Amplifier calibration methods and circuits

An amplifier calibration system has a calibration controller, a comparator coupled between an amplifier to be tested and the calibration controller, and an analog test signal generator driven by the calibration controller and coupled to the amplifier input. The system applies a cycle of analog tests to the amplifier input. The cycle has an upward path and a downward path. The upward path includes three signal levels: lowest, medium low, and medium high. The downward path includes: highest, medium high, and medium low. The comparator determines successive polarities of the amplifier's responses to the cycle of analog tests. Based on the polarities, the system determines amplifier characteristics, and calibrates amplifier parameters to change the amplifier characteristics to desired values. Characteristics may include hysteresis, offset, input range values, and other amplifier specifications.

Delay fabric apparatus and delay line

A fabric for delaying digital signals in continuous time has an array of node filters. Inputs of filters in the first column are inputs of the fabric. A node filter has a delay element and a cross-coupling element, whose output signals are added or subtracted to form an output signal of the filter. A node filter in a row is concatenated to the previous filter in the row through its delay element. Inputs of cross-coupling elements are connected to other rows of the array. Outputs of node filters form the outputs of the fabric. Delay times of delay elements and cross-coupling elements are nominally equal. Drive strengths of cross-coupling elements may be lower than drive strengths of delay elements. A delay line is constructed by combining a phase generator and a fabric, where the phase generator splits a digital input signal in multiple incrementally delayed versions for the fabric inputs.

High-Speed Clocked Comparators

A comparator circuit has a sense amplifier with a differential pair, a voltage excursion limiter, and a switch. The differential pair receives two analog input signals. Its differential outputs operate at a common mode voltage approximately half the supply voltage. The voltage limiter is coupled with one of the differential pair outputs. A capacitor may store comparison results. The switch energizes the differential pair and the voltage excursion limiter during a first phase of a clock, and de-energizes them during a second phase of the clock. During this phase, the comparator may provide the stored comparison result to an amplifier with positive feedback. 1. A method for accurately comparing levels of first and second analog signals at a high-speed comprising:(a) receiving the first analog signal on a first input of a differential pair of transistors and the second analog signal on a second input of the differential pair; (i) enabling an amplifier stage with positive feedback;', '(ii) comparing the levels of the first and second analog signals in the differential pair to obtain a differential comparison result;', '(iii) forwarding the differential comparison result to the amplifier stage with positive feedback;', '(iv) in the amplifier stage with positive feedback, amplifying the differential comparison result to generate with high speed a differential output signal that indicates which of the first and second analog signals has a higher level; and, '(b) during a first phase of a clock signal (i) disabling the amplifier stage with positive feedback;', '(ii) short-circuiting the differential comparison result; and', '(iii) short-circuiting the differential output signal., '(c) during a second phase of the clock signal2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising coupling the short-circuited differential comparison result with one of a supply voltage and a ground reference voltage during the second phase of the clock signal.3. The method of claim 1 , further ...

Regulator Circuits and Methods

A voltage or current regulator has a power DAC and ADC in a negative feedback loop, locked to a reference voltage or current. The ADC may have one or more parallel comparators followed by one or more parallel filters. The regulator may include a multiplexer to select between filter output signals and to forward the selected signal to the power DAC. The regulator may receive power management mode control codes to modify filter behavior and/or to select between multiple parallel filters. By modifying the loop behavior, the regulator is able to swiftly change between power management modes supporting different power level and noise profiles. Regulators with a single comparator can lock the output to a single reference voltage or current. Regulators with two comparators can regulate the output to vary within a range limited by an upper and a lower reference voltage or current.

Delay Line

A delay line is constructed by combining a phase generator and a fabric. The phase generator splits a digital input signal in multiple incrementally delayed versions, which are input to the fabric. The fabric has an array of node filters. Inputs of filters in the first array column are inputs of the fabric. A node filter has a delay element and a cross-coupling element, whose output signals are added or subtracted to form a filter output signal. A node filter in a row is concatenated to the previous filter in the row through its delay element. Inputs of cross-coupling elements are connected to other array rows. Outputs of node filters form the outputs of the fabric. Delay times of delay elements and cross-coupling elements are nominally equal. Drive strengths of cross-coupling elements may be lower than drive strengths of delay elements.

METHODS FOR TREATING DEGENERATIVE DISEASES/INJURIES

Invented is a method of treating degenerative diseases/injuries, in a mammal, including a human, in need thereof which comprises the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist to such mammal. 1. An in vitro or ex vivo method of enhancing the differentation of t lood components in human fetal cord blood into functional cells which method comprises the addition of an effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist selected from:3′-{N′-[1-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2′-hydroxybiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and3-{N′-[1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2-hydroxy-3′-tetrazol-5-ylbiphenyl,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;to a culture medium containing human fetal cord blood;followed by optional isolation of the functional cells.2. The method of wherein progenitor cells are enhanced.3. A method of transfusing human fetal cord blood which method comprises the addition of an effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist selected from:3′-{N′-[1-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2′-hydroxybiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and3-{N′-[1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2-hydroxy-3′-tetrazol-5-ylbiphenyl,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;to a patient receiving human fetal cord blood. This invention relates to non-peptide thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonists and their use in the treatment of degenerative diseases/injuries.Thrombopoietin (TPO) has been shown to be the main humoral regulator in situations involving thrombocytopenia. See, e.g., Metcalf Nature 369:519-520 (1994). TPO has been shown in several studies to increase platelet counts, increase platelet size, and increase isotope incorporation into platelets of recipient animals. ...

Method of treating viral diseases with combinations of TPO receptor agonist and anti-viral agents

Invented is a method of treating viral diseases, particularly hepatitis C, in a human, in need thereof which comprises the administration of a combination of therapeutically active agents selected from a TPO receptor agonist and an antiviral therapy selected from: an alpha interferon, ribavirin, a ribavirin analog and an HCV antiviral to such human. 1. A method of treating viral diseases in a human in need thereof which comprises the in vivo administration of a TPO receptor agonist and an antiviral therapy selected from: an alpha interferon , ribavirin , a ribavirin analog and an HCV antiviral , and optional further active agents to such human.2. The method of wherein the TPO receptor agonist is a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist and the antiviral therapy is an alpha interferon.3. (canceled)4. The method of wherein the viral disease is hepatitis C.512-. (canceled)13. The method of wherein the non-peptide TPO receptor agonist is 3′-{N′-[1-(3 claim 4 ,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1 claim 4 ,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2′-hydroxybiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid bis-(monoethanolamine).14. The method of wherein the alpha interferon is peginterferon alfa-2a.15. The method of wherein the alpha interferon is peginterferon alfa-2b.16. The method of further comprising co-administering a therapeutically effective amount of Ribavirin.17. The method of further comprising co-administering a therapeutically effective amount of Ribavirin.20. The method of wherein the TPO receptor agonist is AMG 531.21. The method of wherein the alpha interferon is peginterferon alfa-2a.22. The method of wherein the alpha interferon is peginterferon alfa-2b.23. The method of further comprising co-administering a therapeutically effective amount of Ribavirin.24. The method of further comprising co-administering a therapeutically effective amount of Ribavirin.25. The method of wherein the alpha interferon is peginterferon alfa-2a.26. The method of wherein the alpha interferon is peginterferon ...

Methods of Administration of Thrombopoietin Agonist Compounds

The embodiments provide methods of administering a high dose or a loading dose of a TPO modulator to a subject. The embodiments further provide methods of treating thrombocytopenia and/or neutropenia in a subject. Additionally, the embodiments further provide methods of increasing platelet production and/or enhancing the number of peripheral blood stem cells in a subject. 1. A method of treating thrombocytopenia in a human in need thereof which comprises administering a load dose of the compound 3′-[(2Z)-[1-(3 ,4-dimethylphenyl)-1 ,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino]-2′-hydroxy-[1 ,1′-biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof ,wherein the load dose of the compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is an amount ranging from about 50 mg to about 150 mg administered from 2 to 4 times in a day for from 1 to 14 days, or is an amount ranging from about 200 mg to about 600 mg administered once a day for from 1 to 14 days,followed by the administration of a maintenance dose of the compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,wherein the maintenance dose of the compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is an amount of from about 25 mg to about 150 mg a day for at least two additional days.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is 3′-[(2Z)-[1-(3 claim 1 ,4-dimethylphenyl)-1 claim 1 ,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino]-2′-hydroxy-[1 claim 1 ,1′-biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid bis-(monoethanolamine).3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the load dose for the compound is an amount ranging from about 200 mg to about 600 mg administered once a day for from 1 to 7 days.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the maintenance dose of the compound is an amount of about 50 mg.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the maintenance dose of the compound is an amount of about 75 mg.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the maintenance dose of the compound is an amount of about 150 mg.7. A ...

Educational Support System

A system to integrate all aspect to the operation and administration of an educational institution, including customized interfaces for different classes of users, allowing differing levels of access and functionality, including, teachers, parents, students, administrators, secretaries, and school nurses. 1. A system for supporting educational institutions , comprising:one or more computers;one or more databases, store on permanent storage accessible by said one or more computers; a log-on facility, allowing users to input user names and passwords, and presenting users with an interface customized to the type of user;', 'a teacher interface, for allowing teachers to enter grades and progress reports for students and to create, edit and post assignments and to receive assignments from students;', 'a parent interface, allowing parents view progress reports and assignments of their students;', 'a student interface, allowing students to view grades and progress reports and to view and turn in assignments; and', 'an administration interface, allowing administrators to add and edit teacher and student information and to assign students and teachers to classes., 'software, running on said one or more computers for providing access to information stored in said databases, said software providing2. The system of wherein said software further comprises:a secretary interface allowing secretaries to view student and teacher information and to track student and teacher attendance.3. The system of wherein said software further comprises:a nurse interface allowing a school nurse to access student medical information and to log medical incidents.4. The system of wherein said parent and teacher interfaces allows communication therebetween.5. The system of wherein said parent interface allows patents to access the daily schedule of their students.6. The system of wherein said parent interface allows patents to access the lunch account of their students.7. The system of wherein said ...

Methods For Treating Degenerative Diseases/Injuries

Invented is a method of treating cardiovascular disease/injury, in a mammal, including a human, in need thereof which comprises the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist to such mammal. 2. A method according to wherein the compound is 3′-{N′-[1-(3 claim 1 ,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1 claim 1 ,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2′-hydroxybiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.3. A method according to wherein the compound is 3′-{N′-[1-(3 claim 1 ,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1 claim 1 ,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2′-hydroxybiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid bis-(monoethanolamine).4. A method according to wherein the cardiovascular disease is myocardial infarction.5. A method according to wherein the human is in need of treatment for repair of cardiovascular tissue.6. A method according to wherein the human is in need of tissue reparation for cardiovascular disorders.7. A method according to wherein the cardiovascular disorder occurred during cardiac bypass surgery.8. A method according to wherein the cardiovascular disorder occurred during heart surgery.9. A method according to wherein the heart surgery was heart transplant surgery.10. A method according to wherein the compound is administered prior to heart surgery.11. A method according to wherein the compound is administered orally.12. A method according to wherein the compound is administered parenterally.13. A method according to wherein the compound is administered in tablet form.14. A method according to wherein the cardiovascular disease is due to viral claim 3 , fungal claim 3 , microbial or parasitic infection.15. A method according to wherein the cardiovascular disease is due to surgical procedures.16. A method according to wherein the cardiovascular disease is due to treatment with antiviral or antibiotic agents.17. A method according to wherein the tablet contains an amount from 0.05 to 3500 mg of active ...

THROMBOPOIETIN MIMETICS

Invented are non-peptide TPO mimetics. Also invented are novel processes and intermediates used in the preparation of the presently invented compounds. Also invented is a method of treating thrombocytopenia, in a mammal, including a human, in need thereof which comprises administering to such mammal an effective amount of a selected hydroxy-1-azobenzene derivative. 150-. (canceled)52. The method of wherein Q is —COOH claim 51 , which is the compound 3′-{N′-[1-(3 claim 51 ,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1 claim 51 ,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2′-hydroxybiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.53. The method of wherein Q is tetrazol-5-yl claim 51 , which is the compound 3-{N′-[1-(3 claim 51 ,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1 claim 51 ,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2-hydroxy-3′-tetrazol-5-ylbiphenyl or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.54. The method of wherein the compound is administered orally.55. The method of wherein the compound is administered parenterally.56. The method of further comprising co-administering a therapeutically effective amount of an agent selected from the group consisting of: a colony stimulating factor claim 51 , cytokine claim 51 , chemokine and an interleukin or cytokine receptor agonist or antagonist.57. The method of wherein the agent is selected from the group consisting of: G-CSF claim 56 , GM-CSF claim 56 , TPO claim 56 , M-CSF claim 56 , EPO claim 56 , Gro-beta claim 56 , IL-11 claim 56 , SCF claim 56 , FLT3 ligand claim 56 , LIF claim 56 , IL-3 claim 56 , IL-6 claim 56 , IL-1 claim 56 , NESP claim 56 , SD-01 claim 56 , IL-8 and IL-5.59. The method of wherein Q is —COOH claim 58 , which is the compound 3′-{N′-[1-(3 claim 58 ,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1 claim 58 ,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2′-hydroxybiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.60. The method of wherein Q is tetrazol-5-yl claim 58 , which is the compound 3-{N′-[1-( ...

Methods for Treating Degenerative Diseases/Injuries

Invented is a method of treating degenerative diseases/injuries, in a mammal, including a human, in need thereof which comprises the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist to such mammal. 1. An in vitro or ex vivo method of enhancing the differentiation of blood components in human fetal cord blood into functional cells which method comprises the addition of an effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist selected from:3′-{N′-[1-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2′-hydroxybiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and3-{N′-[1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2-hydroxy-3′-tetrazol-5-ylbiphenyl,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;to a culture medium containing human fetal cord blood;followed by optional isolation of the functional cells.2. The method of wherein progenitor cells are enhanced.3. A method of transfusing human fetal cord blood which method comprises the addition of an effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist selected from:3′-{N′-[1-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2′-hydroxybiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and3-{N′-[1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2-hydroxy-3′-tetrazol-5-ylbiphenyl,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;to a patient receiving human fetal cord blood. This application is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/496,867 which was filed on Jul. 2, 2009, which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/474,560, filed on May 29, 2009, which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/554,811, filed on Nov. 10, 2006, which is a 371 of International Application No. PCT/US2004/013468 filed Apr. 29, 2004, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 60/556,390 ...

METHODS FOR TREATING DEGENERATIVE DISEASES/INJURIES

Invented is a method of treating cardiovascular disease/injury, in a mammal, including a human, in need thereof which comprises the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist to such mammal. 1. A method of treating a degenerative disease/injury in a mammal in need thereof which comprises the in vivo administration of a therapeutically effective amount of 3′-{N′-[1-(3 ,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1 ,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2′-hydroxybiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; to such mammal.2. The method of wherein the mammal is a human.3. The method of wherein the degenerative disease/injury is selected from:transverse myelitis, multiple sclerosis, demyelination occurring after trauma to the brain or spinal cord, acute brain injury, head trauma, spinal cord injury, peripheral nerve injury, ischaemic brain injury, hereditary myelin disorder of the CNS, epilepsy, perinatal asphxia, asphyxia, anoxia, status epilepticus, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington's disease, baldness, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cardiovascular disorder, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, gastrointestinal disease, kidney disease, flesh wounds, age damaged cells, age damaged tissues, lupus, diabetes and diabetes mellitus.4. The method of wherein the degenerative disease/injury is selected from:osteoporosis, glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis, Paget's disease, abnormally increased bone turnover, periodontal disease, gingivitis, tooth loss, bone fractures, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, periprosthetic osteolysis, osteogenesis imperfecta and metastatic bone disease.5. The method of wherein the degenerative disease/injury is selected from:macular degeneration, dry eye syndrome, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, vitreous disease and retinal degeneration.6. The method of wherein the degenerative disease/injury is AIDS.7. The ...

METHODS FOR TREATING DEGENERATIVE DISEASES/INJURIES

Invented is a method of treating degenerative diseases/injuries, in a mammal, including a human, in need thereof which comprises the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist to such mammal. 1. An in vitro or ex vivo method of enhancing the differentation of blood components in human fetal cord blood into functional cells which method comprises the addition of an effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist selected from:3′-{N′-[1-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2′-hydroxybiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and3-{N′-[1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2-hydroxy-3′-tetrazol-5-ylbiphenyl,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;to a culture medium containing human fetal cord blood;followed by optional isolation of the functional cells.2. The method of wherein progenitor cells are enhanced.3. A method of transfusing human fetal cord blood which method comprises the addition of an effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist selected from:3′-{N′-[1-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2′-hydroxybiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and3-{N′-[1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2-hydroxy-3′-tetrazol-5-ylbiphenyl,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;to a patient receiving human fetal cord blood. This invention relates to non-peptide tbrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonists and their use in the treatment of degenerative diseases/injuries.Thrombopoietin (TPO) has been shown to be the main humoral regulator in situations involving thrombocytopenia. See, e.g., Metcalf Nature 389:519-520 (1994). TPO has been shown in several studies to increase platelet counts, increase platelet size, and increase isotope incorporation into platelets of recipient animals. ...

Systems, methods, and computer programs, for analyzing images of a portion of a person to detect a severity of a medical condition

Methods, systems, and computer programs for monitoring skin condition of a person. In one aspect, a method can include obtaining data representing a first image, the first image depicting skin from at least a portion of a body of a person, generating a severity score that indicates a likelihood that the person is trending towards an increased severity of an auto-immune condition or trending towards a decreased severity of an auto-immune condition, comparing, the severity score to a historical severity score, wherein the historical severity score is indicative of a likelihood that a historical image of the user depicts skin of a person having the auto-immune condition, and determining based on the comparison, whether the person is trending towards an increased severity of the auto-immune condition or trending towards a decreased severity of the auto-immune condition.

Transconductance Amplifier

A transconductance amplifier has a pair of input terminals and a pair of output terminals. A first pair of transconductors is connected to the input terminals and the output terminals. A second pair of transconductors has inputs connected to output terminals, and outputs connected to the opposing output terminals. A third pair of transconductors has both its inputs and its outputs connected to the output terminals. One or more of the transconductors have a control port for a control signal to adjust its transconductance. The control signal may switch the transconductance of this or these transconductors between two or more values. One or more of the transconductors in the transconductance amplifier may include a tri-state inverter, which may be enabled or disabled through a control port. 1. A transconductance amplifier comprising:a pair of input terminals for receiving an input signal;a pair of output terminals for providing an output signal; an input port electrically coupled with a respective one of the pair of input terminals; and', 'an output port electrically coupled with a respective one of the pair of output terminals;, 'a first pair of transconductors each comprising an input port electrically coupled with a respective one of the pair of output terminals; and', 'an output port electrically coupled with the other of the pair of output terminals;, 'a second pair of transconductors each comprising an input port; and', 'an output port electrically coupled with its input port and also with a respective one of the pair of output terminals,, 'a third pair of transconductors each comprisingwherein at least one of the transconductors includes a control port, different from a power supply port, wherein the control port is configured to receive a control signal for adjusting a transconductance of the at least one of the transconductors.2. The transconductance amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of the transconductors includes a transconductance element of ...

Digital-to-Analog Converter

An apparatus and method for digital-to-analog conversion. A digital-to-analog converter includes a sampler for resampling a digital signal and a DAC array. The DAC array includes a sequencer, a unit element activator, and an array of one-bit DACs (unit elements). The unit elements are activated in a cyclical sequence, based on the resampled digital signal. Unit elements in the sequence may be skipped, based on a disruption probability. The disruption probability may be determined randomly, or pseudo-randomly. Output signals of the unit elements are summed or averaged to form an analog signal. The converter may include a filter to filter the analog signal.

METHODS OF TREATING DEGENERATIVE DISEASES/INJURIES

Invented is a method of treating degenerative diseases/injuries, in a mammal, including a human, in need thereof which comprises the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist to such mammal. 1. An in vitro or ex vivo method of enhancing the differentation of blood components in human fetal cord blood into functional cells which method comprises the addition of an effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist selected from:3′-{N′-[1-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2′-hydroxybiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and3-{N′-[1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2-hydroxy-3′-tetrazol-5-ylbiphenyl,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;to a culture medium containing human fetal cord blood;followed by optional isolation of the functional cells.2. The method of wherein progenitor cells are enhanced.3. A method of transfusing human fetal cord blood which method comprises the addition of an effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist selected from:3′-{N′-[1-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2′-hydroxybiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and3-{N′-[1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2-hydroxy-3′-tetrazol-5-ylbiphenyl,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:to a patient receiving human fetal cord blood.4. An in vitro or ex vivo method of enhancing the differentation of embryonic stem cells into functional cells which method comprises the addition of an effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist selected from:3′-{N′-[1-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2′-hydroxybiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and3-{N′-[1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4- ...

Delay Fabric Apparatus and Delay Line

A fabric for delaying digital signals in continuous time has an array of node filters. Inputs of filters in the first column are inputs of the fabric. A node filter has a delay element and a cross-coupling element, whose output signals are added or subtracted to form an output signal of the filter. A node filter in a row is concatenated to the previous filter in the row through its delay element. Inputs of cross-coupling elements are connected to other rows of the array. Outputs of node filters form the outputs of the fabric. Delay times of delay elements and cross-coupling elements are nominally equal. Drive strengths of cross-coupling elements may be lower than drive strengths of delay elements. A delay line is constructed by combining a phase generator and a fabric, where the phase generator splits a digital input signal in multiple incrementally delayed versions for the fabric inputs. 1. A delay fabric for delaying digital signals in continuous time , comprising: a node filter comprises a delay element and a cross-coupling element;', 'a first input of the node filter is electrically coupled with an input of the delay element;', 'a second input of the node filter is electrically coupled with an input of the cross-coupling element;', 'output signals of the delay element and the cross-coupling element are added to or subtracted from each other to form an output signal of the node filter;', 'an output of a first prior node filter is electrically coupled with the first input of the node filter;', 'an output of a second prior node filter is electrically coupled with the second input of the node filter; and', 'an output of the node filter, carrying the output signal, is electrically coupled to an output of the delay fabric., 'an array of node filters, wherein2. The delay fabric of claim 1 , wherein the delay element and the cross-coupling element have a nominally equal delay time.3. The delay fabric of claim 1 , wherein the cross-coupling element has a lower drive ...

Hitless Switching Phase-Locked Loop

A PLL includes an oscillator, multiple time-to-digital converters (TDCs) and a system for the remaining functionality. The TDCs measure the oscillator's phase against respective multiple reference clocks. The system compares the respective measured phases with respective desired phases to obtain phase error signals. One is selected to close the loop. The others are monitored and adjusted when not equal to zero. When a new reference clock must be used, the loop is changed from including the old phase error signal to the new. The old phase error was zero because the loop was in lock, the new phase error is zero because it was monitored and adjusted. Therefore, upon switching the loop from the old to the new phase error signal, the loop remains locked and switching is hitless. 1. A hitless-switching phase-locked loop (PLL) , comprising:an oscillator with an output having an output signal with a first frequency, where the first frequency is controllable by a first control parameter;a first time-to-digital converter (TDC) with a first input coupled to a first reference clock input of the PLL, a second input coupled to the oscillator output, and an output register capable of holding a first measured phase value;a second TDC with a first input coupled to a second reference clock input of the PLL, a second input coupled to the oscillator output, and an output register capable of holding a second measured phase value; calculating a first desired phase value by integrating a first parameter indicating a first desired frequency multiplication factor;', 'calculating a second desired phase value by integrating a second parameter indicating a second desired frequency multiplication factor;', 'comparing the first measured phase value with the first desired phase value to obtain a first phase error signal;', 'comparing the second measured phase value with the second desired phase value to obtain a second phase error signal;', 'selecting the first phase error signal;', 'filtering ...

Phase-Locked Loop Apparatus and Method

A PLL includes an oscillator, a time-to-digital converter (TDC) and a system for the remaining functionality. The TDC measures the oscillator's phase against a reference clock. The measured phase has an integer part obtained from a modulus-K counter, and a fractional part measured by a fine TDC. The system compares the measured phase with a desired phase, and filters it to obtain a parameter that controls the oscillator frequency. The TDC may also include a synchronization block to align the fine TDC and a pulse hider to reduce the power used by the fine TDC. The system may include an integrator to calculate the integer part of the desired phase, a second integrator to calculate the fractional part, and an interpolator for an even finer fraction. A method to obtain fast lock includes using the phase error rate of change to control the oscillator frequency. 1. A low-power fractional-N phase-locked loop (PLL) , comprising:an oscillator with an output, the oscillator capable of oscillating at a first frequency, where the first frequency is controllable by at least a first control parameter;a time-to-digital converter (TDC) with a first input coupled to a reference clock input of the PLL, a second input coupled to the oscillator output, and an output register capable of holding a measured phase value, the TDC comprising a fine TDC with an input coupled with the second TDC input, the fine TDC being configured for measuring a fractional component of a phase of an oscillator signal at the second TDC input; anda system configured for comparing the measured phase value with a desired phase value to obtain a phase error signal, and for filtering the phase error to obtain a first control parameter signal for the oscillator.2. The PLL of claim 1 , wherein the TDC further comprises:a modulus-K counter coupled with the second TDC input, the modulus-K counter configured for measuring an integer component of the phase of the oscillator signal at the second TDC input, and a K-value ...

Fractional-N PLL with Sleep Modes

A phase-locked loop (PLL) has an oscillator, a counter and a register to sample the oscillator phase as an integer number. A phase predictor uses a fractional-N frequency control word (FCW) to calculate a predicted phase as an integer number. The integer difference between the sampled phase and the predicted phase is used as loop filter input, to generate an oscillator control signal that adjusts the oscillator frequency. The phase predictor may provide noise shaping, for example via a MASH modulator. A first sleep mode control signal blocks a reference clock and feedback of the oscillator clock to the counter. It may also freeze loop filter parameters and block the output clock. A second sleep mode control signal may stop the oscillator. 1. A fractional-N PLL for maintaining phase lock over a sleep period , the PLL comprising:a controlled oscillator configured to produce an oscillator signal at an oscillator output;a first gate with a first input coupled with the oscillator output and a second input configured for receiving a first sleep mode control signal, and with an output coupled with a PLL output, wherein the first gate is configured to pass the oscillator signal to the PLL output as a gated output clock signal when the first sleep mode control signal is not asserted, and to block the oscillator signal when the first sleep mode control signal is asserted;a modulo-K counter with an input coupled with the first gate output;a register with a first input coupled with the modulo-K counter and a second input configured for receiving a gated reference clock signal;a fractional phase predictor with a first input configured for receiving the gated reference clock signal, wherein the fractional phase predictor is configured to calculate a predicted phase upon receiving a gated reference clock signal, and wherein the predicted phase includes an integer number and is based on a rational number frequency control word (FCW);a second gate with a first input configured to ...

Low-Power Fractional-N PLLs

A phase-locked loop (PLL) has an oscillator, a counter and a register to sample the oscillator phase as an integer number. A phase predictor uses a fractional-N frequency control word (FCW) to calculate a predicted phase as an integer number. The integer difference between the sampled phase and the predicted phase is used as loop filter input, to generate an oscillator control code that adjusts the oscillator frequency. The phase predictor may provide noise shaping, for example via a MASH modulator. The PLL may be implemented with dedicated or off-the-shelf circuitry, in an FPGA, or with a programmable processor. A tangible non-transitory memory may hold an associated software instructions for fractional-N phase locking.

FRACTIONAL-N JITTER ATTENUATOR

A phase-locked loop (PLL) has a primary loop (with a reference clock) and a secondary loop (with a stable reference clock). The secondary loop may include a fractional-N PLL, and may include a secondary loop filter, oscillator, output clock counter, and phase predictor using a rational secondary frequency control word (FCW). The primary loop has a register sampling the oscillator phase from the counter, and a phase predictor which uses a primary fractional-N FCW to calculate a predicted phase as an integer number. The primary loop forwards the integer difference between the sampled phase and the predicted phase to a primary loop filter, which outputs the secondary FCW. The primary loop filter has a much lower bandwidth than the secondary loop filter. The PLL may have multiple primary loops, with a hitless switching function. A primary loop may have sleep mode. The PLL may also provide an oscillator sleep function. 1. A fractional-N jitter attenuator , comprising: (i) a primary counter with an input and an output, wherein the primary counter may include a modulo-K counter;', '(ii) a primary register with a first input coupled with the primary counter output and a second input configured for receiving a primary reference clock signal, wherein the primary register is configured to store a primary sampled phase from the primary counter output upon receiving a primary reference clock signal pulse;', '(iii) a primary fractional phase predictor with a first input configured for receiving the primary reference clock signal, wherein the primary fractional phase predictor is configured to calculate a primary predicted phase upon receiving a primary reference clock signal pulse, and wherein the primary predicted phase includes an integer number and is based on a rational number primary frequency control word (FCW);', '(iv) one of a primary subtractor and a primary adder, configured for calculating an integer number primary difference between the primary predicted phase and the ...

Multiple-Loop Fractional-N PLL with Hitless Switching

A phase-locked loop (PLL) has at least two parallel loops. The loops share an oscillator, a counter connected with the oscillator, a multiplexer, and a loop filter. Each loop has a register sampling the oscillator phase from the counter, and a phase predictor which uses a fractional-N frequency control word (FCW) to calculate a predicted phase as an integer number. The loop forwards the integer difference between the sampled phase and the predicted phase to the multiplexer, which selects one of the loops and provides the difference to the loop filter. Loops that are not selected use a monitor-and-adjust function to keep the difference in track with the difference of a selected loop. Loops may provide a loop sleep function and the PLL may also provide an oscillator sleep function.

Methods for Treating Degenerative Diseases/Injuries

Invented is a method of treating degenerative diseases/injuries, in a mammal, including a human, in need thereof which comprises the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist to such mammal. 1. An in vitro or ex vivo method of enhancing the differentation of blood components in human fetal cord blood into functional cells which method comprises the addition of an effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist selected from:3′-{N′-[1-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2′-hydroxybiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and3-{N′-[1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2-hydroxy-3′-tetrazol-5-ylbiphenyl,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;to a culture medium containing human fetal cord blood;followed by optional isolation of the functional cells.2. The method of wherein progenitor cells are enhanced.3. A method of transfusing human fetal cord blood which method comprises the addition of an effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist selected from:3′-{N′-[1-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2′-hydroxybiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and3-{N′-[1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2-hydroxy-3′-tetrazol-5-ylbiphenyl,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;to a patient receiving human fetal cord blood.4. An in vitro or ex vivo method of enhancing the differentation of embryonic stem cells into functional cells which method comprises the addition of an effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist selected from:3′-{N′-[1-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2′-hydroxybiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and3-{N′-[1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4- ...

Low-Power Sense Amplifier

A sense amplifier has a differential pair with two inputs and two outputs. The differential pair inputs can receive two analog input signals. The differential pair outputs are coupled with inputs of an amplifier with positive feedback, whose outputs are coupled with the sense amplifier outputs. Based on a clock signal, a first switch is configured for short circuiting an output signal on the sense amplifier output terminals. A second switch is configured for short circuiting a differential pair output signal. Third and fourth switches may short circuit the differential pair outputs to the supply voltage rail or the ground reference rail. The switches may include transistors, or transmission gates. The amplifier with positive feedback may include two cross-coupled inverters. 1. A method for accurately comparing levels of first and second analog signals at a high-speed comprising:(a) receiving the first analog signal on a first input of a differential pair of transistors and the second analog signal on a second input of the differential pair; (i) enabling an amplifier stage with positive feedback, wherein the amplifier stage with positive feedback includes differential inputs and differential outputs and wherein the differential inputs are not directly coupled to the differential outputs;', '(ii) comparing the levels of the first and second analog signals in the differential pair to obtain a differential comparison result;', '(iii) forwarding the differential comparison result to the amplifier stage with positive feedback;', '(iv) in the amplifier stage with positive feedback, amplifying the differential comparison result to generate with high speed a differential output signal that indicates which of the first and second analog signals has a higher level; and, '(b) during a first phase of a clock signal (i) disabling the amplifier stage with positive feedback;', '(ii) eliminating offsets by short-circuiting the differential comparison result; and', '(iii) reducing ...

Circuits and Methods for Lowering Leakage in Ultra-Low-Power MOS Integrated Circuits

A block of logic gates has MOS transistors whose body terminals are connected with a body voltage rail and whose source terminals are connected with a logic reference voltage rail. The logic reference voltage rail is connected to the body voltage rail via a resistor. The resistor creates a negative feedback loop for leakage currents that stabilizes a reverse body bias voltage and reduces the influence of temperature, voltage, and process variations. 1. A circuit for reducing leakage current comprising:a first metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistor of a first type, the first MOS transistor having a first source terminal and a first body terminal;a first impedance, including at least a first resistance value, the first impedance being directly coupled between the first source terminal and the first body terminal to create a first negative feedback loop for leakage currents, wherein the first negative feedback loop is capable of reducing an impact on leakage currents of variation of one or more parameters;a first body voltage rail, directly coupled to the first body terminal; anda first logic reference voltage rail, coupled with the first source terminal, wherein the first body voltage rail and the first logic reference voltage rail provide voltage levels that allow one or more other MOS transistors of the first type to operate with reduced leakage currents.2. The circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:a second MOS transistor of a second type, the second MOS transistor having a second source terminal and a second body terminal;a second impedance, including at least a second resistance value, the second impedance being directly coupled between the second source terminal and the second body terminal to create a second negative feedback loop for leakage currents, wherein the second negative feedback loop is capable of reducing an impact on leakage currents of the variation of the one or more parameters;a second body voltage rail, directly coupled to the second body ...

INJECTION LOCKED OSCILLATOR SYSTEM AND PROCESSES

The present disclosure relates to an injection locked oscillator system and processes and, more particularly, to structures and processes for generating an inductor-less frequency multiplier using injection locking and histogram calibration with a back-gate process. The structure includes injection locked oscillator (ILO) system which is structured to provide a local oscillator (LO) and a Digitally Controlled Oscillator (DCO) or Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) frequency which is not harmonically related by an integer multiple to an output frequency. 1. A structure comprising injection locked oscillator (ILO) system which is structured to provide a local oscillator (LO) and a Digitally Controlled Oscillator (DCO) or Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) frequency which is not harmonically related by an integer multiple to an output frequency.2. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the ILO system multiplies the DCO frequency by a non-integer.3. The structure of claim 2 , wherein the ILO system comprises an injection locked divider which utilizes a back gate voltage in fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) technologies.4. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the ILO system comprises two subsystems including (i) an input divider and (ii) an ILO calibration which tunes a frequency of an ILO by controlling an ILO regulator and an ILO back gate claim 1 , based on inputs from an ILO time to digital converter (TDC) and a calibration counter.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein a lowest frequency clock claim 4 , at an output of the input divider claim 4 , is distributed and higher speed clocks claim 4 , at an output of the ILO claim 4 , are generated locally at the ILO to minimize errors due to clock mismatch.6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the input divider divides a differential clock input to generate a differential output clock for injection into the ILO.7. The system of claim 4 , wherein:when no injection clock is supplied from the input divider, the ILO will free ...

Power-Saving Phase Accumulator

A PLL includes a controlled oscillator, a phase accumulator to measure the controlled oscillator output phase, a phase predictor to calculate the required output phase, and a phase subtractor to calculate the phase difference or phase error. The phase accumulator includes a fast counter and a low-power counter, and two sets of corresponding latches. The fast counter counts cycles of the controlled oscillator clock signal, and the low-power counter counts carry signals from the fast counter. The low-power counter represents one or more most significant bits of the integer part of the measured phase, and the fast counter represents the remaining bits. The phase accumulator may further include a delay line, second latches, and a delay line decoder to measure a fractional part of the phase. A calibration feedback loop may keep the number of delay line steps per output clock pulse known and stable.

Phase Accumulator with Improved Accuracy

A PLL includes a controlled oscillator, a phase accumulator to measure the controlled oscillator output phase, a phase predictor to calculate the required output phase, and a phase subtractor to calculate the phase difference or phase error. The phase accumulator includes a counter whose output sequence changes only one bit per counted controlled oscillator output cycle, such as a Gray counter. It further includes a register or latches, which sample(s) the counter output value upon receiving a reference clock pulse. The latches output value represents the measured phase. A binary encoder, such as a Gray-to-binary converter, may translate the measured phase to a binary number. The phase accumulator may further include a delay line, second latches, and a delay line decoder to measure a fractional part of the phase. A calibration feedback loop may keep the number of delay line steps per output clock pulse known and stable.

PLL with Phase Range Extension

Methods and circuits are provided for range extension of a phase-locked loop (PLL). The PLL uses a phase subtractor with a limited unextended range. It also includes first and second registers and combinatorial logic. The phase subtractor calculates the current phase difference. The first register stores the previous phase difference. The combinatorial logic determines, from the current phase difference and the previous phase difference, if a range excursion occurs, and if it is upward or downward. When an upward excursion occurs, the value in the second register is incremented. When a downward excursion occurs, the value of the second register is decremented. The bits in the second register are combined with the bits of the current phase difference to obtain an extended current phase difference.

PLL with Beat-Frequency Operation

A PLL has a controlled oscillator with a limited frequency range. It has a phase accumulator and a phase predictor whose ranges are limited to a value K related to their bit width. K is less than the ratio of the maximum output frequency and the minimum reference frequency. The PLL locks the output frequency to a value higher than the FCW times the reference frequency. The PLL includes a means for setting the output frequency to a target frequency before achieving final lock. The PLL may have a lock detector. After acquiring lock, the PLL may reduce the bit width and K value, for example by cutting power to or switching off some of the bits, or by switching off slow counters in a multi-counter system.

PLL with Lock-in Frequency Controller

A PLL has a frequency comparator that is active during lock-in. It outputs a signal related to the difference between the oscillator frequency and a target frequency. It captures an initial phase and observes change in phase relative to the initial phase. Two ways of capturing the initial phase are provided. The frequency comparator can provide input signals for the loop filter and make the PLL act as a frequency-locked loop during lock-in. Alternatively, it can provide input signals for a search controller that may perform a binary or other search. The frequency comparator may wait one or more cycles of the reference clock signal to reduce noise, or it may set a threshold to eliminate some noise. It may signal that the oscillator frequency equals the target frequency when the threshold has not been exceeded after a timeout. The search controller may directly or indirectly control the PLL's oscillator.

Novel Combinations

Invented is a method of treating viral diseases, particularly hepatitis C, in a human, in need thereof which comprises the administration of a combination of therapeutically active agents selected from a TPO receptor agonist and an antiviral therapy selected from: an alpha interferon, ribavirin, a ribavirin analog and an HCV antiviral to such human.

Methods of administration of thrombopoietin agonist compounds

The embodiments provide methods of administering a high dose or a loading dose of a TPO modulator to a subject. The embodiments further provide methods of treating thrombocytopenia and/or neutropenia in a subject. Additionally, the embodiments further provide methods of increasing platelet production and/or enhancing the number of peripheral blood stem cells in a subject.

Methods of Administration of Thrombopoietin Agonist Compounds

Methods for treating degenerative diseases/injuries

Invented is a method of treating cardiovascular disease/injury, in a mammal, including a human, in need thereof which comprises the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist to such mammal.

Thrombopoietin-mimetic

Thrombopoietin mimetics

Methods for treating degenerative diseases/injuries

Invented is a method of treating degenerative diseases/injuries, in a mammal, including a human, in need thereof which comprises the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist to such mammal.

Thrombopoietin mimetics

Thrombopoietin (TPO) mimetics and their use as promoters of thrombopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis are disclosed. Also disclosed are processes and intermediates used in the preparation of these compounds; a method of treating thrombocytopenia, in a mammal, including a human, in need thereof which comprises administering to such mammal an effective amount of a selected hydroxy-1-azobenzene derivative. (62) Divided out of 522474

Methods for treating degenerative diseases/injuries

Invented is a method of treating degenerative diseases/injuries, in a mammal, including a human, in need thereof which comprises the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a non-peptide TPO receptor agonist to such mammal.

Equalizer circuit, communication system, and method that is adaptive to varying launch amplitudes for reducing receiver error

A transmission line equalizer, communication system, and method are provided for adaptively compensating for changes in transmission path length and transmission path medium. Within the equalizer is a filter that exhibits a high pass characteristic and, more specifically, has an inverse frequency response to that of the transmission path. The inverse filter can include a pair of amplifier stages coupled in parallel, with a mixer chosen to adaptively select portions of one stage over than of the other. The dual stage inverse filter can, therefore, adapt to greater transmission path lengths and/or attenuation. A feedback architecture is used to set the inverse filter response by measuring the amplitude of a communication signal output from the inverse filter during periods of low frequency. A peak detector will capture a peak-to-peak voltage value during those periods, and adjust the output of the slicer to match a launch amplitude of the communication signal. The peak detector within the feedback architecture helps ensure the predicted amplitude matches the launch amplitude to minimize over-compensation or under-compensation even though a different integrator might register no difference in integrated voltage or energy at the output of the inverse filter compared to the output of the slicer.

High-speed clocked comparators

A comparator circuit has a sense amplifier with a differential pair, a voltage excursion limiter, and a switch. The differential pair receives two analog input signals. Its differential outputs operate at a common mode voltage approximately half the supply voltage. The voltage limiter is coupled with one of the differential pair outputs. A capacitor may store comparison results. The switch energizes the differential pair and the voltage excursion limiter during a first phase of a clock, and de-energizes them during a second phase of the clock. During this phase, the comparator may provide the stored comparison result to an amplifier with positive feedback.

Thrombopoietin mimetics

Thrombopoietin mimetics

Invented are non-peptide TPO mimetics. also invented is a method of treating thrombocytopenia, in a mammal, including a human, in need thereof which comprises administering to such mammal an effective amount of a selected substituted thiosemicarbazone derivative.

Thrombopoietin mimetics

Methods of administration of thrombopoietin agonist compounds

Oral health measurement clamping probe, system, and method

Devices, systems, and methods determine the health of oral objects by providing objective measurements using a detachable probe body. The detachable probe body may isolate reusable system components (including an electromagnetic signal detection, signal transmission, energy generation, and or energy transmitting components) from the oral cavity, optionally by encasing at least a portion of one or more of these components in a sheath or the like. A window of the probe body maintains sterile isolation and transmits electromagnetic energy to and/or signals from the oral object. Accuracy can be enhanced by a clamp or other structure for engaging a surface of the oral object so as to maintain a fixed alignment between the signal receiver and the oral object.

Thrombopoietin mimetics

Methods of administration of thrombopoietin agonist compounds

The embodiments provide methods of administering a high dose or a loading dose of a TPO modulator to a subject. The embodiments further provide methods of treating thrombocytopenia and/or neutropenia in a subject. Additionally, the embodiments further provide methods of increasing platelet production and/or enhancing the number of peripheral blood stem cells in a subject.

Thrombopoietin mimetics

Invented are non-peptide TPO mimetics. also invented is a method of treating thrombocytopenia, in a mammal, including a human, in need thereof which comprises administering to such mammal an effective amount of a selected substituted thiosemicarbazone derivative.

Thrombopoietin mimetics

Engine exhaust gas deflection system

Nozzles for discharging high velocity air are positioned on either side of an aircraft engine exhaust duct exit. High velocity air is discharged tangential to an outer surface of each nozzle and follows the contour thereof. The nozzles are positioned so that when the high velocity air separates from the outer surface of the respective nozzles, it flows outwardly relative to the aircraft's fuselage structure. The high velocity air from the nozzle closest to the aircraft's fuselage structure impinges on the exhaust gas stream, deflecting the stream away from the fuselage. The high velocity air from the nozzle furthest from the fuselage creates a low pressure area which deflects the exhaust gas stream away from the fuselage. In combination, the two nozzles deflect the exhaust gas stream away from the fuselage to a significant degree.

MICROSOFT THROMOPOYTINE

Εφευρεθέντα είναι μιμητικά ΤΡΟ μη-πεπτίδια. Επίσης, εφευρεθέντα είναι νέες μέθοδοι και ενδιάμεσα χρήσιμα στη παρασκευή των προσφάτως εφευρεθεισών ενώσεων. Επίσης, εφευρεθείσα είναι μία μέθοδος θεραπείας θρομβοκυτοπενίας σε ένα θηλαστικό, που συμπεριλαμβάνει έναν άνθρωπο που έχει ανάγκη αυτής, που περιλαμβάνει χορήγηση σε ένα τέτοιο θηλαστικό μιας αποτελεσματικής ποσότητας ενός επιλεγέντος παραγώγου υδροξυ-1 -αζοβενζολίου. Invented are TPO mimetic non-peptides. Also invented are new methods and intermediates useful in the preparation of recently invented compounds. Also invented is a method of treating thrombocytopenia in a mammal, comprising a human in need thereof, comprising administering to such a mammal an effective amount of a selected hydroxy-1-azobenzene derivative.

Thrombopoietin mimetics

Invented are non-peptide TPO mimetics. Also invented are novel processes and intermediates used in the preparation of the presently invented compounds. Also invented is a method of treating thrombocytopenia, in a mammal, including a human, in need thereof which comprises administering to such mammal an effective amount of a selected hydroxy-1-azobenzene derivative.

Systems, methods, and computer programs, for analyzing images of a portion of a person to detect a severity of a medical condition

Methods, systems, and computer programs for monitoring skin condition of a person. In one aspect, a method can include obtaining data representing a first image, the first image depicting skin from at least a portion of a body of a person, generating a severity score that indicates a likelihood that the person is trending towards an increased severity of an auto-immune condition or trending towards a decreased severity of an auto-immune condition, comparing, the severity score to a historical severity score, wherein the historical severity score is indicative of a likelihood that a historical image of the user depicts skin of a person having the auto-immune condition, and determining based on the comparison, whether the person is trending towards an increased severity of the auto-immune condition or trending towards a decreased severity of the auto-immune condition.

Μιμητικα θρομβοποιητινης

Μιμητικά ΤΡΟ μη-πεπτίδιο έχουν εφευρεθεί. Επίσης έχουν εφευρεθεί νέες μέθοδοι και ενδιάμεσα που χρησιμοποιούνται στην παρασκευή των προσφάτων εφευρεθεισών ενώσεων. Επίσης έχει εφευρεθεί μία μέθοδος για θεραπεία θρομβοκυτοπενίας σε ένα θηλαστικό που συμπεριλαμβάνει έναν άνθρωπο που έχει ανάγκη αυτής που περιλαμβάνει χορήγηση σε ένα τέτοιο θηλαστικό μιας αποτελεσματικής ποσότητος ενός επιλεγέντος παραγώγου υδροξυ-1-αζοβενζολίου.

Thrombopoietin-mimetika

Thrombopoietin-mimetika

Delay fabric apparatus and delay line

Delay line

A delay line is constructed by combining a phase generator and a fabric. The phase generator splits a digital input signal in multiple incrementally delayed versions, which are input to the fabric. The fabric has an array of node filters. Inputs of filters in the first array column are inputs of the fabric. A node filter has a delay element and a cross-coupling element, whose output signals are added or subtracted to form a filter output signal. A node filter in a row is concatenated to the previous filter in the row through its delay element. Inputs of cross-coupling elements are connected to other array rows. Outputs of node filters form the outputs of the fabric. Delay times of delay elements and cross-coupling elements are nominally equal. Drive strengths of cross-coupling elements may be lower than drive strengths of delay elements.

Systems, methods, and computer programs, for analyzing images of a portion of a person to detect a severity of a medical condition

Methods, systems, and computer programs for monitoring skin condition of a person. In one aspect, a method can include obtaining data representing a first image, the first image depicting skin from at least a portion of a body of a person, generating a severity score that indicates a likelihood that the person is trending towards an increased severity of an auto-immune condition or trending towards a decreased severity of an auto-immune condition, comparing, the severity score to a historical severity score, wherein the historical severity score is indicative of a likelihood that a historical image of the user depicts skin of a person having the auto-immune condition, and determining based on the comparison, whether the person is trending towards an increased severity of the auto-immune condition or trending towards a decreased severity of the auto-immune condition.

Systems, methods, and computer programs, for analyzing images of a portion of a person to detect a severity of a medical condition

Methods, systems, and computer programs for monitoring skin condition of a person. In one aspect, a method can include obtaining data representing a first image, the first image depicting skin from at least a portion of a body of a person, generating a severity score that indicates a likelihood that the person is trending towards an increased severity of an auto-immune condition or trending towards a decreased severity of an auto-immune condition, comparing, the severity score to a historical severity score, wherein the historical severity score is indicative of a likelihood that a historical image of the user depicts skin of a person having the auto-immune condition, and determining based on the comparison, whether the person is trending towards an increased severity of the auto-immune condition or trending towards a decreased severity of the auto-immune condition.

Systems, methods, and computer programs, for analyzing images of a portion of a person to detect a severity of a medical condition

Methods, systems, and computer programs for monitoring skin condition of a person. In one aspect, a method can include obtaining data representing a first image, the first image depicting skin from at least a portion of a body of a person, generating a severity score that indicates a likelihood that the person is trending towards an increased severity of an auto-immune condition or trending towards a decreased severity of an auto-immune condition, comparing, the severity score to a historical severity score, wherein the historical severity score is indicative of a likelihood that a historical image of the user depicts skin of a person having the auto-immune condition, and determining based on the comparison, whether the person is trending towards an increased severity of the auto-immune condition or trending towards a decreased severity of the auto-immune condition.

Fractional-N jitter attenuator

A phase-locked loop (PLL) has a primary loop (with a reference clock) and a secondary loop (with a stable reference clock). The secondary loop may include a fractional-N PLL, and may include a secondary loop filter, oscillator, output clock counter, and phase predictor using a rational secondary frequency control word (FCW). The primary loop has a register sampling the oscillator phase from the counter, and a phase predictor which uses a primary fractional-N FCW to calculate a predicted phase as an integer number. The primary loop forwards the integer difference between the sampled phase and the predicted phase to a primary loop filter, which outputs the secondary FCW. The primary loop filter has a much lower bandwidth than the secondary loop filter. The PLL may have multiple primary loops, with a hitless switching function. A primary loop may have sleep mode. The PLL may also provide an oscillator sleep function.