SUPERHYDROPHOBIC FILMS

Superhydrophobic films (200, 400) are disclosed. More particularly, durable superhydrophobic films (200, 400) having discrete flat faces (206, 406) spaced apart by valleys (208, 408) where the valleys and faces are covered by nanostructures or nanoparticles (424) are disclosed. Various methods of making such films are also disclosed. 1. A superhydrophobic film , comprising:a first major surface; and wherein each of the discrete flat surface portions and valleys comprises a plurality of nanofeatures, and', 'wherein the superhydrophobic film has a water contact angle of at least 140 degrees and a sliding angle of less than 10 degrees., 'a second major surface opposite the first major surface, the second major surface comprising an array of discrete flat surface portions, wherein each of the discrete flat portions is substantially parallel to the first major surface; and the second major surface further comprising an array of valleys, wherein at least one valley is positioned between adjacent discrete flat surface portions,'}2. (canceled)3. The superhydrophobic film of claim 1 , wherein the valleys have flat side surfaces.4. The superhydrophobic film of claim 1 , wherein the valleys have curved side surfaces.5. The superhydrophobic film of claim 1 , wherein the film has a water contact angle of at least 150 degrees and a sliding angle of less than 5 degrees.6. (canceled)7. The superhydrophobic film of claim 1 , wherein the film is made of a polymer that is at least 95% PDMS.8. The superhydrophobic film of claim 1 , wherein the nanofeatures have an aspect ratio of at least 5 to 1.9. The superhydrophobic film of claim 1 , wherein the discrete flat portions are periodically spaced apart.10. The superhydrophobic film of claim 1 , wherein the discrete flat portions are variably spaced apart.11. (canceled)12. A superhydrophobic film claim 1 , comprising:a first major surface;a second major surface opposite the first major surface, the second major surface comprising an array ...

NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME

Material comprising sub-micrometer particles dispersed in a polymeric matrix. The materials are useful in article, for example, for numerous applications including display applications (e.g., liquid crystal displays (LCD), light emitting diode (LED) displays, or plasma displays); light extraction; electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, ophthalmic lenses; face shielding lenses or films; window films; antireflection for construction applications, and construction applications or traffic signs. 1. A material comprising sub-micrometer particles dispersed in a polymeric matrix , the material having a thickness , at least first and second integral regions across the thickness , the first region having the outer major surface , wherein at least the outer most sub-micrometer particles are partially conformally coated by the polymeric matrix , wherein the first and second regions have first and second average densities , respectively , and wherein the first average density is less than the average second density , wherein , the difference between the first and second average densities is in a range from 0.1 g/cmto 0.8 g/cm.2. (canceled)3. The material of claim 1 , wherein the second region is free of substantially closed porosity.4. The material of having a Steel Wool Scratch Test value of at least 1.5. The material of claim 1 , wherein at least the outer most sub-micrometer particles are partially conformally coated by and covalently bonded to the polymeric matrix.6. The material of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the polymer is made from a prepolymer comprising free radically curable prepolymer claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the prepolymer comprises at least one of a monomeric or oligomeric functional (meth)acrylate selected from a monomeric or oligomeric multifunctional (meth)acrylate claim 1 , a monomeric or oligomeric difunctional (meth)acrylate claim 1 , or a monomeric or oligomeric monofunctional (meth)acrylate.79-. (canceled)10. The material ...

POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL)-CONTAINING AND SILICA NANOPARTICLE MULTILAYER COATINGS AND METHODS

Articles having poly(vinyl alcohol)-containing (PVA-containing) and silica nanoparticle multilayer coatings are provided. More specifically, articles include a substrate and a multilayer coating attached to the substrate. The multilayer coating includes a first silica layer and a first PVA-containing layer. The first silica layer is a primer layer of the multilayer coating, and the silica layer comprises a plurality of acid-sintered interconnected silica nanoparticles arranged to form a continuous three-dimensional porous network. The PVA-containing and silica nanoparticle multilayer coatings can be used on a large variety of substrates and tend to be resistant to wet and dry abrasions, scratches, and impacts. 1. An article comprising:a. a substrate; and i. a first silica layer that is a primer layer of the multilayer coating directly attached to the substrate, the first silica layer comprising a plurality of acid-sintered interconnected silica nanoparticles arranged to form a continuous three-dimensional porous network; and', 'ii. a first PVA-containing layer disposed directly adjacent to the first silica layer, the first PVA-containing layer comprising between 10 weight percent and 100 weight percent poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)., 'b. a multilayer coating attached to the substrate, the multilayer coating comprising'}2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the first PVA-containing layer comprises between 0.5 weight percent and 90 weight percent silica nanoparticles.3. The article of claim 1 , further comprising a second PVA-containing layer disposed adjacent to the first PVA-containing layer claim 1 , the second PVA-containing comprising between 10 weight percent and 100 weight percent PVA.4. The article of claim 3 , wherein at least one of the first PVA-containing layer and the second PVA-containing layer comprises crosslinked PVA.5. The article of claim 1 , wherein the first silica layer further comprises PVA.6. The article of claim 2 , wherein the second PVA-containing ...

CROSSLINKED POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) AND SILICA NANOPARTICLE MULTILAYER COATINGS AND METHODS

Articles having crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and silica nanoparticle multilayer coatings are provided. More specifically, articles including a substrate, and a multilayer coating attached to the substrate are provided. The multilayer coating includes a first crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) layer and a first silica layer. The first crosslinked PVA layer is an outermost layer of the multilayer coating. The first silica layer comprises a plurality of acid-sintered interconnected silica nanoparticles arranged to form a continuous three-dimensional porous network. The PVA and silica nanoparticle multilayer coatings can be used on a large variety of substrates and tend to be resistant to wet and dry abrasions, scratches, and impacts. 1. An article comprising:a. a substrate; and i. an first crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) layer that is an outermost layer of the multilayer coating; and', 'ii. a first silica layer disposed between a surface of the substrate and the outermost crosslinked PVA layer, the first silica layer comprising a plurality of acid-sintered interconnected silica nanoparticles arranged to form a continuous three-dimensional porous network., 'b. a multilayer coating attached to the substrate, the multilayer coating comprising'}2. The article of claim 1 , further comprising one or more second PVA layers disposed between the first crosslinked PVA layer and the first silica layer claim 1 , between the first silica layer and the substrate claim 1 , or both.3. The article of claim 2 , wherein the second PVA layer comprises crosslinked PVA.4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the first silica layer further comprises PVA.5. The article of claim 1 , wherein the first crosslinked PVA layer further comprises a plurality of silica nanoparticles.6. The article of claim 1 , wherein the silica nanoparticles have a bi-modal size distribution.7. The article of claim 6 , wherein the silica nanoparticles have average particle diameters up to 20 nanometers8 ...

COATED ABRASIVE ARTICLE MAKER APPARATUS

A coated abrasive article maker apparatus is disclosed comprising a first web path comprising a production tool and a second web path configured for a resin coated backing. The second web path is configured to guide the resin coated backing through the coated abrasive article maker apparatus with the resin layer positioned facing the dispensing surface. An abrasive particle feeder is positioned along the first web path and is configured to dispense abrasive particles onto the dispensing surface such that abrasive particles are removably disposed within cavities of the production tool. Abrasive particles are transferred from the plurality of cavities to the resin layer of the resin coated backing when the production tool is positioned adjacent the resin coated backing. 1. A coated abrasive article maker apparatus comprising:a first web path comprising a production tool, the production tool comprising a carrier member having a dispensing surface and a back surface opposite the dispensing surface, wherein the carrier member comprises a precisely-replicated web or tooling comprising a plurality of cavities formed therein that are complementary in shape and size to the size of abrasive particles to be coated, wherein, on a respective basis, each of the cavities extends into the carrier member from a first opening at the dispensing surface to a second end proximate the back surface, wherein the second end is smaller than the first opening, the first web path configured to guide the production tool through the coated abrasive article maker apparatus;a second web path configured for a resin coated backing, the resin coated backing comprising a resin layer, the second web path configured to guide the resin coated backing through the coated abrasive article maker apparatus with the resin layer positioned facing the dispensing surface; andan abrasive particle feeder positioned along the first web path, the abrasive particle feeder configured to dispense abrasive particles onto ...

Systems and methods for web page layout detection

Examples of the systems and methods described herein relate to methods, systems, and apparatus for automatically detecting layouts or web pages and/or extracting information from the web pages, based on the detected layouts. An example computer-implemented method includes: loading a web page; identifying one or more candidate elements on the web page according to at least one of a padding constraint, a grouping constraint, and a size constraint; determining a plurality of features for the one or more candidate elements, the features including at least one of a dimension feature, a content feature, and a background feature; providing the plurality of features as input to one or more classifiers; and receiving as output from the one or more classifiers an identification of one or more information elements on the web page, the information elements including information of interest to one or more users.

POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) AND SILICA NANOPARTICLE MULTILAYER COATINGS AND METHODS

Articles having poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and silica nanoparticle multilayer coatings are provided. More specifically, the articles include a substrate and a multilayer coating attached to the substrate. The multilayer coating includes a silica layer that is the outermost layer, the silica layer containing acid-sintered interconnected silica nanoparticles arranged to form a continuous three-dimensional porous network. The multilayer coating also includes a PVA layer disposed between a surface of the substrate and the outermost silica layer. The PVA and silica nanoparticle coatings can be used on a large variety of substrates and tend to be resistant to impacts, scratches, wet abrasions, soil and fog. 1. An article comprising:a. a substrate; i. a first silica layer that is an outermost layer of the multilayer coating, the first silica layer comprising a plurality of acid-sintered interconnected silica nanoparticles arranged to form a continuous three-dimensional porous network; and', 'ii. a first poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) layer disposed between a surface of the substrate and the outermost silica layer., 'b. a multilayer coating attached to the substrate, the multilayer coating comprising'}2. The article of claim 1 , further comprising one or more second PVA layers disposed between the first PVA layer and the first silica layer claim 1 , between the first PVA layer and the substrate claim 1 , or both.3. The article of claim 2 , wherein at least one of the first PVA layer and the second PVA layer comprises crosslinked PVA.4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the first silica layer further comprises PVA.5. The article of claim 1 , wherein the first PVA layer further comprises a plurality of silica nanoparticles.6. The article of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of acid-sintered interconnected silica nanoparticles are formed from a dispersion comprising the silica nanoparticles acidified with an acid having a pKa less than 3.5 to a pH in a range of 2 to 5.7. The article of ...

ADHESIVE ARTICLE WITH RELEASE LAYER INCLUDING POLYMERIZED (METH)ACRYLATED SILICONE

An adhesive article including a pressure sensitive adhesive layer and a release layer in contact with the pressure sensitive adhesive layer. The release layer includes a polymer matrix that includes polymerized (meth)acrylated silicone and a plurality of nanovoids. 1. An adhesive article comprising a pressure sensitive adhesive layer and a release layer disposed on a substrate , wherein the release layer is in contact with the pressure sensitive adhesive layer , and wherein the release layer comprises a polymer matrix comprising polymerized polyether-free (meth)acrylated silicone and a plurality of nanovoids; wherein a volume fraction of the plurality of nanovoids in the release layer is no more than 0.5.2. The adhesive article of wherein the release layer further comprises a plurality of nanoparticles.3. The adhesive article of wherein the nanoparticles comprise surface-modified nanoparticles.4. The adhesive article of wherein the surface-modified nanoparticles comprise reactive nanoparticles claim 3 , non-reactive nanoparticles claim 3 , or combinations thereof.5. The adhesive article of wherein the surface-modified nanoparticles comprise reactive nanoparticles.6. The adhesive article of wherein at least a portion of the reactive nanoparticles form a chemical bond with the polymer matrix.7. The adhesive article of wherein the surface-modified nanoparticles comprise non-reactive nanoparticles.8. The adhesive article of wherein at least a portion of the non-reactive nanoparticles form a physical bond with the polymer matrix.914-. (canceled)15. An adhesive article comprising a pressure sensitive adhesive layer and a release layer disposed on a substrate claim 7 , wherein the release layer is in contact with the pressure sensitive adhesive layer claim 7 , and wherein the release layer is formed by a process comprising:providing a first solution comprising a polymerizable material in a solvent, wherein the polymerizable material comprises a (meth)acrylated silicone;at ...

A COATED ABRASIVE ARTICLE MAKER APPARATUS

A coated abrasive article maker apparatus including a first web path guiding a production tool such that it wraps a portion of the outer circumference of an abrasive particle transfer roll; a second web path for a resin coated backing guiding the resin coated backing such that it wraps a portion of the outer circumference of the abrasive particle transfer roll with the resin layer positioned facing the dispensing surface of the production tool this is positioned between the resin coated backing and the outer circumference of the abrasive particle transfer roll; and wherein abrasive particles are transferred from cavities in the production tool to the resin coated backing as the resin coated backing and the production tool traverse around the abrasive particle transfer roll 1. A coated abrasive article maker apparatus comprising:a first web path for a production tool having a dispensing surface with a plurality of cavities, the first web path guiding the production tool through the coated abrasive article maker apparatus such that it wraps a portion of the outer circumference of an abrasive particle transfer roll;a second web path for a resin coated backing guiding the resin coated backing through the coated abrasive article maker apparatus such that it wraps a portion of the outer circumference of the abrasive particle transfer roll with the resin layer positioned facing the dispensing surface and the production tool positioned between the resin coated backing and the outer circumference of the abrasive particle transfer roll; andan abrasive particle feeder, positioned prior to the abrasive particle transfer roll in the direction of travel of the production tool along the first web path, to dispense abrasive particles onto the dispensing surface and into the plurality of cavities; andwherein abrasive particles are transferred from the plurality of cavities to the resin coated backing as the resin coated backing and the production tool traverse around the abrasive ...

Composition Comprising Particulate Flow Aid

A composition comprises (a) a resin component comprising at least one liquid resin; (b) a reinforcing modifier comprising short fibers that are flexible; and (c) a flow modifier comprising hybrid organic-inorganic particles bearing organic or heteroorganic groups that comprise substantially non-interacting groups; wherein the reinforcing modifier and the flow modifier are dispersed in the resin component. 1. A composition comprising(a) a resin component comprising at least one liquid resin;(b) a reinforcing modifier comprising short fibers that are flexible; and(c) a flow modifier comprising hybrid organic-inorganic particles bearing organic or heteroorganic groups that comprise substantially non-interacting groups;wherein said reinforcing modifier and said flow modifier are dispersed in said resin component.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said resin is a curable resin.3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein said curable resin is a thermosetting resin.4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein said thermosetting resin is selected from the group consisting of epoxide resins claim 3 , unsaturated polyester resins claim 3 , curable imide resins claim 3 , vinyl ester resins claim 3 , acrylic resins claim 3 , bisbenzocyclobutane resins claim 3 , cyanate ester resins claim 3 , phenolic resins claim 3 , urethane resins claim 3 , urethane (meth)acrylate resins claim 3 , and combinations thereof.5. The composition of claim 3 , wherein said thermosetting resin is selected from the group consisting of epoxide resins claim 3 , urethane resins claim 3 , and combinations thereof.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said short fibers have an average length that is less than or equal to 20 millimeters; and/or said short fibers have an average diameter that is less than or equal to 100 micrometers.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said short fibers are selected from glass fibers claim 1 , ceramic fibers claim 1 , boron fibers claim 1 , silicon carbide fibers claim 1 , ...

SILSESQUIOXANE-LIKE PARTICLES

Described herein is a method of making silsesquioxane-like particles using polyhydrosiloxanes and a water soluble base. The silsesquioxane-like particles have an average particle diameter of less than 100 micrometers and are substantially free of —OH bonds. In one embodiment, the silsesquioxane-like particles may be used in films. 1. A composition comprising: a plurality of silsesquioxane-like particles , wherein the particles are substantially free of —OH bonds , and wherein at least a portion of the plurality of silsesquioxane-like particles has an average particle diameter of less than 100 micrometers.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the plurality of silsesquioxane-like particles has an average particle diameter less than 100 nanometers.3. A film comprising the composition of .4. The film of claim 3 , wherein the film is hydrophobic.5. A composite comprising the composition of .6. A method of making a plurality of particles comprising:providing a solution, a water soluble base, and a polyhydrosiloxane contacting the polyhydrosiloxane with the water soluble base in the presence of the solution.7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising adding heat when the polyhydosiloxane is contact with the water soluble base.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the polyhydrosiloxane is selected from: polymethylhydrosiloxane claim 6 , polyethylhydrosiloxane claim 6 , polypropylhydrosiloxane claim 6 , polybutylhydosiloxane claim 6 , polybenzylhydrosiloxane claim 6 , methylhydrogen cyclosiloxane claim 6 , and combinations thereof.9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the solution is a polar organic solvent.10. A composition comprising a particle claim 6 , wherein the particle is derived from a water soluble base claim 6 , and a polyhydrosiloxane. A process for preparing silsesquioxane-like particles is described along with compositions and articles thereof.Hydrophobic films and coatings, have garnered considerable attention in recent years due to a ...

NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING THEM

MATERIAIS NANOESTRUTURADOS E MÉTODOS PARA A PRODUÇÃO DOS MESMOS Trata-se de um material que compreende partículas submicrométricas dispersas em uma matriz polimérica. Os materiais são úteis em artigos, por exemplo, para numerosas aplicações incluindo aplicações de exibição (por exemplo, telas de cristal líquido (LCD), telas de diodo emissor de luz (LED), ou telas de plasma); extração de luz; proteção contra interferência eletromagnética (IEM), lentes oftálmicas; lentes para proteção da face ou filmes protetores; filmes para janelas; aplicações anti-reflexão para construções; e aplicações para construções ou sinais de trânsito.

Silsesquioxane-like particles

Described herein is a method of making silsesquioxane-like particles using polyhydrosiloxanes and a water soluble base. The silsesquioxane-like particles have an average particle diameter of less than 100 micrometers and are substantially free of —OH bonds. In one embodiment, the silsesquioxane-like particles may be used in films.

Poly(vinyl alcohol) and silica nanoparticle multilayer coatings and methods

Articles having poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and silica nanoparticle multilayer coatings are provided. More specifically, the articles include a substrate and a multilayer coating attached to the substrate. The multilayer coating includes a silica layer that is the outermost layer, the silica layer containing acid-sintered interconnected silica nanoparticles arranged to form a continuous three-dimensional porous network. The multilayer coating also includes a PVA layer disposed between a surface of the substrate and the outermost silica layer. The PVA and silica nanoparticle coatings can be used on a large variety of substrates and tend to be resistant to impacts, scratches, wet abrasions, soil and fog.

Silsesquioxane-like particles

Adhesive article with release layer including polymerized (meth)acrylated silicone

An adhesive article including a pressure sensitive adhesive layer and a release layer in contact with the pressure sensitive adhesive layer. The release layer includes a polymer matrix that includes polymerized (meth)acrylated silicone and a plurality of nanovoids.

Systems and methods for web page layout detection

Examples of the systems and methods described herein relate to methods, systems, and apparatus for automatically detecting layouts or web pages and/or extracting information from the web pages, based on the detected layouts. An example computer-implemented method includes: loading a web page; identifying one or more candidate elements on the web page according to at least one of a padding constraint, a grouping constraint, and a size constraint; determining a plurality of features for the one or more candidate elements, the features including at least one of a dimension feature, a content feature, and a background feature; providing the plurality of features as input to one or more classifiers; and receiving as output from the one or more classifiers an identification of one or more information elements on the web page, the information elements including information of interest to one or more users.

Superhydrophobic films

Superhydrophobic films (200, 400) are disclosed. More particularly, durable superhydrophobic films (200, 400) having discrete flat faces (206, 406) spaced apart by valleys (208, 408) where the valleys and faces are covered by nanostructures or nanoparticles (424) are disclosed. Various methods of making such films are also disclosed..

Adversarial input generation for natural language processing machine learning models

Disclosed in some examples are methods, systems, and machine readable mediums which provide summaries of topics determined within a corpus of documents. These summaries may be used by customer service associates, analysts, or other users to quickly determine both topics discussed and contexts of those topics over a large corpus of text. For example, a corpus of documents may be related to customer complaints and the topics may be summarized to produce summaries such as “credit report update due to stolen identity.” These summarizations may be used to efficiently spot trends and issues.

Adversarial input generation for natural language processing machine learning models

Disclosed in some examples are methods, systems, and machine readable mediums which provide summaries of topics determined within a corpus of documents. These summaries may be used by customer service associates, analysts, or other users to quickly determine both topics discussed and contexts of those topics over a large corpus of text. For example, a corpus of documents may be related to customer complaints and the topics may be summarized to produce summaries such as “credit report update due to stolen identity.” These summarizations may be used to efficiently spot trends and issues.

Poly(vinyl alcohol)-containing and silica nanoparticle multilayer coatings and methods

Articles having poly(vinyl alcohol)-containing (PVA-containing) and silica nanoparticle multilayer coatings are provided. More specifically, articles include a substrate and a multilayer coating attached to the substrate. The multilayer coating includes a first silica layer and a first PVA-containing layer. The first silica layer is a primer layer of the multilayer coating, and the silica layer comprises a plurality of acid-sintered interconnected silica nanoparticles arranged to form a continuous three-dimensional porous network. The PVA-containing and silica nanoparticle multilayer coatings can be used on a large variety of substrates and tend to be resistant to wet and dry abrasions, scratches, and impacts.

Crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) and silica nanoparticle multilayer coatings and methods

Articles having crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and silica nanoparticle multilayer coatings are provided. More specifically, articles including a substrate, and a multilayer coating attached to the substrate are provided. The multilayer coating includes a first crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) layer and a first silica layer. The first crosslinked PVA layer is an outermost layer of the multilayer coating. The first silica layer comprises a plurality of acid-sintered interconnected silica nanoparticles arranged to form a continuous three-dimensional porous network. The PVA and silica nanoparticle multilayer coatings can be used on a large variety of substrates and tend to be resistant to wet and dry abrasions, scratches, and impacts.