GRAVITY POWER AND DESALINATION TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM

A gravity power and desalination technology system is provided, including a heat storage apparatus, an inner tube portion, a hot-air and vapor generator, and venting holes, a corrugated tube portion, an outer tube portion, an updraft wind power generator, and an artificial hydro power generator. The heat storage apparatus is provided in a lower portion and configured. The inner tube portion has an inner vent portion inside and disposed vertically over the heat storage apparatus. The hot-air and vapor generator is disposed between the heat storage apparatus and the inner tube portion. The venting holes are bored through the inner tube portion obliquely outwards. The corrugated tube portion is provided on a top portion of the outer tube portion. The updraft wind power generator and the artificial hydro power generator are installed in the lower portions of the inner vent portion and the outer vent portion, respectively.

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR THE SPECIFIC INHIBITION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA

The invention is directed to compositions and methods for selectively reducing the expression of a gene product from a desired target gene in a cell, as well as for treating diseases caused by the expression of the gene. More particularly, the invention is directed to compositions that contain double stranded RNA (“dsRNA”), and methods for preparing them, that are capable of reducing the expression of target genes in eukaryotic cells. The dsRNA has a first oligonucleotide sequence that is between 25 and about 30 nucleotides in length and a second oligonucleotide sequence that anneals to the first sequence under biological conditions. In addition, a region of one of the sequences of the dsRNA having a sequence length of at least 19 nucleotides is sufficiently complementary to a nucleotide sequence of the RNA produced from the target gene to trigger the destruction of the target RNA by the RNAi machinery. 1. An isolated nucleic acid molecule capable of reducing expression of a target gene in a human comprising:a first oligonucleotide strand 25-30 nucleotides in length comprising RNA, a 3′ terminus and a 5′ terminus, anda second oligonucleotide strand at least 26 nucleotides in length comprising RNA, a 3′ terminus, and a 5′ terminus,wherein said second strand is annealed to said first strand under biological conditions to form a duplex region of at least 25 nucleotides in length,wherein the 5′ terminus of said second strand and the 3′ terminus of said first strand form a blunt end,wherein the 3′ terminus of said second strand comprises 1-4 single-stranded nucleotides,wherein said second oligonucleotide strand is sufficiently complementary to a target mRNA encoded by said target gene to reduce expression of said target gene when said nucleic acid molecule is introduced to a human,wherein said nucleic acid molecule reduces expression of said target gene.2. A method for reducing expression of a target gene in a human comprising:contacting a human with an isolated double ...

BIOMETRIC SENSOR AND BIOMETRIC ANALYSIS SYSTEM INCLUDING THE SAME

A biometric sensor that measures biometric information and a biometric analysis system including the biometric sensor are provided. The biometric sensor may include: a light source configured to emit light toward a region of interest of an object under examination, the light being diffused at the region of interest; a collimator that includes a though-hole and is configured to collimate the diffused light received from the region of interest; and a spectrometer configure to analyze the diffused light transmitted by the collimator. 1. A biometric sensor comprising:a light source configured to emit light toward a region of interest of an object under examination, the light being diffused at the region of interest;a collimator comprises a though-hole, the collimator being configured to collimate the diffused light received from the region of interest; anda spectrometer configured to analyze the diffused light transmitted by the collimator.2. The biometric sensor of claim 1 , further comprising a focus lens configured to control a focal distance of the emitted light.3. The biometric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the light emitted by the light source has a wavelength in a range from about 0.7 μm to about 2.5 μm.4. The biometric sensor of claim 1 , further comprising a focus lens claim 1 , wherein the light emitted by the light source is focused on the through-hole of the collimator by the focus lens.5. The biometric sensor of claim 1 , further comprising an optical path converter configured to control an optical path of the light emitted by the light source.6. The biometric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the collimator further comprises an opening via which the light emitted by the light source is incident on the region of interest.7. The biometric sensor of claim 6 , wherein the collimator is a compound parabolic concentrator type collimator.8. A biometric analysis system comprising:a light source configured to emit light toward a region of interest of an object under ...

BRAGG GRATING, AND SPECTROSCOPY DEVICE INCLUDING THE BRAGG GRATING

Provided are a Bragg grating and a spectroscopy device including the same. The Bragg grating is disposed at each of opposite ends of a resonator for reflecting light of a certain wavelength band and includes a core member extending from a waveguide of the resonator in a lengthwise direction of the waveguide; a plurality of first refractive members protruding from the core member and spaced apart from each other along the lengthwise direction; and a second refractive member filling spaces between the first refractive members and having a refractive index different from a refractive index of the first refractive members.

DUAL COUPLER DEVICE, SPECTROMETER INCLUDING THE DUAL COUPLER DEVICE, AND NON-INVASIVE BIOMETRIC SENSOR INCLUDING THE SPECTROMETER

Provided are a dual coupler device configured to receive lights of different polarization components, a spectrometer including the dual coupler device, and a non-invasive biometric sensor including the spectrometer. The dual coupler device may include, for example, a first coupler layer configured to receive a light of a first polarization component among incident lights. and a second coupler layer configured to receive a light of a second polarization component among the incident lights, wherein a polarization direction of the light of the first polarization component is perpendicular to a polarization direction of the light of the second polarization component. The first coupler layer and the second coupler layer may be spaced apart from each other and extended along a direction in which the light propagates in the first coupler layer and the second coupler layer.

DETERMINING A LOCATION OF A DISCONNECTED DEVICE

Described herein are techniques for determining a location of a disconnected device. In an example, a method includes instructing a first access point to sniff a wireless channel for probe request packets from disconnected devices, and instructing the first access point to send a distance-probing packet to a disconnected device after receiving a probe request packet from the disconnected device. The method further includes receiving, from the first access point, a MAC address of the disconnected device determined from the received probe request packet. After receiving the MAC address from the first access point, a group of access points is instructed to send distance-probing packets to the disconnected device. The method further includes receiving, from the first access point and the group of access points, time-of-flight measurements associated with the disconnected device. A location of the disconnected device can be determined using the time-of-flight measurements. 1. A method for determining a location of a disconnected device , comprising , by a processor:instructing a first access point to sniff a wireless channel for probe request packets from disconnected devices;instructing the first access point to send a distance-probing packet to a disconnected device after receiving a probe request packet from the disconnected device;receiving, from the first access point, a MAC address of the disconnected device determined from the received probe request packet;after receiving the MAC address from the first access point, instructing a group of access points to send distance-probing packets to the disconnected device;receiving, from the first access point and the group of access points, time-of-flight measurements associated with the disconnected device; anddetermining a location of the disconnected device using the time-of-flight measurements.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the processor is part of a location determination system.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein ...

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR THE SPECIFIC INHIBITION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA

The invention provides compositions and methods for selectively reducing the expression of a gene product from a desired target gene, as well as treating diseases caused by expression of the gene. The method involves introducing into the environment of a cell an amount of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) such that a sufficient portion of the dsRNA can enter the cytoplasm of the cell to cause a reduction in the expression of the target gene. The dsRNA has a first oligonucleotide sequence that is between 26 and about 30 nucleotides in length and a second oligonucleotide sequence that anneals to the first sequence under biological conditions. In addition, a region of one of the sequences of the dsRNA having a sequence length of from about 19 to about 23 nucleotides is complementary to a nucleotide sequence of the RNA produced from the target gene. 1. A formulation comprising an isolated double stranded nucleic acid, wherein said isolated double stranded nucleic acid comprises a first oligonucleotide strand comprising ribonucleotides and having a 5′ terminus and a 3′ terminus and a second oligonucleotide strand comprising ribonucleotides and having a 5′ terminus and a 3′ terminus and wherein said double stranded nucleic acid comprises blunt ends, wherein each of said first and said second strands consists of the same number of nucleotide residues and is 25-30 nucleotides, wherein the ultimate and penultimate residues of said 3′terminus of said first strand and the ultimate and penultimate residues of said 5′ terminus of said second strand form one or two mismatched base pairs, and wherein said second oligonucleotide strand is sufficiently complementary to a target RNA along at least 19 nucleotides of said second oligonucleotide strand length to reduce target gene expression when said double stranded nucleic acid is introduced into a mammalian cell, wherein said double stranded nucleic acid is present in an amount effective to reduce target gene expression when said double ...

HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM HAVING UNDERGROUND HEAT STORAGE APPARATUS

Disclosed herein is a hybrid renewable energy system having an underground heat storage apparatus. A solar collector is provided on or around a building structure and collects solar heat to heat a heat medium. A transfer pipe transfers the heat medium, heated by the solar collector, into the underground. The heat storage apparatus stores heat received from the heat medium and heats, using the stored heat, both cold water supplied from the building structure through a supply pipe and air supplied from an inlet duct. A return pipe returns the heat medium from the heat storage apparatus to the solar collector. An inlet pipe supplies hot water produced by the heat storage apparatus to the building structure. A connection duct supplies air heated by the heat storage apparatus into the building structure to heat the room of the building structure. 1. A hybrid renewable energy system , comprising:a solar collector provided on a building structure or in a vicinity of the building structure, the solar collector collecting solar heat to heat a heat medium that flows through a pipe conduit;a transfer pipe transferring the heat medium, heated by the solar collector, into an underground;a heat storage apparatus installed underground to store heat received from the heat medium transferred from the transfer pipe, the heat storage apparatus heating, using the stored heat, both cold water supplied from the building structure through a supply pipe and air supplied from an inlet duct;a return pipe returning the heat medium from the heat storage apparatus to the solar collector;an inlet pipe supplying hot water produced by the heat storage apparatus to the building structure; anda connection duct supplying air heated by the heat storage apparatus into the building structure to heat a room of the building structure,wherein the heat storage apparatus comprises:a housing installed in an installation hole formed underground, the housing having a predetermined space therein;an underground ...

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR THE SPECIFIC INHIBITION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA

The invention is directed to compositions and methods for selectively reducing the expression of a gene product from a desired target gene in a cell, as well as for treating diseases caused by the expression of the gene. More particularly, the invention is directed to compositions that contain double stranded RNA (“dsRNA”), and methods for preparing them, that are capable of reducing the expression of target genes in eukaryotic cells. The dsRNA has a first oligonucleotide sequence that is between 25 and about 30 nucleotides in length and a second oligonucleotide sequence that anneals to the first sequence under biological conditions. In addition, a region of one of the sequences of the dsRNA having a sequence length of at least 19 nucleotides is sufficiently complementary to a nucleotide sequence of the RNA produced from the target gene to trigger the destruction of the target RNA by the RNAi machinery. 1. A formulation comprising an isolated double stranded nucleic acid capable of reducing the expression of a target gene comprisinga first oligonucleotide strand that is 25-30 nucleotides in length and contains 1-3 DNA bases on the 3′ end of the first oligonucleotide strand; anda second oligonucleotide strand that is 25-30 nucleotides in length comprising an overhang domain and a primary domain wherein the overhang domain is comprised of modified RNA monomers and the primary domain is capable of hybridizing to the first oligonucleotide strand and is comprised of a combination of unmodified and modified monomers,wherein said second oligonucleotide strand is sufficiently complementary to a target RNA along at least 19 nucleotides of said second oligonucleotide strand length to reduce target gene expression when said double stranded nucleic acid is introduced into a mammalian cell, wherein said double stranded nucleic acid is present in said formulation in an amount effective to reduce target gene expression when said double stranded nucleic acid is introduced into a ...

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR THE SPECIFIC INHIBITION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA

The invention is directed to compositions and methods for selectively reducing the expression of a gene product from a desired target gene in a cell, as well as for treating diseases caused by the expression of the gene. More particularly, the invention is directed to compositions that contain double stranded RNA (“dsRNA”), and methods for preparing them, that are capable of reducing the expression of target genes in eukaryotic cells. The dsRNA has a first oligonucleotide sequence that is between 25 and about 30 nucleotides in length and a second oligonucleotide sequence that anneals to the first sequence under biological conditions. In addition, a region of one of the sequences of the dsRNA having a sequence length of at least 19 nucleotides is sufficiently complementary to a nucleotide sequence of the RNA produced from the target gene to trigger the destruction of the target RNA by the RNAi machinery. 1. A method for reducing expression of a target gene in a mammalian cell comprising:contacting a mammalian cell in vitro with an isolated double stranded nucleic acid in amount sufficient to reduce expression of a target gene in said cell, wherein said double stranded nucleic acid comprises RNA and comprises a first oligonucleotide strand having a 5′ terminus and a 3′ terminus and a second oligonucleotide strand having a 5′ terminus and a 3′ terminus, wherein said first strand has a length which is at least 25 and at most 30 nucleotides and wherein said second strand is 1-4 nucleotides longer at its 3′ terminus than said first strand and forms a base-paired blunt end at its 5′ terminus with said 3′ terminus of said first strand, wherein said double-stranded nucleic acid comprises a duplex region of at least 25 nucleotides in length, wherein said second oligonucleotide strand is sufficiently complementary to a target mRNA along at least 19 nucleotides of said second oligonucleotide strand length to reduce target gene expression when said double stranded nucleic acid ...

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR THE SPECIFIC INHIBITION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA

The invention provides compositions and methods for selectively reducing the expression of a gene product from a desired target gene, as well as treating diseases caused by expression of the gene. The method involves introducing into the environment of a cell an amount of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) such that a sufficient portion of the dsRNA can enter the cytoplasm of the cell to cause a reduction in the expression of the target gene. The dsRNA has a first oligonucleotide sequence that is between 26 and about 30 nucleotides in length and a second oligonucleotide sequence that anneals to the first sequence under biological conditions. In addition, a region of one of the sequences of the dsRNA having a sequence length of from about 19 to about 23 nucleotides is complementary to a nucleotide sequence of the RNA produced from the target gene. 1. A method for reducing expression of a target gene in a mammalian cell comprising: contacting a cell in vitro with an isolated double stranded nucleic acid in an amount sufficient to reduce expression of a target gene in said cell , wherein said double stranded nucleic acid comprises a first oligonucleotide strand comprising ribonucleotides and having a 5′ terminus and a 3′ terminus and a second oligonucleotide strand comprising ribonucleotides and having a 5′ terminus and a 3′ terminus and wherein said double stranded nucleic acid comprises blunt ends , wherein each of said first and said second strands consists of the same number of nucleotide residues and is 25-30 nucleotides , wherein the ultimate and penultimate residues of said 3′ terminus of said first strand and the ultimate and penultimate residues of said 5′ terminus of said second strand form one or two mismatched base pairs , and wherein said second oligonucleotide strand is sufficiently complementary to a target RNA along at least 19 nucleotides of said second oligonucleotide strand length to reduce target gene expression when said double stranded nucleic acid is ...

Mobile terminal and controlling method thereof

A mobile terminal and controlling method thereof are disclosed, which facilitates a terminal to be used in further consideration of user's convenience. The present invention includes receiving a call signal for requesting an establishment of a second session from a second counterpart via a wireless communication unit while a first session with a first counterpart is established and transmitting user data to the second counterpart using an available radio resource of a standby session for waiting for the establishment of the second session. Accordingly, if an incoming call is received from a different counterpart in the course of a call to a prescribed counterpart, a prescribed data is sent to the different counterpart to inform that the call cannot be connected.

SEMICONDUCTOR PACKAGE INCLUDING REDISTRIBUTED LAYER AND METHOD FOR FABRICATION THEREFOR

A semiconductor package is provided. The semiconductor package includes a redistribution layer, a semiconductor chip, solder balls, an interposer, an encapsulant layer, and an underfill layer. The semiconductor chip is electrically connected to the redistribution layer, and disposed on an upper surface of the redistribution layer. The solder balls are disposed on the upper surface of the redistribution layer spaced apart from the semiconductor chip and are electrically connected to the redistribution layer. The interposer is electrically connected to the solder balls, and is disposed on an upper surface of the solder balls. The encapsulant layer encapsulates the semiconductor chip and side surfaces of the redistribution layer under the interposer. The underfill layer fills a space between a lower surface of the interposer and an upper surface of the encapsulant layer. The encapsulant layer includes a side surface encapsulant region surrounding the side surfaces of the redistribution layer. 1. A semiconductor package comprising:a redistribution layer;a semiconductor chip electrically connected to the redistribution layer, and disposed on an upper surface of the redistribution layer;a plurality of solder balls disposed on the upper surface of the redistribution layer spaced apart from the semiconductor chip and electrically connected to the redistribution layer;an interposer electrically connected to the plurality of solder balls, and disposed on upper surfaces of the plurality of solder balls;an encapsulant layer encapsulating the semiconductor chip and side surfaces of the redistribution layer under the interposer; andan underfill layer filling a space between a lower surface of the interposer and an upper surface of the encapsulant layer,wherein the encapsulant layer includes a side surface encapsulant region surrounding the side surfaces of the redistribution layer.2. The semiconductor package of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in a vertical cross-section of the ...

DOUBLE-STRANDED AND SINGLE-STRANDED RNA MOLECULES WITH 5' TRIPHOSPHATES AND THEIR USE FOR INDUCING INTERFERON

Double-stranded and single-stranded RNA molecules, and their use in methods for inducing interferon are provided. The interferon induction provides anti-viral and other medically useful effects, such as anti-cancer effects. Also provided are methods for reducing or inhibiting interferon induction exhibited by such molecules, particularly siRNA and shRNA molecules produced in vitro. 18-. (canceled)9. A method of inducing an anti-cancer response in a cell , comprising introducing into a cell an effective amount of a siRNA molecule , wherein the siRNA molecule is double stranded , wherein the siRNA molecule has a 5′-triphosphate on each strand , wherein the siRNA molecule is targeted to a cancer gene , wherein the siRNA molecule induces interferon which mediates an anti-cancer response and wherein the siRNA molecule reduces expression of the targeted cancer gene.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein each strand of the siRNA molecule is produced in vitro by a phage polymerase.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the phage polymerase is T7 RNA polymerase. The present application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/347,833 filed on 6 Feb. 2006 which in turn is related to and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/649,537 filed on 4 Feb. 2005. Each application is incorporated herein by reference.The invention described herein was made with Government support under grant number HL074704 from NHLBI of the National Institutes of Health. Accordingly, the United States Government may have certain rights in this invention.The publications and other materials used herein to illuminate the background of the invention, and in particular, cases to provide additional details respecting the practice, are incorporated by reference, and for convenience are referenced in the following text by author and date and are listed alphabetically by author in the appended bibliography.The present invention relates to RNA molecules ...

DUAL COUPLER DEVICE, SPECTROMETER INCLUDING THE DUAL COUPLER DEVICE, AND NON-INVASIVE BIOMETRIC SENSOR INCLUDING THE SPECTROMETER

Provided are a dual coupler device configured to receive lights of different polarization components, a spectrometer including the dual coupler device, and a non-invasive biometric sensor including the spectrometer. The dual coupler device may include, for example, a first coupler layer configured to receive a light of a first polarization component among incident lights. and a second coupler layer configured to receive a light of a second polarization component among the incident lights, wherein a polarization direction of the light of the first polarization component is perpendicular to a polarization direction of the light of the second polarization component. The first coupler layer and the second coupler layer may be spaced apart from each other and extended along a direction in which the light propagates in the first coupler layer and the second coupler layer. 1. A dual coupler device comprising:a first coupler layer configured to receive light of a first polarization component among incident light, the first coupler layer comprising:a first waveguide along which the light of the first polarization component propagates;a first resonator disposed in the first waveguide, the first resonator being configured to resonate light of a first wavelength band among the light of the first polarization component;a second waveguide along which the light of the first polarization component propagates; anda second resonator disposed in the second waveguide, the second resonator being configured to resonate light of a second wavelength band different from the first wavelength band among the light of the first polarization component; anda second coupler layer configured to receive light of a second polarization component among the incident light, the second coupler layer comprising;a third waveguide along which the light of the second polarization component propagates;a third resonator disposed in the third waveguide, the third resonator being configured to resonate light of ...

AUTOMATED PARAMETER DEPLOYMENT FOR CELLULAR COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

The described technology is generally directed towards generating and deploying radio access network parameters by a management platform. The management platform can use a defined data structure as a carrier for parameters within the management platform. Newly generated parameters can be placed in the defined data structure. The newly generated parameters can be approved at the management platform for deployment to radio access network devices. A software defined networking function of the management platform can convert a parameter into a specific format utilized at a radio access network, and the software defined networking function can deploy the converted parameter to the radio access network. 1. A non-transitory machine-readable medium , comprising executable instructions that , when executed by a processor , facilitate performance of operations , comprising:based on an analysis of radio access network data received via a radio access network, generating, via a data collection, analysis and events function of a management platform, a parameter for the radio access network;including, via the data collection, analysis and events function, the parameter for the radio access network in an instance of a defined data structure, wherein a definition of the defined data structure permits different instances of the defined data structure to comprise different parameters for different radio access networks; andoutputting, via the data collection, analysis and events function, the instance of the defined data structure, wherein the management platform formats the instance of the defined data structure for the radio access network and delivers a corresponding formatted data structure to an element management system for the radio access network.2. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 1 , wherein the operations further comprise approving the parameter via a control loop coordinator of the management platform or a policy manager of the management platform.3. ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANAGING MEMORY OF USER DEVICE

A method and a device dynamically managing background processes according to a memory status so as to efficiently use the memory in a user device supporting a multitasking operating system. The method includes determining reference information for adjustment of the number of background processes; identifying a memory status based on the reference information; and adjusting the number of the background processes in correspondence to the memory status. 1. A method for managing background processes of an electronic device , the method comprising:checking resources currently used by the electronic device and a total memory size of the electronic device;determining reference information for adjustment of a number of executing background processes on the electronic device according to the resources and the total memory size,wherein the reference information includes a maximum number of background processes that can be executed concurrently on the electronic device.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:checking a screen resolution currently used by the electronic device; andwherein the determining of the reference information comprises determining a threshold value to initiate managing of the background processes according to the screen resolution.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:adjusting the number of executing background processes according to the determined maximum number of the background processes.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein adjusting the number of the executing background processes comprises:checking a memory status of the electronic device when a change in a process status is detected; andadjusting the number of the executing background processes according to the determined maximum number of background processes.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein adjusting the number of executing background processes according to the determined maximum number of background processes further comprises:comparing the threshold value of the reference ...

APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF DETECTING BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION

An apparatus for and method of detecting biological information. The apparatus for detecting biological information includes a supporting member that is attached to an object, a biosignal sensor that is configured to detect biological information of the object and mounted in the supporting member; and a plurality of position sensors configured to detect a position of the apparatus with respect to the object. The position sensors may detect position information of an area of the object where the apparatus is attached. Position data detected by the position sensors may be compared with reference position data. 1. An apparatus for detecting biological information , the apparatus comprising:a supporting member that is configured to attach to an object;at least one biosignal sensor that is configured to detect biological information of the object and is provided in the supporting member; anda plurality of position sensors that are configured to detect a position of the apparatus with respect to the object.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the supporting member is formed of a flexible material.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the position sensors are further configured to detect a position of the object in contact with the apparatus based on physical information or biological information obtained from the object.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the biological information comprises an impedance claim 3 , a vascular structure claim 3 , a bone structure claim 3 , a surface shape claim 3 , or a fingerprint of the object.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the plurality of position sensors comprise impedance sensors or finger scan sensors.6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of position sensors comprise the impedance sensors provided in the supporting member claim 5 , andthe impedance of the object is measured a plurality of times by combining the impedance sensors.7. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the position sensors comprise the finger ...

NANOROD LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A nanorod light-emitting device is provided. The nanorod light-emitting device includes a first semiconductor layer, a light-emitting layer on the first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer disposed on the light-emitting layer, at least one conductive layer disposed between a central portion of a lower surface of the light-emitting layer and the first semiconductor layer, or between a central portion of an upper surface of the light-emitting layer and the second semiconductor layer, at least one current blocking layer that surrounds a side surface of the at least one conductive layer, and an insulating film that surrounds a side surface of the second semiconductor layer, a side surface of the light-emitting layer, and a side surface of the at least one current blocking layer.

WAKE UP MESSAGE TRANSMISSION RATE

Example implementations relate to an access point. One example apparatus includes a transceiver and a processor. The processor is to instruct the transceiver to transmit a first wake up message to a client device at a first transmission rate via a wireless network. The processor, in response to receiving a sleep message from the client device via the transceiver, is to instruct the transceiver to transmit a second wake up message to the client device at a second transmission rate that is greater than the first transmission rate. 1. An apparatus comprising:a transceiver; and instruct the transceiver to transmit a first wake up message to a client device at a first transmission rate via a wireless network connection; and', 'in response to receiving a sleep message from the client device via the transceiver, instruct the transceiver to transmit a second wake up message to the client device at a second transmission rate that is greater than the first transmission rate, wherein the sleep message is indicative of a power save mode of the client device., 'a processor to2. The apparatus of claim 1 , the processor further to:in response to receiving a second sleep message from the client device, instruct the transceiver to transmit a third wake up message to the client device at a third transmission rate greater than the second transmission rate.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , the processor further to instruct the transceiver to transmit the second wake up message at the first transmission rate when no sleep message is received from the client device.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the wireless network connection is compliant with an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 protocol.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first wake up message corresponds to a null data frame including a traffic indication map.6. A method comprising:transmitting a first wake up message from a wireless access point (AP) to a client device at a first transmission ...

MINIATURE SPECTROMETER AND APPARATUS EMPLOYING SAME

A miniature spectrometer and a miniature spectrometer module employing the same are disclosed. The disclosed miniature spectrometer includes: a band-pass filter which is configured to transmit input light in a surface plasmon mode and which has an array of waveguides which are configured to output a plurality of different transmission wavelength bands; an in-coupler configured to couple the transmitted input light to a first end of the array of waveguides; and an array of optical detectors configured to detect respective lights which are output from a second end of the array of waveguides. 1. A miniature spectrometer comprising:a band-pass filter which is configured to transmit input light in a surface plasmon mode and which includes an array of waveguides which are configured to output a plurality of different transmission wavelength bands;an in-coupler configured to couple the transmitted input light to a first end of the array of waveguides; andan array of optical detectors configured to detect respective lights which are output from a second end of the array of waveguides.2. The miniature spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the band-pass filter comprises:a base layer formed of a first dielectric material;a plurality of metal stripes formed on the base layer; andan array of cover layers configured to respectively cover the plurality of metal stripes with a second dielectric material that is different from the first dielectric material,wherein each respective waveguide included in the array of waveguides comprises the base layer, a corresponding metal stripe, and a corresponding cover layer.3. The miniature spectrometer of claim 2 , wherein each respective cover layer included in the array of cover layers is formed with a different respective refractive index which corresponds to a respective transmission wavelength band.4. The miniature spectrometer of claim 3 , wherein the cover layers included in the array of cover layers are spaced apart from each other.5. The ...

DETERMINING THE LOCATION OF A MOBILE COMPUTING DEVICE

A method of determining the location of a client device includes selecting sets of four access points (APs) from APs that can communicate with a client device. Each set of four APs forms a quadrilateral that contains the location of the client device. The method further includes selecting a first quadrilateral from quadrilaterals formed by the sets of four APs based on a policy, and, with the first quadrilateral, executing a time-of-flight (ToF)-based distance estimation process to determine the location of the client device. 1. A method of determining the location of a client device , comprising:selecting sets of four access points (APs) from APs that can communicate with a client device, each set of four APs forming a quadrilateral that contains the location of the client device,selecting a first quadrilateral from quadrilaterals formed by the sets of four APs based on a policy, andwith the first quadrilateral, executing a time-of-flight (ToF)-based distance estimation process to determine the location of the client device.2. The method of claim 1 , in which each quadrilateral is defined by joining the APs of a set of APs.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , prior to selecting the sets of four APs claim 1 , determining the location of the client device using the APs that can communicate with the client device.4. The method of claim 1 , in which selecting the four APs comprises selecting the four APs from the APs in which the quadrilateral formed by joining the selected APs comprises the smallest area.5. The method of claim 1 , in which selecting the sets of four APs from the APs comprises finding all the quadrilaterals given a set of 2-dimensional (2D) points claim 1 , the 2D points representing the location of the APs that can communicate with the client.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising reducing the number of quadrilaterals by excluding those quadrilaterals that comprise line segments which are less than a predefined distance.7. ...

SERVER

The present disclosure relates to a server. The server includes a communicator to receive and transmit data from and to an external network, and a processor to detect and monitor an online issue in the external network through the communicator, wherein the processor collects text from a plurality of external servers, performs learning on the collected text, performs an issue detection, and monitors text corresponding to a confirmed issue. Accordingly, an online issue in a network is effectively detected and monitored. 1. A server comprising:a communicator to receive and transmit data from and to an external network; anda processor to detect and monitor an online issue in the external network through the communicator,wherein the processor collects text from a plurality of external servers, performs learning on the collected text, performs an issue detection, and monitors text corresponding to a confirmed issue.2. The server of claim 1 , wherein the processor performs issue scoring for calculating an issue score of the confirmed issue.3. The server of claim 1 , wherein the processor collects text from the plurality of external servers during a first set period.4. The server of claim 1 , wherein the processor collects text corresponding to a set related word from the plurality of external servers during a first set period.5. The server of claim 1 , wherein the processor performs learning on text corresponding to the confirmed issue.6. The server of claim 1 , wherein the processor performs learning and primary filtering on the collected text through a plurality of issue detection models and performs secondary filtering thereon through a garbage-filtering model.7. The server of claim 1 , wherein the processor classifies the collected text into formal text and informal text through a plurality of issue detection models and performs formal-text-based learning and informal-text-based learning.8. The server of claim 1 , wherein the processor collects text related to the ...

MOBILE TERMINAL AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE SAME

A mobile terminal for performing multi-tasking may include a display and a controller configured to cause the display to: display first screen information and second screen information concurrently in a first display format in response to a first type of user input, wherein the second screen information overlaps with at least part of the first screen information in the first display format; and display the first screen information and the second screen information in a second display format in response to a second type of user input, wherein the first screen information and the second screen information do not overlap in the second display format. 1. A mobile terminal , comprising:a display; and display first screen information and second screen information concurrently in a first display format in response to a first type of user input, wherein the second screen information overlaps with at least part of the first screen information in the first display format; and', 'display the first screen information and the second screen information in a second display format in response to a second type of user input, wherein the first screen information and the second screen information do not overlap in the second display format., 'a controller configured to cause the display to2. The mobile terminal of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to cause the display to display a guide image when a first touch is applied to a specific region of the second screen information while the first screen information and the second screen information are displayed in the first display format claim 1 , the guiding image guiding conversion from the first display format to the second display format.3. The mobile terminal of claim 2 , wherein the controller is further configured to cause the display to display the first screen information and the second screen information in the second display format in response to a second touch applied to the guide image.4. The mobile ...

MOBILE TERMINAL AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE SAME

A mobile terminal and a method for controlling the same that may be used considering more convenience of users are disclosed. The mobile terminal comprises a wireless communication unit; a touch screen; and a controller controlling the touch screen to output at least a part of a first notification panel configured to output notification information based on a drag touch input applied to one area of the touch screen, wherein the controller outputs at least a part of a second notification panel different from the first notification panel based on a touch applied to one area of the first notification panel in a state that at least a part of the first notification panel has been output, and notification information of an application of which notification mode is set to a specific mode is displayed on the second notification panel. 1. A mobile terminal comprising:a wireless communication unit;a touch screen configured to output notification information received through the wireless communication unit for an application; anda controller that controls the output of the notification information based on a set notification mode for the application,wherein at least a part of a first notification panel is output on the touch screen based on a first touch input applied to a prescribed area of the touch screen, andat least a part of a second notification panel different from the first notification panel is output on the touch screen based on a second touch input applied to a prescribed area of the first notification panel in a state in which at least a part of the first notification panel has been output, andwherein, when the notification mode for the application is set to a specific mode, the notification information of the application is controlled to be displayed on the second notification panel.2. The mobile terminal according to claim 1 , wherein when the notification mode for the application is set to a normal mode claim 1 , the notification information of the application ...

MOBILE TERMINAL AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE SAME

A mobile terminal according to the present disclosure may include a body; a wireless communication unit configured to perform communication with an external communication device; and a touch screen formed to display a home screen and sense a touch; and a controller configured to control the touch screen to display a control screen for performing control on at least part of external devices at a place at which the body is located based on the external communication device connected through the wireless communication unit when a predetermined type of touch is applied to the touch screen while displaying the home screen. 1. A mobile terminal , comprising:a body;a wireless communication unit configured to perform communication with an external communication device that is coupled to a plurality of external devices located at a predetermined space;a touch screen configured to display a home screen and to sense a touch; anda controller configured to control the touch screen to display a control screen to control one or more of the external devices at the predetermined place,wherein the control screen is displayed when a predetermined type of touch is applied to the touch screen while displaying the home screen and the body of the mobile terminal is determined to be at the predetermined space based on the external communication device connected through the wireless communication unit.2. The mobile terminal of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined type of touch is a multi-touch applied to at least two or more contact points on the touch screen.3. The mobile terminal of claim 2 , wherein the multi-touch is a pinch-out touch for increasing a relative distance between two contact points on the touch screen.4. The mobile terminal of claim 2 , wherein the multi-touch maintains a predetermined number of two or more contact points on the touch screen for more than a predetermined period of time.5. The mobile terminal of claim 1 , wherein a first control screen to control at least ...

NANOROD LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND DISPLAY APPARATUS INCLUDING THE SAME

A nanorod light emitting device, a method of manufacturing the same, and a display apparatus including the nanorod light emitting device are provided. The nanorod light emitting device includes a first semiconductor layer doped with a first conductivity type, a light emitting layer disposed on the first semiconductor layer, and a second semiconductor layer disposed on the light emitting layer and doped with a second conductivity type that is electrically opposite to the first conductivity type, wherein a distance between a lower surface of the first semiconductor layer and an upper surface of the second semiconductor layer is in a range of about 2 μm to about 10 μm, wherein a difference between a diameter of the upper surface of the second semiconductor layer and the lower surface of the first semiconductor layer is 10% or less of a diameter of the upper surface of the second semiconductor layer.

NANOROD TYPE MIRCO-LED, PIXEL PLATE INCLUDING THE SAME, AND DISPLAY DEVICE AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES INCLUDING THE PIXEL PLATE

A nanorod type micro-light emitting diode (LED) includes a nanorod stack structure including a multi-quantum well layer and emitting light from a side surface, and a functional material layer covering the side surface of the nanorod stack structure and increasing a total internal reflection angle of the nanorod stack structure. The functional material layer has a refractive index between a refractive index of the nanorod stack structure and a refractive index of air, and includes a plurality of material layers having a refractive index distribution in which a refractive index decreases as a distance from the side surface increases.

DETERMINING THE LOCATION OF A MOBILE COMPUTING DEVICE

A method of determining the location of a mobile computing device includes measuring a first time of flight (ToF) value and a first value of received energy of direct path (EDP) (P) of a number of acknowledgement (ACK) packets received in response to a number of first probe packets sent to a first mobile device. The method calculates a preliminary distance value (d) using a ToF-based distance equation, selects an ACK packet with a distance closest to dfrom the number of ACK packets, calculates an initial path loss exponent (γ) of the selected ACK packet sample using dand P. With the access point, the method also includes measuring a second Pfor a second number of ACK packets received in response to a number of second probe packets sent to the first mobile device, calculates a supplemental distance value using an EDP-based distance equation and the γ, and determines the location of the mobile device using multilateration and the supplemental distance value. 1. A method of determining the location of a mobile computing device comprising:{'sub': 'R', 'measuring a first time of flight (ToF) value and a first value of received energy of direct path (EDP) (P) of acknowledgement (ACK) packets received in response to first probe packets sent to a first mobile device;'}{'sub': '0', 'calculating a preliminary distance value (d) using a ToF-based distance equation;'}{'sub': '0', 'selecting an ACK packet with a distance closest to dfrom the ACK packets;'}{'sub': 0', '0', 'R, 'calculating an initial path loss exponent (γ) of the selected ACK packet sample using dand P;'}{'sub': 'R', 'with the access point, measuring a second Pfor second ACK packets received in response to second probe packets sent to the first mobile device;'}{'sub': '0', 'calculating a supplemental distance value using an EDP-based distance equation and the γ; and'}determining the location of the mobile device using multilateration and the supplemental distance value.4. The method of claim 1 , in which the ...

Mixed three-dimensional and two-dimensional perovskites and methods of making the same

An aspect of the present disclosure is a perovskite that includes A (n−1−nw+w) A′ (wn−w) A″ 2 B n X (3n−3zn+3z−4e+1) X′ (3zn−3z) X″ 4e , where each of A, A′, A″ are monovalent cations, B is a divalent cation, each of X, X′, and X″ are monovalent anions, 0<w≤1, 0<z≤1, 0<e≤1, and 1≤n≤100000.

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate including a chip region and an edge region around the chip region, a lower insulating layer on the semiconductor substrate, a chip pad on the lower insulating layer on the chip region, an upper insulating layer provided on the lower insulating layer to cover the chip pad, the upper and different insulating layers including different materials, and a redistribution chip pad on the chip region and connected to the chip pad. The upper insulating layer includes a first portion on the chip region having a first thickness, a second portion on the edge region having a second thickness, and a third portion on the edge region, the third portion extending from the second portion, spaced from the first portion, and having a decreasing thickness away from the second portion. The second thickness is smaller than the first thickness. 1. A semiconductor device , comprising:a semiconductor substrate including a chip region and an edge region around the chip region;a lower insulating layer on the semiconductor substrate;a chip pad on the lower insulating layer on the chip region;an upper insulating layer on the lower insulating layer to cover the chip pad, the upper insulating layer including an insulating material different from the lower insulating layer; anda redistribution chip pad on the chip region to penetrate the upper insulating layer and to be connected to the chip pad, a first portion on the chip region and having a first thickness;', 'a second portion on the edge region, the second portion extending from the first portion and having a second thickness smaller than the first thickness; and', 'a third portion on the edge region, the third portion extending from the second portion, spaced apart from the first portion, and having a decreasing thickness away from the second portion., 'wherein the upper insulating layer includes2. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:the upper insulating layer has a ...

BIOMETRIC SENSOR AND BIOMETRIC ANALYSIS SYSTEM INCLUDING THE SAME

A biometric sensor that measures biometric information and a biometric analysis system including the biometric sensor are provided. The biometric sensor may include: a light source configured to emit light toward a region of interest of an object under examination, the light being diffused at the region of interest; a collimator that includes a though-hole and is configured to collimate the diffused light received from the region of interest; and a spectrometer configure to analyze the diffused light transmitted by the collimator. 1. A biometric analysis system comprising:a light source configured to emit light toward a region of interest of an object under examination, the light being diffused at the region of interest;a collimator comprising a through-hole, the collimator being configured to collimate the diffused light received from the region of interest;a spectrometer configured to analyze the diffused light transmitted by the collimator; anda controller configured to analyze biometric information of the object obtained from the analyzed diffused light.2. The biometric analysis system of claim 1 , further comprising a focus lens configured to control a focal distance of the light emitted by the light source.3. The biometric analysis system of claim 1 , further comprising a focus lens claim 1 ,wherein the light emitted by the light source is focused on the through-hole of the collimator by the focus lens.4. The biometric analysis system of claim 1 , further comprising an optical path converter configured to control an optical path of the emitted light.5. The biometric analysis system of claim 1 , wherein the controller comprises:a signal processor configured to analyze the biometric information of the object based on a signal provided to the controller by the spectrometer; anda user interface configured to communicate with the signal processor.6. The biometric analysis system of claim 5 , wherein the user interface comprises:an input unit configured to input a ...

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR THE SPECIFIC INHIBITION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA

The invention is directed to compositions and methods for selectively reducing the expression of a gene product from a desired target gene in a cell, as well as for treating diseases caused by the expression of the gene. More particularly, the invention is directed to compositions that contain double stranded RNA (“dsRNA”), and methods for preparing them, that are capable of reducing the expression of target genes in eukaryotic cells. The dsRNA has a first oligonucleotide sequence that is between 25 and about 30 nucleotides in length and a second oligonucleotide sequence that anneals to the first sequence under biological conditions. In addition, a region of one of the sequences of the dsRNA having a sequence length of at least 19 nucleotides is sufficiently complementary to a nucleotide sequence of the RNA produced from the target gene to trigger the destruction of the target RNA by the RNAi machinery. 15-. (canceled)6. A nucleic acid molecule capable of reducing the expression of a target gene comprising:a first oligonucleotide strand that is 25-30 nucleotides in length and contains 1-3 DNA bases on the 3′ end of the first oligonucleotide strand; anda second oligonucleotide strand that is 25-30 nucleotides in length comprising an overhang of unmodified and/or modified nucleotides and a domain that hybridizes to the first oligonucleotide strand comprising unmodified and modified nucleotides,wherein said second oligonucleotide strand is sufficiently complementary to a target mRNA encoded by said target gene to reduce target gene expression when said nucleic acid molecule is introduced into a subject or a cell derived from said subject.7. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 6 , wherein said first oligonucleotide strand has a length which is at least 26 nucleotides.8. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 6 , wherein said second oligonucleotide strand comprises a 3′ overhang.9. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 8 , wherein said 3′ overhang of said second oligonucleotide ...

ORIENTED PEROVSKITE CRYSTALS AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME

An aspect of the present disclosure is a method that includes combining a first organic salt (AX), a first metal salt) a second organic salt (AX), a second metal salt (MCl), and a solvent to form a primary solution, where AXand M(X)are present in the primary solution at a first ratio between about 0.5 to 1.0 and about 1.5 to 1.0, and AXto MClare present in the primary solution at a second ratio between about 2.0 to 1.0 and about 4.0 to 1.0. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one of Aor Amay include at least one of an alkyl ammonium, an alkyl diamine, cesium, and/or rubidium. 1. A method comprising:{'sup': 1', '1', '1', '2', '2', '3', '2, 'sub': 2', '2, 'combining a first organic salt (AX), a first metal salt (M(X)), a second organic salt (AX), a second metal salt (MCl), and a solvent to form a primary solution, wherein{'sup': 1', '1', '1', '2, 'sub': '2', 'AXand M(X)are present in the primary solution at a first ratio between about 0.5 to 1.0 and about 1.5 to 1.0; and'}{'sup': 2', '3', '2, 'sub': '2', 'AXto MClare present in the primary solution at a second ratio between about 2.0 to 1.0 and about 4.0 to 1.0.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of Aor Acomprises at least one of an alkyl ammonium claim 1 , an alkyl diamine claim 1 , cesium claim 1 , or rubidium.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least one of Aor Acomprises at least one of methylammonium claim 2 , ethyl ammonium claim 2 , propylammonium claim 2 , or butyl ammonium.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least one of Aor Acomprises formamidinium.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of Mor Mcomprises a metal having a 2+ valence state.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein at least one of Mor Mcomprises at least one of lead claim 5 , tin claim 5 , or germanium.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of X claim 1 , X claim 1 , or Xcomprises a halogen.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein at least one of X claim 7 , X claim 7 , or Xcomprises at least one of ...

SEMICONDUCTOR PACKAGE

Provided is a semiconductor package comprising a lower package that includes a lower substrate and a lower semiconductor chip, an interposer substrate on the lower package and having a plurality of holes that penetrate the interposer substrate, a thermal radiation structure that includes a supporter on a top surface of the interposer substrate and a plurality of protrusions in the holes of the interposer substrate, and a thermal conductive layer between the lower semiconductor chip and the protrusions of the thermal radiation structure. 1. A semiconductor package , comprising:a lower package including a lower substrate and at least one lower semiconductor chip;an interposer substrate on the lower package, the interposer substrate including a plurality of holes that penetrate the interposer substrate;a thermal radiation structure including a supporter on a top surface of the interposer substrate and a plurality of protrusions in the holes of the interposer substrate; anda thermal conductive layer between the lower semiconductor chip and the protrusions of the thermal radiation structure.2. The semiconductor package of claim 1 , wherein the thermal conductive layer includes a material different from a material of the thermal radiation structure.3. The semiconductor package of claim 2 , wherein the thermal conductive layer includes at least one of a solder paste material or a thermal interface material.4. The semiconductor package of claim 1 , whereinthe lower package further includes a lower molding layer between the lower substrate and the interposer substrate,the lower molding layer includes an extension, andthe extension is between a top surface of the lower semiconductor chip and a bottom surface of the interposer substrate.5. The semiconductor package of claim 4 , wherein the extension of the lower molding layer is in physical contact with the thermal conductive layer.6. The semiconductor package of claim 4 , wherein sidewalls of the holes of the interposer ...

ADAPTIVE AUTOMATED LOAD BALANCING FOR MOBILITY NETWORKS INCLUDING FIFTH GENERATION NETWORKS AND BEYOND

The disclosed technology is directed towards load balancing in an adaptive and automated way for wireless mobility networks to improve the overall harmonic-average UE throughput within each controlled group of cells (e.g., different frequency carriers serving a sector of a base station). A load balancer (e.g., analytics component) obtains various device traffic data including throughput data for cells of a group. Pairs of cells in a group (sharing a site and face) can be selected based on satisfying various criteria, with estimated throughput gain achieved by changing the handoff rates between the cell pairs. The technology iteratively repeats the overall process, driving a system to an optimal equilibrium. 1. A system , comprising:a processor; and determining a selected cell pair from a group of cells operating at different frequencies covering a geographical area, the selected cell pair comprising a first cell having a first traffic load and a second cell having a second traffic load; and', 'relocating part of the first traffic load from the first cell to the second cell, comprising increasing a first handoff rate from the first cell to the second cell, and decreasing a second handoff rate from the second cell to the first cell., 'a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, the operations comprising2. The system of claim 1 , wherein determining the selected cell pair comprises estimating that relocating the part of the first traffic load from the first cell to the second cell satisfies a pair level threshold harmonic mean user equipment throughput improvement criterion.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein estimating that the relocating of the part of the first traffic load from the first cell to the second cell satisfies the pair level threshold harmonic mean user equipment throughput improvement criterion comprises determining a volume load distribution value between the first cell and the ...

SPECTROMETER INCLUDING VERTICAL STACK STRUCTURE AND NON-INVASIVE BIOMETRIC SENSOR INCLUDING THE SPECTROMETER

Provided are a spectrometer that may be easily manufactured while having high resolution and sensitivity due to reduced light loss and a non-invasive biometric sensor including the spectrometer. The spectrometer includes: a stacked light absorbing structure including a plurality of absorbing layers stacked in a vertical direction and having different absorption wavelength bands, and a plurality of tunnel junction layers respectively interposed between the plurality of absorbing layers to electrically connect the plurality of absorbing layers; and an illuminating unit configured to provide the stacked light absorbing structure with an illumination light for saturation of the plurality of absorbing layers. 1. A spectrometer comprising:a stacked light absorbing structure comprising a plurality of absorbing layers stacked in a vertical direction and having a plurality of absorption wavelength bands, and a plurality of tunnel junction layers respectively interposed between the plurality of absorbing layers to electrically connect the plurality of absorbing layers; andan illuminating unit configured to select an absorbing layer from among the plurality of absorbing layers, the selected absorbing layer being of one absorption wavelength band of the plurality of absorption wavelength bands, and provide the stacked light absorbing structure with an illumination light including other absorption wavelength bands of the plurality of absorption wavelength bands, of other absorbing layers of the plurality of absorbing layers.2. The spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the illuminating unit comprises:a light source configured to generate an illumination light including the plurality of absorption wavelength bands of the plurality of absorbing layers; anda notch filter array disposed between the light source and the stacked light absorbing structure and comprising a plurality of notch filters having a plurality of absorption characteristics to block only an illumination light of a ...

One-time abstraction coding for resource deployment

Embodiments of the invention are directed to a system, method, or computer program product for generation, deployment, and execution of a one-time abstraction coding network for resource deployment. The system may provide a single use code for a single anonymous resource distribution at any location. The system may provide a user with access to a one-time abstraction code to use to complete a resource distribution for event processing. The system may link to the entity associated with the event to process resource distribution via a system owned resource vehicle for complete anonymity of the user.

ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR MANAGING PDU SESSION AND OPERATING METHOD THEREOF

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes at least one processor, which may be configured to establish at least one first protocol data unit (PDU) session in a state of being registered in a 5th generation system (5GS), store first information related to the at least one first PDU session, perform a procedure for registering with an evolved packet system (EPS), based on at least one first trigger causing a system fallback from the 5GS to the EPS, perform a procedure for registering with the 5GS, based on at least one second trigger causing a return to the 5GS, compare second information related to a second PDU session, with the first information, perform an operation of establishing, a third PDU session when the third PDU session not comprised in the second PDU session is identified, and perform an operation of modifying, a fourth PDU session. 1. An electronic device comprising:at least one processor, establish at least one first protocol data unit (PDU) session in a state of being registered in a 5th generation system (5GS),', 'store first information related to the at least one first PDU session,', 'perform a procedure for registering with an evolved packet system (EPS), based on at least one first trigger causing a system fallback from the 5GS to the EPS,', 'perform a procedure for registering with the 5GS, based on at least one second trigger causing a return to the 5GS,', 'compare second information, related to at least one second PDU session, established in association with registration with the 5GS, with the first information,', 'perform an operation of establishing, based on a result of comparing the first information with the second information, at least one third PDU session when the at least one third PDU session not comprised in the at least one second PDU session among the at least one first PDU session is identified, and', 'perform an operation of modifying, based on the result of comparing the first information with the second ...

MOBILE TERMINAL AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE SAME

A mobile terminal including a camera; a touch screen configured to continuously display images captured by the camera; a memory; and a controller configured to in response to a first touch applied to the touch screen continuously displaying the images at a first touch-applied time point, store a first image displayed on the touch screen at the first touch-applied time point in the memory, display a first thumbnail image corresponding to the first image on the touch screen, in response to a second touch applied to the touch screen continuously displaying the images at a second touch-applied time point, store a second image displayed on the touch screen at the second touch-applied time point in the memory, by grouping the second image with the first image in the memory. 1. A mobile terminal comprising:a camera;a touch screen configured to continuously display images captured by the camera;a memory; anda controller configured to:in response to a first touch applied to the touch screen continuously displaying the images at a first touch-applied time point, store a first image displayed on the touch screen at the first touch-applied time point in the memory,display a first thumbnail image corresponding to the first image on the touch screen, andin response to a second touch applied to a specific area of the touch screen continuously displaying the images and the first thumbnail image at a second touch-applied time point, store a second image displayed on the touch screen at the second touch-applied time point in the memory, by grouping the second image with the first image in the memory.2. The mobile terminal of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to store the first and second images in the memory when the specific area of the touch screen displays the first thumbnail image.3. The mobile terminal of claim 2 , wherein the touch screen is further configured to change the first thumbnail image into a second thumbnail image corresponding to the second ...

CROSS CHANNEL AUTHENTICATION ELEVATION VIA LOGIC REPOSITORY

Systems, computer program products, and methods are described herein for elevated authentication model using cross-channel data. The present invention is configured to receive one or more exposure events from a detection system, wherein at least one of the one or more exposure events indicates that a user has failed an authentication requirement in at least one communication channel associated with the detection system; store the one or more exposure events in a centralized repository; determine one or more other communication channels across the one or more detection systems available for access to the user; and increase an authentication requirement of the user in the one or more other communication channels, wherein increasing the authentication requirement further comprises increasing an authentication level required to enable the user to access at least one of the one or more functions associated with at least one of the one or more applications. 1. A system for elevated authentication model based on cross-channel data , the system comprising:at least one non-transitory memory device with computer-readable code stored thereon;at least one processing device; and receive, via a distributed network of servers, one or more exposure events from a detection system, wherein at least one of the one or more exposure events indicates that a user has failed an authentication requirement in at least one communication channel associated with the detection system, wherein the authentication requirement is associated with user access to one or more functions associated with one or more applications;', 'store the one or more exposure events in a centralized repository, wherein storing further comprises enabling one or more detection systems connected to the centralized repository to access the one or more exposure events received from the detection system;', 'determine one or more other communication channels across the one or more detection systems available for access to the ...

SYSTEM FOR ACROSS RAIL SILO SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND LOGIC REPOSITORY

Systems, computer program products, and methods are described herein for the creation of an exposure identification and distribution system for across silo channel integration. In this way, the system allows team integration of data across rails and silos for exposure identification. As such, the system generates a centralized repository for data and a communication linkage across the various systems used for identifying exposure and manipulated for linkage via a specific taxonomy overlay. Furthermore the system also includes logic that, when identification of a potential exposure indicate occurs, the system may communicate via distribution over the rails for integration and sharing for cross entity exposure identification. 1. A system for across silo system integration , the system comprising:a memory device with computer-readable program code stored thereon;a communication device; identify one or more devices across an entity network, wherein the one or more devices are associated with exposure strategy users identifying exposure events within the entity;', 'generate a communication linkage with the one or more devices and a centralized repository for exposure event storage;', 'receive one or more exposure events from the one or more devices via the communication linkage and storing the one or more exposure events in a centralized repository;', 'aggregate the one or more exposure events received;', 'perform a taxonomy overlay of the aggregated one or more exposure events, wherein the taxonomy overlay identifies a combination of one or more exposure events triggering a mitigation response; and', 'transmit via single node communication the combination of one or more exposure events from the mitigation response., 'a processing device operatively coupled to the memory device and the communication device, wherein the processing device is configured to execute the computer-readable program code to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein generating a communication linkage with ...

AUTOMATED PARAMETER DEPLOYMENT FOR CELLULAR COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

The described technology is generally directed towards generating and deploying radio access network parameters by a management platform. The management platform can use a defined data structure as a carrier for parameters within the management platform. Newly generated parameters can be placed in the defined data structure. The newly generated parameters can be approved at the management platform for deployment to radio access network devices. A software defined networking function of the management platform can convert a parameter into a specific format utilized at a radio access network, and the software defined networking function can deploy the converted parameter to the radio access network. 1. A method for a network management platform comprising a data collection component , a control loop coordinator , a policy manager , a data movement component , and a software defined networking component , the method comprising:generating, by the network management platform, a parameter for deployment to a radio access network element management system, wherein the parameter comprises a data type that is designated for parameters deployable to multiple radio access network element management systems;including, by the network management platform, the parameter in a management platform payload;providing, by the network management platform, the management platform payload to multiple adaptors corresponding to respective radio access network element management systems of the multiple radio access network element management systems;generating, by the multiple adaptors, respective radio access network files based on the management platform payload, wherein the respective radio access network files comprise respective radio access network file properties associated with the respective radio access network element management systems; anddeploying, by the network management platform to the respective radio access network element management systems, the respective radio access ...

DISPLAY TRANSFER STRUCTURE INCLUDING LIGHT EMITTING ELEMENTS AND TRANSFERRING METHOD OF LIGHT EMITTING ELEMENTS

Provided is a display transfer structure including a substrate including a plurality of wells, and a plurality of light emitting elements disposed in the plurality of wells, wherein the plurality of light emitting elements have a rotationally asymmetric planar shape, and wherein the plurality of wells respectively have a planar shape different from a planar shape of each of the plurality of light emitting elements. 1. A display transfer structure comprising:a substrate comprising a plurality of wells; anda plurality of light emitting elements disposed in the plurality of wells,wherein the plurality of light emitting elements have a rotationally asymmetric planar shape, andwherein the plurality of wells respectively have a planar shape different from a planar shape of each of the plurality of light emitting elements.2. The display transfer structure of claim 1 , wherein a first well of the plurality of wells comprises a first area and a second area partially overlapping each other claim 1 , andwherein a first light emitting element among the plurality of light emitting elements is disposed in the first area or the second area.3. The display transfer structure of claim 2 , wherein the first area and the second area respectively have a planar shape corresponding to a planar shape of the first light emitting element.4. The display transfer structure of claim 2 , wherein the first area of the first well is oriented in a first direction claim 2 ,wherein the second area of the first well is oriented in a second direction, andwherein the first light emitting element is oriented in the first direction or the second direction based on the first area or the second area in which the first light emitting element is disposed.5. The display transfer structure of claim 2 , wherein the first well further comprises a third area partially overlapping with the second area claim 2 ,wherein the first light emitting element is disposed in the first area, andwherein a second light emitting ...

LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE AND DISPLAY DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME

Provided is a light-emitting diode including a first-light emitting cell, a second light-emitting cell, and a third light-emitting cell that are sequentially provided in one direction and configured to emit light of different colors from each other, a first tunnel junction provided between the first light-emitting cell and the second light-emitting cell, the first tunnel junction being configured to electrically connect the first light-emitting cell and the second light-emitting cell and induce lateral current spreading, and a second tunnel junction provided between the second light-emitting cell and the third light-emitting cell, the second tunnel junction being configured to electrically connect the second light-emitting cell and the third light-emitting cell and induce lateral current spreading. 1. A light-emitting diode comprising:a first-light emitting cell, a second light-emitting cell, and a third light-emitting cell that are sequentially provided in one direction and configured to emit light of different colors from each other;a first tunnel junction provided between the first light-emitting cell and the second light-emitting cell, the first tunnel junction being configured to electrically connect the first light-emitting cell and the second light-emitting cell and induce lateral current spreading; anda second tunnel junction provided between the second light-emitting cell and the third light-emitting cell, the second tunnel junction being configured to electrically connect the second light-emitting cell and the third light-emitting cell and induce lateral current spreading.2. The light-emitting diode of claim 1 , further comprising:a first electrode in contact with the first light-emitting cell;a second electrode in contact with the second light-emitting cell; anda third electrode and a fourth electrode spaced apart from each other and in contact with the third light-emitting cell.3. The light-emitting diode of claim 2 , wherein the first electrode claim 2 ...

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR THE SPECIFIC INHIBITION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA

The invention is directed to compositions and methods for selectively reducing the expression of a gene product from a desired target gene in a cell, as well as for treating diseases caused by the expression of the gene. More particularly, the invention is directed to compositions that contain double stranded RNA (“dsRNA”), and methods for preparing them, that are capable of reducing the expression of target genes in eukaryotic cells. The dsRNA has a first oligonucleotide sequence that is between 25 and about 30 nucleotides in length and a second oligonucleotide sequence that anneals to the first sequence under biological conditions. In addition, a region of one of the sequences of the dsRNA having a sequence length of at least 19 nucleotides is sufficiently complementary to a nucleotide sequence of the RNA produced from the target gene to trigger the destruction of the target RNA by the RNAi machinery. 1a first oligonucleotide strand that is 25-30 nucleotides in length and contains 1-3 DNA bases on the 3′ end of the first oligonucleotide strand; anda second oligonucleotide strand that is 25-30 nucleotides in length comprising an overhang of unmodified and/or modified nucleotides and a domain that hybridizes to the first oligonucleotide strand comprising unmodified and modified nucleotides,wherein said second oligonucleotide strand is sufficiently complementary to a target mRNA encoded by said target gene to reduce target gene expression when said nucleic acid molecule is introduced into a subject or a cell derived from said subject.. A formulation comprising a nucleic acid molecule capable of reducing the expression of a target gene, the nucleic acid molecule comprising: The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/259,174 filed 8 Sep. 2016, which in turn is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/537,578 filed 10 Nov. 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,441,227, which in turn is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. ...

Cross-channel network security system with tiered adaptive mitigation operations

Embodiments of the invention are directed to a system, method, or computer program product for cross-channel network security with tiered adaptive mitigation operations. In this regard, the invention is structured for dynamic detection of security events associated with network devices and resources, and triggering real-time mitigation operations across a plurality of resource channels. The invention provides a novel method for employing activity data to construct and implement mitigation actions for de-escalating authorization tiers that are adapted to the specific attributes of the activity data, in order to prevent security exposure associated with the activity. Another aspect of the invention is directed to determining whether to continue the tiered adaptive mitigation actions and/or trigger a security proceed signal.

CORRECTING TIME-OF-FLIGHT MEASUREMENTS

In an example, a method for correcting time-of-flight measurements includes receiving a plurality of time-of-flight measurements and determining whether the time-of-flight measurements relate to a strong signal client, a weak signal client, or a preferred signal client. If the time-of-flight measurements relate to a strong signal client or a weak signal client, the method determines whether the time-of-flight measurements constitute two distinct distributions. If the time-of-flight measurements constitute two distinct distributions, a mean value for each distribution is determined. If the mean values differ by a predetermined time delay attributable to automatic gain control processing, the time-of-flight measurements corresponding to the distribution having the lower mean value are used. If the mean values differ by less than the predetermined time delay attributable to automatic gain control processing, the time-of-flight measurements corresponding to both distributions are used. 1. A method for correcting time-of-flight measurements , comprising , by a processor:receiving a plurality of time-of-flight measurements;determining whether the time-of-flight measurements relate to a strong signal client, a weak signal client, or a preferred signal client;if the time-of-flight measurements relate to a strong signal client or a weak signal client, determine whether the time-of-flight measurements constitute two distinct distributions; and determine a mean value for each distribution;', 'if the mean values differ by a predetermined time delay attributable to automatic gain control processing, use the time-of-flight measurements corresponding to the distribution having the lower mean value., 'if the time-of-flight measurements constitute two distinct distributions,'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining whether the time-of-flight measurements constitute two distinct distributions is performed using a k-means clustering technique.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein ...

DISPLAY APPARATUS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A display apparatus includes a driving substrate including a plurality of grooves, micro light-emitting devices provided in the plurality of grooves and configured to emit light of a first color, and a color conversion layer provided on the micro light-emitting devices and configured to convert the light of the first color into light of at least one second color, wherein the color conversion layer includes light blocking patterns spaced apart from the micro light-emitting devices and spaced apart from each other on a same plane, a nano-porous layer provided between adjacent ones of the light blocking patterns, spaced apart from the micro light-emitting devices, and including a plurality of nano-pores, and quantum dots impregnated in the nano-porous layer and configured to convert the light of the first color into the light of the at least one second color. 1. A display apparatus comprising:a driving substrate comprising a plurality of grooves;a plurality of micro light-emitting devices provided in the plurality of grooves, the plurality of micro light-emitting devices being configured to emit light of a first color; anda color conversion layer provided on the plurality of micro light-emitting devices, the color conversion layer being configured to convert the light of the first color into light of at least one second color, a plurality of light blocking patterns spaced apart from the plurality of micro light-emitting devices, the plurality of light blocking patterns being spaced apart from each other on a same plane,', 'a nano-porous layer provided between adjacent ones of the plurality of light blocking patterns, the nano-porous layer being spaced apart from the plurality of micro light-emitting devices and comprising a plurality of nano-pores, and a plurality of quantum dots impregnated in the nano-porous layer, the plurality of quantum dots being configured to convert the light of the first color into the light of the at least one second color., 'wherein the ...

MOBILE DEVICE AND CONTROLLING METHOD THEREOF

A mobile device and controlling method thereof are disclosed, by which user's convenience is enhanced. The present invention includes the steps of if receiving a specific input from a user, displaying a screen capable of selecting either a gallery application and a camera application, if receiving a selection input from the user, running a specific application corresponding to the selection input, displaying a preview screen of the specific application, and if receiving a specific touch input from the user, adjusting at least one of a size and position of the preview screen. 1. A mobile device capable of executing an application , the mobile device comprising:an input unit that receives a user input;a camera;a display unit; and controls the display unit to display a selection screen enabling a user to select either a gallery application or a camera application in response to the user input,', 'executes the gallery application or the camera application based on selection by the user, and further controls the display unit to:', 'display a preview screen associated with the application being executed, and', 'adjust at least one of a size and position of the preview screen associated with the application in response to a touch input from the user., 'a controller that2. The mobile device of claim 1 , wherein the controller further controls the display unit to:display a screen for selecting a capture application for capturing a screen image,display a first capture button in response to the user selecting the capture application,display a screen image by capturing a current screen in response to the user selecting the first capture button,display a preview screen of the created screen image, andadjust at least one of a size and a position of the preview screen of the created screen image in response to a touch input from the user.3. The mobile device of claim 1 , wherein the controller activates the camera when a corresponding touch input is received over a prescribed time ...

INK COMPOSITION, PREPARATION METHOD OF THE SAME, AND FABRICATION METHOD OF WINDOW MEMBER USING THE SAME

An ink composition including an epoxy resin, and an amine curing agent. The epoxy resin is formed by reacting a bifunctional epoxy monomer, an adipic acid, and a polyisocyanate. The ink composition is formed by mixing the epoxy resin and the amine curing agent. The preparing of the epoxy resin includes mixing an epoxy functional monomer and an adipic acid to form an epoxy intermediate, and mixing the epoxy intermediate with a polyisocyanate to form the epoxy resin. 1. An ink composition , comprising:an epoxy resin; andan amine curing agent,wherein the epoxy resin is a reaction product of a bifunctional epoxy monomer, an adipic acid, and a polyisocyanate.2. The ink composition of claim 1 , comprising:based on 100 parts by weight of the bifunctional epoxy monomer,10 to 50 parts by weight of the adipic acid;5 to 30 parts by weight of the polyisocyanate; and10 to 30 parts by weight of the amine curing agent.3. The ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the bifunctional epoxy monomer is a bisphenol A epoxy monomer claim 1 , or a bisphenol F epoxy monomer.4. The ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyisocyanate is a diisocyanate.5. The ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyisocyanate is isophorone diisocyanate claim 1 , toluene diisocyanate claim 1 , dimeryl diisocyanate claim 1 , hexamethylene diisocyanate claim 1 , or a combination thereof claim 1 , and the amine curing agent is triethylenetetramine.6. The ink composition of claim 1 , further comprising carbon black claim 1 , a carbon black dispersant claim 1 , a defoamer claim 1 , an isophorone solvent claim 1 , and a barium sulfate filler.7. The ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the epoxy resin comprises a urethane bond claim 1 , wherein the urethane bond includes a hydrogen atom connected to a nitrogen atom.8. A preparation method of an ink composition claim 1 , the method comprising:preparing an epoxy resin; andmixing an amine curing agent with the epoxy resin, mixing a bifunctional epoxy monomer with ...

PHOTOCURABLE RESIN COMPOSITION AND FABRICATION METHOD OF WINDOW MEMBER USING THE SAME

Provided are a photocurable resin composition and fabrication method of window member using the same. The photocurable resin composition includes a (meth)acrylic resin, a urethane acrylate oligomer, a photopolymerizable monomer and a photopolymerization initiator. Accordingly, deterioration in physical properties such as cracking or decrease of adhesion under additional ultraviolet irradiation conditions, high temperature and high humidity conditions, and thermal shock conditions does not occur. 1. A photocurable resin composition , comprising:based on 100 parts by weight of a (meth)acrylic resin,about 10 to about 50 parts by weight of a urethane acrylate oligomer;about 400 to about 600 parts by weight of a photopolymerizable monomer; andabout 20 to about 40 parts by weight of a photopolymerization initiator.2. The photocurable resin composition of claim 1 , wherein the (meth)acrylic resin has a weight average molecular weight of about 10 claim 1 ,000 to about 70 claim 1 ,000 claim 1 , and has a glass transition temperature of about 50° C. to about 90° C.3. The photocurable resin composition of claim 1 , wherein the photopolymerizable monomer comprises a monofunctional (meth)acrylic monomer claim 1 , a bifunctional (meth)acrylic monomer claim 1 , and a polyfunctional (meth)acrylic monomer.4. The photocurable resin composition of claim 3 , wherein the photopolymerizable monomer is mixed such that the monofunctional (meth)acrylic monomer claim 3 , the bifunctional (meth)acrylic monomer claim 3 , and the polyfunctional (meth)acrylic monomer are in a weight ratio of about 1:about 0.5 to about 1.5:about 0.2 to about 1.5. The photocurable resin composition of claim 1 , wherein the photopolymerizable monomer comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of isoboryl acrylate (IBOA) claim 1 , tetrahydrofuryl acrylate claim 1 , tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate claim 1 , acryloyl morpholine claim 1 , 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate claim 1 , tripropyleneglycol diacrylate claim ...

DETERMINING A LOCATION OF A DISCONNECTED DEVICE

Described herein are techniques for determining a location of a disconnected device. In an example, a method includes instructing a first access point to sniff a wireless channel for probe request packets from disconnected devices, and instructing the first access point to send a distance-probing packet to a disconnected device after receiving a probe request packet from the disconnected device. The method further includes receiving, from the first access point, a MAC address of the disconnected device determined from the received probe request packet. After receiving the MAC address from the first access point, a group of access points is instructed to send distance-probing packets to the disconnected device. The method further includes receiving, from the first access point and the group of access points, time-of-flight measurements associated with the disconnected device. A location of the disconnected device can be determined using the time-of-flight measurements. 115.-. (canceled)16. A location determination system for determining a location of a disconnected device comprising a computing device , including:a processor; and instruct a particular access point (AP) of a group of APs to send a distance-probing packet before sending a probe response packet to the disconnected device after receiving a probe request packet from the disconnected device;', 'receive a media access control (MAC) address of the disconnected device from the probe request packet;', 'instruct the group of APs to send distance-probing packets to the MAC address of the disconnected device; and', 'determine a location of the disconnected device based on time-of-flight (ToF) measurements of each AP of the group of APs., 'a memory storing computer-readable instructions executed by the processor to17. The location determination system of claim 16 , wherein the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processing resource to determine a respective distance of the disconnected device from ...

DETERMINING A LOCATION OF A DEVICE

Described herein are techniques for determining a location of a device. In an example, a group of access points may be selected, Time-of-flight (ToF) measurements relative to the device may be received from each of the access points in the group. A respective distance of the device from each access point may be determined using the ToF measurements and a baseToF value. Location coordinates of the device and a new baseToF value may be determined based on the determined distances and the location coordinates of each access point in the group. 1. A method for determining a location of a device , comprising , by a processor:selecting a group of access points;receiving, from each access point in the group, a time-of-flight (ToF) measurement relative to the device;determining a respective distance of the device from each access point in the group using the ToF measurements and a baseToF value; anddetermining (1) location coordinates of the device and (2) a new baseToF value, based on the determined distances and the location coordinates of each access point in the group.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the selected group of access points comprises four access points claim 1 , and wherein the group of access points are selected from a larger group of more than four access points.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the group of access points are selected because they are determined to form a convex quadrilateral around the device based on the location coordinates of the access points and previously determined location coordinates of the device.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the group of four access points are selected over a second group of four access points that are determined to form a second convex quadrilateral around the device because the convex quadrilateral formed by the group of access points is determined to be smaller than the second convex quadrilateral.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the baseToF value is a default value.6. The method of claim 1 , ...

ESTABLISHING DEDICATED CONNECTION FOR TOKEN REPLACEMENT

Embodiments are directed to establishing dedicated connection for token replacement. Embodiments receive user authentication credentials; validate the user authentication credentials; in response to validation, enable access to one or more features or functions of a mobile application; in some cases, determine that circumstances match a predetermined trigger including potential compromise of the current token, and in response present, on the mobile device, a list of digital wallets with which a current token is associated; receive input indicating which of the digital wallets in the list to provision a new token; receive transfer, over an established dedicated communication channel between a server and the mobile device, the new token; and automatically associate the new token with the indicated digital wallets. 1. A mobile device for establishing a dedicated communication channel for token replacement , the mobile device comprising:a memory;a processor; and receive user authentication credentials;', 'validate the user authentication credentials;', 'in response to validation, enable access to one or more features or functions of a mobile application;', 'present, on the mobile device, a list of digital wallets with which a current token is associated;', 'receive input indicating which of the digital wallets in the list to provision a new token;', 'receive transfer, over an established dedicated communication channel between a server and the mobile device, the new token; and', 'automatically associate the new token with the indicated digital wallets., 'a module stored in the memory, executable by the processor, and configured to2. The mobile device of claim 1 , wherein the module is further configured to:determine that circumstances match a predetermined trigger; andin response, present the list.3. The mobile device of claim 2 , wherein the predetermined trigger comprises potential compromise of the current token.4. The mobile device of claim 3 , wherein determining ...

EXPEDITED SETUP OF DIGITAL WALLET USING CONTACTLESS CREDENTIAL

Embodiments are directed to expedited setup of digital wallet using contactless credentials. Embodiments receive user authentication credentials; validate the user authentication credentials; in response to validation, enable access to one or more features or functions of a mobile application; receive, from the contactless reader, contactless credential information comprising owner identification, credential number, expiration date and cryptogram; load the contactless credential information into a digital wallet stored in the memory; and enable use of a payment token corresponding to the contactless credential information in a digital wallet transaction. 1. A mobile device for expediting setup of digital wallets using a contactless credential , the system comprising:a contactless reader;a memory;a processor; and receive user authentication credentials;', 'validate the user authentication credentials;', 'in response to validation, enable access to one or more features or functions of a mobile application;', 'receive, from the contactless reader, contactless credential information comprising owner identification, credential number, expiration date and cryptogram;', 'load the contactless credential information into a digital wallet stored in the memory; and', 'enable use of a payment token corresponding to the contactless credential information in a digital wallet transaction., 'a module stored in the memory, executable by the processor, and configured to2. The mobile device of claim 1 , wherein the module is further configured to:cause the mobile application to access user identity information associated with the mobile device;compare the accessed user identity information with the contactless credential owner identification; andin response to successful comparison, load the contactless credential information into the digital wallet.3. The mobile device of claim 1 , wherein the module is further configured to:cause the mobile application to access user identity ...

ENABLING AUTHENTICATION SHIFTING BASED ON MOBILE WALLET CHARACTERISTICS

Embodiments are directed to enabling authentication shifting based on mobile wallet characteristics such as presence and/or content of a payment credential or pre-generated token. Embodiments receive a request for access to a function or feature by a user of the mobile device; receive first user authentication credentials from the user; access a mobile wallet storing at least one payment credential associated with an owner of the mobile device, the at least one payment credential comprising owner identity information; compare the first user authentication credentials with the owner identity information; confirm the first user authentication credentials match the owner identity information; and enable access to the requested function or feature. Embodiments also determine that additional user authentication is required for access to the requested function or feature; receive and validate second user authentication credentials; and enable access to one or more features or functions of a mobile application. 1. A mobile device for providing step-up authentication , the mobile device comprising:a memory;a processor; and receive a request for access to a function or feature by a user of the mobile device;', 'receive first user authentication credentials from the user;', 'access a mobile wallet storing at least one payment credential associated with an owner of the mobile device, the at least one payment credential comprising owner identity information;', 'compare the first user authentication credentials with the owner identity information;', 'confirm the first user authentication credentials match the owner identity information; and', 'enable access to the requested function or feature., 'a module stored in the memory, executable by the processor, and configured to2. The mobile device of claim 1 , wherein the module is further configured to:determine that additional user authentication is required for access to the requested function or feature;receive second user ...

SYSTEM FOR TRANSFER OF RESOURCES VIA A SECURE CHANNEL USING AN ALIAS

Systems, computer program products, and methods are described herein for transfer of resources via a secure channel using an alias. The present invention receives a first alias associated with a user; dynamically generates a web portal associated with the entity to enable the user to input an authorization code; electronically receives, via the web portal, the authorization code from the user; determine a first resource event based on at least receiving the first alias and the authorization code; triggers the first resource event based on at least a successful validation of the authorization code; and transfers the resources from the user record associated with the third party to the target record via the secure channel in response to triggering the first resource event. 1. A system for transfer of resources via a secure channel using an alias , the system comprising:at least one non-transitory storage device;at least one processor; and electronically receive, via a user interface associated with a third party, a first alias associated with a user, wherein the first alias is associated with an entity;', 'dynamically generate on the user interface associated with the third party, a web portal associated with the entity, wherein the web portal comprises a control element to enable the user to input an authorization code;', 'electronically receive, via the web portal, the authorization code from the user;', 'determine a first resource event based on at least receiving the first alias and the authorization code, wherein the first resource event comprises a transfer of resources, via a secure channel associated with the entity, from a user record associated with the third party to a target record;', 'trigger the first resource event based on at least a successful validation of the authorization code; and', 'transfer the resources from the user record associated with the third party to the target record via the secure channel in response to triggering the first resource ...

SEMICONDUCTOR PACKAGES HAVING A DAM STRUCTURE

A semiconductor package is disclosed. The disclosed semiconductor package includes a substrate having bonding pads at an upper surface thereof, a lower semiconductor chip, at least one upper semiconductor chip disposed on the lower semiconductor chip, and a dam structure having a closed loop shape surrounding the lower semiconductor chip. The dam structure includes narrow and wide dams disposed between the lower semiconductor chip and the bonding pads. The wide dam has a greater inner width than the narrow dam. The semiconductor packages further includes an underfill disposed inside the dam structure and being filled between the substrate and the lower semiconductor chip. 1. A semiconductor package comprising:a substrate having bonding pads at an upper surface thereof;a lower semiconductor chip disposed on the substrate and at least one upper semiconductor chip disposed on the lower semiconductor chip;a dam structure disposed on the substrate and having a closed loop shape surrounding the lower semiconductor chip, the dam structure including narrow and wide dams, the narrow dam being disposed between the lower semiconductor chip and the bonding pads, and the wide dam having a greater inner width than the narrow dam; andan underfill disposed inside the dam structure and being filled between the substrate and the lower semiconductor chip.2. The semiconductor package according to claim 1 , wherein a distance between the lower semiconductor chip and the wide dam is greater than a distance between the lower semiconductor chip and the narrow dam.3. The semiconductor package according to claim 1 , wherein a distance between the lower semiconductor chip and the narrow dam is smaller than a distance between the lower semiconductor chip and each of the bonding pads.4. The semiconductor package according to claim 1 , wherein:the lower semiconductor chip is electrically connected to the substrate through bumps; andthe upper semiconductor chip is electrically connected to the ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device having improved reliability includes: a display panel including a substrate and an encapsulation layer, the substrate including a display area and a non-display area, and the encapsulation layer being located on the substrate at the display area; and a window on the display panel, and the substrate has a convex shape and has a plurality of first grooves arranged at an outer circumferential surface of the substrate. 1. A display device comprising:a display panel comprising a substrate and an encapsulation layer, the substrate comprising a display area and a non-display area, and the encapsulation layer being located on the substrate at the display area; anda window on the display panel,wherein the substrate has a convex shape and has a plurality of first grooves arranged at an outer circumferential surface of the substrate.2. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the display panel has a circular shape claim 1 , an elliptical shape claim 1 , or a polygonal shape on a plane.3. The display device of claim 2 , wherein the display panel has a dome shape.4. The display device of claim 1 , wherein a distance between two edges defined by the first groove at the outer circumferential surface of the substrate is less than a depth of the first groove on a plane.5. The display device of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of first grooves is disposed at equal intervals along the outer circumferential surface of the substrate.6. The display device of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of first grooves has at least one of a circular shape claim 1 , an elliptical shape claim 1 , a semicircular shape claim 1 , a polygonal shape claim 1 , and a combined shape thereof on a plane.7. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of first grooves are arranged across the display area.8. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the display panel further comprises a protective film below the substrate.9. The display device of claim 8 , wherein the ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANAGING MEMORY OF USER DEVICE

A method and a device dynamically managing background processes according to a memory status so as to efficiently use the memory in a user device supporting a multitasking operating system. The method includes determining reference information for adjustment of the number of background processes; identifying a memory status based on the reference information; and adjusting the number of the background processes in correspondence to the memory status. 1. A method for managing background processes of a user device , the method comprising:determining reference information for adjustment of a number of background processes;identifying a memory status based on the reference information; andadjusting the number of the background processes based on the memory status.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining of the reference information comprises:determining a threshold value for managing processes operating in a background according to a screen resolution, resources, and a total memory size, which are used by the user device; anddetermining a number of available background processes.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the determining of the reference information further comprises:checking the resources and the total memory size; andconfiguring a range of the number of the background processes according to the resources and the total memory size.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the determining of the reference information further comprises:checking the screen resolution; andconfiguring the threshold value according to the screen resolution.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adjusting of the number of the background processes comprises:checking the memory status when a change in a process status is detected; andadjusting the number of the background processes according to the memory status.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the adjusting of the number of background processes further comprises:comparing a threshold value according to the reference information ...

TEST STRIPS FOR DETERMINING THE CONCENTRATION OF A COMPONENT IN A LIQUID COMPOSITION

A test strip for determining the concentration of a component in a liquid composition is disclosed. The test strip comprises a carrier sheet coated with a layer of an adsorbent, and a chemical dye deposited on the test strip near but spaced apart from a bottom edge of the test strip. In some embodiments, the test strip is a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plate, and the retention factor of the chemical dye varies according to the concentration of the component in the liquid composition. A user can determine the concentration of the component based on the migration distance of the chemical dye on the test strip in a chromatography process. The test strip can be used to perform a fast and visual test to determine the ethanol content in a fuel sample. 1. A test strip for determining the concentration of a component in a liquid composition , the test strip comprising a carrier sheet coated with a layer of an adsorbent , and a chemical dye deposited on the test strip near but spaced apart from a bottom edge of the test strip.2. The test strip according to claim 1 , wherein the carrier sheet coated with the adsorbent layer is a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plate.3. The test strip according to claim 2 , wherein the retention factor of the chemical dye is dependent on or has a correlation to the concentration of said component in said liquid composition claim 2 , thereby a user can determine the concentration of said component based on the migration distance of the chemical dye on the test strip in a chromatography process.4. The test strip according to claim 3 , wherein said liquid composition is an alcohol/fuel mixture or alcohol/fuel/oil mixture and the test strip is for determining the alcohol concentration in the mixture.5. The test strip according to claim 4 , wherein the alcohol is methanol claim 4 , ethanol claim 4 , propanol claim 4 , or butanol.6. The test strip according to claims wherein the alcohol is ethanol.7. The test strip according to claim 6 , wherein ...

ORGANIC-INORGANIC PEROVSKITE MATERIALS AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME

The present disclosure relates to a method that includes treating a liquid that includes a first precursor at a concentration C, a second precursor at a concentration C, a third precursor at a concentration C, and an additive at a concentration C, where the treating results in a perovskite, each of C, C, and Care between 0.001 M and 100 M, inclusively, and at least one of C/Cor C/Cequals a ratio greater than or equal to zero 1. A method comprising:{'sub': 1', '2', '3', '4, 'treating a liquid comprising a first precursor at a concentration C, a second precursor at a concentration C, a third precursor at a concentration C, and an additive at a concentration C, whereinthe treating results in a perovskite,{'sub': 1', '2', '3, 'each of C, C, and Care between 0.001 M and 100 M, inclusively, and'}{'sub': 4', '1', '4', '2, 'at least one of C/Cor C/Cequals a ratio greater than or equal to zero.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the perovskite comprises:a first cation (A) having a 1+ valence state;a second cation (B) having a valence state of at least one of 1+, 2+, 3+, or 4+; anda first anion (X) having a valence state of 1−.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the perovskite has a composition comprising at least one of ABX claim 2 , ABB′X claim 2 , ABX claim 2 , or ABX.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein:the perovskite further comprises a third cation (A′), and{'sub': x', '1-x', '3, 'the composition comprises AA′BX, where 0 Подробнее

NANOPARTICLE POLYMER AND METHOD OF PREPARING A NANOPARTICLE POLYMER

Provided is a nanoparticle polymer in which a plurality of core particles that are linked to each other by a linker are surrounded by a metal-chalcogenide compound shell. The nanoparticle polymer may include a nanoparticle polymer including a core assembly including at least two nanoparticles connected to each other by a linker; and a shell that surrounds a surface of the core assembly and includes a metal-chalcogenide compound. 1. A nanoparticle polymer comprising:a core assembly comprising at least two nanoparticles connected to each other by a linker; anda shell that surrounds a surface of the core assembly and comprises a metal-chalcogenide compound.2. The nanoparticle polymer of claim 1 , wherein the linker comprises diamines claim 1 , diimides claim 1 , dithiols claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The nanoparticle polymer of claim 2 , wherein the linker comprises diamines claim 2 , and the diamines are NH—R1-NH claim 2 , where R1 is a C1-C20 divalent aliphatic or aromatic group.4. The nanoparticle polymer of claim 3 , wherein the diamines are 1 claim 3 ,7-diaminohexane claim 3 , hydrazine claim 3 , ethylenediamine claim 3 , phenylenediamine claim 3 , or a combination thereof.5. The nanoparticle polymer of claim 2 , wherein the linker comprises diimides and the diimides are terrylene diimide.6. The nanoparticle polymer of claim 2 , wherein the linker comprises dithiols and the dithiols are SH—R2-SH claim 2 , where R2 is a C1-C20 divalent aliphatic or aromatic group.7. The nanoparticle polymer of claim 6 , wherein the dithiols are 1 claim 6 ,6-hexanedithiol.8. The nanoparticle polymer of claim 1 , wherein a distance between the nanoparticles is from about 0.1 nm to about 20 nm.9. The nanoparticle polymer of claim 1 , wherein the metal-chalcogenide compound is a cationic metal-chalcogenide compound.10. The nanoparticle polymer of claim 1 , wherein the metal-chalcogenide compound is an anionic metal-chalcogenide compound.11. The nanoparticle polymer of claim 1 , ...

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR THE SPECIFIC INHIBITION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA

The invention is directed to compositions and methods for selectively reducing the expression of a gene product from a desired target gene in a cell, as well as for treating diseases caused by the expression of the gene. More particularly, the invention is directed to compositions that contain double stranded RNA (“dsRNA”), and methods for preparing them, that are capable of reducing the expression of target genes in eukaryotic cells. The dsRNA has a first oligonucleotide sequence that is between 25 and about 30 nucleotides in length and a second oligonucleotide sequence that anneals to the first sequence under biological conditions. In addition, a region of one of the sequences of the dsRNA having a sequence length of at least 19 nucleotides is sufficiently complementary to a nucleotide sequence of the RNA produced from the target gene to trigger the destruction of the target RNA by the RNAi machinery. 2. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 , wherein said second oligonucleotide strand is complementary to said target mRNA along at least 19 nucleotides of said second oligonucleotide strand length.3. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 , wherein said second oligonucleotide strand is sufficiently complementary to said target mRNA along at least 19 nucleotides of said second oligonucleotide strand length to reduce target gene expression when said nucleic acid molecule is introduced into a mammalian cell.4. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 , wherein said first strand has a length which is at least 26 nucleotides.5. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 , wherein said nucleic acid molecule comprises a duplex region of at least 26 nucleotides in length.6. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 , wherein said second strand is two nucleotides longer at its 3′ terminus than said first strand.7. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 , wherein said first strand of said nucleic acid molecule is 25 nucleotides in length and said second strand is 27 nucleotides in length.8. The ...

BRAGG GRATING, AND SPECTROSCOPY DEVICE INCLUDING THE BRAGG GRATING

Provided are a Bragg grating and a spectroscopy device including the same. The Bragg grating is disposed at each of opposite ends of a resonator for reflecting light of a certain wavelength band and includes a core member extending from a waveguide of the resonator in a lengthwise direction of the waveguide; a plurality of first refractive members protruding from the core member and spaced apart from each other along the lengthwise direction; and a second refractive member filling spaces between the first refractive members and having a refractive index different from a refractive index of the first refractive members. 1. A Bragg grating disposed at each of opposite ends of a resonator for reflecting light of a certain wavelength band , the Bragg grating comprising:a core member extending from a waveguide of the resonator in a lengthwise direction of the waveguide;a plurality of first refractive members protruding from the core member; anda second refractive member filling spaces between the first refractive members,wherein pitches between the plurality of first refractive members vary along the lengthwise direction, andwherein at least one of a width of the core member and protruding lengths of the first refractive members varies along the lengthwise direction.2. The Bragg grating of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of first refractive members protrude from opposite sides of the core member in a width direction of the core member.3. The Bragg grating of claim 2 , wherein a width of the core member gradually reduces along the lengthwise direction of the core member toward a center portion of the core member claim 2 , and protruding lengths of the plurality of first refractive members gradually increase along the lengthwise direction toward the center portion of the core member. This is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/208,953 filed on Jul. 13, 2016, which claims priority from Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0166416, filed on Nov. 26, ...

CONTAINER FOR ENERGY STORAGE APPARATUS

The present invention relates to a container for an energy storage apparatus, the container including: a container main body which defines an internal space finished by an upper plate, a lower plate, and a plurality of sidewalls; a first support frame which is installed on the upper plate of the container main body; a second support frame which is installed on the lower plate of the container main body; and one or more vertical frames which are coupled to the first and second support frames in a vertical direction, and configure vertical frames for a typically used battery rack. 1. A container for an energy storage apparatus , the container comprising:a container main body which defines an internal space finished by an upper plate, a lower plate, and one or more sidewalls;support frames which are installed on the upper plate and the lower plate of the container main body; andone or more vertical frames which are coupled to the support frames in a vertical direction, and configure vertical frames for a typically used battery rack.2. The container of claim 1 , wherein the support frames include a first support frame which is installed on the upper plate of the container main body claim 1 , and a second support frame which is installed on the lower plate of the container main body.3. The container of claim 1 , wherein the support frame includes one or more first coupling grooves so as to be coupled to the vertical frame.4. The container of claim 3 , further comprising:one or more fixing members for fixing a coupling of the support frames and the vertical frame.5. The container of claim 1 , wherein the vertical frame provides support portions for supporting a battery.6. The container of claim 5 , wherein the vertical frame includes one or more second coupling grooves so as to be coupled to the support portions. This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-0161537 filed on Nov. 19, 2014, the entire contents of which are ...

ORIENTED PEROVSKITE CRYSTALS AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME

An aspect of the present disclosure is a method that includes combining a first organic salt (AX), a first metal salt (M(X)), a second organic salt (AX), a second metal salt (MCl), and a solvent to form a primary solution, where AXand M(X)are present in the primary solution at a first ratio between about 0.5 to 1.0 and about 1.5 to 1.0, and AXto MClare present in the primary solution at a second ratio between about 2.0 to 1.0 and about 4.0 to 1.0. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one of Aor Amay include at least one of an alkyl ammonium, an alkyl diamine, cesium, and/or rubidium.

CROSS-CHANNEL DETECTION SYSTEM WITH REAL-TIME DYNAMIC NOTIFICATION PROCESSING

The invention describes a system and method employing machine learning and artificial intelligence engines to monitor data streams in real-time across multiple channels in order to detect anomalies and generate prioritized alerts. In particular, the invention may continuously collect data across multiple channels. The obtained data may be compared with reference data to continuously update a confidence level associated with the user, channel, entity, or other identifying factor. Based on the confidence level, profile the user to detect any inconsistencies in the data collected over time and generate an alert to the user in question and potentially to other downstream users or entities. In this way, the invention not only provides a way to detect anomalies in a cross-channel fashion, but also creates a mechanism for feedback wherein the system may incorporate user feedback to resolve alerts and detected anomalies. 1. A system for cross-channel detection with real-time dynamic alert processing and prioritization , the system comprising:a plurality of data channels configured to transmit a plurality of data streams; and receive the plurality of data streams from the plurality of data channels, wherein the plurality of data channels produce disparate streams of data;', 'integrate the disparate stream of data from the plurality of data channels in real-time;', 'receive reference data from internal and external databases, wherein the reference data is categorized according to entity, user, and transaction identification characteristics;', 'analyze the integrated data and the received reference data using single-channel and multi-channel machine learning engines to identify an anomaly in the integrated data;', 'calculate a resource impact prediction for the identified anomaly; and', 'generate a cross-channel alert across plurality of data channels with a priority level determined by the resource impact prediction., 'a controller for integrating the plurality of data ...

EXTREME CONDENSING BOILER

An extreme condensing boiler includes cold and hot water headers, burner, and multi-tubing heat exchanger, so that cold water absorbs heat from exhaust gas of the burner being heated to medium-hot, which absorbs heat generated by the burner being heated to hot water through absorbing heat from both sides of tube portion of the multi-tubing heat exchanger, and so that the hot water is delivered to the hot water header, and a combustion air heat exchanger is provided around the multi-tubing heat exchanger. The condensing boiler uses dual/triple tubes for fire and water tubes, increasing efficiency by absorbing heat from both sides. The fire tube is surrounded by the cold water tube so as to minimize exhaust gas temperature and maximize condensing by absorbing waste heat. The condensing boiler realizes a direct fire boiler through the fire and water tubes, and an energy-saving tankless boiler including headers and tubes only. 1. An extreme condensing boiler comprising:a cold water header provided in an upper portion of a main body and configured for receiving from a cold water supply tube and distributing cold water to a plurality of multi-tubing heat exchangers;a hot water header provided in a lower portion of the cold water header and configured for receiving and discharging hot water to an outside;a burner provided in a lower portion of the main body and configured for generating heat;the plurality of multi-tubing heat exchangers configured so that cold water goes down therethrough, absorbs heat from exhaust gas of the burner, and is heated to medium-hot water, and then the medium-hot water rises therethrough, absorbs the heat generated by the burner, and is heated to hot water, through absorbing heat from both sides of corresponding tube portion of the multi-tubing heat exchanger, and then the hot water is delivered to the hot water header; anda combustion air heat exchanger provided around the multi-tubing heat exchanger in the main body, so as to provide the ...

MACHINE LEARNING SYSTEM

There is described a machine learning system comprising a first subsystem and a second subsystem remote from the first subsystem. The first subsystem comprises an environment having multiple possible states and a decision making subsystem comprising one or more agents. Each agent is arranged to receive state information indicative of a current state of the environment and to generate an action signal dependent on the received state information and a policy associated with that agent, the action signal being operable to cause a change in a state of the environment. Each agent is further arranged to generate experience data dependent on the received state information and information conveyed by the action signal. The first subsystem includes a first network interface configured to send said experience data to the second subsystem and to receive policy data from the second subsystem. The second subsystem comprises: a second network interface configured to receive experience data from the first subsystem and send policy data to the first subsystem; and a policy learner configured to process said received experience data to generate said policy data, dependent on the experience data, for updating one or more policies associated with the one or more agents. The decision making subsystem is operable to update the one or more policies associated with the one or more agents in accordance with policy data received from the second subsystem. 118.-. (canceled)20. The system of claim 19 , wherein the sending of state information and action signals between the environment and the one or more agents is decoupled from the sending of experience data and policy data between the first subsystem and the second subsystem.21. The system of claim 19 , wherein:the first subsystem and the second subsystem are configured to communicate with one another via an application programming interface, API; andthe experience data sent from the first subsystem to the second subsystem has a format ...

ALTERNATE USER COMMUNICATION ROUTING FOR A ONE-TIME CREDENTIAL

The invention relates to alternate user communication routing for a one-time credential. When a user is determined to be an unauthorized user, the unauthorized user may be provided with an alternative one-time credential (e.g., one-time password, or the like) in response to the user trying to take an action (e.g., to access the organization systems in order to access information). When the unauthorized user tries to utilize the alternative one-time credential, the organization may identify the user as unauthorized and determine how to respond to the unauthorized user. In addition to the alternative one-time credential, one or more additional alternate treatments may be presented to the unauthorized user in order to identify, track, and/or prevent access by the unauthorized user. 1. A system for providing alternate treatments for interactions with unauthorized users , the system comprising:one or more memories having computer readable code stored thereon; and receive a request from a user to access information;', 'receive an authentication credential from the user, wherein the authentication credential is received from one or more user computer systems;', 'determine when the user is an unauthorized user based on the authentication credential;', 'determine one or more alternate treatments previously presented to the unauthorized user;', 'identify an alternate treatment to present to the unauthorized user, wherein the alternate treatment is different from the one or more alternate treatments previously presented to the unauthorized user;', 'provide the alternate treatment to the unauthorized user; and', 'capture unauthorized user information from the unauthorized user based on the alternate treatment., 'one or more processors operatively coupled to the one or more memories, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the computer readable code to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the computer ...

ALTERNATE USER COMMUNICATION ROUTING FOR A ONE-TIME CREDENTIAL

The invention relates to alternate user communication routing for a one-time credential. When a user is determined to be an unauthorized user, the unauthorized user may be provided with an alternative one-time credential (e.g., one-time password, or the like) in response to the user trying to take an action (e.g., to access the organization systems in order to access information). When the unauthorized user tries to utilize the alternative one-time credential, the organization may identify the user as unauthorized and determine how to respond to the unauthorized user. In addition to the alternative one-time credential, one or more additional alternate treatments may be presented to the unauthorized user in order to identify, track, and/or prevent access by the unauthorized user. 1. A system for providing alternate treatments for interactions with unauthorized users , the system comprising:one or more memories having computer readable code stored thereon; and receive a request from a user to access information;', 'receive an authentication credential from the user, wherein the authentication credential is received from one or more user computer systems;', 'determine when the user is an unauthorized user based on the authentication credential;', providing an icon to the unauthorized user on the one or more user computer systems indicating that the information is being accessed; and', 'preventing the information from being provided to the unauthorized user on the one or more user computer systems for as long as the unauthorized user maintains the interaction; and, 'provide an alternate treatment to the unauthorized user, wherein the alternate treatment comprises extending a time for an interaction by, 'capture unauthorized user information from the unauthorized user based on the alternate treatment., 'one or more processors operatively coupled to the one or more memories, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the computer readable code to2. The ...

ALTERNATE USER COMMUNICATION ROUTING FOR A ONE-TIME CREDENTIAL

The invention relates to alternate user communication routing for a one-time credential. When a user is determined to be an unauthorized user, the unauthorized user may be provided with an alternative one-time credential (e.g., one-time password, or the like) in response to the user trying to take an action (e.g., to access the organization systems in order to access information). When the unauthorized user tries to utilize the alternative one-time credential, the organization may identify the user as unauthorized and determine how to respond to the unauthorized user. In addition to the alternative one-time credential, one or more additional alternate treatments may be presented to the unauthorized user in order to identify, track, and/or prevent access by the unauthorized user. 1. A system for providing alternate treatments for interactions with unauthorized users , the system comprising:one or more memories having computer readable code stored thereon; and receive a request from a user to access information;', 'receive an authentication credential from the user, wherein the authentication credential is received from one or more user computer systems;', 'determine when the user is an unauthorized user based on the authentication credential;', identifying the information the unauthorized user has requested; and', 'providing an indication that the information is currently unavailable to the unauthorized user on the one or more user computer systems; and, 'provide an alternate treatment to the unauthorized user, wherein the alternate treatment comprises indicating that the information requested is unavailable by, 'capture unauthorized user information from the unauthorized user based on the alternate treatment., 'one or more processors operatively coupled to the one or more memories, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the computer readable code to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute ...

ALTERNATE USER COMMUNICATION ROUTING FOR A ONE-TIME CREDENTIAL

The invention relates to alternate user communication routing for a one-time credential. When a user is determined to be an unauthorized user, the unauthorized user may be provided with an alternative one-time credential (e.g., one-time password, or the like) in response to the user trying to take an action (e.g., to access the organization systems in order to access information). When the unauthorized user tries to utilize the alternative one-time credential, the organization may identify the user as unauthorized and determine how to respond to the unauthorized user. In addition to the alternative one-time credential, one or more additional alternate treatments may be presented to the unauthorized user in order to identify, track, and/or prevent access by the unauthorized user. 1. A system for providing alternate treatments for interactions with unauthorized users , the system comprising:one or more memories having computer readable code stored thereon; and receive a request from a user to access information;', 'receive an authentication credential from the user, wherein the authentication credential is received from one or more user computer systems;', 'determine when the user is an unauthorized user based on the authentication credential;', 'identify the information in which the unauthorized user has requested;', 'prevent providing the information to the unauthorized user;', 'provide an alternate treatment to the unauthorized user, wherein the alternate treatment comprises requesting contact information from the unauthorized user; and', 'capture unauthorized user information from the unauthorized user based on the alternate treatment., 'one or more processors operatively coupled to the one or more memories, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the computer readable code to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the computer readable code to:receive a request for a one time credential, ...

ALTERNATE USER COMMUNICATION ROUTING FOR A ONE-TIME CREDENTIAL

The invention relates to alternate user communication routing for a one-time credential. When a user is determined to be an unauthorized user, the unauthorized user may be provided with an alternative one-time credential (e.g., one-time password, or the like) in response to the user trying to take an action (e.g., to access the organization systems in order to access information). When the unauthorized user tries to utilize the alternative one-time credential, the organization may identify the user as unauthorized and determine how to respond to the unauthorized user. In addition to the alternative one-time credential, one or more additional alternate treatments may be presented to the unauthorized user in order to identify, track, and/or prevent access by the unauthorized user. 1. A system for providing alternate treatments for interactions with unauthorized users , the system comprising:one or more memories having computer readable code stored thereon; and receive a request from a user to access information;', 'receive an authentication credential from the user, wherein the authentication credential is received from one or more user computer systems;', 'determine when the user is an unauthorized user based on the authentication credential;', 'provide an alternate treatment to the unauthorized user, wherein the alternate treatment comprises transferring the unauthorized user to an alternate channel;', 'identify a representative to which to transfer the unauthorized user, wherein the representative is trained to respond to the unauthorized users;', 'transfer the unauthorized user to the representative; and', 'capture unauthorized user information from the unauthorized user based on the alternate treatment., 'one or more processors operatively coupled to the one or more memories, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the computer readable code to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the ...

ALTERNATE USER COMMUNICATION ROUTING

A system and methods for alternate user communication routing are described. Unauthorized users are identified and alternate treatments are provided in order to deter unauthorized access and create opportunities for data collection. The use of a varied set of alternate treatments provides an enhanced view of unauthorized user behavior and an increased ability to track future unauthorized user actions by recording various user identity/communication characteristics specific to known unauthorized users. Alternate treatments may be provided randomly based on a set of alternate treatments previously provided to a specific user, or may be varied based on an identified group of unauthorized users presumed to be acting in concert. 1. A system for alternate user communication routing , the system comprising:one or more memory components having computer readable code store thereon; and receive a request for an action via a communication from a user via a communication channel from one or more communication channels;', 'determine authentication credentials for the user from the communication;', 'determine that the user is an unauthorized user based on the authentication credentials;', 'prevent an alert that the unauthorized user is unauthorized from being transmitted to a representative communicating with the unauthorized user;', 'provide an alternate treatment to the unauthorized user; and', "capture information from the unauthorized user based on the communication and the user's response to the alternate treatment."], 'one or more processing components operatively coupled to the one or more memory components, wherein the one or more processing components are configured to execute the computer readable code to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the authentication credentials are user information or device information received from the communication3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the alternate treatment comprises providing an extended period of hold time via one or more ...

ALTERNATE USER COMMUNICATION ROUTING

A system and methods for alternate user communication routing are described. Unauthorized users are identified and alternate treatments are provided in order to deter unauthorized access and create opportunities for data collection. The use of a varied set of alternate treatments provides an enhanced view of unauthorized user behavior and an increased ability to track future unauthorized user actions by recording various user identity/communication characteristics specific to known unauthorized users. Alternate treatments may be provided randomly based on a set of alternate treatments previously provided to a specific user, or may be varied based on an identified group of unauthorized users presumed to be acting in concert. 1. A system for alternate user communication routing , the system comprising:one or more memory components having computer readable code store thereon; and receive a request for an action via a communication from a user via a communication channel from one or more communication channels;', 'determine authentication credentials for the user from the communication;', 'determine that the user is an unauthorized user based on the authentication credentials;', 'identify one or more previous alternate treatments provided to the unauthorized user;', 'select an alternate treatment based on the one or more previous alternate treatments, wherein the alternate treatment is different than the one or more previous alternate treatments;', 'provide the alternate treatment to the unauthorized user; and', "capture information from the unauthorized user based on the communication and the user's response to the alternate treatment."], 'one or more processing components operatively coupled to the one or more memory components, wherein the one or more processing components are configured to execute the computer readable code to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the authentication credentials are user information or device information received from the communication3. ...

DOUBLE-STRANDED AND SINGLE-STRANDED RNA MOLECULES WITH 5' TRIPHOSPHATES AND THEIR USE FOR INDUCING INTERFERON

Double-stranded and single-stranded RNA molecules, and their use in methods for inducing interferon are provided. The interferon induction provides anti-viral and other medically useful effects, such as anti-cancer effects. Also provided are methods for reducing or inhibiting interferon induction exhibited by such molecules, particularly siRNA and shRNA molecules produced in vitro. 1. A method for inducing an anti-viral response in a cell , comprising introducing into a cell an effective amount of an RNAi molecule having a 5′-triphosphate , wherein said RNAi molecule induces interferon and elicits an anti-viral response mediated by said interferon induction.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said RNAi molecule is produced in vitro by a phage polymerase.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said polymerase is T7 RNA polymerase.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said RNAi molecule is an siRNA or an shRNA molecule.5. An in vitro method for producing an RNAi molecule which reduces interferon induction while maintaining the efficacy of said RNAi molecule claim 1 , comprising:removing one or more 5′ triphosphates from an RNAi molecule produced in vitro, wherein said removal reduces interferon induction while maintaining the efficacy of said RNAi molecule.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said removal occurs by cleaving said one or more 5′-triphosphates from said RNAi molecule with one or both of a ribonuclease and a phosphatase.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said ribonuclease is a T1 ribonuclease.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein said phosphatase is a calf intestinal phosphatase (CIP).9. The method of claim 5 , wherein said RNAi molecule contains at least two bases at the 3′ terminus which prevent base pairing with a 5′ guanine of said RNAi molecule prior to said removal of one or more 5′-triphosphates.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the two bases are adenosines. The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/446,324 (now U.S. Pat. ...

INK COMPOSITION, WINDOW USING THE SAME, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF WINDOW USING THE SAME

An ink composition includes an acrylic resin including a polymerization product of a first monomer having a hydroxyl group, a second monomer having an epoxy group, a third monomer having an acrylate group, and a fourth monomer having a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a first curing agent having an isocyanate group, and a second curing agent having an amine group. Durability and abrasion resistance of a window may be improved. 1. An ink composition , comprising:an acrylic resin comprising a polymerization of product of a first monomer having a hydroxyl group, a second monomer having an epoxy group, a third monomer having an acrylate group, and a fourth monomer having a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group;a first curing agent having an isocyanate group; anda second curing agent having an amine group.2. The ink composition of claim 1 , further comprising an epoxy resin.3. The ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the first monomer is hydroxypropyl acrylate.4. The ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the second monomer is glycidyl methacrylate claim 1 , glycidyl acrylate claim 1 , allyl glycidyl ether claim 1 , or a combination thereof.5. The ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the third monomer is methyl methacrylate.6. The ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the fourth monomer is benzyl methacrylate claim 1 , styrene claim 1 , t-butyl styrene claim 1 , or a combination thereof.7. The ink composition of claim 1 , comprising claim 1 , based on 100 moles of the acrylic resin claim 1 ,from about 10 moles to about 30 moles of the first monomer;from about 10 moles to about 20 moles of the second monomer;from about 20 moles to about 35 moles of the third monomer; andfrom about 20 moles to about 35 moles of the fourth monomer.9. The ink composition of claim 1 , wherein the acrylic resin is a polymer resin having a weight average molecular weight of from about 20 claim 1 ,000 grams/mole to about 40 claim 1 ,000 grams/mole.10. The ink composition of claim 1 , ...

Methods and Compositions For The Specific Inhibition of Gene Expression by Double-Stranded RNA

The invention is directed to compositions and methods for selectively reducing the expression of a gene product from a desired target gene in a cell, as well as for treating diseases caused by the expression of the gene. More particularly, the invention is directed to compositions that contain double stranded RNA (“dsRNA”), and methods for preparing them, that are capable of reducing the expression of target genes in eukaryotic cells. The dsRNA has a first oligonucleotide sequence that is between 25 and about 30 nucleotides in length and a second oligonucleotide sequence that anneals to the first sequence under biological conditions. In addition, a region of one of the sequences of the dsRNA having a sequence length of at least 19 nucleotides is sufficiently complementary to a nucleotide sequence of the RNA produced from the target gene to trigger the destruction of the target RNA by the RNAi machinery. 1a first oligonucleotide strand that is 25-30 nucleotides in length and contains 1-3 DNA bases on the 3′ end of the first oligonucleotide strand; anda second oligonucleotide strand that is 25-30 nucleotides in length comprising an overhang of unmodified and/or modified nucleotides and a domain that hybridizes to the first oligonucleotide strand comprising unmodified and modified nucleotides,wherein said second oligonucleotide strand is sufficiently complementary to a target mRNA encoded by said target gene to reduce target gene expression when said nucleic acid molecule is introduced into a subject or a cell derived from said subject.. A formulation comprising a nucleic acid molecule capable of reducing the expression of a target gene, the nucleic acid molecule comprising: The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/537,578 filed 10 Nov. 2014, which in turn is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/491,937 filed 8 Jun. 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,883,996, which in turn is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. ...

POLYMER RESIN, WINDOW MODULE INCLUDING THE SAME, AND DISPLAY APPARATUS INCLUDING THE SAME

A window module including a window, a first print layer, an ink layer, and a protective layer covering the ink layer. The ink layer includes a polymer resin polymerized from monomers including a first monomer which is an acrylic monomer substituted with a hydroxy group, a second monomer having an epoxy group, and at least one of a third monomer having a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a fourth monomer which is an acrylic monomer having a substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic alkyl group, and thus, has excellent durability, chemical resistance, and abrasion resistance. 1. A window module comprising:a window;a first print layer disposed on the window and having an opening to the window;an ink layer disposed in the opening and including a base resin and at least one of a pigment or a dye dispersed in the base resin; anda protective layer covering the ink layer, wherein a first monomer which is an acrylic monomer substituted with a hydroxy group,', 'a second monomer having an epoxy group, and', 'at least one of a third monomer having a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a fourth monomer which is an acrylic monomer having a substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic alkyl group., 'a polymer resin polymerized from monomers comprising'}, 'the protective layer includes4. The window module of claim 1 , wherein the polymer resin comprises both the third monomer and the fourth monomer.5. The window module of claim 1 , whereinthe first monomer comprises at least one of hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, or hydroxypropyl acrylate,the second monomer comprises at least one of a bisphenol-A type epoxy monomer, glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl acrylate, or allyl glycidyl ether,the third monomer comprises at least one of isopropenyl benzene or t-butyl styrene, andthe fourth monomer comprises at least one of isobornyl acrylate or isobornyl methacrylate.6. The window module of claim 1 , wherein the polymer resin is polymerized by in the presence of at ...

ALTERNATE USER COMMUNICATION ROUTING FOR A ONE-TIME CREDENTIAL

The invention relates to alternate user communication routing for a one-time credential. When a user is determined to be an unauthorized user, the unauthorized user may be provided with an alternative one-time credential (e.g., one-time password, or the like) in response to the user trying to take an action (e.g., to access the organization systems in order to access information). When the unauthorized user tries to utilize the alternative one-time credential, the organization may identify the user as unauthorized and determine how to respond to the unauthorized user. In addition to the alternative one-time credential, one or more additional alternate treatments may be presented to the unauthorized user in order to identify, track, and/or prevent access by the unauthorized user. 1. A system for providing alternate treatments for interactions with unauthorized users , the system comprising:one or more memories having computer readable code stored thereon; and receive a request from a user to access information;', 'receive an authentication credential from the user, wherein the authentication credential is received from one or more user computer system;', 'receive a request for a one time credential, wherein the request is received from the one or more user computer systems;', 'determine when the user is an unauthorized user based on the authentication credential;', 'transmit an alternative one time credential to the unauthorized user;', 'receive the alternative one time credential from the unauthorized user;', 'provide an alternate treatment to the unauthorized user; and', 'capture unauthorized user information from the unauthorized user based on the alternative one time credential or the alternate treatment., 'one or more processors operatively coupled to the one or more memories, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the computer readable code to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute ...

ALTERNATE USER COMMUNICATION ROUTING

A system and methods for alternate user communication routing are described. Unauthorized users are identified and alternate treatments are provided in order to deter unauthorized access and create opportunities for data collection. The use of a varied set of alternate treatments provides an enhanced view of unauthorized user behavior and an increased ability to track future unauthorized user actions by recording various user identity/communication characteristics specific to known unauthorized users. Alternate treatments may be provided randomly based on a set of alternate treatments previously provided to a specific user, or may be varied based on an identified group of unauthorized users presumed to be acting in concert. 1. A system for alternate user communication routing , the system comprising:one or more memory components having computer readable code store thereon; and receive a request for an action via a communication from a user via a communication channel from one or more communication channels;', 'determine authentication credentials for the user from the communication;', 'determine that the user is an unauthorized user based on the authentication credentials;', 'provide an alternate treatment to the unauthorized user; and', "capture information from the unauthorized user based on the communication and the user's response to the alternate treatment."], 'one or more processing components operatively coupled to the one or more memory components, wherein the one or more processing components are configured to execute the computer readable code to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the authentication credentials are user information or device information received from the communication3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the alternate treatment comprises providing an extended period of hold time via one or more communication channels.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the alternate treatment comprises providing alternative resource pool information.5. The ...

ALTERNATE USER COMMUNICATION ROUTING UTILIZING A UNIQUE USER IDENTIFICATION

A system and method for providing an alternate treatment for an interaction with unauthorized users is provided. The system receives a request from a user to access information and further receives an authentication credential from the user, wherein the authentication credential is received from one or more user computer systems. The system determines that the user is an unauthorized user based on the authentication credential, and in response, provides an alternate treatment to the unauthorized user. Unauthorized user information is captured from the unauthorized user based on the alternate treatment; and used to generate a unique user identification profile for the unauthorized user. User profiles are further categorized for efficient application of additional alternate treatments. 1. A system for providing an alternate treatment for an interaction with unauthorized users , the system comprising:one or more memory components having computer readable code stored thereon; and receive a request from a user to access information;', 'receive an authentication credential from the user, wherein the authentication credential is received from one or more user computer systems;', 'determine that the user is an unauthorized user based on the authentication credential;', 'provide an alternate treatment to the unauthorized user;', 'capture unauthorized user information from the unauthorized user based on the alternate treatment; and', 'based on the captured unauthorized user information, generate a unique user identification profile for the unauthorized user., 'one or more processing components operatively coupled to the one or more memory components, wherein the one or more processing components are configured to execute the computer readable code to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein determining that the user is an unauthorized user based on the authentication credential further comprises:determining that the unauthorized user has a preexisting unique user identification ...

ALTERNATE DISPLAY GENERATION BASED ON USER IDENTIFICATION

The invention relates generally to an alternate display generation based on user identification of unauthorized users. When the user is identified as an unauthorized user, the organization may present an alternative interface to the unauthorized user. The organization monitors how the unauthorized user utilizes the alternative interface, such as action requests that the unauthorized user may take through the use of the alternative interface. In response to any action requests from the unauthorized user, the organization may take alternative actions in order to make it seem that the unauthorized user was successful in the action request. In this way, the organization may monitor the use of the alternative interface by the unauthorized user, and capture additional information from the unauthorized user in order to identify, track, and/or prevent access by unauthorized users in the future. 1. A system for providing alternative interfaces to unauthorized users , the system comprising:one or more memories having computer readable code stored thereon; and receive a request from a user to access a user interface;', 'receive an authentication credential from a user, wherein the authentication credential is received from one or more user computer system;', 'determine when the user is an unauthorized user based on the authentication credential;', 'identify the alternative interface, wherein the alternative interface mimics the user interface;', 'provide the alternative interface to the unauthorized user for display on the one or more user computer systems;', 'monitor use of the alternative interface by the unauthorized user; and', 'capture unauthorized user information from the use of the alternative interface by the unauthorized user., 'one or more processors operatively coupled to the one or more memories, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the computer readable code to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are further ...

SYSTEM FOR RESOURCE MONITORING AND TRANSMITTING ELECTRONIC ALERTS USING EVENT-BASED TRIGGERS

A system provides resource monitoring and transmitting electronic alerts using event-based triggers. The system may determine, based on a user's identity, that the user requires additional security and monitoring products and/or services with respect to the user's account. In this regard, the system may continuously monitor the user's activity (e.g., to monitor a resource associated with the user account). The system may further define user events which may trigger the transmission of electronic alerts sent to computing devices of the user and/or third parties associated with the user. 1. A system for resource monitoring and transmitting electronic alerts using event-based triggers , the system comprising:a memory device with computer-readable program code stored thereon;a communication device; and continuously monitor a user account in real time;', 'detect a trigger event associated with the user account;', 'transmit a first notification to a user device associated with the user account; and', 'transmit a second notification to a third party device associated with the user account., 'a processing device operatively coupled to the memory device and the communication device, wherein the processing device is configured to execute the computer-readable program code to2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein continuously monitoring the user account in real time comprises at least one of monitoring devices used to access the user account and geographic location of the devices used to access the user account.3. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the trigger event is an attempt to access the user account using an unknown device and unusual geographic location.4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the first notification comprises a resource transfer amount and location at which the resource transfer was attempted.5. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the trigger event is a resource transfer request claim 1 , wherein the computer-readable program ...

SEMICONDUCTOR PACKAGE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SEMICONDUCTOR PACKAGE

A semiconductor package includes a first semiconductor chip including a first bonding pad on a first surface of a first substrate, a first through electrode penetrating through the first substrate and electrically connected to the first bonding pad, a first recess with a desired depth in the first substrate from a second surface of the first substrate and exposing an end portion of the first through electrode, and a second bonding pad in the first recess and electrically connected to the first through electrode, a second semiconductor chip stacked on the second surface of the first substrate and including a third bonding pad on a third surface of a second substrate, and a conductive connection member between the second bonding pad and the third bonding pad. At least a portion of the conductive connection member may be in the first recess. 1. A semiconductor package , comprising: the first recess being recessed from the second surface of the first substrate to a depth in the first substrate and exposing an end portion of the first through electrode through a bottom of the first recess,', 'the second bonding pad being in the first recess and electrically connected to the first through electrode;, 'a first semiconductor chip including a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite each other, a first bonding pad on the first surface of the first substrate, a first through electrode penetrating through the first substrate and being electrically connected to the first bonding pad, and a second bonding pad in a first recess of the first substrate,'}a second semiconductor chip stacked on the second surface of the first substrate, the second semiconductor chip including a second substrate having a third surface and a fourth surface opposite to each other and a third bonding pad on the third surface; anda conductive connection member between the second bonding pad and the third bonding pad, at least a portion of the conductive connection member being ...

Methods and compositions for the specific inhibition of gene expression by double-stranded rna

Methods and compositions for the specific inhibition of gene expression by double-stranded RNA

The invention is directed to compositions and methods for selectively reducing the expression of a gene product from a desired target gene in a cell, as well as for treating diseases caused by the expression of the gene. More particularly, the invention is directed to compositions that contain double stranded RNA (“dsRNA”), and methods for preparing them, that are capable of reducing the expression of target genes in eukaryotic cells. The dsRNA has a first oligonucleotide sequence that is between 25 and about 30 nucleotides in length and a second oligonucleotide sequence that anneals to the first sequence under biological conditions. In addition, a region of one of the sequences of the dsRNA having a sequence length of at least 19 nucleotides is sufficiently complementary to a nucleotide sequence of the RNA produced from the target gene to trigger the destruction of the target RNA by the RNAi machinery.

MOBILE TERMINAL AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE SAME

Un terminal mobile incluant un appareil de capture de vues ; un écran tactile configuré pour afficher de façon continue des images capturées par l'appareil de capture de vues ; une mémoire ; et un contrôleur configuré pour, en réponse à un premier toucher appliqué sur l'écran tactile affichant de façon continue les images à un instant de premier toucher appliqué, stocker une première image affichée sur l'écran tactile à l'instant de premier toucher appliqué dans la mémoire, afficher une première image vignette correspondant à la première image sur l'écran tactile, en réponse à un second toucher appliqué sur l'écran tactile affichant de façon continue les images à un instant de second toucher appliqué, stocker une seconde image affichée sur l'écran tactile à l'instant de second toucher appliqué dans la mémoire, en groupant la seconde image avec la première image dans la mémoire. A mobile terminal including a view capturing apparatus; a touch screen configured to continuously display images captured by the image capture apparatus; a memory ; and a controller configured to, in response to a first touch applied to the touch screen continuously displaying the images at a first touch time applied, storing a first image displayed on the touch screen at the first touch time applied in the memory, displaying a first thumbnail image corresponding to the first image on the touch screen, in response to a second touch applied to the touch screen continuously displaying the images at a second touch time applied, storing a second image displayed on the touch screen at the instant of second touch applied in the memory, grouping the second image with the first image in the memory.

Patent FR3041447A1

Un terminal mobile (100) selon la présente divulgation peut inclure un corps ; une unité de communication sans fil (110) configurée pour réaliser une communication avec un dispositif de communication externe ; et un écran tactile (151) formé pour afficher un écran d'accueil et détecter un toucher ; et un contrôleur (180) configuré pour contrôler l'écran tactile (151) pour afficher un écran de contrôle pour réaliser un contrôle sur au moins une partie de dispositifs externes à un endroit auquel le corps est situé en fonction du dispositif de communication externe connecté par l'intermédiaire de l'unité de communication sans fil (110) lorsqu'un type prédéterminé de toucher est appliqué sur l'écran tactile (151), tout en affichant l'écran d'accueil. A mobile terminal (100) according to the present disclosure may include a body; a wireless communication unit (110) configured to communicate with an external communication device; and a touch screen (151) formed to display a home screen and detect a touch; and a controller (180) configured to control the touch screen (151) to display a control screen for controlling at least a portion of external devices at a location where the body is located in accordance with the connected external communication device via the wireless communication unit (110) when a predetermined type of touch is applied to the touch screen (151) while displaying the home screen.

Methods and compositions for the specific inhibition of gene expression by double-stranded rna

The invention is directed to compositions and methods for selectively reducing the expression of a gene product from a desired target gene in a cell, as well as for treating diseases caused by the expression of the gene. More particularly, the invention is directed to compositions that contain double stranded RNA (“dsRNA”), and methods for preparing them, that are capable of reducing the expression of target genes in eukaryotic cells. The dsRNA has a first oligonucleotide sequence that is between 25 and about 30 nucleotides in length and a second oligonucleotide sequence that anneals to the first sequence under biological conditions. In addition, a region of one of the sequences of the dsRNA having a sequence length of at least 19 nucleotides is sufficiently complementary to a nucleotide sequence of the RNA produced from the target gene to trigger the destruction of the target RNA by the RNAi machinery.

Mobile terminal and method for controlling the same

A mobile terminal for performing multi-tasking may include a display (151) and a controller (180) configured to cause the display (151) to: display first screen information and second screen information concurrently in a first display format in response to a first type of user input, wherein the second screen information overlaps with at least part of the first screen information in the first display format; and display the first screen information and the second screen information in a second display format in response to a second type of user input, wherein the first screen information and the second screen information do not overlap in the second display format.

MOBILE TERMINAL AND ASSOCIATED CONTROL METHOD

Un terminal mobile (100) pour réaliser une multitâche peut inclure un dispositif d'affichage (151) et un contrôleur (180) configuré pour faire en sorte que le dispositif d'affichage : affiche des premières informations d'écran et des secondes informations d'écran simultanément dans un premier format d'affichage en réponse à un premier type d'entrée utilisateur, dans lequel les secondes informations d'écran chevauchent au moins une partie des premières informations d'écran dans le premier format d'affichage ; et affiche les premières informations d'écran et les secondes informations d'écran dans un second format d'affichage en réponse à un second type d'entrée utilisateur, dans lequel les premières informations d'écran et les secondes informations d'écran ne se chevauchent pas dans le second format d'affichage. A mobile terminal (100) for performing multitasking may include a display device (151) and a controller (180) configured to cause the display device to: display first screen information and second screen information. screen simultaneously in a first display format in response to a first type of user input, wherein the second screen information overlaps at least a portion of the first screen information in the first display format; and displays the first screen information and the second screen information in a second display format in response to a second type of user input, in which the first screen information and the second screen information do not match. not overlap in the second display format.

Alternate user communication routing

A system and methods for alternate user communication routing are described. Unauthorized users are identified and alternate treatments are provided in order to deter unauthorized access and create opportunities for data collection. The use of a varied set of alternate treatments provides an enhanced view of unauthorized user behavior and an increased ability to track future unauthorized user actions by recording various user identity/communication characteristics specific to known unauthorized users. Alternate treatments may be provided randomly based on a set of alternate treatments previously provided to a specific user, or may be varied based on an identified group of unauthorized users presumed to be acting in concert.

Miniature spectrometer and apparatus employing same

A miniature spectrometer and a miniature spectrometer module employing the same are disclosed. The disclosed miniature spectrometer includes: a band-pass filter which is configured to transmit input light in a surface plasmon mode and which has an array of waveguides which are configured to output a plurality of different transmission wavelength bands; an in-coupler configured to couple the transmitted input light to a first end of the array of waveguides; and an array of optical detectors configured to detect respective lights which are output from a second end of the array of waveguides.

Methods and compositions for the specific inhibition of gene expression by double-stranded rna

The invention is directed to compositions and methods for selectively reducing the expression of a gene product from a desired target gene in a cell, as well as for treating diseases caused by the expression of the gene. More particularly, the invention is directed to compositions that contain double stranded RNA ("dsRNA"), and methods for preparing them, that are capable of reducing the expression of target genes in eukaryotic cells. The dsRNA has a first oligonucleotide sequence that is between 25 and about 30 nucleotides in length and a second oligonucleotide sequence that anneals to the first sequence under biological conditions. In addition, a region of one of the sequences of the dsRNA having a sequence length of at least 19 nucleotides is sufficiently complementary to a nucleotide sequence of the RNA produced from the target gene to trigger the destruction of the target RNA by the RNAi machinery.

Methods and compositions for the specific inhibition of gene expression by double-stranded rna

The invention is directed to compositions and methods for selectively reducing the expression of a gene product from a desired target gene in a cell, as well as for treating diseases caused by the expression of the gene. More particularly, the invention is directed to compositions that contain double stranded RNA (“dsRNA”), and methods for preparing them, that are capable of reducing the expression of target genes in eukaryotic cells. The dsRNA has a first oligonucleotide sequence that is between 25 and about 30 nucleotides in length and a second oligonucleotide sequence that anneals to the first sequence under biological conditions. In addition, a region of one of the sequences of the dsRNA having a sequence length of at least 19 nucleotides is sufficiently complementary to a nucleotide sequence of the RNA produced from the target gene to trigger the destruction of the target RNA by the RNAi machinery.

Mobile terminal and method for controlling the same

A mobile terminal and a method for controlling the same that may be used considering more convenience of users are disclosed. The mobile terminal comprises a wireless communication unit; a touch screen; and a controller controlling the touch screen to output at least a part of a first notification panel configured to output notification information based on a drag touch input applied to one area of the touch screen, wherein the controller outputs at least a part of a second notification panel different from the first notification panel based on a touch applied to one area of the first notification panel in a state that at least a part of the first notification panel has been output, and notification information of an application of which notification mode is set to a specific mode is displayed on the second notification panel.