Method for selectively producing propylene by catalytic cracking an olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock

The invention provides a method for converting an olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock to propylene comprising: contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock under catalytic cracking conditions with a catalyst comprising a catalyst selected from the group consisting of SAPO catalysts, MeAPO catalysts, MeASPO catalysts, ELAPO catalysts, ELASPO catalysts, rare earth exchanged catalysts from any of the preceding groups, and mixtures thereof, under cracking conditions to selectively produce propylene. The invention further provides a method for stabilizing a catalyst to steam from the foregoing group by ion exchange with a rare earth metal. A catalyst has enhanced stability as used herein when treated with a rare earth metal or metals in a concentration effective to provide a catalyst which exhibits a higher conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock to propylene than does an equal quantity of an untreated sample of the same catalyst under the same conditions following exposure of each catalyst to steam for a period ...

Olefin oligomerization

This invention is to a method of oligomerizing an olefin feed stream. The olefin feed stream contains at least one C2to C12olefin to obtain an olefin feed stream and has less than 1,000 ppm by weight oxygenated hydrocarbon. The olefin is oligomerized by contacting with an acid based oligomerization catalyst.

SYNTHESIS OF MOLECULAR SIEVE CATALYSTS

Disclosed is a molecular sieve catalyst which contains molecular sieve-containing attrition particles and virgin molecular sieve, the attrition particles having been recycled from a catalyst manufacture process or from a reaction system. The catalyst can be used in a variety of catalytic reaction processes. A desired process is making olefins from an oxygenate feedstock. The recovery and use of the attrition particles in the catalyst is beneficial in minimizing waste, thereby reducing problems relating to both environmental and economic constraints.

Maintaining molecular sieve catalytic activity under water vapor conditions

The invention is directed to methods for protecting metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves, particularly silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) molecular sieves, from loss of catalytic activity due to contact with a gas containing water. The methods of the invention provide procedures that enable activated sieve to contact water vapor, within a certain range of time, temperature, and water partial pressure conditions, before the sieve becomes substantially deactivated.

Fines co-feed for maintaining efficient reactor hydrodynamics

This invention provides processes for maintaining a desired particle size distribution in an oxygenate to olefin reaction system. In one embodiment, the invention comprises replacing lost catalyst fines with less active co-catalyst particles. By adding less active co-catalyst particles to the reaction system, desirable fluidization characteristics and hydrodynamics can be maintained without affecting the overall (or primary catalyst) performance and product selectivities. The invention is also directed to a population of catalyst particles having a desirable particle size distribution well-suited for realizing ideal fluidization and hydrodynamic characteristics.

Molecular sieve catalyst composition, its making and use in conversion processes

A catalyst composition that comprises an over flocculated molecular sieve and optionally, a phosphorous compound and, optionally, a non-over flocculated molecular sieve. A method of preparing a catalyst composition that comprises mixing an over flocculated molecular sieve and optionally, a phosphorous compound and, optionally, a non-over flocculated molecular sieve.

Methanol and fuel alcohol production for an oxygenate to olefin reaction system

The present invention provides various processes for producing C1 to C4 alcohols, optionally in a mixed alcohol stream, and optionally converting the alcohols to light olefins. In one embodiment, the invention includes directing a first portion of a syngas stream to a methanol synthesis zone wherein methanol is synthesized. A second portion of the syngas stream is directed to a fuel alcohol synthesis zone wherein fuel alcohol is synthesized. The methanol and at least a portion of the fuel alcohol are directed to an oxygenate to olefin reaction system for conversion thereof to ethylene and propylene.

Production of olefin dimers and oligomers

Disclosed is an olefin containing stream from an oxygenate to olefin process, and a process for making olefin dimer and oligomer product from the olefin containing stream using a nickel based oligomerization catalyst. The dimer/oligomer product is optionally converted to hydroformylated product. The olefin containing stream that is used to make the higher olefin product has low levels of impurities including nitrogen, sulfur and/or chlorine.

Heat treating a molecular sieve and catalyst

Disclosed is a method of heat treating a molecular sieve. The method comprises providing a template-containing molecular sieve, heating the molecular sieve under conditions effective to remove a portion of the template from the molecular sieve, and cooling the heated molecular sieve to leave an amount of template effective to cover catalytic sites within the molecular sieve. A catalyst composition is, also provided which comprises a molecular sieve having a microporous structure and a binder, wherein between 10 and 90 vol % of the microporous structure is occupied by a material, the material comprising a template or a carbonaceous residue of a template, and the catalyst composition exhibits a Davison Index of not greater than 30.

Oligomerization Process

The present invention concerns a process for oligomerizing an olefin feedstock to form an oligomerization product, and a method of controlling such an oligomerization process. The process comprises oligomerizing propylene to form a Cnolefin, including contacting a feed stream comprising propylene and a recycle fraction with a solid phosphoric acid oligomerization catalyst under effective oligomerization conditions in an oligomerization reactor to produce an oligomerization effluent; and fractionating the oligomerization effluent to obtain a product fraction and the recycle fraction, the product fraction comprising the Cnolefin and the recycle fraction comprising a Cn-3olefin; wherein the recycle fraction comprises at least 80 wt % of the Cn-3olefin, based on the weight of the recycle fraction; and wherein n is 9, or 12.

Two catalyst process for making olefin

This invention is to a process of making olefin, particularly ethylene and propylene, from an oxygenate feed. The invention uses two or more zeolite catalysts. Examples of zeolite catalysts include a first catalyst containing of ZSM-5, and a second catalyst containing a 10-ring molecular sieve, including but not limited to, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM35, ZSM-48, and mixtures thereof. The ZSM-5 can be unmodified, phosphorous modified, steam modified having a micropore volume reduced to not less than 50% of that of the unsteamed ZSM-5, or various mixtures thereof.

Olefin oligomerization

This invention is to a method of oligomerizing an olefin feed stream. The olefin feed stream contains at least one C2 to C12 olefin to obtain an olefin feed stream and has less than 1,000 ppm by weight oxygenated hydrocarbon. The olefin is oligomerized by contacting with an acid based oligomerization catalyst.

Attrition resistant molecular sieve catalysts

This invention is directed to a hardened molecular sieve catalyst composition, a method of making the composition and a method of using the composition. The catalyst composition is made by mixing together molecular sieve, liquid, and an effective hardening amount of a dried molecular sieve catalyst to form a slurry. The slurry is dried, and then calcined to form the hardened molecular sieve catalyst composition. The hardened molecular sieve catalyst is highly attrition resistant.

Stabilization of acid catalysts

The invention is directed to a method of stabilizing metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves and catalysts derived therefrom. In particular, the invention is directed to a method of treating such molecular sieves with chemisorbed ammonia, which may be easily desorbed before or during use and after storage. The invention is also directed to formulating the molecular sieve into a catalyst useful in a process for producing olefin(s), preferably ethylene and/or propylene, from a feedstock, preferably an oxygenate containing feedstock.

Molecular sieve catalyst composition, its making and use in conversion processes

The invention relates to a molecular sieve catalyst composition, to a method of making or forming the molecular sieve catalyst composition, and to a conversion process using the catalyst composition. In particular, the invention is directed to a molecular sieve catalyst composition of a molecular sieve, a binder and a matrix material, wherein the weight ratio of the binder to the molecular sieve is controlled to provide an improved attrition resistant catalyst composition, particularly useful in a conversion process for producing olefin(s), preferably ethylene and/or propylene, from a feedstock, preferably an oxygenate containing feedstock.

Protecting catalytic sites of metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves

Metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves and metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve catalyst particles are protecting from degradation by water by maintaining said molecular sieves or catalysts in contact with a liquid mixture of alcohol and water, the mixture of alcohol and water containing from 45 wt % to 99.8 wt % alcohol. The metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves and metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve catalyst particles which have been protected in such fashion catalyze the conversion of feedstocks to hydrocarbons.

Catalyst and process for the conversion of oxygenates to olefins

A catalyst composition for use in the conversion of oxygenates to olefins comprises a first molecular sieve comprising a CHA framework type material and a second molecular sieve comprising an AFI framework type material, wherein said second molecular sieve is present in an amount up to 0.75% by weight of said first molecular sieve.

Oligomerization process

The present invention concerns a process for oligomerizing an olefin feedstock to form an oligomerization product, and a method of controlling such an oligomerization process. The process comprises oligomerizing propylene to form a Cnolefin, including contacting a feed stream comprising propylene and a recycle fraction with a solid phosphoric acid oligomerization catalyst under effective oligomerization conditions in an oligomerization reactor to produce an oligomerization effluent; and fractionating the oligomerization effluent to obtain a product fraction and the recycle fraction, the product fraction comprising the Cnolefin and the recycle fraction comprising a Cn-3olefin; wherein the recycle fraction comprises at least 80 wt % of the Cn-3olefin, based on the weight of the recycle fraction; and wherein n is 9, or 12.

Molecular sieve catalyst composition, its making and use in conversion processes

The invention relates to a molecular sieve catalyst composition, to a method of making or forming the molecular sieve catalyst composition, and to a conversion process using the catalyst composition. In particular, the invention is directed to a making a molecular sieve catalyst composition by forming a slurry by combining a molecular sieve, a binder and a matrix material, wherein the slurry has a pH, above or below the isoelectric point of the molecular sieve. The catalyst composition has improved attrition resistance, particularly useful in a conversion process for producing olefin(s), preferably ethylene and/or propylene, from a feedstock, preferably an oxygenate containing feedstock.

Molecular sieve catalyst composition, its making and use in conversion process

The invention relates to a molecular sieve catalyst composition, to a method of making or forming the molecular sieve catalyst composition, and to a conversion process using the catalyst composition. In particular, the invention is directed to a molecular sieve catalyst composition of a molecular sieve, a binder and a matrix material, wherein the weight ratio of the binder to the molecular sieve is controlled to provide an improved attrition resistant catalyst composition, particularly useful in a conversion process for producing olefin(s), preferably ethylene and/or propylene, from a feedstock, preferably an oxygenate containing feedstock.

Protecting catalytic activity of a SAPO molecular sieve

This invention is directed to a method of making an olefin product from an oxygenate feedstock and a method of protecting catalytic activity of a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve. The methods comprise providing a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve having catalytic sites within the molecular sieve; shielding the catalytic sites to protect from loss of catalytic activity; and contacting the protected sieve in its activated state with an oxygenate feedstock under conditions effective to produce an olefin product before undesirable loss of catalytic activity. Undesirable loss in catalytic activity occurs when activated molecular sieve contacting the oxygenate feedstock has a methanol uptake index of at least 0.15.

Protecting catalytic sites of metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves

Metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves and metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve catalyst particles are protecting from degradation by water by maintaining said molecular sieves or catalysts in contact with a liquid mixture of alcohol and water, the mixture of alcohol and water containing from 45 wt % to 99.8 wt % alcohol. The metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves and metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve catalyst particles which have been protected in such fashion catalyze the conversion of feedstocks to hydrocarbons.

Attrition resistant molecular sieve catalyst, method of making and process for using

This invention provides an attrition resistant metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve catalyst composition, methods of making the catalyst composition and processes for using the catalyst composition. The metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve catalyst composition is highly attrition resistant in dried as well as fully calcined forms.

Maintaining molecular sieve catalytic activity under water vapor conditions

The invention is directed to methods for protecting metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves, particularly silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) molecular sieves, from loss of catalytic activity due to contact with a gas containing water. The methods of the invention provide procedures that enable activated sieve to contact water vapor, within a certain range of time, temperature, and water partial pressure conditions, before the sieve becomes substantially deactivated.

Attrition resistant molecular sieve catalysts

This invention is directed to a hardened molecular sieve catalyst composition, a method of making the composition and a method of using the composition. The catalyst composition is made by mixing together molecular sieve, liquid, and an effective hardening amount of a dried molecular sieve catalyst to form a slurry. The slurry is dried, and then calcined to form the hardened molecular sieve catalyst composition. The hardened molecular sieve catalyst is highly attrition resistant.

Catalyst and process for the conversion of oxygenates to olefins

A catalyst composition for use in the conversion of oxygenates to olefins comprises a first molecular sieve comprising a CHA framework type material and a second molecular sieve comprising an AFI framework type material, wherein said second molecular sieve is present in an amount up to 0.75% by weight of said first molecular sieve.

Modified metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves

The invention is directed to a method for modifying a microporous metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve, the method comprising the steps of a) introducing a compound containing at least one M-X group within the cages of said microporous molecular sieve; and b) reacting said compound containing at least one M-X group with the acid groups located in the cages of the molecular sieve, wherein the compound containing at least one M-X group is selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula MX3, compounds of formula M2X6, and mixtures thereof, M being a metal belonging to Group 13 of the Periodic Table, and each X independently being a hydrogen or halogen atom. Preferably, X is a hydrogen atom. The present invention also relates to modified metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves, preferably modified silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves, as well as to the use of these modified molecular sieves in catalytic processes, such as processes for the conversion of oxygenated hydrocarbon ...

Molecular sieve catalyst composition, its production and use in conversion processes

The invention relates to a molecular sieve catalyst composition, to a method of making or forming the molecular sieve catalyst composition, and to a conversion process using the catalyst composition. In particular, the invention is directed to a catalyst composition comprising a molecular sieve having a framework including at least [AlO4] and [PO4] tetrahedral units, at least one of a binder and a matrix material and at least one phosphorus compound separate from said molecular sieve wherein, after calcination at 760° C. for 3 hours, said catalyst composition has a microporous surface area in excess of 20% of the microporous surface area of said molecular sieve after calcination at 650° C. in nitrogen for 2 hours. The catalyst composition is particularly useful in a conversion process for producing olefin(s), preferably ethylene and/or propylene, from a feedstock, preferably an oxygenate containing feedstock.

Heat treating a molecular sieve and catalyst

Disclosed is a method of heat treating a molecular sieve. The method comprises providing a template-containing molecular sieve, heating the molecular sieve under conditions effective to remove a portion of the template from the molecular sieve, and cooling the heated molecular sieve to leave an amount of template effective to cover catalytic sites within the molecular sieve. A catalyst composition is also provided which comprises a molecular sieve having a microporous structure and a binder, wherein between 10 and 90 vol % of the microporous structure is occupied by a material, the material comprising a template or a carbonaceous residue of a template, and the catalyst composition exhibits a Davison Index of not greater than 30.

Method of starting up a reaction system

The invention is directed to methods of starting up reaction systems. The reaction systems are those that use catalysts that comprise molecular sieves, particularly metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves, especially metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves which are susceptible to loss of catalytic activity due to contact with water molecules. The methods provide appropriate mechanisms of heating and loading the activated molecular sieves to protect against loss of catalytic activity that can occur due to contact with water molecules.

Molecular sieve catalyst composition, its making and use in conversion processes

The invention relates to a molecular sieve catalyst composition, to a method of making or forming the molecular sieve catalyst composition, and to a conversion process using the catalyst composition. In particular, the invention is directed to making a formulated molecular sieve catalyst composition with a synthesized molecular sieve having been recovered using a flocculant. The formulated composition is particularly useful in a conversion process for producing olefin(s), preferably ethylene and/or propylene, from a feedstock, preferably an oxygenate containing feedstock.

Crystalline intergrowth material, its synthesis and its use in the conversion of oxygenates to olefins

A silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve is disclosed that comprises first and second intergrown phases of a CHA framework type and an AEI framework type, wherein said first intergrown phase has an AEI/CHA ratio of from about 5/95 to about 40/60 as determined by DIFFaX analysis, the second intergrown phase has an AEI/CHA ratio of about 30/70 to about 55/45 as determined by DIFFaX analysis and said molecular sieve has a silica to alumina molar ratio (Si/Al2) from about 0.13 to about 0.24.

Molecular sieve catalyst compositions, its making and use in conversion processes

The invention relates to a molecular sieve catalyst composition, to a method of making or forming the molecular sieve catalyst composition, and to a conversion process using the catalyst composition. In particular, the invention is directed to a making a molecular sieve catalyst composition by forming a slurry by combining a molecular sieve, a binder and a matrix material, wherein the slurry has a pH, above or below the isoelectric point of the molecular sieve. The catalyst composition has improved attrition resistance, particularly useful in a conversion process for producing olefin(s), preferably ethylene and/or propylene, from a feedstock, preferably an oxygenate containing feedstock.

Molecular sieve catalyst composition, its making and use in conversion processes

The invention relates to a molecular sieve catalyst composition, to a method of making or forming the molecular sieve catalyst composition, and to a conversion process using the catalyst composition. In particular, the invention is directed to making a formulated molecular sieve catalyst composition from a slurry of formulation composition of a synthesized molecular sieve that has not been fully dried, a binder and an optional matrix material. In a more preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the binder to the molecular sieve and/or the solid content of the slurry is controlled to provide an improved attrition resistant catalyst composition, particularly useful in a conversion process for producing olefin(s), preferably ethylene and/or propylene, from a feedstock, preferably an oxygenate containing feedstock.

Synthesis of molecular sieve catalysts

Disclosed is a molecular sieve catalyst which contains molecular sieve-containing attrition particles and virgin molecular sieve, the attrition particles having been recycled from a catalyst manufacture process or from a reaction system. The catalyst can be used in a variety of catalytic reaction processes. A desired process is making olefins from an oxygenate feedstock. The recovery and use of the attrition particles in the catalyst is beneficial in minimizing waste, thereby reducing problems relating to both environmental and economic constraints.

Hydroformylation of butenes comprising isobutylene

Mixed butene streams containing butene-1 and isobutylene and optionally butene-2 are hydroformylated under conditions that hydroformylates all the monomers to yield a mixture of valeraldehydes. Higher temperatures and/or longer residence times and/or higher partial pressure of carbon monoxide than in conventional processes are used to ensure hydroformylation of all the monomers.

Molecular sieve catalyst composition, its making and use in conversion processes

This invention provides methods of making molecular sieve catalyst particles, molecular sieve slurries that can be used in such methods, molecular sieve catalyst compositions and their use in catalytic hydrocarbon conversion processes. In one of its aspects, the invention provides a method of making molecular sieve catalyst particles, the method comprising the steps of: a) providing a solution or suspension of an aluminum-containing inorganic oxide precursor in a liquid medium; b) combining the solution or suspension of aluminum-containing inorganic oxide precursor with a molecular sieve, and optionally other formulating agents, to form a catalyst formulation slurry; c) aging the catalyst formulation slurry to generate in said slurry a percentage, or increase in said slurry the existing percentage, of aluminum atoms of the aluminum-containing precursor in the form of oligomers having a sharp27Al NMR peak at 62-63 ppm; and d) forming molecular sieve catalyst particles from the catalyst formulation ...

Molecular-sieve catalyst composition, its making and use in conversion processes

The invention relates to a molecular sieve catalyst composition, to a method of making or forming the molecular sieve catalyst composition, and to a conversion process using the catalyst composition. In particular, the invention is directed to making a formulated molecular sieve catalyst composition from a slurry of formulation composition of a synthesized molecular sieve that has not been fully dried, a binder and an optional matrix material. In a more preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the binder to the molecular sieve and/or the solid content of the slurry is controlled to provide an improved attrition resistant catalyst composition, particularly useful in a conversion process for producing olefin(s), preferably ethylene and/or propylene, from a feedstock, preferably an oxygenate containing feedstock.

Molecular sieve catalyst composition, its making and use in conversion processes

This invention provides methods of making molecular sieve catalyst particles, molecular sieve slurries that can be used in such methods, molecular sieve catalyst compositions and their use in catalytic hydrocarbon conversion processes. In one of its aspects, the invention provides a method of making molecular sieve catalyst particles, the method comprising the steps of: a) providing a solution or suspension of an aluminum-containing inorganic oxide precursor in a liquid medium; b) combining the solution or suspension of aluminum-containing inorganic oxide precursor with a molecular sieve, and optionally other formulating agents, to form a catalyst formulation slurry; c) aging the catalyst formulation slurry to generate in said slurry a percentage, or increase in said slurry the existing percentage, of aluminum atoms of the aluminum-containing precursor in the form of oligomers having a sharp27 Al NMR peak at 62-63 ppm; and d) forming molecular sieve catalyst particles from the catalyst ...

Method of protecting SAPO molecular sieve from loss of catalytic activity

Disclosed is a method of protecting the loss of catalytic activity of metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve, particularly a SAPO molecular sieve, from contact with moisture. The method involves heating the metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve so as to remove template, and provide a molecular sieve in sufficiently dry form for storage.

Production of higher olefins

A method of making a higher olefin product from a C4+ fraction separated from the hydrocarbon product produced by an oxygenate to olefin reaction unit. The C4+ fraction primarily contains butenes which may be directed to a higher olefin reaction unit without removing isobutenes, butanes, and/or butadiene. The C4+ fraction is particularly well suited for the production of higher olefins because of its high olefin content, low branching number, and low contaminent levels. The invention is also directed to an olefin product composition that is produced by contacting the C4+ fraction with an oligomerization catalyst. The olefin composition is characterized by a relatively high octene content, and octene with a branching number less than 1.4.

Production of higher olefins

A method of making a higher olefin product from a C4+ fraction separated from the hydrocarbon product produced by an oxygenate to olefin reaction unit. The C4+ fraction primarily contains butenes which may be directed to a higher olefin reaction unit without removing isobutenes, butanes, and/or butadiene. The C4+ fraction is particularly well suited for the production of higher olefins because of its high olefin content, low branching number, and low contaminent levels. The invention is also directed to an olefin product composition that is produced by contacting the C4+ fraction with an oligomerization catalyst. The olefin composition is characterized by a relatively high octene content, and octene with a branching number less than 1.4.

Stripping hydrocarbon in an oxygenate conversion process

A process for method for the production of olefin product from an oxygenate-containing feedstock includes exposing a silicoaluminophosphate catalyst to an oxygenate-containing feedstock in a reaction zone under conditions effective to convert the oxygenate-containing feedstock to an olefin product, by stripping at least a portion of the exposed catalyst with a stripping gas; and returning at least a portion of the stripped catalyst directly to the reaction zone.

Propylene Hydroformylation

Propylene streams obtained by the conversion of oxygenates to olefins are used as feeds for hydroformylation. The streams may contain measurable amounts of dimethyl ether without adversely impacting the hydroformylation.

Hydrocarbon conversion processes using non-zeolitic molecular sieve catalysts

Hydrocarbon conversion process in which a feedstock is contacted with a non zeolitic molecular sieve to remove most, if not all, of the halogen contained in the catalyst. The halogen may be removed by one of several methods. One method includes heating the catalyst in a low moisture environment, followed by contacting the heated catalyst with air and/or steam. Another method includes steam-treating the catalyst at a temperature from 400° C. to 1000° C. The hydrocarbon conversion processes include the conversion of oxygenates to olefins, the conversion of oxygenates and ammonia to alkylamines, the conversion of oxygenates and aromatic compounds to alkylated aromatic compounds, cracking and dewaxing.

Molecular sieve catalyst composition, its production and use in conversion processes

The invention relates to a molecular sieve catalyst composition, to a method of making or forming the molecular sieve catalyst composition, and to a conversion process using the catalyst composition. In particular, the invention is directed to a catalyst composition comprising a molecular sieve having a framework including at least [AlO4] and [PO4] tetrahedral units, at least one of a binder and a matrix material and at least one phosphorus compound separate from said molecular sieve wherein, after calcination at 760° C. for 3 hours, said catalyst composition has a microporous surface area in excess of 20% of the microporous surface area of said molecular sieve after calcination at 650° C. in nitrogen for 2 hours. The catalyst composition is particularly useful in a conversion process for producing olefin(s), preferably ethylene and/or propylene, from a feedstock, preferably an oxygenate containing feedstock.

Molecular sieve catalyst composition, its making and use in conversion processes

The invention relates to a molecular sieve catalyst composition, to a method of making or forming the molecular sieve catalyst composition, and to a conversion process using the catalyst composition. In particular, the invention is directed to making a formulated molecular sieve catalyst composition from a slurry of formulation composition of a synthesized molecular sieve that has not been fully dried, a binder and an optional matrix material. In a more preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the binder to the molecular sieve and/or the solid content of the slurry is controlled to provide an improved attrition resistant catalyst composition, particularly useful in a conversion process for producing olefin(s), preferably ethylene and/or propylene, from a feedstock, preferably an oxygenate containing feedstock.

Personal radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation exposimetry

A method and system for determining a whole-body averaged specific absorption ratio (SAR wb ) in a person comprises positioning an exposimeter on the person's body and providing a chamber forming an electromagnetic (EM) cavity and comprising a radiofrequency emitter and receiver; determining a first reverberation time of decay of EM power and a free-space incident power density in the chamber when the person is absent, and determining, a second reverberation time of decay of EM power in the chamber and a reference received power, received by the exposimeter, when the person is present in the chamber; and determining an absorption cross section of the person taking the first and second reverberation time and a volume of the chamber into account, determining a calibration factor relating a received power on the exposimeter to the SAR wb , measuring a received power using the exposimeter, and determining the SAR wb by applying the calibration factor.

Method of transferring catalyst in a reaction system

The invention is directed to methods of transfering catalyst particles into and within reaction systems. The reaction systems are those that use catalysts that comprise molecular sieves, particularly metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves, especially metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves which are susceptible to loss of catalytic activity due to contact with water molecules. The transfer methods provide appropriate mechanisms for transporting catalyst into and within a reactor to protect against loss of catalytic activity that can occur due to contact with water molecules.

Protecting catalytic activity of a SAPO molecular sieve

This invention is directed to a method of making an olefin product from an oxygenate feedstock and a method of protecting catalytic activity of a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve. The methods comprise providing a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve having catalytic sites within the molecular sieve; shielding the catalytic sites to protect from loss of catalytic activity; and contacting the protected sieve in its activated state with an oxygenate feedstock under conditions effective to produce an olefin product before undesirable loss of catalytic activity. Undesirable loss in catalytic activity occurs when activated molecular sieve contacting the oxygenate feedstock has a methanol uptake index of at least 0.15.

Modified metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves

The invention is directed to a method for modifying a microporous metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve, the method comprising the steps of a) introducing a compound containing at least one M-X group within the cages of said microporous molecular sieve; and b) reacting said compound containing at least one M-X group with the acid groups located in the cages of the molecular sieve, wherein the compound containing at least one M-X group is selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula MX3, compounds of formula M2X6, and mixtures thereof, M being a metal belonging to Group 13 of the Periodic Table, and each X independently being a hydrogen or halogen atom. Preferably, X is a hydrogen atom. The present invention also relates to modified metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves, preferably modified silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves, as well as to the use of these modified molecular sieves in catalytic processes, such as processes for the conversion of oxygenated hydrocarbon ...

Production of naphtha and light olefins

Disclosed is a method for treating naphtha. The method comprises providing naphtha feed, and the naphtha feed comprises naphthene ring-containing compounds. The naphtha feed is contacted with a ring opening catalyst containing a Group VIII metal under conditions effective to ring open the naphthene rings to form a ring opened product. The ring open product can then be contacted with a catalytic cracking catalyst under effective cracking conditions to form an olefin product. The olefin product will be particularly high in ethylene and propylene content.

Two catalyst process for making olefin

This invention is to a process of making olefin, particularly ethylene and propylene, from an oxygenate feed. The invention uses two or more zeolite catalysts. Examples of zeolite catalysts include a first catalyst containing of ZSM-5, and a second catalyst containing a 10-ring molecular sieve, including but not limited to, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM35, ZSM-48, and mixtures thereof. The ZSM-5 can be unmodified, phosphorous modified, steam modified having a micropore volume reduced to not less than 50% of that of the unsteamed ZSM-5, or various mixtures thereof.

Production of olefin dimers and oligomers

Disclosed is an olefin containing stream from an oxygenate to olefin process, and a process for making olefin dimer and oligomer product from the olefin containing stream using a nickel based oligomerization catalyst. The dimer/oligomer product is optionally converted to hydroformylated product. The olefin containing stream that is used to make the higher olefin product has low levels of impurities including nitrogen, sulfur and/or chlorine.

Stabilization of acid catalysts

The invention is directed to a method of stabilizing metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves and catalysts derived therefrom. In particular, the invention is directed to a method of treating such molecular sieves with chemisorbed ammonia, which may be easily desorbed before or during use and after storage. The invention is also directed to formulating the molecular sieve into a catalyst useful in a process for producing olefin(s), preferably ethylene and/or propylene, from a feedstock, preferably an oxygenate containing feedstock.

Molecular sieve catalyst composition, its making and use in conversion processes

The invention relates to a molecular sieve catalyst composition, to a method of making or forming the molecular sieve catalyst composition, and to a conversion process using the catalyst composition. In particular, the invention is directed to a conversion process for producing olefin(s), preferably ethylene and/or propylene, from a feedstock, preferably an oxygenate containing feedstock in the presence of a molecular sieve having been synthesized in the presence of a flocculant.

Transfer Hydroformylation for the Production of Oxygenates

The present disclosure provides a method for forming oxygenates from olefins which includes hydroformylation of aldehydes as a formyl source alternative to syngas. In at least one embodiment, a hydroformylation process is performed at low-temperature and at or near ambient pressure for the conversion of olefins into aldehydes, thus reducing the formation of by-products such as via double bond or skeletal isomerization of the feedstock; or via further conversion of the formed aldehydes and alcohols. In at least one embodiment, the use of gaseous olefinic products (e.g., ethylene) instead of strained olefins (e.g., norbornene) improves the control equilibria in transfer hydroformylation reactions. 1. A method for preparing aldehydes , comprising:{'sub': x', 'y, 'contacting a Caldehyde, a Colefin, and a metal catalyst in a reaction vessel, wherein x is an integer of from 3 to 41 and y is an integer of from 2 to 40; and'}{'sub': y+1', 'x−1, 'obtaining a Caldehyde product and a Calkene product.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the olefin is an alpha olefin.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising maintaining a reaction temperature of from 80° C. to 100° C.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising maintaining a reaction pressure of 150 psig or less.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is free of introducing syngas into the reaction vessel.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is free of introducing carbon monoxide into the reaction vessel.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkene product is ethylene.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein Rand Rare hydrogen.10. The method of claim 8 , wherein Rand Ris independently hydrogen or Cto Calkyl.11. The method of claim 8 , wherein each of Rand Ris hydrogen.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein M is Rh or Co.15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the metal catalyst is selected from Rh(CO) claim 14 , Rh(CO) claim 14 , (acetylacetonato)dicarbonylrhodium(I) claim 14 , chlorodicarbonylrhodium dimer claim 14 , ...

Molecular sieve catalyst composition, its making and use in conversion processes

This invention provides methods of making molecular sieve catalyst particles, molecular sieve slurries that can be used in such methods, molecular sieve catalyst compositions and their use in catalytic hydrocarbon conversion processes. In one of its aspects, the invention provides a method of making molecular sieve catalyst particles, the method comprising the steps of: a) providing a solution or suspension of an aluminum-containing inorganic oxide precursor in a liquid medium; b) combining the solution or suspension of aluminum-containing inorganic oxide precursor with a molecular sieve, and optionally other formulating agents, to form a catalyst formulation slurry; c) aging the catalyst formulation slurry to generate in said slurry a percentage, or increase in said slurry the existing percentage, of aluminum atoms of the aluminum-containing precursor in the form of oligomers having a sharp 27 Al NMR peak at 62-63 ppm; and d) forming molecular sieve catalyst particles from the catalyst formulation slurry. The catalyst compositions obtained by the methods of the present invention have improved attrition resistance, and are particularly useful in hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Method for selectively producing propylene by catalytically cracking an olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock

The invention provides a method for converting an olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock to propylene comprising: contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock under catalytic cracking conditions with a catalyst comprising a catalyst selected from the group consisting of SAPO catalysts, MeAPO catalysts, MeASPO catalysts, ELAPO catalysts, ELASPO catalysts, rare earth exchanged catalysts from any of the preceding groups, and mixtures thereof, under cracking conditions to selectively produce propylene. The invention further provides a method for stabilizing a catalyst to steam from the foregoing group by ion exchange with a rare earth metal. A catalyst has enhanced stability as used herein when treated with a rare earth metal or metals in a concentration effective to provide a catalyst which exhibits a higher conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock to propylene than does an equal quantity of an untreated sample of the same catalyst under the same conditions following exposure of each catalyst to steam for a period ...

Protecting catalytic activity of a SAPO molecular sieve

This invention is directed to a method of making an olefin product from an oxygenate feedstock and a method of protecting catalytic activity of a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve. The methods comprise providing a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve having catalytic sites within the molecular sieve; shielding the catalytic sites to protect from loss of catalytic activity; and contacting the protected sieve in its activated state with an oxygenate feedstock under conditions effective to produce an olefin product before undesirable loss of catalytic activity. Undesirable loss in catalytic activity occurs when activated molecular sieve contacting the oxygenate feedstock has a methanol uptake index of at least 0.15.

Processes Related to the Hydroformylation of Butenes

Mixed butene streams containing butene-1 and isobutylene and optionally butene-2 are hydroformylated under conditions that hydroformylates all the monomers to yield a mixture of valeraldehydes 1. A Caldehyde mixture comprising n-pentanal , 3-methyl-butanal and 2-methyl-butanal wherein: 'and', 'i. the ratio of n-pentanal to 2-methyl-butanal is from 3:1 to 100:1;'} 'and containing at least 50% and at most 75% by weight of n-pentanal and/or containing at least 20% by weight 3-methyl-butanal.', 'ii. the ratio of 3-methyl-butanal to 2-methyl-butanal is at least 0.3:1;'}4. An aldehyde mixture comprising: 2-isopropyl-2-heptenal; 2-propyl-2-heptenal; 2-propyl-5-methyl-2-hexenal; 2-propyl-4-methyl-2-hexenal and 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-2-hexenal containing at least 20% 2-propyl-2-heptenal and wherein the ratio of the combined amount of 2-isopropyl-2-heptenal and 2-propyl-5-methyl-2-hexenal to the combined amount of 2-propyl-4-methyl-2-hexenal and 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-2-hexenal is at least 0.3.5. An aldehyde mixture comprising: 2-isopropyl heptanal; 2-propyl heptanal; 2-propyl-5-methyl hexanal; 2-propyl-4-methyl hexanal and 2-isopropyl-4-methyl hexanal containing at least 20% 2-propyl heptanal and wherein the ratio of the combined amount of 2-isopropyl heptanal and 2-propyl-5-methyl hexanal to the combined amount of 2-propyl-4-methyl hexanal and 2-isopropyl-4-methyl hexanal is at least 0.3.6. An alcohol mixture comprising: 2-isopropyl-2-heptenol; 2-propyl-2-heptenol; 2-propyl-5-methyl-2-hexenol; 2-propyl-4-methyl-2-hexenol and 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-2-hexenol containing at least 20% 2-propyl-2-heptenol and wherein the ratio of the combined amount of 2-isopropyl-heptenol and 2-propyl-5-methyl-2-hexenol to the combined amount of 2-propyl-4-methyl-2-hexenol and 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-2-hexenol is at least 0.3.7. An alcohol mixture comprising: 2-isopropyl heptanol; 2-propyl heptanol; 2-propyl-5-methyl hexanol; 2-propyl-4-methyl hexanol and 2-isopropyl-4-methyl hexanol containing at least ...

Hydroformylation Of Butenes

Mixed butene streams containing butene-1 and isobutylene and optionally butene-2 are hydroformylated under conditions that hydroformylates all the monomers to yield a mixture of valeraldehydes. Higher temperatures and/or longer residence times and/or higher partial pressure of carbon monoxide than in conventional processes are used to ensure hydroformylation of all the monomers. 123.-. (canceled)24. A Caldehyde mixture comprising n-pentanal , 3-methyl-butanal and 2-methyl-butanal whereini. the ratio of n-pentanal to 2-methyl-butanal is from 3:1 to 100:1; andii. the ratio of 3-methyl-butanal to 2-methyl-butanal is at least 0.3:1, and comprising from 50 wt % to 75 wt % of n-pentanal.25. The Caldehyde mixture according to claim 24 , further comprising at least 20 wt % 3-methyl-butanal.26. A Caldehyde mixture comprising n-pentanal claim 24 , 3-methyl-butanal and 2-methyl-butanal whereini. the ratio of n-pentanal to 2-methyl-butanal is from 3:1 to 100:1; andii. the ratio of 3-methyl-butanal to 2-methyl-butanal is at least 0.3:1, and comprising at least 20 wt % 3-methyl-butanal.27. A Calcohol mixture consisting essentially of normal and mono-methyl branched alcohols and comprising n-pentanol claim 24 , 2-methyl-butanol and 3-methyl-butanol whereini. n-pentanol and 2-methyl-butanol are present in a ratio from 3:1 to 100:1; andii. 3-methyl-butanol and 2-methyl-butanol are present in a ratio of at least 0.3:1, and comprising from 50 wt % to 75 wt % of n-pentanol.28. An ester of an alcohol mixture according to .29. An ester of an alcohol mixture according to comprising a diester.30. An ester of an alcohol mixture according to comprising a phthalate ester.31. A Cacid mixture consisting essentially of normal and mono-methyl branched acids and comprising n-pentanoic acid claim 27 , 2-methyl-butanoic acid and 3-methyl-butanoic acid whereini. n-pentanoic acid and 2-methyl-butanoic acid are present in a ratio from 3:1 to 100:1; andii. 3-methyl-butanoic acid and 2-methyl-butanoic ...

A Process For Regenerating An Adsorbent For Nitrogen-Containing Compounds Present In A Hydrocarbon Feed

A process for regenerating an adsorbent for nitrogen-containing compounds present in a hydrocarbon feed comprising contacting the adsorbent with an inert gas at a temperature in the range of from 10 to 60° C., followed by contacting the adsorbent with an inert gas at an elevated temperature in the range of from 200 to 260° C. and cooling the adsorbent in an inert gas. 1. A process for regenerating an adsorbent for nitrogen-containing compounds present in a hydrocarbon feed comprising the steps ofa) contacting the adsorbent with a stream comprising an inert gas at a temperature in the range of from 10 to 60° C.;b) followed by contacting the adsorbent with a stream comprising an inert gas at an elevated temperature in the range of from 200 to 260° C.;c) followed by cooling the adsorbent in an inert gas.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the inert gas is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen claim 1 , saturated hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the stream used in steps (a) claim 1 , and (b) comprises at least 96 wt % claim 1 , preferably at least 98 wt % claim 1 , more preferably at least 99 wt % of at least one inert gas claim 1 , preferably nitrogen.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the stream used in steps (a) and (b) comprises at least one inert gas claim 1 , typically nitrogen claim 1 , and water claim 1 , said process optionally further comprising contacting the adsorbent from step (b) with an inert gas at a temperature in the range of from 200 to 250° C. in order to remove water from the adsorbent before cooling according to step (c).5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the steam used in steps (a) and (b) comprises at least 99.5 wt % nitrogen gas and the nitrogen gas resulting from the regeneration may be washed with a hydrocarbon having a low vapor pressure claim 1 , in particular with a hydrocarbon having 8 to 13 carbon atoms or mixture thereof.6. The process according to claim 1 , ...

Process for Nitrile Removal from Hydrocarbon Feeds

A process is described, such process comprising i) contacting a hydrocarbon feed with a heterogeneous catalyst under conditions suitable to hydrolyze nitriles present in the feed to form a nitrile hydrolysis product comprising ammonia, carboxylic acid and carboxylate salts or a mixture thereof; and ii) removing the nitrile hydrolysis product from the feed. In an embodiment, the hydrocarbon feed comprises olefins and is intended for use in an olefin oligomerization process.

METHANOL CONVERSION PROCESS

A methanol conversion process comprises contacting a feedstream comprising methanol, optionally with dimethyl ether or other oxygenates with a catalyst comprising a physical mixture of a molecular sieve, preferably an intermediate or small pore size zeolite such as an MFI zeolite, with a basic metal oxide to provide extended catalyst cycle life by reducing the incidence of coke formation. The process may be applied to the methanol-to-gasoline (MTG), methanol to distillate (MOD), methanol-to-olefins (MTO), methanol-to-chemicals (MTC) and combination processes such as the MTO/OCP Process. 1. A methanol conversion process which comprises contacting a feedstream comprising methanol under methanol conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising a physical mixture of molecular sieve with a basic metal oxide to form a hydrocarbon product.2. A process according to in which the molecular sieve comprises an intermediate pore size zeolite selected from an MFI or MEL zeolite.3. A process according to in which the intermediate pore size zeolite is ZSM-5 or ZSM-114. A process according to in which the molecular sieve comprises a small pore size zeolite.5. A process according to in which the molecular sieve comprises chabazite.6. A process according to in which the basic metal oxide is an oxide of a metal of the lanthanide series.7. A process according to in which the basic metal oxide is an oxide of magnesium claim 1 , calcium claim 1 , cerium or scandium.8. A process according to in which the basic metal oxide is yttrium oxide.9. A process according to in which the molecular sieve comprises an intermediate pore zeolite selected from HZSM-5 or HZSM-11 and the basic metal oxide is yttrium oxide.10. A process according to in which the molecular sieve comprises an intermediate pore zeolite in a weight ratio of the intermediate pore size zeolite to the basic metal oxide from 50:50 to 90:10.11. A process according to in which the weight ratio of the intermediate pore size zeolite to ...

Process For The Removal Of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds From A Hydrocarbon Feed

Process for the removal of nitrogen-containing compounds from a hydrocarbon feed comprising at least one olefin selected from the C3, C4, C5 and optionally C6 olefins and mixtures thereof comprising solvent extraction comprising monitoring the degradation of the solvent. 1. A Process for the removal of nitrogen-containing compounds from a hydrocarbon feed comprising at least one olefin selected from the C3 , C4 , C5 and optionally C6 olefins and mixtures thereof comprising the steps of:a) contacting the hydrocarbon feed with an extracting solvent containing propylene carbonate to obtain a hydrocarbon phase of reduced nitrogen-containing compounds content and a solvent phase containing dissolved nitrogen-containing compounds;b) separating the hydrocarbon phase of reduced nitrogen-containing compounds content from a solvent phase containing dissolved nitrogen-containing compounds;c) subjecting the hydrocarbon phase from step (b) to a distillation step to separate a heavy phase containing the solvent and optionally heavy hydrocarbon compounds from a light hydrocarbon fraction containing the C3, C4 and C5 olefins;d) optionally subjecting the light fraction to further processing; ande) subjecting the solvent phase from step (b), optionally with the heavy phase from step (c), to a regeneration step; andf) recycling the regenerated solvent back to step (a), keeping the content of the propylene carbonate present in recycled solvent above 94% by weight relative to the solvent as measured by gas chromatography;', 'keeping the Total Acid Number (TAN) of the recycled solvent measured according to ISO 1843/2 below 0.1 mg KOH/g', 'keeping the distribution coefficient of the nitrogen-containing compounds between the recycled solvent and the hydrocarbon feed above 50% of the value measured with fresh solvent;', 'keeping the settling time of the recycled solvent in the hydrocarbon feed below 200% of the settling time of the raw propylene carbonate; or', 'maintaining the surface ...

PERSONAL RADIO-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION EXPOSIMETRY

A method and system for determining a whole-body averaged specific absorption ratio (SAR) in a person comprises positioning an exposimeter on the person's body and providing a chamber forming an electromagnetic (EM) cavity and comprising a radiofrequency emitter and receiver; determining a first reverberation time of decay of EM power and a free-space incident power density in the chamber when the person is absent, and determining, a second reverberation time of decay of EM power in the chamber and a reference received power, received by the exposimeter, when the person is present in the chamber; and determining an absorption cross section of the person taking the first and second reverberation time and a volume of the chamber into account, determining a calibration factor relating a received power on the exposimeter to the SAR, measuring a received power using the exposimeter, and determining the SARby applying the calibration factor. 1. A method for determining a whole-body averaged specific absorption ratio of absorbed radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation in a person , the method comprising:positioning an exposimeter comprising at least one radiofrequency antenna on the body of said person,providing a chamber forming an electromagnetic cavity, said chamber comprising at least one radiofrequency emitter and at least one radiofrequency receiver,determining a first reverberation time representative of a first decay of electromagnetic power and a free-space incident power density in said chamber when said person is absent from said chamber, said determination being performed by a processor receiving said electromagnetic power as function of time and/or frequency, said electromagnetic power being detected and transmitted as a first signal to the processor by said radiofrequency receiver in response to a first radiofrequency emission of said radiofrequency emitter when said person is absent from said chamber,determining, using said processor, a second ...

Personal radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation exposimetry

A method and system for determining a whole-body averaged specific absorption ratio (SAR wb ) in a person comprises positioning an exposimeter on the person's body and providing a chamber forming an electromagnetic (EM) cavity and comprising a radiofrequency emitter and receiver; determining a first reverberation time of decay of EM power and a free-space incident power density in the chamber when the person is absent, and determining, a second reverberation time of decay of EM power in the chamber and a reference received power, received by the exposimeter, when the person is present in the chamber; and determining an absorption cross section of the person taking the first and second reverberation time and a volume of the chamber into account, determining a calibration factor relating a received power on the exposimeter to the SAR wb , measuring a received power using the exposimeter, and determining the SAR wb by applying the calibration factor.

Integrated Nitrile Poison Adsorption and Desorption System

In a feed clean-up process at least two adsorbents ( 2, 4 ) are installed in front of an oligomerization reactor ( 3 ). Olefin feed is sent over one adsorbent ( 2 ) and the nitrile poisons are adsorbed so that clean feed will enter the reactor ( 3 ). Before the adsorbent ( 2 ) will be saturated, the feed ( 1 ) is sent to the other, fresh adsorbent ( 4 ). At the same time oligomerization product from the reactor ( 3 ) is used to desorb nitriles from the spent adsorbent ( 2 ).

Upgrading Hydrocarbon Pyrolysis Products

The invention relates to a utility fluid, such as a fluid containing aromatic and non-aromatic ringed molecules, useful as a diluent when hydroprocessing pyrolysis tar, such as steam cracker tar. The specified utility fluid comprises ≧10.0 wt % aromatic and non-aromatic ring compounds and each of the following: (a) ≧1.0 wt % of 1.0 ring class compounds; (b) ≧5.0 wt % of 1.5 ring class compounds; (c) ≧5.0 wt % of 2.0 ring class compounds; and (d) ≦0.1 wt % of 5.0 ring class compounds. The invention also relates to methods for producing such a utility fluid and to processes for hydroprocessing pyrolysis tar. 2. The utility fluid of claim 1 , wherein the ring class is determined by two-dimensional gas chromatography.3. The utility fluid of claim 1 , the utility fluid comprising ≧60.0 wt % aromatic and non-aromatic ring compounds.4. The utility fluid of claim 1 , wherein the utility fluid has a solubility blending number≧90.5. The utility fluid of claim 1 , wherein the utility fluid has a solubility blending number≧100.6. The utility fluid of claim 1 , wherein the utility fluid contains ≦10.0 wt % vinyl aromatics.7. The utility fluid of claim 1 , wherein the utility fluid contains ≦1.0 wt % vinyl aromatics.8. The utility fluid of claim 1 , wherein the utility fluid comprises ≦20.0 wt % of 1.0 ring class compounds.9. A pyrolysis tar hydroprocessing process comprising:(a) providing a first mixture comprising ≧10.0 wt % hydrocarbon;{'sub': '2', '(b) pyrolysing the first mixture to produce a second mixture comprising ≧1.0 wt % of Cunsaturates;'}(c) separating a tar stream from the second mixture, wherein the tar stream includes ≧90 wt % of the second mixture's molecules having an atmospheric boiling point of ≧290° C.;(d) providing a primer fluid, the primer fluid comprising aromatic and non-aromatic ring compounds and having an ASTM D86 10% distillation point ≧60.0° C. and a 90% distillation point ≦350.0° C.;(e) hydroprocessing the tar stream by contacting the tar stream ...

Upgrading Pyrolysis Tar

The invention relates to pyrolysis tar upgrading processes, and in particular for decreasing reactor pressure drop when the upgrading includes converting pyrolysis tar in a reactor. The invention also relates to upgraded pyrolysis tar, and the use of upgraded pyrolysis tar, e.g., as a fuel oil blending component. 1. A process for hydroprocessing pyrolysis tar that mitigates fouling induced reactor pressure drop , the process comprising:(a) hydroprocessing a feed comprising pyrolysis tar and a utility fluid in a hydroprocessing reactor, wherein the utility fluid comprises ≧90.0 wt. % of aromatics and 10.0 wt. % of paraffin; and(b) periodically decreasing the weight ratio of the pyrolysis tar to the utility fluid in the feed.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein step b is conducted at substantially the same temperature and pressure utilized in step a.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein step b is performed each time the pressure drop exceeds 3.4 bar(g).4. A pyrolysis tar upgrading process claim 1 , the process comprising: (i) a reactor zone, the reactor zone containing catalyst;', '(ii) a utility fluid, the utility fluid comprising ≧90.0 wt. % of aromatics and ≦10.0 wt. % of paraffin;', '(iii) a pyrolysis tar;', (A) the activating fluid comprises carrier fluid and ≧5.0 wt. % of at least one activator,', '(B) the carrier fluid comprises ≧90.0 wt. % of paraffin and ≦10.0 wt. % of aromatics, and, '(iv) an activating fluid, wherein'}, '(v) a treat gas, wherein the treat gas comprises ≧50.0 vol. % of molecular hydrogen;, '(a) providing at least'}{'sup': 3', '3, '(b) contacting the treat gas and the activating fluid with the catalyst in the reactor zone under catalyst activation conditions, the catalyst activation conditions including an LHSV ≧0.01 mof activating fluid per mof the catalyst;'}{'sup': 3', '3', '3', '3, '(c) decreasing the activating fluid LHSV to ≦0.01 mof activating fluid per mof the catalyst and then contacting the utility fluid with the catalyst in the ...

Protecting catalytic activity of a sapo molecular sieve.

THIS INVENTION IS DIRECTED TO A METHOD OF MAKING AN OLEFIN PRODUCT FROM AN OXYGENATE FEEDSTOCK AND A METHOD OF PROTECTING CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF A SILICOALUMINOPHOSPHATE MOLECULAR SIEVE. THE METHODS COMPRISE PROVIDING A SILICOALUMINOPHOSPHATE MOLECULAR SIEVE HAVING CATALYTIC SITES WITHIN THE MOLECULAR SIEVE AND CONTACTING THE SIEVE WITH AN OXYGENATE FEEDSTOCK UNDER CONDITIONS EFFECTIVE TO PRODUCE AN OLEFIN PRODUCT, WHEREIN THE SILICOALUMINOPHOSPHATE MOLECULAR SIEVE CONTACTING THE OXYGENATE FEEDSTOCK HAS A METHANOL UPTAKE INDEX OF AT LEAST 0.15.

Katalytisk omdannelse av oksygenater til olefiner

Hydrocarbon treatment

The average degree of branching of a branched olefin feedstock is reduced by skeletal isomerization in contact with a molecular sieve.

Olefin oligomerization

This invention is to a method of oligomerizing an olefin feed stream. The olefin feed stream contains at least one C 2 to C 12 olefin to obtain an olefin feed stream and has less than 1,000 ppm by weight oxygenated hydrocarbon. The olefin is oligomerized by contacting with an acid based oligomerization catalyst.

Oligomerization and catalysts therefor

PCT No. PCT/EP95/00667 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 22, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 22, 1996 PCT Filed Feb. 22, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO95/22516 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 24, 1995Oligomerization degree of olefins may be controlled by employing mixed molecular sieve catalysts. Propene may be trimerized to nonene using ZSM-5 and ZSM-22, especially in an extrudate admixture.

Stabilisation of acid catalysts

THE INVENTION IS DIRECTED TO A METHOD OF STABILIZING METALLOALUMINOPHOSPHATE MOLECULAR SIEVE AND CATALYST DERIVED THEREFROM. IN PARTICULAR, THE INVENTION IS DIRECTED TO A METHOD OF TREATING SUCH MOLECULAR SIEVES WITH CHEMISORBED AMMONIA, WHICH MAY BE EASILY DESORBED BEFORE OR DURING USE AND AFTER STORAGE. THE INENTION IS ALSO DIRECTED TO FORMULATING THE MOLECULAR SIEVE INTO A CATALYST USEFUL IN A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING OLEFIN(S), PREFERABLY EHTYLENE AND/OR PROPYLENE, FROM A FEEDSTOCK , PREFERABLY AN OXYGENATE CONTAINING FEEDSTOCK.

Synthesis of molecular sieve catalysts

Disclosed is a molecular sieve catalyst which contains molecular sieve-containing attrition particles and virgin molecular sieve, the attribution particles having been recycled from a catalyst manufacture process or from a reaction system. The catalyst can be used in a variety of catalytic reaction processes. A desired process is making olefins from an oxygenate feedstock. The recovery and use of the attrition particles in the catalyst is beneficial in minimizing waste, thereby reducing problems relating to both environmetal and economic constraints.

Protecting catalytic activity of a sapo molecular sieve

This invention is directed to a method of making an olefin product from an oxygenate feedstock and a method of protecting catalytic activity of a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve. The methods comprise providing a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve having catalytic sites within the molecular sieve and contacting the sieve with an oxygenate feedstock under conditions effective to produce an olefin product, wherein the silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve contacting the oxygenate feedstock has a methanol uptake index of at least 0.15.

Heat treating a molecular sieve and catalyst

Disclosed is a method of heat treating a molecular sieve. The method comprises providing a template-containing molecular sieve, heating the molecular sieve under conditions effective to remove a portion of the template from the molecular sieve, and cooling the heated molecular sieve to leave an amount of template effective to cover catalytic sites within the molecular sieve. A catalyst composition is also provided which comprises a molecular sieve having a microporous structure and a binder, wherein between 10 and 90 vol % of the microporous structure is occupied by a material, the material comprising a template or a carbonaceous residue of a template, and the catalyst composition exhibits a Davison Index of not greater than 30.

Stripping hydrocarbon in an oxygenate conversion process

A process for method for the production of olefin product from an oxygenate-containing feedstock includes exposing a silicoaluminophosphate catalyst to an oxygenate-containing feedstock in a reaction zone under conditions effective to convert the oxygenate-containing feedstock to an olefin product, by stripping at least a portion of the exposed catalyst with a stripping gas; and returning at least a portion of the stripped catalyst directly to the reaction zone.

Two catalyst process for making olefin

This invention is to a process of making olefin, particularly ethylene and propylene, from an oxygenate feed. The invention uses two or more zeolite catalysts. Examples of zeolite catalysts include a first catalyst containing of ZSM-5, and a second catalyst containing a 10-ring molecular sieve, including but not limited to, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM35, ZSM-48, and mixtures thereof. The ZSM-5 can be unmodified, phosphorous modified, steam modified having a micropore volume reduced to not less than 50% of that of the unsteamed ZSM-5, or various mixtures thereof.

Protecting catalytic activity of a SAPO molecular sieve

This invention is directed to a method of making an olefin product from an oxygenate feedstock and a method of protecting catalytic activity of a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve. The methods comprise providing a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve having catalytic sites within the molecular sieve; shielding the catalytic sites to protect from loss of catalytic activity; and contacting the protected sieve in its activated state with an oxygenate feedstock under conditions effective to produce an olefin product before undesirable loss of catalytic activity. Undesirable loss in catalytic activity occurs when activated molecular sieve contacting the oxygenate feedstock has a methanol uptake index of at least 0.15.

Protecting catalytic activity of a SAPO molecular sieve

This invention is directed to a method of making an olefin product from an oxygenate feedstock and a method of protecting catalytic activity of a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve. The methods comprise providing a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve having catalytic sites within the molecular sieve; shielding the catalytic sites to protect from loss of catalytic activity; and contacting the protected sieve in its activated state with an oxygenate feedstock under conditions effective to produce an olefin product before undesirable loss of catalytic activity. Undesirable loss in catalytic activity occurs when activated molecular sieve contacting the oxygenate feedstock has a methanol uptake index of at least 0.15.

Protecting catalytic activity of a SAPO molecular sieve

This invention is directed to a method of making an olefin product from an oxygenate feedstock and a method of protecting catalytic activity of a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve. The methods comprise providing a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve having catalytic sites within the molecular sieve; shielding the catalytic sites to protect from loss of catalytic activity; and contacting the protected sieve in its activated state with an oxygenate feedstock under conditions effective to produce an olefin product before undesirable loss of catalytic activity. Undesirable loss in catalytic activity occurs when activated molecular sieve contacting the oxygenate feedstock has a methanol uptake index of at least 0.15.

Heat treating a molecular sieve and catalyst

Disclosed is a method of heat treating a molecular sieve. The method comprises providing a template-containing molecular sieve, heating the molecular sieve under conditions effective to remove a portion of the template from the molecular sieve, and cooling the heated molecular sieve to leave an amount of template effective to cover catalytic sites within the molecular sieve. A catalyst composition is also provided which comprises a molecular sieve having a microporous structure and a binder, wherein between 10 and 90 vol % of the microporous structure is occupied by a material, the material comprising a template or a carbonaceous residue of a template, and the catalyst composition exhibits a Davison Index of not greater than 30.

Two catalyst process for making olefin

This invention is to a process of making olefin, particularly ethylene and propylene, from an oxygenate feed. The invention uses two or more zeolite catalysts. Examples of zeolite catalysts include a first catalyst containing of ZSM-5, and a second catalyst containing a 10-ring molecular sieve, including but not limited to, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM35, ZSM-48, and mixtures thereof. The ZSM-5 can be unmodified, phosphorous modified, steam modified having a micropore volume reduced to not less than 50% of that of the unsteamed ZSM-5, or various mixtures thereof.

Sequential catalytic and thermal cracking for enhanced ethylene yield

The invention provides a process for improving the conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock to light olefins comprising the steps of first contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock with a light olefin producing cracking catalyst and subsequently thermally cracking the unseparated stream to produce additional ethylene. Preferably the zeolite catalyst is selected from the group consisting of ferrierite, heulandite, phillipsite, faujasite, chabazite, erionite, mordenite, offretite, gmelinite, analcite, ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-25, gallium silicate zeolite, zeolite Beta, zeolite rho, ZK5, titanosilicate, zeolites having a silica to alumina molar ratio within the range of about 2.0:1 to 2000:1 ferrosilicate; zeolites such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,238,318; borosilicate zeolites such as those described in Belgian Pat. No. 859656; zeolites designated by the Linde Division of Union Carbide by the letters of X, Y, A, L; zeolites such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,552,035; and zeolites such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,348,924. Preferably the catalyst is contacted at a temperature within the range of about 500° C. to about 750° C. and the feedstock flows at a weight hourly space velocity in the range of about 0.1 Hr -1 WHSV to about 100 Hr -1 WHSV. The trim thermal cracking is carried out between 650° C. to 900° C. for 0.1 to 20 seconds.

Molecular sieve catalyst composition, its making and use in conversion processes

This invention provides methods of making molecular sieve catalyst particles, molecular sieve slurries that can be used in such methods, molecular sieve catalyst compositions and their use in catalytic hydrocarbon conversion processes. In one of its aspects, the invention provides a method of making molecular sieve catalyst particles, the method comprising the steps of: a) providing a solution or suspension of an aluminum-containing inorganic oxide precursor in a liquid medium; b) combining the solution or suspension of aluminum-containing inorganic oxide precursor with a molecular sieve, and optionally other formulating agents, to form a catalyst formulation slurry; c) aging the catalyst formulation slurry to generate in said slurry a percentage, or increase in said slurry the existing percentage, of aluminum atoms of the aluminum-containing precursor in the form of oligomers having a sharp 27 Al NMR peak at 62-63 ppm; and d) forming molecular sieve catalyst particles from the catalyst formulation slurry. The catalyst compositions obtained by the methods of the present invention have improved attrition resistance, and are particularly useful in hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Olefin oligomerization

Method of transferring catalyst in a reaction system

The invention is directed to methods of transfering catalyst particles into and within reaction systems. The reaction systems are those that use catalysts that comprise molecular sieves, particularly metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves, especially metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves which are susceptible to loss of catalytic activity due to contact with water molecules. The transfer methods provide appropriate mechanisms for transporting catalyst into and within a reactor to protect against loss of catalytic activity that can occur due to contact with water molecules.

Propylene hydroformylation

Propylene streams obtained by the conversion of oxygenates to olefins are used as feeds for hydroformylation. The streams may contain measurable amounts of dimethyl ether without adversely impacting the hydroformylation.

Propylene hydroformylation

Propylene streams obtained by the conversion of oxygenates to olefins are used as feeds for hydroformylation. The streams may contain measurable amounts of dimethyl ether without adversely impacting the hydroformylation.

Molecular sieve catalyst composition, its making and use in conversion processes

The invention relates to a molecular sieve catalyst composition, to a method of making or forming the molecular sieve catalyst composition, and to a conversion process using the catalyst composition. In particular, the invention is directed to a making a molecular sieve catalyst composition by forming a slurry by combining a molecular sieve, a binder and a matrix material, wherein the slurry has a pH, above or below the isoelectric point of the molecular sieve. The catalyst composition has improved attrition resistance, particularly useful in a conversion process for producing olefin(s), preferably ethylene and/or propylene, from a feedstock, preferabl y an oxygenate containing feedstock.

Attrition resistant molecular sieve catalysts

This invention is directed to a hardened molecular sieve catalyst composition, a method of making the composition and a method of using the composition. The catalyst composition is made by mixing together molecular sieve, liquid, and an effective hardening amount of a dried molecular sieve catalyst to form a slurry. The slurry is dried, and then calcined to form the hardened molecular sieve catalyst composition. The hardened molecular sieve catalyst is highly attrition resistant.

Preparation of molecular sieve catalysts using micro-filtration

A process for making a molecular sieve catalyst, comprising i) preparing a concentrated molecular sieve slurry containing molecular sieve and a fluid b y the process comprising, a) introducing a molecular sieve slurry containing molecular sieve and a fluid into the front end of at least one microfilter channel comprising pores; b) passing the slurry through the microfilter channel and separating the permeate passing through the pores of the microfilter channel to concentrate the slurry; and c) recovering a concentrated molecular sieve slurry from the back end of the microfilter channel; ii) mixing the concentrated molecular sieve slurry with a binder to form a catalyst slurry; iii) directing the catalyst slurry to a forming unit ; iv) recovering catalyst particles. The catalyst is used to make ethylene and propylene from an oxygenate.

Method for improving light olefin selectivity in an oxygenate conversion reaction

A method for converting oxygenates to light olefins. The method comprises contacting, in a reactor, a feedstock comprising oxygenates with a molecular sieve catalyst under conditions effective to convert the feedstock to a product including light olefins and by-products, the contacting causing carbonaceous deposits to form on at least a portion of the molecular sieve catalyst producing deactivated catalyst; removing a portion of the deactivated catalyst from the reactor; regenerating the portion of the deactivated catalyst under conditions effective to remove at least a portion of the carbonaceous deposits from the deactivated catalyst to form an at least partially regenerated catalyst; exposing at least a portion of the at least partially regenerated catalyst to at least a portion of the by-products to selectivate the portion of the at least partially regenerated catalyst to form light olefins; and contacting the selectivated portion of the at least partially regenerated catalyst with the feedstock to form the product.

Alkene oligomerization

In a process for the oligomerization of C2-C12-alkenes, an alkene-containing feedstock having a water content of from 0.05 to 0.25 molar %, based on the hydrocarbon content of the feedstock, is passed over a zeolite catalyst. Improved alkene conversion and catalyst life are obtained compared to processes in which non-hydrated feedstocks are used.

Oligomerization and catalysts therefor

Hydrocarbon conversion to propylene with high silica medium pore zeolite catalysts

The invention provides a method for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock to propylene comprising: contacting an olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock boiling in the naphtha range with a catalyst comprising a zeolitic catalyst selected from the group consisting of medium pore zeolites having a ratio of silica to alumina above 200 and pore diameter less than 0.7 nm under cracking conditions to selectively produce propylene. The preferred catalyst comprises a zeolite having an 8, 10, or 12 membered ring pore structure. The preferred catalysts are selected from the group consisting of zeolites from the families: MFI, MEL, MTW, TON, MTT, FER, MFS, and the zeolites ZSM-21, ZSM-38 and ZSM-48. Preferably the method is carried out to produce propylene with greater than 50 % specificity, more preferably, the propylene to butylene ratio is at least 2:1 or a propylene to ethylene ratio of at least 4:1. The olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock consists essentially of hydrocarbons boiling within the range of 18~ to 220 ~C (65 ~F to 430 ~F). The olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock comprises from about 10 wt.% to about 70 wt.% olefins. Preferably the olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock comprises from about 5 wt.% to about 35 wt.% paraffins. The catalyst is contacted in the range in the range of 400 ~C to 700 ~C, a weight hourly space velocity ("WHSV") of 1 to 1,000 hr-1 and a pressure of 0.1 to 30 atm. absolute.

Production of naphtha and light olefins

Disclosed is a method for treating naphtha. The method comprises providing naphtha feed, and the naphtha feed comprises naphthene ring-containing compounds. The naphtha feed is contacted with a ring opening catalyst containing a Group VIII metal under conditions effective to ring open the naphthene rings to form a ring opened product. The ring open product can then be contacted with a catalytic cracking catalyst under effective cracking conditions to form an olefin product. The olefin product will be particularly high in ethylene and propylene content.

ALKEN OLIGOMERIZATION

ZSM-5 ZEOLITHE

Oxygenate conversion reactions

A method for converting oxygenates to light olefins. The method comprises contacting, in a reactor, a feedstock comprising oxygenates with a molecular sieve catalyst under conditions effective to convert the feedstock to a product including light olefins and by-products, the contacting causing carbonaceous deposits to form on at least a portion of the molecular sieve catalyst producing deactivated catalyst; removing a portion of the deactivated catalyst from the reactor; regenerating the portion of the deactivated catalyst under conditions effective to remove at least a portion of the carbonaceous deposits from the deactivated catalyst to form an at least partially regenerated catalyst; exposing at least a portion of the at least partially regenerated catalyst to at least a portion of the by-products to selectivate the portion of the at least partially regenerated catalyst to form light olefins; and contacting the selectivated portion of the at least partially regenerated catalyst with the feedstock to form the product.

Production of higher olefins

A method of making a higher olefin product from a C4+ fraction separated from the hydrocarbon product produced by an oxygenate to olefin reaction unit. The C4+ fraction primarily contains butenes which may be directed to a higher olefin reaction unit without removing isobutenes, butanes, and/or butadiene. The C4+ fraction is particularly well suited for the production of higher olefins because of its high olefin content, low branching number, and low contaminent levels. The invention is also directed to an olefin product composition that is produced by contacting the C4+ fraction with an oligomerization catalyst. The olefin composition is characterized by a relatively high octene content, and octene with a branching number less than 1.4.

Zsm-22 zeolite

ZSM-22 zeolite which is particularly pure and whose synthesis does not require the synthesis mixture to be stirred can be produced by the addition to the synthesis mixture of a small quantity e.g. 1000 ppm, of preformed ZSM-22 zeolite seed crystals.

Hydrocarbon conversion to propylene

The invention provides a method for converting an olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock to propylene comprising: contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock under catalytic cracking conditions with a catalyst comprising a catalyst selected from the group consisting of SAPO catalysts. MeAPO catalysts, MeASPO catalysts, ELAPO catalysts, ELASPO catalysts, rare earth exchanged catalysts from any of the preceding groups, and mixtures thereof, under cracking conditions to selectively produce propylene. The invention further provides a method for stabilizing a catalyst to steam from the foregoing group by ion exchange with a rare earth metal. A catalyst has enhanced stability as used herein when treated with a rare earth metal or metals in a concentration effective to provide a catalyst which exhibits a higher conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock to propylene than does an equal quantity of an untreated sample of the same catalyst under the same conditions following exposure of each catalyst to steam for a period of at least 10 hours.

A process for regenerating an adsorbent for nitrogen-containing compounds present in a hydrocarbon feed

A process for regenerating an adsorbent for nitrogen-containing compounds present in a hydrocarbon feed comprising contacting the adsorbent with an inert gas at a temperature in the range of from 10 to 60°C, followed by contacting the adsorbent with an inert gas at an elevated temperature in the range of from 200 to 260°C and cooling the adsorbent in an inert gas.

Molecular sieve catalyst composition, its making and use in conversion processes

This invention provides methods of making molecular sieve catalyst particles, molecular sieve slurries that can be used in such methods, molecular sieve catalyst compositions and their use in catalytic hydrocarbon conversion processes. In one of its aspects, the invention provides a method of making molecular sieve catalyst particles, the method comprising the steps of: a) providing a solution or suspension of an aluminum-containing inorganic oxide precursor in a liquid medium; b) combining the solution or suspension of aluminum-containing inorganic oxide precursor with a molecular sieve, and optionally other formulating agents, to form a catalyst formulation slurry; c) aging the catalyst formulation slurry to generate in said slurry a percentage, or increase in said slurry the existing percentage, of aluminum atoms of the aluminum-containing precursor in the form of oligomers having a sharp 27 Al NMR peak at 62-63 ppm; and d) forming molecular sieve catalyst particles from the catalyst formulation slurry. The catalyst compositions obtained by the methods of the present invention have improved attrition resistance, and are particularly useful in hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Molecular sieve catalyst composition, its making and use in conversion processes

The invention relates to a molecular sieve catalyst composition, to a method of making or forming the molecular sieve catalyst composition, and to a conversion process using the catalyst composition. In particular, the invention is directed to making a formulated molecular sieve catalyst composition from a slurry of formulation composition of a synthesized molecular sieve that has not been fully dried, a binder and an optional matrix material. In a more preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the binder to the molecular sieve and/or the solid content of the slurry is controlled to provide an improved attrition resistant catalyst composition, particularly useful in a conversion process for producing olefin(s), preferably ethylene and/or propylene, from a feedstock, preferably an oxygenated containing feedstock.

Improvements in or relating to hydroformylation of butenes

Zeolite catalyst activity enhancement by aluminum phosphate and phosphorus

The present invention provides a process for improving the catalytic activit y of small and medium pore acidic zeolite catalyst which comprises the steps of treating a zeolite with a phosphorus compound to form a phosphorus treated zeolite and combining the phosphorus treated zeolite with A1PO4. Optionally the phosphorus treated zeolite is calcined. The step of combining the zeolite with A1PO4 may optionally be followed by steaming the combined catalyst. Examples of useful phosphonis containing compounds useful in treating the zeolite include phosphoric acid, ammonium mono or dihydrogen phosphate, organic phosphites, and organophosphines. Preferably the phosphorus containing compound is an ammonium acid phosphate. An additional alternate embodiment provides a process for increasing the hydrothermal stability of a zeolite catalyst which comprises first treating a zeolite with a phosphorus containing compound then blending with A1PO4. The catalyst of the invention may be combined with other catalys ts or used alone. The invention may be used in a process for cracking hydrocarbons which comprises contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock with a catalyst prepared as described above.

ZSM-5-zeolite

Zsm-22 zeolite

ZSM-22 zeolite which is particularly pure and whose synthesis does not require the synthesis mixture to be stirred can be produced by the addition to the synthesis mixture of a small quantity e.g. 1000 ppm, of preformed ZSM-22 zeolite seed crystals.

Catalytic conversion of oxygenates to olefins

A method for converting oxygenates to light olefins. The method comprises th e steps of (a) contacting, in a reactor, a feedstock containing one or several oxygenates, with a molecular sieve catalyst under conditions effective to fo rm a product containing one or several light olefins and by-products, said contacting causing carbonaceous deposits to form on at least a portion of sa id molecular sieve catalyst, thereby producing deactivated catalyst; (b) removi ng a portion of said deactivated catalyst from said reactor; (c) regenerating said portion of said deactivated catalyst to remove at least a portion of sa id carbonaceous deposits from said deactivated catalyst removed from said reactor, thereby forming an at least partially regenerated catalyst; and (d) exposing at least a portion of said at least partially regenerated catalyst to by-products obtained at step (a).

Catalysts and their use in oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons

New titanium zeolite Beta catalysts which have been found to be useful as catalysts for the oxidation of organic compounds using organic hydroperoxides as oxidation catalysts. They are particularly useful as ring opening oxidation catalysts and may be used to produce adipic acid from cyctohexane.

Molecular sieve catalyst compositions, its making and use in coversion processes

A catalyst composition that comprises an over flocculated molecular sieve and optionally, a phosphorous compound and, optionally, a non-over flocculated molecular sieve. A method of preparing a catalyst composition that comprises mixing an over flocculated molecular sieve and optionally, a phosphorous compound and, optionally, a non-over flocculated molecular sieve.

Modified metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves

The invention is directed to a method for modifying a microporous metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve, the method comprising the steps of a) introducing a compound containing at least one M-X group within the cages of said microporous molecular sieve; and b) reacting said compound containing at least one M-X group with the acid groups located in the cages of the molecular sieve, wherein the compound containing at least one M-X group is selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula MX 3 , compounds of formula M 2 X 6 , and mixtures thereof, M being a metal belonging to Group 13 of the Periodic Table, and each X independently being a hydrogen or halogen atom. Preferably, X is a hydrogen atom. The present invention also relates to modified metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves, preferably modified silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves, as well as to the use of these modified molecular sieves in catalytic processes, such as processes for the conversion of oxygenated hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Maintaining molecular sieve catalytic activity under water vapor conditions

Heat treating a molecular sieve and catalyst

Disclosed is a method of heat treating a molecular sieve. The method comprises providing a template-containing molecular sieve, heating the molecular sieve under conditions effective to remove a portion of the template from the molecular sieve, and cooling the heated molecular sieve to leave an amount of template effective to cover catalytic sites within the molecular sieve. A catalyst composition is also provided which comprises a molecular sieve having a microporous structure and a binder, wherein between 10 and 90 vol% of the microporous structure is occupied by a material, the material comprising a template or a carbonaceous residue of a template, and the catalyst composition exhibits a Davison Index of not greater than 30.

Production of higher olefins

Controlling the ratio of ethylene to propylene produced in an oxygenate to olefin conversion process

The present invention provides various processes for producing methanol and ethanol, preferably in a mixed alcohol stream. In one embodiment, the invention includes directing syngas to a synthesis zone wherein the syngas contacts a methanol synthesis catalyst and an ethanol synthesis catalyst under conditions effective to form methanol and ethanol. The methanol and ethanol, in a desired ratio, are directed to an oxygenate to olefin reaction system for conversion thereof to ethylene and propylene in a desired ratio. The invention also relates to processes for varying the weight ratio of ethylene to propylene formed in an oxygenate to olefin reaction system.

Molecular Sieve Catalyst and Preparation thereof

Methanol conversion process

A methanol conversion process comprises contacting a feedstream comprising methanol, optionally with dimethyl ether or other oxygenates with a catalyst comprising a physical mixture of a molecular sieve, preferably an intermediate or small pore size zeolite such as an MFI zeolite, with a basic metal oxide to provide extended catalyst cycle life by reducing the incidence of coke formation. The process may be applied to the methanol-to-gasoline (MTG), methanol to distillate (MOD), methanol-to-olefins (MTQ), methanol-to-chemicals (MTC) and combination processes such as the MTO/OCP Process.

Hydrocarbon conversion to propylene with high silica medium pore zeolite catalysts

The invention provides a method for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock to propylene comprising: contacting an olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock boiling in the naphtha range with a catalyst comprising a zeolitic catalyst selected from the group consisting of medium pore zeolites having a ratio of silica to alumina above 200 and pore diameter less than 0.7 nm under cracking conditions to selectively produce propylene. The preferred catalyst comprises a zeolite having an 8, 10, or 12 membered ring pore structure. The preferred catalysts are selected from the group consisting of zeolites from the families: MFI, MEL, MTW, TON, MTT, FER, MFS, and the zeolites ZSM-21, ZSM-38 and ZSM-48. Preferably the method is carried out to produce propylene with greater than 50 % specificity, more preferably, the propylene to butylene ratio is at least 2:1 or a propylene to ethylene ratio of at least 4:1. The olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock consists essentially of hydrocarbons boiling within the range of 18° to 220 °C (65 °F to 430 °F). The olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock comprises from about 10 wt.% to about 70 wt.% olefins. Preferably the olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock comprises from about 5 wt.% to about 35 wt.% paraffins. The catalyst is contacted in the range in the range of 400 °C to 700 °C, a weight hourly space velocity ('WHSV') of 1 to 1,000 hr-1 and a pressure of 0.1 to 30 atm. absolute.

Stabilization of acid catalysts

The invention is directed to a method of stabilizing metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves and catalysts derived therefrom. In particular, the invention is directed to a method of treating such molecular sieves with chemisorbed ammonia, which may be easily desorbed before or during use and after storage. The invention is also directed to formulating the molecular sieve into a catalyst useful in a process for producing olefin(s), preferably ethylene and/or propylene, from a feedstock, preferably an oxygenate containing feedstock.

Production of naphtha and light olefins

METHOD FOR PRODUCING A ZEOLITH

Stabilisation of acid catalysts

Oligomerization and catalysts therefor

Oligomerization degree of olefins may be controlled by employing mixed molecular sieve catalysts.

Methanol and fuel alcohol production for an oxygenate to olefin reaction system

The present invention provides various processes for producing C1 to C4 alcohols, optionally in a mixed alcohol stream, and optionally converting the alcohols to light olefins. In one embodiment, the invention includes directing a first portion of a syngas stream to a methanol synthesis zone wherein methanol is synthesized. A second portion of the syngas stream is directed to a fuel alcohol synthesis zone wherein fuel alcohol is synthesized. The methanol and at least a portion of the fuel alcohol are directed to an oxygenate to olefin reaction system for conversion thereof to ethylene and propylene.

Preparation of olefin dimers and oligomers

Catalysts and their use in oxidation of satured hydrocarbons

New titanium zeolite Beta catalysts which have been found to be useful as catalysts for the oxidation of organic compounds using organic hydroperoxides as oxidation catalysts. They are particularly useful as ring opening oxidation catalysts and may be used to produce adipic acid from cyclohexane.

Synthesis of molecular sieve catalysts.

Zeolite catalyst and catalysed reactions

An organophosphine-treated titanium-containing zeolite is a catalyst for hydrocarbon oxidation.

Process for the manufacture of a zeolite

In the manufacture of a substituted Beta zeolite, a high ethene pressure, is used advantageously accompanied by synthesis gel ageing and low aluminium content.

Method of protecting sapo molecular sieve from loss of catalytic activity

Disclosed is a method of protecting the loss of catalytic activity of metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve, particularly a SAPO molecular sieve, from contact with moisture. The method involves heating the metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve so as to remove template, and provide a molecular sieve in sufficiently dry form for storage.

Olefin oligomerization

This invention is to a method of oligomerizing an olefin feed stream. The olefin feed stream contains at least one C2 to C12 olefin to obtain an olefin feed stream and has less than 1,000 ppm by weight oxygenated hydrocarbon. The olefin is oligomerized by contacting with an acid based oligomerization catalyst.

Maintaining molecular sieve catalytic activity under water vapor conditions

The invention is directed to methods for protecting metalloalumino­phosphate molecular sieves, particularly silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) molecular sieves, from loss of catalytic activity due to contact with a gas containing water. The methods of the invention provide procedures that enable activated sieve to contact water vapor, within a certain range of time, temperature, and water partial pressure conditions, before the sieve becomes substantially deactivated.

Synthesis of molecular sieve catalysts

Method of transferring catalyst in a reaction system

PROTECTION OF THE CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF A SAPO MOLECULAR LOVE

Method of protecting sapo molecular sieve from loss of catalytic activity

Disclosed is a method of protecting the loss of catalytic activity of metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve, particularly a SAPO molecular sieve, from contact with moisture. The method involves heating the metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve so as to remove template, and provide a molecular sieve in sufficiently dry form for storage.

OLIGOMERIZATION AND CATALYST DAFUER

Zeolite catalyst and catalysed reactions

An organophosphine-treated titanium-containing zeolite is a catalyst for hydrocarbon oxidation.

Preparation of naphtha and light olefins

Molecular sieve catalyst composition, its production and use in conversion processes

The invention relates to a molecular sieve catalyst composition, to a method of making or forming the molecular sieve catalyst composition, and to a conversion process using the catalyst composition. In particular, the invention is directed to a catalyst composition comprising a molecular sieve having a framework including at least [AlO 4 ] and [PO 4 ] tetrahedral units, at least one of a binder and a matrix material and at least one phosphorus compound separate from said molecular sieve wherein, after calcination at 760° C. for 3 hours, said catalyst composition has a microporous surface area in excess of 20% of the microporous surface area of said molecular sieve after calcination at 650° C. in nitrogen for 2 hours. The catalyst composition is particularly useful in a conversion process for producing olefin(s), preferably ethylene and/or propylene, from a feedstock, preferably an oxygenate containing feedstock.

Molecular sieve catalyst composition, its making and use in conversion processes

This invention provides methods of making molecular sieve catalyst particles, molecular sieve slurries that can be used in such methods, molecular sieve catalyst compositions and their use in catalytic hydrocarbon conversion processes. In one of its aspects, the invention provides a method of making molecular sieve catalyst particles, the method comprising the steps of: a) providing a solution or suspension of an aluminum-containing inorganic oxide precursor in a liquid medium; b) combining the solution or suspension of aluminum-containing inorganic oxide precursor with a molecular sieve, and optionally other formulating agents, to form a catalyst formulation slurry; c) aging the catalyst formulation slurry to generate in said slurry a percentage, or increase in said slurry the existing percentage, of aluminum atoms of the aluminum-containing precursor in the form of oligomers having a sharp 27 Al NMR peak at 62-63 ppm; and d) forming molecular sieve catalyst particles from the catalyst formulation slurry. The catalyst compositions obtained by the methods of the present invention have improved attrition resistance, and are particularly useful in hydrocarbon conversion processes.