Distributed electrical microgrid control

An electrical power source includes a power converter and either an electrical generator or an electrical energy storage device. Power flow is controlled through controlling power converter based on a voltage source and resistance model of the electrical power source. A power converter for an electrical generator is controlled to synthesize or produce a constant voltage of the voltage source and a variable value of the resistance. The resistance value is controlled to deliver a maximum available output power to the electrical microgrid over a range of microgrid voltages up to a voltage below a maximum allowable voltage of the electrical microgrid. For an electrical energy storage device, the power converter is controlled to synthesize or produce a resistance value of the resistance that is dependent upon a phase angle between the voltage at the microgrid side of the electrical power source and current of the electrical energy storage device.

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL RAPID SHUTDOWN AND RECOVERY

A test signal is applied from a continuity test source to a photovoltaic (PV) panel string, to test electrical continuity in the PV panel string and between the PV panel string and an inverter that is coupled to the PV panel string. If the test signal is detected at a PV panel disconnect switch that is separate from the continuity test source and switchably couples one or more Direct Current (DC) PV panels in the PV panel string, then the PV panel disconnect switch is controlled to connect the one or more DC PV panels in the PV panel string. Otherwise, the PV panel disconnect switch is controlled to disconnect the one or more DC PV panels from the PV panel string. The test signal could be, for example, an Alternating Current (AC) signal tuned to a PV installation that includes the PV panel string and the inverter. 1. A method comprising:applying a test signal, from a continuity test source to a photovoltaic (PV) panel string, to test electrical continuity in the PV panel string and between the PV panel string and an inverter that is coupled to the PV panel string;monitoring for presence of the test signal at a PV panel disconnect switch that switchably couples one or more of a plurality of Direct Current (DC) PV panels in the PV panel string;controlling the PV panel disconnect switch to connect the one or more DC PV panels in the PV panel string where the test signal is present at the PV panel disconnect switch;controlling the PV panel disconnect switch to disconnect the one or more DC PV panels from the PV panel string where the test signal is not present at the PV panel disconnect switch.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying comprises:determining whether a string current flowing in the PV panel string is below a threshold;applying the test signal to the PV panel string only where it is determined that the string current is below the threshold.3. The method of further comprising:determining a value of DC current in the PV panel string;controlling the PV ...

DISTRIBUTED ELECTRICAL MICROGRID CONTROL

An electrical power source includes a power converter and either an electrical generator or an electrical energy storage device. Power flow is controlled through control of the power converter based on a voltage source and resistance model of the electrical power source. A power converter for an electrical generator is controlled to synthesize a constant voltage of the voltage source and a variable value of the resistance. The resistance value is controlled to deliver a maximum available output power to the electrical microgrid over a range of microgrid voltages up to a voltage below a maximum allowable voltage of the electrical microgrid. For an electrical energy storage device, the power converter is controlled to synthesize a resistance value of the resistance that is dependent upon a phase angle between the voltage at the microgrid side of the electrical power source and current of the electrical energy storage device. 1. A method comprising:monitoring voltage at a microgrid side of an electrical power source in an electrical microgrid, the electrical power source comprising an electrical generator and a power converter coupled to the electrical generator at the microgrid side of the electrical generator, the electrical generator having a variable maximum available output power;monitoring voltage at an electrical generator side of the power converter of the electrical power source;varying power flow between the microgrid and the electrical power source by controlling the power converter to synthesize, in a voltage source and resistance model of the electrical power source, a constant voltage of the voltage source and a variable value of the resistance,{'sub': MAX1', 'MAX, 'controlling the power converter comprising controlling the value of the resistance to deliver the maximum available output power to the electrical microgrid over a range of microgrid voltages up to a first voltage Vbelow a maximum allowable voltage Vof the electrical microgrid.'}2. The method ...

VIRTUAL INVERTER FOR POWER GENERATION UNITS

A gateway controller allows a plurality of individual power generation units coupled to an electrical distribution grid to be controlled in a coordinated fashion. The gateway controller allows control of the plurality of individual power generation units as a single power generation unit. The gateway controller may determine required control parameters of the power generation units that will provide a desired combined behavior, such as combined alternating current injected into the grid, and issues commands to the power generation units based on the determined control parameters. 1. A photovoltaic (PV) power generation and control system comprising: a PV panel capable of producing direct current (DC); and', 'an inverter capable of outputting AC from the DC produced by the PV panel, the inverter including a communication interface for receiving remote control information for setting at least one control parameter to control an output characteristic of the inverter; and, 'a coordinated power generation group comprising a plurality of generation units capable of outputting alternating current (AC), each generation unit comprising a communication interface for communicating with the respective inverters of the plurality of generation units; and', 'control functionality for determining remote control information for setting respective control parameters of the inverters of the plurality of generation units to cooperatively control the output characteristics of the inverters of the plurality of power generation units to provide a desired combined behaviour from the plurality of power generation units., 'a gateway controller comprising2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control functionality of the gateway controller comprises islanding functionality for controlling the output of the inverters to cooperatively detect islanding of the coordinated power generation group.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the islanding functionality sets control parameters of the inverters ...

Testing of memory content

Method of testing the correct operation of memory and method of testing the content of memory

The invention relates to the computer engineering and microelectronics and may be used in the intellectual boards for testing the information recorded in the memory merged with a microprocessor.The process includes comparison of the output information from the memory (2), fed through the reading channel (10) with the preset data signals generated from without, and fed by way of the port (7) through the reading channel (9).The comparison is made by means of the comparison device (3), which may be, for example, a microprocessor programmed to carry out the comparison. At the output of the comparison device (3) appears a common checking signal launched into the port (5). The stored data, recorded in the memory (2), can permanently be stored in the memory, for example, in a read-only memory (ROM) or can (if the memory is electrically modified) especially be recorded in the memory for testing.The result consists in protecting the memory content from direct access.

Testing function of smart card memory by comparison with encrypted input data

PCT No. PCT/GB95/01642 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 13, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 13, 1997 PCT Filed Jul. 12, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/02917 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 1, 1996A method of testing a memory associated with a microprocessor, particularly for use in smart cards. The method involves comparing the output from the memory (2) passed along a read path (10) with predetermined data signals generated externally and passed via a port (7) along a read path (9). Comparison is carried out in a comparison device (3) which may, for example, be the microprocessor, suitably programmed. The output form the comparison device (3) is a simple pass/fail verification signal applied to a port (5). The stored data held in memory (2) may be permanently held data such as in a ROM, or (where the memory is alterable) may be specially written to the memory for the purpose of the text.

Speicherinhaltprüfung

Distributed electrical microgrid control

An electrical power source includes a power converter and either an electrical generator or an electrical energy storage device. Power flow is controlled through control of the power converter based on a voltage source and resistance model of the electrical power source. A power converter for an electrical generator is controlled to synthesize a constant voltage of the voltage source and a variable value of the resistance. The resistance value is controlled to deliver a maximum available output power to the electrical microgrid over a range of microgrid voltages up to a voltage below a maximum allowable voltage of the electrical microgrid. For an electrical energy storage device, the power converter is controlled to synthesize a resistance value of the resistance that is dependent upon a phase angle between the voltage at the microgrid side of the electrical power source and current of the electrical energy storage device.

Virtual inverter for power generation units

A gateway controller allows a plurality of individual power generation units coupled to an electrical distribution grid to be controlled in a coordinated fashion. The gateway controller allows control of the plurality of individual power generation units as a single power generation unit. The gateway controller may determine required control parameters of the power generation units that will provide a desired combined behavior, such as combined alternating current injected into the grid, and issues commands to the power generation units based on the determined control parameters.