CHROMOPHORES FOR PHOTOCHROMIC COMPOSITIONS USEFUL FOR THREE DIMENSIONAL DISPLAY APPLICATIONS

Described herein are novel azo-benzene type chromophores. The chromophores are useful in photochromic compositions comprising a polymer matrix and a chromophore, wherein the chromophore is a novel azo-benzene type structure. The photochromic composition is photoresponsive upon irradiation by at least one wavelength of laser light across the visible light spectrum. Photochromic devices which comprise the novel azo-benzene type chromophore compound show significantly higher photoinduced birefringence, higher diffraction efficiency, and brighter images than devices that comprise well known azo-benzene chromophores. The photochromic composition may include a liquid crystal.

COLOR FILTER USING HOLOGRAPHIC ELEMENT

Described herein are devices, compositions, and methods for improving color discernment. In particular, devices and methods for correcting color blindness comprising a hologram that enhances the ability to distinguish a desired first bandwidth by decreasing the transmission of a second bandwidth. Advantageously, the device appears not tinted to outside observer. 1. A device for improving a person's ability to distinguish colors comprising:a holographic element;a positioning component, coupled to the holographic element, and configured to position the holographic element to an active position with respect to an eye of a person;wherein an image, having light of a first visible color wavelength and light of a second visible color wavelength, and passing through the holographic element is viewable by the eye when the holographic element is in the active position;wherein the holographic element diffracts light of the second visible color wavelength so that, with respect to the image viewed without passing through the holographic element, the relative brightness of light of the second visible color wavelength is less than that of the first visible color wavelength; andwherein the difference in relative brightness between the first visible color wavelength and the second visible color wavelength enhances the ability to distinguish colors in the image.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a substantially transparent substrate in optical communication with the holographic element.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the holographic element comprises an interference pattern comprising a plurality of varied refractive index materials.4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the interference pattern comprises a plurality of ridges disposed in the surface of the holographic element.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the holographic element comprises a hologram claim 1 , wherein the hologram is prepared using a laser.6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second visible color ...

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE GRAPHENE OXIDE MEMBRANE

Described herein is a graphene material based membrane that provides selective resistance for solutes or gas while providing water permeability. A selectively permeable membrane comprising graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and also functionalized or crosslinked between the graphene, that provides enhanced salt separation from water or gas permeability resistance, methods for making such membranes, and methods of using the membranes for dehydrating or removing solutes from water are also described. 3. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the porous substrate comprises a polymer or hollow fibers.4. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the optionally substituted graphene oxide material comprises platelets.5. The membrane of claim 4 , wherein the platelets have a size that is about 0.05 μm to about 50 μm.6. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the optionally substituted cross-linked graphene oxide is about 20 atom % to about 90 atom % carbon.7. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the optionally substituted cross-linked graphene oxide is prepared by reacting an optionally substituted meta-phenylenediamine (MPD) with an optionally substituted graphene oxide (GO) claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of optionally substituted meta-phenylenediamine to optionally substituted graphene oxide (MPD/GO) is in a range of about 0.1 to about 100.8. The membrane of claim 7 , wherein the weight ratio of the optionally substituted meta-phenylenediamine to the optionally substituted graphene oxide (MPD/GO) is in a range of 1 to 10.9. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the optionally substituted graphene oxide is a non-functionalized graphene oxide claim 1 , reduced-graphene oxide claim 1 , functionalized graphene oxide claim 1 , functionalized and reduced-graphene oxide claim 1 , or a combination thereof.10. The membrane of claim 1 , further comprising a salt rejection layer.11. The membrane of claim 10 , wherein the salt rejection layer is disposed on the graphene oxide layer.12. The membrane ...

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE POLYMERIC MEMBRANE

Described herein are polymeric based composite membranes that provide selective resistance for gases while providing water vapor permeability. Such composite membranes have a high water/air selectivity in permeability. The methods for making such membranes and using the membranes for dehydrating or removing water vapor from gases are also described. 1. A dehydration membrane comprising:a porous support; anda composite coated on the porous support, wherein the composite comprises a polyether block amide (PEBA), a poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDADMA), a poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PACD), a poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)(PSS), or a combination thereof.2. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the composite comprises the PEBA.3. The dehydration membrane of claim 2 , wherein the PEBA has a weight ratio of poly(ethylene oxide) to polyamide that is about 1.5.4. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the composite comprises the PDADMA claim 1 , and the molecular weight of the PDADMA is less than 100 claim 1 ,000 Da.5. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the composite comprises the PACD.6. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the composite comprises the PSS.7. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the composite is a layer that has a thickness of about 1 μm to about 10 μm.8. The dehydration membrane of claim 7 , wherein the composite is a layer that has a thickness of about 2 μm to about 5 μm.9. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the dehydration membrane has a water vapor transmission rate that is at least 1 claim 1 ,000 g/m/day as determined by ASTM E96 standard method.10. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the dehydration membrane has a gas permeance that is less than 0.001 L/ms Pa as determined by the Differential Pressure Method.11. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the porous support comprises stretched polypropylene or stretched polyethylene.12. A dehydration ...

PRESSURE SENSITIVE GRAPHENE-BASED VALVE ELEMENT

Described herein is a graphene-based valve element capable of passive and repeatable stopping or allowing fluid flow as a function of inlet pressure. Passive flow controller devices based on the valve element are also described. 1. A valve element disposed between a gas pressure differential , comprising:(1) a separating wall placed between a gas at a higher pressure and a gas at a lower pressure, wherein the difference between the higher pressure and the lower pressure is a pressure differential, wherein the wall comprises an aperture allowing fluid communication between the gases;(2) a valve membrane occluding the aperture, wherein the membrane comprises a graphene-based layer and a porous support, wherein the graphene-based layer is deposited upon the porous support;wherein the valve membrane allows the gas at the higher pressure to begin to pass through the aperture when the pressure differential reaches an opening threshold.2. The valve element of claim 1 , wherein the valve membrane precludes gas flow through the aperture when the pressure differential is at or below a closing threshold.3. The valve element of claim 1 , wherein the valve membrane allows for repeated opening and closing of gas flow in response to changes in the pressure differential.4. The valve element of claim 1 , wherein the opening threshold increases with the increase in the thickness of the graphene-based layer.5. The valve element of claim 2 , wherein the closing threshold is at or below about 30 psi.6. The valve element of claim 5 , wherein the closing threshold is about 10 psi to about 15 psi.7. The valve element of claim 1 , wherein the opening threshold is about 10 psi to about 100 psi.8. (canceled)9. The valve element of claim 7 , wherein the opening threshold is about 20 psi to about 30 psi.10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. The valve element of claim 1 , wherein the graphene-based layer comprises: graphene claim 1 , reduced graphene oxide claim 1 , or graphene oxide (GO).13. The ...

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE GRAPHENE OXIDE MEMBRANE

Described herein is a crosslinked graphene and biopolymer (e.g. lignin) based composite membrane that provides selective resistance for solutes while providing water permeability. The membrane may include optional additional functional additives in a crosslinked material matrix that provides enhanced salt separation from water. Methods for making such membranes, and methods of using the membranes for dehydrating or removing solutes from water are also described. 1. A water permeable membrane comprising:a porous support; anda composite coated on the porous support comprising a crosslinked graphene oxide compound, wherein the crosslinked graphene oxide compound is formed by reacting a mixture comprising a graphene oxide compound and a crosslinker comprising a lignin;wherein the water permeable membrane is water permeable and sufficiently strong to withstand a water pressure of 50 pounds per square inch while controlling water flow through the water permeable membrane.2. (canceled)3. The water permeable membrane of claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide compound is graphene oxide.4. The water permeable membrane of claim 1 , wherein the lignin comprises sodium lignosulfonate claim 1 , calcium lignosulfonate claim 1 , magnesium lignosulfonate claim 1 , or potassium lignosulfonate.5. The water permeable membrane of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinker further comprises a polyvinyl alcohol.6. (canceled)7. The water permeable membrane of claim 1 , wherein the composite further comprises a borate salt.8. The water permeable membrane of claim 7 , wherein the borate salt comprises KBO claim 7 , LiBO claim 7 , or NaBO claim 7 , wherein the borate salt is about 20 wt % or less of the composite.9. (canceled)10. The water permeable membrane of claim 1 , wherein the composite further comprises CaCl claim 1 , wherein the CaClis about 1.5 wt % or less of the composite.11. (canceled)12. The water permeable membrane of claim 1 , wherein the composite further comprises silica nanoparticles. ...

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE GRAPHENE OXIDE MEMBRANE

Described herein is a graphene material-based membrane that provides selective resistance for solutes or gas while providing water permeability. A selectively permeable membrane comprising graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and also functionalized or crosslinked between the graphene, that provides enhanced salt separation from water or gas permeability resistance, methods for making such membranes, and methods of using the membranes for dehydrating or removing solutes from water are also described. 3. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the porous substrate comprises a polymer or hollow fibers.4. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the optionally substituted graphene oxide material comprises platelets.5. The membrane of claim 4 , wherein the platelets have a size that is about 0.05 μm to about 50 μm.6. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the optionally substituted cross-linked graphene oxide is about 20 atom % to about 90 atom % carbon.7. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the optionally substituted cross-linked graphene oxide is prepared by reacting an optionally substituted meta-phenylenediamine (MPD) with an optionally substituted graphene oxide (GO) claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of optionally substituted meta-phenylenediamine to optionally substituted graphene oxide (MPD/GO) is in a range of about 0.1 to about 100.8. The membrane of claim 7 , wherein the weight ratio of the optionally substituted meta-phenylenediamine to the optionally substituted graphene oxide (MPD/GO) is in a range of 1 to 10.9. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the optionally substituted graphene oxide is a non-functionalized graphene oxide claim 1 , reduced-graphene oxide claim 1 , functionalized graphene oxide claim 1 , functionalized and reduced-graphene oxide claim 1 , or a combination thereof.10. The membrane of claim 1 , further comprising a salt rejection layer.11. The membrane of claim 10 , wherein the salt rejection layer is disposed on the graphene oxide layer.12. The membrane ...

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE GRAPHENE OXIDE MEMBRANE

Described herein is a crosslinked graphene and biopolymer (e.g. lignin) based composite membrane that provides selective resistance for gases while providing water vapor permeability. Methods for making such membranes, and methods of using the membranes for dehydrating mixtures, are also described. 1. A membrane for dehydration of a gas , comprising:a porous support;a composite coated on the porous support comprising a crosslinked graphene oxide compound, wherein the crosslinked graphene oxide compound is a product of reacting a mixture comprising: 1) a graphene oxide compound and 2) a crosslinker comprising a lignin; andwherein the membrane has high moisture permeability and low gas permeability.2. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the porous support comprises a polyamide claim 1 , a polyimide claim 1 , a polyvinylidene fluoride claim 1 , a polyethylene claim 1 , a polypropylene claim 1 , a polyethylene terephthalate claim 1 , a polysulfone claim 1 , or a polyether sulfone.3. The membrane of claim 2 , wherein the porous support comprises a polyethylene terephthalate.4. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide compound comprises graphene oxide claim 1 , reduced-graphene oxide claim 1 , functionalized graphene oxide claim 1 , or functionalized and reduced-graphene oxide.5. The membrane of claim 4 , wherein the graphene oxide compound is graphene oxide.6. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the lignin comprises sodium lignosulfonate claim 1 , calcium lignosulfonate claim 1 , magnesium lignosulfonate claim 1 , or potassium lignosulfonate.7. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinker further comprises polyvinyl alcohol claim 1 , and wherein polyvinyl alcohol is crosslinked with the graphene oxide compound.8. The membrane of claim 7 , wherein the weight ratio of polyvinyl alcohol to lignin is about 5 or less.9. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of crosslinker to the graphene oxide compound is about 2 to about 6.10. The membrane of claim ...

MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANE WITH GRAPHENE OXIDE AND POLYETHER AMIDE POLYMER FOR DEHYDRATION OF GAS

Described herein are crosslinked graphene oxide based composite membranes that provide selective resistance for gases while providing water vapor permeability. Such composite membranes have a high water/air selectivity in permeability. The methods for making such membranes, and using the membranes for dehydrating or removing water vapor from gases are also described. 1. A dehydration membrane comprising:a porous support; anda composite coated on the porous support comprising a crosslinked graphene oxide compound, wherein the crosslinked graphene oxide compound is formed by reacting a mixture comprising 1) a graphene oxide compound, and 2) a polyether block amide (PEBA), a poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDADMA), a poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PACD), a poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)(PSS), or a combination thereof.2. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the mixture comprises the PEBA.3. The dehydration membrane of claim 2 , wherein the weight ratio of the graphene oxide compound to the PEBA in the mixture is about 0.005 to about 0.1.4. The dehydration membrane of claim 2 , wherein the PEBA has a weight ratio of poly(ethylene oxide) to polyamide that is about 1.5.5. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the mixture comprises the PDADMA.6. The dehydration membrane of claim 5 , wherein mixture comprises the PDADMA and the PEBA claim 5 , and the weight ratio of the PDADMA to the PEBA in the mixture is about 0.01 to about 0.6.7. The dehydration membrane of claim 5 , wherein the molecular weight of the PDADMA is less than 100 claim 5 ,000 Da.8. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the mixture comprises the PACD.9. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the mixture comprises the PACD and the PEBA claim 1 , and the weight ratio of the PACD to the PEBA in the mixture is about 0.2 to about 0.4.10. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the mixture comprises the PSS.11. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , ...

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE GRAPHENE OXIDE MEMBRANE

Described herein is a crosslinked graphene based composite membrane that provides selective resistance to fluids solutes while providing water permeability, such as a selectively permeable membrane comprising a crosslinked graphene with a polyvinyl alcohol and silica-nanoparticle layer that can provide enhanced water separation. Also described herein are methods for making such membranes and methods of using the membranes for dehydrating or removing solutes from water. 151-. (canceled)53. The membrane of claim 52 , further comprising:an intermediate layer, comprising a crosslinked silica nanoparticle and polyvinyl alcohol composite, which is in physical communication with the porous support, and which is also in physical communication with the crosslinked graphene oxide composite layer.55. The membrane of claim 53 , wherein the silica nanoparticles in the crosslinked silica nanoparticle and polyvinyl alcohol composite are present at about 0.1 wt % to about 90 wt % as compared to the weight of the composite in the intermediate layer.56. The membrane of claim 55 , wherein the silica nanoparticles have an average size of about 5 nm to about 1 claim 55 ,000 nm.57. The membrane of claim 53 , wherein the intermediate layer further comprises an additive claim 53 , wherein the additive comprises a chloride salt claim 53 , a borate salt claim 53 , or an optionally substituted terephthalic acid.58. The membrane of claim 57 , wherein the chloride salt comprises LiCl or CaCl claim 57 , and wherein the chloride salt is present at 0.0 wt % to about 1.5 wt % as compared to the weight of the composite in the intermediate layer.59. The membrane of claim 57 , wherein the borate salt comprises KBO claim 57 , LiBO claim 57 , or NaBO claim 57 , wherein the borate salt is present at 0.0 wt % to about 20 wt % as compared to the weight of the composite in the intermediate layer.60. The membrane of claim 57 , wherein the optionally substituted terephthalic acid comprises 2 claim 57 ,5- ...

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE POLYMERIC MEMBRANE

Described herein are crosslinked polymeric based composite membranes that provide selective resistance for gases while providing water vapor permeability. Such composite membranes have a high water/air selectivity in permeability. The methods for making such membranes and using the membranes for dehydrating or removing water vapor from gases are also described. 1. A dehydration membrane comprising:a porous support; anda composite coating, comprising a polyether block amide (PEBA) and an inorganic filler, wherein the composite coating increases moisture permeability and decreases gas permeability.2. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic filler comprises aluminum trihydrate (ATH) claim 1 , calcium chloride (CaCl) claim 1 , a sodium aluminate claim 1 , a sodium silicate claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic filler is aluminum trihydrate (ATH).4. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic filler is calcium chloride (CaCl).5. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic filler is a sodium aluminate.6. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic filler is a sodium silicate.7. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the PEBA is crosslinked to the inorganic filler.8. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the composite coating further comprises a graphene oxide compound.9. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the inorganic filler to the PEBA is about 0.01 to about 0.4.10. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the PEBA has a weight ratio of poly(ethylene oxide) to polyamide that is about 1.5.11. The dehydration membrane of claim 8 , wherein the weight ratio of the graphene oxide compound to the PEBA is about 0.01.12. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the membrane has a nitrogen permeance that is less than 1.0×10L/(m·s·Pa) as determined by the Differential Pressure Method.13. The ...

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE GRAPHENE OXIDE ELEMENT

Described herein is a graphene material such as graphene oxide and polymer based selectively permeable element that provides selective permeability between polar and non-polar molecules such as fluid, gas or vapor. The methods for making these selectively permeable elements and related devices are also described. 1. A dehydration membrane comprising:a support;a composite comprising a graphene oxide compound and a polyvinyl alcohol;wherein the composite is coated on the support; andwherein the membrane has a high moisture permeability and low gas permeability.2. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the gas is non-polar.3. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the gas is inert.4. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the support is porous.5. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the support comprises polyamide claim 1 , polyvinylidene fluoride claim 1 , polyethylene terephthalate claim 1 , polysulfone claim 1 , polyether sulfone claim 1 , polypropylene claim 1 , polyethylene claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.6. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide compound and polyvinyl alcohol are crosslinked.7. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide compound is present at about 0.1% to about 10% by weight as compared to the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol.8. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide compound is graphene oxide claim 1 , reduced-graphene oxide claim 1 , functionalized graphene oxide claim 1 , or functionalized and reduced-graphene oxide.9. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide compound has a platelet-like particle having a size from about 0.05 μm to about 100 μm.10. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the composite further comprises lithium chloride.11. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the composite further comprises polyethylene glycol.12. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the composite is in the form of a film having a thickness of about 0.1 μm to about 50 μm.13. A method of dehydrating a first gas claim 1 , comprising applying a ...

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE GRAPHENE OXIDE MEMBRANE

Described herein are crosslinked graphene oxide and polycarboxylic acid based composite membranes that provide selective resistance for gases while providing water vapor permeability. Such composite membranes have a high water/air selectivity in permeability. The methods for making such membranes, and using the membranes for dehydrating or removing water vapor from gases are also described. 1. A dehydration membrane comprising:a porous support; anda composite coated on the porous support comprising a crosslinked graphene oxide compound,wherein the crosslinked graphene oxide compound is formed by reacting a mixture comprising a graphene oxide compound and a crosslinker comprising a polycarboxylic acid;wherein the graphene oxide compound is suspended within the crosslinker and the weight ratio of the graphene oxide compound to the crosslinker is at least 0.01.2. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the porous support is a non-woven fabric comprising polypropylene claim 1 , polyamide claim 1 , polyimide claim 1 , polyvinylidene fluoride claim 1 , polyethylene claim 1 , polyethylene terephthalate claim 1 , polysulfone claim 1 , polyether sulfone claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide compound comprises a graphene oxide claim 1 , reduced-graphene oxide claim 1 , functionalized graphene oxide claim 1 , functionalized and reduced-graphene oxide claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The dehydration membrane of claim 3 , wherein the graphene oxide compound comprises graphene oxide.5. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the polycarboxylic acid comprises poly(acrylic acid).6. The dehydration membrane of claim 1 , wherein the composite or mixture further comprises an additional crosslinker of polyvinyl alcohol claim 1 , a borate salt claim 1 , or a combination thereof.7. The dehydration membrane of claim 6 , wherein the polyvinyl alcohol is about 0 wt % to about 50 wt % of the composite.8. The ...

Selectively permeable graphene oxide element

Described herein is a composite comprising a graphene material and a sulfonated polymer material. The graphene/sulfonated polymer composite is coated onto a substrate to provide a selectively permeable membrane. The selectively permeable membranes of the present disclosure provide high moisture permeability and low gas permeability.

Graphene oxide anti-microbial element

Described herein is a graphene material and polymer-based anti-microbial element that provides anti-microbial capabilities. Described is an element that can also comprise a support. Also described is an element where the support can be the article to be protected from microbial buildup. Also described are methods for preventing microbial fouling by applying the aforementioned anti-microbial elements and related devices.

Selectively permeable graphene oxide membrane

Described herein is a graphene and polyvinyl alcohol based multilayer composite membrane that provides selective resistance for solutes to pass the membrane while providing water permeability. A selectively permeable membrane comprising a crosslinked graphene with a polyvinyl alcohol and silica-nanoparticle layer that can provide enhanced salt separation from water, methods for making such membranes, and methods of using the membranes for dehydrating or removing solutes from water are also described.

Chromophores for photochromic compositions useful for three dimensional display applications

Described herein are novel azo-benzene type chromophores. The chromophores are useful in photochromic compositions comprising a polymer matrix and a chromophore, wherein the chromophore is a novel azo-benzene type structure. The photochromic composition is photoresponsive upon irradiation by at least one wavelength of laser light across the visible light spectrum. Photochromic devices which comprise the novel azo-benzene type chromophore compound show significantly higher photoinduced birefringence, higher diffraction efficiency, and brighter images than devices that comprise well known azo-benzene chromophores. The photochromic composition may include a liquid crystal.

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE GRAPHENE OXIDE MEMBRANE

Described herein are crosslinked graphene oxide and polycaroxylic acid based composite membranes that provide selective resistance for solutes while providing water permeability. Such composite membranes have a high water flux. The methods for making such membranes, and using the membranes for dehydrating or removing solutes from water are also described. 1. A water permeable membrane comprising:a porous support; anda composite coated on the porous support, comprising a crosslinked graphene oxide compound, wherein the crosslinked graphene oxide compound is formed by reacting a mixture comprising a graphene oxide compound and a crosslinker comprising a polycarboxylic acid;wherein the graphene oxide compound is suspended within the crosslinker and the weight ratio of the graphene oxide compound to the crosslinker is at least 0.1; andwherein the membrane exhibits a water flux which is greater than about 5 GFD, as determined by measuring the water flux after flowing water through the membrane at a pressure of 50 psi for 120 minutes.2. The water permeable membrane of claim 1 , wherein the support is a non-woven fabric comprising polyamide claim 1 , polyimide claim 1 , polyvinylidene fluoride claim 1 , polyethylene claim 1 , polyethylene terephthalate claim 1 , polysulfone claim 1 , polyether sulfone claim 1 , stretched polypropylene claim 1 , polyethylene or a combination thereof.3. The water permeable membrane of claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide compound comprises a graphene oxide claim 1 , reduced-graphene oxide claim 1 , functionalized graphene oxide claim 1 , functionalized and reduced-graphene oxide claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The water permeable membrane of claim 3 , wherein the graphene oxide compound is graphene oxide.5. The water permeable membrane of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinker is a poly(acrylic acid).6. The water permeable membrane of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinker further comprises an additional crosslinker which comprises lignin claim ...

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE GRAPHENE OXIDE MEMBRANE

Described herein is a graphene and polyvinyl alcohol based multilayer composite membrane that provides selective resistance for solutes to pass through the membrane while providing water permeability. A selectively permeable membrane comprising a crosslinked graphene with a polyvinyl alcohol and an additive that can provide enhanced salt separation from water, methods for making such membranes, and methods of using the membranes for dehydrating or removing solutes from water are also described. 1. A water permeable membrane comprising:a porous support; and{'sub': '2', 'a composite coated on the support, wherein the composite is formed by reacting a mixture to form covalent bonds, wherein the mixture comprises: a graphene oxide compound, a polyvinyl alcohol, and an additive comprising CaCl, a borate salt, an optionally substituted terephthalic acid, or silica nanoparticles;'}wherein the membrane is water permeable and sufficiently strong to withstand a water pressure of 50 pounds per square inch while controlling water flow through the membrane.2. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the composite further contains water.3. The membrane of claim 1 , further comprising a first aqueous solution within the pores of the porous support and a second aqueous solution in contact with a surface of the composite opposite the porous support claim 1 , wherein the first aqueous solution and the second aqueous solution have different concentrations of a salt.4. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the graphene oxide compound is 2 to 8.5. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the polyvinyl alcohol is 60% to 85% of the weight of the composite.6. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide compound is graphene oxide.7. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide compound is about 10% to about 20% of the weight of the composite.8. (canceled)9. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the CaClis 0% to 1.5% of the weight of the composite.10. ...

Selectively permeable polymeric membrane

Described herein are crosslinked polymeric based composite membranes that provide selective resistance for gases while providing water vapor permeability. Such composite membranes have a high water/air selectivity in permeability. The methods for making such membranes and using the membranes for dehydrating or removing water vapor from gases are also described.

Photostable wavelength conversion composition

This invention relates to compositions used for forming a photostable wavelength conversion material comprising at least one chromophore, at least one optically transparent crosslinkable polymer, and at least one crosslinking reagent. In some embodiments the composition further comprises one or more of an adhesion promoter, a stabilizer, a crosslinker, and/or an antioxidant. The composition for forming a photostable wavelength conversion material can be formed into a film or layer. The film or layer is useful as an encapsulate for solar energy devices as it provides stable enhancement of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of these devices by converting photons from one wavelength into a different more desirable wavelength that can be more efficiently utilized by the solar energy device. Simultaneously, the film or layer, when used in an encapsulation structure, also provides stable long term environmental protection to the solar energy device from oxygen and water ingress as well as protection from harmful high energy ultraviolet photons. The film or layer is also useful as a greenhouse roofing material.

Graphene oxide anti-microbial element

Described herein is a crosslinked graphene material based element that provides anti-microbial capabilities. Described is an element that can also comprise a support. Also described is an element where the support can be the article to be protected microbes. Also described are methods for killing microbes or for preventing microbial fouling by applying the aforementioned anti-microbial elements and related devices.

Graphene oxide anti-microbial element

Described herein is a crosslinked graphene material based element that provides anti-microbial capabilities. Described is an element that can also comprise a support. Also described is an element where the support can be the article to be protected microbes. Also described are methods for killing microbes or for preventing microbial fouling by applying the aforementioned anti-microbial elements and related devices.

Selectively permeable graphene oxide element

Described herein is a composite comprising a graphene material and a sulfonated polymer material. The graphene/sulfonated polymer composite is coated onto a substrate to provide a selectively permeable membrane. The selectively permeable membranes of the present disclosure provide high moisture permeability and low gas permeability.

Selectively permeable graphene oxide membrane

Described herein is a crosslinked graphene and biopolymer (e.g. lignin) based composite membrane that provides selective resistance for solutes while providing water permeability. The membrane may include optional additional functional additives in a crosslinked material matrix that provides enhanced salt separation from water. Methods for making such membranes, and methods of using the membranes for dehydrating or removing solutes from water are also described.

Selectively permeable graphene oxide membrane for dehydration of a gas

Described herein is a graphene oxide and polymer based selectively permeable element that provides selective gas, and vapor resistance for dehumidification applications. The graphene oxide is cross- linked with polyvinyl alcohol, the polymer comprises an ammonium salt polymer such as poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride. Also described is a selectively permeable element where the graphene may be selected from reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, and is also functionalized or crosslinked. Also described is a selectively permeable element where there is crosslinking between the graphene and/or the polymers to provide enhanced gas resistance with water vapor permeability. A selectively permeable device is also described that incorporates the selectively permeable element and further comprises a substrate and a protective coating, encompassing the selectively permeable element. Also described are methods for making the aforementioned selectively permeable elements and related devices.

Selectively permeable graphene oxide membrane

Selectively permeable graphene oxide/ polyvinyl alcohol membrane for dehydration

Described herein is a selectively permeable membrane comprising a graphene oxide and a polyvinyl alcohol on a support that provides high moisture permeability and low gas permeability. The methods for making these selectively permeable membranes and related devices are also described.

Selectively permeable graphene oxide membrane

Described herein is a crosslinked graphene based composite membrane that provides selective resistance to fluids solutes while providing water permeability, such as a selectively permeable membrane comprising a crosslinked graphene with a polyvinyl alcohol and silica-nanoparticle layer that can provide enhanced water separation. Also described herein are methods for making such membranes and methods of using the membranes for dehydrating or removing solutes from water.

Selectively permeable graphene oxide membrane

Described herein is a crosslinked graphene and biopolymer (e.g. lignin) based composite membrane that provides selective resistance for gases while providing water vapor permeability. Methods for making such membranes, and methods of using the membranes for dehydrating mixtures, are also described.

Selectively permeable graphene oxide membrane

Described herein is a graphene and polyvinyl alcohol based multilayer composite membrane that provides selective resistance for solutes to pass through the membrane while providing water permeability. A selectively permeable membrane comprising a crosslinked graphene with a polyvinyl alcohol and an additive that can provide enhanced salt separation from water, methods for making such membranes, and methods of using the membranes for dehydrating or removing solutes from water are also described.

Selectively permeable graphene oxide membrane

Described herein is a graphene and polyvinyl alcohol based multilayer composite membrane that provides selective resistance for solutes to pass the membrane while providing water permeability. A selectively permeable membrane comprising a crossiinked graphene with a polyvinyl alcohol and silica-nanoparticle layer that can provide enhanced salt separation from water, methods for making such membranes, and methods of using the membranes for dehydrating or removing solutes from water are also described.

Mixed matrix membrane with graphene oxide and polyether amide polymer for dehydration of gas

Described herein are crosslinked graphene oxide based composite membranes that provide selective resistance for gases while providing water vapor permeability. Such composite membranes have a high water/air selectivity in permeability. The methods for making such membranes, and using the membranes for dehydrating or removing water vapor from gases are also described.

Selectively permeable graphene oxide membrane

Described herein is a graphene material based membrane that provides selective resistance for solutes or gas while providing water permeability. A selectively permeable membrane comprising graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and also functionalized or crosslinked between the graphene, that provides enhanced salt separation from water or gas permeability resistance, methods for making such membranes, and methods of using the membranes for dehydrating or removing solutes from water are also described.

Chromophores for photochromic compositions useful for three dimensional display applications

Described herein are novel azo-benzene type chromophores. The chromophores are useful in photochromic compositions comprising a polymer matrix and a chromophore, wherein the chromophore is a novel azo-benzene type structure. The photochromic composition is photoresponsive upon irradiation by at least one wavelength of laser light across the visible light spectrum. Photochromic devices which comprise the novel azo-benzene type chromophore compound show significantly higher photoinduced birefringence, higher diffraction efficiency, and brighter images than devices that comprise well known azo-benzene chromophores. The photochromic composition may include a liquid crystal.

Graphene oxide anti-microbial element

Described herein is a graphene material and polymer-based anti-microbial element that provides anti-microbial capabilities. Described is an element that can also comprise a support. Also described is an element where the support can be the article to be protected from microbial buildup. Also described are methods for preventing microbial fouling by applying the aforementioned anti-microbial elements and related devices.

Chromophores for photochromic compositions useful for three dimensional display applications

Described herein are novel azo-benzene type chromophores. The chromophores are useful in photochromic compositions comprising a polymer matrix and a chromophore, wherein the chromophore is a novel azo-benzene type structure. The photochromic composition is photoresponsive upon irradiation by at least one wavelength of laser light across the visible light spectrum. Photochromic devices which comprise the novel azo-benzene type chromophore compound show significantly higher photoinduced birefringence, higher diffraction efficiency, and brighter images than devices that comprise well known azo-benzene chromophores. The photochromic composition may include a liquid crystal.

Selectively permeable graphene oxide membrane

Boron-containing cyclic emissive compounds and color conversion film containing the same

The present disclosure relates to novel photoluminescent complex comprising a BODIPY moiety covalently bonded to a blue light absorbing xanthenoisoquinoline derivative, and a color conversion film, a back-light unit using the same.

Selectively permeable graphene oxide membrane

Described herein are crosslinked graphene oxide and polycarboxylic acid based composite membranes that provide selective resistance for gases while providing water vapor permeability. Such composite membranes have a high water/air selectivity in permeability. The methods for making such membranes, and using the membranes for dehydrating or removing water vapor from gases are also described.

Perylene-bodipy triad compounds for use in horticulture

The present disclosure relates to novel photoluminescent complexes comprising a BODIPY moiety covalently bonded to at least two blue light absorbing perylene derivatives. A color conversion film comprising the photoluminescent complex, a back-light unit using the same, a method for making the same, and horticulture applications using the same, are also described.

Selectively permeable graphene oxide membrane

Described herein is a graphene material based membrane that provides selective resistance for solutes or gas while providing water permeability. A selectively permeable membrane comprising graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and also functionalized or crosslinked between the graphene, that provides enhanced salt separation from water or gas permeability resistance, methods for making such membranes, and methods of using the membranes for dehydrating or removing solutes from water are also described.

Selectively permeable polymeric membrane

Described herein are polymeric based composite membranes that provide selective resistance for gases while providing water vapor permeability. Such composite membranes have a high water/air selectivity in permeability. The methods for making such membranes and using the membranes for dehydrating or removing water vapor from gases are also described.

Graphene oxide membrane protective coating

Described herein are protective coatings for reverse osmosis membranes comprising coating mixtures of graphene oxide crosslinked with copolymers. The crosslinked GO copolymer mixture coatings provide protection from chlorine-based defoulers of saline water and unprocessed fluids. The coated membranes described herein create a reverse osmosis structure that has excellent water flux and salt rejection. The crosslinking copolymers can comprise an optionally substituted vinyl imidazole constituent unit and an optionally substituted acrylic amide constituent unit.