SCHERVERSTÄRKUNGSMATERIAL DES KRAGTRÄGERTYPS MIT DOPPELTEN VERANKERUNGSFUNKTIONEN AN OBERSEITE UND UNTERSEITE

Schrank für Einbaukältegeräte und Verfahren zu seinem Zusammenbau

Gehäuse eines integrierten Schaltkreises und Verfahren zum Bilden desselben

Eine Ausführungsform einer Gehäuse-auf-Gehäuse(PoP)-Vorrichtung umfasst eine Gehäusestruktur, einen Gehäuseträger und eine Vielzahl von Anschlüssen, die die Gehäusestruktur mit dem Gehäuseträger verbinden. Die Gehäusestruktur umfasst einen Logikchip, der mit einem Speicherchip verbunden ist, eine Formmasse, die den Speicherchip umschließt und eine Vielzahl leitfähiger Stifte, die sich durch die Formmasse hindurch erstrecken. Die Vielzahl der leitfähigen Stifte ist an Kontaktpolstern auf dem Logikchip befestigt.

uator/Kopfvorrichtung einer Festplatte gegen Beschädigung während des Transports

SEKUNDÄRBATTERIE MIT KONSTANTSPANNUNG

Magnetischer Direktzugriffspeicher mit hoher Selektivität

Steuerverfahren für einen Mikrowellenofen

Verfahren zum Steuern eines Mikrowellenofens, wobei der Mikrowellenofen aufweist: ein Gleichrichter- und Glättungsteil (3) zum Erzeugen einer Gleichspannung aus einer von einem Stromversorgungsteil (1) zugeführten Wechselspannung, einem Wechselrichterteil (5) zum Erzeugen einer Wechselspannung aus der vom Gleichrichter- und Glättungsteil (3) zugeführten Gleichspannung, einem Hochspannungstransformator (7) zum Erzeugen einer Hochspannung aus der vom Wechselrichterteil (5) zugeführten Wechselspannung, und einem Magnetron (9) zum Erzeugen von Mikrowellenstrahlung aus der vom Hochspannungstransformator (7) zugeführten Hochspannung; und wobei das Verfahren die Schritte aufweist: Feststellen (S25), ob der Strom der vom Gleichrichter- und Glättungsteil (3) dem Wechselrichter (5) zugeführten Gleichspannung über einem vorbestimmten Stromwert liegt; wenn festgestellt wird, dass der Strom oberhalb des vorbestimmten Stromwerts liegt, Unterbrechen (S27-S31) der Stromzufuhr zum Magnetron (9) für eine ...

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR the MULTI-MEDIA ORDERING OF SYNCHRONIZATION Of OBJECTS IN an ENGINE MHEG

A TORQUE TRANSMISSION DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR FOR MOTOR VEHICLE

L'invention concerne un dispositif de transmission de couple (1), notamment pour véhicule automobile, comportant un élément d'entrée de couple (7), destiné à être couplé en rotation à un vilebrequin d'un moteur, un élément intermédiaire (19) et un élément de sortie de couple (11), destiné à être couplé en rotation à un arbre d'entrée d'une boîte de vitesses, des premiers moyens d'amortissement étant montés entre l'élément d'entrée de couple (7) et l'élément intermédiaire (19) et des seconds moyens d'amortissement étant montés entre l'élément intermédiaire (19) et l'élément de sortie de couple (11), l'élément d'entrée de couple (7), l'élément de sortie de couple (11) et l'élément intermédiaire (19) étant aptes à pivoter les uns par rapport aux autres autour d'un axe (X), caractérisé en ce que les premiers moyens d'amortissement (20, 21) sont aptes à exercer un effort dirigé circonférentiellement, ou respectivement un effort comprenant une composante radiale, les seconds moyens d'amortissement ...

SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR THE REEMISSION OF DATA OF UPLINK IN A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM HAVE ACCESS MULTIPLE BY DISTRIBUTION BY CODE

MAGNETIC CERAMIC COMPOSITION FOR the USE IN DEVICES HAS MICROWAVES, MAGNETIC CERAMICS FOR the USE IN DEVICES HAS MICROWAVES AND ITS METHOD OF PREPARATION

DISPLAY DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DRIVING THE DISPLAY DEVICE

PRISMATIC SHEET, UNIT OF RETROECLAIRAGE USING THIS ONE AND DISPLAY DEVICE HAS LIQUID CRYSTALS COMPRISING the UNIT OF RETROECLAIRAGE

PROCESS OF ANNEALING Of an ALLOY CONTAINING NICKEL FOR the IMPROVEMENT OF LARESISTANCE TO CORROSION

MUTEINS OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR.

TWO-TRACK VALVE OF THE TYPE HAS DETECTION OF PRESSURE HAS DOUBLE SENS

SYSTEM OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS FOR VEHICLE

SYSTEM OF AUDIO-VISUAL TRANSMISSION IN A NETWORK VDI

PROCESS OF TRANSFER Of INFORMATION ON INSTALLATIONS BY RADIO AND CENTREDE MANAGEMENT

PROCEEDED FOR the PREPARATION Of a LUMINOPHORE CONTAINING ZINC SULPHIDE, PRESENTING an EFFECTIVE EMISSION HAS LOW TENSIONS

CIRCUIT AND PROCESS OF VERTICAL ORDER OF DIMENSIONS AND HORIZONTAL DEL' SCREEN Of a MONITOR HAS Cathode tube

OPTICAL DEVICE Of TACTILE AND PROCEEDED ENTRY OF ORDERING OF THIS DEVICE

L'invention présente un dispositif optique d'entrée tactile qui ajuste par division une sortie optique d'une unité d'émission de lumière (110) avant et pendant une opération de contact pour réduire une consommation d'énergie, et un procédé de commande de celui-ci. Le dispositif optique d'entrée tactile comprend un panneau d'affichage (70), une pluralité d'éléments d'émission de lumière infrarouge (110) disposés sur deux côtés contigus du panneau d'affichage (70), une unité de lentilles (155) disposée sur les deux côtés contigus restants du panneau d'affichage (70) et réfléchissant la lumière émise par les éléments d'émission de lumière infrarouge (110), une unité de réception de lumière (120) disposée sur les deux côtés contigus du panneau d'affichage (70), et une unité de commande tactile (180) comprenant une unité de calcul de coordonnées de contact (130) pour calculer un ensemble de coordonnées d'un point de contact et une unité de commande d'émission de lumière (112) pour diviser les ...

LIMP OF JUNCTION FOR VEHICLES AND PROCESS FOR ITS ASSEMBLY

PROCESS OF COMPENSATION OF the ERROR Of a GYROSCOPIC SENSOR FOR a NETTOYEUR-ROBOT

A HEADLAMP WITH A COMBINATION OF HIGH BEAM AND LOW BEAM FOR A BICYCLE

La présente invention porte sur un phare à combinaison de faisceaux haut et bas pour bicyclette, qui comprend un corps principal (1), une lentille (2), une source de lumière vers le bas (3) et une source de lumière directe (4), le corps principal (1) ayant une première surface (12) et une deuxième surface (13) formées dans celui-ci, la lentille (2) étant en regard de la deuxième surface (13), la source de lumière vers le bas (3) étant assemblée à la première surface (12) et une partie du faisceau lumineux qu'elle émet passe de manière oblique à travers l'espace de réception (11) de façon à former une région d'éclairage de faisceau bas, la source de lumière directe (4) étant assemblée à la deuxième surface (13), le faisceau lumineux de la source de lumière directe (4) passant à travers la lentille (2) de façon à former une région d'éclairage de faisceau haut.

ELECTRIC CONNECTOR

Un connecteur électrique comprend une carte de base (200) ayant plusieurs premières pastilles de contact (201) et secondes pastilles de contact (202) exposées sur la carte de base (200), plusieurs premières bornes (210) et secondes bornes (230) ayant chacune une extrémité connectée avec respectivement la première (201) et la seconde (202) pastille de contact correspondante, et un boîtier isolant (240) ayant une fenêtre (241). L'autre extrémité de la première borne (210) est inclinée vers le bas selon un angle puis recourbée vers le haut et l'arrière pour former une partie de contact en forme d'ardillon (211). L'autre extrémité de la seconde borne (230) définit une saillie de contact (231). La carte de base (200) et les premières (210) et secondes (230) bornes sont disposées dans le boîtier isolant (240). Les parties de contact (211) et les saillies de contact (231) sont exposées à l'extérieur à travers la fenêtre (241).

COIL Of VACUUM CLEANER

NAVIGATION SYSTEM EXCEPT ROAD

FLASHLIGHT HAS MULTIPLE SWITCHING FUNCTION.

L'invention concerne une lampe torche (100) comportant une batterie et deux interrupteurs (112, 196) permettant chacun d'activer une source d'émission de lumière de la lampe. Les interrupteurs sont des interrupteurs à trois positions reliés entre eux et présentent une fonction d'activation momentanée. Des contacts placés sur une partie intermédiaire du cylindre sont destinés à établir le contact avec un dispositif chargeur électrique. Un ressort est placé entre le dispositif de commutation situé au-dessus du cylindre et le dessus de la batterie tandis qu'un autre ressort est placé sur la base du cylindre au niveau du dessous de la batterie. Une tête élargie est placée au-dessus du cylindre et il existe une partie intermédiaire entre la partie tête et le cylindre. La partie intermédiaire reçoit une partie du premier interrupteur. Le deuxième interrupteur est placé dans un couvercle arrière (108) de la lampe torche.

HEAT EXCHANGER FOR A VEHICLE

L'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur pour un véhicule. Celui-ci comprend deux réservoirs (40, 50) pour fournir un agent de refroidissement à travers un thermostat pour régler l'ouverture/la fermeture en fonction de la température de l'agent de refroidissement et d'une pompe à eau, et évacuant l'agent refroidi vers un côté moteur; un collecteur (10) couplé avec le réservoir auquel l'agent de refroidissement est fourni; des tubes d'échange de chaleur (20) pour communiquer avec l'organe de chauffage, et agencés en parallèle à une direction du vent de roulement; un collecteur (10) à l'autre côté couplé au réservoir à l'autre côté, qui est fixé à l'autre portion d'extrémité du tube d'échange de chaleur (20) pour communiquer avec celui-ci de manière à évacuer l'agent dans le moteur, et une portion de noyau (60) incluant des ailettes (30) brasées entre les tubes (20) . L'invention est applicable à des échangeurs de chaleur.

COMPOUNDS [3.3.3] HEXAAZA PROPELLANE AS KEY INTERMEDIATES FOR NEW MOLECULAR EXPLOSIVES AND METHOD FOR MAKING SAME

Il est proposé des composés hexaaza[3.3.3]propellane représentés par la formule (I) suivante, qui peuvent être utilisés comme structure de squelette principale pour de nouveaux explosifs moléculaires et un procédé de préparation de ceux-ci : dans laquelle R est H, un alkyle en C1 à C20, un cycloalkyle, un arylalkyle ou un aryle, qui peut contenir des hétéroatomes tels que l'oxygène, l'azote, le soufre, un halogène, etc. ou des insaturations ; et X est H2, O ou S.

SWITCHING METHOD AND CONNECTION LINES FOR A CONNECTOR WITH A PORT COMBO-

DEVICE AND PROCESS OF PILOTING Of a SCREEN Of POSTING HAVE Liquid crystals

SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND APPARATUSES FOR ANTENNA SWITCHES HIGH POWER SEMICONDUCTOR COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE (CMOS-) USING SWITCHING BODY AND AN EXTERNAL COMPONENT IN A STRUCTURE WITH MULTIPLE STACKS

ALGORITHMS AND PROCESSES OF DETECTION OF SPECTRUM.

METHOD HARDNESS

ARRAY SUBSTRATE, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF AND LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE HAVING THE SAME

MATRIX AND MANDREL TRAVELLER STEP FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A DAMPER TUBE FOR A NUCLEAR FUEL ASSEMBLY, DAMPER TUBE, AND METHOD OF MAKING THE MATRIX MANDREL

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR VACUUM PROCESS OF ISOSTATICALLY COMPRESSING POWDERED MATERIAL.

BROADBAND OSCILLATOR VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED.

Un oscillateur à large bande contrôlé en tension comprend des transistors fournissant un signal d'oscillation stable, une unité inductrice, une batterie de varactors connectée à l'unité inductrice et ayant une capacitance de varactor variant avec le premier signal de commutation et une tension de syntonisation, une batterie de condensateurs de connectée à l'unité inductrice et ayant des capacitances prédéterminées pour un groupement de sections de fréquences, et une batterie de condensateurs à pondération binaire connectée à l'unité.

EFFECTIVE COOLING FLOW PATH DESIGN AND SUPPORT CONSTITUTION OF HELICALLY COILED LIQUID METAL-TO-AIR HEAT EXCHANGER WITH AN EXTERNAL AIR COOLING MECHANISM AND RESIDUAL HEAT REMOVAL SYSTEM OF LIQUID METAL COOLED REACTORS HAVING THE SAME

La présente description décrit un échangeur de chaleur métal liquide - air, comprenant un flasque étendu et formé dans une direction verticale, une chambre supérieure prévue au niveau d'une partie supérieure d'une circonférence interne du flasque pour loger et décharger un métal liquide introduit par une branche chaude, une chambre inférieure prévue au niveau d'une partie inférieure d'une circonférence interne du flasque, et raccordée à une branche froide pour décharger un métal liquide, un tube d'entrée d'air configuré pour former une première trajectoire d'écoulement dans une direction ascendante pour inhaler l'air, un tube de sortie d'air configuré pour former une seconde trajectoire d'écoulement dans une direction ascendante pour décharger l'air, un tube interne raccordé au tube d'entrée d'air et au tube de sortie d'air, et une pluralité de tubes de transfert de chaleur enroulés dans une direction hélicoïdale dans un premier espace annulaire entre une circonférence externe du tube interne ...

CIRCUIT Of CANCELLATION OF SHIFT HAS D.C. CURRENT AND AMPLICATEUR HAS GAINPROGRAMMABLE USING THIS ONE

Dans un circuit d'annulation de décalage à courant continu, un amplificateur opérationnel est pourvu d'une borne inverseuse, d'une borne non inverseuse et d'une borne de sortie. Une première résistance est connectée à la borne non inverseuse. Une seconde résistance est connectée entre la borne inverseuse et la borne de sortie. Une résistance d'annulation de décalage à courant continu est connectée entre la borne inverseuse et la borne non inverseuse. De même, dans chacun des premier et second circuits d'annulation de décalage à courant continu de l'amplificateur à gain programmable, un amplificateur opérationnel est pourvu d'une borne inverseuse, d'une borne non inverseuse et d'une borne de sortie. Une première résistance est connectée à la borne non inverseuse. Une seconde résistance est connectée entre la borne inverseuse et la borne de sortie. Un circuit d'annulation de décalage à courant continu est connecté entre la borne inverseuse et la borne non inverseuse. Ici, les premier et second ...

WASHING MACHINE AND PROCEEDED OF OPERATION THIS ONE

Le procédé de fonctionnement d'une machine à laver est décrit, et comprend : une étape de lavage (S10) destinée à laver le linge ; une étape de rinçage (S20) destinée à rincer le linge en fournissant de l'eau après avoir effectué l'étape de lavage (S10) et qui comprend un processus d'élimination de l'eau restante (S44) ; et une étape d'essorage final (S30) destinée à essorer le linge après avoir effectué l'étape de rinçage (S20). La solution détergente ayant une certaine concentration restant à l'intérieur de la machine à laver peut être éliminée par le biais du processus d'élimination de l'eau restante (S44), empêchant ainsi la contamination de l'eau propre fournie due à la solution détergente, afin d'homogénéiser le processus de rinçage (S20) du linge. De plus, le problème des restes de détergent dans le linge après l'étape de rinçage (S20) peut être résolu.

MULTI-LAYERED SYSTEMS

PROCESS OF PANIFICATION

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR USING THE SECURE SETTLEMENT NFC.

TRANSFER DEVICE TERRESTRIAL DIGITAL MULTIMEDIA BROADCASTING (T WHERE DMB) AND CORRESPONDING TRANSFER METHOD

ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DISPLAY COMPENSATION METHOD AND DEGRADATION THEREOF

A TOASTER

L'invention concerne un grille-pain et il comprend un boîtier qui contient une chambre de travail et une chambre de chauffage. Un côté du boîtier comporte une première ouverture et le boîtier est pourvu d'au moins une deuxième ouverture. La chambre de travail et la chambre de chauffage sont reliés l'un avec l'autre ; Les rainures longitudinales autant que les deuxièmes ouvertures sont situées dans le boîtier et s'étendent à partir des deuxièmes ouvertures. Au moins une cloison mobile transparente est reliée de manière coulissante à la rainure longitudinale, et la surface latérale de la paroi mobile correspond à la première ouverture. Au moins un mécanisme de positionnement reliée au boîtier et positionne ou soutient une cloison mobile. De l'extérieur du grille-pain, à travers la première ouverture et la cloison mobile transparente sera en mesure d'observer la nourriture pour faciliter à l'utilisateur de comprendre l'état de la nourriture chauffée. La cloison mobile est reliée aux rainures ...

TEXTILE STRUCTURE WITH PARTICLES OF PHEROMONE

L'invention porte sur une structure textile avec des particules de phéromone, qui comprend un textile (10) et plusieurs particules de phéromone (20) fixées au textile (10). Le parfum produit par les phéromones (20) du sexe opposé peut provoquer un comportement particulier ou une réponse physiologique particulière pour produire un effet d'excitation, d'augmentation du charme, rendant ainsi plus aisé pour le porteur de développer des relations interpersonnelles. Le textile (10) peut être fabriqué en différents styles de vêtement destinés à être porté par le porteur, augmentant ainsi la commodité d'utilisation.

LASER DIODE PACKAGE.

L'invention concerne un boitier pour diode laser, comprenant une platine conductrice de chaleur isolée électriquement avec un circuit électronique sur celle-ci; une puce à diode laser montée sur le circuit électronique de la platine conductrice de chaleur isolée électriquement et possédant une anode et une cathode, reliées respectivement à une plage de soudure externe pour des connexions électriques externes ; et un support conducteur de chaleur installé sur une surface de la platine conductrice de chaleur isolée électriquement afin de conduire la chaleur générée par la puce à diode laser vers le support conducteur de chaleur à travers la platine conductrice de chaleur isolée électriquement, dans lequel la puce à diode laser émet la lumière à partir d'un bord de la platine conductrice de chaleur isolée électriquement et la surface d'un plan de contact entre la platine conductrice de chaleur isolée électriquement et le support conducteur de chaleur est ajustée suivant les besoins en puissance ...

DEVICE OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION OF THE TYPE HAS SMALL ISLANDS

METHOD FOR OPERATING A MEMORY DEVICE AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

SYSTEM AND a METHOD FOR LIMITING the EFFECTS Of ARCS IN MATRICES Of TRANSMITTERS OF FIELDS

Multistandard socket adapter, has set of terminals cooperating with 125 volts socket, and another set of terminals cooperating with 250 volts socket, and penetrating through interface to form earthing portion

La présente invention concerne un adaptateur de prises de courant multistandard (1), comprenant au moins une interface (10) à prises femelles et un boîtier (11) fixé à cette interface. L'intérieur du boîtier (11) comporte un premier ensemble de bornes (12) et un deuxième ensemble de bornes (14) conformes respectivement aux spécifications des prises en 125 volts et en 250 volts. L'adaptateur de prises (1) comprend en outre un premier ensemble de prises femelles (13) et un deuxième ensemble de prises femelles (15) correspondant au premier et deuxième ensembles de bornes (12, 14) respectivement et conforme aux spécifications des prises pour du 125 volts et du 250 volts. Le deuxième ensemble de bornes (14) peut être utilisé pour des entrée et sortie de tension en 125 volts. Avec une telle structure, des prises mâles en 125 volts et en 250 volts peuvent être branchées dans les prises femelles correspondantes de l'adaptateur (1), réalisant lesdites sorties et entrées de tension et améliorant ...

Field emitter array for e.g. X-ray tube, has emitters emitting electrons when emission voltage is applied on grid and substrate layers, where grid layer has resistive layer with electrical resistance to locate effects of arc formation

Système et procédé pour limiter les effets de la formation d'arcs dans des matrices d'émetteurs d'électrons du type à émission de champ, améliorant la robustesse de ces matrices. Les matrices d'émetteurs d'électrons du type à émission de champ ont globalement un substrat (32), un isolant (34) et une électrode de grille (36). En incluant une substance résistive (38) dans la grille (36) de la matrice d'émetteurs, les phénomènes de formation d'arcs peuvent être isolés pour un seul émetteur de façon que les autres émetteurs d'une matrice puissent poursuivre l'émission (50) d'électrons et/ou pour que le courant de court-circuit de l'arc puisse être limité.

CONTROL METHOD FOR A LAUNDRY TREATING APPARATUS

Mode Size Converters For Reducing A Modal Profile Of Incoming Light

Convertisseur de taille de mode (102) incluant un guide d'ondes de recouvrement (106) qui comporte une extrémité d'entrée (130) configurée pour recevoir de la lumière provenant d'un élément optique (104). Le guide d'ondes de recouvrement (106) présente un premier indice de réfraction. Le convertisseur de taille de mode (102) comprend également un guide d'ondes de signal (108) qui est intégré dans le guide d'ondes de recouvrement (106) et présente un deuxième indice de réfraction qui est supérieur au premier indice de réfraction. Le guide d'ondes de signal (108) comprend des premier et deuxième segments de bras (160, 162) et un segment de tronc (164) qui forment une jonction en Y (166). Les premier et deuxième segments de bras (160, 162) sont configurés pour réduire un profil modal de la lumière qui se propage vers le segment de tronc (164) depuis l'extrémité d'entrée (130) du guide d'ondes de recouvrement (106). Chacun des premier et deuxième segments de bras (160, 162) comporte une extrémité ...

HELICOPTER WITH AN H-SHAPED FRAME

Un hélicoptère ayant une structure en forme de H est fourni. Avec un mécanisme de transmission (50) en forme de H fonctionnant en collaboration avec deux paires d'ensembles formant rotor (20), qui sont disposées sur deux côtés d'une partie avant (11) et d'une partie arrière (12) d'un fuselage (10) et qui est mis en rotation dans des sens opposés, les couples générés par les deux paires d'ensembles formant rotor (20), en rotation dans des sens opposés, sont neutralisés. Ainsi, une posture de vol et une direction de rotation pendant le vol de l'hélicoptère sont maintenus de façon équilibrés, et, dans le même temps, l'hélicoptère est équipé d'une structure simple pour aussi assurer la sécurité des vols.

ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENCE DISPLAY DEGRADATION COMPENSATION AND METHOD THEREOF

Afficheur électroluminescent organique comportant un panneau d'affichage comportant des pixels, une unité de réglage de zone de compensation 141 pour sélectionner une zone nécessitant une compensation supplémentaire, laquelle est davantage dégradée qu'une dégradation moyenne, en fonction de données de détection de dégradation indiquant un degré de dégradation de diodes électroluminescentes organiques formées dans les pixels, une unité d'extraction d'informations de bords 142 qui analyse des données d'image d'entrée correspondant à la zone nécessitant une compensation supplémentaire et obtient des informations de bords d'une image d'entrée, une unité de calcul de gain de compensation 143 pour calculer différentiellement un gain de compensation à appliquer aux données de compensation dans chacun de blocs de compensation appartenant à la zone nécessitant une compensation supplémentaire en fonction d'une quantité d'informations de bords, et une unité de modulation de données 144 produisant ...

REACTIVE PLASTICIZER BASED ETHER FOR EXPLOSIVES WITH A PLASTIC BINDER

La présente invention concerne un plastifiant réactif énergétique pour un explosif à liant plastique (PBX), et spécifiquement un plastifiant réactif énergétique pour PBX qui possède des performances et une insensibilité élevées sans fuite de plastifiant, en étant lié à un liant polymère pour un explosif à liant plastique.

PROCEEDED OF ORDERING OF TRANSMISSION CLUTCH DOUBLE OF VEHICLE HAS

Un procédé de commande d'une transmission à embrayage double d'un véhicule, pour réaliser une série d'opérations de rétrogradation d'une vitesse précédente (N+1) à une vitesse suivante (N-1) par l'intermédiaire d'une vitesse actuelle (N) en réponse à une décélération du véhicule, peut comprendre le maintien (S10) d'un embrayage, qui a été dans un état enclenché à la vitesse précédente (N+1), dans l'état enclenché jusqu'à un instant après qu'un ordre de passer à la vitesse suivante (N-1) peut être généré, lors du changement de la vitesse précédente (N+1) à la vitesse actuelle (N), le relâchement (S30) de l'embrayage après que l'ordre de passer à la vitesse suivante (N-1) peut être généré, et l'enclenchement (S40) d'un pignon de vitesse de la vitesse suivante (N-1) après le relâchement de l'embrayage.

OLED SUPPORTED TRANSPARENT ELECTRODE

La présente invention concerne une électrode transparente supportée pour OLED, comprenant, successivement (i) un substrat transparent en verre minéral, (ii) une couche diffusante formée d'un émail haut indice contenant au moins 30 % en poids de Bi2O3, (iii) une couche barrière d'au moins un oxyde métallique diélectrique choisi dans le groupe constitué de Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2 et HfO2 déposée par ALD, (iv) une couche d'un oxyde conducteur transparent (TCO). Elle concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'une telle électrode et une OLED comprenant une telle électrode.

CONTAINER INCLUDES A SHORT STROKE PUMP

La présente invention propose un récipient compact comprenant une pompe ayant une faible course, qui comprend un corps de récipient 10 pourvu d'un côté d'un bouton 11 et un couvercle de récipient 20 accouplé au moyen d'une charnière à un côté du corps de récipient 10, le récipient compact comprenant : un récipient intérieur 30 comportant un espace récepteur de contenu 31 ; une plaque de support de pompe 40 accouplée à un sommet du récipient intérieur 30 pour sceller le récipient intérieur 30 et pourvue en son centre d'un cylindre 51 ; et une pompe installée sur une partie centrale supérieure de la plaque de support de pompe 40 pour pomper un contenu et ayant une distance de course de 1,5 mm à 2,5 mm, dans laquelle le rapport entre la distance de course et le diamètre intérieur du cylindre 51 vaut de 1/5 à 1/13.

Liquid crystal display device for use as e.g. screen of television, has common voltage generator generating common voltages to independently deliver voltages to two lines connected to respective common voltage supply lines

Un dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides comporte : un substrat inférieur (101) ayant une première (118a) et une deuxième (118b) lignes d'alimentation en tension commune, des régions de pixels définies par des lignes de grille (GL1-GLn) et des lignes de données (DL1-DLm), et des lignes communes (VL1-VLn) raccordées électriquement à la deuxième ligne d'alimentation en tension commune ; un substrat supérieur (103) faisant face au substrat inférieur et ayant une électrode commune raccordée électriquement à la première ligne d'alimentation en tension commune. Un générateur de tension commune (108) génère une première (Vcom1) et une seconde (Vcom2) tensions communes pour délivrer de manière indépendante la première et la seconde tensions communes aux première et deuxième lignes d'alimentation en tension commune.

PROCESS OF REDUCTION OF the DURATION Of SCHEDULING OF PACKAGES OF AUTOMATIC TRANSFER OF COMMUNICATION OF LAYER 3 AND FINAL CORRESPONDING SATELLITE

Un procédé est proposé pour réduire la durée d'ordonnancement des paquets d'un transfert automatique de communication de couche de niveau 3, ainsi qu'un terminal satellite mobile correspondant. Ce procédé pour réduire la durée d'ordonnancement des paquets d'un transfert d'un routeur mobile (120) dans un agent local (140) d'un réseau satellite connecté au routeur mobile comprend : la transmission d'un premier paquet et d'un deuxième paquet au routeur mobile par le biais d'une liaison satellite du routeur mobile ; la transmission d'un paquet de contrôle de séquence au routeur mobile par le biais de la liaison satellite ; et la transmission d'un troisième paquet au routeur mobile via une liaison sans fil du routeur mobile. Le paquet de contrôle de séquence propose un temps de référence pour réordonner rapidement les deuxième et troisième paquets qui atteignent le routeur mobile dans une séquence inverse.

DEVICE OF TUBE Of a DISHWASHER

Un dispositif de buse (200) d'un lave-vaisselle comprenant une buse de lavage (210) configurée pour injecter l'eau de lavage sur des cibles qui doivent être lavées, une partie de passage d'alimentation d'eau (240) pour permettre l'écoulement de l'eau de lavage fournie à la buse de lavage (210), une partie de passage de vidange pour permettre l'écoulement de l'eau de lavage qui doit être évacuée, et une partie d'empêchement de siphon configuré pour empêcher un phénomène de siphon de survenir sur la partie de passage de vidange, moyennant quoi un espace nécessaire pour configurer un passage de vidange et une structure destinée à empêcher le phénomène de siphon peuvent être minimisés de façon à maintenir la taille compacte du lave-vaisselle et à améliorer l'utilisation de l'espace.

SYSTEM OF CONNECTOR OF CABLES

Dans un système de connecteur de câbles, une prise femelle pour le système de connecteur comprend une paire de plaques de compression opposées et au moins un élément rotatif conçu pour déplacer les plaques de compression opposées lorsque tourne l'élément rotatif. Les plaques de compression créent un contact avec une partie de la prise mâle insérée entre celles-ci.

MOBILE TERMINAL AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE SAME

L'invention concerne un terminal mobile (100) pouvant commander efficacement la réception d'un appel entrant dans un état dans lequel un terminal externe capable d'assister une sortie audio est connecté avec le terminal mobile (100) et un procédé de commande associé. Ledit terminal mobile (100) inclut une unité de communication sans fil (110) configurée pour communiquer avec le terminal externe, une unité de détection (140) configurée pour détecter un mouvement du terminal mobile (100), une unité de sortie audio (150) et un appareil de commande (180), si un premier mouvement est détecté par l'unité de détection (140) pendant la réception de l'appel entrant dans un premier état de configuration dont une sortie audio est réalisée via un premier terminal externe, configuré pour accepter l'appel entrant et permuter à une deuxième configuration sortant un signal d'appel pour l'appel entrant accepté via l'unité de sortie audio au lieu du premier terminal externe.

DEVICE AND PROCESS OF DETECTION OF INTERIOR POSITION BY USING A NUMERICAL SIGNAL OF BROADCASTING

L'invention décrit un dispositif de réception (130) pour détecter une position intérieure en utilisant des signaux de radiodiffusion numérique, comprenant : une unité de réception recevant un signal de radiodiffusion numérique, qui comprend des informations de navigation utilisées pour déterminer une position du dispositif de réception, transmis à partir d'un dispositif de transmission de signaux de radiodiffusion numérique (121 à 124) ; et une unité de sortie délivrant un signal à l'extérieur du dispositif de réception via une communication sans fil, dans lequel l'unité de réception reçoit les signaux de radiodiffusion numérique à partir d'une pluralité de dispositifs de transmission de signaux de radiodiffusion numérique (121 à 124).

TECHNIQUE BY SPECTRAL DOPPLER HAS MULTIPLE BEAMS OF THE IMAGERY OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL BY ULTRASOUND

Des informations Doppler Spectral distinctes spatialement sont acquises (30). Des faisceaux d'émission distincts spatialement sont formés (26) à un même instant ou en parallèle. Un ou plusieurs faisceaux de réception sont formés (28) en réponse à chaque faisceau d'émission, fournissant des échantillons pour une pluralité d'emplacements à distance latéralement les uns des autres. Un spectre est déterminé (30) pour chacun d'une pluralité d'emplacements. Suivant une autre technique, des échantillons sont acquis pour des régions différentes à des instants différents. Le balayage pour chaque région est entrelacé (40) sur la base de l'opération anatomique. Comme l'estimation (30) spectrale repose sur des séries continues dans le temps d'émission et de réception, le balayage pour les régions a lieu sur une durée suffisante pour une estimation spectrale avant que le balayage pour une région différente ait lieu. En utilisant une opération anatomique, un temps suffisant est fourni pour l'estimation ...

MANUFACTORING PROCESS Of a GALLIUM NITRIDE SUBSTRATE

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un substrat de nitrure de gallium (GaN) fournissant un film épais de GaN sans provoquer ni incurvation ni fissure pouvant survenir dans un processus de croissance. Dans ce but, une couche de nitrure destinée à être enrobée (20) ayant une pluralité de vides (50) dans celle-ci est enrobée entre une couche de GaN (30) et un substrat de base (10). Le procédé comprend la préparation d'un substrat de base (10), la croissance, sur ce dernier, de la couche (20) ayant une pluralité de parties riches en indium (40) à une première température, et la croissance d'une couche de GaN (30) sur la couche (20) à une seconde température inférieure à la première température, pour métalliser la partie (40) pour former une pluralité de vides (50) dans la couche (20).

SCREEN OUT OF PAPER ELECTRONIC AND MANUFACTORING PROCESS OF THIS ONE

Il est décrit ici un écran en papier électronique et un procédé de fabrication de celui-ci. L'écran en papier électronique peut être configuré pour inclure : un substrat ; une couche de fils qui est formée sur le substrat ; un ensemble tampon qui est connecté électriquement à la couche de fils et est disposé sur le substrat ; une couche barrière qui est disposée sur la couche de fils ; une électrode à segment qui est disposée sur la couche barrière et est connectée électriquement à la couche de fils ; un film de papier électronique qui est disposé sur le substrat incluant l'électrode à segment ; et une puce pilote qui est montée sur l'ensemble tampon.

OSCILLATOR LLC IN SQUARING INCLUDING/UNDERSTANDING a COMPENSATOR OF DEFECT Of ADAPTATION OF PHASE AND AMPLITUDE

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, il est proposé un oscillateur LC en quadrature comprenant deux oscillateurs LC interconnectés l'un avec l'autre pour générer des signaux d'horloge I/Q et un compensateur de défaut d'adaptation de phase et d'amplitude. Le détecteur de défaut d'adaptation de phase et d'amplitude peut comprendre un détecteur de défaut d'adaptation d'amplitude, un transconducteur, et un condensateur pour compenser à la fois les défaut d'adaptation de phase et d'amplitude entre les signaux d'horloge I/Q générés par l'oscillateur LC en quadrature.

MACHINE AND STEAM GENERATOR HAS LAVER/SECHER INCLUDING/UNDERSTANDING THIS ONE.

Générateur de vapeur et machine à laver/sécher comprenant celui-ci, le générateur de vapeur (200) comprenant: un boîtier (210, 220) avec une ouverture (221) sur un côté de celui-ci, une unité de chauffage (231) formée pour pénétrer dans l'ouverture ; et un ensemble de fixation monté au niveau de l'ouverture de manière à étanchéiser l'ouverture et supporter l'unité de chauffage (231), dans lequel l'ensemble de fixation comprend un élément d'étanchéité (233) pour étanchéiser l'ouverture et l'ouverture comprend une partie (222) de protection contre les fuites pour empêcher une formation d'interstice entre l'ouverture (221) et l'élément d'étanchéité (233) quand l'élément d'étanchéité est déformé, en empêchant ainsi une fuite entre l'ouverture du boîtier et un élément d'étanchéité, même si le boîtier ou l'élément d'étanchéité est déformé thermiquement ...

OPTICAL READING DEVICE

CLEANING ROBOT, SYSTEM OF CLEANING ROBOTIZES AND PROCEEDED OF ORDER DECELUI-CI

OPTICAL READING DEVICE

SADDLE OF BICYCLE

PROCESS AND DEVICE TO CODE A VECTOR OF DISPLACEMENT

PROCESS AND DEVICE TO CODE A VECTOR OF DISPLACEMENT

APPARATUS TO PREVENT an ERROR Of AUTOCONVERGENCE IN a RECEIVER DETELEVISION HAS PROJECTION.

APPARATUS TO PREVENT an ERROR Of AUTOCONVERGENCE IN a RECEIVER DETELEVISION HAS PROJECTION.

SADDLE OF BICYCLE

SADDLE OF BICYCLE

OPTICAL READING DEVICE

CLEANING ROBOT, SYSTEM OF CLEANING ROBOTIZES AND PROCEEDED OF ORDER DECELUI-CI

PROCESS AND DEVICE TO CODE A VECTOR OF DISPLACEMENT

OPTICAL READING DEVICE

CLEANING ROBOT, SYSTEM OF CLEANING ROBOTIZES AND PROCEEDED OF ORDER DECELUI-CI

APPARATUS TO PREVENT an ERROR Of AUTOCONVERGENCE IN a RECEIVER DETELEVISION HAS PROJECTION.

CLEANING ROBOT, SYSTEM OF CLEANING ROBOTIZES AND PROCEEDED OF ORDER DECELUI-CI

PROCESS AND DEVICE TO CODE A VECTOR OF DISPLACEMENT

CLEANING ROBOT, SYSTEM OF CLEANING ROBOTIZES AND PROCEEDED OF ORDER DECELUI-CI

SADDLE OF BICYCLE

APPARATUS TO PREVENT an ERROR Of AUTOCONVERGENCE IN a RECEIVER DETELEVISION HAS PROJECTION.

PROCESS AND DEVICE TO CODE A VECTOR OF DISPLACEMENT

CLEANING ROBOT, SYSTEM OF CLEANING ROBOTIZES AND PROCEEDED OF ORDER DECELUI-CI

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING MULTIMEDIA DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL BROADCAST VIDEO

PROCESS TO DETECT a CRACK CROSSING the WALL Of a TUBE AND TO MEASURE LALONGUEUR OF the CROSSING CRACK

ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE DISPLAY

An organic light emitting diode display is disclosed. The organic light emitting diode display includes: a substrate including a first region and a second region, a first gate electrode formed over the first region, a second gate electrode formed over the second region, a first gate insulator formed on the first gate electrode, a second gate insulator formed on the second gate electrode, a first semiconductor layer formed on the first gate insulator, the first semiconductor layer including a first channel region, a second semiconductor layer formed on the second gate insulator, the second semiconductor layer including a second channel region, an interlayer insulator formed over the substrate and over at least part of the first and second semiconductor layers, a first etching stop layer formed over the first channel region and surrounded by the interlayer insulator, a second etching stop layer formed over the second channel region and surrounded by the interlayer insulator, a first source electrode and a first drain electrode contacting the first semiconductor layer through the interlayer insulator, and a second source electrode and a second drain electrode contacting the second semiconductor layer through the interlayer insulator. 1. An organic light emitting diode display , comprising:a substrate including a first region and a second region;a first gate electrode formed over the first region;a second gate electrode formed over the second region;a first gate insulator formed on the first gate electrode;a second gate insulator formed on the second gate electrode;a first semiconductor layer formed on the first gate insulator, the first semiconductor layer comprising a first channel region;a second semiconductor layer formed on the second gate insulator, the second semiconductor layer comprising a second channel region;an interlayer insulator formed over the substrate and over at least part of the first and second semiconductor layers;a first etching stop layer formed ...

Method of Driving Display Panel and Display Apparatus for Performing the Same

A method of driving a display panel includes generating a high pixel gamma voltage and a low pixel gamma voltage. At least one of the high pixel gamma voltage and the low pixel gamma voltage includes a positive gamma voltage and a negative gamma voltage having different values. The positive gamma voltage is a difference between a first gamma voltage higher than a common voltage and the common voltage. The negative gamma voltage is a difference between the common voltage and a second gamma voltage lower than the common voltage. A high pixel data voltage is generated based on the high pixel gamma voltage and the high pixel data voltage output to a high pixel. A low pixel data voltage is generated based on the low pixel gamma voltage and the low pixel data voltage is output to a low pixel. 1. A method of driving a display panel , the method comprising:generating a high pixel gamma voltage and a low pixel gamma voltage wherein at least one of said high pixel gamma voltage and said low pixel gamma voltage has a positive gamma voltage and a negative gamma voltage having different values for the same grayscale, the positive gamma voltage being a difference between a first gamma voltage higher than a common voltage and the common voltage, the negative gamma voltage being a difference between the common voltage and a second gamma voltage lower than the common voltage; andgenerating a high pixel data voltage based on the high pixel gamma voltage;outputting the high pixel data voltage to a high pixel;generating a low pixel data voltage based on the low pixel gamma voltage, andoutputting the low pixel data voltage to a low pixel.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating the high and low pixel gamma voltages includes converting a grayscale of a data signal into a high pixel grayscale and a low pixel grayscale using a lookup table that includes information on the high pixel grayscale and the low pixel grayscale corresponding to the grayscale of the data signal.3. The method ...

METHOD FOR PROVIDING USER INTERFACE AND DISPLAY APPARATUS APPLYING THE SAME

A method for providing a user interface and a display apparatus applying the same are provided. According to the method for providing the user interface, if a flick touch manipulation of a first axis direction is sensed, a category of a displayed content list is changed, so that a user can change the category of the content list. 1. A method for providing a user interface , the method comprising:displaying a content list relating to a plurality of contents on a display apparatus;sensing a touch manipulation while the content list relating to the plurality of contents is displayed;changing a category of the content list which is displayed if the touch manipulation is a flick touch manipulation of a first axis direction; andupdating the content list which is displayed on one page within a current category and displaying the updated content list if the touch manipulation is a flick touch manipulation of a second axis direction is sensed.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the changing the category comprises claim 1 , if the flick touch manipulation of the first axis direction is sensed in a state that a type of content of the content list is selected and a content list relating to the selected type of content is displayed claim 1 , changing a storage medium-based category of the content list which is displayed.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the changing the category comprises claim 1 , if the flick touch manipulation of the first axis direction is sensed in a state that a storage medium of the content list is selected and a content list relating to the selected storage medium is displayed claim 1 , changing a content type-based category of the content list which is displayed.4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the changing the category comprises claim 1 , if the flick touch manipulation of the first axis direction is sensed claim 1 , changing a storage medium to which a displayed content list belongs to another storage medium claim 1 ...

DISPLAY APPARATUS AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF

A display apparatus includes: an image processor; a display unit; a remote controller which includes a touch input unit to detect motion of a user; a remote control signal receiver which receives a remote control signal from the remote controller corresponding to the motion of a user; and a controller which displays the content information window as if the content information window enters from an outside of a display area to an inside of the display area in accordance with the motion that a user moves from an outside of an area of the touch input unit to an inside of the area, or stops displaying the content information window as if the content information window exits from the inside of the display area to the outside of the display area in accordance with the motion that a user moves from the inside of the area of the touch input unit to the outside of the touch input unit. 1. A display apparatus comprising:an image processor which processes an image of at least one of a plurality of contents;a display unit which displays the image and a content information window comprising information of the at least one of the plurality of contents;a remote controller which is remote from the display unit and comprises a touch input unit to detect a motion of a user;a remote control signal receiver which receives a remote control signal from the remote controller corresponding to the motion of the user; anda controller which starts displaying the content information window when the motion of the user moves from an outside of the touch input unit to an inside of the touch input unit, and which stops displaying the content information window when the motion of the user moves from the inside of the touch input unit to the outside of the touch input unit.2. The display apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the remote controller detects a first touch input of the user claim 1 , andwherein the controller groups a plurality of user interface (UI) items representing the plurality ...

METHOD FOR ZAPPING CONTENTS AND DISPLAY APPARATUS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE SAME

A content zapping method for accessing multimedia contents rapidly and easily by accessing the multimedia contents on a browser basis, includes receiving a screen change command for at least one broadcast channel or at least one content; and changing a screen to a browser which provides the at least one broadcast channel or the at least one content corresponding to the received screen change command, in an order of a pre-stored list. 1. A content zapping method of a display apparatus , the method comprising:receiving a screen change command for at least one broadcast channel or at least one content; andchanging a screen to a browser which provides the at least one broadcast channel or the at least one content corresponding to the received screen change command, in an order of a pre-stored list.2. The content zapping method of claim 1 , further comprising:when the screen change command is information relating to a recently viewed list, displaying the recently viewed list which comprises at least one of a recently viewed broadcast channel, a recently viewed content stored in the display apparatus, and a recently viewed external source content.3. The content zapping method of claim 2 , wherein the recently viewed list is displayed in a thumbnail form.4. The content zapping method of claim 2 , wherein the recently viewed list comprises information relating to a recently played end time of at least one of the broadcast channel claim 2 , the content stored inside claim 2 , and the external source content.5. The content zapping method of claim 1 , wherein the browser comprises at least one of a video browser claim 1 , a music browser claim 1 , and a photo browser.6. The content zapping method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one content is provided together with contents of a same type as the at least one content through the browser corresponding to the at least one content type.7. The content zapping method of claim 1 , wherein the browser provides the at least one ...

Organic light emitting diode display device and manufacturing method thereof

An OLED display includes a first polysilicon layer pattern on a substrate having a first gate electrode, a second gate electrode, and a first capacitor electrode, a gate insulating layer pattern, a second polysilicon layer pattern including a first active layer, a second active layer, and a capacitor polycrystalline dummy layer, a third amorphous silicon layer pattern including first source and drain resistant contact layers on a predetermined region of the first active layer, second source and drain resistant contact layers on a predetermined region of the second active layer, and a capacitor amorphous dummy layer on the capacitor polycrystalline dummy layer, and a data metal layer pattern including first source/drain electrodes, second source/drain electrodes, and a second capacitor electrode. 1. An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display , comprising:a first polysilicon layer pattern on a substrate, the first polysilicon layer pattern being impurity-doped and including a first gate electrode, a second gate electrode, and a first capacitor electrode;a gate insulating layer pattern on the first polysilicon layer pattern;a second polysilicon layer pattern including a first active layer, a second active layer, and a capacitor polycrystalline dummy layer on respective first gate electrode, second gate electrode, and first capacitor electrode;a third amorphous silicon layer pattern, the third amorphous silicon layer pattern being impurity-doped and including first source and drain resistant contact layers on a predetermined region of the first active layer, second source and drain resistant contact layers on a predetermined region of the second active layer, and a capacitor amorphous dummy layer on the capacitor polycrystalline dummy layer; anda data metal layer pattern including a first source electrode, a first drain electrode, a second source electrode, a second drain electrode, and a second capacitor electrode on respective first source resistant contact layer, ...

TELEVISION CONTROL METHOD

A method is provided for controlling a television including a user input part for manipulating a channel adjusting item. The method includes displaying a channel map showing a predetermined number of channels including a tuned broadcast channel if the channel adjusting item is selected through the user input part, and a channel setting information menu corresponding to one of the channels shown in the channel map. Thus, the television control method not only allows a user to easily and simply recognize a channel setting state according to channels when the user wants to adjust channel-related functions, but also allows a user to conveniently and effectively adjust the channel setting state according to the channels. 1. A method of controlling a display device comprising a user input part for manipulating a channel adjusting item , the method comprising:displaying a channel map showing a predetermined number of channels including a current broadcast channel if the channel adjusting item is selected through the user input part, and a channel setting information menu corresponding to one of a plurality of channels shown in the channel map and comprising one or more settings adjustable through the user input part;determining whether a predetermined period of time elapses in a state that a pointing highlight on the channel map is stopped at the channel in the case where the pointing highlight is moved on the channel map as the user input part is manipulated; anddisplaying the channel pointed by the pointing highlight if the predetermined period of time elapses in the state that the pointing highlight is stopped.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the channel setting information menu comprises:at least one of a channel name item to adjust a name of the channel;a channel add or erase item showing an add or erase state of the channel and adding or erasing the channel;a preference channel item showing whether the channel is set as a preference channel and setting ...

Optical waveguide structure having angled mirror and lens

The present disclosure relates to a planar optical waveguide element, and more particularly, to an optical waveguide end structure for effective optical signal connection with a light source, a light receiving element, or a different type of optical waveguide element. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, there is disclosed an optical waveguide structure, including: a planar optical waveguide including a lower clad, a waveguide core formed on the lower clad, and a clad layer formed on the waveguide core; and an optical lens formed on a surface of the clad layer. One end of the optical waveguide forms an inclined surface having a predetermined inclination angle.

OPTICAL MODULE COMPRISING OPTICAL HYBRID USING METAL OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE AND PHOTO DETECTOR

An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides an optical module including: an optical hybrid including a metal optical waveguide; a photo detector configured to receive light; and a platform including an optical hybrid supporting section for supporting the optical hybrid, a photo detector supporting section for supporting the photo detector, and an inclined surface configured to change a propagation direction of light emitted from the optical hybrid, and configured to combine the optical hybrid and the photo detector. 1. An optical module , comprising:an optical hybrid including a metal optical waveguide;a photo detector configured to receive light; anda platform including an optical hybrid supporting section for supporting the optical hybrid, a photo detector supporting section for supporting the photo detector, and an inclined surface configured to change a propagation direction of light emitted from the optical hybrid, and configured to combine the optical hybrid and the photo detector.2. The optical module of claim 1 , wherein the inclined surface of the platform forms 45 degrees to a plane of the optical hybrid supporting section.3. The optical module of claim 1 , wherein the photo detector includes a photo detector substrate claim 1 , and a light absorbing unit formed on at least a portion of the photo detector substrate.4. The optical module of claim 3 , wherein the photo detector substrate contains indium phosphide (InP) and the light absorbing unit contains indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs).5. The optical module of claim 3 , wherein at least a portion of the photo detector substrate is attached onto the photo detector supporting section of the platform claim 3 , the light absorbing unit is formed on the photo detector substrate to receive light reflected from the inclined surface of the platform claim 3 , and the reflected light is received by the photo detector through the photo detector substrate.6. The optical module of claim 3 , further ...

HOST CELLS AND METHODS OF USE

The present invention provides genetically modified strains wherein at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding a functional gene product and/or at least one nucleic acid sequence necessary for expression of at least one functional gene product in said strain is genetically modified, wherein said gene product is responsible for proteolysis and/or glycosylation in said genetically modified strain. In particular, strains are provided wherein nucleic acid sequence encoding a functional gene product or expression of said gene product are genetically modified: PEP4, PRB1, YPS1, YPS2, YMP1, YMP2, YMP3 and PMT4. Also provided herein are genetically modified host cells wherein wild type parent of said genetically modified host cell comprises a gene encoding a polypeptide having at least 60% sequence identity to amino acids 1-865 of SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6 and SEQ ID NO:8 wherein said gene is genetically modified in the genome of said host cell such that the gene product is reduced or eliminated in said genetically modified host cell compared with said wild type host cell. 1PichiaPichiaPichia. A genetically modified strain wherein at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding a functional gene product and/or at least one nucleic acid sequence necessary for expression of at least one functional gene product in said strain is genetically modified , wherein said gene product is responsible for proteolysis and/or glycosylation in said genetically modified strain.2Pichia. The genetically modified strain of claim 1 , wherein at least one nucleic acid sequences encoding at least one of the following functional gene product or expression of said gene product is genetically modified: PEP4 claim 1 , PRB1 claim 1 , YPS1 claim 1 , YPS2 claim 1 , YMP1 claim 1 , YMP2 claim 1 , YMP3 claim 1 , DAP2 claim 1 , GRH1 claim 1 , PRD1 claim 1 , YSP3 claim 1 , and PRB3.3PichiaPichia. The genetically modified strain of claim 1 , wherein said strain produces a reduced amount claim 1 , none and/or a ...

ZIRCONIUM ALLOY COMPOSITIONS HAVING EXCELLENT CORROSION RESISTANCE BY THE CONTROL OF VARIOUS METAL-OXIDE AND PRECIPITATE AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

Disclosed herein are a zirconium alloy composition, which exhibits excellent corrosion resistance by varying the kinds of metal oxides and controlling the size of precipitates of the composition, including: 1.05˜1.45 wt % of Nb; one or more selected from the group consisting of 0.1˜0.7 wt % of Fe and 0.05˜0.6 wt % of Cr; and residual Zr, and a method of preparing the same. The zirconium alloy composition exhibits excellent corrosion resistance by controlling the kinds and amounts of the elements included in the zirconium alloy composition and the heat-treatment temperature and thus varying the kinds of metal oxides formed during an oxidation process and controlling the size of precipitates of the zirconium alloy, so that it can be usefully used as a raw material for nuclear fuel cladding tubes, spacer grids, nuclear reactor internals and the like of a light-water reactor or a heavy-water reactor in a nuclear power plant. 1. A zirconium alloy composition , which exhibits excellent corrosion resistance by varying the kinds of metal oxides and controlling the size of precipitates of the composition , comprising:1.05˜1.45 wt % of Nb;one or more selected from the group consisting of 0.1˜0.7 wt % of Fe and 0.05˜0.6 wt % of Cr; andresidual Zr.2. The zirconium alloy composition according to claim 1 , further comprising: 0.12 wt % of Sn.3. The zirconium alloy composition according to claim 1 , wherein the zirconium alloy composition comprises: 1.15˜1.25 wt % of Nb claim 1 , 0.12˜0.45 wt % of Fe claim 1 , and residual Zr.4. The zirconium alloy composition according to claim 3 , further comprising: 0.12 wt % of Sn.5. The zirconium alloy composition according to claim 1 , wherein the zirconium alloy composition comprises: 1.15˜1.25 wt % of Nb claim 1 , 0.05˜0.45 wt % of Cr claim 1 , and residual Zr.6. The zirconium alloy composition according to claim 5 , further comprising: 0.12 wt % of Sn.7. The zirconium alloy composition according to claim 1 , wherein the zirconium alloy ...

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY TO INCREASE SIDE VIEW VISIBILITY

Provided is a liquid crystal display to provide improved transmittance and visibility includes a first substrate; a first switching element and a second switching element formed on the first substrate configured to be switched by the same signal; a first subpixel electrode connected to the first switching element; a second subpixel electrode connected to the second switching element; a third switching element connected to the second switching element; a third subpixel electrode connected to the third switching element; a second substrate; a common electrode formed on the second substrate; and a liquid crystal layer formed between the first substrate and the second substrate. 1. A liquid crystal display , comprising:a first substrate;a first switching element and a second switching element formed on the first substrate and configured to be switched by the same signal;a first subpixel electrode connected to the first switching element;a second subpixel electrode connected to the second switching element;a third switching element connected to the second switching element;a third subpixel electrode connected to the third switching element;a second substrate;a common electrode formed on the second substrate; anda liquid crystal layer formed between the first substrate and the second substrate.2. The liquid crystal display of claim 1 , further comprising:a first gate line, a second gate line, and a data line formed on the first substrate,wherein the first switching element and the second switching element are connected to the first gate line and the data line; andthe third switching element is configured to be switched by a signal received from the second gate line.3. The liquid crystal display of claim 1 , wherein the first subpixel electrode claim 1 , the second subpixel electrode claim 1 , and the third subpixel electrode are formed directly on the same layer.4. The liquid crystal display of claim 3 , wherein the first subpixel electrode claim 3 , the second subpixel ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING COHERENT OPTICAL OFDM

Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for transmitting and receiving coherent optical OFDM. The apparatus includes: a transmitted OFDM digital signal processing unit outputting an in-phase (I) component digital signal and a quadrature phase (Q) component digital signal; a digital-analog converter converting the in-phase (I)-component digital signal and the quadrature-phase (Q)-component digital signal into an in-phase (I)-component analog signal and a quadrature-phase (Q)-component analog signal, respectively; an adder adding an additional pilot tone signal to each of the in-phase (I)-component analog signal and the quadrature-phase (Q)-component analog signal outputted from the digital-analog converter; and an optical I/Q modulator up-converting the in-phase (I)-component analog signal added with the additional pilot tone signal and the quadrature-phase (Q)-component analog signal added with the additional pilot tone signal to an optical domain to output a coherent optical OFDM signal including the additional pilot tone signal. 1. An apparatus for transmitting coherent optical OFDM , comprising:a transmitted OFDM digital signal processing unit outputting an in-phase (I) component digital signal and a quadrature phase (Q) component digital signal;a digital-analog converter converting the in-phase (I)-component digital signal and the quadrature-phase (Q)-component digital signal into an in-phase (I)-component analog signal and a quadrature-phase (Q)-component analog signal, respectively;an adder adding an additional pilot tone signal to each of the in-phase (I)-component analog signal and the quadrature-phase (Q)-component analog signal outputted from the digital-analog converter; andan optical I/Q modulator up-converting the in-phase (I)-component analog signal added with the additional pilot tone signal and the quadrature-phase (Q)-component analog signal added with the additional pilot tone signal to an optical domain to output a coherent optical OFDM signal ...

METHOD OF FABRICATING AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE

A method includes: forming an epitaxy wafer by growing a light absorbing layer, a grading layer, an electric field buffer layer, and an amplifying layer on the front surface of a substrate in sequence; forming a diffusion control layer on the amplifying layer; forming a protective layer for protecting the diffusion control layer on the diffusion control layer; forming an etching part by etching from the protective layer to a predetermined depth of the amplifying layer; forming a first patterning part by patterning the protective layer; forming a junction region and a guardring region at the amplifying layer by diffusing a diffusion material to the etching part and the first patterning part; removing the diffusion control layer and the protective layer and forming a first electrode connected to the junction region on the amplifying layer; and forming a second electrode on the rear surface of the substrate. 1. A method of fabricating an avalanche photodiode , comprising:forming an epitaxy wafer by growing a light absorbing layer, a grading layer, an electric field buffer layer, and an amplifying layer on the front surface of a substrate in sequence;forming a diffusion control layer on the amplifying layer;forming a protective layer for protecting the diffusion control layer on the diffusion control layer;forming an etching part by etching from the protective layer to a predetermined depth of the amplifying layer;forming a first patterning part by patterning the protective layer;forming a junction region and a guardring region at the amplifying layer by diffusing a diffusion material to the etching part and the first patterning part;removing the diffusion control layer and the protective layer and forming a first electrode connected to the junction region on the amplifying layer; andforming a second electrode on the rear surface of the substrate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the diffusion control layer is formed of Group III-V compounds.3. The method of claim 1 , ...

DYNAMIC RANGE THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE SYSTEM

Disclosed is a system of a dynamic range three-dimensional image, including: an optical detector including a gain control terminal capable of controlling an optical amplification gain; a pixel detecting module for detecting a pixel signal for configuring an image by receiving an output of the optical detector; a high dynamic range (HDR) generating module for acquiring a dynamic range image by generating a signal indicating a saturation degree of the pixel signal and combining the pixel signal based on the pixel signal detected by the pixel detecting module; and a gain control signal generating module generating an output signal for supplying required voltage to the gain control terminal of the optical detector based on the magnitude of the signal indicating the saturation degree of the pixel signal. 1. A dynamic range three-dimensional image system , comprising:an optical detector including a gain control terminal capable of controlling an optical amplification gain;a pixel detecting module for detecting a pixel signal for configuring an image by receiving an output of the optical detector;a high dynamic range (HDR) generating module for acquiring a dynamic range image by generating a signal indicating a saturation degree of the pixel signal and combining the pixel signal based on the pixel signal detected by the pixel detecting module; anda gain control signal generating module generating an output signal for supplying required voltage to the gain control terminal of the optical detector based on a magnitude of the signal indicating the saturation degree of the pixel signal.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein if it is judged that the pixel signal is saturated based on the signal indicating the saturation degree of the pixel signal received from the HDR generating module claim 1 , the output signal of the gain control signal generating module is generated to decrease a gain of the optical detector.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein if it is judged that the saturation ...

Printed circuit board and method for manufacturing the same

Disclosed herein are a printed circuit board and a method for manufacturing the same. The printed circuit board includes: a base substrate having a metal pattern for a circuit; and a surface roughness provided on the metal pattern, wherein the surface roughness has a first surface roughness in an anchor structure and a second surface roughness having a black oxide layer in a needle structure formed on the first surface roughness.

CONTROL DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROL OF BROADCAST RECEIVER

A control device is provided. The control device includes a first communication interface unit which transmits a control command in a first communication mode which uses a bi-directional wireless communication, a second communication interface unit which transmits a control command in a second communication mode which uses a unidirectional wireless communication, a state determination unit which determines a communication mode of the control device, a user interface unit which displays a user interface window which corresponds to a determined communication mode and receives the control command with respect to a broadcast receiver and a control unit which transmits the received control command according to the determined communication mode. 1. A control device which controls a broadcast receiver , comprising:a first communication interface unit which transmits a control command to the broadcast receiver in a first communication mode which uses a bi-directional wireless communication;a second communication interface unit which transmits the control command to the broadcast receiver in a second communication mode which uses a unidirectional wireless communication;a state determination unit which determines a communication mode of the control device;a user interface unit which displays a user interface window which corresponds to the determined communication mode of the control device and receives a control command for the broadcast receiver; anda control unit which transmits the received control command according to the determined communication mode.2. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the state determination unit determines the communication mode of the control device to be the second communication mode if determined that the control device cannot communicate via the first communication mode claim 1 , and determines the communication mode of the control device to be the first communication mode if determined that the control device can communicate via the ...

CONTROL DEVICE, BROADCAST RECEIVER, METHOD FOR CONTROLLING BROADCAST RECEIVER, AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING SERVICE

A control device is provided. The control device includes a communication interface unit which requests and receives menu information from a broadcast receiver, a determination unit which determines a control mode of the control device, a user interface unit which displays the received menu information in a user interface window according to the determined control mode, and a control unit which, if a command to control the broadcast receiver is input through the user interface unit, controls the communication interface unit to transmit the input control command to the broadcast receiver. 1. A control device which controls a broadcast receiver , comprising:a communication interface unit which requests and receives menu information from the broadcast receiver;a determination unit which determines a control mode of the control device;a user interface unit including a user interface window which displays the received menu information according to the determined control mode; anda control unit which, if a control command of the broadcast receiver is input through the user interface unit, controls the communication interface unit to transmit the input control command to the broadcast receiver.2. The control device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the control mode includes at least one of a first control mode in which only an area for receiving a command to control the broadcast receiver is displayed on the user interface window and a second control mode in which the received menu information is displayed on the user interface window.3. The control device as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the determination unit controls the user interface unit to display a user interface window for receiving at least one of the first control mode and the second control mode and determines the control mode through the displayed user interface window.4. The control device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the determination unit identifies a grip direction of a user with respect to a control ...

CONTROL DEVICE AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING BROADCAST RECEIVER

A control device is provided. The control device includes a user interface unit in which information of a broadcast receiver controlled through unidirectional wireless communication is entered, a searching unit which searches an infrared (IR) code set corresponding the broadcast receiver based on the entered information, a managing unit which registers the broadcast receiver as a controllable broadcast receiver within a home network based on the searched IR code set, and a first communication interface unit which, if a control signal for the registered broadcast receiver is received, transmits an IR code corresponding to the control signal from the IR code set corresponding to the registered broadcast receiver to the registered broadcasting receiver. 1. A control device which controls broadcast receivers , comprising:a user interface unit which receives information of a broadcast receiver;a searching unit which searches an infrared (IR) code set corresponding to the broadcast receiver based on the received information;a managing unit which registers the broadcast receiver as a controllable broadcast receiver based on the searched IR code set; anda first communication interface unit which, if a control signal for the registered broadcast receiver is input, transmits an IR code from the IR code set corresponding to the control signal to the registered broadcasting receiver.2. The control device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the user interface unit generates a user interface window including at least one of a first region to select and display a kind of broadcast receiver claim 1 , a second region to select and display a manufacturer of the broadcast receiver and a third region to select and display a model of the broadcast receiver.3. The control device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:a storage unit which stores a user interface window corresponding to the registered broadcast receiver; anda control unit which controls the user interface unit to display ...

PRE-EMPHASIS CIRCUIT AND DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT SIGNALING SYSTEM HAVING THE SAME

Provided is a pre-emphasis circuit which transmits a pre-emphasis output current to an output node of an output driver in response to first to fourth pre-emphasis control signals generated by a logical operation on differential input signals. The pre-emphasis circuit includes: a first pre-emphasis circuit driven in a range between a first voltage and a second voltage and configured to generate a first pre-emphasis output current in response to the first and second pre-emphasis control signals and output the generated first pre-emphasis output current to a first output node of the output driver; and a second pre-emphasis circuit driven in the range between the first voltage and the second voltage and configured to generate a second pre-emphasis output current in response to the third and fourth pre-emphasis control signals and output the generated second pre-emphasis output current to a second output node of the output driver. 1. A pre-emphasis circuit which transmits a pre-emphasis output current to an output node of an output driver in response to first to fourth pre-emphasis control signals generated by a logical operation on differential input signals , the pre-emphasis circuit comprising:a first pre-emphasis circuit driven in a range between a first voltage and a second voltage and configured to generate a first pre-emphasis output current in response to the first and second pre-emphasis control signals and output the generated first pre-emphasis output current to a first output node of the output driver; anda second pre-emphasis circuit driven in the range between the first voltage and the second voltage and configured to generate a second pre-emphasis output current in response to the third and fourth pre-emphasis control signals and output the generated second pre-emphasis output current to a second output node of the output driver.2. The pre-emphasis circuit of claim 1 , wherein the first pre-emphasis circuit comprises:a first switch having a first terminal ...

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate, a gate line and first and second data lines disposed on the first substrate, a first thin film transistor connected to the gate line and the first data line, a second thin film transistor connected to the gate line and the second data line, a color filter disposed on the first substrate, a protrusion disposed on the color filter, a first pixel electrode including a first linear electrode disposed on the protrusion and connected to the first thin film transistor, a second pixel electrode including a second linear electrode disposed on the protrusion and connected to the second thin film transistor, a second substrate disposed facing the first substrate, and blue phase liquid crystal disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. 1. A method of manufacturing a display device , the method comprising:forming an organic film pattern by stacking and patterning an organic material on an insulation substrate;stacking a first layer on the organic film pattern and the insulation substrate;exposing the organic film pattern and the first layer, from a rear surface of the insulation substrate with ultraviolet rays, using the organic film pattern as a mask; andpatterning the first layer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic film pattern is hard-baked claim 1 , or a surface treatment of the organic film pattern is performed.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the surface treatment is performed with one of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) claim 2 , which is a strong alkali organic solvent claim 2 , metyl n-butyl ketone (MBK) claim 2 , which is an organic solvent for a resin claim 2 , and acetone.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first layer has photosensitivity.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising stacking a photoresist on the first layer; andpatterning the photoresist by developing, after exposing the rear surface, wherein the patterning of the first layer comprises etching the first layer using ...

POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FOR A FUEL CELL, AND METHOD FOR PREPARING SAME

The present disclosure relates to a polymer electrolyte membrane having a construction wherein an ionomer is charged in pores of a nanoweb having a high melting point, being insoluble in an organic solvent and having excellent pore characteristics, under optimum conditions. Therefore, an overall thickness of the electrolyte membrane may be reduced, thereby attaining advantages such as decrease in ohmic loss, reduction of material costs, excellent heat resistance, low thickness expansion rate which in turn prevents proton conductivity from being deteriorated over a long term. The polymer electrolyte membrane of the present invention comprises a porous nanoweb having a melting point of 300□ or more and being insoluble in an organic solvent of NMP, DMF, DMA, or DMSO at room temperature; and an ionomer which is charged in pores of the porous nanoweb and contains a hydrocarbon material soluble in the organic solvent at room temperature. 1. A polymer electrolyte membrane , comprising:a porous nanoweb having a melting point of 300□ or more and being insoluble in an organic solvent of NMP, DMF, DMA or DMSO, at room temperature; andan ionomer which is charged in pores of the porous nanoweb and contains a hydrocarbon material soluble in the organic solvent at room temperature.2. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer electrolyte membrane has a thickness expansion rate of 10% or less.3. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness ratio of the nanoweb measured by the following equation is 20% or more:{'br': None, 'i': A', 'B+C, 'Thickness ratio of nanoweb=[/()]×100'}wherein A is an average thickness of an nanoweb, B is an average thickness of a top ionomer, and C is an average thickness of a bottom ionomer.4. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoweb includes polyimide claim 1 , polybenzoxazole claim 1 , or a copolymer or mixture thereof.5. The polymer electrolyte membrane ...

Thin film transistor substrate, method of manufacturing the same, and display apparatus having the same

In a method of manufacturing a thin film transistor substrate, a semiconductor pattern is formed on a substrate, a first etch stop layer and a second etch stop layer are sequentially formed on the semiconductor pattern, and the second etch stop layer and the first etch stop layer are sequentially patterned to form a second etch stop pattern and a first etch stop pattern. Thus, when the second etch stop layer is patterned using an etchant, the first etch stop layer covers the semiconductor pattern, thereby preventing the semiconductor pattern from being etched by the etchant.

ZR-TI-NI (CU) BASED BRAZING FILLER ALLOY COMPOSITIONS WITH LOWER MELTING POINT FOR THE BRAZING OF TITANIUM ALLOYS

Zr—Ti—Ni(Cu)-based filler alloy composition having low melting point for brazing titanium and titanium alloys is expressed as: ZrTiNi(Formula 1) where a,b and c denote atomic % of Zr, Ti and Ni, respectively; 47≦a≦52; 24≦b≧30; 22≦c≦26; and 0.3 Подробнее

SPLIT MASK AND ASSEMBLING APPARATUS FOR ASSEMBLING A MASK FRAME ASSEMBLY INCLUDING THE SPLIT MASK

Provided is a split mask including a stick main body in which a deposition pattern is formed, a clamping portion extending from opposing ends of the stick main body away from the stick main body, wherein the clamping portion includes a first clamping portion extending horizontally from the stick main body, and a second clamping portion extending diagonally from the stick main body. 1. A split mask , comprising:a stick main body in which a deposition pattern is formed; anda clamping portion extending from opposing ends of the stick main body away from the stick main body,wherein the clamping portion includes a first clamping portion extending horizontally from the stick main body, and a second clamping portion extending diagonally from the stick main body.2. The split mask of claim 1 , wherein the first clamping portion includes first and second extensions extending from an inner portion of each of the opposing ends claim 1 , and the second clamping portion includes first and second extensions extending from outer most portions of each of the opposing ends.3. The split mask of claim 2 , wherein the first and second extensions of the first clamping part and the first and second extensions of the second clamping part may be symmetrically disposed with respect to a horizontal center of the stick main body.4. An assembly apparatus for assembling a mask frame assembly claim 2 , the assembly apparatus comprising:a first tensioning instrument detachably connected to a first clamping portion, the first clamping portion extending from an inner portion of an end of a stick main body of a split mask, the first tensioning instrument configured to apply tension along the length of stick main body; anda second tensioning instrument detachably connected to a second clamping portion, the second clamping portion extending from an outer most portion of the end of the stick main body, the second tensioning instrument configured to apply tension along the width of the stick main body.5. ...

MASK STICK AND METHOD OF ASSEMBLING A MASK FRAME ASSEMBLY BY USING THE MASK STICK

A mask stick including a main body part having a pattern formed therein, one or more side clamping parts extending from a side of the main body part, and a slant clamping part disposed adjacent an outermost one of the one or more side clamping parts, wherein an angle (θ) between the slant clamping part and the outermost side clamping parts is greater than 0° and less than 90° (0°<θ<90°). 1. A mask stick comprising:a main body part having a pattern formed therein;one or more side clamping parts extending from a side of the main body part; anda slant clamping part disposed adjacent an outermost one of the one or more side clamping parts,wherein an angle (θ) between the slant clamping part and the outermost side clamping parts is greater than 0° and less than 90° (0°<θ<90°).2. The mask stick of claim 1 , wherein the one or more side clamping parts extend horizontally from the main body part.3. The mask stick of claim 2 , wherein the one or more side clamping parts include:one or more first side clamping parts extending from a first end of the main body part; andone or more second side clamping parts extending from a second end of the main body part, the second end opposing the first end.4. The mask stick of claim 3 , wherein a number of the one or more first side clamping parts is equal to a number of the one or more second side clamping parts.5. The mask stick of claim 3 , wherein the one or more first side clamping parts are spaced equally from each other.6. The mask stick of claim 3 , wherein the one or more second side clamping parts are spaced equally from each other.7. The mask stick of claim 3 , wherein spaces between the one or more first side clamping parts are equal to spaces between the one or more second side clamping parts.8. The mask stick of claim 3 , wherein the one or more first side clamping parts and the one or more second side clamping parts are at corresponding positions at the opposing ends of the mask stick.9. The mask stick of claim 3 , wherein ...

BACKLIGHT ASSEMBLY AND DISPLAY APPARATUS HAVING THE SAME

A backlight assembly includes a light guide plate, a light source module spaced apart by a gap from the guide plate, a receiving container and a gap adjusting element. The gap adjusting element is inter-coupled between the receiving container and the light source module and is actuatable to adjust the gap distance between the light source module and the light guide plate. Accordingly, a display quality may be prevented from being decreased, and the productivity may be enhanced. 1. A backlight assembly comprising:a light guide plate comprising an incident surface into which a sourced external light is to be applied;a light source module comprising a plurality of light sources facing the incident surface of the light guide plate, the light source module being spaced apart from the incident surface by at least a first gap distance;a receiving container comprising a bottom surface and a sidewall extending from the bottom surface to form a receiving space, the receiving space receiving the light guide plate and the light source module; anda gap adjusting element operatively inter-coupled between the receiving container and the light source module, the inter-coupling being an adjustable one that can be actuated to adjust at least the spacing apart first gap distance between the light source module and the light guide plate.2. The backlight assembly of claim 1 , wherein the light source module further comprises:a light source supporting substrate mounting the light sources, and facing the incident surface of the light guide plate; andan extrusion bar comprising first and second frame sections, the first frame section being formed along a first direction substantially parallel with the bottom surface of the receiving container, the second frame section extending from the first frame section along a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction.3. The backlight assembly of claim 2 , wherein the light source supporting substrate is disposed on the second ...

MULTIMEDIA-DATA-PROCESSING METHOD

The present invention relates to a multimedia-data-processing method which enables a media graph to always be constructed in a “connection without negotiation” manner, on the basis of an already known media graph construction, and thus provides a media framework in which procedures for connecting components are minimized, thereby improving the performance of a system and satisfying the requests of an OS platform builder and a media application developer. The multimedia-data-processing method of the present invention is performed by a multimedia framework, and comprises: (a) a step of receiving component information required for the construction of the media graph and component connection information from a media application; and (b) a step of ensuring that the media graph is constructed by the content received in step (a), and that the media graph waits for a rendering command, thereby eliminating the necessity of permitting the media application to check the construction of the media graph. 1. A method of processing multimedia data by a multimedia framework , which allows a media application to omit checking of a construction of a media graph , the method comprising the steps of:(a) receiving information on a component and connection information on the component required for construction of a media graph from the media application; and(b) ensuring that the media graph is constructed according to contents received in the step of (a) and that the media graph waits for a rendering command.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein in the step of (a) claim 1 , the information on the component and the connection information on the component are directly received.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein in the step of (a) claim 1 , the information on the component and the connection information on the component are received through preset file information containing the information on the component and the connection information on the component.4. The method as ...

LENS PANEL, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE LENS PANEL, DISPLAY APPARATUS HAVING THE LENS PANEL, DISPLAY PANEL, A METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE DISPLAY PANEL AND A DISPLAY APPARATUS HAVING THE DISPLAY PANEL

A lens panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate includes a first base substrate, a first electrode formed on the first base substrate, and a first alignment layer formed on the first electrode. The first alignment layer includes a plurality of unit alignment areas forming a lens unit and is aligned to have a first azimuth angle and a plurality of first polarized angles. The first polarized angles vary in the unit alignment area. The second substrate includes a second base substrate, a second electrode formed on the second base substrate, and a second alignment layer aligned to have a second azimuth angle and a second polarized angle. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. 1. A lens panel comprising: a first base substrate,', 'a first electrode disposed on the first base substrate, and', 'a first alignment layer disposed on the first electrode, the first alignment layer comprising a plurality of unit alignment areas that form a lens unit, and each of the plurality of unit alignment areas having a first azimuth angle and a plurality of first polarized angles, the first polarized angles varying in the unit alignment area;, 'a first substrate comprising a second base substrate,', 'a second electrode formed on the second base substrate, and', 'a second alignment layer having a second azimuth angle and a second polarized angle; and, 'a second substrate comprisinga liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.2. The lens panel of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of first polarized angles increase in value as positioned closer to a center of the corresponding lens unit.3. The lens panel of claim 2 , wherein an increase rate of the first polarized angles decreases closer to the center of the corresponding lens unit.4. The lens panel of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of first polarized angles decrease in value between adjacent ...

ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE DISPLAY AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE DISPLAY

A method of manufacturing an OLED display includes: forming an organic light emitting element on a first substrate; forming, on the organic light emitting element, a thin film encapsulation layer that seals the organic light emitting element with the first substrate; providing a second substrate; forming a flexible protection layer on the second substrate; attaching the first substrate and the second substrate to each other; and separating the second substrate from the flexible protection layer. 1. A method of manufacturing an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display , the method comprising:forming an organic light emitting element on a first substrate;forming, on the organic light emitting element, a thin film encapsulation layer that seals the organic light emitting element with the first substrate;providing a second substrate;forming a flexible protection layer on the second substrate;attaching the first substrate and the second substrate to each other; andseparating the second substrate from the flexible protection layer.2. The method of manufacturing of claim 1 , wherein the flexible protection layer comprises resin.3. The method of manufacturing of claim 1 , wherein forming the flexible protection layer on the second substrate comprises forming a sacrificial layer between the second substrate and the flexible protection layer claim 1 , and wherein separating the second substrate from the flexible protection layer comprises removing the sacrificial layer.4. The method of manufacturing of claim 1 , further comprising forming the first substrate on a mother board and separating the mother board from the first substrate claim 1 , wherein the first substrate comprises flexible resin.5. The method of manufacturing of claim 1 , wherein the thin film encapsulation layer comprises a single-layered inorganic layer.6. An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display manufactured by the method of manufacturing of .7. The OLED display of claim 6 , wherein the flexible ...

Circuit and method for preventing false lock and delay locked loop using the same

The present invention relates to a false lock prevention circuit and method which is used to cause a delayed locked loop (DLL) to escape from false lock such as harmonic lock or stuck lock, when the false lock occurred in the DLL, and a DLL using the same. The false lock prevention circuit includes a harmonic lock detector configured to detect harmonic lock and a stuck lock detector configured to detect stuck lock. The harmonic lock detector includes a plurality of flip-flops configured to sample a plurality of delayed clocks and a logic unit. The harmonic lock detector compares a reference clock signal with the plurality of delayed clock signals, and detects whether or not the positive edges deviate from one cycle of the reference clock signal.

LENS PANEL, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING LENS PANEL, AND DISPLAY APPARATUS HAVING LENS PANEL

A lens panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate includes a first base substrate, a first electrode disposed on the first base substrate, and a first alignment layer disposed on the first electrode. The first alignment layer includes a unit lens area. The unit lens area includes a first alignment area having a first azimuthal angle and a second alignment area having a second azimuthal angle. The lens panel may be controlled to function as a Fresnel lens by adjusting the azimuthal angle of the alignment layer without electrodes having micro pitch patterns 1. A lens panel comprising:a first substrate comprising a first base substrate, a first electrode disposed on the first base substrate, and a first alignment layer disposed on the first electrode, the first alignment layer comprising a unit lens area, the unit lens area comprising a first alignment area having a first azimuthal angle and a second alignment area having a second azimuthal angle;a second substrate comprising a second base substrate, a second electrode disposed on the second base substrate, and a second alignment layer disposed on the second electrode and having a third azimuthal angle; anda liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.2. The lens panel of claim 1 , wherein a difference between the first azimuthal angle and the second azimuthal angle is about 180°.3. The lens panel of claim 1 , wherein the third azimuthal angle is substantially perpendicular to the first azimuthal angle and the second azimuthal angle.4. The lens panel of claim 1 , wherein the first alignment area and the second alignment area are alternately disposed with each other in the unit lens area.5. The lens panel of claim 4 , wherein widths of the first alignment area and the second alignment area increase as the first alignment area and the second alignment area get closer to a central portion of the unit lens area.6. The lens ...

TRANSMISSION BEAMFORMING METHOD AND APPARATUS IN AN ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING-BASED MIMO WIRELESS SYSTEM

The present invention relates to a transmission beamforming method and apparatus in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based MIMO wireless system. In particular, the present invention relates to a transmission beamforming method in an OFDM-based MIMO wireless system and an apparatus therefor, wherein the transmission beamforming method comprises: estimating a channel from a received pilot signal and obtaining time for the estimating channel and 2D channel correlation information of a frequency band; obtaining estimated channel information based on the channel correlation information; obtaining differential information that represents a difference between the current channel and the estimated channel and quantizing the differential information; and generating a transmission beam weight by using a predefined code book from the quantized differential information. The present invention may also provide a method and apparatus for reducing the channel quantization error and feedback load by employing the OFDM-based MIMO in a wireless communication system using a transmission beamforming scheme, wherein a receiver estimates current channel information by using time and 2D channel correlation information of a frequency based on the previous channel information, compares the estimated current channel information with an actual channel and then feeds back the differential channel information, i.e., the difference between the estimated channel and the actual channel, to a transmitter. 1. A transmission beamforming method in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless system employing multiple antennas , comprising:A) estimating channel information from received pilot signal and calculating two-dimensional channel correlation information in the time and frequency domain using the estimated channel information;B) estimating the channel information using the channel correlation information;C) calculating the difference between the current ...

RESOURCE ALLOCATION METHOD AND APPARATUS OF HETEROGENEOUS CELLULAR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

A resource allocation method and an apparatus for mitigating inter-cell interference in the heterogeneous cellular communication system are provided. The method for a first type base station to allocate resource in a wireless communication system including the first and second types base stations according to the present invention includes estimating an available Frequency Assignment (FA) not used by a neighbor second type terminal among FAs used by the first type base station, and allocating sub-channels associated with one of the available FAs not used by the neighbor second type terminal to a first type terminal, wherein the second type base station allocates the sub-channels for uplink and downlink transmissions of the second type terminal over a predetermined time period such that an FA in which sub-channels for the uplink transmissions are allocated and the FA in which sub-channels for the downlink transmissions are allocated are the same. 1. A method for a first type base station to allocate a resource in a wireless communication system including the first and second types base stations , the method comprising:estimating an available Frequency Assignment (FA) not used by a neighbor second type terminal among FAs used by the first type base station; andallocating sub-channels associated with one of the available FAs not used by the neighbor second type terminal to a first type terminal,wherein the second type base station allocates the sub-channels for uplink and downlink transmissions of the second type terminal over a predetermined time period such that an FA in which sub-channels for the uplink transmissions are allocated and the FA in which sub-channels for the downlink transmissions are allocated are the same.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising allocating claim 1 , when there does not exist an available FA not used by the neighbor second type terminal claim 1 , the sub-channel associated with the FA claim 1 , for which a sum of energies of sub- ...

DATA CODEC METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THREE DIMENSIONAL BROADCASTING

Disclosed are a data modulation method and a data modulation system for 3D broadcasting, and more particularly, are a method and a system for maintaining a conventional 2D broadcasting service while providing a 3D broadcasting service. A 3D broadcasting service method includes generating a data frame including existence or nonexistence of 3D data, a header including information on codec types of a left image and a right image, a right image stream, and a left image stream, and transmitting the generated data frame. 1. A three dimensional (3D) broadcasting service apparatus for generating a data frame comprising:a header part including an identifier for indicating whether there exist 3D data; andone or more data streams of a right image data stream and a left image data stream.2. The 3D broadcasting service apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the data frame further comprises at least one of resolution information of a left image and a right image claim 1 , bit information of the left image and the right image claim 1 , identifiers of the left image and the right image claim 1 , video quality information of the left image and the right image claim 1 , disparity information of the left image and the right image claim 1 , and human factor information of the left image and the right image.3. The 3D broadcasting service apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the left image is compressed by MPEG-2 claim 1 , and the right image is compressed by MPEG-4 AVC/H.264.4p@. The 3D broadcasting service apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a bandwidth of the left image ranges from 12 to 14 Mbps claim 1 , a resolution of the left image is one of 1080i@60 Hz and 72060 Hz claim 1 , a bandwidth of the right image ranges from 4 to 6 Mbps claim 1 , and a resolution of the right image is one of 1080i@60 Hz and 720P@60 Hz.5. A three dimensional (3D) broadcasting receiving method comprising:checking an identifier included in a header part of received broadcasting data, the ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ESTIMATING CHANNEL USING DEDICATED PILOT SIGNAL IN OFDM-BASED WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

The invention relates to a method for channel estimation using a dedicated pilot signal in an OFDM-based communication system with multi-antenna transmission techniques. The receiver estimates the statistical characteristics of a virtual channel generated by beamforming by exploiting the statistical characteristics of common pilot channel, determines the optimum dedicated pilot pattern, and estimates the channel from dedicated pilot signal transmitted in an optimum pattern by means of AMMSE interpolation. The invention minimizes the channel estimation error by exploiting the statistical characteristics of the virtual channel, and optimally determines the dedicated pilot pattern according to the operation environment to maximize the transmission performance in terms of the pilot signaling overhead and the channel estimation error. In particular, the invention is very effective in low signal-to-interference plus noise power ratio (SINR) operation environments. 1. A method of estimating the channel with the use of dedicated (or user specific) pilot signal in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless communication system with multi-antenna transmit beamforming techniques , the method comprising:a first step of estimating statistical characteristics of virtual channel, generated by means of beamforming, using statistical characteristics of common pilot channel estimated from a common pilot signal;a second step of determining the dedicated pilot signal pattern using the estimated statistical characteristics of the virtual channel; anda third step of estimating the channel by means of affine minimum mean squared error (AMMSE)-type interpolation using the received dedicated pilot signal.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first step comprises estimating statistical characteristics of the virtual channel generated by a multi-antenna transmission technique using the estimated statistical characteristics of common pilot channel.5. The method of ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device includes: a base film including plastic; an active layer on the base film, the active layer including a polysilicon layer formed by crystallizing an amorphous silicon layer using a laser; a barrier layer between the active layer and the base film; and a laser absorption layer between the barrier layer and the active layer. 1. A display device comprising:a base film comprising plastic;an active layer on the base film, the active layer comprising a polysilicon layer formed by crystallizing an amorphous silicon layer using a laser;a barrier layer between the active layer and the base film; anda laser absorption layer between the barrier layer and the active layer.2. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the barrier layer comprises a plurality of inorganic layers.3. The display device of claim 1 , further comprising a buffer layer between the laser absorption layer and the active layer.4. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the laser absorption layer comprises an amorphous silicon layer.5. The display device of claim 4 , wherein the active layer is crystallized through excimer laser annealing (ELA).6. The display device of claim 4 , wherein the base film comprises a material including polyimide.7. The display device of claim 4 , wherein the barrier layer comprises a structure in which silicon oxide layers and silicon nitride layers are alternately stacked.8. The display device of claim 4 , wherein the buffer layer comprises at least one of a tetra ethyl ortho silicate (TEOS) layer claim 4 , a silicon nitride layer claim 4 , a silicon oxide layer claim 4 , or a silicon oxynitride layer.9. The display device of claim 4 , wherein the base film claim 4 , the barrier layer claim 4 , the laser absorption layer claim 4 , and the active layer are flexible.10. A display device comprising:a base film comprising plastic;an active layer on the base film, the active layer comprising a polysilicon layer formed by crystallizing an amorphous silicon layer using a ...

LOW-RESISTANCE CONDUCTIVE LINE, THIN FILM TRANSISTOR, THIN FILM TRANSISTOR PANEL, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A Thin Film Transistor (TFT) has a capping layer disposed on the surface of at least one of source and drain electrodes on a substrate, a protective film disposed on the capping layer, and a conductive layer electrically connected to the capping layer via a contact hole formed in the protective layer film. 1. A Thin Film Transistor (TFT) panel comprising:a substrate;a source electrode and a drain electrode disposed on the substrate and spaced apart from each other;a capping layer disposed on top surfaces and sidewalls of the source electrode and the drain electrode;a protective film disposed on the source electrode and the drain electrode;a contact hole formed in the protective film and exposing the capping layer; anda pixel electrode electrically connected to the exposed portion of the capping layer via the contact hole.2. The TFT panel of claim 1 , wherein each of the source electrode and the drain electrode comprises a first layer claim 1 , a second layer comprising copper claim 1 , and a third layer comprising copper alloy claim 1 , and the capping layer is disposed on a top and a sidewall of the third layer and on a sidewall of the second layer.3. The TFT panel of claim 2 , wherein the capping layer comprises cuprous oxide (CuO).4. The TFT panel of claim 3 , wherein the capping layer has a thickness of about 20 Å to about 100 Å.5. The TFT panel of claim 1 , wherein the capping layer comprises cuprous oxide (CuO).6. The TFT panel of claim 5 , wherein the capping layer has a thickness of about 20 Å to about 100 Å.7. A method for manufacturing a Thin Film Transistor (TFT) panel claim 5 , comprising:forming a source electrode and a drain electrode on a substrate;forming a capping layer by performing plasma treatment on the source and drain electrodes in an oxygen atmosphere;forming a protective film on the source electrode, the drain electrode, and the capping layer;forming a contact hole in the protective film to expose the capping layer; andforming a pixel ...

DISPLAY APPARATUS, METHOD FOR EXECUTING APPLICATION THEREOF, EXTERNAL DEVICE REMOTELY CONTROLLING THE DISPLAY APPARATUS, AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING APPLICATION CONTROL SCREEN THEREOF

A display apparatus, a method for executing an application thereof, an external device remotely controlling the display apparatus, and a method for providing an application control screen thereof are provided. The display apparatus includes a display that displays an application execution screen, the application execution screen displaying an application; a communication unit that communicates with an external server and an external device that remotely controls the display apparatus; and a control unit that transmits to the external device a generation signal that instructs the external device to generate an application control screen in response to receiving an input command to execute the application, controls the communication unit to receive a command from the external device input through the application control screen, and operates the application according to the received command. 1. A method for executing an application of a display apparatus , the method comprising:displaying an application execution screen and executing an application in response to an application execution input;transmitting, to an external device that remotely controls the display apparatus, a generation signal that instructs the external device to generate an application control screen for controlling of the application;receiving a application control input through the application control screen of the external device; andoperating the application according to the received application control input.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:receiving the application and application control screen data that corresponds to the application from an external server; andtransmitting the application control screen data to the external device,wherein the generation signal instructs the external device to generate the application control screen using the application control screen data transmitted to the external device.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the generation ...

DISPLAY PANEL, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME AND ALIGNMENT MASK FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A display panel includes a lower substrate, an upper substrate and a liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer includes a plurality of domains, a horizontal domain boundary texture area and a vertical domain boundary texture area. The domains are disposed in a matrix shape. The horizontal domain boundary texture area extends in a first direction in a boundary between the domains adjacent to each other in a second direction and has a slope of a liquid crystal slowly (e.g., less) inclined compared to that of the domains. The vertical domain boundary texture area extends in the second direction in a boundary between the domains adjacent to each other in the first direction and has a width larger than that of the horizontal domain boundary texture area. 1. A display panel comprising:a lower substrate comprising a gate line which extends in a first direction, a data line which extends in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction, a pixel electrode adjacent to the gate line and the data line, and a first alignment layer on the pixel electrode;an upper substrate which faces the lower substrate, and comprises a common electrode, and a second alignment layer on the common electrode, wherein the common electrode forms an electric field with the pixel electrode of the lower substrate; and a liquid crystal,', 'a plurality of domains which are arranged in a matrix according to a slope of the liquid crystal inclined due to an alignment of the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer,', 'a horizontal domain boundary texture area which is longitudinally extended in the first direction, is between domains adjacent in the second direction, has a width in the second direction and has a first slope of the liquid crystal less inclined compared to that of the domains, and', 'a vertical domain boundary texture area which is longitudinally extended in the second direction, is between domains adjacent in the first direction, has a width in first ...

Organic Light Emitting Diode Display

An organic light emitting diode display includes: a base film made of plastic; a thin film transistor and an organic light emitting diode formed on the base film; and a carbon nanotube thin film disposed among the base film, the thin film transistor, and the organic light emitting diode. 1. An organic light emitting diode display , comprising:a base film made of plastic;a thin film transistor and an organic light emitting diode formed on the base film; anda carbon nanotube thin film disposed among the base film, the thin film transistor, and the organic light emitting diode.2. The organic light emitting diode display of claim 1 , further comprising a barrier layer disposed among the base film claim 1 , the thin film transistor claim 1 , and the organic light emitting diode.3. The organic light emitting diode display of claim 2 , wherein the barrier layer is disposed between the base film and the carbon nanotube thin film.4. The organic light emitting diode display of claim 2 , wherein the barrier layer further comprises a barrier layer disposed among the carbon nanotube thin film claim 2 , the thin film transistor claim 2 , and the organic light emitting diode.5. The organic light emitting diode display of claim 2 , wherein the barrier layer includes a plurality of inorganic layers.6. The organic light emitting diode display of claim 2 , wherein the barrier layer has a multi-layered configuration in which a silicon oxide layer and a silicon nitride layer are alternately stacked.7. The organic light emitting diode display of claim 1 , wherein the base film is made of a material including a polyimide.8. The organic light emitting diode display of claim 1 , further comprising a thin film encapsulating layer for covering the thin film transistor and the organic light emitting diode.9. The organic light emitting diode display of claim 8 , wherein the thin film encapsulating layer includes one of at least one inorganic layer and at least one organic layer.10. The organic ...

Organic light-emitting display apparatus and method of manufacturing the same

An organic light-emitting display apparatus includes a flexible substrate having a display region and a non-display region located at an outer region of the display region, the non-display region being folded with respect to the display region; at least one organic light-emitting diode (OLED) on the display region of the flexible substrate; and an encapsulation member encapsulating the display region.

METHOD FOR DIFFERENTIALLY QUANTIZING CHANNEL INFORMATION IN MULTI-ANTENNA WIRELESS SYSTEMS AND SYSTEM ADOPTING THE SAME

A method of signal transmission based on differentially quantized channel information in a multi-antenna wireless communication system which can transmit signal to multiple mobile stations simultaneously through multiple transmit antennas includes a main codebook reporting step of each mobile station for quantizing channel correlation information (CCI) using a main-codebook and reporting an index of the main codebook, which corresponds to the quantized CCI, to a base station. A sub-codebook reporting step of each mobile station for quantizing the change of the CCI between the quantization interval using a sub-codebook and reporting an index of the sub-codebook, which corresponds to the quantized CCI change, to a base station. A multi-user eigen-beam transmission step of the base station for generating multiple eigen-beams using the index of the main-codebook or sub-codebook reported from mobile stations and transmitting them to multiple users simultaneously. 1. A method of signal transmission based on differentially quantized channel information in a multi-antenna wireless communication system which can transmit signal to multiple mobile stations simultaneously through multiple transmit antennas , comprising:a main codebook reporting step of each mobile station for quantizing channel correlation information (CCI) using a main-codebook and reporting an index of the main codebook, which corresponds to the quantized CCI, to a base station, anda sub-codebook reporting step of each mobile station for quantizing the change of the CCI between the quantization interval using a sub-codebook and reporting an index of the sub-codebook, which corresponds to the quantized CCI change, to a base station,a multi-user eigen-beam transmission step of the base station for generating multiple eigen-beams using the index of the main-codebook or sub-codebook reported from mobile stations, and transmitting them to multiple users simultaneously.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising ...

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

A manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display includes: forming an etch target layer including a conductive material on a first substrate; forming a first mask layer on the etch target layer; forming a block copolymer coating layer including a plurality of polymers on the first mask layer; processing the block copolymer coating layer to form a block copolymer pattern layer including first and second polymer blocks; removing one of the first or second polymer blocks to form a second mask pattern layer; etching the first mask layer by using the second mask pattern layer as an etching mask to form a first mask pattern layer; and etching the etch target layer by using the first mask pattern layer as an etching mask to form a first electrode. The first electrode includes a plurality of the first minute patterns extending in a predetermined direction and having a polarization function. 1. A method manufacturing a liquid crystal display , the method comprising:forming an etch target layer including a conductive material, on a first substrate;forming a first mask layer on the formed etch target layer;forming a block copolymer coating layer including a plurality of polymers, on the formed first mask layer;processing the block copolymer coating layer to form a block copolymer pattern layer including a first polymer block and a second polymer block regularly arranged on the first mask layer;removing one of the first polymer block and the second polymer block of the block copolymer pattern layer to form a second mask pattern layer;etching the first mask layer by using the second mask pattern layer as an etching mask to form a first mask pattern layer; andetching the etch target layer by using the first mask pattern layer as an etching mask to form a first electrode,wherein the first electrode includes a plurality of first minute patterns which extends in a predetermined direction in a plan view of the liquid crystal display, and having a polarization function on the first ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a display portion including a plurality of display pixels displaying an image and a dummy portion including a plurality of dummy pixels formed in a periphery region of the display portion. An electrostatic test element group (TEG) may be formed in at least one of the dummy pixels. 1. A display device comprising:a display portion comprising a plurality of display pixels displaying an image; anda dummy portion comprising a plurality of dummy pixels in a periphery region of the display portion,wherein an electrostatic test element group (TEG) is in at least one dummy pixel of the plurality of dummy pixels.2. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the electrostatic TEG comprises a plurality of electrostatic transistors.3. The display device of claim 2 , wherein static source electrodes of the plurality of electrostatic transistors are connected with each other through a source connection portion.4. The display device of claim 3 , wherein static drain electrodes of the plurality of electrostatic transistors are connected with each other through a drain connection portion.5. The display device of claim 4 , wherein at least one electrostatic transistor of the plurality of electrostatic transistors comprises a static gate pad connected to a static gate electrode of the at least one electrostatic transistor claim 4 , a static source pad connected to the static source electrode of the at least one electrostatic transistor claim 4 , and a static drain pad connected to the static drain electrode of the at least one electrostatic transistor claim 4 , and wherein the static gate pad claim 4 , the static source pad claim 4 , and the static drain pad are disposed on a same line.6. The display device of claim 5 , further comprising a single guard ring surrounding each of the plurality electrostatic transistors.7. The display device of claim 6 , wherein the width of the single guard ring is 40 μm ...

ELECTRIC VEHICLE, CHARGING STAND, AND METHOD FOR CHARGING THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE

The present invention relates to a system for charging an electric vehicle and to a method for charging the electric vehicle. A charging stand which supplies electric power for charging to the electric vehicle performs user authentication or vehicle authentication for the electric vehicle to be charged, so as to prevent unauthorized charging or theft and thus enable the electric vehicle to be stably charged. In addition, a connection circuit is used as a connection cable or a connector for charging, which interconnects the vehicle and a charging side by means of a single line to enable both the vehicle and the charging side to recognize the interconnection, thus simplifying the configuration of the circuit for enabling the vehicle and the charging side to recognize the interconnection, and enabling both the vehicle and the charging side to easily recognize whether or not they are interconnected. 1. An electric vehicle comprising:a battery management system (BMS) for managing a state of a battery pack in response to charging of the pack or operating power supplied from the battery pack;a charging unit for charging the battery pack using a charging current supplied through a connector;a vehicle communication unit for communicating with a charging stand through a communication terminal included in the connector; anda vehicle control module (VCM) for, upon receiving a request from the charging stand during vehicle charging, transmitting vehicle information including not only unique vehicle information but also a battery-pack charging state received from the battery management system (BMS) to the charging stand through the vehicle communication unit.2. The electric vehicle according to claim 1 , wherein the vehicle control module (VCM) transmits the unique vehicle information including not only a model name of a vehicle but also a VIN code assigned to the vehicle claim 1 , to the charging stand.3. The electric vehicle according to claim 1 , wherein:the connector is ...

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

A liquid crystal display, including a first substrate and a second substrate, each having a plurality of unit pixel areas and facing each other, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate, in which the plurality of unit pixel areas each have a plurality of domains. In a first domain of the plurality of domains, a first alignment layer of the first substrate and a second alignment layer of the second substrate are photo-aligned, and in a second domain of the plurality of domains, the second alignment layer of the second substrate is photo-aligned twice and the first alignment layer of the first substrate is not photo-aligned. 1. A liquid crystal display , comprising:a first substrate and a second substrate each having a plurality of unit pixel areas, wherein the first and second substrates face each other; anda liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate, each of the plurality of unit pixel areas includes a plurality of domains,', 'in a first domain of the plurality of domains, a first alignment layer of the first substrate and a second alignment layer of the second substrate are photo-aligned, and', 'in a second domain of the plurality of domains, the second alignment layer of the second substrate is photo-aligned twice and the first alignment layer of the first substrate is not photo-aligned., 'wherein2. The liquid crystal display of claim 1 , wherein:in the first domain, the first alignment layer of the first substrate is exposed and photo-aligned in a first direction and the second alignment layer of the second substrate is exposed and photo-aligned in a second direction,in the second domain, the second alignment layer of the second substrate is exposed and photo-aligned in the second direction and exposed and photo-aligned in a third direction,the first direction forms an angle of 90 degrees with the second direction, andthe second direction forms an angle of 90 degrees with the third direction.3 ...

INTEGRATED LAMP DEVICE OF VEHICLE SIDE MIRROR

Provided herein is an integrated lamp device of a vehicle side mirror. The integrated lamp device includes a first light source illuminating a first direction; a second light source illuminating a second direction; and a printed circuit board (PCB) assembly including a first PCB on which the first light source is mounted and a second PCB on which the second light source is mounted, wherein the first PCB and the second PCB are integrated with each other. 1. An integrated lamp device of a vehicle side mirror , the lamp device comprising:a first light source illuminating a first direction;a second light source illuminating a second direction; anda printed circuit board (PCB) assembly including a first PCB on which the first light source is mounted and a second PCB on which the second light source is mounted, wherein the first PCB and the second PCB are integrated with each other.2. The lamp device of claim 1 , further comprising:a third light source illuminating a third direction; anda fourth light source illuminating a fourth direction,wherein the third light source is mounted on a third PCB, the fourth light source is mounted on a fourth PCB, and the PCB assembly includes the first through fourth PCBs integrated with each other.3. The lamp device of claim 2 , wherein each of the first through fourth light sources is one light source selected from the group consisting of a backup lamp light source claim 2 , a turn signal lamp light source claim 2 , a position lamp light source claim 2 , and a puddle lamp light source.4. The lamp device of claim 3 , wherein the backup lamp light source is mounted on the first PCB claim 3 , a first position lamp light source is mounted on the second PCB claim 3 , the turn signal lamp light source is mounted on the third PCB claim 3 , and a second position lamp light source is mounted on the fourth PCB.5. The lamp device of claim 3 , wherein the puddle lamp light source is mounted on the first PCB and is configured to illuminate a ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SEND BEAMFORMING AND MULTIPLE USER SCHEDULING FOR MULTIPLE SECTOR COOPERATIVE TRANSMISSION IN A MULTIPLE ANTENNA SYSTEM

A Tx beamforming method for multi-sector cooperative transmission in a multi-antenna system includes determining a transmission mode of sector boundary users according to a channel condition; determining a multi-sector cooperative Tx beam for supporting multiple users, based on the transmission mode of the user; determining a user combination for multi-sector cooperative beamforming by considering the determined multi-sector cooperative Tx beam; and performing sector cooperative Tx beamforming with the determined user combination. Thus, the overall system capacity can be enhanced. 1. A transmit (Tx) beamforming method for multi-sector cooperative transmission in a multi-antenna system , the method comprising:determining a transmission mode of sector boundary users according to a channel condition;determining a multi-sector cooperative Tx beam for supporting multiple users based on the transmission mode of the sector boundary users;determining a user combination for multi-sector cooperative beamforming by considering the determined multi-sector cooperative Tx beam; andperforming sector cooperative Tx beamforming with the determined user combination.2. The Tx beamforming method of claim 1 , wherein determining the transmission mode of the sector boundary users according to the channel condition comprises:determining a first maximum Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) when a user operates in a first transmission mode, and a second maximum SINR when the user operates in a second transmission mode; anddetermining the transmission mode by comparing the first maximum SINR and the second maximum SINR,wherein the first transmission mode is selected when the first maximum SINR is greater than the second maximum SINR, and the second transmission mode is selected when the first maximum SINR is smaller than the second maximum SINR.3. The Tx beamforming method of claim 2 , wherein the first transmission mode is an Instantaneous channel Sector Cooperation (ISC) mode ...

DISPLAY SUBSTRATE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A display substrate includes a metal pattern, a first insulation layer pattern and a second insulation layer pattern. The metal pattern is on a base substrate. The first insulation pattern is on the metal pattern and includes one of a silicon nitride (SiN) and a silicon oxide (SiO). The second insulation pattern is on the first insulation pattern and includes a remaining one of the silicon nitride (SiN) and the silicon oxide (SiO). 1. A display substrate comprising:a metal pattern on a base substrate;a first insulation pattern on the metal pattern and comprising one of a silicon nitride and a silicon oxide; anda second insulation pattern on the first insulation pattern and comprising a remaining one of the silicon nitride and the silicon oxide.2. The display substrate of claim 1 , further comprising an element layer including a switching element claim 1 , a data line and a gate line.3. The display substrate of claim 2 , wherein the first and second insulation patterns are between the element layer and the metal pattern.4. The display substrate of claim 2 , wherein the base substrate is between the element layer and the metal pattern.5. The display substrate of claim 2 , wherein the metal pattern is between the first and second insulation patterns claim 2 , and the element layer.6. A method of manufacturing a display substrate claim 2 , the method comprising:forming a metal layer on a base substrate;forming a first insulation layer which comprises one of a silicon nitride and a silicon oxide, on the metal layer;forming a second insulation layer which comprises a remaining one of the silicon nitride and the silicon oxide on the first insulation layer;forming a photoresist pattern on the second insulation layer;first etching the second insulation layer using the photoresist pattern as a first mask, to form a second insulation layer pattern;second etching the first insulation layer using the second insulation layer pattern as a second mask, to form a first insulation ...

BROADCAST RECEIVER FOR DISPLAYING EXPLANATION OF TERMINOLOGY INCLUDED IN DIGITAL CAPTION AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING DIGITAL CAPTION USING THE SAME

A broadcast receiver and a method for processing a digital caption using the same. A broadcast receiver receives a broadcast signal containing digital caption information, searches for an explanation of terminology to be explained if terminology in the digital caption information is included in a list of terminology to be explained, and displays the explanation found for the terminology to be explained on a screen. 1. A display apparatus comprising:a reception unit which receives a content containing digital caption information;a storage unit which stores a list of terminologies;a control unit which determines terminology in the digital caption based on comparison between the digital caption information and the stored list of terminologies, and which searches for an explanation of the terminology if the terminology is determined; anda display unit which displays the explanation of the terminology to be explained, on a screen,wherein the control unit selects the stored list of terminologies from a plurality of lists based on the content provided with the digital caption and wherein the displayed explanation of the determined terminology is provided from the selected stored list of terminologies.2. The display apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the reception unit receives electronic program guide (EPG) information together with the digital caption information claim 1 , andthe control unit extracts information on a title of a currently viewed content or information on a genre of the currently viewed content from the EPG information, and searches for the explanation of the terminology corresponding to the extracted information on the title or the genre of the currently viewed content.3. The display apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the reception unit receives electronic program guide (EPG) information together with the digital caption information claim 1 ,the storage unit stores a plurality of lists of terminologies, which are categorized, andthe control ...

AVALANCHE PHOTO DIODE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

The inventive concept provides avalanche photo diodes and methods of manufacturing the same. The avalanche photo diode may include a substrate, a light absorption layer formed on the substrate, a clad layer formed on the light absorption layer, an active region formed in the clad layer, a guard ring region formed around the active region, and an insulating region formed between the guard ring region and the active region. 1. An avalanche photo diode comprising:a substrate;a light absorption layer formed on the substrate;a clad layer formed on the light absorption layer;an active region formed in the clad layer;a guard ring region formed around the active region; andan insulating region formed between the guard ring region and the active region.2. The avalanche photo diode of claim 1 , wherein the insulating region includes a gapfill layer filling a trench formed in the clad layer between the guard ring region and the active region.3. The avalanche photo diode of claim 2 , wherein the gapfill layer has a depth substantially equal to a depth of the guard ring region in the clad layer.4. The avalanche photo diode of claim 2 , wherein the gapfill layer includes a silicon nitride layer.5. The avalanche photo diode of claim 4 , further comprising:a passivation layer covering the gapfill layer and the guard ring region.6. The avalanche photo diode of claim 5 , wherein the passivation layer includes the same silicon nitride layer as the gapfill layer.7. The avalanche photo diode of claim 1 , wherein the active region and the guard ring region are doped impurities of the same conductivity type.8. The avalanche photo diode of claim 1 , further comprising:a top electrode formed on the active region; anda bottom electrode disposed on a back side of the substrate to expose a portion of the back side opposite to the top electrode.9. The avalanche photo diode of claim 1 , further comprising:a grading layer formed between the light absorption layer and the clad layer; anda buffer ...

CORE AND OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE

Provided is a core which reduces optic splice loss between discontinuous optical waveguides. The core includes a first waveguide propagation portion having first light-receiving width, a first lightwave discontinuous portion having second light-receiving width, a first taper structure portion having both ends connected to the first lightwave propagation portion and to the first lightwave discontinuous portion, respectively and decreasing in light-receiving width as it goes from the first lightwave propagation portion to the first lightwave discontinuous portion, a second lightwave propagation portion having third light-receiving width, a second lightwave discontinuous portion having fourth light-receiving width, and a second taper structure portion having both ends connected to the second lightwave propagation portion and to the second lightwave discontinuous portion, respectively and decreasing in light-receiving width as it goes from the second lightwave propagation portion to the second lightwave discontinuous portion. 1. A core comprising:a first waveguide propagation portion having first light-receiving width;a first lightwave discontinuous portion having second light-receiving width smaller than the first light-receiving width;a first taper structure portion having one end connected to the first lightwave propagation portion and the other end connected to the first lightwave discontinuous portion and decreasing in light-receiving width as it goes from the first lightwave propagation portion to the first lightwave discontinuous portion;a second lightwave propagation portion having third light-receiving width;a second lightwave discontinuous portion having fourth light-receiving width smaller than the third light-receiving width and the first light-receiving width; anda second taper structure portion having one end connected to the second lightwave propagation portion and the other end connected to the second lightwave discontinuous portion and decreasing in ...

OPTICAL COMMUNICATION MODULE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

The inventive concept relates to an optical communication module. The optical communication module may include a metal block: an electrical device formed on the metal block; an optical device adhesive block formed on the metal block; an optical device formed on the optical device adhesive block and connected to the electrical device through a bonding interconnection; and a flat type optical waveguide formed on one side of the optical device adhesive block and optically aligned with the optical device. 1. An optical communication module comprising:a metal block:an electrical device formed on the metal block;an optical device adhesive block formed on the metal block;an optical device formed on the optical device adhesive block and connected to the electrical device through a bonding interconnection; anda flat type optical waveguide formed on one side of the optical device adhesive block and optically aligned with the optical device.2. The optical communication module of claim 1 , wherein the flat type optical wave guide adheres to one side of the optical device adhesive block.3. The optical communication module of claim 2 , wherein the flat type optical waveguide adheres to one side of the optical device adhesive block using an ultraviolet hardening epoxy.4. The optical communication module of claim 1 , wherein the optical device adhesive block comprises a material having a thermal expansion coefficient having a difference within a reference value with respect to a thermal expansion coefficient of the flat type optical waveguide.5. The optical communication module of claim 1 , wherein the optical device adhesive block comprises the same material as the flat type optical waveguide.6. The optical communication module of claim 1 , wherein the optical device adheres to the optical device adhesive block using a first conductive material and the electrical device adheres to the metal block using a second conductive material.7. The optical communication module of claim 6 , ...

APPARATUS FOR MEASURING PERFORMANCE OF COHERENT OPTICAL RECEIVER

An apparatus for measuring performance of a coherent optical receiver includes a beam splitter splitting light into first and second paths, a first optical modulator modulating the first path light, a variable optical attenuator controlling an optical power of the first optical modulator, a first polarization controller transmitting a signal controlling polarization of an output of the variable optical attenuator to the coherent optical receiver, a second optical modulator modulating the second path light, a variable optical delay line delaying time of an output of the second optical modulator, a second polarization controller transmitting a signal controlling polarization of an output of the variable optical delay line to the coherent optical receiver, a network analyzer measuring performance of the coherent optical receiver and controlling the optical modulators, and a controller transmitting a control signal to the optical modulators. 1. An apparatus for measuring performance of a coherent optical receiver , comprising:a beam splitter configured to split light received from a light source into a first path light and a second path light;a first optical modulator configured to receive the first path light of the beam splitter and optically modulate the received first path light;a variable optical attenuator configured to control and output an optical power of an output of the first optical modulator;a first polarization controller configured to transmit a first output signal controlling polarization of an output of the variable optical attenuator to the coherent optical receiver;a second optical modulator configured to receive the second path light of the beam splitter and optically modulate the received second path light;a variable optical delay line configured to delay and output time of an output of the second optical modulator;a second polarization controller configured to transmit a second output signal controlling polarization of an output of the variable ...

CONTROL METHOD AND DISPLAY APPARATUS PROVIDING VARIOUS TYPES OF CONTENT

A control method and display apparatus for providing various types of content is provided. The display apparatus includes a display unit which displays an image of contents; a storage unit which stores information regarding the contents; a UI generation unit which generates UIs regarding the contents; and a controller which shuts down a first content being executed, storing information regarding the shut down first content and controls generation and display of a UI regarding the first content on the display unit, when running a second content different from the first content, while the first content is running. The control method includes running contents and displaying the contents; running a second content that is different from a first content being run, according to a user input; shutting off the first content before running the second content; storing the first content; and generating and displaying a UI regarding the first content. 1. A display apparatus comprising:a display unit which displays an image of contents;a storage unit which stores information regarding the contents;a UI generation unit which generates UIs regarding the contents; anda controller which shuts down a first content being executed, storing, in the storage unit information regarding the shut down first content and controls the UI generation unit to generate and display a UI regarding the first content on the display unit, when running a second content that is different from the first content, while the first content is running.2. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the controller runs the first content when the UI regarding the shut down first content is selected according to user input.3. The display apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the controller resumes execution of the first content at a time of shutting down the first content.4. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the controller displays together the UI regarding the first content and a UI regarding the second content ...

Method of fabricating organic light emitting diode display device

An organic light emitting diode display device and a method of manufacturing thereof, the device including a substrate, the substrate including a pixel part and a circuit part; a first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer on the pixel part of the substrate; a gate insulating layer on an entire surface of the substrate; gate electrodes on the gate insulating layer, the gate electrodes corresponding to the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer, respectively; source/drain electrodes insulated from the gate electrodes, the source/drain electrodes being connected to the first and second semiconductor layers, respectively; a first electrode connected to the source/drain electrodes of the first semiconductor layer; an organic layer on the first electrode; a second layer on the organic layer; and a metal catalyst layer under the first semiconductor layer.

STEREOSCOPIC IMAGE DISPLAY SUBSTRATE

A stereoscopic image display substrate includes a base substrate, a data line, a plurality of gate line parts and a pixel electrode part. The data line is disposed on the base substrate. The data line extends in a first direction. The gate line parts are disposed on the base substrate. Each gate line part includes a plurality of gate lines extending in a second direction different from the first direction. The gate lines are adjacent to each other. The pixel electrode part is disposed between the gate line parts. The pixel electrode part includes at least three pixel electrodes connected to the data line. 1. A stereoscopic image display substrate comprising:a base substrate;a data line disposed on the base substrate, the data line extending in a first direction;a plurality of gate line parts disposed on the base substrate, each gate line part including a plurality of gate lines extending in a second direction different from the first direction, the gate lines being adjacent to each other; anda pixel electrode part disposed between the gate line parts, the pixel electrode part including at least three pixel electrodes connected to the data line.2. The stereoscopic image display substrate of claim 1 , wherein the gate line parts comprises a first gate line part and a second gate line part claim 1 , and the plurality of gate lines of the first gate line part are adjacent to each other claim 1 , and the plurality of gate lines of the second gate line part are adjacent to each other.3. The stereoscopic image display substrate of claim 1 , wherein the gate line parts comprises a first gate line part and a second gate line part claim 1 , and the first gate line part is disposed adjacent to a first side of the pixel electrode part claim 1 , andwherein the second gate line part is disposed adjacent to a second side of the pixel electrode part.4. The stereoscopic image display substrate of claim 1 , wherein each of the pixel electrodes comprises a width in the first direction ...

ELECTRONIC APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE SAME

An electronic apparatus and a control method thereof are provided. In response to receiving a voice start command by the electronic apparatus, the control method of the electronic apparatus changes mode of the electronic apparatus to a voice task mode in which the electronic apparatus is controlled in accordance with user's voice, displays voice guide information including a plurality of voice commands for commanding the electronic apparatus to perform tasks in the voice task mode on the electronic apparatus, and changes at least one voice command from among the plurality of voice commands with a different voice command. Accordingly, the user is able to control the electronic apparatus more conveniently and efficiently. 1. A method for controlling an electronic apparatus , comprising:receiving, by the electronic apparatus, a voice start command;in response to the receiving the voice start command changing a mode of the electronic apparatus to a voice task mode in which the electronic apparatus is controlled in accordance with a user's voice, and displaying voice guide information including a plurality of voice commands for commanding the electronic apparatus to perform tasks in the voice task mode; andchanging at least one voice command from among the plurality of voice commands with a different voice command in accordance with a user's input.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the voice guide information comprises a fixed command area in which the voice commands are fixed and unchangeable claim 1 , and a changeable command area in which the voice commands are subject to change.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the fixed command area includes a voice command to perform a power-off function of the electronic apparatus.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the changing comprises:receiving a command directing the electronic apparatus to execute an application and executing the application; andchanging at least one voice command from among the plurality of voice commands ...

Electronic apparatus and method for controlling the same

An electronic apparatus and a control method thereof are provided, which displays first voice guide information indicating voice commands available to control the electronic apparatus, and if a command to control an external device connected to the electronic apparatus is received, changes the first voice guide information and displays second voice guide information to indicating voice commands available to control the external device.

REMOTE CONTROL APPARATUS AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING DISPLAY APPARATUS USING THE SAME

A remote control apparatus is provided. The remote control apparatus includes an input unit configured to include a plurality of touch regions, a control unit configured to generate a control command for selecting a channel of the display apparatus according to channel number information input through the plurality of touch regions, and a transmission unit configured to transmit the control command to the display apparatus, wherein the channel number information includes a plurality of element information and the plurality of touch regions receives the plurality of element information, respectively. 1. A remote control apparatus which controls a display apparatus , the remote control apparatus comprising:an input unit configured to include a plurality of touch regions;a control unit configured to generate a control command for selecting a channel of the display apparatus according to channel number information input through the plurality of touch regions; anda transmission unit configured to transmit the control command to the display apparatus,wherein the channel number information includes a plurality of element information and the plurality of touch regions receives the plurality of element information, respectively.2. The remote control apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the input unit includes a first touch region configured to receive channel number information to change a major channel number of the display apparatus and a second touch region configured to receive channel number information to change a minor channel number claim 1 , the minor channel number representing a sub-channel number of the major channel number claim 1 , of the display apparatus.3. The remote control apparatus as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the first touch region and the second touch region are separated by a touch panel.4. The remote control apparatus as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the first touch region and the second touch region are visually separated through graphic user ...

ELECTRONIC APPARATUS AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

An electronic apparatus and a method of controlling the electronic apparatus are provided. The method includes: receiving a voice command; and if the voice command is a first voice start command, changing a mode of the electronic apparatus to a first voice task mode in which the electronic apparatus is controlled according to further voice input, and if the voice command is a second voice start command, changing the mode of the electronic apparatus to a second voice task mode in which the electronic apparatus is controlled according to the further voice input received via an external apparatus which operates with the electronic apparatus. Therefore, providing efficiency and flexibility in controlling the electronic apparatus by using a microphone of the electronic apparatus or a microphone of the external apparatus. 1. A method of controlling an electronic apparatus , the method comprising:receiving a voice input; andif the voice input is a first voice command, changing a mode of the electronic apparatus to a first voice task mode in which the electronic apparatus receives further voice input; andif the voice input is a second voice command, changing the mode of the electronic apparatus to a second voice task mode in which said further voice input is received via an external apparatus which operates with the electronic apparatus.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:if the mode of the electronic apparatus is changed to the first voice task mode, displaying first voice guide information corresponding to the first voice task mode; andif the mode of the electronic apparatus is changed to the second voice task mode, displaying second voice guide information corresponding to the second voice task mode.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein:the first voice guide information comprises a plurality of voice items which guide a user to provide said further voice input in the first voice task mode;the second voice guide information comprises a plurality of voice items ...

ELECTRONIC APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THEREOF

An electronic apparatus and a method for controlling thereof are provided. The method for controlling the electronic apparatus includes displaying an icon and a pointer to perform a motion task mode when a motion start command is input, moving the pointer in accordance with a first user motion, and executing a function corresponding to the icon when a second user motion is input while the pointer is placed on the icon. Accordingly, the user controls the electronic apparatus using the user motion more conveniently and intuitively. 1. A method for controlling an electronic apparatus , the method comprising:displaying an icon and a pointer to perform a motion task mode when a motion start command is input;moving the pointer in accordance with a first user motion; andexecuting a function corresponding to the icon when a second user motion is input while the pointer is placed on the icon.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pointer placed on the icon is fixed without being moved while the second user motion is input.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the executing comprises continuously executing the function of the icon on which the pointer is placed when the pointer is placed on the icon and input of the second user motion is maintained.4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first user motion is a spread motion represented by spreading fingers of a user's hand claim 1 ,wherein the second user motion is a grab motion represented by clenching the fingers of the user's hand.5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the icon comprises at least one of a volume-up icon claim 1 , a volume-down icon claim 1 , a channel-up icon claim 1 , and a channel-down icon.6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the icon comprises a volume-up icon and a volume-down icon which are respectively displayed on an upper portion and a lower portion of a left area of a display screen claim 1 , and a channel-up icon and a channel-down icon which are ...

ELECTRONIC APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THEREOF

An electronic apparatus and a method for controlling thereof are provided. The method for controlling the electronic apparatus includes displaying an icon and a pointer to perform a motion task mode when a motion start command is input, moving the pointer in accordance with a first user motion, and executing a function corresponding to the icon when a second user motion is input while the pointer is placed on the icon. Accordingly, the user controls the electronic apparatus using the user motion more conveniently and intuitively. 1. A method for controlling an electronic apparatus , the method comprising:displaying an icon and a pointer to perform a motion task mode when a motion start command is input;moving the pointer in accordance with a first user motion; andexecuting a function corresponding to the icon when a second user motion is input while the pointer is placed on the icon.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pointer placed on the icon is fixed without being moved while the second user motion is input.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the executing comprises continuously executing the function of the icon on which the pointer is placed when the pointer is placed on the icon and input of the second user motion is maintained.4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first user motion is a spread motion represented by spreading fingers of a user's hand claim 1 ,wherein the second user motion is a grab motion represented by clenching the fingers of the user's hand.5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the icon comprises at least one of a volume-up icon claim 1 , a volume-down icon claim 1 , a channel-up icon claim 1 , and a channel-down icon.6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the icon comprises a volume-up icon and a volume-down icon which are respectively displayed on an upper portion and a lower portion of a left area of a display screen claim 1 , and a channel-up icon and a channel-down icon which are ...

ELECTRONIC APPARATUS AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE SAME

An electronic apparatus and a method of controlling the electronic apparatus are provided. The method includes: receiving a two hand start command which is to perform a motion task using two hands; if the two hand start command is input, changing a mode of the electronic apparatus to a two hand task mode which is to perform the motion task using the two hands; and if the mode of the electronic apparatus is changed to the two hand task mode, displaying a two hand input guide graphical user interface (GUI) which is to perform the motion task using the two hands. Therefore, a user further intuitively and conveniently perform a function of the electronic apparatus, such as a zoom-in/zoom-out, by using two hands. 1. A method of controlling an electronic apparatus , the method comprising:receiving input indicating a motion of a user;if the received input indicates the motion of the user, changing the electronic apparatus to a two hand task mode in which a two-hand motion is input for performing a corresponding task and in which a graphical user interface (GUI) guide is provided to guide with the two-hand motion input.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the receiving the input comprises:if the received input is input via one hand, changing the mode of the electronic apparatus to a motion task mode which is to perform a motion task; andif the received input is further input using the other hand when the electronic apparatus is in the motion task mode, the received input indicates the two-hand mode and the GUI guide is provided.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the receiving the input comprises:receiving a shake motion in which two hands of a user shake a plurality of times, and determining that the received input indicates the two-hand task mode based on the received shake motion.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the corresponding task is a task of magnifying or reducing a display screen.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising:if a motion of moving the two hands away ...

DISPLAY APPARATUS, CONTROL METHOD THEREOF, INPUT APPARATUS, AND DISPLAY SYSTEM

A display apparatus including: a display unit; an image processor which processes an image signal to display an image on the display unit; a communication unit which communicates with an input apparatus including a button and a touch pad; and a controller which controls the image processor to display a first item corresponding to a current setting state of the display apparatus in response to a first input from the input apparatus through manipulation of the button and to display at least one second item to be selected to change the current setting state on the display unit in response to a second input from the input apparatus through the touch pad, subsequent to the first input. 1. A display apparatus comprising:a display unit;an image processor which processes an image signal to display an image on the display unit;a communication unit which communicates with an input apparatus, the input apparatus comprising a button and a touch pad; anda controller which controls the image processor to display a first item corresponding to a current setting state of the display apparatus in response to a first input from the input apparatus through manipulation of the button and to display at least one second item to be selected to change the current setting state on the display unit in response to a second input from the input apparatus through the touch pad subsequent to the first input.2. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the controller switches a selection from the first item to the at least one second item in response to a drag motion on the touch pad by a user while the second item is displayed.3. The display apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the controller applies the selection in response to a third input from the input apparatus through the touch pad.4. The display apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the controller performs a preset control operation of the display apparatus in response to the applying the selection of any one of among the first item and the at least ...

INPUT APPARATUS, DISPLAY APPARATUS, CONTROL METHOD THEREOF AND DISPLAY SYSTEM

An input apparatus, a display apparatus, a control method thereof and a display system are provided. The input apparatus includes: a communication unit which communicates with the display apparatus; a touch sensor which senses a touch input; a motion sensor which senses a motion of the input apparatus; mid a controller which determines whether a value of a touch input, that sensed by the touch sensor when the input apparatus operates in a gesture mode according to the motion of the input apparatus, is greater than or equal to a first reference value, and changes an input mode of the input apparatus to a touch mode if it is determined that the value of the touch input greater than or equal to the first reference value. 1. An input apparatus of a display apparatus , the input apparatus comprising:a communication unit which communicates with the display apparatus;a touch sensor which receives a user's touch input;a motion sensor which senses a motion of the input apparatus; anda controller which changes an input mode of the input apparatus to a touch mode if a user's touch input that is a first reference value or more is sensed while the input apparatus operates in a gesture mode according to the motion of the input apparatus.2. The input apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the controller changes the input mode of the input apparatus to the gesture mode if a motion of the input apparatus that is a second reference value or more is sensed when the input apparatus operates in the touch mode.3. The input apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the controller controls the communication unit to transmit a command to the display apparatus to display a user interface (UI) regarding the change of the input mode claim 2 ,4. The input apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the UI displays a process of changing the input mode in the display apparatus by stages.5. The input apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the UI is adjusted by stages by using a degree of ...

INPUT APPARATUS, DISPLAY APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING A DISPLAY THROUGH USER MANIPULATION

An input apparatus of a display apparatus is provided. The input apparatus includes a touch sensor which senses a touch by a user; a motion sensor which senses a motion of the input apparatus; a communication unit which communicates with the display apparatus; and a controller which transmits a first control signal which corresponds to a motion sensed by the motion sensor, through the communication unit, to scroll an image displayed in the display apparatus in response to the motion sensor sensing the motion, and transmits a second control signal which corresponds to a touch sensed by the touch sensor, through the communication unit, to move an object within the scrolled image in response to the touch sensor sensing the touch. 1. An input apparatus of a display apparatus , the input apparatus comprising:a touch sensor which senses a touch;a motion sensor which senses a motion of the input apparatus;a communicator which communicates with the display apparatus; anda controller which transmits through the communication unit, a first control signal which corresponds to a motion sensed by the motion sensor, to scroll an image displayed in the display apparatus in response to the motion sensor sensing the motion, and transmits through the communicator, a second control signal which corresponds to a touch sensed by the touch sensor, to move an object within the scrolled image in response to the touch sensor sensing the touch.2. The input apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the image comprises a plurality of selectable items claim 1 , and the object comprises one of a highlight indicator which relates to one of the plurality of selectable items and a cursor which indicates one of the plurality of items.3. The input apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the motion sensor senses a motion of the input apparatus on a preset three coordinate system.4. The input apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the controller generates the first control signal when the touch ...

DISPLAY APPARATUS AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF

A display apparatus includes: a display which displays an image based on an image signal; and a controller which controls the display unit to display a list of channel numbers which have been previously input, upon receiving a user's input to input a channel number. Thus, the display apparatus displays a list of channel numbers which have been previously input by a user, at the time of selection of a channel, thereby improving user's convenience in selecting channels. 1. A display apparatus comprising:a display which displays an image based on an image signal; anda controller which controls the display to display a list of channel numbers which have been previously input, upon receiving a user's input to input a channel number.2. The display apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the controller controls the display to add to the list of channel numbers and display the input channel number when the user's input selecting the channel number is received.3. The display apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the user's input to input the channel number comprises a user's selection of one of channel numbers displayed in the list of channel numbers.4. The display apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the display further displays a user interface (UI) comprising a number keypad to input the channel number claim 1 , andthe user's input to input the channel number comprises a user's selection of at least one number of the number keypad.5. The display apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a user input which comprises a number keypad to input the channel number claim 1 , andthe user's input to input the channel number comprises a user's selection of at least one number of the number keypad.6. The display apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the display displays the list of channel numbers according to one of a descending order claim 1 , an ascending order claim 1 , and a channel selection date.7. The display apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

DISPLAY APPARATUS AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF

A display apparatus and a control method thereof are provided. The display apparatus includes: an image processor which processes an image signal; a display unit which displays an image thereon based on the processed image signal; a user input unit which receives a user input; and a controller which displays a plurality of selectable items on the display unit, and upon receiving a first user input to select a first item from the plurality of selectable items from the user input unit, displays a display window displaying an input result of the first user input in a vicinity of the first item, and upon receiving a second user input to select a second item, which is different from the first item, from the user input unit, controls the display unit to move and display the display window in a vicinity of the second item. 1. A display apparatus comprising:an image processor which processes an image signal;a display unit which displays an image based on the processed image signal;a user input unit which receives a user input; anda controller which displays a plurality of selectable items on the display unit, and upon the user input unit receiving a first user input to select a first item from among the plurality of selectable items, displays a display window displaying an input result of the first user input in a first area corresponding to the first item and in a vicinity of the first item, and upon the user input unit receiving a second user input to select a second item, which is different from the first item, from among the plurality of selectable items, controls the display unit to move and display the display window in a second area corresponding to the second item and in a vicinity of the second item.2. The display apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the second user input is subsequent to the first user input and claim 1 , upon receiving the second user input claim 1 , the display window displays a combination result of the selected first item and the selected ...

Alignment substrate for aligning liquid crystal molecules, liquid crystal display panel having the same, and method of manufacturing the alignment substrate

The present invention discloses an alignment substrate that includes a base substrate and an alignment layer arranged on the base substrate. A plurality of unit pixels is defined in the base substrate. The alignment layer includes at least two sub-alignment portions dividing the unit pixel into at least two domains. Each sub-alignment portion is arranged in a different domain of the at least two domains and is aligned to have a different pretilt direction from the other sub-alignment portions.

Method For Transmitting A Signal While Avoiding The Influences Of An Interference Signal Existing In The Same Channel In A Communication System Having A Main Communication Device And A Plurality Of Terminal Communication Devices

The method for transmitting a signal while avoiding the influences of an interference signal in the same channel according to the present invention comprises: a process in which communication devices in the communication system perceive, in a distributed manner, whether or not an interference signal exists in a transmission channel being used; a process in which the communication devices in the communication system temporarily transceive signals using a plurality of available transmission channels other than the transmission channel currently being used so as to avoid an interference signal if the interference signal is perceived; and a process of determining the channel having a best link state as a transmission channel from among the plurality of used transmission channels and returning to an existing transmission system using a single channel. 1. A method of performing transmission while avoiding interference in a same channel , the method sending a signal while avoiding influence of an interference signal generated in a channel currently being used in a communication system including a coordinator for periodically sending or receiving a signal through only one of a plurality of available transmission channels and a plurality of communication devices , the method comprising the steps of:(A) detecting whether an interference signal is present in a transmission channel that is being used by the communication devices in the communication system in a distributed manner;(B) if the presence of the interference signal is detected at step (A), temporarily sending and receiving, by the communication devices in the communication system, signals through an transmission channels, except for the transmission channel currently being used by the other communication devices, in order to avoid interference; and(C) determining a channel having best link quality condition, selected from among the transmission channels used at step (B), to be a transmission channel and returning to ...

THIN FILM TRANSISTOR AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING TRENCH, METAL WIRE, AND THIN FILM TRANSISTOR ARRAY PANEL

The present invention relates to a method for forming a trench that can remove residual particles in a trench using a metal mask, a method for forming a metal wire, and a method for manufacturing a thin film transistor array panel. The method for forming a trench includes: forming a first insulating layer on a substrate; forming a first metal layer on the first insulating layer; forming an opening by patterning the first metal layer; forming a trench by dry-etching the first insulating layer using the patterned first metal layer as a mask; and wet-etching the substrate. The dry-etching is performed using a main etching gas and a first auxiliary etching gas, and the first auxiliary etching gas includes argon. 1. A method for forming a trench , comprising:forming a first insulating layer on a substrate;forming a first metal layer on the first insulating layer;forming an opening by patterning the first metal layer;forming a trench by dry-etching the first insulating layer using the patterned first metal layer as a mask; andwet-etching the substrate,wherein the dry-etching is performed using a main etching gas and a first auxiliary etching gas, andthe first auxiliary etching gas comprises argon.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first insulating layer comprises SiOC.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first metal layer comprises amorphous indium tin oxide (a-ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO).4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the wet-etching is performed using an etching solution comprising sulfuric acid or nitric acid.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein claim 4 , in the wet-etching claim 4 , the first metal layer is removed.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first metal layer comprises a-ITO claim 3 , and after forming the first insulating layer claim 3 , the method for forming the trench further comprises forming a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer claim 3 , and the first metal layer is formed on the second insulating layer.7. The method of ...

DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURE INCLUDING A DEPOSITION MASK

A device for manufacture including a deposition mask includes a damper for fixing an end of a divided mask sheet and having a pin hole, a clamping pin in the clamper for being inserted into the pin hole, and an elevator for elevating the clamping pin. 1. A device for manufacture comprising a deposition mask , the device comprising:a damper for fixing an end of a divided mask sheet and having a pin hole;a clamping pin in the clamper for being inserted into the pin hole; andan elevator for elevating the clamping pin.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the clamper comprises:a top damper for contacting a top side of the end of the divided mask sheet; anda bottom clamper for contacting a bottom side of the end of the divided mask sheet and having a suction groove for affixing the end of the divided mask sheet at the bottom clamper.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the clamping pin is in the suction groove.4. The device of claim 3 , wherein an elevating hole for elevating the clamping pin is at the bottom clamper.5. The device of claim 4 , wherein an inserting groove for receiving the clamping pin is at the top clamper.6. The device of claim 4 , wherein the elevator is coupled to the clamping pin via the elevating hole.7. The device of claim 3 , wherein the suction groove is coupled to a vacuum for affixing the end of the divided mask sheet.8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the deposition mask comprises a plurality of the divided mask sheets. This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2012-0011423 filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on Feb. 2, 2012, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.1. FieldThe described technology relates generally to a device for manufacture including a deposition mask.2. Description of the Related ArtAn organic light emitting diode (OLED) display includes two electrodes and an organic emission layer therebetween. Electrons injected from one electrode and holes ...

METHOD OF DISPLAYING THREE-DIMENSIONAL STEREOSCOPIC IMAGE AND A DISPLAY APPARATUS FOR PERFORMING THE SAME

A method of displaying a three-dimensional (“3D”) stereoscopic image includes providing a first 3D data signal to a first display area portion of a display panel; and selectively providing a second 3D data signal or a black data signal to a second display area portion of the display panel when the first 3D data signal is being provided to the first display area. 1. A machine-implemented method of displaying a three-dimensional (“3D”) stereoscopic image by way of a display panel having a display area subdivided into at least first and second display area portions , the method comprising:first providing a respective first 3D data signal for rendering on the first display area portion of a display panel; andsecond and selectively providing one or the other of a respective second 3D data signal and a black data signal for rendering on the second display area portion of the display panel when the first 3D data signal is first provided for rendering on the first display area portion.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the selected one of the second 3D data signal or the black data signal of the second providing step is sequentially provided in a spatially progressive manner for rendering on the second display area portion along a first spatial direction, andthe first 3D data signal of the first providing step is sequentially provided in a spatially progressive manner for rendering on the first display area portion also along the first spatial direction.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein:said first providing includes an alternative selective providing of the black data signal for rendering on the first display area portion instead of providing the first 3D data signal, and the selectively provided one of the first 3D data signal or the black data signal is sequentially provided in a spatially progressive manner for rendering on the first display area portion along a first spatial direction, andthe selected one of the second 3D data signal or the black data signal is ...

METHODS OF MEASURING AND CONTROLLING INNER TEMPERATURE OF A CHAMBER INCLUDED IN A TEST HANDLER

To measure an inner temperature of a chamber included in a test handler, self-refresh currents of semiconductor memory devices under test are measured. The semiconductor memory devices are disposed in the chamber and have a function of linear temperature compensated self-refresh (Li-TCSR). Local temperature values are generated based on the self-refresh currents, where each local temperature value indicates a temperature near the corresponding semiconductor memory device of the semiconductor memory devices under test. 1. A method of measuring an inner temperature of a chamber included in a test handler , the method comprising:measuring self-refresh currents of semiconductor memory devices under test, the semiconductor memory devices under test disposed in the chamber and having a function of linear temperature compensated self-refresh (Li-TCSR); andgenerating local temperature values based on the self-refresh currents, each local temperature value indicating a temperature near a corresponding semiconductor memory device of the semiconductor memory devices under test.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:displaying the local temperature values in a two-dimensional map on a monitor screen such that a disposition of the local temperature values in the two-dimensional map corresponds to a disposition of the semiconductor memory devices under test in the chamber.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the displaying includes representing the local temperature values by one of a numerical display claim 2 , a color display and a combination of the numerical display and the color display.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the displaying displays a temperature variation curve on the monitor screen claim 2 , the temperature variation curve corresponding to a selected device among the semiconductor memory devices under test.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the displaying displays temperature variation curves on the monitor screen such that the temperature variation curves ...

METHOD OF DRIVING A DISPLAY PANEL AND DISPLAY APPARATUS FOR PERFORMING THE SAME

There is provided a method of driving a display panel. In the method, it is determined whether a driving mode is a two-dimensional image mode or a three-dimensional image mode. A first gate driving control signal and a second gate driving control signal are generated by converting an input control signal inputted in accordance with the driving mode. A first gate signal is outputted to an odd-numbered gate line connected to a first sub-pixel within a unit pixel of the display panel based on the first gate driving control signal. A second gate signal is outputted to an even-numbered gate line connected to a second sub-pixel within the unit pixel of the display panel based on the second gate driving control signal. 1. A method of driving a display panel , comprising:determining whether a driving mode is a two-dimensional image mode or a three-dimensional image mode;generating a first gate driving control signal and a second gate driving control signal by converting an input control signal inputted in accordance with the driving mode;outputting a first gate signal to an odd-numbered gate line connected to a first sub-pixel within a unit pixel of the display panel based on the first gate driving control signal; andoutputting a second gate signal to an even-numbered gate line connected to a second sub-pixel within the unit pixel of the display panel based on the second gate driving control signal,wherein the odd-numbered gate line and the even numbered gate line adjacent to the odd-numbered gate line have a different activation time in a two-dimensional image mode and the odd-numbered gate line and the even numbered gate line adjacent to the odd-numbered gate line have a same activation time in a three-dimensional image mode.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first sub-pixel is a high pixel and the second sub-pixel is a low pixel having a lower pixel voltage than the high pixel.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein a first odd-numbered gate line and a first even numbered ...

FLEXIBLE DISPLAY APPARATUS, ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DISPLAY APPARATUS, AND MOTHER SUBSTRATE FOR FLEXIBLE DISPLAY APPARATUS

A flexible display apparatus, an organic light emitting display apparatus, and a mother substrate for flexible display apparatus that have improved durability and image quality. The flexible display apparatus includes a flexible substrate, a display region that is defined on the flexible substrate and that comprises a pixel unit and a circuit unit, a pad unit that is formed adjacent to the display region, and a deformation prevention unit that is disposed around the display region, that is separated from the pad unit, and that comprises a material having a greater rigidity than that of the flexible substrate. 1. A flexible display apparatus comprising:a flexible substrate;a display region defined on the flexible substrate and comprising a pixel unit and a circuit unit;a pad unit adjacent to the display region; anda deformation prevention unit around the display region, the deformation prevention unit being separated from the pad unit, and comprising a material having a greater rigidity than that of the flexible substrate.2. The flexible display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the deformation prevention unit comprises a metal material.3. The flexible display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the deformation prevention unit corresponds to sides of the flexible substrate.4. The flexible display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the deformation prevention unit comprises a plurality of deformation prevention patterns that are separated from each other.5. The flexible display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the deformation prevention unit longitudinally extends so as to correspond to at least one side surface of the flexible substrate.6. The flexible display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the deformation prevention unit longitudinally extends so as to correspond to side surfaces of the flexible substrate claim 1 , except for one side surface of the flexible substrate which faces the pad unit.7. The flexible display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the flexible substrate comprises a ...

Interference Signal Avoiding Device of a Frequency Hopping Spread System and Method Thereof

An interference signal avoiding device of a frequency hopping spread system and a method thereof are disclosed. A method of transmitting/receiving an interference signal avoiding signal according to the present invention includes: determining a frequency hopping channel set and a parameter of an interference signal detector in consideration of characteristics of an interference signal; detecting whether there is an interference signal with respect to frequency hopping candidate channels that are to be used for the next frequency hopping by using the determined interference signal detector; transmitting a signal through a channel that is determined by the interference signal detector that there is no interference signal among the frequency hopping candidate channels; and searching a channel through which the signal is transmitted from the frequency hopping candidate channels in order to receive the transmitted signal. 1. A method of transmitting/receiving signals while avoiding interference signals , the method transmitting/receiving signals while avoiding homogeneous/heterogeneous interference signals present in an identical band in a Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) system , comprising:determining a frequency hopping channel set and a variable of an interference signal detector in consideration of characteristics of an interference signal;detecting whether an interference signal is present on frequency hopping candidate channels to be used for next frequency hopping using the determined interference signal detector;transmitting signals through a channel on which it is determined by the interference signal detector that no interference signal is present, among the frequency hopping candidate channels;searching the frequency hopping candidate channels for a channel through which the signals are transmitted, and receiving the signals through the found channel; andperforming transmission power control using Signal-to-Noise power Ratio (SNR) values of channels ...

Trench forming method, metal wiring forming method, and method of manufacturing thin film transistor array panel

A method of forming a thin film transistor array panel includes: forming a first insulating layer on a substrate; forming an amorphous carbon layer on the first insulating layer; forming a second insulating layer on the amorphous carbon layer; forming an opening in the amorphous carbon layer by patterning the second insulating layer and the amorphous carbon layer; and forming a trench in the first insulating layer by etching the first insulating layer, the etching the first insulating layer using the amorphous carbon layer including the opening as a mask.

VIDEO PROCESSING APPARATUS, VIDEO PROCESSING SYSTEM INCLUDING THE SAME, AND INFORMATION PROVIDING METHOD IN VIDEO PROCESSING APPARATUS

There are provided a video processing apparatus, a video processing system, and an information providing method in the video processing apparatus. The video processing apparatus includes: a communication part performing communication with a service providing server providing broadcasting services; a video processing part performing video processing with respect to the broadcasting services; an output part outputting information on the broadcasting services; and a controller controlling the communication part, the output part and the video processing part to transmit user information and viewing information with respect to the video processing apparatus to the service providing server, to receive recommendation information based on the user information and the viewing information from the service providing server, and to output the received recommendation information, respectively. 1. An information providing method in a video processing apparatus , comprising:transmitting user information with respect to the video processing apparatus inputted by a user to a service providing server;transmitting viewing information of the user to the server;receiving recommendation information including a plurality of recommendation programs from the server; andoutputting a graphical user interface including the plurality of the recommendation programs classified by time, based on the received recommendation information,wherein the recommendation information is generated based on the viewing information and user group information generated by analyzing the user information and other user information collected from at least one other video processing apparatuses.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the viewing information comprises a broadcast being viewed in the video processing apparatus.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the user information comprises at least one of personal identification data claim 1 , preferred broadcasting genres claim 1 , preferred channels ...

DISPLAY APPARATUS

A display apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes first and second polarization plates, first and second phase delay films, and a liquid crystal display panel. A first polarization plate has a first polarization axis. A second polarization plate faces the first polarization plate and has a second polarization axis forming an angle about 85 degrees to 95 degrees with respect to the first polarization axis. A first phase delay film is disposed between the first and second polarization films and has a third polarization axis forming an angle about 40 degrees to 50 degrees with respect to the second polarization plate. A second phase delay film is disposed between the second polarization plate and the first phase delay film, and has a fourth polarization axis forming an angle about −5 degrees to 5 degree with respect to the third polarization axis. 1. A display apparatus , comprising:a first polarization plate comprising a first polarization axis;a second polarization plate facing the first polarization plate, the second polarization plate comprising a second polarization axis, the second polarization axis forming an angle of about 85 degrees to about 95 degrees with respect to the first polarization axis;a first phase delay film disposed between the first polarization plate and the second polarization plates, the first phase delay film comprising a third polarization axis forming an angle of about 40 degrees to about 50 degrees with respect to the second polarization axis;a second phase delay film disposed between the second polarization plate and the first phase delay film, the second phase delay film comprising a fourth polarization axis forming an angle of about −5 degrees to about 5 degrees with respect to the third polarization axis; anda liquid crystal display panel disposed between the first phase delay film and the second phase delay film, the liquid crystal display panel comprising a fifth polarization axis by an ...

DISPLAY APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SCHEDULING BROADCAST USING THE SAME

A display apparatus and a method for scheduling a broadcast using the same. The broadcast scheduling method includes generating a program information table, in which broadcast information is arranged, if a broadcast program selected by a user in the program information table is moved into an area adjacent to an icon, displaying the broadcast program being added to an item folder, and scheduling the broadcast program. 1. A broadcast scheduling method , comprising:generating a program information table in which broadcast information is arranged;determining whether a first icon for a broadcast program selected by a user in the program information table is moved into an predetermined area;comparing a starting time of the broadcast program selected by the user with a current time after determining that the first icon for the broadcast program is moved into the predetermined area;displaying a visual effect in which the first icon for the broadcast program is added to the predetermined area if the starting time of the broadcast program selected by the user is later than the current time, and not displaying the visual effect if the starting time is not later than the current time; andscheduling the broadcast program if the starting time of the broadcast program selected by the user is later than the current time, and not scheduling the broadcast program if the starting time is not later than the current time.2. The broadcast scheduling method of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined area is an item folder.3. The broadcast scheduling method of claim 1 , wherein in the scheduling operation claim 1 , if on-screen display (OSD) information indicating the first icon for the broadcast program selected by the user is moved to the predetermined area claim 1 , the broadcast program is automatically scheduled.4. The broadcast scheduling method of claim 1 , further comprising:transmitting scheduling information of the broadcast program included in the item folder to an external device ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR COLLECTING DATA AT MULTI-POINTS

The present invention, which relates to an apparatus for collecting data at multi-points, suggests an apparatus connecting analog blocks obtaining the same channel data in series with each other and connecting analog blocks obtaining different channel data in parallel with each other to collect data. The suggested apparatus includes a channel data collecting group including at least two channel data collecting units having data obtaining modules collecting channel data at different points and connected in series with each other; and a channel data processing unit including the channel data collecting units connected in parallel with each other and controlling each of the data obtaining module so as to allow each of the channel obtaining module to shift the channel data by a predetermined size. 1. An apparatus for collecting data at multi-points , the apparatus comprising:a channel data collecting group including at least two channel data collecting units having data obtaining modules collecting channel data at different points and connected in series with each other; anda channel data processing unit including the channel data collecting units connected in parallel with each other and controlling each of the data obtaining module so as to allow each of the channel obtaining module to shift the channel data by a predetermined size.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the data obtaining module includes:a data converter converting channel data in an analog signal format into a digital signal; anda data shifter storing the digital signal and shifting the digital signal to other data obtaining module connected in series or the channel data processing unit according to a control of the channel data processing unit.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the data shifter shifts the digital signal using a predetermined number of D flip-flops according to a ratio between the entire size of the channel data and a size of the shifted channel data.4. The apparatus of claim 2 , ...

Embedded displayport system and method for controlling panel self refresh mode

Provided are an embedded DisplayPort (eDP) system and a method for controlling a panel self refresh mode. The eDP system enters a panel self refresh (PSR) mode when an image to display is static in a general mode, and a sink device recovers a stream clock for displaying a static image in the PSR mode.

BUMP STRUCTURE, SEMICONDUCTOR PACKAGE HAVING THE BUMP STRUCTURE, AND METHOD OF FORMING THE BUMP STRUCTURE

A bump structure includes a first bump and a second bump. The first bump is disposed on a connection pad of a substrate. The first bump includes a lower portion having a first width, a middle portion having a second width smaller than the first width, and an upper portion having a third width greater than the second width. The second bump is disposed on the upper portion of the first bump. 1. A bump structure , comprising:a first bump disposed on a connection pad of a substrate and including a lower portion having a first width, a middle portion having a second width smaller than the first width, and an upper portion having a third width greater than the second width; anda second bump disposed on the upper portion of the first bump.2. The bump structure of claim 1 , wherein the lower portion of the first bump comprises a first conductive material claim 1 , the middle portion of the first bump comprises a second conductive material claim 1 , and the upper portion of the first bump comprises a third conductive material.3. The bump structure of claim 2 , wherein the first conductive material has a first ductility claim 2 , the second conductive material has a second ductility greater than the first ductility claim 2 , and the third conductive material has a third ductility smaller than the second ductility.4. The bump structure of claim 2 , wherein the first conductive material is substantially the same as the third conductive material.5. The bump structure of claim 4 , wherein the first conductive material and the third conductive material comprise copper (Cu).6. The bump structure of claim 5 , wherein the second conductive material comprises tin (Sn).7. The bump structure of claim 2 , wherein the second bump comprises a fourth conductive material substantially the same as the second conductive material.8. The bump structure of claim 1 , wherein the second bump has a fourth width greater than the second width.9. A semiconductor package claim 1 , comprising:a ...

Organic light emitting diode display device and method of fabricating the same

An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display device and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed. The OLED display device includes a plurality of scan lines, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of pixels disposed in a region in which the scan lines cross the data lines, where each pixel of the plurality of pixels includes: a switching transistor including a first gate electrode, a first semiconductor layer disposed over the first gate electrode, a first gate insulating layer interposed between the first gate electrode and the first semiconductor layer, a first source electrode and a first drain electrode, a driving transistor including a second semiconductor layer, a second gate electrode disposed over the second semiconductor layer, a second gate insulating layer interposed between the second gate electrode and the second semiconductor layer, a second source electrode and a second drain electrode, and an organic light emitting diode electrically connected with the second source and second drain electrodes of the driving transistor, where the first and second semiconductor layers are formed of the same material, and from the same processing.

Display apparatus and method of displaying contents list

A method and apparatus for displaying a contents list. The method includes: displaying a loading image on a loading region to display a thumbnail image before the thumbnail image is displayed, animating the loading image displayed in the loading region such that a center coordinate of the loading image is maintained; and displaying the thumbnail image in the loading region, by substituting the loading image with the thumbnail image. The loading image represents a state in which the thumbnail image is loading, the animating the loading image comprises pivoting the loading image by a preset degree of an angle, and the pivoting the loading image by the preset degree of the angle comprises displaying a plurality of loading images by differentiating pivoting speeds of the plurality of loading images.

OPTICAL ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE MULTIPLEXING RECEIVER AND OPTICAL SIGNAL RECEIVING METHOD THEREOF

Provided is an optical OFDM receiver. The optical OFDM receiver receives an optical signal dependent on the nonlinearity of a transmitter. The optical OFDM receives includes an optical down converter, a nonlinearity compensator, and an OFDM demodulator. The optical down converter converts the optical signal into an electrical signal. The nonlinearity compensator filters the electrical signal, for compensating distortion which is added to the optical signal when the transmitter performs optical modulation. The OFDM demodulator demodulates the distortion-compensated electrical signal in an OFDM scheme. 1. An optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) receiver which receives an optical signal dependent on a nonlinearity of a transmitter , the optical OFDM receiver comprising:an optical down converter converting the optical signal into an electrical signal;a nonlinearity compensator filtering the electrical signal, for compensating distortion which is added to the optical signal when the transmitter performs optical modulation; andan OFDM demodulator demodulating the distortion-compensated electrical signal in an OFDM scheme;wherein the distortion is caused by a nonlinearity of an optical modulator which is comprised in the transmitter; an A/D converter converting the electrical signal into a digital signal; and', 'a digital filter compensating distortion, which is caused by the nonlinearity, from the digital signal., 'wherein the nonlinearity compensator comprises2. A reception method in an optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) receiver which receives an optical signal dependent on a nonlinearity of a transmitter , the reception method comprising:receiving the optical signal to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal;compensating distortion, which is caused by a nonlinearity of an optical modulator in the transmitter, from the electrical signal; anddemodulating the distortion-compensated signal in an OFDM scheme; ...

MASK SUPPORT FRAME AND MASK ASSEMBLY HAVING THE SAME

A mask support frame for supporting a mask is provided. The frame is configured to secure both ends of a mask and apply tension to the mask in a first direction. The frame includes a frame main body defining an opening for exposing a patterned opening area of the mask and an end tensioner coupled to the frame main body, and configured to apply tension to one of both ends of the mask in a second direction crossing the first direction. 1. A mask support frame for supporting a mask , the frame being configured to secure both ends of a mask and apply tension to the mask in a first direction , the frame comprising:a frame main body defining an opening for exposing a patterned opening area of the mask; andan end tensioner coupled to the frame main body, and configured to apply tension to one of both ends of the mask in a second direction crossing the first direction.2. The frame of claim 1 , wherein the frame is configured to secure additional multiple masks such that the masks are disposed side by side and arranged in the second direction.3. The frame of claim 2 , whereinthe frame main body comprises mask seats, each of which is configured to couple to an end of one of the masks, and a depression provided between two neighboring mask seats, andthe end tensioner is provided in the depression.4. The frame of claim 3 , whereinthe frame main body comprises a slide guide formed in the depression and extending in the second direction; andthe end tensioner comprises a slider engaged with the slide guide, configured to slide in the second direction, and further configured to be coupled to the mask.5. The frame of claim 4 , further comprising a separation prevention shaft extending through the slider in the second direction and connected to the frame main body.6. The frame of claim 4 , further comprising a tension adjustor configured to adjust the amount of tension in the second direction.7. The frame of claim 6 , wherein the tension adjuster comprises:a first rack coupled to the ...

METHOD FOR DETECTION OF RADIATION-INDUCED DAMAGE TO BIOMATERIAL USING MAGNETIC SENSOR AND MAGNETIC SENSOR BIOCHIP FOR BIODOSIMETRY USING THE SAME

Disclosed is a method for the detection of radiation-induced damage on a biomaterial using a magnetic sensor, and a magnetic sensor biochip for biodosimetry. Designed to utilize a magnetic sensor in detecting damage to biomaterials in vitro, the method and magnetic sensor biochip can accurately determine the degree of damage irrespective of the self-recovery of the organism. Thanks to their high sensitivity, the method and biochip can detect the biomaterial damage by exposure to even a low dose of radiation. 1. A method for detecting radiation-induced damage of a biomaterial , comprising:a) obtaining a biosample exposed to radiation;b) conjugating a magnetic nanoparticle with a target biomaterial contained in the biosample;c) coupling the magnetic nanoparticle-conjugated target biomaterial with a linker conjugated to a surface of a magnetic sensor to form a complex;d) exposing the coupled complex to radiation;e) measuring radiation-induced damage to the coupling between the linker and the target biomaterial in an electric signature of the magnetic sensor; andf) comparing the measurement with an electric signal of the magnetic sensor detected in a reference sample unexposed to radiation.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the linker is bound to the target biomaterial.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the linker is selected from the group consisting of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) claim 1 , RNA (ribonucleic acid) claim 1 , a ligand claim 1 , an antibody claim 1 , a protein claim 1 , an enzyme claim 1 , and a polypeptide.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target biomaterial is selected from the group consisting of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) claim 1 , RNA (ribonucleic acid) claim 1 , a ligand claim 1 , an antibody claim 1 , an antigen claim 1 , a protein claim 1 , an enzyme claim 1 , and a polypeptide.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the linker is conjugated to the magnetic sensor via an amphipathic molecule that is highly resistant to radiation.6. The method of ...

FPA MODULE FOR OBTAINING 3-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE

Provided is an FPA module capable of further improving a quality of an obtained 3-dimensional image by adjusting an interval of an arrangement of optical detectors and a size of the optical detector within an FPA module for obtaining the 3-dimensional image. An FPA module for obtaining a 3-dimensional image according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes a plurality of light detectors configured to detect light reflected from a monitoring target, in which the plurality of light detectors is disposed at different intervals according to positions. 1. A focal plane array (FPA) module for obtaining a 3-dimensional image for a monitoring target , the FPA module comprising:a plurality of light detectors configured to detect light reflected from the monitoring target,wherein the plurality of light detectors is disposed at different intervals according to positions.2. The FPA module of claim 1 , wherein a region in which the plurality of light detectors is disposed is divided into a high resolution region and a low resolution region claim 1 , and an interval between the light detectors disposed in the high resolution region is smaller than an interval between the light detectors disposed in the low resolution region.3. The FPA module of claim 1 , wherein the light detector comprises:a light receiving unit configured to generate an electrical signal by receiving light; anda pad configured to transfer the electrical signal to an external readout IC.4. The FPA module of claim 3 , wherein the light detector further comprises:a micro lens formed on the light receiving unit.5. A focal plane array (FPA) module for obtaining a 3-dimensional image for a monitoring target claim 3 , the FPA module comprising:a plurality of light detectors configured to detect light reflected from the monitoring target,wherein the plurality of light detectors has different sizes according to positions.6. The FPA module of claim 5 , wherein a region in which the plurality of ...

APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING 3D INFORMATION USING PHOTODETECTOR ARRAY

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for obtaining 3D information using a photodetector array. The apparatus for obtaining 3D information includes: a light source unit configured to generate an optical signal of a predetermined wavelength band; a light transmission optical lens unit provided on a path of the optical signal and configured to emit the optical signal output from the light source unit in parallel or at a predetermined angle; an optical scanning unit configured to scan the light output from the light transmission optical lens unit to a surface of an object to be measured; a light reception optical lens unit configured to collect the light reflected from the surface of the object; and a photodetection unit configured to convert collected optical signals into respective electrical signals by arraying one or more photodetectors such that light reception portions thereof are collected at a center. 1. An apparatus for obtaining 3D information , comprising:a light source unit configured to generate an optical signal of a predetermined wavelength band;a light transmission optical lens unit provided on a path of the optical signal and configured to emit the optical signal output from the light source unit in parallel or at a predetermined angle;an optical scanning unit configured to scan the light output from the light transmission optical lens unit to a surface of an object to be measured;a light reception optical lens unit configured to collect the light reflected from the surface of the object; anda photodetection unit configured to convert collected optical signals into respective electrical signals by arraying one or more photodetectors such that light reception portions thereof are collected at a center.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:an optical bandpass filter positioned in the front or rear of the light reception optical lens unit and configured to make a signal of a preset bandwidth among the incident optical signals pass.3. ...

Relay module for vehicle battery system

Disclosed herein is a relay module for a vehicle battery system. The relay module includes a movable unit configured to be moved by a magnetic field generated by a coil and a return spring within a relay. This movable unit controls a state of an electrical connection between relay electrodes. A microsensor installed between the movable unit and a fixed unit maintains a fixed location relative to the movable unit and is configured to induce a variation in an electrical physical quantity depending on a variation in a location of the movable unit relative to the fixed unit.

3D IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICE AND DRIVING METHOD THEREOF

A 3D image display device includes a 3D image display panel. A patterned retarder is formed on an entire surface of the 3D image display panel. 3D glasses include a lens. The lens includes an SG panel having liquid crystal molecules and a λ/4 plate on an upper surface of the SG panel. The 3D image display panel and the 3D glasses are synchronized. 1. A 3D image display device comprising:a 3D image display panel;a patterned retarder formed on an entire surface of the 3D image display panel; and3D glasses including a lens, the lens comprising an SG panel comprising liquid crystal molecules and a λ/4 plate on an upper surface of the SG panel,wherein the 3D image display panel and the 3D glasses are synchronized.2. The 3D image display device of claim 1 , wherein:the patterned retarder comprises a first retarder and a second retarder longitudinally extending in left and right directions and alternately disposed.3. The 3D image display device of claim 2 , wherein:the first retarder and the second retarder are formed of the λ/4 plate, andthe first retarder and the second retarder are disposed such that slow axes of the λ/4 plates have different directions.4. The 3D image display device of claim 3 , wherein:the 3D image display panel comprises a first pixel row corresponding to the first retarder, anda second pixel row corresponding to the second retarder.5. The 3D image display device of claim 4 , wherein:the first pixel row and the second pixel row are formed of one or more pixel rows.6. The 3D image display device of claim 3 , wherein:the 3D image display panel comprises:a liquid crystal panel comprising polarizers attached to a lower portion and an upper portion thereof; anda backlight.7. The 3D image display device of claim 1 , wherein:the lens comprises a left lens and a right lens, andthe left lens and the right lens each comprise the SG panel, a lens lower polarizer, a lens upper polarizer, and the λ/4 plate.8. The 3D image display device of claim 7 , wherein:the ...

MULTI-CHIP PACKAGE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A multi-chip package may include first and second semiconductor chips, an insulating layer structure and a plug structure. The first semiconductor chip may include a first bonding pad. The second semiconductor chip may be positioned over the first semiconductor chip. The second semiconductor chip may include a second bonding pad. The insulating layer structure may cover side surfaces and at least portions of upper surfaces of the semiconductor chips. The plug structure may be formed in the insulating layer structure by a plating process. The plug structure may be arranged spaced apart from side surfaces of the semiconductor chips to electrically connect the first bonding pad and the second bonding pad with each other. A third semiconductor chip having a third bonding pad may be positioned over the second semiconductor chip. Thus, a process for forming a micro bump between the plugs need not be performed. 1. A multi-chip package comprising:a first semiconductor chip having a first bonding pad;a second semiconductor chip arranged over the first semiconductor chip, the second semiconductor chip having a second bonding pad;an insulating layer structure configured to cover side surfaces and at least portions of upper surfaces of the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip; anda plug structure formed in the insulating layer structure by a plating process, the plug structure being spaced apart from the side surfaces of the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip, and configured to electrically connect the first bonding pad with the second bonding pad.2. The multi-chip package of claim 1 , wherein the plug structure comprises:a first seed layer formed on a bottom region of the insulating layer structure adjacent to a side surface of the first semiconductor chip;a first plug formed on the first seed layer by the plating process;a second seed layer extended from the first plug to the first bonding pad;a first redistribution layer formed ...

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention disclose a liquid crystal display (LCD) and a method of manufacturing the same. The LCD may have a display area and a peripheral area. An organic layer of the peripheral area may be patterned using a half-tone mask, and a protrusion member may be formed in the peripheral area. Accordingly, the thin film transistor array panel and the corresponding substrate may be prevented from being temporary adhered in the peripheral area such that the density of the liquid crystal molecules filled in the peripheral area may be uniformly maintained and the display quality of the liquid crystal display may be improved. 1. A liquid crystal display , comprising:a substrate comprising a display area and a peripheral area;a protrusion member pattern disposed in the peripheral area; andan organic layer disposed in the peripheral area,wherein the organic layer comprises a recess region, the recess region being a recess portion enclosing the protrusion member pattern.2. The liquid crystal display of claim 1 ,wherein a height of a first region of the organic layer is higher than a height of the recess region of the organic layer by more than about 1.0 μm, the first region being a region where the organic layer overlaps the protrusion member pattern, andwherein the protrusion member pattern has a column shape.3. The liquid crystal display of claim 2 , further comprising:a light blocking member disposed on the organic layer,wherein a height of a first region of the light blocking member is higher than a height of a second region of the light blocking member by more than 0.7 μm, the first region of the light blocking member overlaps the protrusion member pattern, and the second region of the light blocking member overlaps the recess region of the organic layer.4. The liquid crystal display of claim 3 , wherein the height of the first region of the light blocking member is higher than the height of the second region of the light blocking member ...

AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE WITH A GUARD RING STRUCTURE AND METHOD THEREOF

Disclosed are an avalanche photodiode with a guard ring structure that relieves edge breakdown by an external voltage which is applied through a metal pad which is attached to the guard ring and a manufacturing method thereof. An avalanche photodiode with a guard ring structure includes a plurality of semiconductor layers laminated on a substrate; an active region partially formed above the semiconductor layers; a guard ring which is formed above the semiconductor layers and disposed so as to be spaced apart from the active region and have a ring shape that encloses the active region; and a connecting unit formed on the semiconductor layers to be electrically connected to the guard ring so as to apply an external voltage to the guard ring region. Therefore, the external voltage is applied to the guard ring of the avalanche diode through the connecting unit to relieve the edge breakdown. 1. An avalanche photodiode with a guard ring structure , comprising:a plurality of semiconductor layers laminated on a substrate;an active region formed on the semiconductor layers;a guard ring disposed so as to be spaced apart from the active region and formed to have a ring shape that encloses the active region;an electrode formed on the active region; anda contact portion formed of an electric conductive material on the guard ring.2. The avalanche photodiode with a guard ring structure of claim 1 , wherein the contact portion applies an external voltage to the guard ring and the external voltage is determined by referring to a voltage detected from the electrode.3. The avalanche photodiode with a guard ring structure of claim 2 , wherein the contact portion is connected to a separate metal pad in order to easily apply the external voltage.4. A method of manufacturing an avalanche photodiode with a guard ring structure claim 2 , comprising:sequentially forming a plurality of semiconductor layers on a substrate;forming an active region on the semiconductor layers using a patterned ...

THIN FILM SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE COMPRISING A POLYCRYSTALLINE SEMICONDUCTOR LAYER FORMED ON AN INSULATION LAYER HAVING DIFFERENT THICKNESS

In an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display and a manufacturing method thereof, the OLED display includes a substrate main body; an insulation layer pattern formed on the substrate main body, and including a first thickness layer and a second thickness layer thinner than the first thickness layer; a metal catalyst that is scattered on the first thickness layer of the insulation layer pattern; and a polycrystalline semiconductor layer formed on the insulation layer pattern, and divided into a first crystal area corresponding to the first thickness layer and to a portion of the second thickness layer adjacent to the first thickness layer and a second crystal area corresponding to the remaining part of the second thickness layer. The first crystal area of the polycrystalline semiconductor layer is crystallized through the metal catalyst, and the second crystal area of the polycrystalline semiconductor layer is solid phase crystallized. 1. A method for manufacturing an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display , comprising:providing a substrate main body;forming an insulation layer on the substrate main body;scattering a metal catalyst on the insulation layer;forming an insulation layer pattern including a first thickness layer and a second thickness layer that is thinner than the first thickness layer by patterning the insulation layer on which the metal catalyst is scattered through a photolithography process;forming an amorphous silicon layer on the insulation layer pattern; andforming a polycrystalline semiconductor layer that is divided into a first crystal area that is crystallized through the metal catalyst by crystallizing the amorphous silicon layer and a second crystal area that is formed through solid phase crystallization (SPC).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal catalyst includes at least one of nickel (Ni) claim 1 , palladium (Pd) claim 1 , titanium (Ti) claim 1 , silver (Ag) claim 1 , gold (Au) claim 1 , tin (Sn) claim 1 , antimony (Sb) ...

DISPLAY PANEL AND A DISPLAY APPARATUS HAVING THE SAME

A display panel includes a first color subpixel, a second color subpixel and a transparent subpixel. The first color subpixel is connected to a first gate line. The second color subpixel is connected to the first gate line. The transparent subpixel is connected to the first gate line and a second gate line adjacent to the first gate line. 1. A display panel , comprising:a first color subpixel connected to a first gate line;a second color subpixel connected to the first gate line; anda transparent subpixel connected to the first gate line and a second gate line adjacent to the first gate line.2. The display panel of claim 1 , wherein the first color subpixel comprises a first transistor connected to the first gate line and a first data line claim 1 , and a first pixel electrode connected to the first transistor claim 1 ,the second color subpixel comprises a second transistor connected to the first gate line and a second data line, and a second pixel electrode connected to the second transistor, andthe transparent subpixel comprises a third transistor connected to the first gate line and a third data line, a fourth transistor connected to the second gate line and a fourth data line, and a third pixel electrode connected to the third and fourth transistors.3. The display panel of claim 2 , wherein the first color subpixel is red and the second color subpixel is green.4. The display panel of claim 2 , wherein the first color subpixel is red and the second color subpixel is blue.5. The display panel of claim 2 , wherein the first color subpixel is green and the second color subpixel is blue.6. A display apparatus claim 2 , comprising:a display panel comprising a first color subpixel having a first primary color, a second color subpixel having a second primary color and a transparent subpixel, the first and second color subpixels connected to a first gate line, the transparent subpixel connected to the first gate line and a second gate line;a light-source part configured ...