierarchical graded materials , comprising:providing a reservoir of functionalized particles;mixing at least some of the functionalized particles using a mixer in the print head having a mixed fluid volume control on an order of a voxel to produce mixed functionalized particles; andactuating a print head to deposit the mixed functionalized particles on a substrate.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a stimulus to the mixed functionalized particles to reactively bond the functionalized particles.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein applying a stimulus comprises applying one of either heat or light.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising focusing a flow of the mixed functionalized particles.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein focusing a flow comprises creating a coaxial flow of materials.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein creating a coaxial flow of materials comprises applying a sheathing fluid to outer channels of a flow focusing section and applying a main fluid to a central channel.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising fluidic particle alignment.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein fluidic particle alignment comprises altering an angle of deposition based upon a scale of the particles.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing a reservoir of functionalized particles comprises providing a reservoir of at least one of anisotropic platelets claim 1 , chiplets claim 1 , wires claim 1 , fibers claim 1 , and colloidal building blocks.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein mixing at least some of the functionalized particles comprises ...

SYSTEM FOR DIGITAL FABRICATION OF GRADED, HIERARCHICAL MATERIAL STRUCTURES

A system to fabricate hierarchical graded materials includes a reservoir to contain a material to be deposited, a print head connected to the reservoir to allow the print head to receive the material to be deposited, the print head having a mixing section, and an actuator connected to the print head, the actuator configured to actuate the print head in six axes of motion. 1. A system to fabricate hierarchical graded materials , comprising:a reservoir to contain a material to be deposited; anda print head connected to the reservoir by a conduit to allow the print head to receive the material to be deposited, the print head having a mixer to mix the material to be deposited with mixed fluid volume control no larger than a characteristic voxel size, wherein a voxel is a three-dimensional droplet of the material, and a fluid particle alignment section to receive the material from the mixer, the fluid particle alignment section to align fibers within the material to have arbitrary alignment relative to at least one nozzle, wherein the nozzle is connected to the fluid particle alignment section.2. The system of claim 1 , the print head further comprising a reactive binding section between the mixer and the fluid particle alignment section claim 1 , the reactive binding section to cause binding of particles within the materials to link together.3. The system of claim 2 , the reactive binding section further comprising a stimulus claim 2 , the stimulus applied to the material in the reactive binding section to cause the particles to link together.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the stimulus comprises one of a heater and a light source.5. (canceled)6. The system of claim 1 , the print head further comprising a flow focusing section to receive materials from the mixer and create coaxial low of the material.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the flow focusing section comprises a three-input flow section.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the mixing section comprises a low ...

Method for roll-to-roll production of flexible, stretchy objects with integrated thermoelectric modules, electronics and heat dissipation

A method of forming a flexible thermal regulation device having multiple functional layers. The layers of the device are formed using various manufacturing techniques and are then integrated to form a sheet having multiple devices disposed thereon. The individual devices are then formed from the sheet.

TRANSPARENT, COLORLESS, POROUS POLYMERS DERIVED FROM MULTIPHASIC POLYMER NETWORKS

A porous, polymer aerogel having a pore size distribution with a full-width at half maximum between 0.1 and 10 nanometers, a visible transmittance greater than 30%/3 mm, haze less than 70%/3 mm, and a color rendering index of at least 25. A method of forming a porous, polymer aerogel, includes producing a miscible formulation of at least one of monomers, oligomers, crosslinkers and prepolymers, polymerizing the miscible formulation to form a multiphasic gel, wherein phases are continuous and the multiphasic gel has at least one depolymerizable domain and at least one non-depolymerizable domain, and the at least one depolymerizable domain is chemically bonded to the at least one non-depolymerizable domain, and removing the depolymerizable domain or domains from the multiphasic gel to produce a porous aerogel with a color rendering index of at least 25. A method of forming a porous, polymer aerogel, including producing a miscible formulation of at least one monomer, oligomer or crosslinker, and a prepolymer having at least one reactive functional group, polymerizing the miscible formulation to form a multiphasic gel, wherein the prepolymer having at least one reactive functional group is chemically bonded to a polymer that results from the polymerization of the at least one monomer or oligomer, and phases are continuous and the multiphasic gel has at least one depolymerizable domain bonded to at least one non-depolymerizable domain, and placing the multiphasic gel in a depolymerization solution having a depolymerization solvent to chemically degrade the depolymerizable domain into smaller oligomers and monomers, removing the depolymerization solvent to produce a porous aerogel with a color rendering index of at least 25. 1. A porous , polymer aerogel having a pore size distribution with a full-width at half maximum between 0.1 and 10 nanometers , a visible transmittance greater than 30%/3 mm , haze less than 70%/3 mm , and a color rendering index of at least 25.2. The ...

NOVEL MATERIALS AND METHOD FOR JOINING FIBER REINFORCED PIPELINE

A method of joining fiberglass-reinforced composite pipes includes joining an inner tube of each pipe by fusion to form a fused bond, joining fiber reinforced polymer tubes of each pipe by depositing a silica glass particle epoxy directly on the fused bond and on bonded edges of the fiber reinforced polymer tubes as a composition to cover tube edges and the fused inner tube bond, and curing the composition. 1. A method of joining fiberglass-reinforced composite pipes , comprising:joining an inner tube of each pipe by fusion to form a fused bond;joining fiber reinforced polymer tubes of each pipe by depositing a silica glass particle epoxy directly on the fused bond and on bonded edges of the fiber reinforced polymer tubes as a composition to cover tube edges and the fused inner tube bond; andcuring the composition.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inner tube comprises a high-density polyethylene barrier layer.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein curing the composition comprises curing the composition to form a chemically linked silica particle network reinforced structural layer on the bond.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein curing the composition comprises heat curing the composition.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silica particles have a shape of one of spherical claim 1 , cylinder claim 1 , plate claim 1 , fiber or random.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the epoxy consists of amino functionalized silica particles dispersed into an amino functionalized hardener and mixed prior to bonding with a base epoxy.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the epoxy consists of epoxy functionalized silica particles dispersed into an epoxy base material and mixed prior to bonding with an amino hardener.8. The method of claim 1 , where a concentration of the functionalized silica particles ranges from 10% to 70% concentration.9. The method in claim 1 , wherein the silica glass particles have a maximum size in any one direction is in a range from 5 nm to about 5 microns10 ...

ENVIRONMENTAL SENSOR

A sensor has a transparent polymer aerogel, and sensing materials dispersed into the transparent, polymer aerogel, where the sensing materials change color in response to environmental conditions. A method of forming a sensor includes providing a substrate, forming a polymer aerogel layer on the substrate, and infusing the polymer aerogel layer with sensing molecules. 1. A sensor , comprising:a transparent polymer aerogel; andsensing materials dispersed into the transparent, polymer aerogel, where the sensing materials change color in response to environmental conditions.2. The sensor in wherein the environmental conditions comprise a presence of target chemical compounds.3. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the transparent claim 1 , polymer aerogel has a surface area higher than 100 meters squared per gram.4. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the transparent claim 1 , polymer aerogel has a surface area in the range of 600 to 1000 meters squared per gram.5. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the transparent claim 1 , polymer aerogel has a haze of 20 percent or lower.6. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the polymer aerogel has a light transmittance of 40 percent or higher in the wavelength range of relevance for the sensing material.7. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the transparent claim 1 , polymer aerogel has a porosity of 20 percent or higher.8. The sensor of claim 2 , wherein the transparent claim 2 , polymer aerogel has a response time of approximately 2 seconds for a target molecule to travel through a 1 millimeter thick layer of the aerogel.9. The sensor of claim 2 , wherein the sensor is capable of detecting a concentration of less than 100 ppm for a target molecule.10. The sensor of claim 2 , wherein the sensing materials comprises a mix of different types of sensing molecules claim 2 , where each type of sensing molecule responds predominantly to a different type of the target molecules.11. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensing material responds to the ...

INK COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF JETTING INK

A phase change ink composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a crystalline component including a diamide compound with an aromatic ring core; an amorphous component; and optionally a colorant. Methods of printing the phase change ink composition are also disclosed. 1. A phase change ink composition , comprising:a crystalline component comprising a diamide compound with an aromatic ring core;an amorphous component; andoptionally a colorant.4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein Rand Rare independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom claim 3 , ethyl claim 3 , n-propyl claim 3 , i-butyl or substituted or unsubstituted Cto C; alkyl groups claim 3 , where the optional substitutent can be an O claim 3 , N or S containing functional group.6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein Rand Rare independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom claim 5 , n-propyl claim 5 , i-propyl claim 5 , n-butyl claim 5 , allyl claim 5 , or substituted or unsubstituted Cto Calkyl groups claim 5 , where the optional substitutent can be an O claim 5 , N or S containing functional group.8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein R is a C-Calkyl group.9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous component is selected from the group consisting of di-DL-menthyl L-tartrate claim 1 , di-L-menthyl L-tartrate claim 1 , di-L-menthyl DL-tartrate claim 1 , di-DL-menthyl DL-tartrate claim 1 , or stereoisomers or mixtures thereof.10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the colorant is selected from the group consisting of a dye claim 1 , a pigment or mixtures thereof.11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline and amorphous components are blended in a crystalline to amorphous component weight ratio ranging from about 60:40 to about 95:5.12. A method comprising:providing an ink jet printing device including a phase change ink composition, the phase change ink composition being in solid form and comprising (a) a crystalline component ...

Phase Change Ink Composition

A phase change ink composition including an amorphous compound; a crystalline compound; an optional synergist; an optional dispersant; and a white colorant having a volume average particle size of from about 25 nanometers to less than 200 nanometers.

COMPOSITE PARTICLES WITH IMPERMEABLE PARTICLES AND WATER-ABSORBING POLYMER COATINGS

A composite particle includes a solid particle, and a coating directly on the solid particle, the coating comprising a water-absorbing material. A layer includes a plurality of composite particles in contact, wherein the composite particles are comprised of: a solid particle; and a coating directly on the solid particle, the coating comprising a water-absorbing material. A method of fabricating composite particles includes combining solid particles with at least one precursor, cross-linker, and radical initiator in a solution to cause polymerization and formation of a water-absorbing coating on the solid particles resulting in composite particles, removing the solution and any unreacted precursors, and drying the composite particles. A method of forming composite particles includes mixing solid particles with at least one adhesive and with premade water-absorbing super absorbent polymer particles, curing the adhesive to form a monolithic block of solid particles with water-absorbing polymer coatings, and grinding the block to obtain composite particles. 1. A composite particle , comprising:a solid particle; anda coating directly on the solid particle, the coating comprising a water-absorbing material.2. The composite particles as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the water-absorbing material is capable of absorbing at least 1.5 times a volume of the coating.3. The composite particle as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the solid particle is selected from the group consisting of: sand; quartz; fly ashes; lignin; silica; glass; minerals; carbon; soil components; cement particles; and inorganic construction materials.4. The composite particle as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the solid particle comprises a hydrophobic organic polymer.5. The composite particle as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the solid particle comprises a material selected from the group consisting of: polyethylene; polystyrene; polyamides; polyacrylates; polyethers; polyolefins; polyesters; polycarbonates; two- ...

Annealed metal nano-particle decorated nanotubes

Disclosed are methods and systems of providing carbon nanotubes decorated with polymer coated metal nanoparticles. Then, annealing the metal coated carbon nanotubes to reduce a quantity of hydrophilic components of the polymer coating.

FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE OXIDE CURABLE FORMULATIONS

A method of manufacturing a cured polymer resin using functionalized graphene oxide, includes mixing functionalized graphene oxide with a resin precursor and an optional solvent to produce a functionalized graphene solution wherein the particles contain functional groups nearly identical to, or identical to, a polymer precursor material, adding a curing initiator to the resin solution and mixing to produce a resin solution, depositing the formulation into a desired shape, and curing the formulation to form a polymer having functionalized graphene oxide groups in a base polymer material. A method of producing functionalized graphene oxide includes dispersing graphene oxide into a solvent to produce dispersed graphene oxide, mixing the dispersed graphene oxide with a reactive molecule containing at least one epoxy functional group and a secondary functional group that is selected from vinyl, acrylate, methacrylate and epoxy to form a solution, adding an activation agent, heating and stirring the solution, cooling the solution, separating the particles from solution, and drying the particles to produce functionalized graphene oxide. A composition of matter includes exfoliated, functionalized graphene oxide particles, a curing initiator, a polymer precursor material, wherein the particles contain functional groups nearly identical to, or identical to, a polymer precursor material. 1. A composition of matter , comprising:exfoliated, functionalized graphene oxide particles;a curing initiator; anda polymer precursor material;wherein the particles contain functional groups one of either nearly identical to, or identical to, a polymer precursor material.2. The composition of matter of claim 1 , wherein the functional groups comprise epoxy groups and the polymer precursor material comprises an epoxy material.3. The composition of matter of claim 2 , wherein the polymer precursor material comprises the epoxy material and an ionic liquid curing agent.4. The composition of ...

POROUS BIOLOGICALLY COMPATIBLE SCAFFOLD STRUCTURE

A three dimensional biological scaffold structure that includes a biologically compatible material that forms walls of multiple pores. The pores have a range of pore sizes including a pore size of less than 50 μm and a pore size of greater than 100 μm and also including pores having one or more intermediate pore sizes between 50 μm and 100 μm. The pores occupy more than 50% of a volume of the scaffold structure. 1. A three dimensional biological scaffold structure , comprising:a biologically compatible material;multiple pores, the biologically compatible material forming walls of the pores, the pores having a range of pore sizes, the range including a pore size of less than 50 μm and a pore size of greater than 100 μm and also including pores having one or more intermediate pore sizes between 50 μm and 100 μm, wherein the pores occupy more than 50% of a volume of the scaffold structure.2. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the pores occupy less than 90% of the volume of the scaffold structure.3. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the biologically compatible material comprises a thermoset material.4. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the biologically compatible material comprises an inorganic material.5. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the biologically compatible material comprises an organic material.6. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the biologically compatible material is a curable material.7. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the biologically compatible material comprises at least one of a radiation curable material claim 1 , a thermally curable material claim 1 , and a self-curable material.8. The structure of claim 1 , wherein a surface area per mass of the structure is greater than or equal to about 8 m/g.9. The structure of claim 1 , wherein a contact angle of water to the biologically compatible material is in a range of about 0 degrees to about 65 degrees.10. The structure of claim 1 , wherein an elastic modulus of the structure is at least 20 MPa ...

COMPOSITE MATERIALS COMPRISING CHEMICALLY LINKED FLUOROGRAPHITE-DERIVED NANOPARTICLES

A composition of matter includes a functionalized graphene derivative having at least one functional group bonded through a chemical linker to the graphene surface. A method includes reacting fluorographite with at least one reactant, wherein at least one reactant is one of either a di-functional or a multifunctional reactant, to produce a fluorographite derivative. 1. A composition of matter , comprising a functionalized graphene derivative having at least one functional group bonded through a chemical linker to the graphene surface.2. The composition of matter as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one functional group is selected from the group consisting of: amine; alkene; alkyne; aldehyde; ketone; epoxide; alcohol; thiol; alkyl halide; nitro; amide; ester; carboxylic acid; acyl halide; isocyanate; carbodiimide; poly(ethylene oxide); nitrile; quaternary ammonium; imidazolium; and sulfonate.3. The composition of matter as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising an amount of fluorine in the range of 0.01 to 10 wt % of the composition of matter.4. The composition of matter as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one functional group bonded through a chemical linker to the graphene surface has the capability to react and form chemical bonds during mixing and subsequent curing with one of either an uncured thermoset resin claim 1 , a partially cured thermoset resin claim 1 , or a curing agent that reacts with the thermoset resin during curing.5. A composite material claim 1 , comprising:a thermoset resin as a matrix; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the composition of matter as claimed in as a filler.'}6. The composite material as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the matrix is either in an uncured claim 5 , partially cured claim 5 , or fully cured state.7. The composite material as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the at least one functional group bonded through a chemical linker to the graphene surface can undergo a chemical reaction with at ...

HIGH OPTICAL TRANSPARENCY POLYMER AEROGELS USING LOW REFRACTIVE INDEX MONOMERS

A polymer aerogel has polymerizable monomers and crosslinkers, wherein at least one of the monomers or at least one of the crosslinkers has a refractive index of less than 1.5, and the polymer aerogel has a visible transmittance of at least 20%/3 mm, a haze of 50%/3 mm or lower, and a porosity of at least 10%. A method of producing an aerogel includes dissolving precursors into a solvent, wherein the precursors include monomers, crosslinkers, a controlling agent and an initiator to form a precursor solution, wherein at least one of the monomers or at least one of the crosslinkers has a refractive index of 1.5 or lower, polymerizing the precursor solution to form a gel polymer, and removing the solvent from the gel polymer to produce an aerogel polymer. 1. A polymer aerogel comprising polymerizable monomers and crosslinkers , wherein at least one of the monomers or at least one of the crosslinkers has a refractive index of less than 1.5 , and the polymer aerogel has a visible transmittance of at least 20%/3 mm , a haze of 50%/3 mm or lower , and a porosity of at least 10%.2. The polymer aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of the monomers or the at least one of the crosslinkers has a refractive index of less than 1.4.3. The polymer aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the polymer aerogel has a porosity of at least 40% claim 1 , haze of 30%/3 mm or lower claim 1 , and a specific surface area of at least 500 m/g.4. The polymer aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the polymer aerogel has a haze below 6%/3 mm claim 1 , a specific surface area above 300 m/g claim 1 , a porosity above 20% claim 1 , average pore size below 10 nm claim 1 , and pore size distribution with full width at half maximum below 10 nm.5. The polymer aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the polymer aerogel has a degradation onset temperature above 250° C.6. The polymer aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the polymer aerogel has thermal conductivity below 0.1 W/mK.7. A method of producing an aerogel claim 1 , comprising: ...

FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC ENHANCED BY FUNCTIONALIZED PARTICLE

A composition of matter has a fiber structure impregnated with a polymer, the polymer having dispersed functionalized particles chemically bonded to the polymer, wherein the functionalized particles contain one of either groups same as a precursor of the polymer, or groups reactive with a precursor. A composition of matter has a fiber structure impregnated with cured epoxy resin having dispersed functionalized particles chemically bonded to the cured epoxy, wherein the functionalized particles contain one of either groups same as the epoxy resin, or groups reactive with the epoxy resin. 1. A composition of matter , comprising a fiber structure impregnated with a polymer , the polymer having dispersed functionalized particles chemically bonded to the polymer , wherein the functionalized particles contain one of either groups same as a precursor of the polymer , or groups reactive with a precursor.2. The composition of matter as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polymer has at least 10 wt % of functionalized particles.3. The composition of matter as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the functionalized particles enable at least a 30% improvement in thermal conductivity when compared to a composition of matter comprising a fiber structure with a polymer without dispersed functionalized particles.4. The composition of matter as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the functionalized particles enable at least a 15% improvement on the tensile strength when compared to a composition of matter comprising a fiber structure with a polymer without dispersed functionalized particles.5. The composition of matter as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the functionalized particle enables at least a 15% improvement on the shear strength claim 2 , elastic modulus claim 2 , compressive strength claim 2 , and compressive modulus when compared to a composition of matter comprising a fiber structure with a polymer without dispersed functionalized particles.6. The composition of matter as claimed in claim 2 , ...

PRINTED SENSOR WITH VIBRANT COLORIMETRIC PARTICLES

A colorimetric sensor has a first material deposited on a surface, and sensing particles on a surface of the first material, wherein the sensing particles comprise sensing species dispersed into porous host structures, such that at least a portion of the sensing particles is exposed to an ambient environment, wherein the first material attaches the sensing particles to surface. A method of forming a colorimetric sensor including depositing a first material onto a substrate, providing porous sensing particles, wherein the sensing particles comprise sensing species dispersed into a porous host structure, and embedding the porous sensing particles onto a surface of the deposited first material, wherein the first material attaches the sensing particles to the substrate such that at least a portion of the sensing particles is exposed to an ambient environment. 1. A colorimetric sensor , comprising:a first material deposited on a surface; andsensing particles on a surface of the first material, wherein the sensing particles comprise sensing species dispersed into porous host structures, such that at least a portion of the sensing particles is exposed to an ambient environment,wherein the first material attaches the sensing particles to surface.2. The colorimetric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the first material is transparent.3. The colorimetric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the first material is formed of a curable ink.4. The colorimetric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the porous host structures have a specific surface area of at least 100 m/g.5. The colorimetric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the porous host structures are one of either a polymeric material claim 1 , a metal oxide claim 1 , or a ceramic material6. The colorimetric sensor of claim 1 , wherein a color of the sensing particles changes in the presence of an analyte claim 1 , wherein the color change occurs in the wavelength range of 200-4000 nm.7. The colorimetric sensor of claim 1 , wherein a color of the sensing ...

ANNEALED METAL NANO-PARTICLE DECORATED NANOTUBES

Disclosed are methods and systems of providing carbon nanotubes decorated with polymer coated metal nanoparticles. Then, annealing the metal coated carbon nanotubes to reduce a quantity of hydrophilic components of the polymer coating. 1. A composition of matter comprising:a first set of carbon nanotubes decorated with polymer coated metal nanoparticles,a first amount of oxygenated functional groups achieved based on an annealing process, wherein the first amount is lower than a second amount of oxygenated functional groups of a second set of carbon nanotubes decorated with polymer coated metal nanoparticles that has not been annealed with the annealing process; anda first water contact angle achieved based on the annealing process, wherein the first water contact angle is higher than a second water contact angle of the second set of carbon nanotubes.2. The composition of matter of claim 1 , wherein the metal nanoparticles comprise a metal selected from a group consisting of palladium claim 1 , iridium claim 1 , rhodium claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , copper claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , ruthenium claim 1 , silver and gold.3. The composition of matter of claim 2 , wherein the metal nanoparticles are produced by using a mixture of two or more salts of two or more metal ion salts claim 2 , wherein ions in the two or more metal ion salts are in a group comprising palladium claim 2 , iridium claim 2 , rhodium claim 2 , platinum claim 2 , copper claim 2 , nickel claim 2 , chromium claim 2 , ruthenium claim 2 , silver and gold ions.4. The composition of matter of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes comprise single-walled carbon nanotubes.5. The composition of matter of claim 1 , wherein the polymer coated metal nanoparticles comprises a polymer layer.6. The composition of matter of claim 5 , wherein the polymer layer comprises polyvinylpyrrolidone claim 5 , and wherein the metal nanoparticles comprise palladium or platinum.7. The composition of matter of ...

SILVER FLAKE CONDUCTIVE PASTE INK WITH NICKEL PARTICLES

A silver flake conductive paste ink includes a silver flake conductive material; non-compressible, conductive particles having a rough morphology; a binder; and a solvent. The conductive paste ink is suitable for screen printing with lower cost and improved conductivity and lower resistivity as compared with conventional conductive inks. 1. A silver flake conductive paste ink , comprising:a silver flake conductive material;non-compressible, conductive particles having a rough morphology;a binder; anda solvent.2. The conductive paste ink according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive particles comprise nickel particles.3. The conductive paste ink according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive particles have a spike-like morphology.4. The conductive paste ink according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive particles have a shape selected from the group consisting of a spike shape claim 1 , a needle shape claim 1 , a rice shape claim 1 , a stick shape claim 1 , a butterfly shape claim 1 , and a bow tie shape.5. The conductive paste ink according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive particles have an average particle size from about 0.05 to about 10 microns.6. The conductive paste ink according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive particles are present in an amount from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of the paste ink.7. A silver conductive paste ink comprising:a silver conductive material;nickel particles;a binder; anda solvent.8. The conductive paste ink according to claim 7 , wherein the silver conductive material comprises silver flakes.9. The conductive paste ink according to claim 7 , wherein the silver conductive material has an average particle size of from about 0.5 to about 15 microns.10. The conductive paste ink according to claim 7 , wherein the silver conductive material includes particles having an aspect ratio of at least about 30 to 1.11. The conductive paste ink according to claim 7 , wherein the silver conductive material comprises an amount of from ...

RECYCLABLE ENHANCED PERFORMANCE CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMERS

A method of recycling fiber reinforced polymers includes grinding used fiber reinforced polymers material to produce ground particles, functionalizing the ground particles to produce functionalized particles, dispersing the functionalized particles into a base resin, dispensing the resin with functionalized particles into one or more layers of continuous fiber mats, molding the resin with functionalized particles and the continuous fiber mats into a form of a desired part, and curing the form to produce the part. The used fiber reinforced polymer materials may be carbon fiber reinforced polymers or glass fiber reinforced polymer materials. 1. A method of recycling fiber reinforced polymers , comprising:grinding used fiber reinforced polymer material to produce ground particles;functionalizing the ground particles to produce functionalized particles;dispersing the functionalized particles into a base resin;dispensing the resin with functionalized particles into one or more layers of continuous fiber mats;molding the resin with functionalized particles and the continuous fiber mats into a form of a desired part; andcuring the form to produce the part.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein grinding the used fiber reinforced polymer material comprises grinding at least one material from the group consisting of: ground fiber composite particles including at least one of continuous claim 1 , discontinuous claim 1 , and powder fiber; polymer fiber reinforced particles; carbon fiber reinforced polymers; carbon composite particles; Kevlar; ceramic fiber composite particles; and glass fiber reinforced particles.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the continuous fiber mats is selected from the group consisting of: continuous carbon fiber; glass fiber; silicon carbide claim 1 , aluminum oxide claim 1 , and Kevlar fiber mats.4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein functionalizing the ground particles comprises functionalizing the ground particles with ...

COATING TO COOL A SURFACE BY PASSIVE RADIATIVE COOLING

Disclosed herein are implementations of a radiative cooling formulation, an apparatus including a substrate coated with the radiative cooling formulation, and a method of applying a coating of the radiative cooling formulation to an object. In one implementation, a radiative cooling formulation includes a binder which includes a first polymer and a second polymer that are practically water insoluble and are substantially non-absorbing to light having wavelengths in a solar spectrum. The radiative cooling formulation further includes a solar reflector material embedded in the binder. 1. A radiative cooling formulation comprising:a binder comprising a plurality of polymers comprising a first polymer and a second polymer that are practically water insoluble and are substantially non-absorbing to light having wavelengths in a solar spectrum, wherein the first polymer has a first emissivity peak value greater than 0.85 at a first wavelength between 4 and 35 micrometers (μm) and the second polymer has a second emissivity peak value greater than 0.85 at a second wavelength between 4 and 35 μm, the first emissivity peak value and the second emissivity peak value are substantially non-overlapping, and a net emissivity of the first polymer and the second polymer is greater than at least one of first emissivity of the first polymer or second emissivity of the second polymer; anda solar reflector material embedded in the binder.2. The radiative cooling formulation of further comprising a solvent selected from the group consisting of water claim 1 , ethyl alcohol claim 1 , Butyl Carbitol™ claim 1 , Carbitol™ dimethylformamide claim 1 , xylene claim 1 , toluene claim 1 , mineral spirits claim 1 , a mixture of aliphatic carbons claim 1 , methylethyl ketone claim 1 , methyl isobutyl ketone claim 1 , butyl acetate claim 1 , and 1-methoxy-2-propylacetate.3. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of polymers has a corresponding emissivity peak ...

AQUEOUS INK JET BLANKET

Described herein is a transfer member for use in aqueous ink jet printer. The transfer member includes a surface layer of a cross-linked polydiphenylsiloxane network formed from a silanol terminated dialkylsiloxane-diphenylsiloxane copolymer and a trialkoxy- or trihydroxysilane terminated polydialkylsiloxane. The diphenylsiloxane moieties are from about 5 weight percent to about 80 weight percent of the network. The trialkoxy- or trihydroxysilane terminated polydialkylsiloxane are from about 1 weight percent to about 60 weight percent of the network. All silane molecules are bonded together via silicon oxide (Si—O—Si) linkages in a single system. The network is insoluble in solvents selected from the group consisting of: ketones, chlorinated solvents and ethers. 1. A transfer member for use in aqueous ink jet printer , comprising:a surface layer of a cross-linked polydiphenylsiloxane network formed from:a silanol terminated dialkylsiloxane-diphenylsiloxane copolymer; anda trialkoxy- or trihydroxysilane terminated polydialkylsiloxane;wherein diphenylsiloxane moieties comprise from about 5 weight percent to about 80 weight percent of the network, wherein the a trialkoxy- or trihydroxysilane terminated polydialkylsiloxane comprises from about 1 weight percent to about 60 weight percent of the network and all silane molecules are bonded together via silicon oxide (Si—O—Si) linkages in a single system and wherein the network is insoluble in solvents selected from the group consisting of: ketones, chlorinated solvents and ethers.2. The transfer member of claim 1 , wherein the network further comprises a polydialkoxysilane.3. The transfer member of claim 2 , wherein the polydialkoxysilane comprises from about 0.1 weight percent to about 20 weight percent of the network.7. The transfer member of claim 1 , wherein the network further comprises from about 0.1 weight percent to about 5 weight percent of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of: titanate catalysts claim ...

INK COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF DETERMINING A DEGREE OF CURING OF THE INK COMPOSITION

A silver paste ink composition comprises a plurality of first particles comprising silver; a polymer binder; a carrier solvent; and a plurality of second particles comprising silver. The second particles are nanoparticles that are different than the first silver particles, the amount of second particles in the ink composition being sufficient to impart a first color to the uncured ink composition, the first color being different than the color of the same ink composition without the nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles have a property of causing a change in the color of the ink composition when the ink composition is cured. 1. A silver paste ink composition , comprising:a plurality of first particles comprising silver;a polymer binder;a carrier solvent; anda plurality of second particles comprising silver, the second particles being nanoparticles that are different than the first silver particles, the amount of second particles in the ink composition being sufficient to impart a first color to the uncured ink composition, the first color being different than the color of the same ink composition without the nanoparticles, wherein the silver nanoparticles have a property of causing a change in the color of the ink composition when the ink composition is cured.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles have an average diameter ranging from about 3 nanometers to about 50 nanometers.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the silver nanoparticles have a property of causing a change in the color of the ink composition when the ink composition is cured.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the uncured ink composition without the nanoparticles would be a color having a first lightness claim 1 , Lthe nanoparticles impart a color having a second lightness claim 1 , L claim 1 , to the uncured ink composition; and wherein if the ink composition were cured it would have a third lightness claim 1 , L claim 1 , where L claim 1 , Land Lare lightness values as ...

Alizarin-Based Polymer Colorants

A polymer colorant including polymer monomer units, and at least one alizarin unit which is incorporated into the polymer and which provides color to the polymer colorant and a process for preparing the polymer colorant. An article or composition containing the polymer colorant. A toner including the polymer colorant, and optionally, one or more ingredients selected from the group consisting of crystalline polyester resins, amorphous polyester resins, colorants, waxes, coagulants, mordants, and mixtures and combinations thereof. A polymer latex including an aqueous dispersion of polymer colorant, wherein the polymer colorant comprises polymer monomer units and at least one alizarin unit which is incorporated into the polymer and which provides color to the polymer colorant; and optionally, a mordant. 1. A polymer colorant comprising:polymer monomer units; andat least one alizarin unit which is incorporated into the polymer and which provides color to the polymer colorant.2. The polymer colorant of claim 1 , wherein the polymer monomer units are selected from the group consisting of polyester monomer units claim 1 , polyamide monomer units claim 1 , polyurethane monomer units claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The polymer colorant of claim 1 , wherein the polymer monomer units are bio-based claim 1 , wherein the alizarin is bio-renewable claim 1 , or wherein both the polymer monomer units are bio-based and the alizarin is bio-renewable.4. The polymer colorant of claim 1 , wherein the polymer monomer units provide an amorphous polyester claim 1 , a crystalline polyester claim 1 , or a combination thereof.5. The polymer colorant of claim 1 , wherein polymer is a bio-based claim 1 , branched polyester resin comprising (i) the condensation product of (a) a hydroxyl donor; (b) a cyclic polyhydroxyl acceptor; and (c) an optional catalyst claim 1 , and (ii) a polyacid claim 1 , wherein said bio-based claim 1 , branched polyester resin is greater than about 90% bio-based. ...

PROCESS AND CATALYST FOR HIGH THROUGHPUT ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS

A catalyst having a porous support having at least one of thermally or electrically conductive particles bonded by a polymer, and enzymes embedded into pores of the porous support. A process of manufacturing an enzyme-embedded porous support includes forming solution of monomers, enzymes, a solvent, and at least one of electrically and thermally conductive particles, polymerizing the monomers by adding initiators to the solution, and evaporating the solvent to produce an enzyme-embedded porous support. A process of manufacturing an enzyme embedded porous support, includes mixing enzymes, at least one of electrically conductive or thermally conductive particles, and a polymer in a solvent, and evaporating the solvent. 1. A catalyst , comprising:a porous support including at least one of thermally or electrically conductive particles bonded by a polymer; andenzymes embedded into pores of the porous support to produce embedded enzymes; andwherein a lifetime of the embedded enzyme is longer than a lifetime of the free enzyme in the same conditions.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the particles comprise thermally conductive particles at least one selected from the group consisting of: aluminum oxide claim 1 , silicon carbide claim 1 , aluminum nitride claim 1 , boron arsenide claim 1 , carbon nanotubes claim 1 , graphene claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , and carbon nanoparticles.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the particles comprise electrically conductive particles at least one selected from the group consisting of: carbon nanoparticles claim 1 , graphene claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , carbon nanotubes claim 1 , carbon black claim 1 , silver and copper particles or flakes.4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the particles have a size in a range of 1 nanometer to 500 nanometers.5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst forms an electrode in an electrochemical cell.6. The catalyst of claim 5 , wherein a volume fraction occupied by the enzyme in the catalyst is ...

WETTING ENHANCEMENT COATING ON INTERMEDIATE TRANSFER MEMBER (ITM) FOR AQUEOUS INKJET INTERMEDIATE TRANSFER ARCHITECTURE

Described herein is a method and apparatus for ink jet printing. The method includes providing a wetting enhancement coating on a transfer member. The wetting enhancement coating (WEC) includes water, an acid treated, waxy maize cationic starch, a humectant and a surfactant. The wetting enhancement coating is dried or semi-dried to form a film. Ink droplets are ejected onto the film to form an ink image on the film. The ink image is dried and the ink image and film are transferred to a recording medium. 1. A method for transfix ink jet printing comprising:coating a wetting enhancement coating on a transfer member, wherein the wetting enhancement coating comprises; water, a cationic starch, a humectant and a surfactant;drying the wetting enhancement coating to form a film having a thickness of from about 0.05 microns to about 5 microns;ejecting ink droplets to form an inkjet image on the film; andtransferring the inkjet image and the film onto a recording medium.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cationic starch comprises more than 90 weight percent amylopectin having a positive charged moiety substituted for a hydroxyl group in the amylopectin.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the nitrogen level in the positive charged moiety substituted cationic starch is from about 0.1 percent to about 0.6 percent.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein a weight percent of the cationic starch in the wetting enhancement coating is from about 1 weight percent to about 10 weight percent.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the humectant in wetting enhancement coating is selected from the group consisting of glycerol claim 1 , sorbitol claim 1 , glycols and mixtures thereof.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein a weight percent of the humectant in the wetting enhancement coating is from about 1 weight percent to about 8 weight percent.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein a weight percent of the wetting enhancement coating further comprises a biocide in an amount of from about 0.1 weight ...

TRANSFIX SURFACE MEMBER COATING

A transfix surface member for use in aqueous ink jet printer comprises a substrate. A conformance layer is disposed on the substrate layer. A surface layer comprising a siloxane polymer network is on the conformance layer. The siloxane polymer network comprises a plurality of diphenylsiloxane moieties and a plurality of polar moieties, the diphenylsiloxane moieties and polar moieties being bonded to the siloxane polymer network by one or more siloxane linkages. An indirect printing apparatus employing the transfix surface member is also disclosed. 1. A transfix surface member for use in an aqueous ink jet printer , comprising:a substrate;a conformance layer disposed on the substrate layer; anda surface layer comprising a siloxane polymer network on the conformance layer, the siloxane polymer network comprising a plurality of diphenylsiloxane moieties and a plurality of polar moieties, the diphenylsiloxane moieties and polar moieties being bonded to the siloxane polymer network by one or more siloxane linkages.2. The transfix surface member of claim 1 , wherein the diphenylsiloxane moiety is in an amount ranging from about 10% to about 50% by weight relative to the total weight of the polymer network.3. The transfix surface member of claim 1 , wherein the siloxane polymer network is made by combining one or more polar compounds and a dialkylsiloxane-diphenylsiloxane copolymer to form a coating composition.5. The transfix surface member of claim 4 , wherein the siloxane polymer network composition comprises at least one polar moiety formed from a compound of formula I and at least one polar moiety formed from a compound of formula II.6. The transfix surface member of claim 4 , wherein L claim 4 , Land Lare independently selected Cto Calkyl bridge groups.8. The transfix surface member of claim 3 , wherein the siloxane polymer network further comprises a plurality of non-polar moieties formed by combining one or more non-polar compounds with the coating composition.10. ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ADJUSTING CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION IN INDOOR ATMOSPHERES

An electrochemical device suited to modifying a carbon dioxide concentration in an interior space includes a cathode chamber with an inlet which receives a feed gas containing carbon dioxide. A reduction catalyst layer in the cathode chamber reduces carbon dioxide in the gas to form an ionic carrier species. An anode chamber with an outlet outputs a gas comprising carbon dioxide. A solid electrolyte membrane spaces the anode chamber from the cathode chamber and transports the ionic carrier species between the cathode chamber and the anode chamber. The membrane includes an ionic liquid. An oxidation catalyst layer in the anode chamber oxidizes the ionic carrier species to form carbon dioxide. A voltage source provides a voltage difference across the membrane. 1. An electrochemical device comprising:a cathode chamber including an inlet which receives a feed gas comprising carbon dioxide;a reduction catalyst layer in the cathode chamber which reduces carbon dioxide in the gas to form an ionic carrier species;an anode chamber with an outlet which outputs a gas comprising carbon dioxide;an electrolyte membrane which spaces the anode chamber from the cathode chamber, the membrane comprising an ionic liquid, the membrane transporting the ionic carrier species between the cathode chamber and the anode chamber;an oxidation catalyst layer in the anode chamber which oxidizes the ionic carrier species to form carbon dioxide; andan energy source, electrically connected with at least one of the reduction catalyst layer and the oxidation catalyst layer, provides energy for the reduction and oxidation.2. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the ionic carrier species is selected from the group consisting of peroxydicarbonate anions claim 1 , formate anions claim 1 , oxalate anions claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid membrane is a polyelectrolyte derived by polymerization of a monomer with a polymerizable group ...

MECHANICALLY ROBUST LINKED PARTICLE NETWORKS

A method of forming lightweight structures from particle networks includes functionalizing edges of particles of an anisotropic material, exfoliating of the particles to form sheets of the material, aligning the sheets of material to form a network of multi-layered and aligned particles, and forming a structure out of the network of particles. One example uses graphite powder mixed into 4-aminobenzoic acid for edge functionalization, and exfoliation occurs with sonication in a solvent. The resulting particles undergo alignment with an aligning nozzle that also dispenses the aligned particles to form a structure. 1. A method , comprising:functionalizing edges of particles of an anisotropic material;exfoliating the particles to form sheets of the material;aligning the sheets of material to form a network of multi-layered and aligned particles; andforming a structure out of the network of particles.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anisotropic material comprises graphene.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the functionalized graphene edge is created by condensation of 4-aminobenzoic acid with graphite powder to produce amino-functionalized graphene particles.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the amino-functionalized graphene particles are coupled with a reactive acrylate to produce vinyl edge functionalized graphene particles.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein exfoliating the particles comprising sonication of the particles in a solvent.6. The method in wherein the solvent is selected form a group consisting of N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone claim 5 , N claim 5 ,N-dimethylacetamide claim 5 , dimethylformamide and dimethyl methylphosphonate.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein aligning the sheets comprises aligning the particles inside a nozzle of a dispensing device.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the aligning the sheets further comprises applying an external excitation to the particles upon exit of the nozzle for the creation of permanent chemical linkages between the ...

COATING TO COOL A SURFACE BY PASSIVE RADIATIVE COOLING

Disclosed herein in is a radiative cooling formulation comprising a first component with >55% reflectance in a wavelengths range of 0.3 to 2.5 microns, a second component with >0.85 peak thermal emissivity in a window range of 4 to 35 microns, and a third component to mechanically bind together a mixture of the first and second components. 1. An apparatus comprising: a first component with >55% reflectance in a wavelengths range of 0.3 to 2.5 microns;', 'a second component with >0.85 peak thermal emissivity in a window range of 4 to 35 microns; and', 'a third component to mechanically bind together a mixture of the first and second components., 'a radiative cooling formulation comprising2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the radiative cooling formulation further comprises:a fourth component to protect the first and second components from at least one of physical damage or degraded properties.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein two or more of the first claim 1 , second and third components comprise a same material.4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the second component and the fourth component are the same component.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first component comprises one or more of the following materials: Teflon PTFE claim 1 , barium sulfate claim 1 , zinc oxides claim 1 , aluminum oxides claim 1 , magnesium oxides claim 1 , TiO.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second component comprises one or more of the following materials: materials with carbon-carbon bonding claim 1 , PTFE claim 1 , PFA claim 1 , FEP claim 1 , ETFE claim 1 , THV claim 1 , Tefzel™ claim 1 , ethyl cellulose claim 1 , poly ethyl methacrylate PEMA claim 1 , poly methyl methacrylate PMMA claim 1 , polyvincyl butyrol PVB claim 1 , cellulose acetate claim 1 , polyethylene claim 1 , polypropylene claim 1 , polyethylene terephthalate PET claim 1 , polyethylene naphthalate PEN claim 1 , polyesters claim 1 , and polycarbonate.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ...