Context Transfers and Multi-Band Operation for Wireless Networks

Various example embodiments are disclosed relating wireless networks and relating to context transfers and multi-band operation in wireless networks. In an example embodiment, a multi-band scheduler may be provided for use in a wireless node. The multi-band scheduler may be configured to: receive one or more data units of a flow; assign each received data unit of the flow to a first frequency band of a plurality of frequency bands; determine a band transfer condition for the flow; and perform a context transfer from the first frequency band to a second frequency band for the flow based on the determined band transfer condition.

Delay constrained use of automatic repeat request for multi-hop communication systems

Minimization of delay due to automatic repeat requests in a multi-hop communication system can be accomplished to optimize the performance of delay-constrained applications such as voice over internet protocol (VoIP). The protocol described with relation to such embodiments can reduce the possible retransmissions to the first hop (the hop connecting a mobile node to a relay node). Thus, certain embodiments of the present invention can protect the most error-prone link while reducing the overall delay experienced by the user.

Frequency band selection

There is provided a method including obtaining, by a database entity, a-priori channel occupancy rate information of at least one channel from at least one of an entity of a primary system and an entity of a secondary system, wherein a database of the database entity includes information on white space channels, and availing the channel occupancy rate information to the secondary users in order to assist the secondary user to select a channel from the database.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING COOPERATIVE SPECTRUM USAGE AMONG MULTIPLE RADIO NETWORKS

An approach is provided for cooperatively sharing spectrum. A threshold value associated with an acceptable level of interference to a first radio network is determined. A beacon message specifying the threshold value is generated for transmission from the first radio network to one or more nodes of a second radio network that is configured to exchange traffic for mobile services. The first radio network and the second radio network share spectral resources including adjacent bands for the respective radio networks, and the beacon message is used for controlling the level of interference to the first radio network caused by the one or more nodes of the second radio network.

Control signaling techniques for wireless networks

Various example embodiments are disclosed relating to wireless networks, such as relay networks or multi-hop networks, and also relating to control signaling techniques for wireless networks. In an example embodiment, a method or technique may include transmitting (e.g., data or control) frames in a downlink direction and control frames in an uplink direction during a first phase, and transmitting (e.g., data or control) frames in an uplink direction and control frames in a downlink direction during a second phase.

REGISTRATION OF WIRELESS NODE

Various example embodiments are disclosed. According to one example, a method may include sending, by a wireless node, a registration request message, the registration request message including location-related information for the wireless node and a transmission power of the wireless node. The method may further include receiving a neighbor list message, the neighbor list message including a list of registered neighboring wireless nodes, the list indicating a spectral allocation for each registered neighboring wireless node.

Apparatus and method for selection of a gateway of a local area network

A provided apparatus is caused to direct establishment of a connection of the apparatus with a core network via a wide area radio access network (RAN), where the core network is coupled to an external network. The apparatus is also caused to select or receive selection of a local area network that is coupled to the same or different external network via one or more local gateways (L-GWs). The apparatus is caused to request selection of a L-GW of the one or more L-GWs from the core network via the wide area RAN, and in response, receive an identity of a selected L-GW. Further, the apparatus is caused to direct contact with the selected L-GW based on the identity, and establishment of a connection of the apparatus with the selected L-GW. The apparatus may thereby be connected to the external network via the local area network and selected L-GW.

DATA FORWARDING TECHNIQUES FOR WIRELESS RELAY NETWORKS

Various example embodiments are disclosed relating to wireless networks, such as relay networks or multi-hop networks. According to an example embodiment, a wireless network may be provided that may include one or more relay nodes operating in a decode-and-forward (DF) mode, and one or more relay nodes operating in an amplify-and-forward (AF) mode. According to an example embodiment, a block of data may be received at a relay node via a first carrier frequency from a first wireless node. For example, the first wireless node may be operating in a DF mode. The block of data may be forwarded from the relay node to a second wireless node via a second carrier frequency using an amplify-and-forward (AF) mode.

Apparatus and method for providing access to a local area network

An apparatus, system and method for providing access to a local area network for a mobile station operable in a wide area network such as a Global System for Mobile Communications ("GSM") network. In one embodiment, the apparatus (820) for use with a mobile station includes a resource allocator (831) configured to generate a message for the GSM network requesting at least one characteristic of a local area network. The apparatus (820) also includes an accumulator (832) configured to receive the at least one characteristic of the local area network to enable the mobile station to access the local area network.

Distributed capacity based channel assignment for communcation systems

Apparatuses and methods for providing distributed capacity based channel assignment in a radio frequency base station servicing a local area. A method can include determining that an additional channel is needed, receiving reports from user equipment connected to the base station over the air interface indicating the gain in capacity due to the added channel, adding the new channel, receiving loss reports from one or more neighboring base stations indicating the loss in capacity and the interference caused to user equipments serviced by the neighboring base stations due to the use of the new channel. The method can also include comparing the gain in capacity to the loss of capacity by the worst user connected to the neighboring base stations due to the added channel and determining whether to continue to add the channel to increase capacity.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SELECTION OF A GATEWAY OF A LOCAL AREA NETWORK

A provided apparatus is caused to direct establishment of a connection of the apparatus with a core network via a wide area radio access network (RAN), where the core network is coupled to an external network. The apparatus is also caused to select or receive selection of a local area network that is coupled to the same or different external network via one or more local gateways (L-GWs). The apparatus is caused to request selection of a L-GW of the one or more L-GWs from the core network via the wide area RAN, and in response, receive an identity of a selected L-GW. Further, the apparatus is caused to direct contact with the selected L-GW based on the identity, and establishment of a connection of the apparatus with the selected L-GW. The apparatus may thereby be connected to the external network via the local area network and selected L-GW. 139-. (canceled)40. An apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory including computer program code,the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least:direct establishment of a connection of the apparatus with a core network via a wide area radio access network, the core network being coupled to a first external network;select or receive selection of a local area network that is distinct from the wide area radio access network, and that is coupled to a second external network via one or more local gateways, the second external network being the same as or different from the first external network;receive an identity of a selected local gateway from the core network; anddirect contact with the selected local gateway based on the identity, and establishment of a connection of the apparatus with the selected local gateway, the apparatus thereby being connected to the second external network via the local area network and selected local gateway.41. The apparatus of claim 40 , wherein being configured to cause the apparatus to ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CHANNEL ACCESS FOR LONG TERM EVOLUTION NODES IN UNLICENSED BAND

One embodiment is directed to a method comprising sensing, by an apparatus, a shared channel; determining whether the shared channel is free; determining whether a synchronization signal has been received; and based on that the shared channel is determined free and the synchronization signal is determined received, beginning to access the shared channel. 1. A method , comprising:sensing, by an apparatus, a shared channel;determining whether the shared channel is free;determining whether a synchronization signal has been received; andbased on that the shared channel is determined free and the synchronization signal is determined received, beginning to access the shared channel.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:selecting a number of slots for a backoff time period; andinitializing a slot counter.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein a number of slots for the backoff time period is selected when the shared channel has been determined not free.4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:when the shared channel is determined not free, repeating the steps of sensing the shared channel, determining whether the shared channel is free, and determining whether the synchronization signal has been received.5. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:when the shared channel is determined free and the synchronization signal is determined not received, decrementing the slot counter; andif the slot counter is not equal to zero, repeating the steps of sensing the shared channel, determining whether the shared channel is free, and determining whether the synchronization signal has been received; andif the slot counter is equal to zero, transmitting a synchronization signal.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein beginning to access the share channel is after a predefined period from the determination that the synchronization signal has been received.7. An apparatus claim 1 , comprising:at least one processor;and at least one memory including computer program code,wherein the ...

Relay

A relay for use in a communications network, said relay comprising a receiver for receiving signals from a plurality of first nodes; a transmitter for transmitting a transmission signal derived from said received signal to at least one of a plurality of second nodes, said transmitter having a coverage area; control means for controlling the transmitter, whereby said transmission signal is transmitted by said transmitter to at least one of said second nodes over only a part of said coverage area.

Context transfers and multi-band operation for wireless networks

Various example embodiments are disclosed relating wireless networks and relating to context transfers and multi-band operation in wireless networks. In an example embodiment, a multi-band scheduler may be provided for use in a wireless node. The multi-band scheduler may be configured to: receive one or more data units of a flow; assign each received data unit of the flow to a first frequency band of a plurality of frequency bands; determine a band transfer condition for the flow; and perform a context transfer from the first frequency band to a second frequency band for the flow based on the determined band transfer condition.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING INTERFERENCE MEASUREMENTS FOR DEVICE-TO-DEVICE COMMUNICATION

An approach for providing interference measurements for device-to-device communication is disclosed. A logic generates a control signal to instruct a plurality of stations to perform measurement relating to interference or path loss by the stations. The logic then receives measurement information from the stations and determines, based on the measurement information, whether resources are to be scheduled to provide direct communication between two of the stations.

Small Cell Mobility Enhancement

There is provided a method, an apparatus and a computer program product, wherein the method comprises applying at least one procedure for inter-frequency measurements of at least one carrier, wherein a first procedure is applied when a carrier having at least one cell deployed for providing non-continuous coverage radio access is to be measured and a second procedure is applied when a carrier having at least one cell deployed for providing continuous coverage radio access is to be measured, and performing the inter-frequency measurements according to the applied procedure, when the procedure for the inter-frequency measurements is on.

Apparatus and method for selection of a gateway of a local area network

A provided apparatus is caused to direct establishment of a connection of the apparatus with a core network via a wide area radio access network (RAN), where the core network is coupled to an external network. The apparatus is also caused to select or receive selection of a local area network that is coupled to the same or different external network via one or more local gateways (L-GWs). The apparatus is caused to request selection of a L-GW of the one or more L-GWs from the core network via the wide area RAN, and in response, receive an identity of a selected L-GW. Further, the apparatus is caused to direct contact with the selected L-GW based on the identity, and establishment of a connection of the apparatus with the selected L-GW. The apparatus may thereby be connected to the external network via the local area network and selected L-GW.

Frequency Band Selection

There is provided a method including obtaining, by a database entity, a-priori channel occupancy rate information of at least one channel from at least one of an entity of a primary system and an entity of a secondary system, wherein a database of the database entity includes information on white space channels, and availing the channel occupancy rate information to the secondary users in order to assist the secondary user to select a channel from the database. 119-. (canceled)20. A method , comprising:obtaining, by a database entity, a-priori channel occupancy rate information of at least one channel from at least one of an entity of a primary system and an entity of a secondary system, wherein a database of the database entity comprises information on white space channels; andavailing the channel occupancy rate information to the secondary users in order to assist the secondary user to select a channel from the database.21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the channel occupancy rate information comprises an average channel occupancy rate indicating the likelihood of the channel being occupied by at least one of the primary system and the secondary system at a given time instant.22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the channel occupancy rate information comprises a neighbor channel availability rate indicating the likelihood of at least one adjacent channel claim 20 , in addition to the channel of interest claim 20 , being occupied by at least one of the primary system and the secondary system at a given time instant.23. A method claim 20 , comprising:obtaining, by a secondary user, a-priori channel occupancy rate information of at least one channel with respect to at least one of at least one primary user and at least one secondary user from a database, wherein the database comprises information on white space channels; andselecting an available channel from the database based at least partly on the obtained channel occupancy rate information.24. The method of ...

Control signaling techniques for wireless networks

Various example embodiments are disclosed relating to wireless networks, such as relay networks or multi-hop networks, and also relating to control signaling techniques for wireless networks. In an example embodiment, a method or technique may include transmitting (e.g., data or control) frames in a downlink direction and control frames in an uplink direction during a first phase, and transmitting (e.g., data or control) frames in an uplink direction and control frames in a downlink direction during a second phase.

System and methods for direction finding using a handheld device

A system for indicating the relative direction of a target object or location as determined from the current position of a wireless communication device. The system employs Direction of Arrival determination using an antenna array for indicating the direction of a target device and includes facilities to activate a location-indicating transmission in a target device, the ability to request that a location-indicating transmission be activated in a remote target device, relevant information reception from a target device and the display of all potential target devices within effective transmission range of the wireless communication device.

Encapsulation of Higher-Layer Control Messages for Local Area Network Support into a Wide Area Network Protocol

Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for integration of a wireless local area network and a wide area cellular network. In one aspect there is provided a method. The method may include the support node receiving, from a first node, a message including a request for information representative of a configuration of a wireless local area network accessible by the first node. The method may also include providing, in response to the received message, the information representative of the configuration of the wireless local area network. Related apparatus, systems, methods, and articles are also described. 120.-. (canceled)21. A method comprising:generating, at a protocol engine at a first node configured to operate in a wireless local area network, a message including a request for information representative of a configuration of the wireless local area network; andtransmitting the message to a second node, wherein said second node is configured to operate in a cellular network.22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the transmitting further comprises:transmitting the message via a control plane between the first node and the second node, the message encapsulated for transport via the control plane.23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the transmitting further comprises:transmitting the message via a user plane between the first node and the second node.24. The method of claim 21 , further comprising:receiving, from the second node in response to the transmitted message, the information representative of the configuration of the wireless local area network.25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the received information further comprises at least one of: a frequency band being used by a local access point accessible by the first node claim 24 , a carrier frequency claim 24 , a configuration of a local area network accessible by the first node claim 24 , a frame timing of the local access point claim 24 , an operational state of the local ...

Small cell mobility enhancement

There is provided a method, an apparatus and a computer program product, wherein the method comprises applying at least one procedure for inter-frequency measurements of at least one carrier, wherein a first procedure is applied when a carrier having at least one cell deployed for providing non-continuous coverage radio access is to be measured and a second procedure is applied when a carrier having at least one cell deployed for providing continuous coverage radio access is to be measured, and performing the inter-frequency measurements according to the applied procedure, when the procedure for the inter-frequency measurements is on.

CONTROL SIGNALING TECHNIQUES FOR WIRELESS NETWORKS

Various example embodiments are disclosed relating to wireless networks, such as relay networks or multi-hop networks, and also relating to control signaling techniques for wireless networks. In an example embodiment, a method or technique may include transmitting (e.g., data or control) frames in a downlink direction and control frames in an uplink direction during a first phase, and transmitting (e.g., data or control) frames in an uplink direction and control frames in a downlink direction during a second phase.

METHOD, APPARATUS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR POWER SAVING ENHANCEMENTS IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Method, apparatus, and computer program product embodiments enable power saving in network environments. An example embodiment comprises: transmitting by a first wireless device to a second wireless device, a first message indicating an awake state with availability to receive wireless messages from the second wireless device, the first message including a threshold value for acceptance by the first device of buffered data in the second device; and receiving by the first wireless device, an immediate acknowledgement message from the second wireless device, if the buffered data in the second device satisfies the threshold value or receiving by the first wireless device, a delayed acknowledgement message from the second wireless device, if the buffered data in the second device does not satisfy the threshold value. 1. A method , comprising:transmitting by a first device to a second device, a first message indicating an awake state with availability to receive wireless messages from the second device, the first message including a threshold value for acceptance by the first device of buffered data in the second device; andreceiving by the first device, an immediate acknowledgement message from the second device, if the buffered data in the second device satisfies the threshold value, or receiving by the first device, a delayed acknowledgement message from the second device, if the buffered data in the second device does not satisfy the threshold value.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:entering a sleep state by the first device when an immediate acknowledgement message is not received from the second device in response to the first message; andwaiting for a predetermined duration before resuming an awake state to receive the delayed acknowledgement message from the second device.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:receiving by the first device, a priority frame message from the second device, including a priority indication for the first device, ...

Encapsulation of higher-layer control messages for local area network support into a wide area network protocol

Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for integration of a wireless local area network and a wide area cellular network. In one aspect there is provided a method. The method may include the support node receiving, from a first node, a message including a request for information representative of a configuration of a wireless local area network accessible by the first node. The method may also include providing, in response to the received message, the information representative of the configuration of the wireless local area network. Related apparatus, systems, methods, and articles are also described.

System and methods for direction finding using a handheld device

A system for indicating the relative direction of a target object or location as determined from the current position of a wireless communication device. The system employs Direction of Arrival determination using an antenna array for indicating the direction of a target device and includes facilities to activate a location-indicating transmission in a target device, the ability to request that a location-indicating transmission be activated in a remote target device, relevant information reception from a target device and the display of all potential target devices within effective transmission range of the wireless communication device.

System and methods for direction finding using a handheld device

A system for indicating the relative direction of a target object or location as determined from the current position of a wireless communication device. The system employs Direction of Arrival determination using an antenna array for indicating the direction of a target device and includes facilities to activate a location-indicating transmission in a target device, the ability to request that a location-indicating transmission be activated in a remote target device, relevant information reception from a target device and the display of all potential target devices within effective transmission range of the wireless communication device.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING ACCESS TO A LOCAL AREA NETWORK

An apparatus, system and method for providing access to a local area network for a mobile station operable in a wide area network such as a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network. In one embodiment, the apparatus (820) for use with a mobile station includes a resource allocator (831) configured to generate a message for the GSM network requesting at least one characteristic of a local area network. The apparatus (820) also includes an accumulator (832) configured to receive the at least one characteristic of the local area network to enable the mobile station to access the local area network.

Channel Access Avoiding Windows Having Restricted Access

A method including determining if a period between two beacons is to have at least one Periodic Restricted Access Window (PRAW), where at least one of the beacons is a Short Beacon (SB); and based upon the determining if the period has at least one Periodic Restricted Access Window (PRAW), providing in a RAW Parameter Set (RPS) an indication regarding the at least one Periodic Restricted Access Window (PRAW). 1. A method comprising:determining if a period between two beacons is to comprise at least one Periodic Restricted Access Window (PRAW), where at least one of the beacons comprises a Short Beacon (SB); andbased upon the determining if the period comprises the at least one Periodic Restricted Access Window (PRAW), providing in a RAW Parameter Set (RPS) an indication regarding the at least one Periodic Restricted Access Window (PRAW).2. A method as in where the RAW Parameter Set (RPS) comprises an indication field following a RAW Assignment field in the RAW Parameter Set (RPS) claim 1 , where the indication is in regard to the at least one Periodic Restricted Access Window (PRAW) relative to a respective Non-Periodic Restricted Access Window (NRAW) for that RAW Assignment field.3. A method as in where the RAW Parameter Set (RPS) comprises a plurality of the indication field claim 2 , where each of the indication fields is associated with a separate RAW Assignment field in the RAW Parameter Set (RPS).4. A method as in where the indication comprises a first bit which indicates if the at least one Periodic Restricted Access Window (PRAW) is to occur substantially adjacent to a respective Non-Periodic Restricted Access Window (NRAW) in the period.5. A method as in where the indication comprises a second bit which indicates if the Periodic Restricted Access Window (PRAW) is before the Non-Periodic Restricted Access Window (NRAW) or after the Non-Periodic Restricted Access Window (NRAW).6. A method as in further comprising a node using two of the indications in the RAW ...

Method and apparatus for reducing the guard band between wireless communication systems operating in the same geographical area

Operators of wireless communication systems operating in the same geographic area are able to build networks on neighboring/adjacent bands, even if one of the systems is using a TDD mode and the other systems is using a FDD mode without using excessive large guard bands. A beaconing mechanism with signaling is used to impose an exclusion zone and power restriction, antenna direction, and other operational parameters. A newcomer operator is able to get an accurate knowledge of the interference to and from the sites of the AP of the existing operator so that the newcomer can deploy his APs without causing interference to the existing APs.

Apparatus and Method for Radio Systems Co-Existence on Secondary Carriers

A mechanism for radio systems co-existence on secondary carriers may be of particular value to radio systems that that operating on the same bands as Wi-Fi™ (2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or the like) or the bands of similar radio systems. A method providing such a mechanism may include operating Provide Wireless a first network node of a first radio network on a primary channel. The method may also include identifying a secondary channel for expanded operation of the first network node. The method may further include providing a second network node with an opportunity to capture the secondary channel. 178-. (canceled)79. A method , comprising:operating a first network node of a first radio network on a primary channel;identifying a secondary channel for expanded operation of the network node; andproviding a second network node of a second radio network with an opportunity to capture the secondary channel.80. The method of claim 79 , wherein the providing the second network node with the opportunity to capture the secondary channel comprises at least one of: using carrier sensing on the secondary channel claim 79 , comprises providing an idle period to allow operation of the second network node.81. The method of claim 80 , further comprising:determining, by the first network node or by another node in the first radio network, that there is no transmission on the secondary channel during the carrier sensing or the idle period82. The method of claim 81 , wherein claim 81 , if there is no transmission on the secondary channel during the carrier sensing or the idle period claim 81 , starting claim 81 , by the first network node claim 81 , use of the secondary channel in downlink or schedule users on the secondary channel in uplink83. The method of claim 80 , wherein if the media was sensed as busy during the carrier sensing or the idle period claim 80 , the first network node refrains from using the channel for a predetermined period of time.84. The method of claim 83 , wherein after ...

Method and apparatus for reducing the guard band between wireless communication systems operating in the same geographical area

Operators of wireless communication systems operating in the same geographic area are able to build networks on neighboring/adjacent bands, even if one of the systems is using a TDD mode and the other systems is using a FDD mode without using excessive large guard bands. A beaconing mechanism with signaling is used to impose an exclusion zone and power restriction, antenna direction, and other operational parameters. A newcomer operator is able to get an accurate knowledge of the interference to and from the sites of the AP of the existing operator so that the newcomer can deploy his APs without causing interference to the existing APs.

Mobile terminal to media server connection apparatus, system, and method

An apparatus, system, and method for a communication network that includes base stations, mobile terminals, and media servers. A base station may receive enable a device-to-device connection between a media server and a mobile terminal. The mobile terminal and the media server may establish the enabled device-to-device connection to create an underlay network within the cellular network, the underlay network including the mobile terminal, the media server, and the device-to-device connection. In some embodiments, the mobile terminal and the media server each include a device-to-device radio that is used to establish and maintain the device-to-device connection.

DISTRIBUTED CAPACITY BASED CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT FOR COMMUNCATION SYSTEMS

Apparatuses and methods for providing distributed capacity based channel assignment in a radio frequency base station servicing a local area. A method can include determining that an additional channel is needed, receiving reports from user equipment connected to the base station over the air interface indicating the gain in capacity due to the added channel, adding the new channel, receiving loss reports from one or more neighboring base stations indicating the loss in capacity and the interference caused to user equipments serviced by the neighboring base stations due to the use of the new channel. The method can also include comparing the gain in capacity to the loss of capacity by the worst user connected to the neighboring base stations due to the added channel and determining whether to continue to add the channel to increase capacity. 1. A method , comprising:determining in a network device servicing a local area that an additional channel is needed;receiving a report from a user equipment connected to the network device over an air interface indicating a gain in capacity that would occur due to the additional channel;adding a new channel;receiving a loss report from one or more neighboring network devices indicating a loss in capacity of, or interference caused to at least one user equipment serviced by, the neighboring network devices;comparing the gain in capacity to the loss in capacity of, or interference caused to, the at least one user equipment; anddetermining whether, based on the comparison, to continue to add the new channel to increase capacity.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining is performed in at least one of an access point claim 1 , a base station claim 1 , a user equipment acting as a base station claim 1 , or an adhoc network master node.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the receiving the report comprises receiving a recent measurement report from the user equipment.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the receiving the report ...

SPECTRUM SHARING

Disclosed herein are various example methods and apparatuses. According to one example, a method may include determining, by a first wireless node in a first wireless network, that spectral resource needs for the first wireless network exceed spectral resources currently available for the first wireless network. The method may further include sending, to a second wireless node in a second wireless network, a request to borrow one or more of the one or more resource units, the request being based on the determining.

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR DEVICE INFORMATION SHARING

Systems and techniques for sharing data collected by sensing devices are described. At initial setup of a sensing device, authorizations for access to data collected by the device are defined. Data collected by the device is delivered to a central repository, which allows access to data by users based on authorization information associated with the users.

Communication Efficiency

There is provided a method, including receiving, by a receive node, a transmission request message for data transmission from a transmit node of a first basic service set, wherein the transmission request message includes an indication of a modulation and coding scheme to-be-used in the data transmission; detecting signal strength of the transmission request message; determining, based on the signal strength and the indicated modulation and coding scheme, a maximum tolerable interference level during the data transmission; and in response to the transmission request message, generating and sending, to the transmit node, a transmission permission message including an indication of the maximum tolerable interference level. 1. Method , comprising:receiving, by a receive node, a transmission request message for data transmission from a transmit node of a first basic service set, wherein the transmission request message comprises an indication of a modulation and coding scheme to-be-used in the data transmission;detecting signal strength of the transmission request message;determining, based on the signal strength and the indicated modulation and coding scheme, a maximum tolerable interference level during the data transmission; andin response to the transmission request message, generating and sending, to the transmit node, a transmission permission message comprising an indication of the maximum tolerable interference level.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modulation and coding scheme to-be-used in the data transmission is different than the modulation and coding scheme used in the transmission request message.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: including an indication of a transmit power of the receive node in the transmission permission message.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:determining which overlapping basic service set is allowed to reuse the same channel as the transmit node during the data transmission; andincluding, to the ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SELECTION OF A GATEWAY OF A LOCAL AREA NETWORK

A provided apparatus is caused to direct establishment of a connection of the apparatus with a core network via a wide area radio access network (RAN), where the core network is coupled to an external network. The apparatus is also caused to select or receive selection of a local area network that is coupled to the same or different external network via one or more local gateways (L-GWs). The apparatus is caused to request selection of a L-GW of the one or more L-GWs from the core network via the wide area RAN, and in response, receive an identity of a selected L-GW. Further, the apparatus is caused to direct contact with the selected L-GW based on the identity, and establishment of a connection of the apparatus with the selected L-GW. The apparatus may thereby be connected to the external network via the local area network and selected L-GW.

Method, Apparatus and Computer Program Product for Image Processing

In an example embodiment, a method, apparatus and computer program product are provided. The method includes facilitating receipt of an image, and partitioning the image into a plurality of sub-images. The method further includes super-pixels in the plurality of sub-images, wherein determining the super-pixels includes determining a plurality of super-pixels in each sub-image of the plurality of sub-images. An image graph including a plurality of connections between the super-pixels is determined, wherein a connection of the plurality of connections is determined between a first super-pixel and a second super-pixel. The first super-pixel belongs to a sub-image and the second super-pixel belongs to the sub-image or a neighboring sub-image of the sub-image located in an immediate vicinity of the sub-image in the image. 149-. (canceled)50. A method comprising:facilitating receipt of an image of a scene;partitioning the image into a plurality of sub-images;determining super-pixels in the plurality of sub-images, wherein determining the super-pixels comprises determining a plurality of super-pixels in each sub-image of the plurality of sub-images; anddetermining an image graph comprising a plurality of connections between the super-pixels, wherein a connection of the plurality of connections is determined between a first super-pixel and a second super-pixel, the first super-pixel belonging to a sub-image and the second super-pixel belonging to the sub-image or a neighboring sub-image of the sub-image, the neighboring sub-image being located in an immediate vicinity of the sub-image in the image.51. The method as claimed in claim 50 , wherein defining the plurality of super-pixels in the sub-image comprises assigning corresponding super-pixel labels to a plurality of pixels associated with the sub-image.52. The method as claimed in claim 51 , wherein assigning the corresponding super-pixel labels to the plurality of pixels of the sub-image comprises:performing an initial ...

Methods, apparatuses and computer program products for providing coordination of device to device communication

An apparatus for providing coordination of device to device communication may include a processor. The processor is configured to communicate a request for a resource allocation to a network communication node (300). The resource allocation is related to resources usable for device to device communication between a first terminal communicating the request and a second terminal. The processor is further configured to receive a resource allocation including an amount and duration of resources to be used for the device to device communication in response to the request (310), and utilize the resource allocation for device to device communication with the second terminal (320).

Method and apparatus for providing cooperative spectrum usage among multiple radio networks

An approach is provided for cooperatively sharing spectrum. A threshold value associated with an acceptable level of interference to a first radio network is determined. A beacon message specifying the threshold value is generated for transmission from the first radio network to one or more nodes of a second radio network that is configured to exchange traffic for mobile services. The first radio network and the second radio network share spectral resources including adjacent bands for the respective radio networks, and the beacon message is used for controlling the level of interference to the first radio network caused by the one or more nodes of the second radio network.

Inter-cell Interference Coordination of Multiple Transmission Ranks

Inter-cell interference coordination of multiple transmission ranks can be accomplished by various methods and apparatuses. For example, a method can include defining indexing of resources for which a base station will restrict a maximum rank for transmission. The method can also include informing a neighboring base station of the first base station about the resources for which the base station will restrict the maximum rank of transmission.

Apparatus, system, and method for obtaining local connectivity settings

An apparatus, system, and method for a communication network that includes a mobile device, a target device, and a connection settings server. The mobile device is configured to transmit a request for device-to-device connection settings data to the connection settings server, the connection settings server is configured to receive the request, determine appropriate device-to-device connection settings data, and transmit the appropriate device-to-device connection settings data to the mobile device, the mobile device is further configured to receive the appropriate device-to-device connection settings data and establish a device-to-device connection with the target device, wherein the establishing of the device-to-device connection is facilitated by the device-to-device connection settings data.

Method and apparatus for protecting radars from interference

A method and apparatus may be configured to determine a plurality of rings. The plurality of rings surround a radar, and the plurality of rings encompass a plurality of networks surrounding the radar. The method also includes determining transmission powers corresponding to the plurality of rings. Each ring is associated with a determined transmission power. The method also includes instructing each network of the plurality of networks to perform transmissions in accordance with the determined transmission powers. Each network is instructed to use the determined transmission power that corresponds to the ring which encompasses that network.

Method, Apparatus, Computer Program and a Computer Readable Storage Medium

A method including calculating a parameter for controlling a main lobe of a radiation pattern of an antenna array, the calculation using a direction of a location relative to the antenna array, the direction determined from information including a position of the location; determining a parameter for controlling the main lobe of the radiation pattern of the antenna array from a signal received at the antenna array from the location; and determining an offset using the parameter calculated from the determined direction and the parameter determined from the received signal. 153-. (canceled)54. A method comprising:calculating a parameter for controlling a main lobe of a radiation pattern of an antenna array, the calculation using a direction of a location relative to the antenna array, the direction determined from information including a position of the location;determining a parameter for controlling the main lobe of the radiation pattern of the antenna array from a signal received at the antenna array from the location; anddetermining an offset using the parameter calculated from the determined direction and the parameter determined from the received signal.55. A method as claimed in claim 54 , further comprising determining the direction of the location relative to the antenna array claim 54 , using the information including the position of the location.56. A method as claimed in claim 54 , further comprising calibrating an apparatus using the determined offset.57. A method as claimed in claim 54 , further comprising calibrating a receiver using the determined offset.58. A method as claimed in claim 54 , further comprising directing the main lobe of the radiation pattern in a plurality of directions during transmission of a signal to a further apparatus.59. A method as claimed in claim 58 , wherein the received signal includes information indicating received signal strength at the further apparatus for substantially each of the plurality of directions and wherein ...

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR WIRELESS NETWORKS

Various embodiments are described relating to resource management techniques for wireless networks. For example, a resource deficiency may be determined for a requesting wireless node in a wireless network. A resource request may be sent from the requesting node to one or more other wireless nodes, and a resource reply including a resource status may be received from one or more of the other wireless nodes in response to the resource request. One of the other nodes from which to obtain a resource may be selected based on the resource status for the selected node, and a resource update message may be sent from the requesting wireless node to the selected wireless node to facilitate a reallocation of resources from the selected node to the requesting node, the resource update message indicating an amount of resources to be reallocated from the selected node to the requesting node.

Apparatus and Method for Providing Access to a Local Area Network

An apparatus, system and method for providing access to a local area network for user equipment operable in a wide area network such as a long term evolution cellular network. In one embodiment, the apparatus () for use with a user equipment includes a resource allocator () configured to generate a message for the long term evolution cellular network requesting at least one characteristic of a local area network. The apparatus () also includes an accumulator () configured to receive the at least one characteristic of the local area network to enable the user equipment to access the local area network. 140-. (canceled)41. An apparatus , comprising:a resource allocator configured to generate a message for a long term evolution cellular network requesting at least one characteristic of a local area network; andan accumulator configured to receive said at least one characteristic of said local area network to enable a user equipment to access said local area network.42. The apparatus as recited in further comprising a resource manager configured to change a characteristic of said local area network.43. The apparatus as recited in wherein said message for said long term evolution cellular network is one of a control plane message encapsulated in a non-access stratum message and a user plane message as a function of a state of said user equipment.44. The apparatus as recited in wherein said message for said long-term evolution cellular network includes a location of said user equipment.45. The apparatus as recited as recited in wherein said message for said long term evolution cellular network is a short message system message.46. The apparatus as recited in wherein said long term evolution cellular network is configured to receive said at least one characteristic over a non-wireless communication path from said local area network.47. The apparatus as recited in wherein said at least one characteristic is selected from the group consisting of:an operating frequency of ...

Method and Apparatus for Assisted Network Discovery

In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a user equipment configured to receive local network connectivity information over a first wireless interface, determine a scanning strategy based at least in part on the received information, and discover a local network over a second wireless interface using at least in part the determined scanning strategy.

Apparatus and method for channel access for long term evolution nodes in unlicensed band

One embodiment is directed to a method comprising sensing, by an apparatus, a shared channel; determining whether the shared channel is free; determining whether a synchronization signal has been received; and based on that the shared channel is determined free and the synchronization signal is determined received, beginning to access the shared channel.

Apparatus and method to set a control channel configuration in a communication system

An apparatus, method and system to set a control channel configuration in a response to an indication of interference in a communication system. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a processor 520 and memory 550 including computer program code. The memory 550 and the computer program code are configured to, with the processor 520, cause the apparatus to detect interference for the apparatus operable on a communication system from another communication system, and provide an indication of the interference to a base station. The memory 550 and the computer program code are further configured to, with the processor 520, cause the apparatus to receive an indication of a relocation of at least a portion of a control channel to a protected area in response to a signal from the base station.

INTERFERENCE MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR WIRELESS NETWORKS

Various embodiments are disclosed relating to techniques for managing interference among nodes in a wireless network. According to an example embodiment, a first measurement of a first interference activity may be determined at a first wireless node in a wireless network. A determination may be made that the first interference activity is unacceptable based on the first measurement. A first interference report including an indication of the unacceptable first interference activity may be sent to a second wireless node for transmission to a base station for processing by the base station. According to an example embodiment, an interference report including an indication of an unacceptable first interference activity for a first wireless node in a wireless network may be received. At least one adaptation parameter value may be determined based on the interference report. An adaptation message including the at least one adaptation parameter may be transmitted.

Apparatus and Method to Set a Control Channel Configuration in a Communication System

An apparatus, method and system to set a control channel configuration in a response to an indication of interference in a communication system. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a processor and memory including computer program code. The memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the processor , cause the apparatus to detect interference for the apparatus operable on a communication system from another communication system, and provide an indication of the interference to a base station. The memory and the computer program code are further configured to, with the processor , cause the apparatus to receive an indication of a relocation of at least a portion of a control channel to a protected area in response to a signal from the base station. 130-. (canceled)31. An apparatus , comprising:a processor; andmemory including computer program code detect interference for said apparatus operable on a communication system from another communication system;', 'provide an indication of said interference to a base station; and', 'receive an indication of a relocation of at least a portion of a control channel to a protected area in response to a signal from said base station., 'said memory and said computer program code configured to, with said processor, cause said apparatus to perform at least the following32. The apparatus as recited in wherein said memory and said computer program code are further configured to claim 31 , with said processor claim 31 , cause said apparatus to detect said interference by sensing a signal in a communication channel greater than a threshold level.33. The apparatus as recited in wherein said protected area comprises a frequency and time communication resource located in a subframe or portion thereof assigned to said apparatus for an uplink transmission that is less likely to be interfered by said another communication system.34. The apparatus as recited in wherein said memory and said computer program code are further ...

OFFLOADING TRAFFIC TO DEVICE-TO-DEVICE COMMUNICATIONS

Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for offloading data to D2D communication links. The method may include processing information indicating at least one or more data locations representing at least one or more candidate locations where data is stored; determining at least one or more device locations representing one or more devices accessible by a wireless device-to-device communication link; determining, based on the one or more data locations and the one or more device locations, a local device from which to access the data; and accessing the data at the determined local device. Related apparatus, systems, methods, and articles are also described. 1. A method comprising:processing information indicating at least one or more data locations representing at least one or more candidate locations where data is stored;determining at least one or more device locations representing one or more devices accessible by a wireless device-to-device communication link;determining, based on the one or more data locations and the one or more device locations, a local device from which to access the data; andaccessing the data at the determined local device.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:sending a request for the data.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:sending, by a server, the information indicating at least the one or more data locations.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:receiving the information indicating at least the one or more data locations.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the information indicating at least the one or more data locations comprises one or more identifiers of the one or more devices.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the information indicating at least the one or more data locations comprises a cache device set.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining at least the one or more device locations further comprises:generating a local device set by listening for the one or ...

Small cell mobility enhancement

There is provided a method, an apparatus and a computer program product, wherein the method includes applying at least one procedure for inter-frequency measurements of at least one carrier, wherein a first procedure is applied when a carrier having at least one cell deployed for providing non-continuous coverage radio access is to be measured and a second procedure is applied when a carrier having at least one cell deployed for providing continuous coverage radio access is to be measured, and performing the inter-frequency measurements according to the applied procedure, when the procedure for the inter-frequency measurements is on.

CONTROL SIGNALING TECHNIQUES FOR WIRELESS NETWORKS

Various example embodiments are disclosed relating to wireless networks, such as relay networks or multi-hop networks, and also relating to control signaling techniques for wireless networks. In an example embodiment, a method or technique may include transmitting (e.g., data or control) frames in a downlink direction and control frames in an uplink direction during a first phase, and transmitting (e.g., data or control) frames in an uplink direction and control frames in a downlink direction during a second phase.

System and methods for direction finding using a handheld device

A system for indicating the relative direction of a target object or location as determined from the current position of a wireless communication device. The system employs Direction of Arrival determination using an antenna array for indicating the direction of a target device and includes facilities to activate a location-indicating transmission in a target device, the ability to request that a location-indicating transmission be activated in a remote target device, relevant information reception from a target device and the display of all potential target devices within effective transmission range of the wireless communication device.

SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR DIRECTION FINDING USING A HANDHELD DEVICE

A system for indicating the relative direction of a target object or location as determined from the current position of a wireless communication device. The system employs Direction of Arrival determination using an antenna array for indicating the direction of a target device and includes facilities to activate a location-indicating transmission in a target device, the ability to request that a location-indicating transmission be activated in a remote target device, relevant information reception from a target device and the display of all potential target devices within effective transmission range of the wireless communication device.

Cooperative relay system enabling simultaneous broadcast-unicast operation with efficient automatic repeat request functionality

A wireless node, such as a relay node, has different operating modes for unicast and broadcast/multicast subchannels. For unicast services the phase offsets of those relay nodes engaged in a cooperative transmission are optimized for the subchannels used for unicast services. Alternatively, when no feedback is available and an open loop MIMO or MIMO-type scheme is in use, retransmissions are performed in such a way that a destination (e.g., user terminal) receives effectively a distributed space-time block code. For the broadcast/multicast services time varying random phase offsets may be employed for the subchannels used for broadcast services. For reliable high data rate broadcast transmissions a cooperative retransmission scheme that effectively forms distributed space-time block codes may be used.

Apparatus, system, and method for obtaining local connectivity settings

An apparatus, system, and method for a communication network that includes a mobile device, a target device, and a connection settings server. The mobile device is configured to transmit a request for device-to-device connection settings data to the connection settings server, the connection settings server is configured to receive the request, determine appropriate device-to-device connection settings data, and transmit the appropriate device-to-device connection settings data to the mobile device, the mobile device is further configured to receive the appropriate device-to-device connection settings data and establish a device-to-device connection with the target device, wherein the establishing of the device-to-device connection is facilitated by the device-to-device connection settings data.

REDUCED CELL ID REASSIGNMENTS IN MULTI-BAND LOCAL AREA

A method, apparatus, and computer program is provided which allows an access point that is operating in multiple bands to be able to have a conflict-free cell identity when hopping to different bands. A first message is received, at an access point, indicating that a reassignment of cell identities has been triggered in a first band. A second message is transmitted, at the access point, indicating if the access point will participate in the reassignment. 130-. (canceled)31. A method , comprising:receiving, at an access point, a first message indicating that a reassignment of cell identities has been triggered in a first band; andtransmitting, at the access point, a second message indicating whether the access point will participate in the reassignment.32. The method of claim 31 , wherein the receiving the first message further comprises receiving the first message from a support node.33. The method of claim 32 , further comprising transmitting a third message to the support node claim 32 , wherein the third message notifies the support node that the access point is interested in receiving further messages about cell identity reassignments in any bands where the access point was previously operating claim 32 , or is configured to operate in claim 32 , when the access point changes bands.34. The method of claim 31 , further comprising transmitting a fourth message claim 31 , at the access point claim 31 , indicating that the access point has started claim 31 , or intends claim 31 , to operate in a first band.35. The method of claim 31 , wherein the receiving the first message comprises receiving the first message from another access point over a common interface.36. The method of claim 31 , further comprising transmitting a third message to other access points in a same neighborhood as the access point claim 31 , wherein the third message notifies the other access points that the access point is interested in receiving further messages about cell identity ...

Method and apparatus for providing interference measurements for device to-device communication

An approach for providing interference measurements for device-to-device communication is disclosed. A logic generates a control signal to instruct a plurality of stations to perform measurement relating to interference or path loss by the stations. The logic then receives measurement information from the stations and determines, based on the measurement information, whether resources are to be scheduled to provide direct communication between two of the stations.

Arterial pulse measurement

A method and a system for determining an in vivo transit distance and a corresponding transit time for an arterial pulse. An example system comprises a radar receiver connected to a processor to perform time-resolved measurements of reflections of wave pulses and to spectrally filter the reflections to select spectral components associated with the arterial pulse. The resulting signal samples are then organized into groups corresponding to different wave pulses, and the groups are processed to identify samples corresponding to a first arterial pulse point and a second arterial pulse point on the body of a subject, and the identified samples are further processed to determine the in vivo transit distance and the corresponding transit time for the arterial pulse. In some embodiments, a collection of arterial pulse points detected by the measurements may be mapped onto a reference constellation for a more-accurate determination of the in vivo transit distance.

Cooperative relay system enabling simultaneous broadcast-unicast operation with efficient automatic repeat request functionality

A wireless node, such as a relay node, has different operating modes for unicast and broadcast/multicast subchannels. For unicast services the phase offsets of those relay nodes engaged in a cooperative transmission are optimized for the subchannels used for unicast services. Alternatively, when no feedback is available and an open loop MIMO or MIMO-type scheme is in use, retransmissions are performed in such a way that a destination (e.g., user terminal) receives effectively a distributed space-time block code. For the broadcast/multicast services time varying random phase offsets may be employed for the subchannels used for broadcast services. For reliable high data rate broadcast transmissions a cooperative retransmission scheme that effectively forms distributed space-time block codes may be used.

FLEXIBLE SPECTRUM SHARING

Various example embodiments are disclosed. According to one example embodiment, a method may include receiving, by a first wireless node in a first wireless network, a request from a second wireless node in a second wireless network to borrow spectral resources from the first wireless network. The method may further include determining a cost of granting the request, the cost being based at least in part on a cost to a lending cell within the first wireless network from which the spectral resources will be borrowed and a cost to neighboring cells of the lending cell. The method may further include lending the spectral resources to the second wireless node based at least in part on the determined cost of granting the request.

Status report messages for multi-layer ARQ protocol

Disclosed herein is a method comprising detecting, by a relay node in a wireless network, an inner automatic repeat request (ARQ) error on a local link of the wireless network, and sending, in response to the detecting, an outer ARQ status report identifying one or more packets that were not successfully received, the outer ARQ status report including an originating node ID identifying the relay node as an originator of the outer ARQ status report.

Flexible spectrum sharing

Various example embodiments are disclosed. According to one example embodiment, a method may include receiving, by a first wireless node in a first wireless network, a request from a second wireless node in a second wireless network to borrow spectral resources from the first wireless network. The method may further include determining a cost of granting the request, the cost being based at least in part on a cost to a lending cell within the first wireless network from which the spectral resources will be borrowed and a cost to neighboring cells of the lending cell. The method may further include lending the spectral resources to the second wireless node based at least in part on the determined cost of granting the request.

METHODS, APPARATUSES AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCTS FOR PROVIDING COORDINATION OF DEVICE TO DEVICE COMMUNICATION

An apparatus for providing coordination of device to device communication may include a processor. The processor is configured to communicate a request for a resource allocation to a network communication node (300). The resource allocation is related to resources usable for device to device communication between a first terminal communicating the request and a second terminal. The processor is further configured to receive a resource allocation including an amount and duration of resources to be used for the device to device communication in response to the request (310), and utilize the resource allocation for device to device communication with the second terminal (320).

Apparatus and method for channel reciprocity in a wireless network

Disclosed herein is a method comprising using a first frequency for communication in a first direction with an infrastructure node and a second frequency for communication in a second direction with the infrastructure node during a normal operation phase in a wireless network. The method may further comprise reversing the frequencies used for the communication in the first and second directions with the infrastructure node during a link reversal phase.

Apparatus, method and computer program product providing relay division multiple access

An apparatus, computer program and method are provided. A first control signal is received from a first network node and a second control signal is received from a second network node. From the received first and second control signals is determined a first relative weight and a second relative weight. A first message is received and a second message is received, which may be from different sources. The received first message is relayed by transmitting it after amplifying according to the first relative weight, and the received second message is relayed by transmitting it after amplifying according to the second relative weight. The relayed messages may be transmitted to different destinations, and in a full duplex mode. Further aspects include using the relative weights to load balance or set network coverage area as between the network nodes.

ACCESSING SERVICE INFORMATION

First, second and third apparatuses, methods and computer programs are provided. The first apparatus (10) controls a transmitter to transmit, to the third apparatus (30), service information relating to at least one service. The first apparatus (10) also controls the transmitter to transmit, to the third apparatus (30), at least one access control parameter that defines how to control access to the service information. The second apparatus (20) controls a transmitter to transmit a request, to the third apparatus (30) via data link layer signaling, requesting access to service information. The request comprises at least one access request parameter. The third apparatus (30) determines, from at least one access control parameter provided by the first apparatus (10), how to control access to service information provided by the first apparatus (10). The third apparatus (30) decides, in response to reception of the request from the second apparatus (20), whether to enable the second apparatus ...

Methods and Apparatus for Wireless Networking

Systems and techniques for managing interference in wireless networking environments. Stations waiting to transmit are controlled so as to avoid undue interference with transmitting stations—for example, by restricting the use of a higher CCA threshold or otherwise requiring deference. Low power transmitting stations may be identified so that a monitoring station will defer its transmission even if the transmitting station is not in the monitoring station's BSS. Alternatively or in addition, stations may be configured to manage behavior that has a higher interference potential—such as by restricting the duration for which a station may use a higher CCA threshold. 1. An apparatus comprising:at least one processor;memory storing a program of instructions;wherein the memory storing the program of instructions is configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least:control the operation of at least one monitoring wireless networking station so that the wireless networking station limits transmission when needed to allow fair channel access by at least one transmitting station outside of the basic service set of the at least one wireless networking station.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein controlling the operation of the at least one wireless networking station comprises controlling a clear channel access threshold used by the at least one wireless networking station.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein controlling the operation of the at least one monitoring wireless networking station comprises refraining from transmission in response to receiving an indication that the at least one transmitting wireless networking station is particularly susceptible to interference.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the indication that the at least one transmitting wireless networking station is particularly susceptible to interference includes one or more of an indication that the station is a lower power station claim 3 , an indication that the ...

Delay constrained use of automatic repeat request for multi-hop communication systems

Minimization of delay due to automatic repeat requests in a multi-hop communication system can be accomplished to optimize the performance of delay-constrained applications such as voice over internet protocol (VoIP). The protocol described with relation to such embodiments can reduce the possible retransmissions to the first hop (the hop connecting a mobile node to a relay node). Thus, certain embodiments of the present invention can protect the most error-prone link while reducing the overall delay experienced by the user.

Inter-cell interference coordination of multiple transmission ranks

Inter-cell interference coordination of multiple transmission ranks can be accomplished by various methods and apparatuses. For example, a method can include defining indexing of resources for which a base station will restrict a maximum rank for transmission. The method can also include informing a neighboring base station of the first base station about the resources for which the base station will restrict the maximum rank of transmission.

INTERFERENCE SUPPRESSION DURING DEVICE-TO-DEVICE COMMUNICATIONS

A method is disclosed that includes selecting one or more terminals involved in a device-to-device communication to which interference caused by a transmission to one or more other terminals should be suppressed, and choosing a number of degrees of freedom from a predetermined number of degrees of freedom to be used to suppress interference towards the selected one or more terminals. The method also includes using the remaining degrees of freedom from the predetermined number to increase signal quality to the one or more other terminals and performing precoding based on the chosen number of degrees of freedom and the remaining degrees of freedom. The method further includes, using at least the performed precoding, transmitting information to the one or more other terminals. Apparatus and programs/program products are also disclosed. 124-. (canceled)25. A method , comprising:selecting at least one terminal involved in a device-to-device communication to which interference caused by a transmission to at least one other terminal should be suppressed;choosing a number of degrees of freedom from a predetermined number of degrees of freedom to be used to suppress interference towards the selected at least one terminal;using the remaining degrees of freedom from the predetermined number to increase signal quality to the at least one other terminal;performing precoding based on the chosen number of degrees of freedom and the remaining degrees of freedom; andusing at least the performed precoding, transmitting information to the at least one other terminal.26. The method as in claim 25 , wherein performing precoding further comprises:forming an interference cancellation portion of a transmission precoding matrix based on the chosen number of degrees of freedom; andforming a beamforming portion of the transmission precoding matrix based on the remaining degrees of freedom.27. The method as in :further comprising receiving information from the at least one terminal, where the ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AUTONOMOUS OFDMA BEACON RECEPTION MEASUREMENT

In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided. In one aspect there is provided a method. The method may include configuring the device to monitor the presence of the OFDMA beacons and the quality of the OFDMA beacon receptions. The device may transmit the beacon reports that detail the sensed beacons from the beaconing device during an OFDMA beacon opportunity. In another aspect there is provided a method. The method may include configuring a dedicated beacon quality measurement agreement between two or more devices. Based on the agreement defining the beacon transmission and reception periodicity, one device transmits a beacon and the other devices in the agreement monitor the beacon. Related apparatus, systems, methods, and articles are also described. 127-. (canceled)28. A method comprising:monitoring the presence of orthogonal frequency division multiple access, OFDMA, beacons and at least one quality parameter relating to OFDMA beacon receptions;transmitting a beacon map comprising at least one set of beacon information that specifies the sensed beacon(s) transmitted from at least one beaconing device.29. The method of claim 28 , wherein transmitting further comprises:transmitting said beacon map autonomously as a broadcast frame.30. The method of claim 29 , wherein transmitting further comprises:transmitting said beacon map triggered by at least one of a reduced number of beacon receptions, the detection of free slot, the detection of a new transmitter, and the detection of poor beacon transmission quality from the received beacon maps.31. The method of claim 28 , wherein transmitting further comprises:transmitting said beacon map as a unicast frame, in response to a beacon map request, to the requesting device.32. The method of claim 28 , wherein the beacon map further comprises at least one of the following elements:an indication of the received beacons during the ...

Method and apparatus for providing a network search function

A method for providing an autonomous search function may include discovering, at a user terminal, a first access node providing access in accordance with a first radio access technology (RAT), causing an attempt to discover a second access node providing access in accordance with a second RAT in response to discovering the first access node where the first access node has a first coverage area and the second access node has a second coverage area that at least partially overlaps with the first coverage area, and causing storage of fingerprint information associated with the first access node together with storage of fingerprint information associated with the second access node. An apparatus and computer program product corresponding to the method are also provided.

Method And Apparatus Providing Multi-Level Proximity Indication And Small Cell Discovery

A method includes receiving a first measurement configuration at a user equipment from a wireless communication network; making measurements using the first measurement configuration; in response to a condition being satisfied resulting from the measurements that are made, transmitting an indication that an allowed small cell has been detected; receiving a second measurement configuration at the user equipment from the wireless communication network; and making measurements of the allowed small cell using the second measurement configuration, where the first measurement configuration results in measurements being made less frequently than measurements made in accordance with the second measurement configuration. An apparatus configured to perform the method is also disclosed. 1. A method , comprising:receiving a first measurement configuration at a user equipment from a wireless communication network;making measurements using the first measurement configuration;in response to a condition being satisfied resulting from the measurements that are made, transmitting an indication that an allowed small cell has been detected;receiving a second measurement configuration at the user equipment from the wireless communication network; andmaking measurements of the allowed small cell using the second measurement configuration, where the first measurement configuration results in measurements being made less frequently than measurements made in accordance with the second measurement configuration.2. The method of claim 1 , comprising an initial step claim 1 , performed in response to a precondition being satisfied claim 1 , of transmitting a message from the user equipment to the wireless communication network claim 1 , the message indicating proximity to a small cell.3. The method of claim 1 , where the first measurement configuration is received from the wireless communications network in response to a precondition being satisfied and without being requested by the user ...

Method, apparatus, and computer program product for quiet period management in wireless networks for coexistence

Method, apparatus, and computer program product embodiments are disclosed for quiet period management in wireless networks to enhance coexistence of wireless networks with other wireless networks. An example embodiment comprises: receiving control information in a wireless message in a communications channel from another device in a wireless network; receiving a packet having a duration in the communications channel in the wireless network; delaying transmission of a packet in the communications channel for an interval determined by the received control information; monitoring an ambient electromagnetic spectrum during the interval; and competing for transmission resources in the communications channel, using a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance access method, after the interval.

Medium Access Control Enhancements

The exemplary embodiments enable setting one or more devices of a wireless communication network to be associated with a one or more groups of a plurality of groups based on at least a device type of the one or more devices, receiving at least one indication that one or more devices have data to send, and allocating, one group at a time, resources to the groups associated with the devices with data to send. Further, receiving a probe message from a network node, the probe message identifying one or more groups set to the device based at least on a device type, sending, information to the node, the information providing an indication that data is required to be sent, and in response to the sending, receiving a resource allocation from the node to send the data, wherein the resource allocation is arranged based on the groups set to the device. 1. A method comprising:setting, by a network node, one or more devices of a wireless communication network to be associated with a one or more groups of a plurality of groups based on at least a device type of the one or more devices;receiving at least one indication that the one or more devices has data to send in the wireless communication network; andallocating, one group at a time, a resource to the one or more groups associated with one or more devices with data to send.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the groups are assigned to the device based on at least one of a service level agreement claim 1 , a quality of service required and a path loss experienced for the one or more devices.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the setting the one or more devices comprises receiving an indication of device identification from each one of the one or more devices claim 1 , wherein the indication is received in response to a probe type message sent by the network node to the one or more devices claim 1 , wherein the indication is received in an acknowledgement message claim 1 , and wherein the indication comprises ...

Medium Access Control Method Enhancement

The exemplary embodiments provide at least a method of receiving, by a node of a wireless communication network, more than one indication of data required to be sent from devices in the network, determining that provisioning resources to send the data in response to each of the more than one indication exceeds at least one threshold, and based on the determining, sending a probe message including a priority constraint to the devices. Further, receiving, at a device of a wireless communication network, a probe message from a network node of the network, the probe message identifying a priority constraint, sending, by the device, an acknowledgement to the probe message, the acknowledgment indicating that the device has data to send which meets or exceeds the priority constraint identified in the probe message, and in response to the acknowledgment, receiving from the network node a resource allocation to send the data. 1. A method comprising:receiving, by a network node of a wireless communication network, more than one indication of data required to be sent from devices in the wireless communication network;determining that provisioning resources to send the data in response to each of the more than one indication exceeds at least one threshold; andbased on the determining, sending a probe message comprising a priority constraint to the devices.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:receiving an acknowledgement to the probe message from one or more of the devices with data to send, the data to send having a priority which at least one of meets or exceeds the priority constraint identified in the probe message; andallocating a resource to the one or more devices in order to send the data.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the priority constraint identified in the probe message is associated with a classification comprising at least one of regular reporting claim 1 , low activity claim 1 , medium activity claim 1 , strong activity and ...

D2D COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES: BEACONING; BROADCAST; CONFLICT RESOLUTION

There is a method and apparatus for transmitting a beacon for D2D communications in a first radio resource selected from among a first set of radio resources of a beacon frame; and for transmitting a broadcast message in a second radio resource selected from among a second set of radio resources of the same beacon frame. In various particular embodiments: the beacon has an indication that the broadcast message is to be transmitted in the beacon frame; the beacon has an indication specifying the second radio resource; there is transmitted a broadcast message header in the second radio resource during an initial subframe of the beacon frame and the broadcast message header has an indication of how many subframes are allocated for the broadcast message; and the broadcast message header has a retransmission control field that selectively indicates which broadcast partners are to re-transmit the broadcast message. 140-. (canceled)41. A method , comprising:transmitting a beacon for device to device communications in a first radio resource selected from a first set of radio resources of a beacon frame; andtransmitting a broadcast message in a second radio resource selected from a second set of radio resources of said beacon frame.42. The method according to claim 41 , wherein the beacon comprises an indication that the broadcast message is to be transmitted in the beacon frame.43. The method according to claim 41 , wherein the beacon further comprises an indication specifying the second radio resource.44. The method according to claim 41 , further comprising:transmitting a broadcast message header in the second radio resource during an initial subframe of the beacon frame;and wherein the broadcast message header further comprises an indication of how many subframes of the beacon frame are allocated for transmitting the broadcast message.45. The method according to claim 44 , wherein the broadcast message header further comprises a retransmission control field that ...

Method and Apparatus for Device Discovery through Beaconing

In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, a method comprises identifying at least one beacon opportunity at a wireless network device; selecting a beacon channel from a beacon slot that is a flexibly allocated frequency resource; and transmitting at least one beacon signal in the selected beacon channel multiplexed in a beacon frame during the identified beacon opportunity. 143-. (canceled)44. A method , comprisingidentifying at least one beacon opportunity at a wireless network device;selecting a beacon channel from a beacon slot that is a flexibly allocated frequency resource; andtransmitting at least one beacon signal in the selected beacon channel multiplexed in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) beacon frame during the identified beacon opportunity.45. The method of wherein selecting the beacon channel comprises selecting a beacon slot with a synchronization sequence and an indication of a periodicity for the beacon transmission.46. The method of wherein selecting the beacon channel comprises determining a total number of available beacon channels with the selected beacon slot wherein the total number of the available beacon channels in the beacon slot is calculated by dividing a size of the allocated beacon slot by a size of beacon signal claim 45 , which yields a number of beacon channels available for transmitting beacon frames.47. The method of wherein selecting the beacon channel comprises at least one ofselecting an available beacon channel with a lowest index among available beacon channels;selecting the available beacon with a highest index of the beacon channels; andselecting the available beacon channel randomly from among the available beacon channels.48. The method of wherein selecting the beacon channel comprises at least one ofselecting a D2D beacon channel that is immediately adjacent to a previous beacon channel; andselecting the D2D beacon channel based on one or more of quality and utilization ...

Mechanism For Coexistence Between Wireless Networks

In accordance with the exemplary embodiments there is at least a method performed with an apparatus of a wireless communication network including sensing information regarding at least one coexisting network, and sending the information in a header of a media access control frame to a network node of the wireless communication network. In addition, in accordance with the embodiments, there is at least a method performed with an apparatus of a wireless communication network including receiving sensing information regarding at least one coexisting network in a header of a media access control frame from at least one device of the wireless communication network, determining, using at least the sensing information, occupancy information regarding one or more coexisting networks of the wireless communication network, and sending the occupancy information to one or more devices of the wireless communication network. 1. A method comprising:sensing, by a device of a wireless communication network, information regarding at least one coexisting network; andsending the information in a header of a medium access control frame to a network node of the wireless communication network.2. The method according to claim 1 , where sending the information comprises sending an indication based on the sensing of an occupancy status and an overlapping operating channel width of the at least one coexisting network.3. The method according to claim 2 , where the information comprises an indication of null sub-carriers based on the occupancy status and the overlapping operating channel width of the at least one coexisting network.4. The method according to claim 1 , where the sensing is performed based on a medium access control message received from the network node claim 1 , and where the medium access control message comprises at least one of an indication of a coexisting network and an overlapping operating channel width of the coexisting network.5. The method according to claim 4 , where ...

METHOD, APPARATUS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR POWER SAVING IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Method, apparatus, and computer program product embodiments are. An example embodiment comprises: transmitting by a first wireless device to a second wireless device, a first message indicating an awake state with availability to receive wireless messages from the second wireless device; receiving by the first wireless device, an acknowledgement message from the second wireless device, including control information indicating a duration until a service period starts; and resuming a non-awake state by the first device when the control information indicates the duration satisfies a transition criterion. 1. A method , comprising:transmitting by a first wireless device to a second wireless device, a first message indicating an awake state with availability to receive wireless messages from the second wireless device;receiving by the first wireless device, an acknowledgement message from the second wireless device, including control information indicating a duration until a service period starts; andresuming a non-awake state by the first device when the control information indicates the duration satisfies a transition criterion.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:resuming the awake state by the first device when the duration has expired.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:remaining in the awake state by the first device when the control information indicates that the duration until the service period starts is less than a first value.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:wherein the first message is a power save poll packet indicating an awake state with availability to receive wireless messages from the second wireless device5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:wherein the control information in the acknowledgement message is in a field for more-data, the control information indicating either traffic is buffered and a service period starts or indicating no traffic is buffered and the first wireless device may resume the non-awake ...

Buffered Frames Indication Enhancement To Enable Power Savings

A method includes receiving, by an apparatus, a signaling element containing an indication whether there are buffered individually addressed frames for at least one device within a group of devices; determining, by the apparatus, whether the apparatus belongs to a group for which there are no buffered individually addressed frames, based on the indication; and if the apparatus belongs to a group for which there are no buffered individually addressed frames, entering a lower power state without waiting to receive a next signaling element. 1. A method , comprising:receiving, by an apparatus, a signaling element comprising an indication whether there are buffered individually addressed frames for at least one device within a group of devices;determining, by the apparatus, whether the apparatus belongs to a group for which there are no buffered individually addressed frames, based on the indication; andif the apparatus belongs to a group for which there are no buffered individually addressed frames, entering a lower power state without waiting to receive a next signaling element transmission.2. The method as in claim 1 , where the indication is included in a traffic indication bitmap information element.3. (canceled)4. The method as in claim 1 , where the signaling element is received in a beacon claim 1 , and where the apparatus is a non-access point station of a wireless local area network.5. The method as in claim 1 , where there are N groups of devices claim 1 , and where the indication comprises a bit in a group of N bits.6. A non-transitory computer-readable medium that contains software program instructions claim 1 , where execution of the software program instructions by at least one data processor results in performance of operations that comprise execution of the method of .7. (canceled)8. A method claim 1 , comprising:assigning at an apparatus individual ones of devices to one of a plurality of groups of devices; andtransmitting a signaling element to the ...

Context Transfers And Multi-Band Operation For Wireless Networks

Various example embodiments are disclosed relating wireless networks and relating to context transfers and multi-band operation in wireless networks. In an example embodiment, a multi-band scheduler may be provided for use in a wireless node. The multi-band scheduler may be configured to: receive one or more data units of a flow; assign each received data unit of the flow to a first frequency band of a plurality of frequency bands; determine a band transfer condition for the flow; and perform a context transfer from the first frequency band to a second frequency band for the flow based on the determined band transfer condition. 115. to . (canceled)16. A method comprising:receiving, at a user terminal, data units from a first infrastructure node via a first frequency band;receiving one or more retransmitted data units from a second infrastructure node via a second frequency band;providing a ARQ or HARQ status repo or block ACK to the first infrastructure node via the first frequency band;continuing to receive data units from the first infrastructure node via the first frequency.17. The method of claim 16 , herein the receiving one or more retransmitted data units comprises:performing a context transfer from the first frequency band to the second frequency band; andreceiving one or more retransmitted data units from the second infrastructure node via a second frequency band.18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the providing a ARQ or HARQ status report or block ACK to the first infrastructure node comprises:performing a context transfer from the second frequency band to the first frequency band; andproviding an ARQ or HARQ status report or block ACK to the first infrastructure node via the first frequency band.1941. to . (canceled) This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/938,018, filed on May 15, 2007. U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/938,018 is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GROUP SYNCHRONIZED CHANNEL ACCESS WITH TIM SEGMENTATION

A method includes receiving indications of a wake-up interval assigned to a station and a corresponding group to which the station belongs, wherein all stations assigned to the group are assigned the wake-up interval. The method includes waking the station during the wake-up interval and determining, using at least the indication of the group, whether information received by the station during the wake-up interval corresponds to the group. Another method includes assigning stations to one of multiple groups based on wake-up intervals, in which stations assigned to a group all have a same wake-up interval and each group has a different wake-up interval, sending indications of a corresponding wake-up interval and a corresponding group to each of the stations, and during a interval corresponding to the wake-up interval for a selected group, transmitting the indication of the selected group and associated information meant for the group. 1. An apparatus , comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory including computer program code;in which the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:receiving at a station indications of a wake-up time interval assigned to the station and a corresponding group to which the station belongs, wherein all stations assigned to the group are assigned the wake-up time interval;waking the station during the wake-up time interval; anddetermining, using at least the indication of the group, whether information received by the station during the wake-up time interval corresponds to the group.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the information may correspond to multiple stations assigned to the group claim 1 , and in which the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured claim 1 , with the at least one processor claim 1 , to cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: responsive to ...

Method and Apparatus for Synchronized Channel Access Among Groups

In the detailed examples an access point AP assigns each of a plurality of stations to a group, in which at least one group has multiple stations assigned. For each group the AP sets a group-specific medium access interval during which stations who are members of the group are allowed to compete for medium access, and sends a message indicating the group-specific medium access intervals for the respective groups. A station receiving the message determines the group to which it belongs and determines that it is allowed to compete for medium access at least during the medium access interval. Various examples provide options for how the grouping might be made and how the intervals might be dynamically adjusted. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the said medium access interval is a first medium access interval for a first group of stations and the message indicates a second medium access interval for a second group of stations;and the at least one memory and the computer program code is configured with the at least one processor to cause the apparatus at least further to determine that the apparatus is not allowed to compete for medium access during the second medium access interval.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , in which the message comprises indications of start time and end time values which define the medium access interval for the group of stations.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , in which a length of the medium access interval is based at least partly on a number of stations in the group.5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , in which a length of the medium access interval is based at least partly on a priority of the group of stations.6. The apparatus according to claim 1 , in which the apparatus comprises a station for a wireless local area network or one or more components thereof; and the message comprises a beacon received from an access point.7. A method comprising:receiving a message indicating a medium access interval for a ...

METHOD, APPARATUS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR EFFICIENT TIM COMPRESSION AND DECODING

Method, apparatus, and computer program product embodiments improve power saving in network environments. An example method embodiment comprises: generating in an access point device, a traffic indication map comprising a page bitmap field, a page control field, one or more block bitmap fields, and one or more sub-block bitmaps indicating wireless client devices having buffered data in the access point device available for them; and periodically broadcasting the traffic indication map in a beacon frame to the wireless client devices. 1. A method , comprising:receiving by a wireless client device, a traffic indication map in a beacon frame from an access point, the traffic indication map comprising a page bitmap field, a page control field, and one or more block bitmap fields, indicating there is buffered data available in the access point device for one or more wireless client devices;decoding by the wireless client device, the traffic indication map; anddetermining by the wireless client device, that there is buffered data available in the access point device for the wireless client device.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more block bitmap fields represents presence or absence of buffered data for one or more sub-blocks of the one or more wireless client devices and the page bitmap field indicates presence of buffered data for each of the one or more blocks.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the page control field indicates a mode of encoding a traffic indication map for buffered data in each of the one or more blocks of the one or more wireless client devices and the page control field includes zero or more padding bits to fill out at least one or more octet.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the traffic indication map further comprises one or more sub-block bitmap fields representing buffered data information for one or more sub-blocks in one block claim 1 , a block bitmap field indicating presence of buffered data for the one or more sub-blocks ...

Method And Apparatus For Signaling Sequence Root

A first access node of a first network utilizes code sequences, assigned to different user devices, to distinguish at least acknowledgements received in parallel or sequentially from those user devices. The first access node determines from received signaling that a root sequence of the code sequences is in use by a second access node of a second network, then changes that root sequence of the code sequences assigned to the different user devices. In certain examples the access nodes are WLAN access points APs and the acknowledgements are received in response to a group probe/poll. In various embodiments the first AP monitors its neighbors' group probes/polls to learn the root sequences/basic service sets in use in those neighbor networks, or the AP's own stations monitor and send the information in neighbor reports. This latter option can be initiated by the stations themselves, or by the AP. 1. A method comprising:utilizing at a first access node of a first network code sequences assigned to different user devices to distinguish at least acknowledgements from the user devices that are received in parallel or sequentially;determining from signaling received at the first access node of the first network that a root sequence of the code sequences is in use by a second access node of a second network; and thereafterchanging the root sequence of the code sequences assigned to the different user devices.2. The method according to claim 1 , in which:the first access node and the second access node are each access points of the respective first and second networks which are wireless local area networks;the user devices are stations attached to the first access point; andthe acknowledgements from the stations are received in response to the first access point sending to the stations a group poll.3. The method according to claim 1 , in which:the signaling comprises signaling received from the second access node at the first access node which indicates a root sequence ...

METHOD, APPARATUS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR RESOURCE ALLOCATION FOR SEQUENTIAL/PARALLEL WIRELESS MESSAGES

Method, apparatus, and computer program product embodiments provide signaling mechanisms for wireless networks composed of a large number of stations. An example method embodiment comprises: receiving by a wireless client device, a first message from an access point device, the first message comprising information related to resource allocation that at least partly indicates a resource allocation in time-frequency space for the wireless client device; decoding by the wireless client device, the information related to resource allocation, using a connection identifier that identifies the wireless client device within a wireless network managed by the access point device, to obtain the resource allocation in time-frequency space; and transmitting by the wireless client device to the access point device, a second message using the resource allocation in time-frequency space. 1. A method , comprising:receiving by a wireless client device, a first message from an access point device, the first message comprising information related to resource allocation that at least partly indicates a resource allocation in time-frequency space for the wireless client device;decoding by the wireless client device, the information related to resource allocation, using a connection identifier that identifies the wireless client device within a wireless network managed by the access point device, to obtain the resource allocation in time-frequency space; andtransmitting by the wireless client device to the access point device, a second message using the resource allocation in time-frequency space.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:receiving by the wireless client device, another message from the access point device, the another message comprising information that can be used in addition to the information related to resource allocation, to determine at least one of a time slot and a frequency sub-band for transmitting the second message to the access point device.3. The method ...

Medium Access Control Method

The exemplary embodiments of the invention relate to at least a method including receiving an indication that a first resource allocation to a device to transmit data was insufficient and there is remaining data to transmit by the device, based at least on information associated with the first resource allocation, determining a second resource allocation for the device, and sending the second resource allocation to the device in order to enable the device to transmit the remaining data. Further, there is a method including sending an indication that a first resource allocation to a device to transmit data was insufficient and there is remaining data to transmit, and in response to the sending, receiving a second resource allocation to the device to enable the device to transmit remaining data, wherein the second resource allocation is based at least on information associated with the first resource allocation. 1. A method comprising:receiving, by a network node, an indication that a first resource allocation to a device to transmit data was insufficient and there is remaining data to transmit by the device;based at least on information associated with the first resource allocation, determining a second resource allocation for the device; andsending, by the network node, the second resource allocation to the device in order to enable the device to transmit the remaining data, wherein the second resource allocation comprises at least one of a resource allocation to a currently probed group and a resource allocation to a previously probed group to which the device belongs.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the information associated with the first resource allocation comprises a traffic class of the resource allocation.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the information associated with the first resource allocation comprises a duration of the first resource allocation.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining of the second resource allocation for the device is ...

METHOD, APPARATUS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR RESOLVING HIDDEN NODE IN SYNCHRONIZED DCF BASED CHANNEL ACCESS

Embodiments of the invention provide signaling mechanisms for wireless networks composed of a large number of stations. An example method embodiment comprises: receiving by a wireless terminal device, a first message from an access point, the first message comprising information indicating a plurality of restricted access windows, each allocated for a different group of terminal devices associated to a wireless network managed by the access point; receiving by the terminal device, a second message from the access point, within a restricted access window of the plurality of restricted access windows, the restricted access window allocated to a group of terminal devices of which the terminal device is a member, the second message comprising information indicating that a communications channel is available; and determining by the terminal device, based on the second message, that the communications channel is not occupied by hidden ones of the terminal devices associated to the network. 1. A method , comprising:receiving by a wireless terminal device, a first message from an access point device, the first message comprising information indicating a plurality of restricted access windows, each restricted access window allocated for a different group of wireless terminal devices associated to a wireless network managed by the access point device;receiving by the wireless terminal device, a second message from the access point device, within a restricted access window of the plurality of restricted access windows, the restricted access window allocated to a group of wireless terminal devices of which the wireless terminal device is a member, the second message comprising information indicating that a communications channel is available; anddetermining by the wireless terminal device, based on the second message, that the communications channel is not occupied by hidden ones of the wireless terminal devices associated to the wireless network.2. The method of claim 1 , ...

SETUP OF DEVICE TO DEVICE CONNECTION

Disclosed are apparatus, methods and computer programs to establish device-to-device communications in a wireless network. A method includes sending an initiation message from a first device to initiate device-to-device communication with a second device; receiving a message indicating a request for setting up radio resources for device-to-device communication; sending a message to the second device, the message including a request to set up resources for device-to-device communication and, in response to establishing device-to-device communication with the second device using the resources, sending an acknowledgment that device-to-device communication is established. 1. A method , comprising:sending an initiation message from a first device to a network node to initiate device-to-device communication with a second device;receiving a message from the network node indicating a request for setting up radio resources for device-to-device communication;sending a message to the second device, the message comprising a request to set up resources for device-to-device communication; andin response to establishing device-to-device communication with the second device using the resources, sending an acknowledgment that device-to-device communication is established to the network node.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acknowledgment of the receipt of the message indicating that the resources for device-to-device communication are to be set up is sent before sending the message to the second device.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein sending the message to the second device is followed by receiving an acknowledgment from the second device of the receipt of the message indicating that the resources for device-to-device communication are to be set up.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first device persists in a radio resource control connected state via the network node after establishing the device-to-device communication with the second device.5. The method of claim 1 , ...

Small Cell Mobility Enhancement

There is provided a method, an apparatus and a computer program product, wherein the method includes applying at least one procedure for inter-frequency measurements of at least one carrier, wherein a first procedure is applied when a carrier having at least one cell deployed for providing non-continuous coverage radio access is to be measured and a second procedure is applied when a carrier having at least one cell deployed for providing continuous coverage radio access is to be measured, and performing the inter-frequency measurements according to the applied procedure, when the procedure for the inter-frequency measurements is on. 128-. (canceled)29. A method for mobility management between large and small cells , comprising:in a user equipment:receiving two different sets of measurement gaps to be applied based on radio access coverage at the user equipment within a predetermined time duration;applying at least one procedure for inter-frequency measurements of at least one carrier, wherein a first procedure is applied using the first set of measurement gaps when a carrier having at least one cell deployed for providing non-continuous coverage radio access is to be measured and a second procedure is applied using the second set of measurement gaps when a carrier having at least one cell deployed for providing continuous coverage radio access is to be measured, and the first procedure is different from the second procedure; andperforming the inter-frequency measurements according to the applied procedure, when the procedure for the inter-frequency measurements is on.30. The method of claim 29 , further comprising:receiving a command to perform the inter-frequency measurement according to the first procedure.31. The method of claim 29 , further comprising:obtaining information on whether the non-continuous coverage radio access is available in the current location or not; andselecting the procedure of the inter-frequency measurement based on whether the non- ...

METHOD, APPARATUS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR COEXISTENCE OF WIRELESS NETWORKS

Embodiments of the invention provide signaling mechanisms for wireless networks composed of a large number of stations. An example method embodiment comprises: receiving by a short-range access point in a basic service set, a beacon from a long-range access point in an overlapping basic service set, indicating a beginning and ending of a first quiet interval for short-range stations associated with the short-range access point; and transmitting by the short-range access point, a broadcast control frame, notifying the long-range access point of a second quiet interval for long-range stations associated with the long-range access point, the broadcast control frame further notifying the short-range stations associated with the short-range access point that they may access and transmit data during the second quiet interval. 1. A method , comprising:receiving by a short-range access point in a basic service set, a beacon from a long-range access point in an overlapping basic service set, indicating a beginning and ending of a first quiet interval for short-range stations associated with the short-range access point; andtransmitting by the short-range access point, a broadcast control frame, notifying the long-range access point of a second quiet interval for long-range stations associated with the long-range access point, the broadcast control frame further notifying the short-range stations associated with the short-range access point that they may access and transmit data during the second quiet interval.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:transmitting, by the short-range access point, a beacon indicating the beginning and ending of the first quiet interval for the short-range stations associated with the short-range access point.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the broadcast control frame is a broadcast clear-to-send frame.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the broadcast control frame is a clear-to-send frame that comprises one or more of a receive address ...

METHOD, APPARATUS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR SHARING WIRELESS NETWORK CREDENTIALS

Example method, apparatus, and computer program product embodiments are disclosed to improve user experience and security in sharing Wi-Fi network credentials. A method embodiment comprises receiving in a wireless device, a wireless message including private credential information to access a wireless network; determining by the wireless device, that the received private credential information is not stored in a cache of known network access points in the wireless device; and storing by the wireless, the received private credential information, in a credential database for network access points. 1. A method , comprising:receiving in a wireless device, a wireless message including private credential information to access a wireless network;determining by the wireless device, that the received private credential information is not stored in a cache of known network access points in the wireless device; andstoring by the wireless, the received private credential information, in a credential database for network access points.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wireless message includes public information to access the wireless network;storing by the wireless device, the received public information, in the cache of known network access points.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the received private credential information is stored in a credential database located within the wireless device.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the received private credential information is stored in a credential database located in a remote server.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:scanning by the wireless device, for available wireless networks;determining by the wireless device, that private credential information is stored in the credential database, for one or more scanned wireless networks; andtransferring by the wireless device, to the cache of known network access points, the private credential information stored in the credential database, for the one or more scanned ...

PROBING DATA

According to an example embodiment, a method may include sending, by an apparatus, a probe requesting for nodes with queued data to acknowledge the probe, receiving, by the apparatus, multiple acknowledgments from the nodes, the multiple acknowledgments overlapping at least partially in time and frequency, determining, by the apparatus, which nodes acknowledged the probe by decoding the multiple acknowledgments according to a code division multiple access scheme, sending, by the apparatus, an allocation to the nodes that acknowledged the probe, the allocation allocating spectral resources for the nodes to send the queued data, and receiving, by the apparatus, the queued data from the nodes that acknowledged the probe. 132-. (canceled)33. A method comprising:sending, by an apparatus, a probe requesting for nodes with queued data to acknowledge the probe;receiving, by the apparatus, multiple acknowledgments from the nodes, the multiple acknowledgments overlapping at least partially in time and frequency;determining, by the apparatus, which sensor nodes acknowledged the probe by decoding the multiple acknowledgments according to a code division multiple access scheme;sending, by the apparatus, an allocation to the nodes that acknowledged the probe, the allocation allocating spectral resources for the nodes to send the queued data; andreceiving, by the apparatus, the queued data from the nodes that acknowledged the probe.34. The method of claim 33 , wherein the probe comprises at least one of a broadcast address and a multicast address identifying a plurality of nodes in a multicast group.35. The method of claim 33 , wherein the probe comprises a plurality of medium access control addresses.36. The method of claim 33 , wherein:the multiple acknowledgements indicate a length of data to be transmitted by the respective nodes, andthe allocated spectral resources are based at least in part on the indicated length of data.37. The method of claim 33 , wherein the determining ...

SENSING AND/OR TRANSMISSION COVERAGE ADAPTATION USING INTERFERENCE INFORMATION

Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for sensing and/or transmission coverage adaptation using interference information. In one aspect there is provided a method. The method may include determining, at a node, a degree of interference at the node; receiving, at the node, at least one message from at least one neighboring node, the at least one message including another degree of interference observed at the at least one neighboring node; and adjusting, by the node based on the degree of interference at the node and the at least another degree of interference, at least one of a receiver sensitivity of the node, a clear channel assessment detection range of the node, or a transmit power of the node. Related apparatus, systems, methods, and articles are also described. 1. A method comprising:determining, at a node, a degree of interference at the node;receiving, at the node, at least one message from at least one neighboring node, the at least one message including another degree of interference observed at the at least one neighboring node; andadjusting, by the node based on the degree of interference at the node and the at least another degree of interference, at least one of a receiver sensitivity of the node, a clear channel assessment detection range of the node, or a transmit power of the node.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adjusting further comprises:determining a difference between the degree of interference at the node and the at least another degree of interference of the at least one neighboring node; andadjusting, based on the difference, at least one of the receiver sensitivity of the node or the clear channel assessment detection range of the node.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining further comprises:listening to at least one beacon transmitted by the at least one neighboring node.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:determining an aggregate for the at least another degree of interference ...

METHOD, APPARATUS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR RELAY OPERATION IN WI-FI NETWORKS

Embodiments of the invention provide signaling mechanisms for wireless networks composed of a large number of stations. An example method embodiment comprises: determining, by a wireless relay device, a first time window allocated for a first network, allowing first maximum transmit power for packet transmissions; and determining, by the wireless relay device, a second time window allocated for a second network, wherein the second time window is allowed for transmissions also within the first network, but only with second maximum transmit power that is lower than the first maximum transmit power. 1. A method , comprising:determining, by a wireless relay device, a first time window allocated for a first network, allowing first maximum transmit power for packet transmissions; anddetermining, by the wireless relay device, a second time window allocated for a second network, wherein the second time window is allowed for transmissions also within the first network, but only with second maximum transmit power that is lower than the first maximum transmit power.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:wherein the first network is a relay sub-network and the second network is a long range network.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:wherein the wireless relay device serves as a relay between the second network and stations in the first network.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:wherein the first time window and the second time window share at least partly a beacon interval of the access point in the second network.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:wherein determining the first time window comprises sending a request to the access point and receiving a response.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:wherein determining the second time window comprises receiving a beacon message.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:wherein the second network is at least one of a wireless local area network and a sensor network.8. The method ...

METHOD, APPARATUS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR MULTIPLE MODE IDENTIFIER ADDRESSING

Method, apparatus, and computer program product embodiments of the invention are disclosed for multiple mode identifier addressing employable, for example, in connection with wireless networks. In an example embodiment of the invention, a method comprises: receiving, at a device, an addressing mode indication from an access node, wherein the mode indication does not alter an association identifier of the device; determining from the addressing mode indication, at the device, an addressing mode to be employed; and operating, at the device, in accordance with the determined addressing mode, wherein the determined mode defines a hierarchical data structure, wherein the association identifier of the device is a manifestation of the hierarchical data structure, and wherein devices are grouped according to hierarchical elements of the hierarchical data structure. 1. A method , comprising:receiving, at a device, an addressing mode indication from an access node, wherein the mode indication does not alter an association identifier of the device;determining from the addressing mode indication, at the device, an addressing mode to be employed; andoperating, at the device, in accordance with the determined addressing mode,wherein the determined mode defines a hierarchical data structure,wherein the association identifier of the device is a manifestation of the hierarchical data structure, andwherein devices are grouped according to hierarchical elements of the hierarchical data structure.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the association identifier is employable for at least two addressing modes.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said hierarchical elements comprise at least one of a page identifier field claim 1 , a block identifier field claim 1 , and a sub-block identifier field.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the device learns from the addressing mode indication information regarding lengths of hierarchical elements of the hierarchical data structure.5. The method of ...

COMMUNICATION EFFICIENCY

There is provided a method, comprising: receiving, by a target node of a wireless access network, a signal from a first source node; determining the angular sector in which the first source node is located with respect to the target node; responding to the signal by both transmitting a first message omni-directionally and transmitting a second message directionally towards the angular sector; and establishing a first resource reservation on a frequency channel at least partly on the basis of transmitting the first message and the second message, wherein the first resource reservation is for performing directional data transfer with the first source node. 1. A method , comprising:receiving, by a target node of a wireless access network, a signal from a first source node;determining the angular sector in which the first source node is located with respect to the target node;responding to the signal by both transmitting a first message omni-directionally and transmitting a second message directionally towards the angular sector; andestablishing a first resource reservation on a frequency channel at least partly on the basis of transmitting the first message and the second message, wherein the first resource reservation is for performing directional data transfer with the first source node.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first message carries an indication that a second message will follow.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the received signal is a ready-to-send—request for a communication link establishment claim 1 , and wherein the first message and the second message form a clear-to-send—response.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and/or the second message indicates a time period during which any node claim 1 , other than the addressed first source node claim 1 , receiving also the directionally transmitted second message is not allowed to transmit data on the frequency channel.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:receiving another signal ...

Method and Apparatus for Signaling That Stations are Awake and Ready to Receive Data

A method, apparatus and software configured to compile a traffic indication message indicating downlink traffic is waiting for a plurality of users; and only for each nth ones of the users for which a response to the traffic indication message is received, the response identifying the nth user in a time period corresponding to a portion of the traffic indication message which indicates downlink traffic is waiting for that user, schedule the downlink traffic in each nth slot corresponding to the time period. A method, apparatus and software configured to determine that a received traffic indication message indicates downlink traffic is waiting for a particular user; map a portion of the traffic indication message, that indicates the downlink traffic is waiting for the particular user, to an uplink time period; and send, in the mapped uplink time period, a response indicating that the particular user is awake. 119-. (canceled)20. A method comprising:compiling a traffic indication message which indicates that downlink traffic is waiting for a plurality of stations, wherein the traffic indication message comprises separate downlink traffic indications for each of the plurality of stations;mapping a position of a downlink traffic indication in the traffic indication message to an uplink transmission slot, the downlink traffic indication of which is associated with a particular station;determining that the particular station is ready to receive downlink traffic if a response is received in the uplink transmission slot;receiving responses from a subset of the plurality of stations, wherein each of the responses is received in a separate uplink transmission slot; andscheduling the downlink traffic only for the subset of the plurality of stations.21. The method as in claim 20 , in which the response is an awake indication comprising a sequence claim 20 , and the traffic indication message comprises a traffic indication map (TIM).22. The method as in claim 21 , in which the ...

Interference Avoidance between Overlapping Wireless Networks

This document discloses a solution for reducing interference between wireless networks. According to an aspect, a method comprises: acquiring, by an access node of a first wireless network from at least one node of the first wireless network, information on at least one interfering node of a second wireless network; generating, by the access node, mapping information between the node of the first wireless network and said at least one interfering node; and causing, by the access node, transmission of the mapping information to another access node of the second wireless network. 1. A method comprising:acquiring, by an access node of a first wireless network from at least one node of the first wireless network, information on at least one interfering node of a second wireless network;generating, by the access node, mapping information between the node of the first wireless network and said at least one interfering node; andcausing, by the access node, transmission of the mapping information to another access node of the second wireless network.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising causing transmission of a channel reservation message reserving channel for the node of the first wireless network claim 1 , wherein the mapping information is transmitted in connection with the channel reservation message.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the mapping information is transmitted in a separate frame after the channel reservation message.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the channel reservation message comprises an information element indicating that the mapping information frame will be transmitted after the channel reservation message.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the mapping information is transmitted in the channel reservation message.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mapping information specifies a time interval when the node of the first wireless network is requested to be protected from interference by the at least one interfering node.7. The method ...

METHOD, APPARATUS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR SIGNALING FOR SECTORIZED BEAM OPERATION IN WIRELESS NETWORKS

Method, apparatus, and computer program product embodiments configure channel access windows in overlapping network environments. An example method embodiment comprises: transmitting, by an access node, a measurement request to an associated wireless device, to perform measurements of signals received from other access nodes to which the device is not associated, the device being a member of a group of devices based on transmission by the access node to the device, of a directional beacon frame; receiving from the device, a measurement response comprising information on a directional message with an access node identifier of another access node to which the device is not associated; and determining a time window that may be used by devices that are members of the group, for transferring data between members of the group and the access node, based at least partly on the measurement response. 1. A method , comprising:receiving by a wireless device, a measurement request from an associated access node, to perform measurement of at least one signal received from at least one other access node to which the wireless device is not associated, the wireless device being a member of a group of wireless devices based on reception by the wireless device of a directional beacon frame from the associated access node;receiving, by the wireless device during measurement, a directional message with an access node identifier of another access node to which the wireless device is not associated and determining a reception power of the directional message;transmitting, by the wireless device, to the associated access node, a measurement response comprising information on the directional message; andreceiving, by the wireless device, from the associated access node, an indication of a time window that may be used by the wireless device for transferring data between members of the group of wireless devices and the associated access node, based at least partly on the measurement response. ...

Method And Apparatus Providing Multi-Level Proximity Indication And Small Cell Discovery

A method includes receiving a first measurement configuration at a user equipment from a wireless communication network; making measurements using the first measurement configuration; in response to a condition being satisfied resulting from the measurements that are made, transmitting an indication that an allowed small cell has been detected; receiving a second measurement configuration at the user equipment from the wireless communication network; and making measurements of the allowed small cell using the second measurement configuration, where the first measurement configuration results in measurements being made less frequently than measurements made in accordance with the second measurement configuration. An apparatus configured to perform the method is also disclosed. 125.-. (canceled)26. A method , comprising:receiving a first measurement configuration at a user equipment from a wireless communication network;making measurements using the first measurement configuration;in response to a condition being satisfied resulting from the measurements that are made using the first measurement configuration, transmitting an indication that an allowed cell has been detected;receiving a second measurement configuration at the user equipment from the wireless communication network; andmaking measurements of the allowed small cell using the second measurement configuration to determine whether the allowed cell can be utilized to provide service to the user equipment, where the first measurement configuration results in measurements being made less frequently than measurements made in accordance with the second measurement configuration.27. The method of claim 26 , comprising an initial step claim 26 , performed in response to a precondition being satisfied of transmitting a message from the user equipment to the wireless communication network claim 26 , the message indicating proximity to a particular cell claim 26 , and where the precondition that is satisfied ...

COMMUNICATION EFFICIENCY

There is provided a method, comprising: detecting, by a node of a first wireless network, that at least one overlapping second wireless network is configured to apply contention periods and contention-free periods for communicating with different subsets of devices; detecting that a contention period timing applied by the at least one overlapping second wireless network is not aligned with a contention period timing applied by the node of the first wireless network; and causing a modification of the contention period timing in at least one of the wireless networks in order to have the contention periods to take place at least partly at the same time in each overlapping wireless network. 1. A method , comprising:detecting, by a node of a first wireless network, that at least one overlapping second wireless network is configured to apply contention periods and contention-free periods for communicating with different subsets of devices;detecting that a contention period timing applied by the at least one overlapping second wireless network is not aligned with a contention period timing applied by the node of the first wireless network; andcausing a modification of the contention period timing in at least one of the wireless networks in order to have the contention periods to take place at least partly at the same time in each overlapping wireless network.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:causing a reception of a timing-related information element from at least one overlapping second wireless network, wherein the information element indicates the contention period timing in the corresponding overlapping second wireless network.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the information element is comprised in an advertisement message.4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:detecting that the indicated contention period timing is acceptable for use in the first wireless network;modifying the contention period timing of the first wireless network on the basis of ...

Method and Apparatus for Signaling Sequence Root

A first access node of a first network utilizes code sequences, assigned to different user devices, to distinguish at least acknowledgements received in parallel or sequentially from those user devices. The first access node determines from received signaling that a root sequence of the code sequences is in use by a second access node of a second network, then changes that root sequence of the code sequences assigned to the different user devices. In certain examples the access nodes are WLAN access points APs and the acknowledgements are received in response to a group probe/poll. In various embodiments the first AP monitors its neighbors' group probes/polls to learn the root sequences/basic service sets in use in those neighbor networks, or the AP's own stations monitor and send the information in neighbor reports. This latter option can be initiated by the stations themselves, or by the AP. 1. A method comprising:utilizing a code sequence to distinguish at least an acknowledgement, sent from a first user device to a first access node of a first network, from at least other acknowledgements that may be sent by other user devices in parallel or sequentially;from signaling received at the first user device, determining a root sequence in use by a second access node of a second network; and thereaftercompiling an uplink message for informing the first access node of the root sequence in use by the second access node.2. The method according to claim 1 , in which:the first access node and the second access node are each access points of the respective first and second networks which are wireless local area networks;the first user device is a station attached to the first access point; andthe acknowledgement is sent in response to the first user device receiving from the first access point a group poll.3. The method according to claim 1 , in which:the signaling received at the first user device comprises signaling received from the second access node which indicates a ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR WIRELESS NETWORKING

Systems and techniques for management of wireless network transmission. A high efficiency wireless network that can operate using a contention free period defines an interframe space that is shorter than the interframe space used in legacy networks, so that a legacy network will be unable to contend for the medium if the high efficiency wireless network transmits during the contention free period. Before the contention free period begins, a high efficiency network element examines a transmission medium, and if an ongoing transmission extends into the contention free period, transmission by the high efficiency network is delayed until the end of the ongoing transmission. The high efficiency wireless network uses an interframe space sufficiently short that a legacy network cannot contend for the medium. After the contention free period, the high efficiency network uses an interframe space value on the order of that used by the legacy network. 1. An apparatus comprising:at least one processor;memory storing a program of instructions;wherein the memory storing the program of instructions is configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least:before the beginning of a priority period, examine a transmission medium for an ongoing transmission;in response to detection of an ongoing transmission from a second apparatus extending past the scheduled beginning of the priority period, wait for the fulfillment of a specified criterion indicating an end of the ongoing transmission;in response to fulfillment of the specified criterion, schedule transmission of the first data frame, followed by a first interframe space value after the ongoing transmission; andduring a non-priority period, schedule transmission of the first data frame, followed by a second interframe space value, wherein the second interframe space value is greater than the first interframe space value.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the priority period is a contention free period ...

Enabling Coexistence between Wireless Networks and Radar Systems

A method includes determining information about a radiation pattern of a radar beam that uses a bandwidth. Based on the information, a determination is made whether a channel using at least a portion of the bandwidth is or is not available for access by mobile devices. A transmission is performed to the mobile devices of one or more specific broadcast frames configured to advertise whether the channel is or is not available for access by the mobile devices. Another method includes receiving one or more specific broadcast frames configured to advertise whether a channel is or is not available for access, wherein the channel uses at least a portion of bandwidth used by a radar beam. The channel is or is not accessed based on the one or more specific broadcast frames. The access can be contention-based or contention-free. Apparatus and program products are also disclosed. 1. A method , comprising:determining information about a radiation pattern of a radar beam, wherein the radar beam uses a bandwidth;determining based on the information about the radiation pattern whether a channel using at least a portion of the bandwidth is or is not available for access by mobile devices; andtransmitting to the mobile devices one or more specific broadcast frames by a wireless access node configured to advertise whether the channel is or is not available for access by the mobile devices.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein transmitting further comprises periodically transmitting the one or more specific broadcast frames claim 1 , wherein a period of transmission is based at least on change in position in azimuth or elevation angle of the radar beam.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the access is contention-based access claim 2 , and wherein a current specific broadcast frame is configured to advertise whether the channel is or is not available for access by comprising a value indicating whether a mobile device may perform one or more transmissions claim 2 , if contention for the ...

PERFORMING MEASUREMENTS IN WIRELESS NETWORK

Methods, apparatuses, and computer programs for assigning measurement groups in a wireless network are disclosed. The measurement group may be announced by measurement group information comprised in a broadcast message transmitted in the wireless network. Reporting may be triggered by transmission of a request-to-report message transmitted in the wireless network. 1. A method comprising:acquiring, in a first apparatus, a broadcast message from a second apparatus, the broadcast message comprising measurement group information specifying a subset of apparatuses of a wireless network, the subset comprising more than one apparatus and forming a measurement group;determining, by the first apparatus, whether or not the first apparatus is specified in the measurement group information;acquiring, in the first apparatus, a request-to-report message from the second apparatus; andin response to determining that the first apparatus is specified in the measurement group information and said acquiring the request-to-report message, causing transmission of a measurement report to the second apparatus.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the broadcast message comprises an information element specifying a measurement type for the measurement group.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the measurement type comprises measurements of signals received from another wireless network.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measurement group information comprises a measurement group identifier assigned to the measurement group and the request-to-report message comprises the measurement group identifier.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the broadcast message comprises at least second measurement group information specifying a second subset of apparatuses of a wireless network forming a second measurement group;further comprising in the first apparatus: determining that the first apparatus is specified in at least two measurement group information.610-. (canceled)11. A method comprising:selecting, ...

METHOD, APPARATUS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR CONTENTION-FREE MEDIUM ACCESS WITHIN ASSIGNED ACCESS SLOTS

Method, apparatus, and computer program product embodiments of the invention are disclosed for contention-free medium access within assigned access slots employable, for example, in connection with wireless networks. In an example embodiment of the invention, a method comprises: receiving, at an apparatus, one or more access node broadcast frames, wherein said broadcast frames comprise: assignment information on assignment of one or more assigned access slots; and contention indication indicating whether contention is to be performed in order to access said slots; learning at the apparatus, by considering said assignment information, of a slot, of said assigned access slots, assigned to the apparatus; learning, at the apparatus, by considering said contention indication, whether contention is to be performed in order to access the slot assigned to the apparatus; and accessing, at the apparatus, a medium during the slot assigned to the apparatus.

METHOD, APPARATUS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR OVERLAPPING BSS COORDINATION OF MACRO/PICO WI-FI NETWORKS

Embodiments of the invention provide signaling mechanisms for wireless networks composed of a large number of stations. An example method embodiment comprises: receiving, by an access node of an access network, a frame from an overlapped access network, indicating time restrictions for reserving a wireless medium for the access network; and coordinating, by the access node of the access network, transmissions by members of the access network, to comply with the time restrictions for reserving the wireless medium for the access network. 1. A method , comprising:receiving, by an access node of an access network, a frame from an overlapped access network, indicating time restrictions for reserving a wireless medium for the access network; andcoordinating, by the access node of the access network, transmissions by members of the access network, to comply with the time restrictions for reserving the wireless medium for the access network.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the access network and the overlapped access network are both basic service sets and the access node is an access point.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the access network is a short range network and the overlapped access network is a long range network.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the frame further indicates time restrictions for reserving the wireless medium for at least one of the overlapped access network and a third access network.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein reserving the wireless medium comprises reserving the wireless medium for one of a restricted access window for a subset of stations in the access network or a periodic restricted access window for a subset of stations in the access network.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the frame is one of a broadcast clear-to-send frame or a broadcast clear-to-send coordination frame.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the access node changes its beacon transmission time for its beacon to be transmitted outside of the time restrictions.8. A ...

ARTERIAL PULSE MEASUREMENT

A method comprising: at a processor, determining an in vivo transit distance for an arterial pulse between a first arterial pulse point and a second arterial pulse point using a first distance measured to the first arterial pulse point and a second distance measured to a second arterial pulse point; and at the processor, determining a transit time for an arterial pulse between the first arterial pulse point and the second arterial pulse point, based on one or more transmitted detecting and ranging wave pulses reflected from the first arterial pulse point and from one or more transmitted detecting and ranging wave pulses reflected from the second arterial pulse point. 1. A method comprising:at a processor, determining an in vivo transit distance for an arterial pulse between a first arterial pulse point and a second arterial pulse point using a first distance measured by a radar receiver from the radar receiver to the first arterial pulse point and a second distance measured by the radar receiver from the radar receiver to a second arterial pulse point; andat the processor, determining a transit time for an arterial pulse between the first arterial pulse point and the second arterial pulse point, based on one or more transmitted detecting and ranging wave pulses reflected from the first arterial pulse point and from one or more transmitted detecting and ranging wave pulses reflected from the second arterial pulse point.2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , comprising measuring the first distance to the first arterial pulse point based on one or more transmitted detecting and ranging wave pulses reflected from the first arterial pulse point and measuring the second distance to the second arterial pulse point based on one or more transmitted detecting and ranging wave pulses reflected from the second arterial pulse point3. A method as claimed in claim 1 , comprising measuring a first time when an arterial pulse is at the first arterial pulse point and the first distance ...

ENABLING COEXISTENCE BETWEEN WIRELESS NETWORKS AND RADAR SYSTEMS

A method includes determining by a wireless access node of a wireless system whether the wireless system and a radar system are operating concurrently or will be operating concurrently within a predetermined time. Concurrent operation includes both the wireless system and the radar system using at least a portion of a wireless medium. Based on concurrent operation, a frame is configured to indicate to wireless devices using the wireless medium whether to release the wireless medium immediately or to release the wireless medium at a time in the future and the configured frame is transmitted toward the wireless devices. Apparatus and program products are also disclosed. 1. An apparatus , comprising:one or more processors; andone or more memories including computer program code,the one or more memories and the computer program code configured, with the one or more processors, to cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:determining by a wireless access node of a wireless system whether the wireless system and a radar system are operating concurrently or will be operating concurrently within a predetermined time, wherein concurrent operation comprises both the wireless system and the radar system using at least a portion of a wireless medium;configuring, based on determining the wireless system and the radar system are operating concurrently or will be operating concurrently within the predetermined time, a frame to indicate to wireless devices using the wireless medium whether to release the wireless medium immediately or to release the wireless medium at a time in the future, andtransmitting the configured frame toward the wireless devices.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein determining whether a wireless system and a radar system are operating concurrently further comprises determining the radar system is in a tracking mode and the tracking mode causes the concurrent operation.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein determining the radar system is in a ...

METHOD, APPARATUS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR ENABLING NAV PROTECTION FOR RESTRICTED ACCESS WINDOW

Embodiments of the invention provide signaling mechanisms for wireless networks composed of a large number of stations. An example method embodiment comprises: receiving, by a station in an access network, a frame from another station in the access network or from an overlapped access network, indicating time restrictions for reserving a wireless medium, the frame including an indication in a first portion of the frame, indicating the presence of the time restrictions for reserving the wireless medium; and decoding, by the station, at least a second portion occurring after the first portion of the received frame, to determine the time restrictions for reserving the wireless medium, in response to the indication. 1. A method , comprising:receiving, by a station in an access network, a frame from another station in the access network or from an overlapped access network, indicating time restrictions for reserving a wireless medium, the frame including an indication in a first portion of the frame, indicating the presence of the time restrictions for reserving the wireless medium; anddecoding, by the station, at least a second portion occurring after the first portion of the received frame, to determine the time restrictions for reserving the wireless medium, in response to the indication.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the station does not need to decode the entire received frame to learn about the time restrictions for reserving the wireless medium claim 1 , when the time restrictions are for reserving the wireless medium for at least one of the overlapped access network and a third access network.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the station sets a NAV to refrain from medium access during the reserved time claim 2 , to reserve the wireless medium for the at least one of the overlapped access network and the third access network.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the access network and the overlapped access network are both basic service sets and the access node ...

Method and Apparatus for Image Segmentation Algorithm

Disclosed herein is a method. Cluster centers of an image are initialized. The image includes a plurality of pixels. Pixels of the plurality of pixels in a pattern are labeled. The cluster centers are recomputed based on the labeling of the plurality of pixels. 1. A method , comprising:initializing cluster centers of an image, wherein the image comprises a plurality of pixels;labeling pixels of the plurality of pixels in a pattern; andrecomputing the cluster centers based on the labeling of the plurality of pixels.2. The method of wherein the labeling comprises labeling each pixel of the plurality of pixels.3. The method of wherein the pattern comprises at least one of alternate rows claim 1 , alternate columns claim 1 , every n-th column or row claim 1 , or a repeating pattern taking parts of a first row and remaining part of a second row.4. The method of wherein the initializing of the cluster centers further comprises initializing cluster centers to K super pixels.5. The method of wherein the labeling of each pixel further comprises claim 1 , for every cluster center claim 1 , labeling each pixel in an alternate row in a 2S×2S neighborhood.6. The method of wherein the recomputing of the cluster center further comprises recomputing the cluster centers in (L claim 1 , a claim 1 , b claim 1 , x claim 1 , y) space.7. The method of further comprising converting R claim 1 ,G claim 1 ,B to a Lab color space.8. The method of wherein the image comprises a still image.9. The method of wherein the image comprises a video image.10. An apparatus claim 1 , comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory including computer program codethe at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:initialize cluster centers of an image, wherein the image comprises a plurality of pixels;label pixels of the plurality of pixels in a pattern; andrecompute the cluster centers based ...

Method And Apparatus To Coordinate Simultaneous Transmission In Overlapping Wireless Networks

In one aspect the embodiments of the invention provide a method that includes transmitting a first frame comprising a first type of message from a first node for reception by a second node. The first node is associated with a first wireless communication system and the second node is associated with a second wireless communication system. The first type of message includes a first information element for identifying the second node and a second information element for specifying that the first frame is transmitted to initiate a request for simultaneous transmission by the first node and by the second node. The first frame is also received by a third node that is part of the first wireless communication system. The method further includes receiving from the third node a second frame that includes a second type of message. The second type of message identifies the second node and specifies, based on a measurement performed by the third node on the first frame and a measurement performed by the third node on a third frame transmitted by the second node, whether the request for simultaneous transmission is accepted or is not accepted by the third node. The method further includes transmitting a fourth frame that includes the second type of message from the first node for reception by the second node. The second type of message identifies the second node and specifies that the request for simultaneous transmission was accepted by the third node. 1. A method , comprising:transmitting a first frame comprising a first type of message from a first node for reception by a second node, the first node being associated with a first wireless communication system and the second node being associated with a second wireless communication system, the first type of message comprising a first information element for identifying the second node and a second information element for specifying that the first frame is transmitted to initiate a request for simultaneous transmission by the ...

Apparatus and method for selection of enhanced distributed channel access parameters for ofdma

One embodiment is directed to a method comprising selecting a group of packets for at least one access category, determining a set of contention parameters based on the at least one access category, transmitting the selected group of packets by using the determined set of contention parameters, obtaining information about collision of the transmitted group of packets, and determining an updated set of contention parameters based on the obtained collision information and a predefined condition.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING RADARS FROM INTERFERENCE

A method and apparatus may be configured to determine a plurality of rings. The plurality of rings surround a radar, and the plurality of rings encompass a plurality of networks surrounding the radar. The method also includes determining transmission powers corresponding to the plurality of rings. Each ring is associated with a determined transmission power. The method also includes instructing each network of the plurality of networks to perform transmissions in accordance with the determined transmission powers. Each network is instructed to use the determined transmission power that corresponds to the ring which encompasses that network. 1. A method , comprising:determining, by a management node, a plurality of rings, wherein the plurality of rings surround a radar, and the plurality of rings encompass a plurality of networks surrounding the radar;determining transmission powers corresponding to the plurality of rings, wherein each ring is associated with a determined transmission power, andinstructing each network of the plurality of networks to perform transmissions in accordance with the determined transmission powers, wherein each network is instructed to use the determined transmission power that corresponds to the ring which encompasses that network.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the determining the plurality of rings comprises determining the plurality of rings by a radio-management-service device.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the determining the plurality of rings comprises determining a plurality of concentric rings.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the determining the plurality of rings comprises determining a maximum radius value of each ring claim 1 , and the maximum radius value is based on a desired distribution of pathlosses within each ring.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the determining the transmission powers corresponding to the plurality of rings comprises determining transmission powers ...

Method and apparatus for assisted network discovery

In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a user equipment configured to receive local network connectivity information over a first wireless interface, determine a scanning strategy based at least in part on the received information, and discover a local network over a second wireless interface using at least in part the determined scanning strategy.

Interference management techniques for wireless networks

Various embodiments are disclosed relating to techniques for managing interference among nodes (104, 108, 110, 204, 208, 210, 220) in a wireless network (102). According to an example embodiment, a first measurement of a first interference activity may be determined (1110) at a first wireless node in a wireless network. A determination may be made (1120) that the first interference activity is unacceptable based on the first measurement. A first interference report (1070) including an indication (1018) of the unacceptable first interference activity may be sent (1130) to a second wireless node (104, 108, 110, 204, 208, 210, 220) for transmission to a base station (104, 204) for processing by the base station. According to an example embodiment, an interference report (1070) including an indication (1018) of an unacceptable first interference activity for a first wireless node in a wireless network may be received. At least one adaptation parameter value may be determined based on the interference report. An adaptation message including the at least one adaptation parameter may be transmitted.

Setup of device-to-device connection

Disclosed are apparatus, methods and computer programs to establish device-to-device communications in a wireless network. A method includes sending an initiation message from a first device to initiate device-to-device communication with a second device; receiving a message indicating a request for setting up radio resources for device-to-device communication; sending a message to the second device, the message including a request to set up resources for device-to-device communication and, in response to establishing device-to-device communication with the second device using the resources, sending an acknowledgment that device-to-device communication is established.

Apparatus and method for providing access to a local area network

An apparatus, system and method for providing access to a local area network for user equipment operable in a wide area network such as a long term evolution cellular network. In one embodiment, the apparatus (1020) for use with a user equipment includes a resource allocator (1031) configured to generate a message for the long term evolution cellular network requesting at least one characteristic of a local area network. The apparatus (1020) also includes an accumulator (1032) configured to receive the at least one characteristic of the local area network to enable the user equipment to access the local area network.

Enabling device-to-device communication in cellular networks

Context transfers and multi-band operation for wireless networks

Various example embodiments are disclosed relating wireless networks and relating to context transfers and multi-band operation in wireless networks. In an example embodiment, a multi-band scheduler (916) may be provided for use in a wireless node (104, 106, 108). The multi-band scheduler (916) may be configured to: receive one or more data units of a flow (1410); assign each received data unit of the flow to a first frequency band of a plurality of frequency bands (1420); determine a band transfer condition for the flow (1430); and perform a context transfer from the first frequency band to a second frequency band for the flow based on the determined band transfer condition (1440).

Resolving hidden node problem in synchronized dcf based channel access in wlan

To overcome the problem of hidden nodes in an IEEE 802.11ah system with a large number of (MTC) devices, the devices are grouped in sleep groups which are assigned an access window for exclusive use. This is defined in TIM with group information in the access beacon. The actual access restriction to RAW restricted access window for a group is transmitted in the RAW. Embodiments of the invention provide signaling mechanisms for wireless networks composed of a large number of stations. An example method embodiment comprises: receiving by a wireless terminal device, a first message from an access point, the first message comprising information indicating a plurality of restricted access windows, each allocated for a different group of terminal devices associated to a wireless network managed by the access point; receiving by the terminal device, a second message from the access point, within a restricted access window of the plurality of restricted access windows, the restricted access window allocated to a group of terminal devices of which the terminal device is a member, the second message comprising information indicating that a communications channel is available; and determining by the terminal device, based on the second message, that the communications channel is not occupied by hidden ones of the terminal devices associated to the network.

Interference suppression during device-to-device communications

Method and apparatus for device discovery through beaconing

In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, a method comprises identifying at least one beacon opportunity at a wireless network device; selecting a beacon channel from a beacon slot that is a flexibly allocated frequency resource; and transmitting at least one beacon signal in the selected beacon channel multiplexed in a beacon frame during the identified beacon opportunity.

Enabling device-to-device communication in cellular networks

Control signaling techniques for wireless networks

Various example embodiments are disclosed relating to wireless networks, such as relay networks or multi-hop networks, and also relating to control signaling techniques for wireless networks. In an example embodiment, a method or technique may include transmitting (910) (e.g., data or control) frames in a downlink direction and control frames in an uplink direction during a first phase, and transmitting (920) (e.g., data or control) frames in an uplink direction and control frames in a downlink direction during a second phase.

Method and apparatus for providing cooperative spectrum usage among multiple radio networks

Context transfers and multi-band operation for wireless networks

Various example embodiments are disclosed relating wireless networks and relating to context transfers and multi-band operation in wireless networks. In an example embodiment, a multi-band scheduler (916) may be provided for use in a wireless node (104, 106, 108). The multi-band scheduler (916) may be configured to: receive one or more data units of a flow (1410); assign each received data unit of the flow to a first frequency band of a plurality of frequency bands (1420); determine a band transfer condition for the flow (1430); and perform a context transfer from the first frequency band to a second frequency band for the flow based on the determined band transfer condition (1440).

Apparatus and method to set a control channel configuration in a communication system

An apparatus, method and system to set a control channel configuration in a response to an indication of interference in a communication system. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a processor 520 and memory 550 including computer program code. The memory 550 and the computer program code are configured to, with the processor 520, cause the apparatus to detect interference for the apparatus operable on a communication system from another communication system, and provide an indication of the interference to a base station. The memory 550 and the computer program code are further configured to, with the processor 520, cause the apparatus to receive an indication of a relocation of at least a portion of a control channel to a protected area in response to a signal from the base station.

Distributed capacity based channel assignment for communication systems

Apparatuses and methods for providing distributed capacity based channel assignment in a radio frequency base station servicing a local area. A method comprises: determining that an additional channel is needed, receiving reports from user equipment connected to the base station over the air interface indicating the gain in capacity due to the added channel, adding the new channel; receiving loss reports from one or more neighboring base stations indicating the loss in capacity and the interference caused to user equipments serviced by the neighboring base stations due to the use of the new channel; comparing the gain in capacity to the loss of capacity by the worst user connected to the neighboring base stations due to the added channel; and determining whether to continue to add the channel to increase capacity. Apparatuses for base stations implementing the embodiments are also disclosed.

Method and apparatus for provisioning resource credentials based on social networking data

An approach for automating the provisioning of access credentials related to one or more shared resources to one or more user devices. An access rights platform determines one or more resources associated with at least one user, at least one device associated with the at least one user, or a combination thereof. The platform also processes social networking information associated with the at least one user, the at least one device, or a combination thereof to determine one or more social networking groups to which the one or more resources are associated. One or more access rights to the one or more resources for one or more other devices based, at least in part, on membership in the respective one or more social networking groups is then determined.

Method and apparatus providing multi-level proximity indication and small cell discovery

A method includes receiving a first measurement configuration at a user equipment from a wireless communication network; making measurements using the first measurement configuration; in response to a condition being satisfied resulting from the measurements that are made, transmitting an indication that an allowed small cell has been detected; receiving a second measurement configuration at the user equipment from the wireless communication network; and making measurements of the allowed small cell using the second measurement configuration, where the first measurement configuration results in measurements being made less frequently than measurements made in accordance with the second measurement configuration. An apparatus configured to perform the method is also disclosed.

Flexible spectrum sharing

Methods and apparatus for communications

Various apparatuses, methods and computer programs are provided. A first apparatus comprises: a controller configured to control transmitter circuitry to transmit, according to a first communication protocol, a first request to a second apparatus, the first request being for assisting a wireless communication link, according to a second communication protocol, to be established between the apparatus and a third apparatus. In response to receiving the first request, the second apparatus transmits a second request to the third apparatus. The third apparatus is configured to transmit signals at a rate, each signal being for enabling a wireless communication link to be established between the third apparatus and another apparatus (such as the first apparatus). In response to receipt of the second request, the third apparatus changes the rate at which the signals are transmitted.

D2D COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES: USE OF RADIO FIRE; RADIO TRANSMISSION; CONFLICT RESOLUTION

Small cell mobility enhancement

Method and apparatus for synchronized channel access among groups

In the detailed examples an access point AP assigns each of a plurality of stations to a group, in which at least one group has multiple stations assigned. For each group the AP sets a group-specific medium access interval during which stations who are members of the group are allowed to compete for medium access,and sends a message indicating the group-specific medium access intervals for the respective groups. A station receiving the message determines the group to which it belongs and determines that it is allowed to compete for medium access at least during the medium access interval. Various examples provide options for how the grouping might be made and how the intervals might be dynamically adjusted.

Enabling device-to-device communication in cellular networks

According to one general aspect, a method may include communicating, by a first apparatus, with at least a second apparatus via a device-to-device communication link. In various embodiments, the method may also include receiving resource allocations, from a base station. In some embodiments, the method may include determining, based at least partly on the received resource allocations, which resources are allocated to at least the second apparatus for communication with the base station. In various embodiments, the method may include based at least partly upon the resource allocations, determining when to perform direct device-to-device communication, by the first apparatus, with the second apparatus.

Apparatus and method for mode selection for device-to-device communications

In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, a method is disclosed that comprises measuring a first link quality of a first link based at least in part on a first power value; measuring a second link quality of a second link based at least in part on a second power value; and determining a suitable device-to-device (D2D) mode for a D2D connection based at least in part on the first link quality, the second link quality, and one or more D2D user equipment (UE) constraints.

Accessing service information

Small cell mobility enhancement

There is provided a method, an apparatus and a computer program product, wherein the method comprises applying at least one procedure for inter-frequency measurements of at least one carrier, wherein a first procedure is applied when a carrier having at least one cell deployed for providing non-continuous coverage radio access is to be measured and a second procedure is applied when a carrier having at least one cell deployed for providing continuous coverage radio access is to be measured, and performing the inter-frequency measurements according to the applied procedure, when the procedure for the inter-frequency measurements is on.

Method, apparatus and computer program product for providing an information organization mechanism

A method for providing an information organization mechanism may include receiving indications of event occurrences related to applications associated with a device and combining, within the device, selected ones of the indications in an event log. The event log may include indications related to at least one external event and at least one internal event. The method may further include providing notification of the selected indications via display of at least a portion of the event log. An apparatus and computer program product corresponding to the method are also provided.

Control signaling techniques for wireless networks

Various example embodiments are disclosed relating to wireless networks, such as relay networks or multi-hop networks, and also relating to control signaling techniques for wireless networks. In an example embodiment, a method or technique may include transmitting (910) (e.g., data or control) frames in a downlink direction and control frames in an uplink direction during a first phase, and transmitting (920) (e.g., data or control) frames in an uplink direction and control frames in a downlink direction during a second phase.

Context transfers and multi-band operation for wireless networks

Various example embodiments are disclosed relating wireless networks and relating to context transfers and multi-band operation in wireless networks. In an example embodiment, a multi-band scheduler (916) may be provided for use in a wireless node (104, 106, 108). The multi-band scheduler (916) may be configured to: receive one or more data units of a flow (1410); assign each received data unit of the flow to a first frequency band of a plurality of frequency bands (1420); determine a band transfer condition for the flow (1430); and perform a context transfer from the first frequency band to a second frequency band for the flow based on the determined band transfer condition (1440).

Method and apparatus for provisioning resource credentials based on social networking data

An approach for automating the provisioning of access credentials related to one or more shared resources to one or more user devices. An access rights platform determines one or more resources associated with at least one user, at least one device associated with the at least one user, or a combination thereof. The platform also processes social networking information associated with the at least one user, the at least one device, or a combination thereof to determine one or more social networking groups to which the one or more resources are associated. One or more access rights to the one or more resources for one or more other devices based, at least in part, on membership in the respective one or more social networking groups is then determined.

Method and apparatus for image segmentation

Disclosed herein is a method. Cluster centers of an image are initialized. The image includes a plurality of pixels. Pixels of the plurality of pixels in a pattern are labeled. The cluster centers are recomputed based on the labeling of the plurality of pixels.

Apparatus and method to set a control channel configuration in a communication system