Method and biosensor for analysis

In a method for analysis biomolecules (3) attached to a solid surface of a substrate (1) are used for detecting the presence of analytes (4) in a sample by binding of the analytes to the biomolecules. The biomolecules (3) are attached directly to the surface of the substrate together with biomolecule-repellent molecules (5), which cover the surface between the biomolecules (3) to prevent nonspecific binding of analytes (4) and other biomolecules. The invention relates also to a biosensor where biomolecules (3) are attached directly to the substrate (1) together with biomolecule-repellent molecules (5), which cover the surface between the biomolecules (3) to prevent non-specific binding of analytes (4) and other biomolecules. The biomolecules (5) can be self-assembled hydrophilic polymers. One example of using the invention is immunological analysis using surface plasmon resonance (SPR).

Method and apparatus for monitoring surface phenomena

A method for monitoring surface phenomena includes measuring a first surface plasmon resonance angle value (ϕSPR,REF) of a sample region (REG1), measuring a first critical angle value (ϕTIR,REF) of the sample region (REG1), causing a change of surface concentration (cM1,SRF) of an analyte (M1) at the sample region (REG1), changing the bulk composition at the sample region (REG1), measuring a second surface plasmon resonance angle value (ϕSPR(t)) of the sample region (REG1), measuring a second critical angle value (ϕTIR(t)) of the sample region (REG1), and determining an indicator value (ϕAUX(t)) indicative of the change of the surface concentration (cM1,SRF), wherein the indicator value (ϕAUX(t)) is determined from the second surface plasmon resonance angle value (ϕSPR(t)) by compensating an effect of the bulk composition, and wherein the magnitude (ϕCOMP) of said effect is determined by using the second critical angle value (ϕTIR(t)).

Method and device for carrying out surface plasmon resonance measurement

A method and a device for carrying out surface plasmon resonance measurement. A beam of electromagnetic radiation is produced by a source of electromagnetic radiation. The beam of electromagnetic radiation is directed through a prism onto a material layer in an angle of incidence, which material layer covers a planar surface of the prism. A resonance phenomenon is caused. A beam of reflected electromagnetic radiation is produced and directed by the surface to a detector for detecting the level of intensity of the beam of reflected electromagnetic radiation. The change of intensity of the beam of reflected electromagnetic radiation, caused by the surface resonance phenomenon, is measured. The beam of reflected electromagnetic radiation is reflected with a mirror to the detector.

Method of fabrication and device comprising elongated nanosize elements

A method of fabricating devices comprising elongated nanosize elements as well as such devices are disclosed. The devices comprise epitaxially grown layers into which elongated nanosize elements, such as carbon nanotubes, are incorporated. A substrate supporting epitaxial growth of an epitaxial layer is provided, elongated nanosize elements is provided onto the substrate and epitaxially overgrown with an epitaxial layer. The elongate nanosize elements are thereby at least partly encapsulated by the epitaxially grown layer. One or more components are prepared in the layer, the one or more components being prepared by means of lithography. Devices with carbon nanotubes as the active element may thereby be provided. The method is suitable for hybrid devices, hybrid between conventional semiconductor devices and nano-devices.

Method and Device for Carrying Out Surface Plasmon Resonance Measurement

A method and a device for carrying out surface plasmon resonance measurement. A beam of electromagnetic radiation is produced by a source of electromagnetic radiation. The beam of electromagnetic radiation is directed through a prism onto a material layer in an angle of incidence, which material layer covers a planar surface of the prism. A resonance phenomenon is caused. A beam of reflected electromagnetic radiation is produced and directed by the surface to a detector for detecting the level of intensity of the beam of reflected electromagnetic radiation. The change of intensity of the beam of reflected electromagnetic radiation, caused by the surface resonance phenomenon, is measured. The beam of reflected electromagnetic radiation is reflected with a mirror to the detector.

Method for monitoring of polymer in liquid state

In a method for monitoring of polymer in a liquid state, such as a polymer melt or resin, to detect inhomogeneities therein, such as the presence of other phase objects, especially gels in a matrix formed of the liquid state, the polymer in a liquid state flowing past an inspection point is monitored. At the inspection point, electromagnetic radiation in the form of UV light or polarised electromagnetic radiation is passed through the flow chamber ( 1 ) and received by a detector ( 8 ), and the absorption of the UV light or the changes in the state of polarisation of the electromagnetic radiation caused by the inhomogeneities are used to observe them.

Method and biosensor for analysis

In a method for analysis biomolecules ( 3 ) attached to a solid surface of a substrate ( 1 ) are used for detecting the presence of analytes ( 4 ) in a sample by binding of the analytes to the biomolecules. The biomolecules ( 3 ) are attached directly to the surface of the substrate together with biomolecule-repellent molecules ( 5 ), which cover the surface between the biomolecules ( 3 ) to prevent nonspecific binding of analytes ( 4 ) and other biomolecules. The invention relates also to a biosensor where biomolecules ( 3 ) are attached directly to the substrate ( 1 ) together with biomolecule-repellent molecules ( 5 ), which cover the surface between the biomolecules ( 3 ) to prevent non-specific binding of analytes ( 4 ) and other biomolecules. The biomolecules ( 5 ) can be self-assembled hydrophilic polymers. One example of using the invention is immunological analysis using surface plasmon resonance (SPR).

Method for monitoring of polymer in liquid state

In a method for monitoring of polymer in a liquid state, such as a polymer melt or resin, to detect inhomogeneities therein, such as the presence of other phase objects, especially gels in a matrix formed of the liquid state, the polymer in a liquid state flowing past an inspection point is monitored. At the inspection point, electromagnetic radiation in the form of UV light or polarised electromagnetic radiation is passed through the flow chamber ( 1 ) and received by a detector ( 8 ), and the absorption of the UV light or the changes in the state of polarisation of the electromagnetic radiation caused by the inhomogeneities are used to observe them.

Method and biosensor for analysis

In a method for analysis biomolecules ( 3 ) attached to a solid surface of a substrate ( 1 ) are used for detecting the presence of analytes ( 4 ) in a sample by binding of the analytes to the biomolecules. The biomolecules ( 3 ) are attached directly to the surface of the substrate together with biomolecule-repellent molecules ( 5 ), which cover the surface between the biomolecules ( 3 ) to prevent nonspecific binding of analytes ( 4 ) and other biomolecules. The invention relates also to a biosensor where biomolecules ( 3 ) are attached directly to the substrate ( 1 ) together with biomolecule-repellent molecules ( 5 ), which cover the surface between the biomolecules ( 3 ) to prevent non-specific binding of analytes ( 4 ) and other biomolecules. The biomolecules ( 5 ) can be self-assembled hydrophilic polymers. One example of using the invention is immunological analysis using surface plasmon resonance (SPR).

Method and biosensor for analysis

In a method for analysis biomolecules ( 3 ) attached to a solid surface of a substrate ( 1 ) are used for detecting the presence of analytes ( 4 ) in a sample by binding of the analytes to the biomolecules. The biomolecules ( 3 ) are attached directly to the surface of the substrate together with biomolecule-repellent molecules ( 5 ), which cover the surface between the biomolecules ( 3 ) to prevent nonspecific binding of analytes ( 4 ) and other biomolecules. The invention relates also to a biosensor where biomolecules ( 3 ) are attached directly to the substrate ( 1 ) together with biomolecule-repellent molecules ( 5 ), which cover the surface between the biomolecules ( 3 ) to prevent non-specific binding of analytes ( 4 ) and other biomolecules. The biomolecules ( 5 ) can be self-assembled hydrophilic polymers. One example of using the invention is immunological analysis using surface plasmon resonance (SPR).

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MONITORING SURFACE PHENOMENA

A method for monitoring surface phenomena includes 1. A method , comprising:measuring a first surface plasmon resonance angle value of a sample region,measuring a first critical angle value of the sample region,causing a change of surface concentration of an analyte at the sample region,changing the bulk composition at the sample region,measuring a second surface plasmon resonance angle value of the sample region,measuring a second critical angle value of the sample region, anddetermining an indicator value indicative of the change of the surface concentration, wherein the indicator value is determined from the second surface plasmon resonance angle value by compensating an effect of the bulk composition, and wherein a magnitude of said effect is determined by using the second critical angle value.2. The method of wherein the magnitude of the effect of the bulk composition is determined from the second critical angle value by using a compensating angle function claim 1 , wherein the compensating angle function has been determined such that the slope of the compensating angle function corresponds to a ratio of a change of surface plasmon resonance angle to a change of critical angle in a situation where an average refractive index at the sample region is changed.3. The method of comprising determining a compensating angle value from the second critical angle value by using a compensating angle function claim 1 , and by subtracting the compensating angle value from the second surface plasmon resonance angle value.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the compensating angle function is a linear function.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the compensating angle function is a quadratic function.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the compensating angle function is a third order polynomial function.7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the compensating angle function is a polynomial function.8. The method of wherein parameters of the compensating angle function are determined by ...

Circuit breaker with single or multiple pole - has fixed contacts and movable contacts above which are operated by toggle switch and guided by slides and notches

The circuit breaker, unitary or multipole, comprises a fixed part and a movable part which co-operate in a fashion enabling one part to pivot about the other and to be equipped with protectors. Components include a disconnectable contact, a fusible cartridge and a connection element, mounted onto the fixed part. In one arrangement, the contacts (2, 3) are close to the axis of rotation (1). The movable part is mounted above the fixed part and has a separate pair of contacts (8, 9) close to the toggle (14). Correct engagement of the contacts (8, 9) is assured by the provision of slides (17) which cooperate with corresponding notches (19).

Method and apparatus for monitoring surface phenomena

A method for monitoring surface phenomena comprises: - measuring a first surface plasmon resonance angle value (ϕ SPR,REF ) of a sample region (REG1), - measuring a first critical angle value (ϕ TIR,REF ) of the sample region (REG1), - causing a change of surface concentration (c M1,SRF ) of an analyte (M1) at the sample region (REG1), - changing the bulk composition at the sample region (REG1), - measuring a second surface plasmon resonance angle value (ϕ SPR (t)) of the sample region (REG1), - measuring a second critical angle value (ϕ TIR (t)) of the sample region (REG1), and - determining an indicator value (ϕ AUX (t)) indicative of the change of the surface concentration (c M1,SRF ), wherein the indicator value (ϕ AUX (t)) is determined from the second surface plasmon resonance angle value (ϕ SPR (t)) by compensating an effect of the bulk composition, and wherein the magnitude (ϕ COMP ) of said effect is determined by using the second critical angle value (ϕ TIR (t)).

Method of fabrication and device comprising elongated nanosize elements

A method of fabricating devices comprising elongated nanosize elements as well as such devices are disclosed. The devices comprise epitaxially grown layers into which elongated nanosize elements, such as carbon nanotubes, are incorporated. A substrate supporting epitaxial growth of an epitaxial layer is provided, elongated nanosize elements is provided onto the substrate and epitaxially overgrown with an epitaxial layer. The elongate nanosize elements are thereby at least partly encapsulated by the epitaxially grown layer. One or more components are prepared in the layer, the one or more components being prepared by means of lithography. Devices with carbon nanotubes as the active element may thereby be provided. The method is suitable for hybrid devices, hybrid between conventional semiconductor devices and nano-devices.

METHOD FOR MEASURING THE RESONANCE OF SURFACE PLASMONS AND SENSOR FOR USE IN THIS METHOD

Method and apparatus for monitoring surface phenomena

Jednopólový nebo vícepólový pojistkový odpojovač

Laite analyysin suorittamiseksi

Fuse link with a strip-type fusible element having delayed time-current characteristic

Wkładka topikowa z topikiem paskowym o zwłocznej charakterystyce czasowo-prądowej

W kładka topikowa z topikiem paskowym, o zwłocznej charakterystyce czasowoprądow ej, z taśmy m iedzianej, w którym miejsce przeciążeniowe usytuowane w pobliżu środka długości topika, utworzone jest przez przewężeniowe mostki grzejne powstałe przez wykrojenie w taśmie otworów kształtowych, których dwie krawędzie są równoległe do wzdłużnej osi topika, a trzecia jest do tej osi prostopadła oraz naniesioną na topik paskowy ścieżkę stopu aktywnego, znamienna tym, że ścieżka (3) stopu aktywnego usytuow ana jest stycznie do krawędzi (5) otworu kształtowego (2), a na szerokości a przeciążeniowych m ostków grzejnych (1) stop aktywny ścieżki (3) pokrywa ich powierzchnię na długości b wynoszącej od 0,2 do 1,5 szerokości a.

Menetelmä nestemuodossa olevan polymeerin tarkkailemiseksi

Method for monitoring of polymer in liquid state

In a method for monitoring of polymer in a liquid state, such as a polymer melt or resin, to detect inhomogeneities therein, such as the presence of other phase objects, especially gels in a matrix formed of the liquid state, the polymer in a liquid state flowing past an inspection point is monitored. At the inspection point, electromagnetic radiation in the form of UV light or polarised electromagnetic radiation is passed through the flow chamber (1) and received by a detector (8), and the absorption of the UV light or the changes in the state of polarisation of the electromagnetic radiation caused by the inhomogeneities are used to observe them.

Method for monitoring of polymer in liquid state

In a method for monitoring of polymer in a liquid state, such as a polymer melt or resin, to detect inhomogeneities therein, such as the presence of other phase objects, especially gels in a matrix formed of the liquid state, the polymer in a liquid state flowing past an inspection point is monitored. At the inspection point, electromagnetic radiation in the form of UV light or polarised electromagnetic radiation is passed through the flow chamber (1) and received by a detector (8), and the absorption of the UV light or the changes in the state of polarisation of the electromagnetic radiation caused by the inhomogeneities are used to observe them.

Vykljuchatel' s predokhranitelem