Production of highly oriented graphene oxide films and graphitic films derived therefrom

A process for producing a highly oriented graphene oxide (GO) film, comprising: (a) preparing either a GO dispersion having GO sheets dispersed in a fluid medium or a GO gel having GO molecules dissolved in a fluid medium; (b) dispensing the GO dispersion or gel onto a surface of an application roller rotating in a first direction to form an applicator layer of GO and transferring the applicator layer to a surface of a supporting film driven in a second direction opposite to the first direction to form a wet layer of GO on the supporting film; and (c) removing said fluid medium from the wet layer of GO to form a dried layer of GO having an inter-planar spacing dof 0.4 nm to 1.2 nm and an oxygen content no less than 5% by weight. This dried GO layer may be heat-treated to produce a graphitic film. 1. A process for producing a highly oriented graphene oxide film , said process comprising:(a) preparing either a graphene oxide dispersion having graphene oxide sheets dispersed in a fluid medium or a graphene oxide gel having graphene oxide molecules dissolved in a fluid medium, wherein said graphene oxide sheets or graphene oxide molecules contain an oxygen content higher than 5% by weight;(b) dispensing said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel onto a surface of an application roller rotating in a first direction at a first line velocity to form an applicator layer of graphene oxide, wherein said application roller transfers said applicator layer of graphene oxide to a surface of a supporting film driven in a second direction opposite to said first direction at a second line velocity, to form a wet layer of graphene oxide on said supporting film; and{'sub': '002', '(c) at least partially removing said fluid medium from the wet layer of graphene oxide to form a dried layer of graphene oxide having an inter-planar spacing dof 0.4 nm to 1.2 nm as determined by X-ray diffraction and an oxygen content no less than 5% by weight.'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein ...

Rechargeable lithium-sulfur battery having a high capacity and long cycle life

A rechargeable lithium-sulfur cell comprising an anode, a separator and/or electrolyte, and a sulfur cathode, wherein the cathode comprises (a) exfoliated graphite worms that are interconnected to form a porous, conductive graphite flake network comprising pores having a size smaller than 100 nm; and (b) nano-scaled powder or coating of sulfur, sulfur compound, or lithium polysulfide disposed in the pores or coated on graphite flake surfaces wherein the powder or coating has a dimension less than 100 nm. The exfoliated graphite worm amount is in the range of 1% to 90% by weight and the amount of powder or coating is in the range of 99% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of exfoliated graphite worms and sulfur (sulfur compound or lithium polysulfide) combined. The cell exhibits an exceptionally high specific energy and a long cycle life.

Unitary graphene material-based integrated finned heat sink

A unitary graphene-based integrated heat sink comprising a heat collection member (base) and at least one heat dissipation member (e.g. fins) integral to the baser, wherein the base is configured to be in thermal contact with a heat source, collects heat therefrom, and dissipates heat through the fins. The unitary graphene material is obtained from heat-treating a graphene oxide gel at a temperature higher than 100° C., 500° C., 1,250° C., or 2,000° C., and contains chemically bonded graphene molecules having inter-graphene distance of 0.3354-0.4 nm (preferably <0.337 nm). The unitary graphene material is a graphene single crystal, a poly-crystal with incomplete grain boundaries, or a poly-crystal having large grain sizes (e.g. >mm or cm), exhibiting a degree of graphitization preferably from 1% to 100% and a Mosaic spread value less than 0.7 (preferably no greater than 0.4). The finned heat sink may also be made from a filler-reinforced graphene matrix composite. 1. An integrated heat sink comprising a unitary graphene material article composed of a heat collection member and at least one heat dissipation member integral to said heat collection member , wherein the heat collection member is configured to be in thermal contact with a heat source , collects heat from said heat source , and dissipates heat through the at least one heat dissipation member , and further wherein the unitary graphene material is obtained from heat-treating a graphene oxide gel at a heat treatment temperature higher than 100° C. and contains chemically bonded graphene molecules or chemically merged graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing no greater than 0.40 nm.2. The integrated heat sink of claim 1 , wherein the unitary graphene material further contains a discrete filler or reinforcement phase dispersed in said unitary graphene material to form a unitary graphene matrix composite structure and said filler or reinforcement phase contains a particle claim 1 , filament claim 1 , ...

Flexible fingerprint sensor materials and processes

A flexible fingerprint sensor laminate comprising: a layer of flexible substrate having a front surface and a back surface, at least a domain of electrically conductive material deposited on the front surface, a protective hard coating layer that covers the domain of electrically conductive material, and a plurality of sensor electrodes deposited preferably on the back surface and related circuitry (e.g. integrated circuit for driving and sensing). Preferably, the layer of flexible substrate is no greater than 20 μm in thickness, the domain of electrically conductive material has a thickness no greater than 2 μm, the protective hard coating has a thickness no greater than 1 μm, and the laminate has a surface sheet resistance no greater than 200 Ohm per square and surface scratch resistance no less than 3 H. The laminate exhibits good scratch resistance, low sheet resistance, good flexibility and mechanical integrity. The invention also provides a biometric sensor, such as a fingerprint ...

Inorganic coating-protected unitary graphene material for concentrated photovoltaic applications

This invention provides an inorganic coating-protected unitary graphene material article for concentrated photovoltaic cell heat dissipation. The article comprises at least a layer of unitary graphene material having two primary surfaces and an electrically non-conducting layer of inorganic coating deposited on at least one of the primary surfaces, wherein the unitary graphene material is obtained from heat-treating a graphene oxide gel at a heat treatment temperature higher than 100° C. and contains chemically bonded graphene molecules or chemically merged graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing no greater than 0.40 nm, preferably less than 0.337 nm, and most preferably less than 0.3346 nm. 1. An inorganic coating-protected unitary graphene material article for concentrated photovoltaic cell heat dissipation , said article comprising at least a layer of unitary graphene material having two primary surfaces and an electrically non-conducting layer of inorganic coating deposited on at least one of said primary surfaces , wherein said unitary graphene material is obtained from heat-treating a graphene oxide gel at a heat treatment temperature higher than 100° C. and contains chemically bonded graphene molecules or chemically merged graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing no greater than 0.40 nm.2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the unitary graphene material further contains a discrete filler or reinforcement phase dispersed in said unitary graphene material to form a unitary graphene matrix composite structure and said filler or reinforcement phase contains a particle claim 1 , filament claim 1 , nano-tube claim 1 , nano-wire claim 1 , or nano-rod of a metal claim 1 , ceramic claim 1 , glass claim 1 , polymer claim 1 , carbon claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The article of claim 1 , wherein the unitary graphene material further contains a discrete solid carbon claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , or graphene filler phase dispersed ...

Unitary graphene material-based integrated finned heat sink

A unitary graphene-based integrated heat sink comprising a heat collection member (base) and at least one heat dissipation member (e.g. fins) integral to the baser, wherein the base is configured to be in thermal contact with a heat source, collects heat therefrom, and dissipates heat through the fins. The unitary graphene material is obtained from heat-treating a graphene oxide gel at a temperature higher than 100° C., 500° C., 1,250° C., or 2,000° C., and contains chemically bonded graphene molecules having inter-graphene distance of 0.3354-0.4 nm (preferably <0.337 nm). The unitary graphene material is a graphene single crystal, a poly-crystal with incomplete grain boundaries, or a poly-crystal having large grain sizes (e.g. >mm or cm), exhibiting a degree of graphitization preferably from 1% to 100% and a Mosaic spread value less than 0.7 (preferably no greater than 0.4). The finned heat sink may also be made from a filler-reinforced graphene matrix composite.

Process for producing highly conducting and transparent films from graphene oxide-metal nanowire hybrid materials

A process for producing a transparent conductive film, comprising (a) providing a graphene oxide gel; (b) dispersing metal nanowires in the graphene oxide gel to form a suspension; (c) dispensing and depositing the suspension onto a substrate; and (d) removing the liquid medium to form the film. The film is composed of metal nanowires and graphene oxide with a metal nanowire-to-graphene oxide weight ratio from 1/99 to 99/1, wherein the metal nanowires contain no surface-borne metal oxide or metal compound and the film exhibits an optical transparence no less than 80% and sheet resistance no higher than 300 ohm/square. This film can be used as a transparent conductive electrode in an electro-optic device, such as a photovoltaic or solar cell, light-emitting diode, photo-detector, touch screen, electro-wetting display, liquid crystal display, plasma display, LED display, a TV screen, a computer screen, or a mobile phone screen.

PROCESS FOR NANO GRAPHENE PLATELET-REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIAL

A process for producing a nanographene platelet-reinforced composite material having nanographene platelets or sheets (NGPs) as a first reinforcement phase dispersed in a matrix material and the first reinforcement phase occupies a weight fraction of 1-90% based on the total composite weight. Preferably, these NGPs, alone or in combination with a second reinforcement phase, are bonded by an adhesive and constitute a continuous 3-D network of electron- and phonon-conducting paths. 1. A process for producing a nanographene platelet-reinforced composite material comprising(a) providing a plurality of nanographene platelets;(b) bonding said nanographene platelets with an adhesive material to form a porous preform having a three-dimensional network of continuous electron- and phonon-conducting paths;(c) impregnating said porous preform with a matrix material to form an impregnated preform; and(d) solidifying said impregnated preform to produce said nanographene platelet-reinforced composite material.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising a step of compression claim 1 , before or after said step of impregnating said porous preform.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising a step of heat treatment at a temperature from 500° C. to 2 claim 1 ,500° C.4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising a step of coating said nanographene platelet-reinforced composite material with a high-emissivity material.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein said high-emissivity material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide claim 4 , zinc oxide claim 4 , aluminum nitride claim 4 , titanium oxide claim 4 , boron nitride claim 4 , silicon carbide claim 4 , silicon nitride claim 4 , gallium nitride claim 4 , and combinations thereof.6. The process of claim 1 , further comprising a step of assembling multiple pieces of nanographene platelet-reinforced composite material into a finned unit.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein said nanographene platelets comprise 15 to 90 ...

Process for producing graphene foam laminate-based sealing materials

Provided is a process for producing a graphene foam laminate for use as a sealing material, the process comprising (a) providing a layer of graphene foam; and (b) laminating the layer of graphene foam with one layer of permeation-resistant polymer to form a two-layer laminate or with two layers of permeation-resistant polymer to form a three-layer laminate wherein the graphene foam layer is sandwiched between the two permeation-resistant polymer layers. The two permeation-resistant polymer layers can be the same or different in composition. The product is a new, novel, unexpected, and patently distinct class of highly conducting, elastic, thermally stable, and strong sealing materials.

Anti-corrosion coating composition

Provided is a humic acid-based coating suspension comprising humic acid, particles of an anti-corrosive pigment or sacrificial metal, and a binder resin dissolved or dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein the humic acid has a weight fraction from 0.1% to 50% based on the total coating suspension weight excluding the liquid medium. Also provided is an object or structure coated at least in part with such a coating.

GRAPHENE FOAM LAMINATE-BASED SEALING MATERIALS

Provided is a graphene foam laminate for use as a sealing material, comprising: (a) a layer of graphene foam having a thickness from 100 nm to 10 cm and comprising pores and pore walls having a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes or graphene sheets; and (b) a permeation-resistant polymer layer disposed on a primary surface of the graphene foam to form a two-layer laminate or two permeation-resistant polymer layers disposed on the two primary surfaces of the graphene foam to form a three-layer sandwich laminate, wherein the permeation-resistant polymer layer has a thickness from 10 nm to 1 cm. 1. A graphene foam laminate , said laminate comprising: (a) a layer of graphene foam having a thickness from 100 nm to 10 cm and comprising pores and pore walls having a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes or graphene sheets; and (b) a permeation-resistant polymer layer disposed on a primary surface of the graphene foam to form a two-layer laminate or two permeation-resistant polymer layers disposed on the two primary surfaces of the graphene foam to form a three-layer sandwich laminate , wherein said permeation-resistant polymer layer has a thickness from 10 nm to 1 cm.2. The graphene foam laminate of claim 1 , wherein said graphene sheets are selected from the group consisting of pristine graphene claim 1 , graphene oxide claim 1 , reduced graphene oxide claim 1 , graphene fluoride claim 1 , graphene chloride claim 1 , graphene bromide claim 1 , graphene iodide claim 1 , hydrogenated graphene claim 1 , nitrogenated graphene claim 1 , chemically functionalized graphene claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The graphene foam laminate of claim 1 , wherein said graphene foam has a density from 0.01 to 1.7 g/cmor a specific surface area from 50 to 2 claim 1 ,600 m/g.4. The graphene foam laminate of claim 1 , wherein said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing dfrom 0.3354 nm to 0.36 nm and a content of non-carbon elements less ...

Flexible fingerprint sensor materials and processes

A flexible fingerprint sensor laminate comprising: a layer of flexible substrate having a front surface and a back surface, at least a domain of electrically conductive material deposited on the front surface, a protective hard coating layer that covers the domain of electrically conductive material, and a plurality of sensor electrodes deposited preferably on the back surface and related circuitry (e.g. integrated circuit for driving and sensing). Preferably, the layer of flexible substrate is no greater than 20 μm in thickness, the domain of electrically conductive material has a thickness no greater than 2 μm, the protective hard coating has a thickness no greater than 1 μm, and the laminate has a surface sheet resistance no greater than 200 Ohm per square and surface scratch resistance no less than 3 H. The laminate exhibits good scratch resistance, low sheet resistance, good flexibility and mechanical integrity. The invention also provides a biometric sensor, such as a fingerprint sensor. The invention further provides a process for producing such a sensor laminate. 1. A flexible fingerprint sensor laminate comprising: a layer of flexible substrate having a front surface and a back surface , one domain or multiple domains of electrically conductive material deposited on said front surface , a protective hard coating layer that covers at least one domain of electrically conductive material , and a plurality of sensor electrodes configured to enable identification of a fingerprint of a finger placed in a fingerprint sensing area defined on or near said protective hard coating , wherein said layer of flexible substrate is no greater than 50 μm in thickness , said one domain or multiple domains of electrically conductive material have a thickness no greater than 10 μm , said protective hard coating has a thickness no greater than 5 μm , and said laminate has a surface sheet resistance no greater than 10 ,000 Ohm per square and surface scratch resistance no less ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING GRAPHENE OXIDE-BONDED METAL FOIL THIN FILM CURRENT COLLECTOR FOR A BATTERY OR SUPERCAPACITOR

A process for producing a thin film graphene oxide-bonded metal foil current collector for a battery or supercapacitor, comprising: (a) preparing a graphene oxide gel having graphene oxide (GO) molecules dissolved in a fluid medium; (b) depositing a layer of GO gel onto at least one of two primary surfaces of a metal foil to form a layer of wet graphene oxide gel, wherein the depositing procedure includes shear-induced thinning of the GO gel; (c) partially or completely removing said fluid medium from the deposited wet layer to form a dry film of GO having an inter-plane spacing dof 0.4 nm to 1.2 nm as determined by X-ray diffraction; and (d) heat treating the dry film of graphene oxide to form the thin film graphene oxide-bonded metal foil current collector at a heat treatment temperature from 80° C. to 2,500° C. 1. A process for producing a thin film graphene oxide-bonded metal foil current collector for a battery or supercapacitor , said process comprising: (a) preparing a graphene oxide gel having graphene oxide molecules dissolved in a fluid medium wherein said graphene oxide molecules contain an oxygen content higher than 20% by weight; (b) dispensing and depositing a layer of said graphene oxide gel onto at least one of two primary surfaces of a metal foil to form a layer of wet graphene oxide gel deposited thereon , wherein said dispensing and depositing procedure includes shear-induced thinning of said graphene oxide gel; (c) partially or completely removing said fluid medium from the deposited wet layer of graphene oxide gel to form a dry film of graphene oxide having an inter-plane spacing dof 0.4 nm to 1.2 nm as determined by X-ray diffraction and an oxygen content no less than 20% by weight; and (d) heat treating the dry film of graphene oxide to form said thin film graphene oxide-bonded metal foil current collector at a heat treatment temperature from 80° C. to 2 ,500° C. to an extent that an inter-plane spacing dis decreased to a value of from 0.335 ...

GRAPHENE OXIDE-BONDED METAL FOIL THIN FILM CURRENT COLLECTOR AND BATTERY AND SUPERCAPACITOR CONTAINING SAME

A graphene oxide-bonded metal foil current collector in a battery or supercapacitor, comprising: (a) a free-standing, non-supported thin metal foil having a thickness from 1 μm to 30 μm and two primary surfaces; and (b) a thin film of graphene oxide chemically bonded to at least one of the two primary surfaces without using a binder or adhesive wherein the primary surface does not contain a metal oxide layer and the thin film of graphene oxide has a thickness from 10 nm to 10 μm, an oxygen content from 0.1% to 10% by weight, an inter-graphene plane spacing of 0.335 to 0.50 nm, a physical density from 1.3 to 2.2 g/cm, all graphene oxide sheets being oriented substantially parallel to each other and parallel to the primary surfaces, exhibiting a thermal conductivity greater than 500 W/mK, and/or electrical conductivity greater than 1,500 S/cm when measured alone without the thin metal foil. 1. A graphene oxide-bonded metal foil current collector in a battery or supercapacitor , said current collector comprising:(a) a free-standing, non-supported thin metal foil having a thickness from 1 μm to 30 μm and two opposed but parallel primary surfaces; and{'sup': '3', '(b) a thin film of graphene oxide sheets chemically bonded to at least one of said two opposed primary surfaces of said metal foil without using a binder or adhesive wherein said at least one primary surface does not contain a layer of passivating metal oxide and wherein said thin film of graphene oxide has a thickness from 10 nm to 10 μm, an oxygen content from 0.1% to 10% by weight, an inter-graphene plane spacing of 0.335 to 0.50 nm, a physical density from 1.3 to 2.2 g/cm, all graphene oxide sheets being oriented substantially parallel to each other and parallel to said primary surfaces, exhibiting a thermal conductivity greater than 500 W/mK, and/or electrical conductivity greater than 1,500 S/cm when measured alone without said thin metal foil.'}2. The current collector of claim 1 , wherein each of said ...

HIGHLY CONDUCTING AND TRANSPARENT FILM AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SAME

An optically transparent and electrically conductive film composed of metal nanowires or carbon nanotubes combined with pristine graphene with a metal nanowire-to-graphene or carbon nanotube-to-graphene weight ratio from 1/99 to 99/1, wherein the pristine graphene is single-crystalline and contains no oxygen and no hydrogen, and the film exhibits an optical transparence no less than 80% and sheet resistance no higher than 300 ohm/square. This film can be used as a transparent conductive electrode in an electro-optic device, such as a photovoltaic or solar cell, light-emitting diode, photo-detector, touch screen, electro-wetting display, liquid crystal display, plasma display, LED display, a TV screen, a computer screen, or a mobile phone screen. 1. An optically transparent and electrically conductive film composed of metal nanowires or carbon nanotubes combined with pristine graphene with a metal nanowire-to-graphene or carbon nanotube-to-graphene weight ratio of from 1/99 to 99/1 , wherein said pristine graphene is single-crystalline and contains no oxygen and no hydrogen , and said film exhibits an optical transparence no less than 80% and sheet resistance no higher than 300 ohm/square.2. The optically transparent and electrically conductive film of claim 1 , wherein said metal nanowires are selected from nanowires of silver (Ag) claim 1 , gold (Au) claim 1 , copper (Cu) claim 1 , platinum (Pt) claim 1 , zinc (Zn) claim 1 , cadmium (Cd) claim 1 , cobalt (Co) claim 1 , molybdenum (Mo) claim 1 , aluminum (Al) claim 1 , an alloy thereof claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The optically transparent and electrically conductive film of claim 1 , wherein said metal nanowires contain silver nanowires.4. The optically transparent and electrically conductive film of claim 1 , wherein said metal nanowires contain copper nanowires.5. The optically transparent and electrically conductive film of claim 1 , wherein said metal nanowires is selected from nanowires of a ...

ANTI-CORROSION COATING COMPOSITION

Provided is a humic acid-based coating suspension comprising humic acid, particles of an anti-corrosive pigment or sacrificial metal, and a binder resin dissolved or dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein the humic acid has a weight fraction from 0.1% to 50% based on the total coating suspension weight excluding the liquid medium. Also provided is an object or structure coated at least in part with such a coating. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. (canceled)15. A coating comprising humic acid , particles of an anti-corrosive pigment or sacrificial metal , and a binder resin , wherein said humic acid occupies a weight fraction from 0.1% to 50% based on the total coating weight.16. The object or structure of claim 15 , wherein said anti-corrosive pigment or sacrificial metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminum claim 15 , chromium claim 15 , zinc claim 15 , beryllium claim 15 , magnesium claim 15 , an alloy thereof claim 15 , zinc phosphate claim 15 , and combinations thereof.17. The object or structure of claim 15 , wherein said coating has a thickness from 1 nm to 1.0 mm.18. The object or structure of claim 15 , wherein said binder resin comprises a material selected from the group consisting of ester resin claim 15 , a neopentyl glycol (NPG) claim 15 , ethylene glycol (EG) claim 15 , isophthalic acid claim 15 , a terephthalic acid claim 15 , a urethane resin claim 15 , a urethane ester resin claim 15 , an acrylic resin claim 15 , an acrylic urethane resin claim 15 , and combinations thereof.19. The object or structure of claim 15 , wherein said binder resin comprises a curing agent and/or a coupling agent in an amount of 1 to 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.20. The object or structure of claim 15 , wherein said binder resin comprises a thermally curable resin containing a ...

PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR GRAPHENE-BASED ELASTIC HEAT SPREADER FILMS

Provided is a process for producing an elastic heat spreader film, the process comprising: (a) providing a layer of an aggregate or cluster of multiple graphene sheets; (b) impregnating an elastomer or rubber into the aggregate or cluster as a binder material or a matrix material to produce an impregnated aggregate or cluster, wherein the multiple graphene sheets are bonded by the binder material or dispersed in the matrix material and the elastomer or rubber is in an amount from 0.001% to 20% by weight based on the total heat spreader film weight; and (c) compressing the impregnated aggregate or cluster to produce the heat spreader film wherein the multiple graphene sheets are substantially aligned to be parallel to one another and wherein the elastic heat spreader film has a fully recoverable tensile elastic strain from 2% to 100% and an in-plane thermal conductivity from 200 W/mK to 1,750 W/mK. 1. A process for producing an elastic heat spreader film , said process comprising (a) a procedure of forming a layer of an aggregate or cluster of multiple oriented/aligned graphene sheets that are substantially parallel to one another and (b) a procedure of combining said graphene sheets with a rubber or elastomer to form an elastomer/rubber-impregnated aggregate/cluster of multiple oriented/aligned graphene sheets in such a manner that the rubber or elastomer chains fill in a gap or defect between graphene sheets and/or chemically bond to graphene sheets or the graphene sheets are dispersed in a matrix containing said elastomer or rubber , wherein said elastomer or rubber is in an amount from 0.001% to 20% by weight based on the total heat spreader film weight and wherein said elastic heat spreader film has a fully recoverable tensile elastic strain from 2% to 100% and an in-plane thermal conductivity from 200 W/mK to 1 ,750 W/mK.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine ...

UNITARY GRAPHENE-BASED COMPOSITE MATERIAL

A unitary graphene-based integrated heat sink comprising a heat collection member (base) and at least one heat dissipation member (e.g. fins) integral to the baser, wherein the base is configured to be in thermal contact with a heat source, collects heat therefrom, and dissipates heat through the fins. The unitary graphene material is obtained from heat-treating a graphene oxide gel at a temperature higher than 100° C., 500° C., 1,250° C., or 2,000° C., and contains chemically bonded graphene molecules having inter-graphene distance of 0.3354-0.4 nm (preferably <0.337 nm). The unitary graphene material is a graphene single crystal, a poly-crystal with incomplete grain boundaries, or a poly-crystal having large grain sizes (e.g. >mm or cm), exhibiting a degree of graphitization preferably from 1% to 100% and a Mosaic spread value less than 0.7 (preferably no greater than 0.4). The finned heat sink may also be made from a filler-reinforced graphene matrix composite. 1. A thermally conductive composite material comprising a unitary graphene matrix material , the unitary graphene matrix material being single crystal or polycrystalline; having a physical density from 1.7 g/cmto 2.24 g/cm; an inter-graphene spacing dfrom 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm; an oxygen content from 0.001% to 10%; a degree of graphitization from 1% to 100%; and a thermal conductivity from 600 W/mK to 1 ,800 W/mK and containing chemically bonded graphene molecules or chemically merged graphene planes wherein said graphene planes in a crystal grain are essentially parallel to one another with an average misorientation angle less than 10 degrees; further comprising a filler or reinforcement phase in the shape of a particle , filament , nanotube , nanowire , nanorod , and combinations thereof; selected from a metal , ceramic , glass , polymer , carbon , and combinations thereof.2. The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1 , wherein the filler or reinforcement phase is chemically bonded by the ...

GRAPHENE-BASED ELASTIC HEAT SPREADER FILMS

Provided is a elastic heat spreader film comprising: (a) an elastomer or rubber as a binder material or a matrix material; and (b) multiple graphene sheets that are bonded by the binder material or dispersed in the matrix material, wherein the multiple graphene sheets are substantially aligned to be parallel to one another and wherein the elastomer or rubber is in an amount from 0.001% to 20% by weight based on the total heat spreader film weight; wherein the multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof; and wherein the elastic heat spreader film has a fully recoverable tensile elastic strain from 2% to 100% and an in-plane thermal conductivity from 200 W/mK to 1,750 W/mK. 2. The elastic heat spreader film of claim 1 , wherein said elastomer or rubber contains a material selected from natural polyisoprene claim 1 , synthetic polyisoprene claim 1 , polybutadiene claim 1 , chloroprene rubber claim 1 , polychloroprene claim 1 , butyl rubber claim 1 , styrene-butadiene rubber claim 1 , nitrile rubber claim 1 , ethylene propylene rubber claim 1 , ethylene propylene diene rubber claim 1 , metallocene-based poly(ethylene-co-octene) elastomer claim 1 , poly(ethylene-co-butene) elastomer claim 1 , styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene elastomer claim 1 , epichlorohydrin rubber claim 1 , polyacrylic rubber claim 1 , silicone rubber claim 1 , fluorosilicone rubber claim 1 , perfluoro-elastomers claim 1 , polyether block amides claim 1 , chlorosulfonated polyethylene claim 1 , ethylene-vinyl acetate claim 1 , thermoplastic elastomer claim 1 , protein resilin claim 1 , protein elastin claim 1 , ethylene oxide-epichlorohydrin copolymer claim 1 , polyurethane claim 1 , urethane-urea ...

Graphene Electrode Based Ceramic Capacitor

A ceramic capacitor comprising at least a dielectric ceramic layer and at least a graphene electrode layer deposited on the ceramic layer, wherein the graphene electrode layer has a thickness no less than 2 nm and consists of a graphene material or a graphene composite material containing at least 0.1% by weight of a graphene material dispersed in a matrix material or bonded by a binder material, wherein the graphene material is selected from (a) a plurality of single-layer or multi-layer pristine graphene sheets having less than 0.01% by weight of non-carbon elements, or (b) one or a plurality of a non-pristine graphene material having at least 0.01% by weight of non-carbon elements, wherein the non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof. 1. A ceramic capacitor comprising at least a dielectric ceramic layer and at least an electrode layer deposited on said dielectric ceramic layer , wherein said electrode layer consists of a graphene electrode layer or an exfoliated graphite electrode layer being in direct contact with or bonded to said dielectric ceramic layer and wherein said graphene electrode layer has a thickness no less than 2 nm and consists of multiple discrete sheets of a graphene material stacked together or a graphene composite material containing from 0.1% to 99% by weight of multiple discrete sheets of a graphene material dispersed in a matrix material or bonded by a binder material to form said graphene electrode layer;wherein said graphene material is selected from (a) single-layer or multi-layer pristine graphene sheets having less than 0.01% by weight of non-carbon elements or (b) single-layer or multi-layer non-pristine graphene sheets having at least 0.01% by weight of non-carbon elements;wherein said multi-layer ...

POLYMER-DERIVED ELASTIC HEAT SPREADER FILMS

Provided is an elastic heat spreader film comprising: a) a graphitic film prepared from graphitization of a polymer film or pitch film, wherein the graphitic film has graphitic crystals parallel to one another and parallel to a film plane, having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.34 nm, and wherein the graphitic film alone, after compression, has a thermal conductivity at least 600 W/mK, an electrical conductivity no less than 4,000 S/cm, and a physical density greater than 1.7 g/cm; and b) an elastomer or rubber that permeates into the graphitic film from at least a surface of the film; wherein the elastomer or rubber is in an amount from 0.001% to 30% by weight based on the total heat spreader film weight. The elastic heat spreader film has a fully recoverable tensile elastic strain from 2% to 100% and an in-plane thermal conductivity from 100 W/mK to 1,750 W/mK. 1. An elastic heat spreader film comprising:{'sup': '3', 'A) A graphitic film prepared from graphitization of a polymer film or pitch film, wherein said graphitic film has graphitic crystals substantially parallel to one another and parallel to a film plane, having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.34 nm in said graphitic crystals, and wherein said graphitic film has a thermal conductivity of at least 600 W/mK, an electrical conductivity no less than 4,000 S/cm, and a physical density greater than 1.5 g/cm, all measured without the presence of a resin; and'}B) an elastomer or rubber that permeates into said graphitic film from at least a surface of said graphitic film; wherein said elastomer or rubber is in an amount from 0.001% to 30% by weight based on the total heat spreader film weight;wherein said elastic heat spreader film has a fully recoverable tensile elastic strain from 2% to 100% and an in-plane thermal conductivity from 100 W/mK to 1,750 W/mK.2. The elastic heat spreader film of claim 1 , wherein said elastomer or rubber contains a material selected from natural polyisoprene claim 1 , ...

Graphene Oxide-Metal Nanowire Transparent Conductive Film

A process for producing a transparent conductive film, comprising (a) providing a graphene oxide gel; (b) dispersing metal nanowires in the graphene oxide gel to form a suspension; (c) dispensing and depositing the suspension onto a substrate; and (d) removing the liquid medium to form the film. The film is composed of metal nanowires and graphene oxide with a metal nanowire-to-graphene oxide weight ratio from 1/99 to 99/1, wherein the metal nanowires contain no surface-borne metal oxide or metal compound and the film exhibits an optical transparence no less than 80% and sheet resistance no higher than 300 ohm/square. This film can be used as a transparent conductive electrode in an electro-optic device, such as a photovoltaic or solar cell, light-emitting diode, photo-detector, touch screen, electro-wetting display, liquid crystal display, plasma display, LED display, a TV screen, a computer screen, or a mobile phone screen. 1. An optically transparent and electrically conductive film composed of metal nanowires and graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide , having a metal nanowire-to-graphene oxide weight ratio of from 1/9 to 9/1 , wherein said metal nanowires are essentially free of surface-borne metal oxides or metal compounds and said film exhibits an optical transparence no less than 80% and sheet resistance no higher than 300 ohm/square.2. The optically transparent and electrically conductive film of claim 1 , where said metal nanowires have a length to thickness or diameter ratio greater than 3 and the smallest dimension of said metal nanowires is no greater than 200 nm.3. The optically transparent and electrically conductive film of claim 1 , where the smallest dimension of said metal nanowires is no greater than 100 nm.4. The optically transparent and electrically conductive film of claim 1 , where said metal nanowires are selected from the group consisting of silver (Ag) claim 1 , gold (Au) claim 1 , copper (Cu) claim 1 , platinum (Pt) claim 1 , zinc (Zn) ...

PROCESS FOR HIGHLY CONDUCTIVE GRAPHITIC THICK FILMS

Provided is a process for producing a multi-layer graphitic laminate, the process comprising: (A) providing a plurality of graphitic films or graphene layers, wherein at least one of said graphene layers is selected from a sheet of graphene paper, graphene fabric, graphene film, graphene membrane, or graphene foam; and (B) laminating at least two of the graphitic films and graphene layers and a conductive adhesive layer disposed between the two graphitic films or graphene layers to form the multi-layer graphitic laminate, wherein the conductive adhesive layer comprises graphene sheets or expanded graphite flakes dispersed in or bonded by an adhesive resin and the graphene sheets or expanded graphite flakes occupy a weight fraction from 0.01% to 99% based on the total conductive adhesive weight. 1. A process for producing a multi-layer graphitic laminate , said process comprising:a) providing two carbon-based layers selected from graphitic films and graphene layers, wherein at least one of said graphene layers is selected from a sheet of graphene paper, graphene fabric, graphene film, graphene membrane, or graphene foam and said graphene is selected from pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof; andb) laminating at least two of said carbon-based layers and at least one conductive adhesive layer disposed between said carbon-based layers to form said multi-layer graphitic laminate, wherein said conductive adhesive layer comprises graphene sheets or expanded graphite flakes dispersed in or bonded by an adhesive resin and said graphene sheets or expanded graphite flakes occupy a weight fraction from 0.01% to 99% based on the total conductive adhesive weight.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said step of providing one or a plurality of graphitic films ...

HIGHLY CONDUCTIVE GRAPHITIC THICK FILMS AND METHOD OF PRODUCTION

Provided is a multi-layer graphitic laminate comprising at least two graphitic films or graphene layers and a layer of conductive adhesive disposed between the two graphitic films or graphene layers and bonded thereto, wherein the conductive adhesive layer comprises graphene sheets or expanded graphite flakes disperse in or bonded by an adhesive resin, and the graphene sheets or expanded graphite flakes occupy a weight fraction from 0.01% to 99% based on the total conductive adhesive weight. 1. A multi-layer graphitic laminate comprising at least two carbon-based layers selected from graphitic films and graphene layers and a layer of conductive adhesive disposed between said carbon-based layers and bonded thereto , wherein said conductive adhesive layer comprises graphene sheets or expanded graphite flakes and an adhesive resin , and said graphene sheets or expanded graphite flakes occupy a weight fraction from 0.01% to 99% based on the total conductive adhesive weight.2. The multi-layer graphitic laminate of claim 1 , wherein said laminate has a thickness from 20 μm to 500 μm claim 1 , said conductive adhesive layer has a thickness from 5 nm to 15 μm claim 1 , and/or said graphitic films or graphene layers have a thickness greater than 20 μm.3. The multi-layer graphitic laminate of claim 1 , having an in-plane thermal conductivity from 1 claim 1 ,200 to 1 claim 1 ,750 W/mK or an in-plane electric conductivity from 2 claim 1 ,000 to 20 claim 1 ,000 S/cm.4. The multi-layer graphitic laminate of claim 1 , wherein said conductive adhesive layer has a thickness from 10 nm to 2 μm.5. The multi-layer graphitic laminate of claim 1 , having a physical density from 1.5 g/cmto 2.26 g/cmwhen comprising no metallic claim 1 , ceramic claim 1 , or glass filler dispersed therein.6. The multi-layer graphitic laminate of claim 1 , wherein said graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non ...

Nano graphene platelet-reinforced composite heat sinks and process for producing same

An integrated heat sink article composed of a heat collection member and at least one heat dissipation member integral to the heat collection member, wherein the heat collection member is configured to be in thermal contact with a heat source, collects heat from the heat source, and dissipates heat through the at least one heat dissipation member, and further wherein the heat sink is formed of a nano graphene platelet-reinforced composite having nano graphene platelets or sheets (NGPs) as a first reinforcement phase dispersed in a matrix material and the first reinforcement phase occupies a weight fraction of 1-90% based on the total composite weight. Preferably, these NGPs, alone or in combination with a second reinforcement phase, are bonded by an adhesive and constitute a continuous 3-D network of electron- and phonon-conducting paths. 1. An integrated heat sink article composed of a heat collection member and at least one heat dissipation member integral to said heat collection member , wherein the heat collection member is configured to be in thermal contact with a heat source , collects heat from said heat source , and dissipates heat through the at least one heat dissipation member , and further wherein the heat sink is formed of a nano graphene platelet-reinforced composite having discrete nano graphene platelets or sheets (NGPs) as a first reinforcement phase dispersed in a matrix material and said NGPs occupy a weight fraction of 1-90% based on the total composite weight and are the only graphitic or carbonaceous filler dispersed in said matrix.2. The integrated heat sink of claim 1 , wherein said matrix material is selected from a polymer claim 1 , metal claim 1 , ceramic claim 1 , glass claim 1 , carbonaceous claim 1 , or graphitic material.3. The integrated heat sink of claim 1 , wherein said matrix material is selected from a thermoplastic claim 1 , a thermoset resin claim 1 , a rubber or elastomer claim 1 , an interpenetrating network polymer claim 1 ...

Continuous process for manufacturing graphene-mediated metal-plated polymer article

A continuous process for producing a surface-metalized polymer article, comprising: (a) continuously immersing a polymer article into a graphene dispersion comprising multiple graphene sheets dispersed in a liquid medium for a period of immersion time and then retreating the polymer article from the dispersion, enabling deposition of graphene sheets onto a surface of the polymer article to form a graphene-attached polymer article; (b) continuously moving the graphene-attached polymer article into a drying or heating zone to enable bonding of graphene sheets to said surface to form a graphene-covered polymer article; and (c) continuously moving the graphene-covered polymer article into a metallization zone where a layer of a metal is chemically, physically, electrochemically or electrolytically deposited onto a surface of the graphene-covered polymer article to form the surface-metalized polymer article. Step (a) may be preceded by a surface treatment of the polymer article.

PROCESS FOR GRAPHENE-MEDIATED METALLIZATION OF POLYMER ARTICLE

Provided is a process for producing a surface-metalized polymer article, comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion comprising multiple graphene sheets and an optional conductive filler dispersed in a first liquid medium, which is an adhesive monomer or contains a liquid adhesive monomer, oligomer or polymer dissolved in a solvent; (b) bringing a polymer article into a graphene deposition zone, wherein the graphene dispersion is sprayed, painted, coated, cast, or printed to deposit graphene sheets and optional conductive filler to a surface of the polymer article; and (c) moving the graphene-coated polymer article into a metallization chamber which accommodates a plating solution therein for plating a layer of a desired metal onto the graphene-coated polymer article to obtain a surface-metalized polymer article and retreating the surface-metalized polymer article from the metallization chamber. 1. A process for producing a surface-metalized polymer article , said process comprising:(A)preparing a graphene dispersion comprising multiple graphene sheets and an optional conductive filler dispersed in a first liquid medium, which is an adhesive resin monomer or contains a liquid adhesive monomer, oligomer or polymer dissolved in a solvent;(B) bringing a polymer article into a graphene deposition zone, wherein said graphene dispersion is sprayed, painted, coated, cast, or printed to deposit said graphene sheets and optional conductive filler to a surface of the polymer article for forming a graphene-coated polymer article; and(C) moving said graphene-coated polymer article into a metallization chamber which accommodates a plating solution therein for plating a layer of a desired metal onto said graphene-coated polymer article to obtain a surface-metalized polymer article and retreating said surface-metalized polymer article from said metallization chamber;wherein said multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine ...

Process for Producing Highly conducting and Transparent Films From Graphene Oxide-Metal Nanowire Hybrid Materials

A process for producing a transparent conductive film, comprising (a) providing a graphene oxide gel; (b) dispersing metal nanowires in the graphene oxide gel to form a suspension; (c) dispensing and depositing the suspension onto a substrate; and (d) removing the liquid medium to form the film. The film is composed of metal nanowires and graphene oxide with a metal nanowire-to-graphene oxide weight ratio from 1/99 to 99/1, wherein the metal nanowires contain no surface-borne metal oxide or metal compound and the film exhibits an optical transparence no less than 80% and sheet resistance no higher than 300 ohm/square. This film can be used as a transparent conductive electrode in an electro-optic device, such as a photovoltaic or solar cell, light-emitting diode, photo-detector, touch screen, electro-wetting display, liquid crystal display, plasma display, LED display, a TV screen, a computer screen, or a mobile phone screen. 1. A process for producing an optically transparent and electrically conductive film , said process comprising (a) providing a graphene oxide gel prepared from oxidation of a graphitic material in an oxidizing medium wherein said graphene oxide gel contains graphene oxide molecules dissolved in a liquid medium; (b) dispersing metal nanowires in said graphene oxide gel to form a suspension; (c) dispensing and depositing said suspension onto a supporting substrate; and (d) removing said liquid medium from said suspension to form said optically transparent and electrically conductive film , which is composed of metal nanowires and graphene oxide having a metal nanowire-to-graphene oxide weight ratio of from 1/99 to 99/1 , wherein said metal nanowires contain no surface-borne metal oxide or metal compound and said film exhibits an optical transparence no less than 80% and sheet resistance no higher than 300 ohm/square.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising a step of thermally and/or chemically reducing said graphene oxide to a reduced ...

PRODUCTS CONTAINING GRAPHENE-MEDIATED METALLIZED POLYMER COMPONENT

Provided is a surface-metalized polymer article comprising a polymer component having a surface, a first layer of combined multiple graphene sheets and an optional conductive filler (e.g. metal nanowires or carbon nanofibers) coated on the polymer component surface, and a second layer of a plated metal deposited on the first layer, wherein the multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene, and wherein the multiple graphene sheets and conductive filler are bonded to the polymer component surface with or without an adhesive resin. In certain embodiments, this article is selected from a vehicle component, an electronic appliance, an electronic device, a food packaging film or bag, a protective clothing, an antistatic film or bag, a susceptor in microwave cooking, a blanket, an anti-reflection accessary, a toy, a product label, a mailer, a sports card, a greeting card, a solar control window film, or a stamping foil. 1. A surface-metalized polymer article comprising a polymer component having a surface , a first layer composed of multiple graphene sheets and an optional conducive filler coated on said polymer component surface , and a second layer of a plated metal deposited on said first layer , wherein said multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements , or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 25% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide , reduced graphene oxide , graphene fluoride , graphene chloride , graphene bromide , graphene iodide , hydrogenated graphene , nitrogenated graphene , doped graphene , chemically functionalized graphene , or a combination thereof and wherein said multiple graphene sheets and said conductive filler are bonded to said polymer component surface with an adhesive resin and said first layer has a thickness from 0.34 nm to 30 μm ...

Graphene-Mediated Metal-Plated Polymer Article and Production Method

Provided is a surface-metalized polymer article, comprising a polymer component, a first layer of multiple graphene sheets coated on a surface of the polymer component, and a second layer of a plated metal chemically, electrochemically or electrolytically deposited on the first layer, wherein the multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 25% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein the non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof and wherein multiple graphene sheets are bonded to the polymer component surface with or without an adhesive resin and the first layer has a thickness from 0.34 nm to 30 μm. 1. A surface-metalized polymer article comprising a polymer component having a surface , a first layer of multiple graphene sheets coated on said polymer component surface , and a second layer of a plated metal deposited on said first layer , wherein said multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene material or a non-pristine graphene material , wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide , reduced graphene oxide , graphene fluoride , graphene chloride , graphene bromide , graphene iodide , hydrogenated graphene , nitrogenated graphene , doped graphene , chemically functionalized graphene , or a combination thereof and wherein said multiple graphene sheets are bonded to said polymer component surface with an adhesive resin and said first layer has a thickness from 0.34 nm to 30 μm.2. The surface-metalized polymer article of claim 1 , wherein said second layer has a thickness from 0.5 ...

Functionalized Graphene-Mediated Metallization of Polymer Article

Provided is a surface-metalized polymer article comprising a polymer component having a surface, a first layer of multiple functionalized graphene sheets having a first chemical functional group, multiple functionalized carbon nanotubes having a second chemical group functional group, or a combination of both, which are coated on the polymer component surface, and a second layer of a plated metal deposited on the first layer, wherein the multiple functionalized graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets and/or the multiple functionalized carbon nanotubes contain single-walled or multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and wherein the multiple functionalized graphene sheets or functionalized carbon nanotubes are bonded to the polymer component surface with or without an adhesive resin. 1. A surface-metalized polymer article comprising a polymer component having a surface , a first layer of multiple functionalized graphene sheets having a first chemical functional group , multiple functionalized carbon nanotubes having a second chemical group functional group , or a combination of both that are coated on said polymer component surface , and further comprising a second layer of a plated metal deposited on said first layer , wherein said multiple functionalized graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets and said multiple functionalized carbon nanotubes contain single-walled or multiwalled carbon nanotubes , and wherein said multiple functionalized graphene sheets or functionalized carbon nanotubes are bonded to said polymer component surface with or without an adhesive resin and said first layer has a thickness from 0.34 nm to 30 μm.2. The surface-metalized polymer article of claim 1 , wherein said first chemical functional group or said second chemical functional group is selected from alkyl or aryl silane claim 1 , alkyl or aralkyl group claim 1 , hydroxyl group claim 1 , carboxyl group claim 1 , amine group claim 1 , sulfonate ...

Highly conducting and transparent film and process for producing same

An optically transparent and electrically conductive film composed of metal nanowires or carbon nanotubes combined with pristine graphene with a metal nanowire-to-graphene or carbon nanotube-to-graphene weight ratio from 1/99 to 99/1, wherein the pristine graphene is single-crystalline and contains no oxygen and no hydrogen, and the film exhibits an optical transparence no less than 80% and sheet resistance no higher than 300 ohm/square. This film can be used as a transparent conductive electrode in an electro-optic device, such as a photovoltaic or solar cell, light-emitting diode, photo-detector, touch screen, electro-wetting display, liquid crystal display, plasma display, LED display, a TV screen, a computer screen, or a mobile phone screen. 1. An optically transparent and electrically conductive film composed of metal nanowires or carbon nanotubes combined with pristine graphene having a metal nanowire-to-graphene or carbon nanotube-to-graphene weight ratio of from 1/99 to 99/1 , wherein said pristine graphene is single-crystalline and contains no oxygen and no hydrogen , and said film exhibits an optical transparence no less than 80% and sheet resistance no higher than 300 ohm/square.2. The optically transparent and electrically conductive film of claim 1 , wherein said metal nanowires are selected from nanowires of silver (Ag) claim 1 , gold (Au) claim 1 , copper (Cu) claim 1 , platinum (Pt) claim 1 , zinc (Zn) claim 1 , cadmium (Cd) claim 1 , cobalt (Co) claim 1 , molybdenum (Mo) claim 1 , aluminum (Al) claim 1 , an alloy thereof claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The optically transparent and electrically conductive film of claim 1 , wherein said metal nanowires contain silver nanowires.4. The optically transparent and electrically conductive film of claim 1 , wherein said metal nanowires contain copper nanowires.5. The optically transparent and electrically conductive film of claim 1 , wherein said metal nanowires is selected from nanowires of a ...

CONDUCTING POLYMER COMPOSITE CONTAINING ULTRA-LOW LOADING OF GRAPHENE

A polymer matrix composite containing graphene sheets homogeneously dispersed in a polymer matrix wherein the polymer matrix composite exhibits a percolation threshold from 0.0001% to 0.1% by volume of graphene sheets to form a 3D network of interconnected graphene sheets or network of electron-conducting pathways. 1. A polymer matrix composite containing graphene sheets homogeneously dispersed in a polymer matrix wherein said polymer matrix composite exhibits a percolation threshold from 0.0001% to 0.1% by volume of graphene sheets to form a 3D network of interconnected graphene sheets or network of electron-conducting pathways.2. The polymer matrix composite of claim 1 , wherein said polymer matrix exhibits an impact strength Eand said polymer matrix composite exhibits an impact strength E claim 1 , and wherein E/Eis from 1.2 to 20.3. The polymer matrix composite of claim 1 , wherein said polymer matrix composite exhibits an electrical conductivity from 10S/m to 2000 S/m when measured under the condition that said polymer matrix contains no other additive or reinforcement material than graphene sheets.4. The polymer matrix composite of claim 1 , wherein said polymer matrix composite claim 1 , when made to contain 0.1% by volume of graphene sheets claim 1 , has a room temperature electrical conductivity no less than 10S/m.5. The polymer matrix composite of claim 1 , wherein said polymer matrix contains a thermoplastic resin selected from polyethylene claim 1 , polypropylene claim 1 , polybutylene claim 1 , polyvinyl chloride claim 1 , poly(vinylidene fluoride) claim 1 , poly(tetrafluoroethylene) claim 1 , polyamide claim 1 , polyimide claim 1 , polyetherimide claim 1 , polyethylene terephthalate claim 1 , polybutylene terephthalate claim 1 , polyphenylene sulfide claim 1 , polyphenylene oxide claim 1 , polysulfone claim 1 , polyether sulfone claim 1 , polybenzimidazole claim 1 , polyvinyl acetate claim 1 , polyvinyl alcohol claim 1 , polycarbonate claim 1 , ...

Hand tool assembly

A hand tool assembly includes a body having a ratchet portion, a room and a window. A driving unit is rotatably received in the ratchet portion and the room of the body. The driving unit includes a driving head, a pawl, a spring and a rotary member. The rotary member is rotated via the window to control the operational directions of the driving unit. A seat is connected to the body, and the driving unit is connected between the body and the seat. The seat includes an insertion portion formed on one end thereof, and which is engaged with the room. The seat has an engaging portion formed on the other end thereof. The seat is replaceable to make the hand tool assembly have more functions.

Method for producing conducting and transparent films from combined graphene and conductive nano filaments

A method of producing a transparent and conductive film, comprising (a) forming aerosol droplets of a first dispersion comprising a first conducting nano filaments in a first liquid; (b) forming aerosol droplets of a second dispersion comprising a graphene material in a second liquid; (c) depositing the aerosol droplets of a first dispersion and the aerosol droplets of a second dispersion onto a supporting substrate; and (d) removing the first liquid and the second liquid from the droplets to form the film, which is composed of the first conducting nano filaments and the graphene material having a nano filament-to-graphene weight ratio of from 1/99 to 99/1, wherein the film exhibits an optical transparence no less than 80% and sheet resistance no higher than 300 ohm/square.

Ultrasonic spray coating of conducting and transparent films from combined graphene and conductive nano filaments

An ultrasonic spray coating method of producing a transparent and conductive film, comprising (a) operating an ultrasonic spray device to form aerosol droplets of a first dispersion comprising a first conducting nano filaments in a first liquid; (b) forming aerosol droplets of a second dispersion comprising a graphene material in a second liquid; (c) depositing the aerosol droplets of a first dispersion and the aerosol droplets of a second dispersion onto a supporting substrate; and (d) removing the first liquid and the second liquid from the droplets to form the film, which is composed of the first conducting nano filaments and the graphene material having a nano filament-to-graphene weight ratio of from 1/99 to 99/1, wherein the film exhibits an optical transparence no less than 80% and sheet resistance no higher than 300 ohm/square. 1. An ultrasonic spray coating method of producing an optically transparent and electrically conductive film , said method comprising:(a) operating an ultrasonic spray device to form aerosol droplets of a first dispersion comprising first conducting nano filaments in a first liquid wherein said nano filaments have a dimension less than 200 nm;(b) forming aerosol droplets of a second dispersion or solution comprising a graphene material in a second liquid;(c) depositing said aerosol droplets of a first dispersion and said aerosol droplets of a second dispersion or solution onto a supporting substrate; and(d) removing the first liquid and the second liquid from the droplets to form said optically transparent and electrically conductive film, which is composed of said first conducting nano filaments and said graphene material having a nano filament-to-graphene weight ratio of from 1/99 to 99/1, wherein said film exhibits an optical transparence no less than 80% and sheet resistance no higher than 300 ohm/square.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein an ultrasonic spray device is operated to form said aerosol droplets of the second dispersion ...

Graphene Paper Having High Through-Plane Conductivity and Production Process

A process for producing a graphene paper product of metal-bonded graphene sheets, comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having discrete graphene sheets dispersed in a fluid medium, wherein the graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene material or a non-pristine graphene material, wherein the non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof; (b) assembling the graphene sheets into a paper product containing a sheet or a roll of graphene paper; and (c) depositing a metal on surfaces of graphene sheets to bond graphene sheets together for forming the graphene paper product, which contains off-plane graphene sheets. 1. A process for producing a graphene paper product of metal-bonded graphene sheets , said process comprising:(a) preparing a graphene dispersion having discrete graphene sheets dispersed in a fluid medium, wherein said graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene material or a non-pristine graphene material, wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof;(b) assembling said graphene sheets into a sheet or a roll of graphene paper having a paper sheet plane, a thickness direction perpendicular to said paper sheet plane, multiple pores between graphene sheets and a number of graphene sheets being inclined at an angle of 15-90 degrees relative to said paper sheet plane; and(c) depositing a bonding metal on surfaces of said graphene sheets or into said pores between graphene sheets ...

Rechargeable lithium-sulfur battery having a high capacity and long cycle life

A rechargeable lithium-sulfur cell comprising an anode, a separator and/or electrolyte, a sulfur cathode, an optional anode current collector, and an optional cathode current collector, wherein the cathode comprises (a) exfoliated graphite worms that are interconnected to form a porous, conductive graphite flake network comprising pores having a size smaller than 100 nm; and (b) nano-scaled powder or coating of sulfur, sulfur compound, or lithium polysulfide disposed in the pores or coated on graphite flake surfaces wherein the powder or coating has a dimension less than 100 nm. The exfoliated graphite worm amount is in the range of 1% to 90% by weight and the amount of powder or coating is in the range of 99% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of exfoliated graphite worms and sulfur (sulfur compound or lithium polysulfide) combined. The cell exhibits an exceptionally high specific energy and a long cycle life. 1. A rechargeable lithium-sulfur cell comprising an anode , a separator and/or electrolyte , and a porous composite sulfur cathode , wherein said porous composite cathode consists of:a) exfoliated graphite worms that are interconnected to form a porous, conductive graphite flake network comprising pores having a size smaller than 100 nm; andb) nano-scaled powder or coating of sulfur, sulfur compound, or lithium polysulfide disposed in said pores or coated on a graphite flake surface wherein said powder or coating is in contact with said electrolyte and has a dimension less than 100 nm;wherein the porous composite cathode has a pore size from 2 nm to 50 nm and the exfoliated graphite worm amount is in the range of 1% to 90% by weight and the amount of powder or coating is in the range of 99% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of exfoliated graphite worms and sulfur, sulfur compound, or lithium polysulfide combined which is measured or calculated when said cell is in a fully charged state.2. The rechargeable lithium-sulfur cell of wherein said ...

Razor And Razor Handle With Rotational Portion

A razor handle for mounting a razor cartridge having at least one razor blade, which cartridge is pivotable about a cartridge pivot axis, is provided. The razor handle includes a grip portion, a cartridge mount portion, at least one biasing element, and a lock mechanism. The cartridge mount portion is pivotally attached to the grip portion and is rotatable about a cartridge mount pivot axis. The cartridge mount pivot axis is substantially parallel to the cartridge pivot axis. The at least one biasing element is configured to apply a biasing force against the cartridge mount portion that biases the cartridge mount portion in the normal first position. The lock mechanism is selectively disposable in a lock position and at least one unlocked position. 1. A razor handle for mounting a razor cartridge having at least one razor blade , which cartridge is pivotable about a cartridge pivot axis , comprising:a grip portion extending along a lengthwise extending axis;a cartridge mount portion, pivotally attached to the grip portion and rotatable about a cartridge mount portion pivot axis between a normal first position and a second position, and which cartridge mount portion pivot axis is substantially parallel to the cartridge pivot axis;at least one biasing element is configured to apply a biasing force against the cartridge mount portion that biases the cartridge mount portion in the normal first position; anda lock mechanism selectively disposable in a lock position wherein the cartridge mount portion is prevented from rotating relative to the grip portion and at least one unlocked position wherein the cartridge mount portion is free to rotate relative to the grip portion.2. The razor handle of claim 1 , wherein lock mechanism is mounted within the grip portion.3. The razor handle of claim 2 , wherein the lock mechanism includes a lock mechanism body having an outwardly extending button outwardly extending from the lock body claim 2 , which button extends through an ...

GRAPHENE OXIDE-METAL NANOWIRE TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE FILM

A process for producing a transparent conductive film, comprising (a) providing a graphene oxide gel; (b) dispersing metal nanowires in the graphene oxide gel to form a suspension; (c) dispensing and depositing the suspension onto a substrate; and (d) removing the liquid medium to form the film. The film is composed of metal nanowires and graphene oxide with a metal nanowire-to-graphene oxide weight ratio from 1/99 to 99/1, wherein the metal nanowires contain no surface-borne metal oxide or metal compound and the film exhibits an optical transparence no less than 80% and sheet resistance no higher than 300 ohm/square. This film can be used as a transparent conductive electrode in an electro-optic device, such as a photovoltaic or solar cell, light-emitting diode, photo-detector, touch screen, electro-wetting display, liquid crystal display, plasma display, LED display, a TV screen, a computer screen, or a mobile phone screen. 1. An optically transparent and electrically conductive film comprising metal nanowires and graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide , having a metal nanowire-to-graphene oxide weight ratio of from 1/9 to 9/1 , wherein the metal nanowires are essentially free of surface-borne metal oxides or metal compounds and the film exhibits an optical transparence no less than 80% and sheet resistance 300 ohm/square.2. The optically transparent and electrically conductive film of claim 1 , wherein the metal nanowires have a length to thickness or diameter ratio greater than 3 and the smallest dimension of said metal nanowires is no greater than 200 nm.3. The optically transparent and electrically conductive film of claim 1 , wherein the smallest dimension of the metal nanowires is no greater than 100 nm.4. The optically transparent and electrically conductive film of claim 1 , wherein the metal nanowires are selected from the group consisting of silver (Ag) claim 1 , gold (Au) claim 1 , copper (Cu) claim 1 , platinum (Pt) claim 1 , zinc (Zn) claim 1 , ...

TOOL ASSEMBLY

A tool assembly includes a first body, a connector and a second body. The first body has a first end and a second end. A slot is defined through the wall of the body and extends from the second end of the first body to the middle portion of the first body. The slot includes a first end having a first connection portion, and a second end having a second connection portion. The connector is mounted to the second body and has an outer threaded section. The outer threaded section is threadedly connected to either the first connection portion or the second connection portion of the first body to locate the first body at different angular position relative to the second body. 1. A tool assembly comprising:a first body having a first end and a second end, a slot defined through a wall of the body and extending from the second end of the first body to a middle portion of the first body, the slot having a first end and a second end, the first end of the slot located at the middle portion of the first body, a second end of the slot communicating with the second end of the first body, the first end of the slot having a first connection portion which includes first inner threads, the second end of the slot having a second connection portion which includes second inner threads;a second body which is an elongate rod, and having a first end and a second end, the first end of the second body pivotably connected to the first end of the slot by a pivot, the second body being pivotable about the pivot relative to the first body, anda connector having an axial hole defined axially therethrough, the connector having outer threaded section formed on a first end thereof, when the second body is positioned at an angle relative to the first body, the outer threaded section connected to the first inner threads of the first connection portion, when the second body is positioned along an axial axis of the first body, the outer threaded section connected to the second inner threads of the ...

Gene test platform method

A gene test platform method gives a recommendation based on a test result to a subject and comprises steps of a subject's test result in a gene test being input to a supporting advice module; the supporting advice module producing a therapeutic formula combination which is correlated with significant genetic data as per the test result and transmitted to a gene test user interface; the gene test user interface displaying the recommended therapeutic formula combination to a subject and further comprising a feedback interface through which a subject raises any question or sends any feedback immediately. 1. A gene test platform method , comprising steps as follows:a supporting advice module receiving a test result of a subject in a gene test;the supporting advice module making a decision for the test result by means of a corresponding gene comparison module which comprises an adult genome comparison module and a child genome comparison module wherein the adult genome comparison module/the child genome comparison module is applicable to significant genetic data of an adult/a child);the corresponding gene comparison module comparing the test result with significant genetic data to produce a therapeutic formula combination; andthe supporting advice module transmitting the therapeutic formula combination to a gene test user interface.2. A gene test platform method as claimed in wherein the gene test user interface further comprises a feedback interface through which an external user sends any feedback or raises any question and a service agent replies to the external user.3. A gene test platform method as claimed in wherein the therapeutic formula combination comprises a nutrient combination as a recommendation for an adult or a child claim 1 , a drug combination as a recommendation for an adult claim 1 , and an educational material combination as a recommendation for a child.4. A gene test platform method as claimed in wherein both the significant genetic data and the ...

Direct Microwave Production of Graphene

Provided is a method of producing graphene directly from a non-intercalated and non-oxidized graphitic material, comprising: (a) dispersing the graphitic material in a liquid solution to form a suspension, wherein the graphitic material has never been previously exposed to chemical intercalation or oxidation; and (b) subjecting the suspension to microwave or radio frequency irradiation with a frequency and an intensity for a length of time sufficient for producing graphene; wherein the liquid solution contains a metal salt dissolved in water, organic solvent, ionic liquid solvent, or a combination thereof. The method is fast (minutes as opposed to hours or days of conventional processes), environmentally benign, and highly scalable. 1. A method of producing graphene directly from a non-intercalated and non-oxidized graphitic material , said method comprising:(a) dispersing said graphitic material in a liquid solution to form a suspension, wherein said graphitic material has never been previously exposed to chemical intercalation or oxidation; and(b) subjecting said suspension to microwave or radio frequency irradiation with a frequency and an intensity for a length of time sufficient for producing said graphene;wherein said liquid solution contains a metal salt dissolved in water, organic solvent, ionic liquid solvent, or a combination thereof.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said metal salt is a metal halide selected from the group consisting of MCl (M=Li claim 1 , Na claim 1 , K claim 1 , Cs) claim 1 , MCl(M=Zn claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Mn) claim 1 , MCl(M=Al claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Ga) claim 1 , MCl(M=Zr claim 1 , Pt) claim 1 , MF(M=Zn claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Mn) claim 1 , MF(M=Al claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Ga) claim 1 , MF(M=Zr claim 1 , Pt) claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said metal salt includes an alkali metal salt selected from lithium perchlorate (LiClO) claim 1 , sodium perchlorate (NaClO) claim 1 , ...

CONDUCTIVE GRAPHENE MIXTURE-MEDIATED METALLIZATION OF POLYMER ARTICLE

Provided is a surface-metalized polymer article comprising a polymer component having a surface, a first layer of combined multiple graphene sheets and a conductive filler (e.g. metal nanowires or carbon nanofibers) coated on the polymer component surface, and a second layer of a plated metal deposited on the first layer, wherein the multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene, and wherein the multiple graphene sheets and conductive filler are bonded to the polymer component surface with or without an adhesive resin. 1. A surface-metalized polymer article comprising a polymer component having a surface , a first layer composed of multiple graphene sheets and a conducive filler coated on said polymer component surface , and a second layer of a plated metal deposited on said first layer , wherein said multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements , or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 25% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide , reduced graphene oxide , graphene fluoride , graphene chloride , graphene bromide , graphene iodide , hydrogenated graphene , nitrogenated graphene , doped graphene , chemically functionalized graphene , or a combination thereof and wherein said multiple graphene sheets and said conductive filler are bonded to said polymer component surface with an adhesive resin and said first layer has a thickness from 0.34 nm to 30 μm2. The surface-metalized polymer article of claim 1 , wherein said conductive filler is selected from metal nanowires claim 1 , carbon fibers claim 1 , carbon nanofibers claim 1 , carbon-coated fibers claim 1 , conductive polymer fibers claim 1 , nanofibers or nanowires of SnO claim 1 , ZnO claim 1 , InO claim 1 , or indium-tin oxide (ITO) claim 1 , a conductive polymer not in a fiber form claim 1 , and ...

APPARATUS FOR GRAPHENE-MEDIATED PRODUCTION OF METALLIZED POLYMER ARTICLES

Provided is an apparatus for manufacturing a surface-metalized polymer article, the apparatus comprising: (a) a graphene deposition chamber that accommodates a graphene dispersion comprising multiple graphene sheets and an optional conducive filler dispersed in a first liquid medium and an optional adhesive resin dissolved in the first liquid medium, wherein the graphene deposition chamber is operated to deposit the graphene sheets and optional conductive filler to a surface of at least a polymer component for forming at least a graphene-coated polymer component; and (b) a metallization chamber that accommodates a plating solution for plating a layer of a desired metal on the at least a graphene-coated polymer component to obtain the surface-metalized polymer article. 1. Apparatus for manufacturing a surface-metalized polymer article , said apparatus comprising:(a) a graphene deposition chamber that accommodates a graphene dispersion comprising multiple graphene sheets and an optional conducive filler dispersed in a first liquid medium and an optional adhesive resin dissolved in said first liquid medium, wherein said graphene deposition chamber is operated to deposit said graphene sheets and optional conductive filler to a surface of at least a polymer component for forming at least a graphene-coated polymer component; and(b) a metallization chamber, in a working relationship with said graphene deposition chamber, which accommodates a plating solution for plating a layer of a desired metal on said at least a graphene-coated polymer component to obtain said surface-metalized polymer article;wherein said multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 25% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, ...

GRAPHENE-MEDIATED METALLIZATION OF POLYMER FILMS

Provided is a surface-metalized polymer film comprising: (a) a polymer film having a thickness from 10 nm to 5 mm and two primary surfaces; (b) a graphene layer having a thickness from 0.34 nm to 50 μm and comprising multiple graphene sheets and an optional conducive filler coated on or bonded to at least one of the two primary surfaces with or without using an adhesive resin; and (c) a metal layer comprising a plated metal deposited on the graphene layer; wherein the graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof. This film exhibits a high scratch resistance, strength, hardness, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, light reflectivity, gloss, etc. 1. A surface-metalized polymer film comprising:(a) a polymer film having a thickness from 10 nm to 5 mm and two primary surfaces;(b) a graphene layer having a thickness from 0.34 nm to 50 μm and comprising multiple graphene sheets and an optional conducive filler coated on or bonded to at least one of said two primary surfaces with or without using an adhesive resin; and(c) a metal layer comprising a plated metal deposited on said graphene layer;wherein said multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 25% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof.2. The surface-metalized polymer ...

Apparatus for graphene-mediated metallization of polymer films

Provided is a surface-metalized polymer film comprising: (a) a polymer film having a thickness from 10 nm to 5 mm and two primary surfaces; (b) a graphene layer having a thickness from 0.34 nm to 50 μm and comprising multiple graphene sheets and an optional conducive filler coated on or bonded to at least one of the two primary surfaces with or without using an adhesive resin; and (c) a metal layer comprising a plated metal deposited on the graphene layer; wherein the graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof. This film exhibits a high scratch resistance, strength, hardness, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, light reflectivity, gloss, etc.

METAL MATRIX NANOCOMPOSITE CONTAINING ORIENTED GRAPHENE SHEETS AND PRODUCTION PROCESS

Provided is a metal matrix nanocomposite comprising: (a) a metal or metal alloy as a matrix material; and (b) multiple graphene sheets that are dispersed in said matrix material, wherein said multiple graphene sheets are substantially aligned to be parallel to one another and are in an amount from 0.1% to 95% by volume based on the total nanocomposite volume; wherein the multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof and wherein the chemically functionalized graphene is not graphene oxide. The metal matrix exhibits a combination of exceptional tensile strength, modulus, thermal conductivity, and/or electrical conductivity. 1. A metal matrix nanocomposite comprising:(A) a metal or metal alloy as a matrix material, wherein said metal or metal alloy contains silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), tin (Sn), indium (In), lead (Pb), an alloy thereof, a combination thereof, or a combination thereof with copper (Cu); and(B) multiple graphene sheets that are dispersed in said matrix material, wherein said multiple graphene sheets are substantially aligned to be parallel to one another and are in an amount from 0.1% to 95% by volume based on the total nanocomposite volume;wherein said multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 25% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, ...

PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR METAL MATRIX NANOCOMPOSITE CONTAINING ORIENTED GRAPHENE SHEETS

Provided is a metal matrix nanocomposite comprising: (a) a metal or metal alloy as a matrix material; and (b) multiple graphene sheets that are dispersed in said matrix material, wherein said multiple graphene sheets are substantially aligned to be parallel to one another and are in an amount from 0.1% to 95% by volume based on the total nanocomposite volume; wherein the multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof and wherein the chemically functionalized graphene is not graphene oxide. The metal matrix exhibits a combination of exceptional tensile strength, modulus, thermal conductivity, and/or electrical conductivity. 1. A process for producing a metal matrix nanocomposite , said process comprising:(A) preparing a graphene dispersion comprising multiple discrete graphene sheets dispersed in a liquid adhesive resin;(B) bringing said graphene dispersion in physical contact with a solid substrate surface and aligning said graphene sheets along a planar direction of said substrate surface wherein said graphene sheets are bonded to and supported by said substrate surface;(C) depositing a layer of a metal or metal alloy having a thickness from 0.5 nm to 10 μm, onto surfaces of said aligned graphene sheets to form a layer of metal-coated graphene sheets supported by said substrate surface, wherein said metal or metal alloy contains a transition metal, aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), tin (Sn), indium (In), lead (Pb), an alloy thereof, or a combination thereof; and(D) separating said layer of metal-coated graphene sheets from said substrate surface and consolidating said layer of metal-coated graphene sheets into a metal matrix nanocomposite wherein said graphene sheets are ...

PROCESS FOR GRAPHENE-MEDIATED METALLIZATION OF POLYMER FILMS

Provided is a process for producing a surface-metalized polymer film, comprising: (a) feeding a continuous polymer film from a feeder into a graphene deposition chamber which accommodates a graphene dispersion comprising multiple graphene sheets and an optional conducive filler dispersed in a first liquid medium and an optional adhesive resin dissolved in this first liquid medium; (b) operating the graphene deposition chamber to deposit the graphene sheets and optional conductive filler to at least a primary surface of the polymer film for forming a graphene-coated polymer film; (c) moving the graphene-coated film into a metallization chamber which accommodates a plating solution for plating a layer of a desired metal onto the graphene-coated polymer film to obtain a surface-metalized polymer film; and (d) operating a winding roller to collect the surface-metalized polymer film. This film exhibits a high scratch resistance, strength, hardness, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, light reflectivity, gloss, etc. 1. A process for producing a surface-metalized polymer film , said process comprising:(A) feeding a continuous polymer film from a polymer film feeder into a graphene deposition chamber, wherein said graphene deposition chamber accommodates a graphene dispersion comprising multiple graphene sheets and an optional conducive filler dispersed in a first liquid medium and an optional adhesive resin dissolved in said first liquid medium;(B) operating said graphene deposition chamber to deposit said graphene sheets and optional conductive filler to at least a primary surface of said polymer film for forming a graphene-coated polymer film;(C) moving said graphene-coated film into a metallization chamber which accommodates a plating solution for plating a layer of a desired metal on said graphene-coated polymer film to obtain a surface-metalized polymer film; and(D) operating a winding roller to collect said surface-metalized polymer film;wherein said ...

PROCESS FOR GRAPHENE-MEDIATED METALLIZATION OF POLYMER FILMS

Provided is process for producing a surface-metalized polymer film, the process comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion comprising multiple graphene sheets and an optional conducive filler dispersed in a first liquid medium, which is an adhesive monomer/oligomer or contains a liquid adhesive monomer/oligomer/polymer dissolved in a solvent; (b) feeding a continuous polymer film from a feeder roller into a deposition zone, wherein the graphene dispersion is dispensed to deposit the graphene sheets to a surface of the polymer film; (c) moving the graphene-coated polymer film into a metallization chamber which accommodates a plating solution therein for plating a layer of a desired metal onto the graphene-coated polymer film to obtain a surface-metalized polymer film; and (d) operating a winding roller to collect the surface-metalized polymer film. 2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising operating a drying claim 1 , heating claim 1 , or curing means to partially or completely remove said first liquid medium from said graphene-coated polymer film and/or to polymerize or cure said adhesive resin for producing said graphene-coated polymer film containing said multiple graphene sheets that are bonded to said at least a primary surface of said polymer film.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said plating solution comprises a chemical plating solution claim 1 , an electrochemical plating solution claim 1 , or an electrophoretic solution.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein said plating solution comprises a chemical plating solution comprising a metal salt dissolved in water claim 1 , an aqueous solution claim 1 , or an organic solvent.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein said conductive filler is selected from metal nanowires claim 1 , carbon fibers claim 1 , carbon nanofibers claim 1 , carbon nanotubes claim 1 , carbon-coated fibers claim 1 , conductive polymer fibers claim 1 , nanofibers or nanowires of SnO claim 1 , ZnO claim 1 , InO claim 1 , or indium-tin ...

Graphene-Mediated Metallization of Fibers, Yarns, and Fabrics

Provided is surface-metalized fiber, yarn, or fabric comprising: (a) a fiber, yarn, or fabric having a surface; (b) a graphene layer having a thickness from 0.34 nm to 20 μm and comprising multiple graphene sheets and an optional conducive filler coated on or bonded to the surface, with or without using an adhesive resin, to form a graphene-coated fiber, yarn, or fabric; and (c) a metal layer comprising a plated metal deposited on the graphene-coated fiber, yarn, or fabric; wherein the graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof. This film exhibits a high scratch resistance, strength, hardness, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, light reflectivity, gloss, etc. 1. A surface-metalized fiber , yarn , or fabric comprising:(a) a fiber, fiber yarn, or fiber fabric having a surface;(b) a graphene layer having a thickness from 0.34 nm to 20 μm and comprising multiple graphene sheets and an optional conducive filler coated on or bonded to said surface, with or without using an adhesive resin, to form a graphene-coated fiber, fiber yarn, or fiber fabric; and(c) a metal layer comprising a plated metal deposited on said graphene-coated fiber, fiber yarn, or fiber fabric;wherein said multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 25% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically ...

PROCESS FOR GRAPHENE-MEDIATED METALLIZATION OF FIBERS, YARNS, AND FABRICS

Provided is process for producing a surface-metalized fiber, yarn, or fabric, the process comprising: (a) Feeding a continuous fiber, yarn, or fabric from a feeder roller into a graphene deposition chamber containing therein a graphene dispersion comprising multiple graphene sheets and an optional conducive filler dispersed in a first liquid medium and an optional adhesive resin dissolved in the first liquid medium; (b) Operating the graphene deposition chamber to deposit the graphene sheets and optional conductive filler to a surface of the fiber, yarn, or fabric for forming a graphene-coated fiber, yarn, or fabric; (c) Moving the graphene-coated fiber, yarn, or fabric into a metallization chamber which accommodates a plating solution therein for plating a layer of a desired metal onto the graphene-coated fiber, yarn, or fabric to obtain a surface-metalized fiber, yarn, or fabric; and (d) Operating a winding roller to collect the surface-metalized fiber, yarn, or fabric. 1. A process for producing a surface-metalized fiber , yarn , or fabric , said process comprising:a) feeding a continuous fiber, yarn, or fabric from a feeder roller or spool into a graphene deposition chamber, wherein said graphene deposition chamber contains therein a graphene dispersion comprising multiple graphene sheets and an optional conducive filler dispersed in a first liquid medium and an optional adhesive resin dissolved in said first liquid medium;b) operating said graphene deposition chamber to deposit said graphene sheets and optional conductive filler to a surface of the fiber, yarn, or fabric for forming a graphene-coated fiber, yarn, or fabric;c) moving said graphene-coated fiber, yarn, or fabric into a metallization chamber which accommodates a plating solution therein for plating a layer of a desired metal onto said graphene-coated fiber, yarn, or fabric to obtain a surface-metalized fiber, yarn, or fabric; andd) operating a winding roller to collect said surface-metalized fiber, ...

Process for graphene-mediated metallization of fibers, yarns, and fabrics

Provided is process for producing a surface-metalized fiber, yarn, or fabric, the process comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion comprising multiple graphene sheets and an optional conductive filler dispersed in a first liquid medium, which is an adhesive monomer or contains a liquid adhesive monomer or oligomer dissolved in a solvent; (b) feeding a continuous fiber, yarn, or fabric from a feeder roller into a deposition zone, wherein the graphene dispersion is dispensed to deposit the graphene sheets to a surface of the fiber, yarn, or fabric; (c) moving the graphene-coated fiber, yarn, or fabric into a metallization chamber which accommodates a plating solution therein for plating a layer of a desired metal onto the graphene-coated fiber, yarn, or fabric to obtain a surface-metalized fiber, yarn, or fabric; and (d) operating a winding roller to collect the surface-metalized fiber, yarn, or fabric.

Microwave System and Method for Graphene Production

Provided is a method of producing graphene from a microwave-expandable un-exfoliated graphite or graphitic carbon, comprising: (a) feeding a powder of the microwave-expandable material onto a non-metallic solid substrate, wherein the powder is in a ribbon shape having a first ribbon width and a first ribbon thickness; (b) moving the ribbon-shape powder into a microwave applicator chamber containing a microwave power zone having a microwave application width (no less than the first ribbon width) and a microwave penetration depth (no less than the first ribbon thickness) so that the entire ribbon-shape powder receives and absorbs microwave power with a sufficient power level for a sufficient length of time to exfoliate and separate the powder for producing graphene sheets; and (c) moving the graphene sheets out of the microwave chamber, cooling the graphene sheets, and collecting the graphene sheets in a collector container or for a subsequent use.

PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR METALLIZED GRAPHENE FOAM HAVING HIGH THROUGH-PLANE CONDUCTIVITY

A process for producing a metal-bonded graphene foam product, comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having multiple graphene sheets dispersed in a liquid medium, which contains an optional blowing agent having a blowing agent-to-graphene weight ratio from 0/1.0 to 1.0/1.0; (b) dispensing and depositing the graphene dispersion onto a surface of a supporting substrate to form a wet graphene layer; (c) removing the liquid medium from the wet graphene layer; (d) heat-treating the dried layer of graphene at a first heat treatment temperature selected from 80° C. to 3,200° C. at a desired heating rate sufficient to induce volatile gas molecules from the non-carbon elements of graphene sheets or to activate the blowing agent for producing a sheet or roll of solid graphene foam having multiple pores and pore walls containing graphene sheets; and (e) impregnating or infiltrating a metal into the pores to form the metal-bonded graphene foam. 1. A process for producing a metal-bonded graphene foam product , said process comprising:(a) preparing a graphene dispersion having multiple graphene sheets dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein said graphene sheets are selected from a pristine graphene or a non-pristine graphene material, having a content of non-carbon elements greater than 2% by weight, selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof and wherein said graphene dispersion contains an optional blowing agent having a blowing agent-to-graphene material weight ratio from 0/1.0 to 1.0/1.0;(b) dispensing and depositing said graphene dispersion onto a surface of a supporting substrate to form a wet layer of graphene;(c) partially or completely removing said liquid medium from the wet layer of graphene to form a dried layer of graphene;(d) heat treating the dried layer of graphene at a ...

Metallized graphene foam having high through-plane conductivity

A metal-bonded graphene foam product, comprising: (A) a sheet or roll of solid graphene foam, having a sheet plane and a sheet thickness direction, composed of multiple pores (cells) and pore walls, wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene material having less than 0.01% by weight of non-carbon elements or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.01% to 20% by weight of non-carbon elements, wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, boron-doped graphene, nitrogen-doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof; and (B) a metal that fills in the is bonded to graphene sheets, wherein the metal-bonded graphene foam product has a thickness-direction thermal conductivity from 10 W/mK to 800 W/mK or a thickness-direction electrical conductivity from 40 S/cm to 3,200 S/cm.

Graphene-Enabled Anti-Corrosion Coating

Provided is a graphene-based aqueous coating suspension comprising multiple graphene sheets, particles of an anti-corrosive pigment or sacrificial metal, and a waterborne binder resin dissolved or dispersed in water, wherein the multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 47% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein the non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof and wherein the coating suspension does not contain a silicate binder or microspheres dispersed therein. Also provided is an object or structure coated at least in part with such a coating. 1. A graphene-based aqueous coating suspension comprising multiple graphene sheets , particles of an anti-corrosive pigment or sacrificial metal , and a waterborne binder resin dissolved or dispersed in water , wherein said multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements , or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 47% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide , reduced graphene oxide , graphene fluoride , graphene chloride , graphene bromide , graphene iodide , hydrogenated graphene , nitrogenated graphene , doped graphene , chemically functionalized graphene , or a combination thereof and wherein said coating suspension does not contain a silicate binder or microspheres dispersed therein and wherein said graphene sheets have a weight fraction from 0.1% to 30% based on the total coating suspension weight excluding water.2. The coating ...

Oriented graphene sheet-enhanced vapor-based heat transfer device and process for producing same

Provided is a vapor-based heat transfer apparatus (e.g. a vapor chamber or a heat pipe), comprising: a hollow structure having a hollow chamber enclosed inside a sealed envelope or container made of a thermally conductive material, a wick structure in contact with one or a plurality of walls of the hollow structure, and a working liquid within the hollow structure and in contact with the wick structure, wherein the wick structure comprises a graphene material and the hollow structure walls comprise an evaporator wall having a first surface plane and a condenser wall having a second surface plane, wherein multiple sheets of the graphene material in the wick structure are aligned to be substantially parallel to one another and perpendicular to at least one of the first surface plane and the second surface plane. Also provided is a process for producing this apparatus.

GRAPHENE-ENHANCED VAPOR-BASED HEAT TRANSFER DEVICE

Provided is a vapor-based heat transfer apparatus (e.g. a vapor chamber or a heat pipe), comprising: a hollow structure having a hollow chamber enclosed inside a sealed envelope or container made of a thermally conductive material, a wick structure in contact with one or a plurality of walls of the hollow structure, and a working liquid within the hollow structure and in contact with the wick structure, wherein the wick structure comprises a graphene material. 1. A vapor-based heat transfer apparatus , comprising (a) a hollow structure comprising a thermally conductive material having a thermal conductivity no less than 5 W/mK , (b) a wick structure in contact with one or a plurality of walls of said hollow structure , and (c) a working liquid within said hollow structure and in contact with said wick structure , wherein said wick structure comprises a first graphene material.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said first graphene material comprises graphene sheets selected from pristine graphene claim 1 , CVD graphene claim 1 , graphene oxide claim 1 , reduced graphene oxide claim 1 , graphene fluoride claim 1 , graphene chloride claim 1 , graphene bromide claim 1 , graphene iodide claim 1 , hydrogenated graphene claim 1 , nitrogenated graphene claim 1 , doped graphene claim 1 , chemically functionalized graphene claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said first graphene material comprises graphene powder particles that are bonded together or bonded to said one or a plurality of hollow structure walls by a binder.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said first graphene material comprises a graphene composite having graphene sheets dispersed in a matrix selected from polymer claim 1 , carbon claim 1 , glass claim 1 , ceramic claim 1 , organic claim 1 , or metal.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said first graphene material comprises a graphene-containing coating or paint comprising graphene sheets dispersed in an adhesive and ...

Expanded graphite-enhanced vapor-based heat transfer device and production process

Provided is a vapor-based heat transfer apparatus (e.g. a vapor chamber or a heat pipe), comprising: a hollow structure having a hollow chamber enclosed inside a sealed envelope or container made of a thermally conductive material, a wick structure in contact with one or a plurality of walls of the hollow structure (interior wall of the hollow chamber), and a working liquid within the hollow chamber and in contact with the wick structure, wherein the wick structure comprises flakes of exfoliated graphite worms or expanded graphite. Preferably, these flakes are substantially parallel to one another and perpendicular to the hollow chamber wall surface (e.g. aligned parallel to the heat flow direction from the heat source).

ANTI-CORROSION MATERIAL-COATED DISCRETE GRAPHENE SHEETS AND ANTI-CORROSION COATING COMPOSITION CONTAINING SAME

Provided is a graphene-based coating suspension comprising multiple graphene sheets, thin film coating of an anti-corrosive pigment or sacrificial metal deposited on graphene sheets, and a binder resin dissolved or dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein the multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 47% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein the non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof. The invention also provides a process for producing this coating suspension. Also provided is an object or structure coated at least in part with such a coating. 1. A graphene-based coating suspension comprising multiple graphene sheets each having two opposed parallel surfaces , thin film coating having a thickness from 0.5 nm to 100 nm of an anti-corrosive pigment or sacrificial metal coated on and covering at least 50% area of one of said two parallel surfaces , and a binder resin dissolved or dispersed in a liquid medium , wherein said multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements , or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 47% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide , reduced graphene oxide , graphene fluoride , graphene chloride , graphene bromide , graphene iodide , hydrogenated graphene , nitrogenated graphene , doped graphene , chemically functionalized graphene , or a combination thereof and wherein said graphene sheets have a weight fraction from 0.1% to 30% based on the total ...

GRAPHENE-ENABLED METHOD OF INHIBITING METAL CORROSION

Provided is a method of inhibiting corrosion of a structure or object having a surface, the method comprising (i) coating at least a portion of the surface with a coating suspension comprising multiple graphene sheets coated with a thin film of an anti-corrosive pigment or sacrificial metal having a thickness from 0.5 nm to 1 μm and a resin binder dispersed or dissolved in a liquid medium; and (ii) at least partially removing the liquid medium from the coating suspension upon completion of the coating step to form a protective coating layer on the surface. Preferably, the protective coating layer contains coated graphene sheets that are aligned to be substantially parallel to one another and parallel to the surface of the structure or object to be protected. 1. A method of inhibiting corrosion of a structure or object having a surface , said method comprising (i) coating at least a portion of the surface with a coating suspension comprising multiple graphene sheets coated with a thin film of an anti-corrosive pigment or sacrificial metal having a thickness from 0.5 nm to 1 μm and a resin binder dispersed or dissolved in a liquid medium; and (ii) at least partially removing said liquid medium from said coating suspension upon completion of said coating step to form a protective coating layer on said surface.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said anti-corrosive pigment or sacrificial metal is selected from aluminum claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , beryllium claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , an alloy thereof claim 1 , zinc phosphate claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements claim 1 , or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 47% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide claim 1 , reduced graphene ...

PROTECTED ANODE ACTIVE MATERIAL PARTICLES FOR RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES

Provided is an anode particulate for a lithium battery, the particulate comprising a polymer foam material having pores and a single or a plurality of primary particles of an anode active material embedded in or in contact with said polymer foam material, wherein said primary particles of anode active material have a total solid volume Va, and said pores have a total pore volume Vp, and the volume ratio Vp/Va is from 0.1/1.0 to 10/1. 1. An anode particulate for a lithium battery , said particulate comprising a polymer foam material having pores and a single or a plurality of primary particles of an anode active material embedded in or in contact with said polymer foam material , wherein said primary particles of anode active material have a total solid volume Va , and said pores have a total pore volume Vp , and the volume ratio Vp/Va is from 0.1/1.0 to 10/1.2. The anode particulate of claim 1 , wherein said polymer foam material is selected from ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) foam claim 1 , a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (polyethylene-vinyl acetate claim 1 , PEVA) claim 1 , a polyethylene foam claim 1 , polyimide foam claim 1 , polypropylene (PP) foam claim 1 , polystyrene (PS) foam claim 1 , polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam; polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The anode particulate of claim 1 , wherein said polymer foam material is selected from nitrile rubber (NBR) foam claim 1 , polychloroprene foam claim 1 , polyurethane (PU) foam claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The anode particulate of claim 1 , wherein said polymer foam material comprises a polymer selected from poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) claim 1 , polypropylene oxide (PPO) claim 1 , poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) claim 1 , poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) claim 1 , poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) claim 1 , poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) claim 1 , Poly bis-methoxy ethoxyethoxide-phosphazenex claim 1 , polyvinyl chloride claim 1 , polydimethylsiloxane claim 1 , poly( ...

METHOD OF PRODUCING PROTECTED ANODE ACTIVE MATERIAL PARTICLES FOR RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES

Provided is a method of producing multiple particulates, the method comprising: (a) dispersing multiple primary particles of an anode active material, having a particle size from 2 nm to 20 μm, and particles of a polymer foam material, having a particle size from 50 nm to 20 μm, and an optional adhesive or binder in a liquid medium to form a slurry; and (b) shaping the slurry and removing the liquid medium to form the multiple particulates having a diameter from 100 nm to 50 μm; wherein at least one of the multiple particulates comprises a polymer foam material having pores and a single or a plurality of the primary particles embedded in or in contact with the polymer foam material, wherein the primary particles have a total solid volume Va, and the pores have a total pore volume Vp, and the volume ratio Vp/Va is from 0.1/1.0 to 10/1. 1. A method of producing multiple particulates , said method comprising:a) Dispersing multiple primary particles of an anode active material, having a particle size from 2 nm to 20 μm, and particles of a polymer foam material, having a particle size from 50 nm to 20 μm, and an optional adhesive or binder in a liquid medium to form a slurry; andb) Shaping said slurry and removing said liquid medium to form said multiple particulates having a diameter from 100 nm to 50 μm;wherein at least one of the multiple particulates comprises a polymer foam material having pores and a single or a plurality of primary particles of said anode active material embedded in or in contact with said polymer foam material, wherein said primary particles of anode active material have a total solid volume Va, and said pores have a total pore volume Vp, and the volume ratio Vp/Va is from 0.1/1.0 to 10/1.2. A method of producing multiple particulates , said method comprising:A) Dispersing multiple primary particles of an anode active material, having a particle size from 5 nm to 20 μm, and a reactive mass comprising a blowing agent and a polymer, reactive ...

Graphene foam-based sealing materials

Provided is a graphene foam-based sealing material comprising: (a) a graphene foam framework comprising pores and pore walls, wherein the pore walls comprise a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes or graphene sheets; and (b) a permeation-resistant binder or matrix material that coats and embraces the exterior surfaces of the graphene foam framework and/or infiltrates into pores of the graphene foam, occupying from 10% to 100% (preferably from 10% to 98% and more preferably from 20% to 90%) of the pore volume of the graphene foam framework.

Process for producing graphene foam-based sealing materials

Provided is a process for producing a solid graphene foam-based sealing material. The process comprises: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having a graphene material dispersed in a liquid medium, which contains an optional blowing agent; (b) dispensing and depositing the graphene dispersion into desired shapes and partially or completely removing the liquid medium from these shapes to form dried graphene shapes; (c) heat treating the dried graphene shapes at a first heat treatment temperature from 50° C. to 3,200° C. at a desired heating rate sufficient to induce volatile gas molecules from the non-carbon elements or to activate the blowing agent for producing the graphene foam; and (d) coating or impregnating the graphene foam with a permeation-resistant binder or matrix material to form the sealing material.

Graphene oxide-bonded metal foil thin film current collector and battery and supercapacitor containing same

A graphene oxide-bonded metal foil current collector in a battery or supercapacitor, comprising: (a) a free-standing, non-supported thin metal foil having a thickness from 1 μm to 30 μm and two primary surfaces; and (b) a thin film of graphene oxide chemically bonded to at least one of the two primary surfaces without using a binder or adhesive wherein the primary surface does not contain a metal oxide layer and the thin film of graphene oxide has a thickness from 10 nm to 10 μm, an oxygen content from 0.1% to 10% by weight, an inter-graphene plane spacing of 0.335 to 0.50 nm, a physical density from 1.3 to 2.2 g/cm 3 , all graphene oxide sheets being oriented substantially parallel to each other and parallel to the primary surfaces, exhibiting a thermal conductivity greater than 500 W/mK, and/or electrical conductivity greater than 1,500 S/cm when measured alone without the thin metal foil.

Process for producing graphene oxide-bonded metal foil thin film current collector for a battery or supercapacitor

A process for producing a thin film graphene oxide-bonded metal foil current collector for a battery or supercapacitor, comprising: (a) preparing a graphene oxide gel having graphene oxide (GO) molecules dissolved in a fluid medium; (b) depositing a layer of GO gel onto at least one of two primary surfaces of a metal foil to form a layer of wet graphene oxide gel, wherein the depositing procedure includes shear-induced thinning of the GO gel; (c) partially or completely removing said fluid medium from the deposited wet layer to form a dry film of GO having an inter-plane spacing d 002 of 0.4 nm to 1.2 nm as determined by X-ray diffraction; and (d) heat treating the dry film of graphene oxide to form the thin film graphene oxide-bonded metal foil current collector at a heat treatment temperature from 80° C. to 2,500° C.

Functionalized graphene-mediated metallization of polymer article

Provided is a surface-metalized polymer article comprising a polymer component having a surface, a first layer of multiple functionalized graphene sheets having a first chemical functional group, multiple functionalized carbon nanotubes having a second chemical group functional group, or a combination of both, which are coated on the polymer component surface, and a second layer of a plated metal deposited on the first layer, wherein the multiple functionalized graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets and/or the multiple functionalized carbon nanotubes contain single-walled or multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and wherein the multiple functionalized graphene sheets or functionalized carbon nanotubes are bonded to the polymer component surface with or without an adhesive resin.

Method for producing conducting and transparent films from combined graphene and conductive nano filaments

A method of producing a transparent and conductive film, comprising (a) forming aerosol droplets of a first dispersion comprising a first conducting nano filaments in a first liquid; (b) forming aerosol droplets of a second dispersion comprising a graphene material in a second liquid; (c) depositing the aerosol droplets of a first dispersion and the aerosol droplets of a second dispersion onto a supporting substrate; and (d) removing the first liquid and the second liquid from the droplets to form the film, which is composed of the first conducting nano filaments and the graphene material having a nano filament-to-graphene weight ratio of from 1/99 to 99/1, wherein the film exhibits an optical transparence no less than 80% and sheet resistance no higher than 300 ohm/square.

Graphene-based elastic heat spreader films

Provided is a elastic heat spreader film (and production process for manufacturing same) comprising: (a) an elastomer or rubber as a binder material or a matrix material; and (b) multiple graphene sheets that are bonded by the binder material or dispersed in the matrix material, wherein the multiple graphene sheets are substantially aligned to be parallel to one another and wherein the elastomer or rubber is in an amount from 0.001% to 20% by weight based on the total heat spreader film weight; wherein the multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof; and wherein the elastic heat spreader film has a fully recoverable tensile elastic strain from 2% to 100% and an in-plane thermal conductivity from 200 W/mK to 1,750 W/mK.

Production process for metal matrix nanocomposite containing oriented graphene sheets

Provided is a metal matrix nanocomposite comprising: (a) a metal or metal alloy as a matrix material; and (b) multiple graphene sheets that are dispersed in said matrix material, wherein said multiple graphene sheets are substantially aligned to be parallel to one another and are in an amount from 0.1% to 95% by volume based on the total nanocomposite volume; wherein the multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof and wherein the chemically functionalized graphene is not graphene oxide. The metal matrix exhibits a combination of exceptional tensile strength, modulus, thermal conductivity, and/or electrical conductivity.

Graphene oxide-metal nanowire transparent conductive film

A process for producing a transparent conductive film, comprising (a) providing a graphene oxide gel; (b) dispersing metal nanowires in the graphene oxide gel to form a suspension; (c) dispensing and depositing the suspension onto a substrate; and (d) removing the liquid medium to form the film. The film is composed of metal nanowires and graphene oxide with a metal nanowire-to-graphene oxide weight ratio from 1/99 to 99/1, wherein the metal nanowires contain no surface-borne metal oxide or metal compound and the film exhibits an optical transparence no less than 80% and sheet resistance no higher than 300 ohm/square. This film can be used as a transparent conductive electrode in an electro-optic device, such as a photovoltaic or solar cell, light-emitting diode, photo-detector, touch screen, electro-wetting display, liquid crystal display, plasma display, LED display, a TV screen, a computer screen, or a mobile phone screen.

Anti-corrosion material-coated discrete graphene sheets and anti-corrosion coating composition containing same

Graphene-enabled anti-corrosion coating

Provided is a graphene-based aqueous coating suspension comprising multiple graphene sheets, particles of an anti-corrosive pigment or sacrificial metal, and a waterborne binder resin dissolved or dispersed in water, wherein the multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 47% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein the non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof and wherein the coating suspension does not contain a silicate binder or microspheres dispersed therein. Also provided is an object or structure coated at least in part with such a coating.

Ricinus communis fruit harvesting device, harvesting machinery, and harvesting method

Process for nano graphene platelet-reinforced composite material

A process for producing a nanographene platelet-reinforced composite material having nanographene platelets or sheets (NGPs) as a first reinforcement phase dispersed in a matrix material and the first reinforcement phase occupies a weight fraction of 1-90% based on the total composite weight. Preferably, these NGPs, alone or in combination with a second reinforcement phase, are bonded by an adhesive and constitute a continuous 3-D network of electron- and phonon-conducting paths.

Nano graphene platelet-reinforced composite heat sinks and process for producing same

An integrated heat sink article composed of a heat collection member and at least one heat dissipation member integral to the heat collection member, wherein the heat collection member is configured to be in thermal contact with a heat source, collects heat from the heat source, and dissipates heat through the at least one heat dissipation member, and further wherein the heat sink is formed of a nano graphene platelet-reinforced composite having nano graphene platelets or sheets (NGPs) as a first reinforcement phase dispersed in a matrix material and the first reinforcement phase occupies a weight fraction of 1-90% based on the total composite weight. Preferably, these NGPs, alone or in combination with a second reinforcement phase, are bonded by an adhesive and constitute a continuous 3-D network of electron- and phonon-conducting paths.

Graphene-enabled anti-corrosion coating

Provided is a graphene-based aqueous coating suspension comprising multiple graphene sheets, particles of an anti-corrosive pigment or sacrificial metal, and a waterborne binder resin dissolved or dispersed in water, wherein the multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 47% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein the non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof and wherein the coating suspension does not contain a silicate binder or microspheres dispersed therein. Also provided is an object or structure coated at least in part with such a coating.

Razor and razor handle with rotational portion

A razor handle for mounting a razor cartridge having at least one razor blade, which cartridge is pivotable about a cartridge pivot axis, is provided. The razor handle includes a grip portion, a cartridge mount portion, at least one biasing element, and a lock mechanism. The cartridge mount portion is pivotally attached to the grip portion and is rotatable about a cartridge mount pivot axis. The cartridge mount pivot axis is substantially parallel to the cartridge pivot axis. The at least one biasing element is configured to apply a biasing force against the cartridge mount portion that biases the cartridge mount portion in the normal first position. The lock mechanism is selectively disposable in a lock position and at least one unlocked position.

Reactor for continuous production of graphene and 2d inorganic compounds

Provided is a continuous reactor system for producing graphene or an inorganic 2-D compound, the reactor comprising: (a) a rust body comprising an outer wall and a second body comprising an inner wall, wherein the inner wall defines a bore and the first body is configured within the bore and a motor is configured to rotate the first and/or second body; (b) a reaction chamber between the outer wall of the first body and the inner wall of the second body; (c) a first inlet and a second inlet disposed at first end of the reactor and in fluid communication with the reaction chamber; (d) a first outlet and a second outlet disposed downstream from the first inlet, the outlets being in fluid communication with the reaction chamber; and (e) a flow return conduit having two inlets/outlets in fluid communication with two ends of the reactor.

Graphene-based elastic heat spreader films

Provided is a elastic heat spreader film comprising: (a) an elastomer or rubber as a binder material or a matrix material; and (b) multiple graphene sheets that are bonded by the binder material or dispersed in the matrix material, wherein the multiple graphene sheets are substantially aligned to be parallel to one another and wherein the elastomer or rubber is in an amount from 0.001% to 20% by weight based on the total heat spreader film weight; wherein the multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof; and wherein the elastic heat spreader film has a fully recoverable tensile elastic strain from 2% to 100% and an in-plane thermal conductivity from 200 W/mK to 1,750 W/mK.

Anti-corrosion material-coated discrete graphene sheets and anti-corrosion coating composition containing same

Provided is a graphene-based coating suspension comprising multiple graphene sheets, thin film coating of an anti-corrosive pigment or sacrificial metal deposited on graphene sheets, and a binder resin dissolved or dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein the multiple graphene sheets contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 47% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein the non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof. The invention also provides a process for producing this coating suspension. Also provided is an object or structure coated at least in part with such a coating.

篦麻種子齊一性發芽方法

一種篦麻種子齊一性發芽方法，係將篦麻種子於浸種水中浸種，浸種水係以展著劑以水稀釋1000至2000倍，且浸種時間於24小時內，使篦麻種子具有良好的發芽率，藉此構成本發明。

農地の土壌状態を予測するモノのインターネットシステム及びモデリング方法

【課題】農地の土壌状態を予測するモノのインターネットシステム及びモデリング方法を提供する。【解決手段】システムは、本システムの全体的な機能を制御するために用いられ、本システムの主制御装置である少なくとも１つの計算モジュール１を含む。計算モジュール内に、分析してその分析情報に従って予測モデルを構築するための分析ユニットと、対応する学習モデルを構築するように、少なくとも１種の適切な演算機能を有する機械学習ユニットと、をさらに含む。計算モジュールは、情報伝送の仲介として機能するように、モノのインターネットモジュールに電気的に接続される。モノのインターネットモジュールは、少なくとも１つの検出ユニットに電気的に接続され、目標環境土壌及び領域に配置され、環境及び土壌条件に対して情報を収集した後に計算モジュール内に返送し、後続分析を行うために用いられる。【選択図】図１

Method of producing protected anode active material particles for rechargeable lithium batteries

Provided is a method of producing multiple particulates, the method comprising: (a) dispersing multiple primary particles of an anode active material, having a particle size from 2 nm to 20 μm, and particles of a polymer foam material, having a particle size from 50 nm to 20 μm, and an optional adhesive or binder in a liquid medium to form a slurry; and (b) shaping the slurry and removing the liquid medium to form the multiple particulates having a diameter from 100 nm to 50 μm; wherein at least one of the multiple particulates comprises a polymer foam material having pores and a single or a plurality of the primary particles embedded in or in contact with the polymer foam material, wherein the primary particles have a total solid volume Va, and the pores have a total pore volume Vp, and the volume ratio Vp/Va is from 0.1/1.0 to 10/1.

Anti-corrosion coating composition

Provided is a humic acid-based coating suspension comprising humic acid, particles of an anti-corrosive pigment or sacrificial metal, and a binder resin dissolved or dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein the humic acid has a weight fraction from 0.1% to 50% based on the total coating suspension weight excluding the liquid medium. Also provided is an object or structure coated at least in part with such a coating.

White jelly fungus cultivation bottle

Power supply having function of monitoring power of input power-source

基因檢測平台方法

關連式法則分析寬頻網路訊務之異常診斷方法

關連式法則分析寬頻網路訊務之異常診斷方法，適用於複雜的電信寬頻網路訊務分佈行為分析，著重訊務關連交互影響分析，可透過時間性關連或空間(銜接)性之關連，與已知基準訊務樣式進行關連分析與比對，進一步過濾篩選可能之電路訊務異常選項。進而察覺隱匿於網路訊務行為中的徵兆，及早發現網路訊務問題的成因。

Electricity output control method of fuel cell using auxiliary device and auxiliary cell system

濕紙巾包裝盒兼拆卸式盒蓋

A sapindoside pellet and method for producing the same

Folding structure of foldable chair

Active-type biomedical database management system, and method to monitor the biomedical data in real-time

Three - dimensional Laser Scanning Detection Method for Gray Mural Painting