DISPLAY PANEL, DISPLAY APPARATUS HAVING THE SAME, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME AND METHOD OF CUTTING THE SAME

A display apparatus includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a blocking layer disposed on the first substrate adjacent to an outer edge of the first substrate. The second substrate includes first and second areas. The first area faces the first substrate. The outer edge of the first substrate is aligned with a boundary between the first area and the second area of the second substrate. 1. A display apparatus comprising:a first substrate;a second substrate including first and second areas, the first area facing the first substrate; anda blocking layer disposed on the first substrate adjacent to an outer edge of the first substrate,wherein the outer edge of the first substrate is aligned with a boundary between the first area and the second area of the second substrate.2. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first substrate includes a plastic.3. The display apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the blocking layer includes a metal.4. The display apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising a light blocking element overlapping the first area of the second substrate claim 2 , the light blocking element including an opening.5. The display apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the blocking layer includes substantially the same material as the light blocking element.6. The display apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the second substrate further includes:a signal line in the first area;a switching element electrically connected to the signal line; anda pixel electrode electrically connected to a portion of the switching element.7. The display apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the opening of the light blocking element faces the pixel electrode of the second substrate.8. The display apparatus of claim 7 , further comprising a driver disposed in the second area of the second substrate.9. The display apparatus of claim 8 , further comprising:a color filter in the opening of the light blocking element; anda common electrode on the light blocking element and the color filter.10. The ...

Novel gluconacetobacter strain having cellulose producing activity

Disclosed herein is a novel gluconacetobacter strain having cellulose producing activity. Specifically, the present invention relates to a novel gluconacetobacter strain producing nano-structured cellulose in a highly efficient manner. The cellulose produced by the strain, due to its superb thermodynamic properties, can be characterized as nano-structured bacterial cellulose and therefore utilized as a bio-nano-fiber. Particularly, the cellulose can be impregnated with a resin to form a cellulose-based resin which can be effectively adapted for a substrate for a liquid crystal display (LCD).

GLASS FILM LAMINATE, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING GLASS FILM

A glass film laminate includes a carrier glass including a rough surface, a smooth surface surrounding the rough surface, the rough surface having a relatively large surface roughness and the smooth surface having a relatively small surface roughness, and a passage rough surface connected to the rough surface; and a glass film laminated on the rough surface and the smooth surface of the carrier glass. 1. A glass film laminate , comprising:a carrier glass including:a rough surface;a smooth surface surrounding the rough surface, the rough surface having a relatively large surface roughness and the smooth surface having a relatively small surface roughness; anda passage rough surface connected to the rough surface; anda glass film laminated on the rough surface and the smooth surface of the carrier glass.2. The glass film laminate as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the passage rough surface extends from the rough surface to a boundary of the carrier glass.3. The glass film laminate as claimed in claim 2 , wherein a surface roughness of the passage rough surface is substantially equal to a surface roughness of rough surface.4. The glass film laminate as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the glass film is smaller than the carrier glass and larger than the rough surface claim 1 , in a plan view.5. The glass film laminate as claimed in claim 4 , wherein a boundary of the rough surface has a shape that is substantially a same shape as a boundary of the glass film.6. The glass film laminate as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:the rough surface and the passage rough surface have a plurality of peaks and recesses, anda height of the peaks is less than or equal to a height of the smooth surface.7. The glass film laminate as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the surface roughness (Ra) of the smooth surface is less than about 0.2 nm.8. The glass film laminate as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the surface roughness (Ra) of the rough surface and the passage rough surface is greater than the surface ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A DISPLAY DEVICE

It is provided a method of manufacturing a display device for which the damage caused to the display panel due to processing at high temperatures is reduced. The method of manufacturing a display device includes: preparing a carrier substrate including a surface treated region; laying a mother substrate on the carrier substrate; progressing a process of forming a thin film on the mother substrate; and separating the carrier substrate from the mother substrate by using the surface treated region as an initial separation point. Bonding is formed between the carrier substrate and the mother substrate during forming the thin film over the areas that are not surface treated. The two substrates may be separated by disposing permeating oil on the surface treated region wherefrom oil permeates through the remaining regions by osmotic pressure. This way damage caused to the display panel during thin film processing is reduced. 1. A method of manufacturing a display device , comprising:forming a surface treated first region on a carrier substrate;coupling a mother substrate with the carrier substrate;forming a thin film on the mother substrate; andseparating the carrier substrate and the mother substrate by using the first region as an initial separation point.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carrier substrate further comprises a second region and when coupling the mother substrate with the carrier substrate claim 1 , static electricity exists in the second region.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein an adhesive force between the first and second substrates at the first region is less than an adhesive force between the first and second substrates at the second region.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein forming the thin film is performed at a temperature of about 200° C. or higher.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein a surface roughness of the first region is different from a surface roughness of the second region.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the first region is formed ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ACQUIRING COLOR IMAGE FROM MONOCHROME SCAN CAMERA

The present invention relates to a system and a method for acquiring a color image from a monochrome scan camera, and the system comprising: a projector for projecting an RGB color light source; a camera for photographing an object on which the RGB color light source is to be projected; and a color reproduction unit for acquiring a color image by normalizing the light intensity of the RGB color light source and adjusting a gain for each RGB channel using gain adjustment coefficients generated by calculating tristimulus values of the camera, and thus the present invention obtains an effect of reproducing 3D information and color information of an object by projecting the RGB color light source of the projector to acquire a plurality of images from the same scene and ascertaining the color information of the object inputted into the camera from the plurality of images. 1. A system for acquiring a color image from a monochrome scanning camera , comprising: a projector for projecting RGB color lights; and a color reproducing unit for acquiring a color image by normalizing the quantities of lights from a camera shooting the object of the RGB color light projection and the RGB color light , and adjusting the RGB channel gains using the gain adjustment coefficients generated by calculating the tristimulus value of the camera.2. The system for acquiring a color image from a monochrome scanning camera of claim 1 , further comprising: a controller for controlling the operation of the projector claim 1 , camera claim 1 , and color reproducing unit according to the pre-stored operation software program; wherein the controller claim 1 , if there is a scene change claim 1 , controls the projector and camera so that the camera can generate image data by multi-shooting a same scene using the RGB color peripheral light sources of the projector.3. The system for acquiring a color image from a monochrome scanning camera of claim 1 , wherein the color reproducing unit comprises: a ...

POLARIZING PLATE, LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY USING THE POLARIZING PLATE AND METHOD OF FABRICATING THE POLARIZING PLATE

A polarizing plate includes a first glass plate; a second glass plate facing the first glass plate; and a polarizing device between the first and second glass plates. An external surface of at least one of the first and second glass plates, which is not in contact with the polarizing device, has a root mean square surface roughness of about 1 nanometer or less. 1. A polarizing plate , comprising:a first protective film;a second protective film facing the first protective film; anda polarizing device between the first and second protective films,whereinthe first protective film comprises glass,the second protective film comprises a copolymer film, andan external surface of the first protective film, which is not in contact with the polarizing device, has a root mean square surface roughness of about 1 nanometer or less.2. The polarizing plate of claim 1 , wherein the polarizing device comprises a resin comprising polyvinyl alcohol containing a dichroic material.3. The polarizing plate of claim 1 , wherein the first protective film has a thickness of about 1 micrometer to about 500 micrometers. This application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/308,928 filed Jun. 19, 2014, which claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-0013104 filed on Feb. 5, 2014, and all the benefits accruing therefrom under 35 U.S.C. § 119, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.Exemplary embodiments relate to a polarizing plate, a liquid crystal display (“LCD”) including the polarizing plate and a method of fabricating the polarizing plate.Polarizing plates are commonly used in LCDs to control the vibration direction of light and thus to visualize a display pattern of the LCDs. LCDs boast of their wide range of application, ranging from small devices to laptop computers, LCD monitors, LCD color projectors, LCD televisions (“TVs”), navigation systems for automobiles, personal phones and various measuring equipment for ...

DISPLAY PANEL AND LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

A display panel includes: an upper substrate, a lower substrate disposed under the upper substrate, a lower polarizer disposed under the lower substrate, and a step smoothing member disposed under the lower substrate and not overlapping with the lower polarizer. 1. A display panel comprising:an upper substrate;a lower substrate disposed under the upper substrate;a lower polarizer disposed under the lower substrate; anda step smoothing member disposed under the lower substrate and not overlapping with the lower polarizer.2. The display panel of claim 1 , further comprisingan upper polarizer disposed on the upper substrate.3. The display panel of claim 2 , wherein the step smoothing member is separated from the lower polarizer.4. The display panel of claim 3 , wherein the step smoothing member has a melting point of more than about 150° C.5. The display panel of claim 4 , wherein a thickness of the step smoothing member is the same as a thickness of the lower polarizer.6. The display panel of claim 5 , wherein the thickness of the step smoothing member is in a range of about 100 μm to about 150 μm.7. The display panel of claim 5 , wherein the display panel further includes a polymer cushioning material disposed at a lateral surface of the upper substrate and the lower substrate.8. The display panel of claim 2 , wherein the step smoothing member continuously exists with the lower polarizer.9. The display panel of claim 8 , wherein the step smoothing member has a melting point of more than about 150° C.10. The display panel of claim 9 , wherein the step smoothing member comprises at least one selected from a group including polyimide claim 9 , polycarbonate claim 9 , polyethersulfone claim 9 , polyetheretherketone claim 9 , and polyphenylene sulfide.11. The display panel of claim 10 , wherein a thickness of the step smoothing member is the same as a thickness of the lower polarizer.12. The display panel of claim 11 , wherein the thickness of the step smoothing member is ...

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A liquid crystal display is provided. A passivation layer is disposed on a substrate. A first microcavity is disposed on the passivation layer. A second microcavity is disposed on the passivation layer and spaced apart from the first microcavity at a first spacing and along a first direction. A fixing member is disposed between the first microcavity and the second microcavity. A roof layer is disposed on the first and the second microcavities and the fixing member, wherein the first and the second microcavities include liquid crystal molecules. 1. A liquid crystal display comprising:a substrate;a first passivation layer disposed on the substrate;a first microcavity disposed on the first passivation layer;a second microcavity disposed on the first passivation layer and spaced apart from the first microcavity at a first spacing and along a first direction;a fixing member disposed between the first microcavity and the second microcavity; anda roof layer disposed on the first and the second microcavities and the fixing member,wherein the first and the second microcavities include liquid crystal molecules.2. The liquid crystal display of claim 1 , further comprising:a third microcavity disposed on the first passivation layer and spaced apart from the first microcavity along a second direction crossing the first direction, wherein the first microcavity includes at least one liquid crystal injection hole facing in the second direction.3. The liquid crystal display of claim 2 , further comprising:a capping layer disposed on the roof layer and covering the at least one liquid crystal injection hole.4. The liquid crystal display of claim 1 , further comprising:a light blocking layer disposed between the substrate and the first passivation layer, wherein the fixing member overlaps the light blocking layer.5. The liquid crystal display of claim 1 , wherein the fixing member includes a patterned structure disposed on the first passivation layer and having a first width smaller ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING DEVICE SUBSTRATE AND DISPLAY DEVICE MANUFACTURED USING THE SAME

The method of manufacturing a device substrate includes forming a surface modifying layer on a process substrate. The surface modifying layer has a different hydrophobicity from that of the process substrate. The process substrate is disposed on a carrier substrate. The surface modifying layer is disposed between the process substrate and the carrier substrate. A device is formed on the process substrate. The process substrate is separated from the carrier substrate. 1. A method of manufacturing a device substrate , the method comprising:forming a surface modifying layer on a process substrate, wherein the surface modifying layer has a hydrophobicity different from a hydrophobicity of the process substrate;disposing the process substrate on a carrier substrate, wherein the surface modifying layer is disposed between the process substrate and the carrier substrate;forming a device on the process substrate; andseparating the process substrate from the carrier substrate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobicity of the surface modifying layer is greater than the hydrophobicity of the process substrate.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the surface modifying layer comprises a silane compound.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the silane compound includes hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS).5. The method of claim 3 , wherein forming the surface modifying layer comprises:forming a silane compound layer comprising a self-assembled monolayer on the process substrate; andcleaning the process substrate.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the surface modifying layer includes a metal oxide.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the metal oxide includes indium-zinc oxide (IZO) claim 6 , indium-tin oxide (ITO) claim 6 , indium-tin-zinc oxide (ITZO) claim 6 , or germanium-zinc oxide (GZO).8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the surface modifying layer comprises:a silane compound layer disposed on the process substrate, wherein the silane compound layer includes a silane compound; ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY PANEL AND A MANUFACTURING DEVICE THEREFOR

A manufacturing device for a liquid crystal display panel includes a stage including a first stage part and second stage part. The stage is configured to support a substrate laminate. A knife includes an entrance portion and a rigidity securing portion. The knife is configured to peel a support substrate of the substrate laminate. The stage is configured to rotate in a direction parallel with a surface of the stage. The rigidity securing portion of the knife is thicker than an entrance portion of the knife. 1. A manufacturing device for a liquid crystal display panel , comprising:a stage including a first stage part and a second stage part, wherein the stage is configured to support a substrate laminate; anda knife including an entrance portion and a rigidity securing portion, wherein the knife is configured to peel a support substrate from the substrate laminate,wherein the stage is configured to rotate in a direction parallel with a surface of the stage, andthe rigidity securing portion of the knife is thicker than the entrance portion of the knife.2. The manufacturing device of claim 1 , wherein:the second stage part is disposed at a corner of the stage, andthe second stage part is configured to move vertically in a downward direction from a surface on which the stage is disposed.3. The manufacturing device of claim 2 , wherein:the second stage part is configured to be fixed to the first stage part when the first stage part supports the substrate laminate and after initially peeling the substrate laminate, andthe second stage part is configured to move in a downward direction from a surface of the first stage part when the knife for peeling the support substrate from the substrate laminate contacts the support substrate.4. The manufacturing device of claim 1 , wherein:the entrance portion of the knife has a tapered shape,the rigidity securing portion of the knife includes a first portion and a second portion, andthe second portion is thicker than the first ...

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

A liquid crystal display includes a microcavity formed on an insulation substrate that has a tapered side wall; a liquid crystal layer positioned in the microcavity; and a column portion in contact with the tapered side wall of the microcavity and between microcavities. The column portion includes a second column organic layer and a first column insulating layer formed outside the second column organic layer, and a side surface of first column insulating layer coincides with the side wall of the microcavity. 1. A liquid crystal display comprising:a microcavity formed on an insulation substrate that has a tapered side wall;a liquid crystal layer positioned in the microcavity; anda column portion in contact with the tapered side wall of the microcavity and between microcavities,wherein the column portion comprises a second column organic layer and a first column insulating layer formed outside the second column organic layer, anda side surface of first column insulating layer coincides with the side wall of the microcavity.2. The liquid crystal display of claim 1 , whereinthe first column insulating layer is formed at a side surface and a lower surface of the second column organic layer.3. The liquid crystal display of claim 2 , further comprising:a pixel electrode formed on the insulation substrate and under the microcavity; anda common electrode covering the liquid crystal layer and the column portion.4. The liquid crystal display of claim 1 , whereinthe column portion comprises a photoresist, a material for a light blocking member, an inorganic material, or an organic material.5. The liquid crystal display of claim 4 , whereinthe first column insulating layer comprises an inorganic insulating material such as silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxide (SiOx), or silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy), andthe second column organic layer is formed of a photoresist or an organic material.6. The liquid crystal display of claim 3 , whereinthe common electrode has a horizontal structure ...

LOWER CROSS MEMBER OF VEHICLE

Disclosed is a lower cross member of a vehicle. The lower cross member includes a core member configured to be disposed on a vehicle floor so as to extend in a width direction of the vehicle, to be formed of a composite material including unidirectional carbon fiber or bidirectional carbon fiber, and to have a cross-section including at least one closed curve, a lower layer configured to extend in an extending direction of the core member, to be disposed between the core member and the vehicle floor, and to be formed of a composite material including a first multi-axial glass fabric, and an upper layer configured to extend in the extending direction of the core member, to be disposed on an upper surface of the core member, and to be formed of a composite material including a second multi-axial glass fabric. 1. A lower cross member of a vehicle , comprising:a core member configured to be disposed on a vehicle floor so as to extend in a width direction of the vehicle, to be formed of a composite material comprising unidirectional carbon fiber or bidirectional carbon fiber, and to have a cross-section comprising at least one closed curve;a lower layer configured to extend in an extending direction of the core member, to be disposed between the core member and the vehicle floor, and to be formed of a composite material comprising a first multi-axial glass fabric; andan upper layer configured to extend in the extending direction of the core member, to be disposed on an upper surface of the core member, and to be formed of a composite material comprising a second multi-axial glass fabric.2. The lower cross member according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one inner member configured to be coupled to an inner circumferential surface of the core member along the closed curve formed by the cross-section of the core member claim 1 , to extend in the extending direction of the core member claim 1 , and to be formed of a composite material comprising a third multi-axial ...

BIOCHIP AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING BIOCHIP

Disclosed are a biochip capable of detecting and analyzing multivalent bindings between target protein and binding mediator from monovalent bindings and a method for manufacturing the same. A biochip according to an embodiment comprises: a hydrogel functional layer on which a binding mediator is formed and of which physical properties are changed by a reaction between target protein to be introduced and the binding mediator; and a transducer configured to deliver a displacement signal corresponding to a change in the physical properties of the hydrogel functional layer to an analysis instrument, wherein the reaction is multivalent bindings between the target protein and the binding mediator, and de-swelling occurs in at least a portion of the hydrogel functional layer by the multivalent bindings. 1. A biochip comprising:a hydrogel functional layer on which a binding mediator is formed and of which physical properties are changed by a reaction between target protein to be introduced and the binding mediator; anda transducer configured to deliver a displacement signal corresponding to a change in the physical properties of the hydrogel functional layer to an analysis instrument,wherein the reaction is multivalent bindings between the target protein and the binding mediator, and de-swelling occurs in at least a portion of the hydrogel functional layer by the multivalent bindings.2. The biochip of claim 1 , whereinthe physical properties comprise a refractive index of at least a portion of the hydrogel functional layer,the transducer comprises a waveguide, andthe displacement signal is an output signal of the waveguide.3. The biochip of claim 1 , whereinthe physical properties comprise a refractive index of at least a portion of the hydrogel functional layer,the transducer comprises a gold thin film, andthe displacement signal is a signal corresponding to a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) occurring in the gold thin film.4. The biochip of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogel ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device includes: a display panel having: a lower substrate; an upper substrate facing the lower substrate and having at least one through hole formed therein; a display active layer disposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate; at least one lower pad disposed on the lower substrate; a touch sensing layer disposed on the upper substrate; and at least one connection pad disposed on the upper substrate. The connection pads are electrically connected to the lower pads through connectors disposed in the though holes of the upper substrate. 1. A display device , comprising: a lower substrate;', 'an upper substrate facing the lower substrate and having a through hole formed therein;', 'a display active layer disposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate;', 'a lower pad disposed on the lower substrate;', 'a touch sensing layer disposed on the upper substrate; and', 'a connection pad disposed on the upper substrate,, 'a display panel comprisingwherein the connection pad is electrically connected to the lower pad through a connector disposed in the though hole of the upper substrate.2. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the connection pad disposed on the upper substrate overlaps the lower pad disposed on the lower substrate.3. The display device of claim 2 , comprising multiple lower pads and an identical number of connection pads.4. The display device of claim 1 , wherein a lower end of the connector contacts the lower pad and an upper end of the connector contacts the connection pad.5. The display device of claim 1 , further comprisinga flexible display circuit board attached to the connection pad.6. The display device of claim 1 , further comprisingan upper pad disposed on the upper substrate.7. The display device of claim 6 , further comprisinga flexible touch circuit board attached to the upper pad.8. The display device of claim 1 , further comprisinga display integrated circuit chip mounted on the connection pad.9. The ...

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

A liquid crystal display includes a pixel electrode disposed on an insulating substrate; a plurality of microcavities disposed over the pixel electrode; a plurality of liquid crystal injection holes connected to the plurality of microcavities that form a path through which a liquid crystal is injected; a common electrode that covers the microcavities; a partition wall structure that divides the plurality of liquid crystal injection holes; and a roof layer disposed over the common electrode that covers the common electrode and the microcavities, and comprises an organic material. 1. A liquid crystal display , comprising:a pixel electrode disposed on an insulating substrate;a plurality of microcavities disposed over the pixel electrode;a plurality of liquid crystal injection holes connected to the plurality of microcavities that form a path through which a liquid crystal is injected;a common electrode that covers the microcavities;a partition wall structure that divides the plurality of liquid crystal injection holes; anda roof layer disposed over the common electrode that covers the common electrode and the microcavities, and comprises an organic material.2. The liquid crystal display of claim 1 , wherein the partition wall structure comprises a partition wall part made of the same material as the roof layer.3. The liquid crystal display of claim 2 , wherein:the roof layer comprises a pillar portion that is disposed between adjacent microcavities.4. The liquid crystal display of claim 3 , wherein:the partition wall part is an extension of the pillar portion.5. The liquid crystal display of claim 1 , further comprising:a liquid crystal layer disposed within the microcavity and the liquid crystal injection hole;wherein the microcavities have a matrix arrangement, the liquid crystal injection holes cross the microcavities in a horizontal direction and are divided by the partition wall structure.6. The liquid crystal display of claim 5 , wherein:the partition wall ...

DISPLAY DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A display device includes a substrate, a cover layer, liquid crystal, electrodes, and a sealant layer. The cover layer is disposed on the substrate and defines at least a portion of a tunnel-shaped cavity. The liquid crystal is disposed in the tunnel-shaped cavity. The electrodes are disposed on the substrate and are configured to apply an electric field to the liquid crystal. The sealant layer is disposed on the substrate and is configured to seal the tunnel-shaped cavity. The cover layer includes a first insulating layer including a concave-convex surface. 1. A display device , comprising:a substrate;a cover layer disposed on the substrate, the cover layer defining at least a portion of a tunnel-shaped cavity;liquid crystal disposed in the tunnel-shaped cavity;electrodes disposed on the substrate, the electrodes being configured to apply an electric field to the liquid crystal; anda sealant layer disposed on the substrate, the sealant layer being configured to seal the tunnel-shaped cavity,wherein the cover layer comprises a first insulating layer comprising a concave-convex surface.2. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the cover layer further comprises:a second insulating layer disposed on the first insulating layer.3. The display device of claim 2 , wherein:the second insulating layer comprises an inorganic insulating material.4. The display device of claim 3 , wherein:the inorganic insulating material comprises at least one of silicon nitride and silicon oxide.5. The display device of claim 2 , wherein the cover layer further comprises:a third insulating layer disposed on the second insulating layer.6. The display device of claim 5 , wherein:each of the first insulating layer and the third insulating layer comprises an organic insulating material.7. The display device of claim 6 , wherein:the first insulating layer and the third insulating layer comprise the same material.8. The display device of claim 1 , wherein:the tunnel-shaped cavity longitudinally ...

Polarizing plate, liquid crystal display using the polarizing plate and method of fabricating the polarizing plate

A polarizing plate includes a first glass plate; a second glass plate facing the first glass plate; and a polarizing device between the first and second glass plates. An external surface of at least one of the first and second glass plates, which is not in contact with the polarizing device, has a root mean square surface roughness of about 1 nanometer or less.

Method of manufacturing display apparatus

A method of manufacturing a display apparatus includes: joining a first thin-film glass substrate onto a first carrier substrate; providing a touch pattern unit on a surface of the first thin-film glass substrate, which is opposite to a surface facing the first carrier substrate; separating the first thin-film glass substrate from the first carrier substrate; turning over the first thin-film glass substrate and joining the turned over first thin-film glass substrate onto the first carrier substrate; joining a second thin-film glass substrate onto a second carrier substrate; providing a display unit between the surface of the first thin-film glass substrate opposite to the surface on which the touch pattern unit is provided and a surface of the second thin-film glass substrate, which is opposite to a surface facing the second carrier substrate; and removing the first carrier substrate and the second carrier substrate.

BIOCHIP AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING BIOCHIP

Disclosed are a biochip capable of detecting and analyzing multivalent bindings between target protein and binding mediator from monovalent bindings and a method for manufacturing the same. A biochip according to an embodiment comprises: a hydrogel functional layer on which a binding mediator is formed and of which physical properties are changed by a reaction between target protein to be introduced and the binding mediator; and a transducer configured to deliver a displacement signal corresponding to a change in the physical properties of the hydrogel functional layer to an analysis instrument, wherein the reaction is multivalent bindings between the target protein and the binding mediator, and de-swelling occurs in at least a portion of the hydrogel functional layer by the multivalent bindings. 1. A method of manufacturing a hydrogel functional layer disposed on a substrate of a biochip , the method comprising:mixing 55 to 98% of a main monomer, 2 to 40% of comonomers and 0.1 to 5% of a crosslinking agent so that a sum of the main monomer, the comonomers, and the crosslinking agent is 100%;heating an aqueous solution containing the main monomer and the comonomers;initiating a reaction by adding an initiator; andacquiring an aqueous hydrogel solution generated by the reaction.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acquiring of the aqueous hydrogel solution comprises maintaining an oxygen-free environment while heating the aqueous solution.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a hydrogel of the hydrogel functional layer is in a form of nanoparticles.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogel functional layer comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-allylamine) (poly(NIPAM-co-AA)) claim 1 , poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (poly(NIPAM-co-DMAEMA)) claim 1 , poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate) (poly(NIPAM-co-DMAEA)) claim 1 , poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co- ...

DISPLAY MODULE AND MULTI-DISPLAY DEVICE HAVING THE SAME

A display module for a multi-display device includes an array substrate, connectors disposed on the array substrate and configured to transmit signals for driving the array substrate, a printed circuit board (PCB) electrically connected to the connectors and configured to transmit signals to the connectors, and connecting members that extend through the array substrate and configured to electrically connect the connectors and the PCB. 1. A display module , comprising:an array substrate;connectors disposed on the array substrate and configured to transmit signals for driving the array substrate;a printed circuit board (PCB) electrically connected to the connectors and configured to transmit signals to the connectors; andconnecting members extending through the array substrate and configured to electrically connect the connectors and the PCB.2. The display module of claim 1 , further comprising:a driver integrated circuit (IC) chip disposed on the PCB.3. The display module of claim 2 , wherein the driver IC chip is disposed on an opposite surface of the PCB opposite to a surface of the PCB that faces the array substrate.4. The display module of claim 1 , wherein the PCB comprises a flexible PCB (FPCB).5. The display module of claim 1 , wherein the array substrate comprises a display region and a non-display region surrounding the display region claim 1 , andwherein the connectors are disposed in the non-display region.6. The display module of claim 5 , wherein the array substrate comprises through holes formed in the non-display region claim 5 , andwherein the connecting members are disposed in the through holes.7. The display module of claim 6 , wherein the through holes have a diameter of about 10 μm to about 30 μm.8. The display module of claim 6 , wherein the through holes have a pitch of about 40 μm to about 50 μm therebetween.9. The display module of claim 1 , wherein a portion of each of the connecting members is disposed parallel to a bottom surface of the ...

Apparatus and method for measuring axial force of bolt

An axial force measurement apparatus measuring an axial force of a bolt member by measuring a clamping force, of a nut member threaded onto the bolt member, which is applied to fasten a structure, includes: a sensor that applies vibration to the structure through one side of the tightened nut member and obtains, on an opposite side of the nut member, a signal by the vibration that propagates through the structure and passes through the nut member; and an analyzer that analyzes the signal received from the sensor and determines the axial force of the bolt member using a difference in propagation velocity of the signal by the vibration according to the clamping force of the nut member.

Method and system for electronic commerce using products satisfaction index

Disclosed is an electronic commerce method in which a seller and a purchaser who are members access via Internet to a management server and undergo member authentication. The management server receives sales products information from the seller and stores the products information, receives products names and prices conditions from the purchaser, first retrieves purchase products, receives various purchasing conditions on the first retrieved products, secondly retrieves products, compares the product information inputted by the seller with the purchasing conditions, computes satisfaction on the products and purchase satisfaction prices from the product satisfaction, receives number on the product satisfaction, thirdly retrieves purchase products from the secondly retrieved products, finally retrieves products from the thirdly retrieved products depending on priorities of the purchasing conditions, compares the computted purchase satisfaction prices of the finally retrieved products with minimum sale allowance prices of the seller, and recognizes the purchase by determining the comparing result.

Display apparatus and method of fabrication the same

Disclosed is a display apparatus. The display apparatus includes a first substrate having a plurality of pixels and a second substrate facing the first substrate. A concave-convex section is formed on at least one of the first and second substrates. The substrate having the concave-convex section is a flexible substrate. The substrate integrally formed with the concave-convex section is manufactured by applying a transfer method to an FRP substrate.

Display module and multi-display device having the same

A display module for a multi-display device includes an array substrate, connectors disposed on the array substrate and configured to transmit signals for driving the array substrate, a printed circuit board (PCB) electrically connected to the connectors and configured to transmit signals to the connectors, and connecting members that extend through the array substrate and configured to electrically connect the connectors and the PCB.

Liquid crystal display panel and method of manufacturing the same

Disclosed is a liquid crystal display panel which includes a first substrate, a thin film transistor array comprising at least one thin film transistor formed on a first surface of the first substrate, and a second substrate having a first surface facing the first substrate, the second substrate including an antistatic layer on a surface opposite the first surface of the second substrate. Liquid crystal molecules are positioned between the first surface of the first substrate and the first surface of the second substrate, wherein the antistatic layer includes conductive nanowire.

Liquid crystal display

A liquid crystal display according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention includes a first panel including a first lower substrate, a first lower electrode formed on the first lower substrate, a first upper substrate facing the first lower substrate, a first upper electrode formed on the first upper substrate, and a first cholesteric liquid crystal injected between the first lower electrode and the first upper electrode, wherein the first lower electrode includes carbon nanotubes. The liquid crystal display including the first lower electrode made of the carbon nanotubes without a light absorption layer provides a simple structure capable of realizing a black state.

Color filter substrate and liquid crystl display having the same

A liquid crystal display includes a first base substrate, a second base substrate facing the first base substrate, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a non-transmissive layer on the first base substrate to absorb light, a plurality of color filter layers arranged on the non-transmissive layer and including a cholesteric liquid crystal to change a wavelength of light and reflect the light, an alignment layer arranged between the non-transmissive layer and the color filter layers to align the cholesteric liquid crystal, a first electrode on the color filter layers, and a second electrode on the second base substrate.

Liquid crystal display panel and method of manufacturing the same

Disclosed is a liquid crystal display panel which includes a first substrate, a thin film transistor array comprising at least one thin film transistor formed on a first surface of the first substrate, and a second substrate having a first surface facing the first substrate, the second substrate including an antistatic layer on a surface opposite the first surface of the second substrate. Liquid crystal molecules are positioned between the first surface of the first substrate and the first surface of the second substrate, wherein the antistatic layer includes conductive nanowire.

Structure of food storage for cooling and warming

A food storage apparatus includes an inside space defined by an insulation case and a first partitioning plate, having through-holes formed therein, and sequentially stacked in a lower case; a first flow path defined by a second partitioning plate having partitioning walls formed thereon and placed on the first partitioning plate; a second flow path under a lower surface of a peripheral portion of a receptacle support frame and defined by the receptacle support frame, which has receptacle support parts and is placed on the second partitioning plate; and a third flow path between inner and outer covers and defined by the inner and outer covers, which are placed on peripheral portions of the receptacle support frame and the lower case, wherein a heat radiation plate, a thermoelectric element and a cooling plate are sequentially stacked through the through-holes, and temperature can be maintained within a predetermined range by blowing means and control means.

Lower cross member of vehicle

Disclosed is a lower cross member of a vehicle. The lower cross member includes a core member configured to be disposed on a vehicle floor so as to extend in a width direction of the vehicle, to be formed of a composite material including unidirectional carbon fiber or bidirectional carbon fiber, and to have a cross-section including at least one closed curve, a lower layer configured to extend in an extending direction of the core member, to be disposed between the core member and the vehicle floor, and to be formed of a composite material including a first multi-axial glass fabric, and an upper layer configured to extend in the extending direction of the core member, to be disposed on an upper surface of the core member, and to be formed of a composite material including a second multi-axial glass fabric.

Display apparatus

The present invention discloses a display apparatus including a display panel that includes a first flexible substrate including a plurality of pixels and a second flexible substrate coupled with the first flexible substrate, the display panel to display an image, and at least one driver integrated circuit (IC) arranged on a display panel, the driver IC to apply a driving signal to the pixels. The driver IC has a length less than a curvature radius of the first flexible substrate, the curvature radius based on the first flexible substrate to which a pressure of 1 Gpa is applied.

表示装置

【課題】表示装置におけるモアレの発生を防止し、表示特性を向上させる。 【解決手段】本発明の一実施例による表示装置は、格子パターンに形成された繊維組織を含んで互いに対向する第１及び第２基板と、第１及び第２基板の間に形成された画素層とを有し、第１基板の繊維組織は、第１方向及び第１方向と直交する第２方向に形成されており、第２基板の繊維組織は、第３方向及び第３方向と直交する第４方向に形成されており、第１方向と第３方向とが斜角を成すことを特徴とする。 【選択図】 図３

Polyimide precursor prepared by using polycyclic monomer including trifluoromethyl group and flexible polyimide obtained by using the same

The present disclosure relates to a polyimide precursor and flexible polyimide obtained by imidization of the polyimide precursor and having high transparency, high glass transition temperature and low coefficient of thermal expansion.

Lower cross member for vehicle

A lower cross member for a vehicle is disposed on a floor of a vehicle. The lower cross member includes a core member and a reinforcing layer. The core member is made of a composite material containing 70 wt. % or more of unidirectional carbon fibers, and the reinforcing layer is made of a composite material containing 70 wt. % or more of fiberglass.

Method for processing interest message and apparatus for implementing the same

Provided is a method performed in a terminal for processing an interest message. The method includes receiving a message from a message server after a login event for a user of the terminal occurs, wherein the login event is related to a message service provided by the message server; storing, in response to determining that the received message corresponds to an interest message of the user, the received message in a local storage of the terminal; receiving a search request for the interest message of the user; and searching and providing the interest message of the user through the local storage of the terminal in response to the search request.

Method for processing interest message and apparatus for implementing the same

Provided is a method performed in a terminal for processing an interest message. The method includes receiving a message from a message server after a login event for a user of the terminal occurs, wherein the login event is related to a message service provided by the message server; storing, in response to determining that the received message corresponds to an interest message of the user, the received message in a local storage of the terminal; receiving a search request for the interest message of the user; and searching and providing the interest message of the user through the local storage of the terminal in response to the search request.

Biochip und Verfahren zum Herstellen von diesem

Es werden ein Biochip, der in der Lage ist, multivalente Bindungen zwischen Zielprotein und Bindungsmediator von monovalenten Bindungen zu detektieren und zu analysieren, und ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von diesem offenbart. Ein Biochip gemäß einer Ausführungsform umfasst: eine Hydrogel-Funktionsschicht, auf der ein Bindungsmediator gebildet ist und deren physikalische Eigenschaften durch eine Reaktion zwischen dem einzuführenden Zielprotein und dem Bindungsmediator verändert werden; und einen Wandler, der dazu ausgelegt ist, ein Verschiebungssignal, welches einer Veränderung der physikalischen Eigenschaften der Hydrogel-Funktionsschicht entspricht, an ein Analyseinstrument zu liefern, wobei es sich bei der Reaktion um multivalente Bindungen zwischen dem Zielprotein und dem Bindungsmediator handelt und ein Entquellen in mindestens einem Teil der Hydrogel-Funktionsschicht durch die multivalenten Bindungen erfolgt.

Biochip und Verfahren zum Herstellen von diesem.

Es werden ein Biochip, der in der Lage ist, multivalente Bindungen zwischen Zielprotein und Bindungsmediator von monovalenten Bindungen zu detektieren und zu analysieren, und ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von diesem offenbart. Ein Biochip gemäß einer Ausführungsform umfasst: eine Hydrogel-Funktionsschicht, auf der ein Bindungsmediator gebildet ist und deren physikalische Eigenschaften durch eine Reaktion zwischen dem einzuführenden Zielprotein und dem Bindungsmediator verändert werden; und einen Wandler, der dazu ausgelegt ist, ein Verschiebungssignal, welches einer Veränderung der physikalischen Eigenschaften der Hydrogel-Funktionsschicht entspricht, an ein Analyseinstrument zu liefern, wobei es sich bei der Reaktion um multivalente Bindungen zwischen dem Zielprotein und dem Bindungsmediator handelt und ein Entquellen in mindestens einem Teil der Hydrogel-Funktionsschicht durch die multivalenten Bindungen erfolgt.

LCD device and method for manufacturing the same

Display substrate, method of manufacturing the same and display device having the same

A display substrate includes a transparent substrate, a pixel layer, an organic insulation layer, a transparent electrode and a reflective electrode. The pixel layer is formed on the transparent substrate and includes pixel parts having a matrix shape. The organic insulation layer is formed on the pixel layer and includes a microlens pattern having a depth of no less than about 1.5 micrometers (μm) formed on an upper portion of the organic insulation layer. The transparent electrode is formed on the organic insulation layer. The reflective electrode is partially formed on the transparent electrode to define a reflective region and a transmissive region.

Acid anhydride compound, and polyamideimide resin and film using the same

Provided are an acid anhydride compound having a novel structure, and a polyamideimide resin and a polyamideimide film produced therefrom. Specifically, since the polyamideimide film according to the present invention includes a structural unit derived from the acid anhydride compound, it may have high thermal resistance and a low coefficient of thermal expansion while being colorless and transparent.

Method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel and a manufacturing device therefor

A manufacturing device for a liquid crystal display panel includes a stage including a first stage part and second stage part. The stage is configured to support a substrate laminate. A knife includes an entrance portion and a rigidity securing portion. The knife is configured to peel a support substrate of the substrate laminate. The stage is configured to rotate in a direction parallel with a surface of the stage. The rigidity securing portion of the knife is thicker than an entrance portion of the knife.

液晶顯示器

一種液晶顯示器包含設置在絕緣基板上之像素電極；設置在像素電極上之複數個微腔；連接於複數個微腔形成液晶注入通過之路徑之複數個液晶注入孔；覆蓋微腔之共用電極；分割複數個液晶注入孔之間壁結構；以及設置在共用電極上覆蓋共用電極及微腔並包含有機材料之頂層。

Novel gluconacetobacter strain having cellulose producing activity

Disclosed herein is a novel gluconacetobacter strain having cellulose producing activity. Specifically, the present invention relates to a novel gluconacetobacter strain producing nano-structured cellulose in a highly efficient manner. The cellulose produced by the strain, due to its superb thermodynamic properties, can be characterized as nano-structured bacterial cellulose and therefore utilized as a bio-nano-fiber. Particularly, the cellulose can be impregnated with a resin to form a cellulose-based resin which can be effectively adapted for a substrate for a liquid crystal display (LCD).

Switching circuit having constant on-resistance and matrix switch comprising same

According to various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, a switching circuit is applied so as not to cause a problem due to body-diode and maintains a resistance (ON-resistance) between a drain region and a source region to be constant by adjusting a voltage of the gate region in accordance with the voltage change of the source region. Further, the matrix switch is applied so that even though the temperature changes in accordance with the switching circuit block (row/column), the change in the ON-resistance is small.

Method for processing interest message and apparatus for implementing the same

Provided is a method performed in a terminal for processing an interest message. The method includes receiving a message from a message server after a login event for a user of the terminal occurs, wherein the login event is related to a message service provided by the message server; storing, in response to determining that the received message corresponds to an interest message of the user, the received message in a local storage of the terminal; receiving a search request for the interest message of the user; and searching and providing the interest message of the user through the local storage of the terminal in response to the search request.

Electronic device supporting manufacture of semiconductor device and operating method of electronic device

Disclosed is an operating method of an electronic device that includes a processor and supports manufacture of a semiconductor device. The operating method includes receiving, at the processor, circuit schematics for the manufacture of the semiconductor device, partitioning, at the processor, circuit components of the circuit schematics into at least two mats, calculating, at the processor, availability of placement and routing of the circuit components, based on limited connecting elements electrically connected to the circuit components, for each of the at least two mats, and performing, at the processor, the placement and routing to generate a layout image for the manufacture of the semiconductor device when the availability indicates that the placement and routing is available. The limited connecting elements include vertical lines, which electrically connect an upper portion and a lower portion of the semiconductor device, at limited locations of the semiconductor device.

Self-aligned block patterning with density assist pattern

A method of generating mask layouts for self-aligned block patterning is provided. Metal line patterns to be formed on a semiconductor substrate is identified. A mandrel mask layout for first mask based on the metal line patterns is generated in view of a self-aligned double patterning (SADP) process for forming a plurality of mandrels on the semiconductor substrate. The mandrel mask layout may include a plurality of mandrel patterns. A non-mandrel block mask layout for second mask is generated based on the mandrel mask layout for cutting metal lines formed under gaps between spacers in non-mandrel area on the semiconductor substrate. The non-mandrel block mask layout may include a plurality of first block patterns and a plurality of first density assist patterns. A mandrel block mask layout for third mask is generated based on the mandrel mask layout for cutting metal lines formed under mandrel area on the semiconductor substrate.

Display device including a touch sensor

A display device includes: a display panel having: a lower substrate; an upper substrate facing the lower substrate and having at least one through hole formed therein; a display active layer disposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate; at least one lower pad disposed on the lower substrate; a touch sensing layer disposed on the upper substrate; and at least one connection pad disposed on the upper substrate. The connection pads are electrically connected to the lower pads through connectors disposed in the though holes of the upper substrate.

Polarizing plate comprising an external surface bonded to a glass substrate of a liquid crystal cell without aid of an additional member

A polarizing plate includes a first glass plate; a second glass plate facing the first glass plate; and a polarizing device between the first and second glass plates. An external surface of at least one of the first and second glass plates, which is not in contact with the polarizing device, has a root mean square surface roughness of about 1 nanometer or less.

Liquid crystal display comprising a liquid crystal layer positioned in a microcavity having a column portion in contact with a tapered side wall of the microcavity

A liquid crystal display includes a microcavity formed on an insulation substrate that has a tapered side wall; a liquid crystal layer positioned in the microcavity; and a column portion in contact with the tapered side wall of the microcavity and between microcavities. The column portion includes a second column organic layer and a first column insulating layer formed outside the second column organic layer, and a side surface of first column insulating layer coincides with the side wall of the microcavity.

Glass film laminate, method of manufacturing the same, and method of manufacturing glass film

A glass film laminate includes a carrier glass including a rough surface, a smooth surface surrounding the rough surface, the rough surface having a relatively large surface roughness and the smooth surface having a relatively small surface roughness, and a passage rough surface connected to the rough surface; and a glass film laminated on the rough surface and the smooth surface of the carrier glass.

Display panel and liquid crystal display

A display panel includes: an upper substrate, a lower substrate disposed under the upper substrate, a lower polarizer disposed under the lower substrate, and a step smoothing member disposed under the lower substrate and not overlapping with the lower polarizer.

Method of manufacturing device substrate and display device manufactured using the same

The method of manufacturing a device substrate includes forming a surface modifying layer on a process substrate. The surface modifying layer has a different hydrophobicity from that of the process substrate. The process substrate is disposed on a carrier substrate. The surface modifying layer is disposed between the process substrate and the carrier substrate. A device is formed on the process substrate. The process substrate is separated from the carrier substrate.

Liquid crystal display

A liquid crystal display includes a pixel electrode disposed on an insulating substrate; a plurality of microcavities disposed over the pixel electrode; a plurality of liquid crystal injection holes connected to the plurality of microcavities that form a path through which a liquid crystal is injected; a common electrode that covers the microcavities; a partition wall structure that divides the plurality of liquid crystal injection holes; and a roof layer disposed over the common electrode that covers the common electrode and the microcavities, and comprises an organic material.