PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PAPER AND CARDBOARD.

OPTICAL POSITION MEASURING INSTRUMENT

ANTIFOAMING AGENT AND/OR BREATHER ON THE BASIS OF OIL IN WATER DISPERSIONS

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON PAPIER UND KARTON.

PRODUCTION OF PAPER AND CARDBOARD

PRODUCTION OF PAPER AND CARDBOARD

Oil-in-water dispersion, useful as a defoaming agent, has an oil phase containing an amide compound having at least one reactive group comprising an alcoholic OH-group and amine NH- or NH2 groups.

The invention relates to novel oil-in-water dispersions containing: a) at least one oxygen-containing organic substance, which is insoluble in water and solid at room temperature, and; b) at least one amide compound of general formula (I), wherein the variables R, R<1>, R<2>, A, B, X and Z have the meanings as cited in the description and in the claims. The invention also relates to the use of the inventive dispersions as a defoaming agent and/or deaerating agent in aqueous systems that tend to foam.

DEFOAMING AGENT AND/OR DEAERATOR FOR AQUEOUS MEDIA TENDING TO FOAM

PRODUCTION OF PAPER AND CARDBOARD

Paper and cardboard are produced by draining a paper stock by a method in which a stock having a consistency of from 2 5 to 5% by weight is used as a starting material, and a) from 0.1 to 2% by weight of an activated bentonite are added and the stock consistency is then brought to 0.3 - 2% by weight by dilution with water, after which b) from 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of a cationic polyelectrolyte having a charge density of not less than 4 meq/g of polyelectrolyte is added and distributed therein, and, after thorough mixing c) from 0.003 to 0.3% by weight of a high molecular weight polymer based on acrylamide or methacrylamide is metered in and mixed with the paper stock, the percentages in each case being based on dry paper stock, and the resulting pulp is drained on a wire. The paper obtained is distinguished in particular by good printing properties in the offset printing process.

Optische Positionsmesseinrichtung

Es wird eine optische Positionsmesseinrichtung angegeben, die aus einer inkrementalen Messteilung und einer relativ dazu in mindestens einer Messrichtung beweglichen Abtasteinheit besteht. Mittels der Abtasteinheit sind aus der Abtastung der Messteilung positionsabhängige Inkrementalsignale erzeugbar. Die Abtasteinheit umfasst ein transparentes Trägersubstrat, auf dem mindestens zwei in Messrichtung angeordnete Inkrementalsignal-Abtastanordnungen angeordnet sind. Diese besitzen jeweils eine Lichtquelle und mehrere um die Lichtquelle verteilt angeordnete Inkrementalsignal-Detektorelemente, über die Teil-Inkrementalsignale aus der Abtastung der Messteilung erzeugbar sind. Die mindestens zwei Inkrementalsignal-Abtastanordnungen sind auf der der Messteilung abgewandten Seite des Trägersubstrates angeordnet. Ferner sind mehrere Felder mit Abtastgittern vorgesehen, die jeweils den Inkrementalsignal-Detektorelementen räumlich zugeordnet und zwischen den Inkrementalsignal-Abtastanordnungen und ...

Scanning device for scanning a scale graduation, and position measuring system utilizing the same

A scanning device for scanning a scale graduation for detecting relative movements of the scanning device with respect to the scale graduation. The scanning device includes a first primary sensor field and a second primary sensor field used for detecting relative movements along a first spatial direction. A first secondary sensor field and a second secondary sensor field for detecting relative movements along a second spatial direction, which is linearly independent of the first spatial direction. The first primary sensor field, the second primary sensor field, the first secondary sensor field and the second secondary sensor field are arranged point-symmetrically in relation to a mid-point in a plane.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON PAPIER UND KARTON

Abtasteinrichtung zur Abtastung einer Maßverkörperung

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Abtasteinrichtung zur Abtastung einer Maßverkörperung, um Relativbewegungen der Abtasteinrichtung bezüglich der Maßverkörperung zu erfassen, mit mehreren Sensorfeldern, wobei ein erstes Sensorfeld zur Erfassung von Relativbewegungen entlang einer ersten Raumrichtung und ein zweites Sensorfeld zur Erfassung von Relativbewegungen entlang einer zweiten, hiervon linear unabhängigen Raumrichtung dient. Erfindungsgemäß ist dem ersten und dem zweiten Sensorfeld (11, 21) jeweils ein zusätzliches erstes bzw. zweites Sensorfeld (12, 22) zugeordnet, das jeweils Relativbewegungen entlang derselben Raumrichtung (x, y) erfasst, wobei diese vier Sensorfelder (11, 12; 21, 22) in einer Ebene punktsymmetrisch bezüglich eines Mittelpunktes (M) angeordnet sind.

OPTISCHE POSITIONSMESSEINRICHTUNG

ENTSCHÄUMER UND/ODER ENTLÜFTER AUF DER BASIS VON ÖL-IN-WASSER-DISPERSIONEN

Defoaming agent and/or deaerator for aqueous media tending to foam

A defoaming agent and/or deaerator for aqueous foamable media based on oil-in-water dispersions. The oil phase contains at least one compound from fatty alcohols, fatty acid monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides, fatty acid ester of fatty acids and monovalent to trivalent alcohols, 3-thiaalkane-1-ole, 3-thiaoxide alkane-1-ole, 3-thiadioxide-alkane-ole, and thiaalkane esters in combination with (i) at least one polyglycerine that is obtained by esterification of at least 20 percent of polyglycerine with 12 to 36 C carboxylic acid, and (ii) at least one bisamide consisting of ethylene diamine and 10 to 36 C atom carboxylic acids, while the aqueous phase thereof contains at least one stabilizer, water, and an optional thickener, for aqueous media that tend to foam. Also disclosed are methods of controlling foam by adding the dispersions to a process, particularly during cellulose boiling, cellulose washing, grinding of paper pulp, paper production, and dispersion of pigments used ...

ENTSCHÄUMER UND/ODER ENTLÜFTER FÜR WÄSSRIGE, ZUR SCHAUMBILDUNG NEIGENDE MEDIEN

Abtasteinrichtung zur Abtastung einer Maßverkörperung

Abtasteinrichtung zur Abtastung einer Maßverkörperung, um Relativbewegungen der Abtasteinrichtung bezüglich der Maßverkörperung zu erfassen, mit mehreren Sensorfeldern, wobei ein erstes Sensorfeld (11) zur Erfassung von Relativbewegungen entlang einer ersten Raumrichtung (x) und ein zweites Sensorfeld (12) zur Erfassung von Relativbewegungen entlang einer zweiten, von der ersten Raumrichtung linear unabhängigen Raumrichtung (y) dient, wobei dem ersten Sensorfeld (11) ein zusätzliches erstes Sensorfeld (12) und dem zweiten Sensorfeld (21) ein zusätzliches zweites Sensorfeld (22) zugeordnet ist, das jeweils Relativbewegungen entlang derselben Raumrichtung (x bzw. y) erfasst, und dass die vier Sensorfelder (11, 12; 21, 22) in einer Ebene punktsymmetrisch bezüglich eines Mittelpunktes (M) angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein drittes Sensorfeld (31) zur Erfassung relativer Drehbewegungen der Abtasteinrichtung bezüglich der Maßverkörperung (4) dient, wobei dem dritten Sensorfeld (31) ein zusätzliches drittes Sensorfeld (32) zugeordnet ist, das der Erfassung derselben relativen Drehbewegungen dient, und dass den ersten, zweiten und dritten Sensorfeldern (11, 12; 21, 22 31, 32) jeweils ein Sensormodul (15, 25, 35) zur Abtastung einer Referenzmarke (41, 42) zugeordnet ist, wobei die ersten, zweiten und dritten Sensorfelder (11, 12; 21, 22; 31, 32) und das jeweils zugeordnete Sensormodul (15, 25, 35) jeweils auf einer Geraden (g1, g2, g3) angeordnet sind. Scanning device for scanning a measuring standard in order to detect relative movements of the scanning device with respect to the measuring standard, with several sensor fields, a first sensor field (11) for detecting relative movements along a first spatial direction (x) and a second sensor field (12) for detecting relative movements along a second spatial direction (y) which is linearly independent of the first spatial direction, with the first sensor field (11) being assigned an additional first sensor field ...

Entschäumer und/oder Entlüfter für wässrige, zur Schaumbildung neigende Medien

Entschäumer und/oder Entlüfter auf der Basis von Öl-in-Wasser-Dispersionen, deren Ölphase mindestens eine Verbindung aus der Gruppe der Alkohole mit mindestens 12 C-Atomen, alkoxylierte Fettalkohole, Mono-, Di- und Triglyceride von Fettsäuren, Fettsäureester aus Carbonsäuren mit mindestens 12 C-Atomen und ein- bis dreiwertigen Alkoholen mit 3 bis 33 C-Atomen, Kohlenwasserstoffen mit einem Siedepunkt oberhalb von 200 DEG C, Fettsäuren mit 12 bis 22 C-Atomen, 3-Thiaalkan-1-ole, 3-Thiaoxidalkan-1-ole, 3-Thiadioxid-alkan-ole und Ester der Thiaalkanverbindungen in Kombination mit DOLLAR A (i) mindestens einem Polyglycerinester, der durch mindestens 20%ige Veresterung von Polyglycerin mit einer 12 bis 36 C-Atome aufweisenden Carbonsäure erhältlich ist, DOLLAR A und DOLLAR A (ii) mindestens einem Bisamid aujs Ethylendiamin und Carbonsäuren mit 10 bis 36 C-Atomen DOLLAR A enthält und deren wässrige Phase mindestens einen Stabilisator, Wasser und gegebenenfalls ein Verdickungsmittel enthält für ...

Optical position measuring device

An optical position measuring arrangement that includes an incremental measuring graduation and a scanning unit, which can be moved in relation to the incremental measuring graduation along a measuring direction and by which position-dependent incremental signals are generated from scanning the measuring graduation. The scanning unit includes a transparent support substrate and two incremental signal scanning arrangements arranged in the measuring direction. Each of the incremental scanning arrangements includes a light source and several incremental signal detector elements, wherein the incremental signal scanning arrangements are arranged on a side of the support substrate facing away from the incremental measuring graduation. The scanning unit includes several fields with scanning gratings, each field is spatially assigned to corresponding incremental signal detector elements and is arranged between the incremental signal scanning arrangements and the support substrate, wherein the scanning ...

Defoaming agent and/or deaerator for aqueous media tending to foam

Deforming agent and/or deaerating agent based on oil-in-water dispersions

The present invention relates to novel oil-in-water dispersions which comprise a) at least one water-insoluble oxygen-containing organic substance which is solid at room temperature and b) at least one amide compound of the formula I, in which the variables R, R¹, R², A, B, X and Z have the meanings given in the description and the claims, and to the use thereof as antifoams and/or deaerators in aqueous systems which have a tendency toward foam formation.

Scanning device for scanning a scale graduation, and position measuring system utilizing the same

A scanning device for scanning a scale graduation for detecting relative movements of the scanning device with respect to the scale graduation. The scanning device includes a first primary sensor field and a second primary sensor field used for detecting relative movements along a first spatial direction. A first secondary sensor field and a second secondary sensor field for detecting relative movements along a second spatial direction, which is linearly independent of the first spatial direction. The first primary sensor field, the second primary sensor field, the first secondary sensor field and the second secondary sensor field are arranged point-symmetrically in relation to a mid-point in a plane.

Production of paper and cardboard

Paper and cardboard are produced by draining a paper stock by a method in which a stock having a consistency of from 2.5 to 5% by weight is used as a starting material, and (a) from 0.1 to 2% by weight of an activated bentonite are added and the stock consistency is then brought to 0.3-2% by weight by dilution with water, after which (b) from 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of a cationic polyelectrolyte having a charge density of not less than 4 meq/g of polyelectrolyte is added and distributed therein, and, after thorough mixing (c) from 0.003 to 0.3% by weight of a high molecular weight polymer based on acrylamide or methacrylamide is metered in and mixed with the paper stock, the percentages in each case being based on dry paper stock, and the resulting pulp is drained on a wire. The paper obtained is distinguished in particular by good printing properties in the offset printing process.

Defoaming agent and/or deaerator for aqueous media tending to foam

The invention relates to a defoaming agent and/or deaerator based on oil-in- water dispersions, the oil phase of which contains at least one compound fro m the group of alcohols comprising at least 12 C atoms, alkoxylated fat alcohols, monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides of fatty acids, fatty acid ester from carboxylic acids comprising at least 12 C atoms and monovalent to trivalent alcohols comprising 3 to 22 C atoms, hydrocarbons having a boiling point of more than 200 ~C, fatty acids comprising 12 to 22 C atoms, 3-thiaalkane-1-ole, 3-thiaoxide alkane-1-ole, 3-thiadioxide-alkane-ol e, and ester of the thiaalkane compounds in combination with (i) at least one polyglycerine that is obtained by esterification of at least 20 percent of polyglycerine with a carboxylic acid comprising 12 to 36 C atoms, and (ii) a t least one bisamide consisting of ethylene diamine and carboxylic acids comprising 10 to 36 C atoms while the aqueous phase thereof contains at leas t one stabilizer, water, and an optional thickener, for aqueous media that ten d to foam. Also disclosed is the use of said defoaming agent and/or deaerator for controlling foam in media tending to foam, particularly for controlling foam during cellulose boiling, cellulose washing, grinding of paper pulp, paper production, and dispersion of pigments used for paper production.</SDO AB>

Defoaming agent and/or deaerating agent based on oil-in-water dispersions

The invention relates to novel oil-in-water dispersions containing: a) at least one oxygen-containing organic substance, which is insoluble in water and solid at room temperature, and; b) at least one amide compound of general formula (I), wherein the variables R, R1, R2, A, B, X and Z have the meanings as cited in the description and in the claims. The invention also relates to the use of the inventive dispersions as a defoaming agent and/or deaerating agent in aqueous systems that tend to foam.

Entschäumer und/oder entlüfter auf der basis von öl-in-wasser-dispersionen

Desespumante y/o desaireador a base de dispersiones de aceite-en-agua.

Dispersiones de aceite-en-agua, cuya fase oleaginosa contiene al menos una substancia inorgánica, que contenga oxígeno, sólida a temperatura ambiente, insoluble en agua, elegida entre los alcoholes de cadena larga con un resto hidrocarbonado alifático, que presenta al menos 12 átomos de carbono, que puede estar interrumpido, en caso dado, por S, SO o SO2, residuos de destilación, que se obtienen en la obtención de alcoholes alifáticos con al menos 14 átomos de carbono, monoglicéridos, diglicéridos y triglicéridos de ácidos grasos, ésteres de ácidos grasos de alcoholes alifáticos con al menos 12 átomos de carbono, ésteres de ácidos grasos de alcanoles con 1 a 11 átomos de carbono y sus mezclas.

Optische positionsmesseinrichtung

Entschäumer und/oder entlüfter auf der basis von öl-in-wasser-dispersionen

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Salpetersäureestern von Carbonsäure-oxyalkylamiden

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Xanthinderivaten

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Salpetersaeureestern von Dimethylxanthinderivaten