PROPANEDIOL DELIVERY SYSTEMS

A biodelivery system has been found which increases the efficiency and effectiveness of introducing antimicrobial compounds into complex biofilm matrices through the use of liposome carriers, thereby removing the biofouling in industrial water bearing systems, including piping, heat exchanges, condensers, filtration systems and fluid storage tanks. According to one embodiment of the invention, antimicrobial compound containing liposomes are added to water systems prone to biofouling and biofilm formation. The liposomes, being similar in composition to microbial membranes or cells, are readily incorporated into the existing biofilm. Once the antimicrobial compound containing liposomes become entrained with the biofilm matrix, the decomposition or disintegration of the liposome proceeds. Thereafter the biocidal core is released to react directly with the biofilm encased microorganisms. Upon the death of the organisms, the matrix decomposes and thereby results in reduced fouling of the water ...

Method and strategy to detect the lock-up of planetary gear in power split hybrid vehicles

A system and method for controlling a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain having an engine, a generator, and a motor connected via a planetary gear set to detect lockup in the planetary gear set and control the powertrain in response. When torque is distributed in an electric mode of operation with the engine disabled, the generator is disabled based at least upon a difference between actual generator speed and an expected generator speed exceeding a threshold, indicating a lockup in the planetary gear set. When the engine is activated and distributes torque through the powertrain, the engine and the generator are disabled based at least upon a difference between engine acceleration and an expected engine acceleration exceeding a first threshold, and a difference between engine speed and ring gear speed being less than a second threshold.

METHOD AND STRATEGY TO DETECT THE LOCK-UP OF PLANETARY GEAR IN POWER SPLIT HYBRID VEHICLES

A system and method for controlling a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain having an engine, a generator, and a motor connected via a planetary gear set to detect lockup in the planetary gear set and control the powertrain in response. When torque is distributed in an electric mode of operation with the engine disabled, the generator is disabled based at least upon a difference between actual generator speed and an expected generator speed exceeding a threshold, indicating a lockup in the planetary gear set. When the engine is activated and distributes torque through the powertrain, the engine and the generator are disabled based at least upon a difference between engine acceleration and an expected engine acceleration exceeding a first threshold, and a difference between engine speed and ring gear speed being less than a second threshold.

BIODELIVERY SYSTEMS

A biodelivery system has been found which increases the efficiency and effectiveness of introducing antimicrobial compounds into complex biofilm matrices through the use of liposome carriers, thereby removing the biofouling in industrial water bearing systems, including piping, heat exchanges, condensers, filtration systems and fluid storage tanks. According to one embodiment of the invention, antimicrobial compound containing liposomes are added to water systems prone to biofouling and biofilm formation. The liposomes, being similar in composition to microbial membranes or cells, are readily incorporated into the existing biofilm. Once the antimicrobial compound containing liposomes become entrained with the biofilm matrix, the decomposition or disintegration of the liposome proceeds. Thereafter the biocidal core is released to react directly with the biofilm encased microorganisms. Upon the death of the organisms, the matrix decomposes and thereby results in reduced fouling of the water bearing system, resulting in increased heat transfer, increased flux, less deposit of colloidal and particulate solids and dissolved organics on the surface of the microfiltration membrane, thereby reducing the frequency and duration of the membrane cleaning and ultimate replacement.

METHOD AND STRATEGY TO DETECT THE LOCK-UP OF PLANETARY GEAR IN POWER SPLIT HYBRID VEHICLES

A system and method for controlling a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain having an engine, a generator, and a motor connected via a planetary gear set to detect lockup in the planetary gear set and control the powertrain in response. When torque is distributed in an electric mode of operation with the engine disabled, the generator is disabled based at least upon a difference between actual generator speed and an expected generator speed exceeding a threshold, indicating a lockup in the planetary gear set. When the engine is activated and distributes torque through the powertrain, the engine and the generator are disabled based at least upon a difference between engine acceleration and an expected engine acceleration exceeding a first threshold, and a difference between engine speed and ring gear speed being less than a second threshold. 1. A method for controlling a hybrid vehicle having an engine and a traction motor coupled to a driveline including a generator and a planetary gear set with a ring gear , comprising: a difference between engine acceleration and expected engine acceleration exceeding a first threshold, and', 'a difference between engine speed and ring gear speed being less than a second threshold, indicating a lockup in the planetary gear set., 'disabling the generator based at least upon2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the generator is coupled to the planetary gear set and electrically connected to the traction motor claim 1 , the method further comprising disabling the engine when the lockup in the planetary gear set is indicated.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein disabling the generator includes disabling the generator based at least upon:a difference between the engine speed and a target engine speed exceeding a third threshold, andgenerator torque exceeding a fourth threshold.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising delivering torque from the traction motor to vehicle wheels upon the disabling of the generator.5. The method of claim 1 , ...

Method and strategy to detect the lock-up of planetary gear in power split hybrid vehicles

A system and method for controlling a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain having an engine, a generator, and a motor connected via a planetary gear set to detect lockup in the planetary gear set and control the powertrain in response. When torque is distributed in an electric mode of operation with the engine disabled, the generator is disabled based at least upon a difference between actual generator speed and an expected generator speed exceeding a threshold, indicating a lockup in the planetary gear set. When the engine is activated and distributes torque through the powertrain, the engine and the generator are disabled based at least upon a difference between engine acceleration and an expected engine acceleration exceeding a first threshold, and a difference between engine speed and ring gear speed being less than a second threshold.

Method and strategy for detecting the blocking of a planetary gear in hybrid power split vehicles

Ein System und ein Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Hybridelektrofahrzeugantriebsstrangs haben einen durch einen Planetenradsatz verbundenen Verbrennungsmotor, Generator und Motor, um Sperrung im Planetenradsatz zu erkennen und den Antriebsstrang als Reaktion darauf zu steuern. Wenn Drehmoment in einem elektrischen Betriebsmodus bei deaktiviertem Verbrennungsmotor verteilt wird, wird der Generator auf Grundlage mindestens dessen deaktiviert, dass eine Differenz zwischen der Istgeneratordrehzahl und einer erwarteten Generatordrehzahl einen Schwellwert übersteigt, was eine Sperrung in dem Planetenradsatz anzeigt. Wenn der Verbrennungsmotor aktiviert ist und Drehmoment durch den Antriebsstrang verteilt, werden der Verbrennungsmotor und der Generator auf Grundlage mindestens dessen deaktiviert, dass eine Differenz zwischen der Verbrennungsmotorbeschleunigung und einer erwarteten Verbrennungsmotorbeschleunigung einen ersten Schwellwert übersteigt und eine Differenz zwischen der Verbrennungsmotordrehzahl und der Hohlraddrehzahl unter einem zweiten Schwellwert liegt. A system and method for controlling a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain have an internal combustion engine, generator, and motor connected by a planetary gearset to detect lockup in the planetary gearset and to control the powertrain in response thereto. When torque is distributed in an electrical operating mode with the engine deactivated, the generator is deactivated based on at least a difference between the actual generator speed and an expected generator speed exceeding a threshold, indicating a lock in the planetary gear set. When the engine is activated and distributes torque through the powertrain, the engine and the generator are deactivated based on at least one of a difference between the engine acceleration and an expected engine acceleration exceeding a first threshold and a difference between the engine speed and the ring gear speed below a second one Threshold is.

Proteins interacting with a sucrose transporter

Proteins interacting with a sucrose transporter

Nucleic acid molecules encoding plant proteins that interact with a sucrose transporter are disclosed. These molecules may be introduced into plants in order to alter the sugar transport and/or allocation with the plants.