ELECTROCHEMICAL ION EXCHANGE TREATMENT OF FLUIDS

A fluid treatment apparatus comprises an electrochemical cell having fluid orifices to receive input fluid and release output fluid, the input fluid having a first level of a microorganism. First and second electrodes are about a water-splitting membrane in the electrochemical cell. A valve controls the flow of fluid through fluid orifices of the electrochemical cell. A power supply supplies a current to the first and second electrodes. A control module comprises program code to operate the valve to flow the input fluid into a fluid orifice of the electrochemical cell and provide a residence time of the fluid in the cell of at least 0.05 minutes, while controlling the power supply to supply to the first and second electrodes, a current having a current density of from about 0.01 to about 20 mA/cm. 1. A fluid treatment apparatus comprising: (i) fluid orifices to receive input fluid and release output fluid, the input fluid having a first level of a microorganism;', '(ii) a water-splitting membrane; and', '(iii) first and second electrodes about the water-splitting membrane;, '(a) an electrochemical cell comprising(b) a valve to control the flow of fluid through fluid orifices of the electrochemical cell;(c) a power supply to supply a current to the first and second electrodes; and{'sup': '2', '(d) a control module comprising program code to operate the valve to flow the input fluid into a fluid orifice of the electrochemical cell to provide a residence time of the fluid in the cell of at least 0.05 minutes, while controlling the power supply to supply to the first and second electrodes, a current having a current density of from about 0.01 to about 20 mA/cm.'}2. An apparatus according to wherein the current density is sufficiently high to deactivate microorganisms in the input fluid to provide an output fluid having at least a one log reduction of microorganisms.3. A fluid treatment apparatus comprising:(a) an electrochemical cell comprising a housing having fluid ...