OPERATING METHOD OF WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK STATION

A method of operating a wireless local area network (WLAN) station. The WLAN station receives at least one desired signal and at least one interference signal from an access point (AP) capable of simultaneously transmitting desired signals to multiple WLAN stations. The method includes estimating a channel and generating a channel matrix estimated based on the estimated channel, separating a channel matrix of the desired signal and a channel matrix of the interference signal from the estimated channel matrix, generating the matrix of a virtual channel by combining the separated channel matrixes, and executing a sphere decoding (SD) algorithm using the matrix of the virtual channel. 1. An operating method of a wireless local area network (WLAN) station configured to receive a desired signal and at least one interference signal through each of at least two station antennas from an access point (AP) including at least two AP antennas and supporting down-link (DL) multiple user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) , the method comprising:estimating a channel and generating an estimated channel matrix based on the estimated channel;separating a channel matrix of the desired signal and a channel matrix of the interference signal from the estimated channel matrix;detecting the desired signal using the separated channel matrix of the desired signal;detecting the interference signal using the separated channel matrix of the interference signal;creating a precoding matrix using channel state information (CSI);multiplying, wherein the multiplying is performed by the AP, the precoding matrix by a stream signal; andtransmitting, wherein the AP performs the transmitting, the multiplication result to the WLAN station through at least one of the AP antennas.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:calculating Norm values of channel column vectors with respect to the channel matrix of the interference signal;extracting N channel column vectors in a descending ...

Vaporizer and thin film deposition apparatus including the same

A vaporizer includes a main body including a first body and a second body. The first body has an upper portion narrowing in a direction of a height of the first body and the second body has a cavity in which the first body is positioned. A mixing chamber is between the first and second bodies. The second body includes a carrier gas injection path connected to a carrier gas inlet formed in an upper portion of the mixing chamber. The carrier gas injection path carries a carrier gas. A source material injection path is connected to a source material inlet formed in the mixing chamber. The source material injection path carries a liquid source material. A discharge is connected to an outlet formed in a lower portion of the mixing chamber. A mixed fluid including the carrier gas and the liquid source material is discharged through the discharge path.

Method for fabricating semiconductor device and device using same

In a method for fabricating a semiconductor device, a substrate may be provided that includes: a base, an active fin that projects from an upper surface of the base and is integrally formed with the base, and a buffer oxide film pattern formed on the active fin in contact with the active fin. A first dummy gate film may be formed on the substrate to cover the buffer oxide film pattern and the first dummy gate film may be smoothed to expose the buffer oxide film pattern. A second dummy gate film may be formed on the exposed buffer oxide film pattern and the first dummy gate film.

Method for measuring real-time image complexity

A method for measuring an real-time image complexity of an image processed for each macroblock based on a frame includes: identifying a state of a preset value among header bits of information processed for each macroblock in a preceding frame; identifying a state of the preset value among header bits of information processed for each macroblock up to a preceding frame; and detecting image complexity of a current frame through comparison of the identified states.

Base pad polishing pad and multi-layer pad comprising the same

Disclosed is a base pad of polishing pad, which is used in conjunction with polishing slurry during a chemical-mechanical polishing or planarizing process, and a multilayer pad using the same. Since the base pad according to the present invention does not have fine pores, it is possible to prevent permeation of polishing slurry and water and to avoid non uniformity of physical properties. Thereby, it is possible to lengthen the lifetime of the polishing pad.

Method of detecting scene conversion for controlling video encoding data rate

A method of detecting scene conversion in real time for controlling a video encoding data rate, includes: estimating PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) of a current frame by using error information between the current frame and the previous frame(a reference frame); determining whether the estimated PSNR escapes a predetermined reference value; and considering that the scene conversion is performed in the current frame when the estimated PSNR escapes the predetermined reference value.

Method and apparatus for soft-decision detection in 2×2 MIMO system

A method for detecting soft-decisions in a 2×2 MIMO system includes detecting all candidate symbol vector sets S in which there exist all values of a real part and an imaginary part, and calculating a log-likelihood ratio (LLR) with respect to the candidate symbol vector sets S from LLR ⁡ ( b k i ) = min s S ⋂ i , k - ⁢ ED ⁡ ( s ) 2 ⁢ n 2 - min s S ⋂ i , k + ⁢ ED ⁡ ( s ) 2 ⁢ n 2 .

Base Pad Polishing Pad and Multi-Layer Pad Comprising the Same

Disclosed is a base pad of polishing pad, which is used in conjunction with polishing slurry during a chemical-mechanical polishing or planarizing process, and a multilayer pad using the same. Since the base pad according to the present invention does not have fine pores, it is possible to prevent premeation of polishing slurry and water and to avoid nonuniformity of physical properties. Thereby, it is possible to lengthen the lifetime of the polishing pad.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETECTING SIGNAL IN A SPATIAL MULTIPLEXING MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

A Spatial Multiplexing Multiple Input Multiple Output (SM-MIMO) communication system, which generates a Q matrix and an R matrix through QR decomposing a channel matrix in an array order corresponding to an order of transmission antennas of a signal transmission device, determines a detection order of transmission symbols included in a transmission symbol vector, QR decomposes a reception signal vector and generates the QR decomposed reception signal vector as a transformed reception signal vector, substitutes all of transmittable candidate symbols for a transmission symbol corresponding to a first detection order among the transmission symbols and sequentially removes interference in the transformed reception signal vector, detects candidate symbols of transmission symbols corresponding to a remaining detection order from the interference-removed transformed reception signal vector, combines the detected candidate symbols, detects candidate symbol vectors, and calculates Log-Likelihood ...

Processing device for a pseudo inverse matrix and V-BLAST system

Disclosed is a V-BLAST system for a MIMO communication system. In the V-BLAST system for a MIMO communication system, a pseudo inverse matrix calculator receives a channel transfer function matrix including channel information and produces a cofactor matrix and a determinant for a pseudo inverse matrix. A norm & minimum calculator calculates a minimum index for the cofactor matrix outputted from the pseudo inverse matrix calculator, a weight vector selector selects a row vector having the minimum index and calculates a transposed matrix for the row vector; an adder adds the transposed matrix to a received input symbol, and a subtractor subtracts the determinant to the output. A demapper performs a determined function operation to the output and produces estimated information.

Methods of manufacturing a semiconductor device

Methods of manufacturing a semiconductor device include forming integrated structures of polysilicon patterns and hard mask patterns on a substrate divided into at least an NMOS forming region and a PMOS forming region. A first preliminary insulating interlayer is formed on the integrated structures. A first polishing of the first preliminary insulating interlayer is performed until at least one upper surface of the hard mask patterns is exposed, to form a second preliminary insulating interlayer. The second preliminary insulating interlayer is etched until the upper surfaces of the hard mask patterns are exposed, to form a third preliminary insulating interlayer. A second polishing of the hard mask patterns and the third preliminary insulating interlayer is performed until the polysilicon patterns are exposed to form an insulating interlayer. The polysilicon patterns are removed to form an opening. A metal material is deposed to form a gate electrode pattern in the opening.

Methods of manufacturing a semiconductor device

A method includes forming a plurality of dummy gate structures on a substrate, each dummy gate structure including a dummy gate electrode and a dummy gate mask, forming a first insulation layer on the substrate and the dummy gate structures to fill a first space between the dummy gate structures, planarizing upper portions of the first insulation layer and the dummy gate structures, removing the remaining first insulation layer to expose a portion of the substrate, forming an etch stop layer on the remaining dummy gate structures and the exposed portion of the substrate, forming a second insulation layer on the etch stop layer to fill a second space between the dummy gate structures, planarizing upper portions of the second insulation layer and the etch stop layer to expose the dummy gate electrodes, removing the exposed dummy gate electrodes to form trenches, and forming metal gate electrodes in the trenches.

METHOD FOR FABRICATING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE AND DEVICE USING SAME

In a method for fabricating a semiconductor device, a substrate may be provided that includes: a base, an active fin that projects from an upper surface of the base and is integrally formed with the base, and a buffer oxide film pattern formed on the active fin in contact with the active fin. A first dummy gate film may be formed on the substrate to cover the buffer oxide film pattern and the first dummy gate film may be smoothed to expose the buffer oxide film pattern. A second dummy gate film may be formed on the exposed buffer oxide film pattern and the first dummy gate film.

Ballpoint pen

Symbol combining method for reducing the number of FIFO registers of finger, rake receiver and method for driving the rake receiver

A symbol combining method in a Rake receiver, which relates to a method for combining the demodulated multi-path signals in a demodulation process of a code division multiple access communication system. The symbol combining method, a Rake receiver using the symbol combining method and a method for driving the Rake receiver, remarkably reduce a hardware complexity of a FIFO register used to regulate a timing synchronization of each finger in Rake receiver by using a new algorithm in a combining process when a CDMA communication system combines a plurality of multi-path signals therebetween. Whereas a conventional combining algorithm uses an individual FIFO register every finger so as to adjust a timing synchronization of each symbol before combining a demodulated symbol, the inventive combining algorithm performs a symbol combining operation as well as a timing synchronization of a symbol at the same time, and performs a combining action by using only one FIFO register irrespective of the number of fingers.

CLOTHES DRYER

Disclosed is a clothes dryer, comprising: a body; a drum rotatably installed at the body; a duct for guiding air exhausted from the drum; and a filter assembly for filtering lint included in the air exhausted from the drum. The filter assembly includes a lint filter and a cover filter, and a lint collector encompassed by the lint filter and the cover filter. The clothes dryer includes sensing means for sensing whether the lint filter has been mounted to a precise position or not. The sensing means consists of a magnet mounted to a mesh frame of the lint filter, and a reed switch mounted to a cover guide.

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME

Provided are a semiconductor device and a method of fabricating the same. The semiconductor device may include a substrate, a device isolation layer defining one or more active regions at the substrate, and one or more gate lines buried in the substrate. Each of the gate lines comprises a first portion on the device isolation layer and a second portion on an active region of the active regions. A top surface of the first portion is lower than a top surface of the second portion. 1. A semiconductor device , comprising:a substrate;a device isolation layer defining one or more active regions at the substrate; and a first portion on the device isolation layer; and', 'a second portion on an active region of the active regions, and, 'one or more gate lines buried in the substrate, the gate lines crossing the active regions, wherein each of the gate lines compriseswherein a top surface of the first portion is lower than a top surface of the second portion.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein a bottom surface of the first portion is lower than a bottom surface of the second portion.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the top surface of the first portion is higher than a bottom surface of the second portion.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device isolation layer comprises a first region and a second region crossing the gate lines claim 1 , wherein a distance between active regions of the one or more active regions adjacent to the first region is greater than a distance between active regions of the one or more active regions adjacent to the second region claim 1 , and wherein the first portion is positioned on the first region.5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the gate lines further comprise a third portion positioned on the second region claim 4 , and wherein the top surface of the first portion is lower than a top surface of the third portion.6. The device of claim 5 , wherein a bottom surface of the first portion is substantially coplanar with a bottom surface of the ...

Processing device for a pseudo inverse matrix and V-BLAST system

Disclosed is a V-BLAST system for a MIMO communication system. In the V-BLAST system for a MIMO communication system, a pseudo inverse matrix calculator receives a channel transfer function matrix including channel information and produces a cofactor matrix and a determinant for a pseudo inverse matrix. A norm & minimum calculator calculates a minimum index for the cofactor matrix outputted from the pseudo inverse matrix calculator, a weight vector selector selects a row vector having the minimum index and calculates a transposed matrix for the row vector; an adder adds the transposed matrix to a received input symbol, and a subtractor subtracts the determinant to the output. A demapper performs a determined function operation to the output and produces estimated information.

Visual displaying device for virtual reality with a built-in biofeedback sensor

The present invention discloses a visual displaying device comprising a head mounted display, a biofeedback sensor, a head tracker, and three-dimensional sound generator for implementing virtual reality with biofeedback.

System and method of providing service for enhancing attention on internet

The present invention discloses a method and system of network psychiatric diagnosis and therapy for patients suffering from attention deficit disorder. The present invention comprises a biofeedback sensor for evaluating the status and progress of the trainee's exercise.

Apparatus and method for cancelling interference in communication system supporting multi-user multiple-input multiple-output scheme

A method of canceling interference by a signal receiving apparatus in a communication system supporting a multi-user Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) scheme and a signal receiving apparatus is provided. The method includes determining whether there is a need for using an interference cancellation scheme while performing a signal detecting operation; and performing the signal detecting operation using the interference cancellation scheme, or performing the signal detecting operation without using the interference cancellation scheme based on determining whether there is the need for using the interference cancellation scheme.

Operating method of wireless local area network station

A method of operating a wireless local area network (WLAN) station. The WLAN station receives at least one desired signal and at least one interference signal from an access point (AP) capable of simultaneously transmitting desired signals to multiple WLAN stations. The method includes estimating a channel and generating a channel matrix estimated based on the estimated channel, separating a channel matrix of the desired signal and a channel matrix of the interference signal from the estimated channel matrix, generating the matrix of a virtual channel by combining the separated channel matrixes, and executing a sphere decoding (SD) algorithm using the matrix of the virtual channel. Or, separating a desired signal and an interference signal from the stream signal based on the analysis result, ascertaining a modulation scheme of the interference signal, and setting the ascertained modulation scheme of the interference signal as decreased lattice points.

Method for fabricating a semiconductor device

A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes forming a pre-isolation layer covering a fin formed on a substrate, the pre-isolation layer including a lower pre-isolation layer making contact with the fin and an upper pre-isolation layer not making contact with the fin, removing a portion of the upper pre-isolation layer by performing a first polishing process, and planarizing the pre-isolation layer such that an upper surface of the fin and an upper surface of the pre-isolation layer are coplanar by performing a second polishing process for removing the remaining portion of the upper pre-isolation layer.

Clothes dryer

Disclosed is a clothes dryer, comprising: a body; a drum rotatably installed at the body; a duct for guiding air exhausted from the drum; and a filter assembly for filtering lint included in the air exhausted from the drum. The filter assembly includes a lint filter and a cover filter, and a lint collector encompassed by the lint filter and the cover filter. The clothes dryer includes sensing means for sensing whether the lint filter has been mounted to a precise position or not. The sensing means consists of a magnet mounted to a mesh frame of the lint filter, and a reed switch mounted to a cover guide.

Apparatus and method for detecting signal in a spatial multiplexing multiple input multiple output communication system

A Spatial Multiplexing Multiple Input Multiple Output (SM-MIMO) communication system, which generates Q and R matrices through QR decomposing a channel matrix in an array order corresponding to an order of transmission antennas of a signal transmission device, determines a detection order of transmission symbols included in a transmission symbol vector, QR decomposes a reception signal vector and generates the QR decomposed reception signal vector as a transformed reception signal vector, substitutes all of transmittable candidate symbols for a transmission symbol corresponding to a first detection order among the transmission symbols and sequentially removes interference in the transformed reception signal vector, detects candidate symbols of transmission symbols corresponding to a remaining detection order from the interference-removed transformed reception signal vector, combines the detected candidate symbols, detects candidate symbol vectors, and calculates Log-Likelihood Ratio values ...

Memory device

A device isolation layer of the memory device includes a first insulation layer in a lower portion of a device isolation trench, a second insulation layer in an upper portion of the device isolation trench and a separation layer between the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer. First and second conductive fillers are in the first and second insulation layers and are separated by the separation layer.

Symbol combining method for reducing the number of FIFO registers of finger, rake receiver and method for driving the rake receiver

A symbol combining method in a Rake receiver, which relates to a method for combining the demodulated multi-path signals in a demodulation process of a code division multiple access communication system. The symbol combining method, a Rake receiver using the symbol combining method and a method for driving the Rake receiver, remarkably reduce a hardware complexity of a FIFO register used to regulate a timing synchronization of each finger in Rake receiver by using a new algorithm in a combining process when a CDMA communication system combines a plurality of multi-path signals therebetween. Whereas a conventional combining algorithm uses an individual FIFO register every finger so as to adjust a timing synchronization of each symbol before combining a demodulated symbol, the inventive combining algorithm performs a symbol combining operation as well as a timing synchronization of a symbol at the same time, and performs a combining action by using only one FIFO register irrespective of the ...

Synchronization detection apparatus and method based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based synchronization detection apparatus including a 2n level quantizing unit quantizing received data samples into levels of 2n, where n is an integer greater than or equal to zero (0), and a delaying unit delaying the data samples quantized through the 2n level quantizing unit by a predetermined number of clocks and outputting data indicative thereof. A shifting unit shifts the output data samples of the 2n level quantizing unit by an amount corresponding to an exponent of the output data of the delaying unit and a peak detecting unit detects a peak value from sums of outputs from the shifting unit.

Method and apparatus for controlling video encoding data rate

A method and apparatus for controlling a video encoding data rate in real-time in order to minimize performance deterioration, even when a scene change has occurred in an application field having a small number of available bits due to a low bit rate and a high frame rate. The method includes: a first step of determining whether scene change has occurred in a current frame; a second step of determining whether a number of current available bits is more than a preset reference when it is determined that the scene change has occurred; and a third step of adjusting a Quantization Parameter (QP) according to a first preset condition when it is determined that the number of current available bits is more than that preset reference. An apparatus includes an encoder QP controller having a QP module for adjusting the QP.

Methods of Manufacturing a Semiconductor Device

Methods of manufacturing a semiconductor device include forming integrated structures of polysilicon patterns and hard mask patterns on a substrate divided into at least an NMOS forming region and a PMOS forming region. A first preliminary insulating interlayer is formed on the integrated structures. A first polishing of the first preliminary insulating interlayer is performed until at least one upper surface of the hard mask patterns is exposed, to form a second preliminary insulating interlayer. The second preliminary insulating interlayer is etched until the upper surfaces of the hard mask patterns are exposed, to form a third preliminary insulating interlayer. A second polishing of the hard mask patterns and the third preliminary insulating interlayer is performed until the polysilicon patterns are exposed to form an insulating interlayer. The polysilicon patterns are removed to form an opening. A metal material is deposed to form a gate electrode pattern in the opening.

METHODS OF MANUFACTURING A SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

A method includes forming a plurality of dummy gate structures on a substrate, each dummy gate structure including a dummy gate electrode and a dummy gate mask, forming a first insulation layer on the substrate and the dummy gate structures to fill a first space between the dummy gate structures, planarizing upper portions of the first insulation layer and the dummy gate structures, removing the remaining first insulation layer to expose a portion of the substrate, forming an etch stop layer on the remaining dummy gate structures and the exposed portion of the substrate, forming a second insulation layer on the etch stop layer to fill a second space between the dummy gate structures, planarizing upper portions of the second insulation layer and the etch stop layer to expose the dummy gate electrodes, removing the exposed dummy gate electrodes to form trenches, and forming metal gate electrodes in the trenches.

Victim system detector, method of detecting a victim system, wireless communication device and wireless communication method

A victim system detector for detecting whether a second wireless communication system uses frequency bands that are used by a first wireless communication system (detecting whether the second wireless communication system is a victim system) includes a correlator and a decision unit. The correlator calculates a correlation value between a frequency domain baseband signal associated with the first wireless communication system and a correlation sequence of the second wireless communication system. The decision unit determines, based on the correlation value, whether the second wireless communication system is a victim system. Therefore, the victim system is detected accurately and efficiently.

Multiple access method for sharing pseudo-noise code by time division transmission in wireless telemetry system

Disclosed is a multiple access method for sharing pseudo-noise code by time division transmission in wireless telemetry system, which transmits same time information from a CU (Control Unit) to all RT (Remote Terminal), and each RT transmits data by time division using the time information provided by the CU. Also, each RT decides the respective transmission time using the time information provided by the CU. After each RT transmits data by time division, if the transmitted data has an error, each RT transmits data by time division in repsonse to the retransmission request of the CU.

System and method of correlating virtual reality with biofeedback for enhancing attention

The present invention discloses a system and method for the enhancement of attention and further the treatment of attention deficit disorder. The present invention also presents a virtual reality environment for enhancing attention shift, selective attention, and sustained attention by correlating a biofeedback device that estimates the current attention level of the patient.

Memory device and method of manufacturing the same

A device isolation layer of the memory device includes a first insulation layer in a lower portion of a device isolation trench, a second insulation layer in an upper portion of the device isolation trench and a separation layer between the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer. First and second conductive fillers are in the first and second insulation layers and are separated by the separation layer.

Victim System Detector, Method of Detecting a Victim System, Wireless Communication Device and Wireless Communication Method

A victim system detector for detecting whether a second wireless communication system uses frequency bands that are used by a first wireless communication system (detecting whether the second wireless communication system is a victim system) includes a correlator and a decision unit. The correlator calculates a correlation value between a frequency domain baseband signal associated with the first wireless communication system and a correlation sequence of the second wireless communication system. The decision unit determines, based on the correlation value, whether the second wireless communication system is a victim system. Therefore, the victim system is detected accurately and efficiently.

METHOD OF DEMODULATING MDCM SIGNAL USING HARD DECISION AND METHOD OF DEMODULATING MDCM SIGNAL USING SOFT DECISION

A method of demodulating a modified dual carrier modulation (MDCM) signal using hard decision includes generating real symbol vector candidates and imaginary symbol vector candidates which correspond to an MDCM signal pair; calculating a first norm between a real part of the MDCM signal pair and each of the real symbol vector candidates and determining as a real symbol vector a real symbol vector candidate that has the minimum first norm among the real symbol vector candidates; and calculating a second norm between an imaginary part of the MDCM signal pair and each of the imaginary symbol vector candidates and determining as an imaginary symbol vector an imaginary symbol vector candidate that has the minimum second norm among the imaginary symbol vector candidates. 1. A method of demodulating a modified dual carrier modulation (MDCM) signal using hard decision , the method comprising:generating real symbol vector candidates and imaginary symbol vector candidates that correspond to an MDCM signal pair;calculating a first norm between the real part of the MDCM signal pair and each of the real symbol vector candidates and selecting from among the real symbol vector candidates a real symbol vector candidate that has the minimum first norm as the real symbol vector; andcalculating a second norm between the imaginary part of the MDCM signal pair and each of the imaginary symbol vector candidates and selecting from among the imaginary symbol vector candidates an imaginary symbol vector candidate that has the minimum second norm as the imaginary symbol vector.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the generating the real symbol vector candidates and the imaginary symbol vector candidates comprises generating real values of constellation points to which the MDCM signal pair can be mapped as the real symbol vector candidates and generating imaginary values of the constellation points to which the MDCM signal pair can be mapped as the imaginary symbol vector candidates.3. The ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS TO DETECT A SYMBOL IN RECEIVER INCLUDING MULTIPLE RECEIVING ANTENNAS

A receiver of a wireless communication system and method thereof include antennas configured to receive data, wherein the data comprises a preamble, a header, and a payload. The receiver also includes a synchronizer configured to perform time synchronization of the data received through corresponding paths of each antenna using corresponding preambles of the data. The receiver includes a header detector configured to detect a header from the data of each of the paths. A surviving path selector in the receiver is configured to select a signal of a surviving path from among the paths based on the header or the preamble. The receiver also includes combiner configured to combine the signal existing in the surviving path to demodulate the payload. 1. A receiver of a wireless communication system , the receiver comprising:antennas configured to receive data, wherein the data comprises a preamble, a header, and a payload;a synchronizer configured to perform time synchronization of the data received through corresponding paths of each antenna using corresponding preambles of the data;a header detector configured to detect a header from the data of each of the paths;a surviving path selector configured to select a signal of a surviving path from among the paths based on the header or the preamble; anda combiner configured to combine the signal existing in the surviving path to demodulate the payload.2. The receiver of claim 1 , further comprising:an envelope detector configured to detect an envelope of data received from each of the paths, and provide the detected envelope to the synchronizer.3. The receiver of claim 1 , further comprising:a determining unit configured to determine bits corresponding to the payload based on the combination of the signal existing in the surviving path.4. The receiver of claim 3 , wherein the determining unit is configured to determine the bits based on a pulse position demodulation (PPD) scheme claim 3 , when the payload is modulated based on ...

SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORY DEVICE AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME

A method of operating a semiconductor memory device includes an operation of applying a first voltage to selected bit lines, a second voltage to unselected bit lines and a common source line, and turning on drain and source selection transistors, an operation of applying a program voltage to a selected word line and a switch voltage to a switch word line, and applying a first pass voltage to first unselected word lines disposed between the switch word line and a common source line and between the selected word line and a bit line, and elevating the switch voltage to generate hot electrons and inject the hot electrons to a selected memory cell of the selected word line to program the selected cell. 1. A method of operating a semiconductor memory device , comprising:supplying first and second voltages to a memory string through a bit line and a common source line, respectively, by turning on drain and source selection transistors;applying a program voltage to a selected word line of word lines coupled to memory cells and a switch voltage to a switch word line disposed between a selected word line and the common source line;applying a first pass voltage to first unselected word lines disposed between the switch word line and the common source line and between the selected word line and the bit line and a second pass voltage lower than the first pass voltage to a second unselected word line between the switch word line and the selected word line; andelevating the switch voltage to generate hot electrons and inject the hot electrons into a selected memory cell of the selected word line, among the memory cells.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a third pass voltage lower than the first pass voltage and higher than the second pass voltage is applied to a third unselected line disposed adjacent to the selected word line and between the selected word line and the bit line claim 1 , out of the first unselected word lines.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein a fourth pass ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING RECEIVED SIGNAL USING MEDIAN ABSOLUTE DEVIATION

A method of detecting a received signal, includes determining correlation between a received signal in a predetermined signal interval and training symbols, and determining a median absolute deviation (MAD) of the received signal in a predetermined reference interval. The method further includes detecting a presence of the received signal based on the correlation and the MAD. 1. A method of detecting a received signal , the method comprising:determining correlation between a received signal in a predetermined signal interval and training symbols;determining a median absolute deviation (MAD) of the received signal in a predetermined reference interval; anddetecting a presence of the received signal based on the correlation and the MAD.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:calculating a maximum correlation between the received signal in the predetermined signal interval and the training symbols.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:calculating correlations between the received signal in respective calculation intervals in the predetermined signal interval, and the training symbols, each of the calculation intervals comprising an identical length; andextracting a maximum correlation from the correlations.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:calculating an average of MADs in previous reference intervals and the predetermined reference interval, respectively; anddetecting a presence of the received signal based on a ratio of the correlation to the average of the MADs.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising:detecting the presence of the received signal in response to the ratio of the correlation to the average of the MADs being greater than a predetermined threshold.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:updating an average of MADs in respective previous reference intervals based on the MAD in the predetermined reference interval to calculate an average of the MADs in the previous reference intervals and the predetermined reference ...

MEMORY DEVICE

A device isolation layer of the memory device includes a first insulation layer in a lower portion of a device isolation trench, a second insulation layer in an upper portion of the device isolation trench and a separation layer between the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer. First and second conductive fillers are in the first and second insulation layers and are separated by the separation layer. 1. A memory device comprising:a substrate having an active region and a field region defining the active region, the field region having a device isolation trench;a device isolation layer in the device isolation trench of the substrate, the device isolation layer including,a first insulation layer in a lower portion of the device isolation trench, the first insulation layer having a first void,a second insulation layer in an upper portion of the device isolation trench, the second insulation layer having a second void, anda separation layer between the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer;a gate structure on the active region of the substrate;an impurity layer on the active region and adjacent to the gate structure; anda conductive interconnector contacting the impurity layer.2. The memory device of claim 1 , wherein the gate structure comprises:a buried structure on an inner sidewall and a bottom surface of a gate trench of the active region of the substrate, the buried structure including a buried gate insulation layer;a buried gate conductive layer on the buried gate insulation layer, the buried gate conductive layer filling a lower portion of the gate trench; anda capping layer on the buried gate conductive layer, the capping layer filling an upper portion of the gate trench.3. The memory device of claim 2 , wherein the impurity layer is on surface portions of the active region at side portions of the buried structure in order to form a buried channel array transistor (BCAT) on the active region of the substrate.4. The memory ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR INSPECTING TEMPLATE BY USING SIMPLIFIED HOUGH TRANSFORM

One embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus and method for inspecting a template using a simplified Hough transform. An apparatus for inspecting a template using a simplified Hough transform according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a rotation angle determination unit for determining a rotation angle of the template included in the object by performing a first voting procedure on a input image including an object; and a position determining unit for calculating a voting cumulative values for the blocks included in the input image by performing a second voting procedure on the input image, performing a down sampling at least one of the blocks based on the voting cumulative values, and determining a position of the template by performing a third voting procedure on the down sampled blocks. 1. An apparatus for inspecting a template , comprising:a rotation angle determining unit for determining a rotation angle of a template included in the object by performing a first voting procedure on a input image including an object; anda position determining unit for calculating a voting cumulative values for blocks included in the input image by performing a second voting procedure on the input image, performing a down sampling at least one of the blocks based on the voting cumulative values, and determining a position of the template by performing a third voting procedure on the down sampled blocks.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:an edge detection unit for detecting the object and the edge of the template as block units based on a horizontal axis, a vertical axis and a diagonal axis from the input image.3. The apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the rotation angel determining unit comprising:a first voting unit for performing a first voting on first blocks corresponding to a diagonal axis of the edge; anda first voting calculating unit for calculating first voting cumulative values for the first blocks and ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor devices includes providing a semiconductor substrate that includes a channel region. The method includes forming a gate electrode material film including a stepped portion on the channel region. A sacrificial material film that has an etch selectivity that is the same as an etch selectivity of the gate electrode material film is formed. The sacrificial material film is planarized until a top surface of the gate electrode material film is exposed. The stepped portion is reduced by removing an exposed portion of the gate electrode material film. 1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device , comprising:providing a semiconductor substrate that comprises a channel region;forming a gate electrode material film comprising a stepped portion on the channel region;forming a sacrificial material film on the gate electrode material film, wherein the sacrificial material film has different etch selectivity with respect to the gate electrode material film;planarizing the sacrificial material film until a top surface of the gate electrode material film is exposed; andreducing the stepped portion of the gate electrode material film by removing an exposed portion of the gate electrode material film.2. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the reducing of the stepped portion of the gate electrode material film comprises removing the exposed portion of the gate electrode material film by using the sacrificial material film as an etching mask.3. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor device of claim 2 , further comprising removing the sacrificial material film after using the sacrificial material film as an etching mask.4. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor device of claim 3 , further comprising removing the stepped portion by etching the gate electrode material film by chemical mechanical polishing after the removing of the sacrificial material film.5. The method of manufacturing a ...

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE APPARATUS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A method of manufacturing a light emitting diode is provided. The method includes forming a semiconductor layer on a substrate, forming a mask layer including a plurality of grooves on the semiconductor layer, forming a plurality of nanostructures in the plurality of grooves, respectively, forming an etched region by etching an outer region of the semiconductor layer and an inner region of the semiconductor layer different from the outer region, forming a first electrode on the etched region of the semiconductor layer, forming an insulation layer on the first electrode, and forming a second electrode on the insulation layer and the plurality of nanostructures. 1. A method of manufacturing a light emitting diode , the method comprising:forming a semiconductor layer on a substrate;forming a mask layer including a plurality of grooves on the semiconductor layer;forming a plurality of nanostructures in the plurality of grooves, respectively;forming an etched region by etching an outer region of the semiconductor layer and an inner region of the semiconductor layer different from the outer region;forming a first electrode on the etched region of the semiconductor layer;forming an insulation layer on the first electrode; andforming a second electrode on the insulation layer and the plurality of nano structures.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the inner region comprises at least one of a horizontal line region and vertical line region which is connected to the outer region while passing through a center portion of a region other than the outer region.3. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the inner region comprises a rectangular region having four sides longer than a width of the horizontal line region and the vertical line region based on the center portion.4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of nanostructures comprise:a nano-shaped n-type semiconductor layer;an active layer formed on the nano-shaped n-type semiconductor ...

Apparatus and method for cancelling interference in communication system supporting multi-user multiple-input multiple-output scheme

A method of canceling interference by a signal receiving apparatus in a communication system supporting a multi-user Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) scheme and a signal receiving apparatus is provided. The method includes determining whether there is a need for using an interference cancellation scheme while performing a signal detecting operation; and performing the signal detecting operation using the interference cancellation scheme, or performing the signal detecting operation without using the interference cancellation scheme based on determining whether there is the need for using the interference cancellation scheme.

METHOD FOR FABRICATING A SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes forming a pre-isolation layer covering a fin formed on a substrate, the pre-isolation layer including a lower pre-isolation layer making contact with the fin and an upper pre-isolation layer not making contact with the fin, removing a portion of the upper pre-isolation layer by performing a first polishing process, and planarizing the pre-isolation layer such that an upper surface of the fin and an upper surface of the pre-isolation layer are coplanar by performing a second polishing process for removing the remaining portion of the upper pre-isolation layer. 1. A method for fabricating a semiconductor device , the method comprising:forming a pre-isolation layer covering a fin formed on a substrate, the pre-isolation layer including a lower pre-isolation layer making contact with the fin and an upper pre-isolation layer not making contact with the fin;removing a portion of the upper pre-isolation layer by performing a first polishing process; andplanarizing the pre-isolation layer such that an upper surface of the fin and an upper surface of the pre-isolation layer are coplanar by performing a second polishing process for removing a remaining portion of the upper pre-isolation layer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a first speed at which the fin is polished by a slurry used in the second polishing process is smaller than a second speed at which the pre-isolation layer is polished by the slurry used in the second polishing process.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the slurry includes a poly stopping slurry.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming of the pre-isolation layer comprises covering a mask pattern formed on the fin with the upper pre-isolation layer.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the removing of the portion of the upper pre-isolation layer comprises exposing the mask pattern.6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising removing the mask pattern before the performing of the second ...

COATING COMPOSITION FOR LOW IGNITION PROPENSITY CIGARETTE PAPER, TOBACCO USING SAME, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING LOW IGNITION PROPENSITY CIGARETTE PAPER

A coating composition for low ignition propensity cigarette paper, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises 10-30 wt % of gum arabic, 25-35 wt % of maltose, 15-30 wt % of ethanol and 10-40 wt % of water. 1. A coating composition for a low ignition propensity cigarette paper comprising:10% to 30% by weight of arabic gum,25% to 35% by weight of maltose,15% to 30% by weight of ethanol, and10% to 40% by weight of water.wherein a viscosity of the coating composition is more than 100 cPs, less than 1000 cPs,wherein a viscosity of the coating composition is maintained for 6 months at 2° C. and 20 rpm of spindle speed, andwherein the coating composition is dried at the room temperature condition.2. (canceled)3. The coating composition for the low ignition propensity cigarette paper according to claim 1 , wherein a dynamic viscosity retention rate is 84% or more when a rotational speed of the coating composition for the low ignition propensity cigarette paper increases from about 20 rpm to 100 rpm.4. A cigarette claim 1 , comprising:a cigarette column portion, anda low ignition propensity cigarette paper surrounding the cigarette column portion and including a coating portion formed by drying a coating composition,wherein the coating composition comprises 10% to 30% by weight of arabic gum, 25% to 35% by weight of maltose, 15% to 30% by weight of ethanol, and 10% to 40% by weight of water.wherein a viscosity of the coating composition is more than 100 cPs, less than 1000 cPs,wherein a viscosity of the coating composition is maintained for 6 months at 2° C. and 20 rpm of spindle speed, andwherein the coating composition is dried at the room temperature condition.5. The cigarette according to claim 4 , wherein the cigarette further comprises a cigarette filter portion.6. The cigarette according to claim 5 , wherein the cigarette filter portion comprises at least one of filter member.7. The cigarette according to claim 6 , wherein the cigarette filter ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SOFT-DECISION DETECTION IN 2X2 MIMO SYSTEM

A method for detecting soft-decisions in a 2×2 MIMO system includes detecting all candidate symbol vector sets S in which there exist all values of a real part and an imaginary part, and calculating a log-likelihood ratio (LLR) with respect to the candidate symbol vector sets S from 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein each candidate symbol vector set S is a union S=S∪Sof a forward candidate symbol vector set Sand a backward candidate symbol vector set S.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising forward detecting symbols in an order of [Ŝ claim 2 , Ŝ] and [Ŝ claim 2 , Ŝ] claim 2 , and backward detecting symbols in an order of [Ŝ claim 2 , Ŝ] and [Ŝ claim 2 , Ŝ].4. The method of claim 3 , wherein forward detecting and backward detecting are performed on a 2×2 matrix based on candidate symbol vector pairs [Ŝ claim 3 , Ŝ] and [Ŝ claim 3 , Ŝ] claim 3 , respectively.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein forward detecting comprises:{'sub': '2', 'sup': 'n+50', 'selecting p symbols for Ŝ;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'sup': n', 'n+50', 'n, 'selecting q Ŝsymbols for each of the p Ŝsymbols to select total p×q Ŝsymbols;'}{'sub': '2', 'sup': 'n', 'selecting r additional Ŝsymbols;'}{'sub': 1', '2', '1, 'sup': n+50', 'n', 'n+50, 'selecting one Ŝsymbol for each of the p×q+r Ŝsymbols to select p×q+r total Ŝsymbols; and'}{'sub': 1', '1', '1, 'sup': n', 'n+50', 'n, 'selecting one Ŝsymbol for each of the p×q+r Ŝsymbols to select p×q+r total Ŝsymbols.'}6. The method of claim 5 , wherein forward detecting the candidate symbol vector pair [Ŝ claim 5 , Ŝ] comprises:{'sub': 2', '2, 'sup': n+50', 'n, 'converting a received signal comprising the candidate symbol vector pair [Ŝ, Ŝ] into an upper triangular matrix by applying a conjugate transpose of a matrix obtained through QR decomposition to the received signal;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'sup': n+50', 'n, 'calculating a Euclidean distance for all cases of the candidate symbol vector pair [Ŝ, Ŝ];'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'sup': n', 'n+50', 'n+50', 'n, ' ...

VAPORIZER AND THIN FILM DEPOSITION APPARATUS INCLUDING THE SAME

A vaporizer includes a main body including a first body and a second body. The first body has an upper portion narrowing in a direction of a height of the first body and the second body has a cavity in which the first body is positioned. A mixing chamber is between the first and second bodies. The second body includes a carrier gas injection path connected to a carrier gas inlet formed in an upper portion of the mixing chamber. The carrier gas injection path carries a carrier gas. A source material injection path is connected to a source material inlet formed in the mixing chamber. The source material injection path carries a liquid source material. A discharge is connected to an outlet formed in a lower portion of the mixing chamber. A mixed fluid including the carrier gas and the liquid source material is discharged through the discharge path. 1. A vaporizer comprising:a main body comprising a first body and a second body, wherein the first body has an upper portion narrowing in a direction of a height of the first body, and wherein the second body has a cavity in which the first body is positioned; anda mixing chamber between the first body and the second body,wherein the second body comprises:a carrier gas injection path connected to a carrier gas inlet formed in an upper portion of the mixing chamber, wherein the carrier gas injection path carries a carrier gas;a source material injection path connected to a source material inlet formed in the mixing chamber, wherein the source material injection path carries a liquid source material; anda discharge path connected to an outlet formed in a lower portion of the mixing chamber, wherein a mixed fluid including the carrier gas and the liquid source material is discharged through the discharge path.2. The vaporizer of claim 1 , wherein a groove extending in a spiral direction is formed in an inner side surface of the second body claim 1 , the inner side surface of the second body facing the upper portion of the first ...

CATALYTIC DEVICE FOR STOICHIOMETRIC AIR-FUEL RATIO GASOLINE ENGINE AND CATALYTIC SYSTEM INCLUDING THE SAME

The present disclosure provides a catalytic device for a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio gasoline engine, in which exhaust gas discharged from a gasoline engine sequentially passes through a WCC (Warm up Catalytic Converter) and a UCC (Under floor Catalytic Converter). In particular, the catalytic device may include an LNT (Lean NOx Trap) component added to one of the WCC and the UCC.

MEMORY DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A device isolation layer of the memory device includes a first insulation layer in a lower portion of a device isolation trench, a second insulation layer in an upper portion of the device isolation trench and a separation layer between the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer. First and second conductive fillers are in the first and second insulation layers and are separated by the separation layer. 1. A method of manufacturing a memory device , comprising:forming a device isolation trench in a field region of a substrate, the field region defining an active region of the substrate; a first insulation layer in a lower portion of the device isolation trench, the first insulation layer including a first void,', 'a second insulation layer in an upper portion of the device isolation trench, the second insulation layer including a second void, and', 'a separation layer between the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer;, 'forming a device isolation layer in the device isolation trench of the substrate, the device isolation layer including,'}forming a gate structure on the active region of the substrate;forming an impurity layer on the active region and adjacent to the gate structure; andforming a conductive interconnector contacting the impurity layer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the device isolation layer includes:forming a preliminary sidewall oxide layer on the substrate conformal with a surface profile of the device isolation trench;forming a first preliminary insulation layer on the preliminary sidewall oxide layer , the first preliminary insulation layer filling the lower portion of the device isolation trench together with the first void;partially removing the first preliminary insulation layer and the preliminary sidewall oxide layer from the substrate to form a sidewall oxide layer covering an inner sidewall and a bottom surface of the device isolation trench, the sidewall oxide layer including a stepped portion ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING DATA UNIT

Disclosed are a device for transmitting a data unit and a method of operating the same. More particularly, the device of the present disclosure includes a size determination unit for determining an optimal split size for a MAC Service Data Unit (MSDU) received from an upper layer by applying a transmission time algorithm; a unit division unit for splitting the MSDU into the determined size; and a MAC layer management unit for generating plural MAC Protocol Data Units (MPDUs) based on the split plural MSDUs and the delimiter for each of the split plural MSDUs, generating an aggregate protocol data unit by applying an aggregate transmission scheme to the generated MPDUs, and delivering the generated aggregate protocol data unit to a physical layer, thus guaranteeing reliability important for video streaming and, at the same time, increasing the throughput. 1. A device for a transmitting data unit , comprising:a size determination unit for determining an optimal split size for a MAC Service Data Unit (MSDU) received from an upper layer by applying a transmission time algorithm;a unit division unit for splitting the MSDU into the determined size; anda MAC layer management unit for generating plural MAC Protocol Data Units (MPDUs) based on the split plural MSDUs and a delimiter for each of the split plural MSDUs, generating an aggregate protocol data unit by applying an aggregate transmission scheme to the generated MPDUs, and delivering the generated aggregate protocol data unit to a physical layer.2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the size determination unit determines an optimal split size by calculating a maximum length of a frame that can be transmitted during a Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) limit time of a terminal using a transmission time algorithm and calculating a frame transmission time from the calculated frame maximum length.3. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the size determination unit determines the optimal split size by calculating ...

Motion estimation

Provided are a method of motion estimation based on hybrid block matching using overlapping blocks in a video encoder, and an apparatus for converting a frame rate using the method. The method includes dividing a current frame into blocks and performing a full search algorithm on blocks sampled from the divided blocks, allocating motion vectors (fMV) obtained through linear interpolation to non-sampled blocks in the current frame based on a motion vector (iMV) obtained through the full search, and performing a fast search algorithm using the motion vector obtained through linear interpolation as a search starting point.

CHEMICAL MECHANICAL POLISH WITH WAVY ROILLS

A method and apparatus for adaptive deinterlacing based on a phase corrected field and recording medium storing programs for performing the adaptive deinterlacing method

Adaptives Deinterlacingverfahren auf der Basis eines phasenkorrigierten Halbbildes eines Interlaced-Eingangsbildsignals, umfassend: Erzeugen eines phasenkorrigierten k-ten Halbbildes des Interlaced-Eingangsbildsignals durch das Kompensieren einer Phase des k-ten Halbbildes des Interlaced-Eingangsbildsignals um eine Zeilenfrequenz; Berechnen eines ersten Bewegungsvektors zwischen dem phasenkorrigierten k-ten Halbbild und einem (k–1)-ten Halbbild des Interlaced-Bildsignals; Berechnen eines zweiten Bewegungsvektors zwischen dem (k–1)-ten Halbbild und einem (k+1)-ten Halbbild des Interlaced-Bildsignals; und Bestimmen, ob es eine Bewegung des Eingangsbildes gibt, auf der Basis der ersten und zweiten Bewegungsvektorwerte, und Erzeugen eines k-ten progressiven Ganzbildes auf der Basis des Ergebnisses der Bewegungsbestimmung und dem k-ten Halbbild, wobei k eine ganze Zahl ist. An adaptive deinterlacing method based on a phase corrected field of an interlaced input image signal, comprising: Generating a phase-corrected k-th field of the interlaced input image signal by compensating a phase of the k-th field of the interlaced input image signal by one line rate; Calculating a first motion vector between the phase-corrected k-th field and a (k-1) th field of the interlaced picture signal; Calculating a second motion vector between the (k-1) th field and a (k + 1) th field of the interlaced picture signal; and Determining whether there is a motion of the input image based on the first and second motion vector values, and generating a k-th progressive frame on the basis of the result of the motion determination and the k-th field, where k is an integer.

Synchronization detection apparatus and method based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based synchronization detection apparatus including a 2 n level quantizing unit quantizing received data samples into levels of 2 n , where n is an integer greater than or equal to zero (0), and a delaying unit delaying the data samples quantized through the 2 n level quantizing unit by a predetermined number of clocks and outputting data indicative thereof. A shifting unit shifts the output data samples of the 2 n level quantizing unit by an amount corresponding to an exponent of the output data of the delaying unit and a peak detecting unit detects a peak value from sums of outputs from the shifting unit.

OFDM-based timing synchronization detection apparatus and method

An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based synchronization detection apparatus includes an input register that stores data, a shifter that shifts the data from the input register based on the exponent of a quantized correlation coefficient, an adder that sums the shifted data, and a peak detector that determines the peak value from among the summed shifted data. The OFDM-based synchronization detection method involves quantizing correlation coefficients for synchronization detection into 2 n -level quantized correlation coefficients (n is an integer not less than 0), shifting input data using the 2 n -level quantized correlation coefficients, and detecting synchronization using a shifting result.

Dryer and controlling method thereof

Dryer and controlling method thereof

The present invention relates to a dryer and a controlling method of a dryer, which can sense whether there is a malfunction or can precisely sense a drying rate of laundry. A dryer comprising a drum that laundry is stored in and a heater that supplies hot air to the drum, the dryer includes a sensing circuit that outputs a pulse signal based on contact with the laundry; and a micom that controls the dryer, wherein the micom determines a drying rate of the laundry or whether there is a malfunction in the dryer based on the pulse signal outputted from the sensing circuit.

Fast fourier transform processor using high speed area-efficient algorithm

The present invention discloses a fast Fourier transform (FFT) processor using a high speed area-efficient algorithm. The FFT processor is embodied by using the algorithm including a radix-4 butterfly module for receiving four input signals, and performing a butterfly operation thereon, and a radix-2 butterfly module connected to the radix-4 butterfly module, for performing the butterfly operation on the output signals from the radix-4 butterfly module. As a result, a number of nontrivial complex multipliers is reduced, to perform the FFT in a high speed in a small area.

Intermediate vector interpolation method and a three-dimensional (3D) display device for performing this method.

Dryer and controlling method thereof

Polishing pad having multi-windows

A polishing pad of the invention enables the polished quantity of a wafer to be monitored rapidly and precisely in Chemical Mechanical Polishing. A plurality of transparent windows are introduced enabling the polished quantity of the wafer to be controlled more rapidly and precisely than in a conventional single transparent window structure. The transparent windows and the remaining portion of the pad (e.g., a polishing section) are integrally made of the same material so that the polishing pad of the invention enables a precise CMP process and achieve excellent structural endurance superior to a conventional pad of a single transparent window inserted therein.

Multiple access method for sharing pseudo-noise code by time division transmission in wireless telemetry system

Disclosed is a multiple access method for sharing pseudo-noise code by time division transmission in wireless telemetry system, which transmits same time information from a CU (Control Unit) to all RT (Remote Terminal), and each RT transmits data by time division using the time information provided by the CU. Also, each RT decides the respective transmission time using the time information provided by the CU. After each RT transmits data by time division, if the transmitted data has an error, each RT transmits data by time division in repsonse to the retransmission request of the CU.

Polishing pad, conditioner and method for polishing the same

THE PRESENT INVENTION RELATES TO A POLISHING PAD FOR PERFORMING EFFECTIVE POLISHING AND CONDITIONING IN A CHEMICAL MECHANICAL POLISHING (HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AS 'CMP'), A CONDITIONER SUITABLE FOR THE POLISHING PAD, AND A CMP PROCESS USING THE POLISHING PAD AND THE CONDITIONER.(FIG 2)

Chemisch-mechanisches polierstück mit wellenförmigen rillen

Light therapy device having light diffusing function

Provided is a light therapy device capable of further maximizing a scattering effect, having enhanced durability, and exhibiting energy uniformity sufficient for use as a light therapy device.

Method for manufacturing laminated core

The present disclosure relates to a manufacturing method for a laminated core, which manufactures the laminated core by bonding lamina members. The manufacturing method includes: a laminated core forming step of forming a laminated core by sequentially forming and laminating lamina members having a predetermined shape while passing a thin sheet having an adhesive layer formed on a surface thereof; a magnet insertion step of inserting a magnet into a magnet insertion hole of the laminated core; a resin filling step of filling resin in the magnet insertion hole of the laminated core into which the magnet is inserted; and a curing step of heating the resin-filled laminated core to cure the adhesive layer of the lamina member, so that the laminated core is integrated and the filled resin is simultaneously cured. In this way, the laminated core in which resin is filled is heated, and the adhesive layer of the lamina member is cured, so that the laminated core can be integrated and the filled resin can be simultaneously cured. Accordingly, the manufacturing process can be simplified and the time and cost required for manufacturing can be reduced.

Base pad polishing pad and multi-layer pad comprising the same

Disclosed is a base pad of polishing pad, which is used in conjunction with polishing slurry during a chemical-mechanical polishing or planarizing process, and a multilayer pad using the same. Since the base pad according to the present invention does not have fine pores, it is possible to prevent premeation of polishing slurry and water and to avoid nonuniformity of physical properties. Therby, it is possible to lengthen the lifetime of the polishing pad.

Multi-machine and performance based continuous production planning global optimization scheduling method and device

A multi-machine and performance based continuous production planning global optimization scheduling method and device are disclosed. The device for multi-machine and performance-based continuous production planning global optimization scheduling may include a data pre-processing module configured to generate a multi-machine list on performable multiple machines through pre-processing scheduling target data, a scheduling module configured to generate a scheduling result by setting a processing time for a machine related to a single machine list, wherein the single machine list is selected from the multi-machine list, and a data post-processing module configured to store the scheduling result in a database.

Three-dimensional semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the three-dimensional semiconductor device

A three-dimeiisioiial semiconductor device including a memory block including a stack structure comprising a second sub stack formed over a first sub stack, a plurality of channel plugs formed through the stack structure, and a separation pattern formed in the memory block.

Polierkissen mit unterlage und dieses umfassendes mehrlagiges kissen

Chemical mechanical polishing pad with micro-holes

Disclosed is a chemical mechanical polishing pad formed at a polishing surface thereof with micro-holes each having a desired cross-sectional area while having a desired depth. The shape, size, and density of the micro-holes can be optionally adjusted. The chemical mechanical polishing pad provides an effect of maintaining a desired polishing rate during a polishing process. In accordance with the present invention, the micro-holes can have diverse arrangements depending on given process conditions.

Chemical mechanical polishing pad with micro-holes

Disclosed is a chemical mechanical polishing pad formed at a polishing surface thereof with micro-holes each having a desired cross-sectional area while having a desired depth. The shape, size, and density of the micro-holes can be optionally adjusted. The chemical mechanical polishing pad provides an effect of maintaining a desired polishing rate during a polishing process. In accordance with the present invention, the micro-holes can have diverse arrangements depending on given process conditions.

Chemical mechanical polishing pad with micro-holes

Chemisches mechanisches polierstück mit mikrolöchern

Base pad of polishing pad and multi-layer pad comprising the same

Chemical mechanical polishing pad having holes and/or grooves

Disclosed is a chemical mechanical polishing pad formed with holes, grooves or a combination thereof. The chemical mechanical polishing pad is characterized in that a plurality of concentric circles each having grooves, holes, or a combination thereof are formed at a polishing surface of the polishing pad. The chemical mechanical polishing pad provides effects of effectively controlling a flow of slurry during a polishing process, thereby achieving a stability in the polishing process in terms of a polishing rate, and achieving an enhancement in the planarization of a wafer.

Chemical mechanical polishing pad having holes and/or grooves

Disclosed is a chemical mechanical polishing pad formed with holes, grooves or a combination thereof. The chemical mechanical polishing pad is characterized in that a plurality of concentric circles each having grooves, holes, or a combination thereof are formed at a polishing surface of the polishing pad. The chemical mechanical polishing pad provides effects of effectively controlling a flow of slurry during a polishing process, thereby achieving a stability in the polishing process in terms of a polishing rate, and achieving an enhancement in the planarization of a wafer.

Method for manufacturing laminated core

The present disclosure relates to a manufacturing method for a laminated core, which manufactures the laminated core by bonding lamina members. The manufacturing method includes: a laminated core forming step of forming a laminated core by sequentially forming and laminating lamina members having a predetermined shape while passing a thin sheet having an adhesive layer formed on a surface thereof; a magnet insertion step of inserting a magnet into a magnet insertion hole of the laminated core; a resin filling step of filling resin in the magnet insertion hole of the laminated core into which the magnet is inserted; and a curing step of heating the resin-filled laminated core to cure the adhesive layer of the lamina member, so that the laminated core is integrated and the filled resin is simultaneously cured.

Multiple access method for sharing pseudo-noise code by time division transmission in wireless telemetry system

Chemical mechanical polishing pad having holes and/or grooves

Disclosed is a chemical mechanical polishing pad formed with holes, grooves or a combination thereof. The chemical mechanical polishing pad is characterized in that a plurality of concentric circles each having grooves, holes, or a combination thereof are formed at a polishing surface of the polishing pad. The chemical mechanical polishing pad provides effects of effectively controlling a flow of slurry during a polishing process, thereby achieving a stability in the polishing process in terms of a polishing rate, and achieving an enhancement in the planarization of a wafer.

Demodulation method in wireless telemetry systems using frame combining

Dryer and controlling method thereof

The present invention relates to a dryer and a controlling method of a dryer, which can sense whether there is a malfunction or can precisely sense a drying rate of laundry. A dryer comprising a drum that laundry is stored in and a heater that supplies hot air to the drum, the dryer includes a sensing circuit that outputs a pulse signal based on contact with the laundry; and a micom that controls the dryer, wherein the micom determines a drying rate of the laundry or whether there is a malfunction in the dryer based on the pulse signal outputted from the sensing circuit.