Exhaust gas purification system for internal combustion engine

An exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine is provided with a filter including a selective catalytic reduction NOx catalyst carried thereon. Further, a post-catalyst is provided for an exhaust gas passage disposed on a downstream side from the filter. The post-catalyst has an oxidizing function, and the post-catalyst has such a function that the production of N2 based on the oxidation of ammonia is facilitated in a predetermined first temperature area. A filter regeneration process execution unit is programmed to control the temperature of the post-catalyst to be in the first temperature area while adjusting the temperature of the filter to be in a predetermined second temperature area lower than a filter regeneration temperature during a certain period of time.

Exhaust cleaner for internal combustion engine

An exhaust cleaner for internal combustion engines which includes an SOx-trapping catalyst (13) for capturing the SOx contained in an exhaust gas, the SOx-trapping catalyst (13) being composed of an upstream-side catalyst (13a) and a downstream-side catalyst (13b) into which the exhaust gas that has passed through the upstream-side catalyst (13a) flows. The upstream-side catalyst (13a) includes an SOx-occluding material (55, 62) mainly comprising an alkaline earth metal, and the downstream-side catalyst (13b) includes an SOx-occluding material (55, 62) mainly comprising an alkali metal.

Urea water supply system

An object is to suppress the occurrence of a failure in supply of urea water as much as possible in filling control of urea water in a pump share-type urea water supply system with two supply valves. In the pump share-type urea water supply system with a first supply valve and a second supply valve, a urea water tank is connected with the respective supply valves by a urea water supply path. The urea water supply path includes a first supply path for the first supply valve and a second supply path for the second supply valve. The second supply path has a larger capacity than the capacity of the first supply path by a predetermined volume. Filling control of urea water pressure-feeds urea water to the first supply valve and the first supply path by a pump operated in a specified operating state in a state that at least the first supply valve out of the first and second supply valves is opened, and closes the first supply valve based on a pressure value or a pressure variation per unit time ...

Exhaust conversion apparatus for internal combustion engine

This exhaust conversion apparatus for an internal combustion engine is provided with a silver-alumina catalyst apparatus disposed in an engine exhaust system. When the air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas is leaner than the theoretical air-fuel ratio, the silver-alumina catalyst apparatus releases adsorbed NO2 at a first set temperature and releases adsorbed NO at a second set temperature lower than the first set temperature. When the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is leaner than the theoretical air-fuel ratio, the silver-alumina catalyst apparatus, upon reaching a third set temperature lower than the second set temperature, is restricted from having temperature increases and maintained at around the third set temperature. The restriction of temperature increase of the silver-alumina catalyst apparatus is lifted after at least some of the NO adsorbed on the silver-alumina catalyst apparatus can be oxidized into NO2 and adsorbed on the silver-alumina catalyst apparatus.

Exhaust gas purifier for internal combustion engine

An exhaust gas purifier for an internal combustion engine is equipped with a selective reduction type NOx catalyst device (2) which can hold ammonia, and an occlusion reduction type NOx catalyst device (3) arranged on the upstream side of the selective reduction type NOx catalyst device. The exhaust gas purifier changes the air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas flowing into the occlusion reduction type NOx catalyst device from lean air-fuel ratio to rich air-fuel ratio in order to start an ammonia production period, and changes the air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas flowing into the occlusion reduction type NOx catalyst device from rich air-fuel ratio to lean air-fuel ratio in order to end the ammonia production period. When the temperature of the occlusion reduction type NOx catalyst device is lower than a set temperature, the ammonia production period is started in a state where the quantity of NOx held in the occlusion reduction type NOx catalyst device is smaller than the quantity of NOx held in ...

Exhaust purification device for internal combustion engine

Disclosed is a control device for an internal combustion engine with a silver-alumina catalytic device and a NOx reduction catalytic device disposed within the engine exhaust system and which: reduces and removes NOx (step 115) that has been discharged from the silver-alumina catalytic device, in the NOx reduction catalytic device by the use of a reduction agent when the silver-alumina catalytic device reaches a first set temperature (T1) on the higher-temperature side (step 110); and also reduces and removes NOx (step 107) that has been discharged from the silver-alumina catalytic device, in the NOx reduction catalytic device by the use of a reduction agent when the silver-alumina catalytic device reaches a second set temperature on the lower-temperature side (step 104).

Sulfur component detection apparatus

A sulfur component detection apparatus has a holding portion (30) which holds SOx and NOx in exhaust gas passing through an exhaust gas passage, and a temperature sensor (20) which measures the temperature of the holding portion, wherein the amount of NOx to be held in the holding portion decreases as the amount of SOx to be held increases, NOx is discharged without discharging SOx when a set temperature is reached, the amount of SOx to be held is estimated based on the relationship between the heating pattern of the holding portion after the time when the holding portion is heated and reaches the set temperature and the temperature variation of the holding portion detected by the temperature sensor, and then the cumulative amount of SOx passed through the exhaust gas passage during a fixed period or a value based on the cumulative amount is detected.

Exhaust purification apparatus for internal combustion engine

In an internal combustion engine, inside of an engine exhaust passage, a hydrocarbon feed valve (15) and an exhaust treatment catalyst (13) are arranged. On a substrate (45) of the exhaust treatment catalyst (13), a coat layer comprised of at least two layers of a top coat layer (46) and a bottom coat layer (47) is formed. The top coat layer (46) is comprised of an exhaust purification catalyst for reacting NO x contained in exhaust gas and reformed hydrocarbons, while the bottom coat layer (47) is comprised of an NO x absorption catalyst. The concentration of hydrocarbons which flows into the exhaust treatment catalyst (13) is made to vibrate within a predetermined range of amplitude and within a predetermined range of period. Due to this, NO x contained in exhaust gas and NO x desorbed from the NO x absorption catalyst (47) are reduced in the exhaust purification catalyst (46).

Exhaust emission control system of internal combustion engine

In order to suppress ammonia from flowing out during regeneration treatment of a filter carrying an SCR catalyst, the prevent invention provides an exhaust emission control system of an internal combustion engine, including a first stage catalyst having an oxidation function, a fuel supply device configured to supply fuel to the first stage catalyst, a filter provided in the exhaust passage downstream of the first stage catalyst and carrying a selective redaction type NOx catalyst, an ammonia supply device configured to supply ammonia to the filter, a filter-regeneration-treatment executing unit configured to execute filter regeneration treatment, and a control unit configured to supply, when the filter regeneration treatment is not executed, the ammonia in an amount corresponding to an amount of the NOx emitted from the internal combustion engine, and to supply, when the filter regeneration treatment is executed, the ammonia in an amount corresponding to an amount of the NOx obtained by ...

Device for detecting sulfur component

Disclosed is a device for detecting sulfur components, the device being equipped with: a holding part which holds SOx and NOx contained in an exhaust gas passing through an exhaust gas passage and decreases in NOx holding capacity as the amount of held SOx increases and which releases only the held NOx when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is set to a theoretical air-fuel ratio or a rich air-fuel ratio, the released NOx being reduced; and a temperature sensor which measures the temperature of the holding part. In the device, the increase in the temperature of the holding part which occurs upon the reduction reaction of the released NOx is measured by the temperature sensor, and the quantity of exothermic heat during the reduction reaction of the released NOx is calculated on the basis of the measured temperature increase and the heat capacity of the holding part to thereby calculate the NOx release amount corresponding to the NOx holding capacity and estimate the current amount of ...

Exhaust gas purification apparatus for internal combustion engine

An object of the present invention is to appropriately remove, from an exhaust gas, HC, CO, and ammonia flowing out from a filter (SCRF) on which an SCR catalyst is carried. In the present invention, a post-catalyst 8 is provided for an exhaust gas passage of an internal combustion engine on a downstream side from SCRF along with a flow of the exhaust gas. The post-catalyst 8 is constructed to include an adsorption reduction part 81c which adsorbs ammonia and which reduces NOx by using ammonia as a reducing agent, a first oxidation part 81b which oxidizes ammonia, and a second oxidation part 82 which oxidizes HO and CO.

Image capture device

Read electrodes are provided to drain signal charge of pixels from photoelectric conversion units provided in the pixels separately to a vertical transfer unit. During a first exposure period during which an object is illuminated with infrared light, signal charge obtained from a first pixel, and signal charge obtained from a second pixel adjacent to the first pixel, are added together in the vertical transfer unit to produce first signal charge. During a second exposure period during which the object is not illuminated with infrared light, signal charge obtained from the first pixel, and signal charge obtained from the second pixel adjacent to the first pixel, are transferred without being added to the first signal charge in the vertical transfer unit, and are added together in another packet to produce second signal charge.

Exhaust emission purifier of internal combustion engine

An exhaust emission purifier of an internal combustion engine comprises an NOx occlusion reduction catalyst, and a particulate filter arranged on the upstream side of the NOx occlusion reduction catalyst. When NOx which is occluded to the NOx occlusion reduction catalyst is discharged, the particulate filter is warmed up to a temperature at which a particulate matter is oxidized, flow rate of exhaust gas flowing into the particulate filter is reduced, air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the particulate filter is enriched, and the particulate matter deposited on the particulate filter is oxidized to produce carbon monoxide.

Device for detecting sulfur component

Disclosed is a device for detecting a sulfur component provided with a holding part for holding SOX and NOX in an exhaust gas passing through an exhaust gas channel, the NOX holding capability of which decreases with an increase in the SOX holding capability thereof, whereby the amount of held SOX is estimated based on the amount of NOX held in the holding part so that the integrated amount of SOX having passed said exhaust gas channel within a definite period of time or a value based on the integrated amount is detected. In this device for detecting a sulfur component, when NOX is not held in the holding part at such an NOX level that can be held at the present time, the estimation of the amount of held SOX based on the integrated amount of SOX or a value based on the integrated amount is inhibited.

Exhaust gas purification system for internal combustion engine

In an exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine provided with a filter supporting an SCR catalyst, the present invention is intended to suppress HC and CO from being discharged to the outside at the time of the execution of filter regeneration processing, and to carry out the filter regeneration processing in an efficient manner. In the present invention, a post-catalyst having an oxidation function is arranged in an exhaust passage at the downstream side of the filter. Then, when the temperature of the post-catalyst is lower than a predetermined activation temperature at the time the execution of the filter regeneration processing is requested, the temperature of the post-catalyst is raised by carrying out control of raising the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine, and control increasing the flow rate of the exhaust gas, before the execution of the filter regeneration processing.

Urea water supply system

A pump share-type urea water supply system includes a first supply valve and a second supply valve. A urea water tank is connected with the respective supply valves by a urea water supply path that includes a first supply path for the first supply valve and a second supply path for the second supply valve. The second supply path has a larger capacity than the first supply path by a predetermined volume. A suck-back control controls opening and closing of the respective supply valves such that a first estimated valve-opening time of the first supply valve for suck-back control in the first supply valve and supply path is shorter than a second estimated valve-opening time of the second supply valve for suck-back control in the second supply valve and in-the-second supply path by at least a first control time corresponding to the predetermined volume.

Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine

An NOx adsorption part and an NOx purification part are disposed in an engine exhaust passage in an internal combustion engine. The NOx purification part has the property of reducing NOx contained in exhaust gas when the concentration of hydrocarbon is oscillated with an amplitude within a predetermined range and a period within a predetermined range. When NOx is desorbed from the NOx adsorption part (step 203), the concentration of hydrocarbon in the NOx purification part is oscillated with an amplitude and a period (deltaT.k) obtained by correcting the amplitude and/or the period (deltaT) set for a current engine operating state so that the amount of hydrocarbon increases in order to reduce the NOx desorbed from the NOX adsorption part together with NOx contained in current exhaust gas (step 205).

Exhaust conversion apparatus for internal combustion engine

This exhaust conversion apparatus for an internal combustion engine is provided with a silver-alumina catalyst apparatus disposed in an engine exhaust system. When the silver-alumina catalyst apparatus releases NO at a second set temperature T2 lower than a first set temperature T1 at which the silver-alumina catalyst apparatus releases NO2, the silver-alumina catalyst apparatus is heated so as to increase the rate of temperature increase and cause a temperature T of the silver-alumina catalyst apparatus to reach a third set temperature T3 between the first set temperature T1 and the second set temperature T2.

EXHAUST PURIFICATION SYSTEM OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

An internal combustion engine in which an SOtrap catalyst () for trapping SOcontained in the exhaust gas contains an oxygen adsorbing and releasing material () which can adsorb SOcontained in the exhaust gas and an SOstorage material () which can store SOin the form of sulfates. The SOwhich is contained in the exhaust gas is chemically adsorbed at the oxygen adsorbing and releasing material () without being oxidized. If the temperature of the SOtrap catalyst () becomes higher than the start temperature of adsorbed SOmovement, the SOwhich is chemically adsorbed at the oxygen adsorbing and releasing material () is oxidized and stored in the form of sulfates in the SOstorage material (). 1. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine wherein an SOtrap catalyst for trapping SOcontained in exhaust gas is arranged in an engine exhaust passage , said SOtrap catalyst contains SOadsorption-use oxides which can adsorb SOcontained in exhaust gas and an SOstorage material which can store SOin the form of sulfates , said SOtrap catalyst has a property of being able to adsorb SOcontained in exhaust gas at the SOadsorption-use oxides without oxidizing and has a property whereby SOadsorbed at the SOadsorption-use oxides is oxidized and is stored in the form of sulfates in the SOstorage material when a temperature of the SOtrap catalyst becomes higher than a start temperature of adsorbed SOmovement where the SOadsorbed at the SOadsorption-use oxides starts to move toward the SOstorage material , and , during engine operation , the temperature of the SOtrap catalyst is made to repeatedly change from less than said start temperature of adsorbed SOmovement to more than said start temperature of adsorbed SOmovement.2. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said SOadsorption-use oxides are comprised of metal oxides claim 1 , and said metal oxides are comprised of an oxygen adsorbing and releasing material which ...

EXHAUST PURIFICATION SYSTEM OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

The exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine of the present invention is provided with an NOstorage reduction catalyst and a particulate filter which is arranged at the upstream side of the NOstorage reduction catalyst. When causing the NOstorage reduction catalyst to release the stored NO, the particulate filter is raised to the temperature at which the particulate matter is oxidized, the flow rate of the exhaust gas which flows into the particulate filter is made to decrease, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas which flows into the particulate filter is made rich, and the particulate matter which builds up on the particulate filter is made to oxidize to produce carbon monoxide. 1. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine provided with an NOstorage reduction catalyst which is arranged in an engine exhaust passage , which stores NOwhich is contained in exhaust gas when an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is lean , and which releases stored NOwhen an air-fuel ratio of inflowing exhaust gas becomes a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or rich and a trapping filter which is arranged at an upstream side of the NOstorage reduction catalyst and which traps particulate matter which is contained in the exhaust gas , wherein{'sub': X', 'X', 'X', 'X, 'when causing the NOstorage reduction catalyst to release the stored NOor SO, the system raises the trapping filter to a temperature at which at least part of the particulate matter is oxidized, makes the flow rate of the exhaust gas which flows into the trapping filter drop, makes the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas fall so that the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas which flows out from the trapping filter becomes the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or rich, and makes the particulate matter which builds up on the trapping filter oxidize to generate carbon monoxide as carbon monoxide production control to thereby supply the NOstorage reduction catalyst with carbon monoxide.'}2. An exhaust ...

EXHAUST PURIFICATION SYSTEM OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

An internal combustion engine in which an SOx trap catalyst for trapping SOx contained in the exhaust gas is comprised of an upstream side catalyst and a downstream side catalyst into which the exhaust gas flowing out from the upstream side catalyst flows. The SOx storing material of the upstream side catalyst is mainly comprised of an alkali earth metal, while the SOx storing material of the downstream side catalyst is mainly comprised of an alkali metal. 1. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine in which an SOtrap catalyst having an SOstoring material is arranged in an engine exhaust passage and SOcontained in an exhaust gas is stored in the SOstoring material , wherein the SOtrap catalyst is comprised of an upstream side catalyst and a downstream side catalyst into which the exhaust gas flowing out from the upstream side catalyst flows , the SOstoring material of the upstream side catalyst is mainly comprised of an alkali earth metal , and the SOstoring material of the downstream side catalyst is mainly comprised of an alkali metal.2. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the SOtrap catalyst claim 1 , in the case where the SOstoring material contains an alkali metal claim 1 , when nitrates of the alkali metal become a molten state claim 1 , the nitrates collect at a surface part of the SOtrap catalyst and form a layer of sulfates of the alkali metal claim 1 , which obstructs the storage of SO claim 1 , at the surface part of the SOtrap catalyst.3. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the SOstorage material of the downstream side catalyst is comprised of an alkali metal and an alkali earth metal.4. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the upstream side catalyst and the downstream side catalyst are comprised of a single monolithic catalyst which is ...

Detector for detecting sulfur components

The present detector for detecting sulfur components includes a storage portion for storing SO x and NO x in the exhaust gas passing through an exhaust passage, in which the more an amount of stored SO x increases, the more an amount of stored NO x decreases, and which does not release SO x but release NO x at a set temperature, and a temperature sensor, estimates the amount of stored SO x on the basis of a relationship between, after the storage portion becomes the set temperature by heating, a heating pattern of the storage portion and temperature change of the storage portion measured by the temperature sensor, and detects an integrated amount of SO x passing through the exhaust passage during a given period or an value on the basis of the integrated amount.

DETECTOR FOR DETECTING SULFUR COMPONENTS

The present detector for detecting sulfur components includes a storage portion for storing SOx and NOx in the exhaust gas passing through an exhaust passage, in which the more an amount of stored SOx increases, the more an amount of NOx that can be stored decreases, estimates the amount of stored SOx on the basis of an amount of NOx stored in the storage portion, and detects an integrated amount of SOx passing through the exhaust passage during a given period or an value on the basis of the integrated amount. In the present detector, the estimating of the amount of stored SOx for detecting the integrated amount of SOx or the value on the basis of the integrated amount is prohibited when a current amount of NOx that can be stored is not stored in the storage portion. 1. A detector for detecting sulfur components comprising a storage portion for storing SOx and NOx in the exhaust gas passing through an exhaust passage , in which the more an amount of stored SOx increases , the more an amount of NOx that can be stored decreases , estimating said amount of stored SOx on the basis of an amount of NOx stored in said storage portion , and detecting an integrated amount of SOx passing through the exhaust passage during a given period or an value on the basis of said integrated amount , wherein the estimating of said amount of stored SOx for detecting said integrated amount of SOx or said value on the basis of said integrated amount is prohibited when a current amount of NOx that can be stored is not stored in said storage portion.2. A detector for detecting sulfur components according to wherein the estimating of said amount of stored SOx for detecting said integrated amount of SOx or said value on the basis of said integrated amount is prohibited when a temperature of said storage portion is out of a set temperature range.3. A detector for detecting sulfur components according to wherein said set temperature range includes a temperature at which a current amount of NOx ...

DETECTOR FOR DETECTING SULFUR COMPONENTS

A detector for detecting sulfur components having a storage portion for storing SOand NOin the exhaust gas passing through an exhaust passage and a temperature sensor for measuring a temperature of the storage portion. The detector includes a heater for heating the storage portion and determines the current heat capacity (C) of the storage portion on the basis of an increase in (T−T) the temperature of the storage portion measured by the temperature sensor and a quantity of heat (QH) generated by the heater when the heater heats the storage portion. 1. A detector for detecting sulfur components comprising a storage portion for storing SOand NOin the exhaust gas passing through an exhaust passage , in which the more an amount of stored SOincreases , the more an amount of NOthat can be stored decreases , and which releases only the stored NOand reduces the released NOwhen the air-fuel ratio in the exhaust gas is made stoichiometric or rich , and a temperature sensor for measuring a temperature of said storage portion , measuring an increase in the temperature of said storage portion in the reducing reaction of the released NOby said temperature sensor , calculating a quantity of heat generated in the reducing reaction of the released NOon the basis of the measured increase in the temperature and heat capacity of said storage portion so that an amount of released NOthat corresponds to the amount of NOthat can be stored is calculated in order to estimate a current amount of stored SO , and detecting an integrated amount of SOpassing through said exhaust passage in a given period or a value on the basis of said integrated amount , wherein said detector comprises a heater for heating said storage portion and determines the current heat capacity of said storage portion on the basis of an increase in the temperature of said storage portion measured by said temperature sensor and a quantity of heat generated by said heater when said heater heats said storage portion.2. A ...

EXHAUST PURIFICATION SYSTEM OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

In an exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine of the present invention, a silver-alumina-based catalyst device and NOreducing catalyst device are arranged in the engine exhaust system. When a temperature of the silver-alumina-based catalyst device becomes a first set temperature TI on the high temperature side, NOreleased from the silver-alumina-based catalyst device is reduced by reducing material to be purified in the NOreducing catalyst device. When the temperature of the silver-alumina-based catalyst device becomes a second set temperature on the low temperature side, NOreleased from the silver-alumina-based catalyst device is reduced by reducing material to be purified in the NOreducing catalyst device. 1. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine in which the engine exhaust system , a silver-alumina-based catalyst device and NOreducing catalyst device are arranged , wherein when a temperature of said silver-alumina-based catalyst device becomes a first set temperature on the high temperature side , NOreleased from said silver-alumina-based catalyst device is reduced by reducing material to be purified in said NOreducing catalyst device and when the temperature of said silver-alumina-based catalyst device becomes a second set temperature on the low temperature side , NOreleased from said silver-alumina-based catalyst device is reduced by reducing material to be purified in said NOreducing catalyst device.2. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of adsorbed NOon the high temperature side adsorbed in said silver-alumina-based catalyst device when the temperature of said silver-alumina-based catalyst devices is equal to or higher than said second set temperature and is lower than said first set temperature is estimated.3. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine according to claim 2 , wherein only when the estimated amount of ...

EXHAUST PURIFICATION SYSTEM OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

In an internal combustion engine, inside of an engine exhaust passage, a hydrocarbon feed valve () and an exhaust treatment catalyst () are arranged. On a substrate () of the exhaust treatment catalyst (), a coat layer comprised of at least two layers of a top coat layer () and a bottom coat layer () is formed. The top coat layer () is comprised of an exhaust purification catalyst for reacting NOcontained in exhaust gas and reformed hydrocarbons, while the bottom coat layer () is comprised of an NOabsorption catalyst. The concentration of hydrocarbons which flows into the exhaust treatment catalyst () is made to vibrate within a predetermined range of amplitude and within a predetermined range of period. Due to this, NOcontained in exhaust gas and NOdesorbed from the NOabsorption catalyst () are reduced in the exhaust purification catalyst (). 1. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine in which an exhaust treatment catalyst is arranged inside of an engine exhaust passage , a coat layer comprised of at least two layers of a top coat layer and a bottom coat layer is formed on a substrate of the exhaust treatment catalyst , the top coat layer is comprised of an exhaust purification catalyst for reacting NOcontained in exhaust gas and reformed hydrocarbons , a precious metal catalyst is carried on an exhaust gas flow surface of the exhaust purification catalyst and a basic exhaust gas flow surface part is formed around the precious metal catalyst , the exhaust purification catalyst has a property of reducing the NOwhich is contained in exhaust gas if causing vibration of a concentration of hydrocarbons flowing into the exhaust treatment catalyst by within a predetermined range of amplitude and within a predetermined range of period and has a property of being increased in storage amount of NOwhich is contained in exhaust gas if lengthening the vibration period of the hydrocarbon concentration more than the predetermined range , the bottom coat ...

METHOD FOR REMOVING OXIDE FILM FORMED ON SURFACE OF SILICON WAFER

Disclosed is a method for removing an oxide film formed on a surface of a silicon wafer, comprising steps of: preparing a silicon wafer having an oxide film formed thereon; arranging a discoid wafer mounting stage, which has a contact portion with the oxide film being formed of an acid-resistant resin layer, in a reaction container of a vapor-phase etching apparatus; mounting the silicon wafer on the mounting stage in such a manner that a wafer center coincides with a central axis of the mounting stage; and circulating a hydrogen fluoride containing gas into the reaction container and removing the oxide film from an interface between a chamfered surface and a wafer lower surface toward the inner side of the wafer until a desired interval a is obtained, wherein the desired interval a is adjusted by changing a stage diameter of the mounting stage. 1. A method for removing an oxide film formed on a surface of a silicon wafer , comprising steps of: preparing a silicon wafer which has an upper surface , a lower surface , a chamfered surface , and an end surface and has an oxide film formed on at least the entire lower surface of the silicon wafer; arranging one or more discoid wafer mounting stages , each of which has at least a contact portion with the oxide film being formed of an acid-resistant resin layer , in a reaction container of a vapor-phase etching apparatus; mounting the silicon wafer on the mounting stage in such a manner that the lower surface of the silicon wafer faces an upper face of the mounting stage and a wafer center coincides with a central axis of the mounting stage; and circulating a hydrogen fluoride containing gas into the reaction container and removing the oxide film from an interface between the chamfered surface and the wafer lower surface toward the inner side of the wafer until a desired interval a is obtained , wherein the desired interval a is adjusted by changing a stage diameter of the mounting stage.2. A method according to claim 1 , ...

EXHAUST PURIFICATION SYSTEM OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

In an internal combustion engine, inside of an engine exhaust passage, an NOadsorption part and an NOpurification part are arranged. The NOpurification part has the property of reducing NOwhich is contained in exhaust gas if the concentration of hydrocarbons is made to vibrate by within a predetermined range of amplitude and within a predetermined range of period. When NOis to be desorbed from the NOadsorption part, the current NOwhich is contained in the exhaust gas and the NOwhich is desorbed from the NOadsorption part are reduced by making the concentration of hydrocarbons of the NOpurification part vibrate by the amplitude and period which are set for the current engine operating state, at least of which (ΔT·k) has been corrected so that the amount of hydrocarbons becomes greater. 1. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine wherein an NOadsorption part and an NOpurification part are arranged inside of an engine exhaust passage , said NOpurification part causes NOwhich is contained in exhaust gas and modified hydrocarbons to react , precious metal catalysts are carried on an exhaust gas flow surface of said NOpurification part , a basic exhaust gas flow surface part is formed around the precious metal catalysts , said NOpurification part has the property of reducing the NOwhich is contained in the exhaust gas if a concentration of hydrocarbons which pass over said exhaust gas flow surface of said NOpurification part is made to vibrate by within a predetermined range of amplitude and within a predetermined range of period and has the property that a storage amount of NOwhich is contained in the exhaust gas increases if the vibration period of the hydrocarbon concentration is made longer than the predetermined range , said NOadsorption part has the property of adsorbing the NOwhich is contained in the exhaust gas and causing the adsorbed NOto desorb when the temperature rises , to reduce the current NOwhich is contained in the exhaust gas , ...

EXHAUST PURIFICATION SYSTEM OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine of the present invention comprises a silver-alumina-based catalyst device arranged in the engine exhaust system. When a temperature of the silver-alumina-based catalyst device becomes a second set temperature T lower than a first set temperature T at which the silver-alumina-based catalyst device releases NO, and releases NO, the silver-alumina-based catalyst device is heated such that a temperature elevation rate thereof is increased to make the temperature T of the silver-alumina-based catalyst device be a third set temperature T between the first set temperature T and the second set temperature T 1. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine , wherein the system comprises a silver-alumina-based catalyst device arranged in the engine exhaust system , when a temperature of said silver-alumina-based catalyst device becomes a second set temperature lower than a first set temperature at which said silver-alumina-based catalyst device releases NO , and releases NO , said silver-alumina-based catalyst device is heated such that a temperature elevation rate thereof is increased to make the temperature of said silver-alumina-based catalyst device be a third set temperature between said first set temperature and said second set temperature.2. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , wherein when the temperature of said silver-alumina-based catalyst devices becomes said second set temperature claim 1 , said silver-alumina-based catalyst device is heated by a flame burner or an electric heater.3. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , wherein said silver-alumina-based catalyst device comprises a HC adsorption layer claim 1 , and when the temperature of said silver-alumina-based catalyst devices becomes said second set temperature claim 1 , the HC adsorbed in said HC adsorption layer is ignited and ...

EXHAUST PURIFICATION SYSTEM OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

An exhaust purification system in which when an air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas is leaner than a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, a silver-alumina-based catalyst device releases adsorbed NOat a first set temperature and releases adsorbed NO at a second set temperature which is lower than the first set temperature. When the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is leaner than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and the silver-alumina-based catalyst device is a third set temperature which is lower than the second set temperature, a temperature rise of the silver-alumina-based catalyst device is suppressed to maintain the silver-alumina-based catalyst device near the third set temperature, and at least part of the NO which is adsorbed at the silver-alumina-based catalyst device is oxidized to NOto be adsorbed at the silver-alumina-based catalyst device, then the suppression of the temperature rise of the silver-alumina-based catalyst device is lifted. 1. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine wherein the system is provided with a silver-alumina-based catalyst device which is arranged in an engine exhaust system , when an air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas is leaner than a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio , said silver-alumina-based catalyst device releases adsorbed NOat a first set temperature and releases adsorbed NO at a second set temperature which is lower than said first set temperature , when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is leaner than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and said silver-alumina-based catalyst device is a third set temperature which is lower than said second set temperature , a temperature rise of said silver-alumina-based catalyst device is suppressed to maintain said silver-alumina-based catalyst device near said third set temperature , and at least part of the NO which is adsorbed at said silver-alumina-based catalyst device is oxidized to NOto be adsorbed at said silver-alumina-based catalyst device , then the suppression of the ...

EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION APPARATUS FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE (AS AMENDED)

An exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine comprises: a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst selectively reducing NOx in an exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine using ammonia as a reducing agent; a supply device adding an additive agent, such as ammonia, to the exhaust gas at an upstream side of the SCR catalyst; and a controller, when a temperature of SCR catalyst is higher than a predetermined temperature, increases a NOx concentration of the exhaust gas flowing into the SCR catalyst and increases an amount of addition of the additive agent in such a manner that a ratio of an amount of ammonia with respect to an amount of NOx contained in the exhaust gas flowing into the SCR catalyst, becomes large, as compared to when the temperature is equal to or less than the predetermined temperature. 1. An exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine comprising:a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst that is arranged in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine, and selectively reduces NOx in an exhaust gas by using ammonia as a reducing agent;a supply device configured to add an additive agent, which is ammonia or a precursor of ammonia, to the exhaust gas at an upstream side of the SCR catalyst;a temperature detection device configured to detect a temperature of the SCR catalyst; andcontroller, comprising at least one processor, configured, when the temperature detected by the temperature detection device is higher than the predetermined temperature, to increase an inflow NOx concentration which is a NOx concentration of the exhaust gas flowing into the SCR catalyst and increase an amount of addition of the additive agent in such a manner that an equivalent ratio, which is a ratio of an amount of ammonia with respect to an amount of NOx contained in the exhaust gas flowing into the SCR catalyst, becomes large, as compared to when the temperature detected by the temperature detection ...

Method of removing ash from particulate filter

A method of removing ash from a wall flow type particulate filter which is arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine in which combustion is performed in an excess of oxygen for trapping particulate matter in exhaust gas, using a solid acid which is carried on the particulate filter, renders the state of the particulate filter a state where the exhaust gas which flows into the particulate filter is lowered in concentration of oxygen and the particulate filter is raised in temperature, and then renders the state of the particulate filter a state where the exhaust gas which flows into the particulate filter in an oxidizing atmosphere contains SOx.

EXHAUST PURIFICATION SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

A wall flow type particulate filter is arranged inside the exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine where combustion is performed under an excess of oxygen. The particulate filter carries a solid acid. The solid acid has a Hammett acidity function smaller than −0.83 and larger than −12 in the standard state. To remove the ash from the particulate filter, ash atomization processing for rendering the state of the particulate filter a state where the exhaust gas which flows into the particulate filter is lowered in concentration of oxygen and the particulate filter is raised in temperature is temporarily performed. 1. An exhaust purification system for an internal combustion engine in which fuel is burned under an oxygen excess , in which a wall flow type particulate filter for trapping particulate matter in the exhaust gas is arranged inside of an exhaust passage , and in which ash is trapped along with particulate matter by the particulate filter , [{'sup': '5', 'the particulate filter carries a solid acid, the solid acid having a Hammett acidity function smaller than −0.83 and larger than −12 in the standard state (25° C., 1 atm (10Pa)), and'}, 'ash atomizing means temporarily performing ash atomization processing, which renders the state of the particulate filter a state where the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gas which flows into the particulate filter is lowered and the temperature of the particulate filter is raised to remove ash from the particulate filter, is temporarily performed., 'the exhaust purification system wherein'}2. An exhaust purification system for an internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the solid acid is formed from one or more complex oxides which are selected from silica-alumina claim 1 , silica-titania claim 1 , titania-zirconia claim 1 , silica-zirconia claim 1 , silica-gallium oxide claim 1 , titania-alumina claim 1 , silica-yttrium oxide claim 1 , alumina-zirconia claim 1 , silica-lanthanum oxide ...

EXHAUST PURIFICATION SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

A wall flow type particulate filter is arranged inside the exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine where combustion is performed under an excess of oxygen. The particulate filter carries an ash atomization agent. To remove the ash from the particulate filter, ash atomization processing for rendering the state of the particulate filter a state where the exhaust gas which flows into the particulate filter is lowered in concentration of oxygen and the particulate filter is raised in temperature is temporarily performed. 1. An exhaust purification system for an internal combustion engine in which fuel is burned under an oxygen excess , in which a wall flow type particulate filter for trapping particulate matter in the exhaust gas is arranged inside of an exhaust passage , and in which ash is trapped along with particulate matter by the particulate filter , the exhaust purification system whereinthe particulate filter carries an ash atomization agent, the ash atomization agent having the property of atomizing and holding the ash on the particulate filter in the state where a concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gas which flows into the particulate filter is lowered and a temperature of the particulate filter is raised and of releasing the held atomized ash in the state where the exhaust gas which flows into the particulate filter under an oxidizing atmosphere contains SOx, andash atomization processing which renders the state of the particulate filter a state where the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gas which flows into the particulate filter is lowered and the temperature of the particulate filter is raised to remove ash from the particulate filter, is temporarily performed.2. An exhaust purification system for an internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the ash atomization agent has an acid strength which is higher than the acid strength of sulfurous acid and lower than the acid strength of sulfuric acid.3. An exhaust purification ...

PARTICULATE FILTER

A wall flow type particulate filter () adapted to be arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine in which combustion is performed in an excess of oxygen carries a solid acid. The solid acid has an acid strength which is higher than the acid strength of sulfurous acid and lower than the acid strength of sulfuric acid. 1. A wall flow type particulate filter adapted to be arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine in which combustion is performed in an excess of oxygen , for trapping particulate matter in exhaust gas , the particulate filter trapping ash together with the particulate matter , the particulate filter characterized in that the particulate filter carries a solid acid and the solid acid has an acid strength which is higher than the acid strength of sulfurous acid and lower than the acid strength of sulfuric acid.2. A particulate filter as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the acid strength of the solid acid is expressed by one or more parameters selected from a Hammett acidity function claim 1 , hydrogen ion exponent claim 1 , acid dissociation constant claim 1 , and measurement value obtained by the temperature programmed desorption method using ammonia.3. A particulate filter as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the standard state (25° C. claim 1 , 1 atm (10Pa)) claim 1 , the solid acid has a Hammett acidity function smaller than −0.83 and larger than −12.4. A particulate filter as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the solid acid atomizes and holds the ash on the particulate filter in the state where a concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gas which flows into the particulate filter is lowered and a temperature of the particulate filter is raised and releases the held atomized ash in the state where the exhaust gas which flows into the particulate filter under an oxidizing atmosphere contains SOx.5. A particulate filter as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the solid acid is formed from one or more complex oxides which are ...

FUEL CELL SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE FUEL CELL SYSTEM

A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell, a gas-liquid separator, a drain flow path through which moisture is discharged from the gas-liquid separator, a valve configured to control discharge of the moisture from the gas-liquid separator, and a controller configured to control fuel cell operation and opening and closing of the valve, and determine whether the valve is frozen. Upon receipt of a stop request of the fuel cell during the fuel cell operation, the controller repeatedly determines whether the valve is frozen. If the controller determines that the valve is frozen, it continues the fuel cell operation until it determines that the valve is not frozen. If the controller determines that the valve is not frozen, it executes stop processing of the fuel cell including opening valve processing. 1. A fuel cell system comprising:a fuel cell;a gas-liquid separator configured to separate moisture from anode off gas exhausted from the fuel cell;a drain flow path through which the moisture separated by the gas-liquid separator is discharged from the gas-liquid separator;a valve provided on the drain flow path and configured to control discharge of the moisture from the gas-liquid separator; anda controller configured to control fuel cell operation and opening and closing of the valve, and determine whether the valve is frozen, wherein,upon receipt of a stop request of the fuel cell during the fuel cell operation, the controller repeatedly determines whether the valve is frozen,upon determination that the valve is frozen, the controller continues the fuel cell operation until the controller determines that the valve is not frozen, andupon determination that the valve is not frozen, the controller executes stop processing of the fuel cell including opening valve processing.2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1 , the system further comprising:a supply flow path through which anode gas is supplied to the fuel cell;a circulation flow path connecting the gas-liquid ...

FUEL CELL SYSTEM

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, an anode gas supply system, an anode gas circulatory system, a cathode gas supply-discharge system, a gas-liquid discharge passage, a gas-liquid discharge valve configured to open and close the gas-liquid discharge passage, a flow-rate acquisition portion, and a controlling portion. After the controlling portion instructs the gas-liquid discharge valve to be opened, the controlling portion executes a normal-abnormality determination such that, when a discharge-gas flow rate of anode gas is a predetermined normal reference value or more, the controlling portion determines that the gas-liquid discharge valve is opened normally, and when the discharge-gas flow rate is lower than the normal reference value, the controlling portion determines that the gas-liquid discharge valve is not opened normally. 1. A fuel cell system comprising:a fuel cell;an anode gas supply system configured to supply anode gas to the fuel cell, the anode gas supply system including an anode gas supply passage through which the anode gas flows toward the fuel cell; an anode gas circulation passage through which the anode offgas flows toward the anode gas supply passage, and', 'a gas-liquid separator provided in the anode gas circulation passage and configured to separate liquid water from the anode offgas;, 'an anode gas circulatory system configured to circulate anode offgas discharged from the fuel cell to the anode gas supply passage, the anode gas circulatory system including'} a cathode gas supply passage configured to supply cathode gas to the fuel cell, and', 'a cathode gas discharge passage through which cathode offgas discharged from the fuel cell is discharged to an outside of the fuel cell system;, 'a cathode gas supply-discharge system including'}a gas-liquid discharge passage connected to the gas-liquid separator;a gas-liquid discharge valve provided in the gas-liquid discharge passage and configured to open and close the gas-liquid discharge ...

FUEL CELL VEHICLE AND CONTROL METHOD OF FUEL CELL VEHICLE

A fuel cell vehicle comprises a fuel cell, a power storage device, a drive motor, a temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature of the fuel cell, a detector configured to detect an operation condition of the fuel cell, and a controller. At a start time of the fuel cell, in a case where the temperature of the fuel cell detected by the temperature sensor is below a freezing point, when an output condition of the fuel cell shown by the detected operation condition of the fuel cell continuously corresponds to a predetermined low output condition for a predetermined reference time period or longer, the controller sets a driving state of the fuel cell vehicle to a first driving state that stops power generation of the fuel cell, drives the drive motor by using only the power storage device as a power source and limits a motor output of the drive motor to be equal to or lower than a predetermined first upper limit output. 1. A fuel cell vehicle , comprising:a fuel cell;a power storage device configured to be charged;a drive motor configured to receive electric power supplied from at least one of the fuel cell and the power storage device and to drive the fuel cell vehicle;a temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature of the fuel cell;a detector configured to detect an operation condition of the fuel cell; anda controller configured to control a driving state of the fuel cell vehicle, whereinat a start time of the fuel cell, in a case where the temperature of the fuel cell detected by the temperature sensor is below a freezing point,when an output condition of the fuel cell shown by the detected operation condition of the fuel cell continuously corresponds to a predetermined low output condition for a predetermined reference time period or longer, the controller sets the driving state of the fuel cell vehicle to a first driving state that stops power generation of the fuel cell, drives the drive motor by using only the power storage device as a power ...

DISTANCE-MEASURING IMAGING DEVICE, DISTANCE MEASURING METHOD OF DISTANCE-MEASURING IMAGING DEVICE, AND SOLID-STATE IMAGING DEVICE

A distance-measuring imaging device includes a light source that applies light according to timing of a light emission signal; a solid-state imager that performs, for an object, exposure according to timing of an exposure signal, and generates raw data corresponding to an exposure amount of the exposure; a signal amount comparator that determines a magnitude relationship in signal amount in the raw data; and a distance calculator that generates and outputs a distance signal based on a determination result. The solid-state imager accumulates, in each of different signal accumulation regions for accumulating signals detected in a same pixel, a signal by exposure in an exposure period that differs in exposure signal timing. The signal amount comparator determines the magnitude relationship between the signals accumulated in the signal accumulation regions. The distance calculator calculates the distance to the object using an arithmetic expression selected depending on the determination result. 1. A distance-measuring imaging device comprising:a light source that applies irradiation light a plurality of times according to timing indicated by a light emission signal;a solid-state imager that includes a solid-state imaging element that performs, for an area including an object, exposure to light a plurality of times according to timing indicated by an exposure signal, and generates a signal corresponding to a total exposure amount of the exposure, the solid-state imaging element including a plurality of signal accumulation regions for accumulating signal charges detected in a same pixel, and each of the plurality of signal accumulation regions not being used exclusively to accumulate a signal charge by exposure to reflected light from the object involving only background light different from the irradiation light, but being used to accumulate a signal charge by exposure according to the exposure signal that differs in timing with respect to the light emission signal;a ...

Distance-measuring imaging device

A distance-measuring imaging device includes: a drive controller that outputs a light emission control signal for instructing emission of pulsed light and an exposure control signal for instructing exposure to reflected light; an image capturer that includes a plurality of pixels and outputs an exposure signal of each of the plurality of pixels that has been exposed at a timing of the exposure control signal; a pixel calculator that generates a composite signal with a pixel filter that combines exposure signals of adjacent pixels among the plurality of pixels using a weight coefficient for the exposure signal; and a time-of-flight (TOF) calculator that generates a distance image, based on the composite signal. The pixel calculator includes at least two pixel filters having different composite scale factors, and selects the pixel filter from the at least two pixel filters.

IMAGE CAPTURE DEVICE

Read electrodes are provided to drain signal charge of pixels from photoelectric conversion units provided in the pixels separately to a vertical transfer unit. During a first exposure period during which an object is illuminated with infrared light, signal charge obtained from a first pixel, and signal charge obtained from a second pixel adjacent to the first pixel, are added together in the vertical transfer unit to produce first signal charge. During a second exposure period during which the object is not illuminated with infrared light, signal charge obtained from the first pixel, and signal charge obtained from the second pixel adjacent to the first pixel, are transferred without being added to the first signal charge in the vertical transfer unit, and are added together in another packet to produce second signal charge. 2. The image capture device of claim 1 , whereinthe first and second pixels alternate in each row, andthe signal charge from the first pixel and the signal charge from the second pixel are added together, the first and second pixels being adjacent to each other in the vertical direction.3. The image capture device of claim 2 , whereinafter signal charge is read from the first pixel, the signal charge is vertically transferred by one pixel, and the signal charge is read from the second pixel, so that the signal charge from the first pixel and the signal charge from the second pixel are added together.4. The image capture device of claim 2 , whereina distance between the read electrode of the first pixel and the read electrode of the second pixel is smaller than one pixel interval, so that the signal charge is simultaneously read into a single packet.6. The image capture device of claim 5 , whereinthe signal charge is read from the first and the second pixels into a single packet through the read electrode common to the first and second pixels.7. The image capture device of claim 5 , whereinthe signal charge is read from the first and the second ...

Voltage Control Device for Fuel-Cell Vehicle

Provided is a voltage control device of a fuel-cell vehicle capable of securing good acceleration responsiveness while suppressing battery deterioration even when a vehicle acceleration request is made in the situation where the output from a battery is restricted. When determining that electric power suppliable from a secondary battery to an air compressor is less than a lower limit of an acceleration maintaining-electric power of the air compressor, a voltage control device of a fuel-cell vehicle maintains a state where electric power generated by a fuel cell is consumed by an electric power drive, and supplies the electric power consumed by the electric power drive to the air compressor when a vehicle acceleration request is made. 1. A voltage control device for a fuel-cell vehicle including a fuel cell and a secondary battery as a power supply source for a drive motor that drives the vehicle , the voltage control device comprising:an air compressor configured to supply air to the fuel cell; anda control unit configured to control electric power generated by the fuel cell, whereinwhen the control unit determines that electric power suppliable from the secondary battery to the air compressor is less than a lower limit of an acceleration maintaining-electric power of the air compressor, the control unit maintains a state where the electric power generated by the fuel cell is consumed by an electric power drive provided in the vehicle, and supplies the electric power to be consumed by the electric power drive to the air compressor when a vehicle acceleration request is made.2. The voltage control device for a fuel-cell vehicle according to claim 1 , whereinthe electric power drive is an auxiliary machine, andthe control unit is configured to reduce electric power consumption of the auxiliary machine and supply an amount of electric power corresponding to an amount of reduction of the electric power consumption to the air compressor so as to accelerate the air ...

IMAGE-CAPTURING DEVICE AND DRIVE METHOD THEREFOR

An image-capturing device includes an infrared light source configured to emit infrared light, and a solid-state image-capturing device including a plurality of first pixels configured to convert visible light into signal charge and a plurality of second pixels configured to convert infrared light into signal charge, the plurality of first pixels and the plurality of second pixels being arranged on a semiconductor substrate in a matrix. The solid-state image-capturing device outputs, during the same single frame scanning period, a first signal obtained from the plurality of first pixels, a second signal obtained from the plurality of second pixels during a period of time when the infrared light is emitted, and a third signal obtained from the plurality of second pixels during a period of time when the infrared light is not emitted. 1. An image-capturing device comprising:an infrared light source configured to emit infrared light;a solid-state image-capturing device including a plurality of pixels configured to convert light into signal charge, the plurality of pixels being arranged on a semiconductor substrate in a matrix; anda signal processing unit configured to process an output signal from the solid-state image-capturing device, whereinthe image-capturing device functions as a TOF ranging sensor configured to illuminate a space including an object with the infrared light emitted in a pulsed form,the signal processing unit is configured tosubtract a background signal from a plurality of signals, the background signal being the output signal during a period of time when the infrared light is not emitted, and the plurality of signals being respectively the output signal during different periods of time when the infrared light is emitted,calculate a distance to the object based on a ratio of the plurality of signals after subtracting the background signal, andproduce image by subtracting the background signal from the plurality of signals.2. The image-capturing ...

IMAGING DEVICE AND SOLID-STATE IMAGING ELEMENT AND IMAGING METHOD USED THEREIN

An imaging device includes: a light source emitting light based on a first pulse; a solid-state imaging element including pixel units and exposing the light based on a second pulse; and a signal processor. Each pixel unit includes a photoelectric converter and charge accumulating units, and generates first to third signal charges by first to third exposure processes in this order to be accumulated in the charge accumulating units. Each of the first and third exposure processes is based on the second pulse delayed from the first pulse by a first period, and the second exposure process is based on the second pulse delayed from the first pulse by a second period. A total period of the first and third exposure processes is equal to that of the second exposure process. The signal processor calculates a distance signal for each pixel unit by using the first to third signal charges. 2. The imaging device according to claim 1 , whereinin each of the pixel units, the signal charge further includes fourth signal charge obtained by a fourth exposure process in which the second pulse is generated without generating the first pulse, the fourth signal charge being accumulated in a charge accumulating unit different from the different charge accumulating units accumulating the first signal charge, the second signal charge, and the third signal charge among the plurality of charge accumulating units.3. The imaging device according to claim 2 , whereinan exposure time period of the fourth exposure process is equal to the exposure time period of the second exposure process.4. The imaging device according to claim 1 , whereina pulse width of the first pulse is equal to a pulse width of the second pulse,in the first exposure process, each of a number of the first pulses and a number of the second pulses is m1, where m1 is an integer,in the second exposure process, each of a number of the first pulses and a number of the second pulses is m2, where m2 is an integer greater than m1,in the ...

EXHAUST PURIFICATION SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

A wall flow type particulate filter is arranged inside the exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine where combustion is performed under an excess of oxygen. The particulate filter carries a solid acid. The solid acid has an acid strength which is higher than the acid strength of sulfurous acid and lower than the acid strength of sulfuric acid. To remove the ash from the particulate filter, ash atomization processing for rendering the state of the particulate filter a state where the exhaust gas which flows into the particulate filter is lowered in concentration of oxygen and the particulate filter is raised in temperature is temporarily performed. 1. An exhaust purification system for an internal combustion engine in which fuel is burned under an oxygen excess , in which a wall flow type particulate filter for trapping particulate matter in the exhaust gas is arranged inside of an exhaust passage , and in which ash is trapped along with particulate matter by the particulate filter , the particulate filter carries a solid acid, the solid acid having an acid strength which is higher than the acid strength of sulfurous acid and lower than the acid strength of sulfuric acid, and', 'ash atomization processing, which renders the state of the particulate filter a state where the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gas which flows into the particulate filter is lowered and the temperature of the particulate filter is raised to remove ash from the particulate filter, is temporarily performed., 'the exhaust purification system wherein'}2. An exhaust purification system for an internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the acid strength of the solid acid is expressed by one or more parameters selected from a Hammett acidity function claim 1 , hydrogen ion exponent claim 1 , acid dissociation constant claim 1 , and measurement value obtained by the temperature programmed desorption method using ammonia.3. An exhaust purification system for an ...

FUEL CELL VEHICLE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE SAME

In a fuel cell vehicle, when temperature of a power storage device detected by a temperature sensor is a second temperature, which is lower than a predetermined first temperature, at least in a period when the power storage device is allowed to be charged with regenerative electric power, remaining charge is controlled by setting a lower limit to a value higher than a lower limit set at the first temperature. When a stop instruction for a fuel cell system is input, remaining charge raising processing for raising the remaining charge of the power storage device is performed. 1. A fuel cell vehicle comprising:a fuel cell system including a fuel cell and fuel cell auxiliary machinery;a drive motor configured to drive the fuel cell vehicle;a power storage device configured to be charged with electric power generated by the fuel cell and regenerative electric power generated by the drive motor, and to store electric power to supply to the drive motor;a remaining charge monitor configured to detect remaining charge of the power storage device;a temperature sensor configured to detect temperature of the power storage device; anda power controller configured to control an operation state of the fuel cell system while controlling the remaining charge of the power storage device to be equal to or higher than a predetermined lower limit,wherein when the temperature of the power storage device detected by the temperature sensor is a second temperature, which is lower than a predetermined first temperature, at least in a period when the power storage device is allowed to be charged with the regenerative electric power, the power controller controls the remaining charge by setting the lower limit to a value higher than the lower limit set at the first temperature, andwherein when a stop instruction for the fuel cell system is input, the power controller performs a remaining charge raising processing for raising the remaining charge of the power storage device.2. The fuel cell ...

IMAGING DEVICE, A SOLID-STATE IMAGING DEVICE FOR USE IN THE IMAGING DEVICE

Each of pixels disposed in a matrix form on a substrate includes a photoelectric conversion unit that converts incident light into a signal charge, a reading electrode that reads the signal charge from the photoelectric conversion unit, and a vertical transfer electrode that constitutes a vertical transfer unit. A plurality of first pixels, and a plurality of second pixels disposed adjacent to the first pixels are alternately disposed for each row, and also alternately disposed for each column to form a checkered pattern. The reading electrode of each of the pixels is disposed such that a plurality of signal charges read from the identical photoelectric conversion unit contain a dark current generated under the common reading electrode. 1. An imaging device comprisinga solid-state imaging device that includes pixels disposed in a matrix formed on a substrate and receives incident light containing infrared light,whereineach of the pixels includes a photoelectric conversion unit that converts the incident light into a signal charge, a reading electrode that reads the signal charge from the photoelectric conversion unit, and at least one vertical transfer electrode that constitutes a vertical transfer unit,the pixels include first pixels and second pixels disposed adjacent to the first pixels, the first pixels and the second pixels being alternately disposed for each row and alternately disposed for each column such that centers of gravity of the pixels after addition are located in a checkered pattern, andthe reading electrode of each of the pixels is disposed such that a plurality of signal charges read from an identical photoelectric conversion unit contain a dark current generated under a common reading electrode.2. The imaging device according to claim 1 , whereinthe reading electrodes associated with the first and second pixels are disposed in a line in a column direction in each of the columns, and are shifted to an upper side or a lower side in a row direction ...

SOLID-STATE IMAGING DEVICE, IMAGING APPARATUS, AND METHOD FOR DRIVING THE SAME

Provided are an imaging apparatus with reduced variations in ranging results and increased ranging precision, and its driving method. The imaging apparatus includes a near-infrared light source and a solid-state imaging device. The solid-state imaging device includes a photoelectric conversion region in which a plurality of photoelectric converters is arranged in a matrix, a plurality of vertical transfer units for transferring signal charges generated in the photoelectric converters in a direction perpendicular to a row direction of the photoelectric conversion region, a plurality of horizontal transfer units for transferring the signal charges in a direction horizontal to the row direction of the photoelectric conversion region, and a plurality of charge detectors for amplifying and outputting the signal charges. In one frame scanning period, a plurality of signal charges generated in one of the plurality of photoelectric converters is individually output from an identical one of the plurality of charge detectors. 1. A solid-state imaging device for use in an imaging apparatus that comprises a near-infrared light source for emitting near-infrared light to a subject , and the solid-state imaging device for receiving incident light from the subject , the solid-state imaging device comprising:a photoelectric conversion region in which a plurality of photoelectric converters is arranged in a matrix;a plurality of vertical transfer units for transferring signal charges generated in each of the plurality of photoelectric converters, in a direction perpendicular to a row direction of the photoelectric conversion region;a plurality of horizontal transfer units for transferring the signal charges in a direction horizontal to the row direction of the photoelectric conversion region; anda plurality of charge detectors for amplifying and outputting the signal charges,wherein, in one frame scanning period, a plurality of signal charges generated in one of the plurality of ...

FUEL CELL SYSTEM

A control unit comprised in a fuel cell system is configured to perform prediction of whether a required output for a motor generator has a positive value and determination of whether a voltage of a fuel cell is less than a target voltage during execution of an auxiliary machine power consumption, and is configured to set a bypass valve to a first degree of opening during execution of the auxiliary machine power consumption when a result of at least one of the prediction and the determination is negative, and is configured to set the bypass valve to a second degree of opening less than the first degree of opening during execution of the auxiliary machine power consumption when results of both the prediction and the determination are positive. 1. A fuel cell system comprising:a fuel cell;a secondary battery;a motor generator configured to charge the secondary battery with a regenerative power, the motor generator being driven with electric power from at least one of the fuel cell and the secondary battery;an air compressor configured to generate compressed air, the air compressor being driven with electric power from at least one of the fuel cell and the regenerative power;a supply passage configured to supply the compressed air to the fuel cell;a discharge passage configured to discharge the compressed air from the fuel cell;a bypass passage configured to connect the supply passage and the discharge passage;a bypass valve disposed in the bypass passage; anda control unit configured to perform auxiliary machine power consumption of supplying at least a part of the regenerative power to the air compressor upon satisfaction of a necessary condition that charging of the secondary battery is limited when the fuel cell does not generate electric power and the regenerative power is generated,wherein the control unit is configured to perform prediction of whether a required output for the motor generator has a positive value and determination of whether a voltage of the ...

FUEL CELL SYSTEM AND CONTROL METHOD OF FUEL CELL SYSTEM

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a gas supply unit, an electric power storage device, a remaining capacity monitor, and a control unit. The control unit determines whether the temperature conditions are met, wherein the low temperature conditions include temperature related to a state of the fuel cell being equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold value set, when the control unit determines that the low temperature conditions are met, the control unit executes the purging process so as to discharge more of moisture stored in the fuel cell to an outside of the fuel cell, as compared with when the control unit determines that the low temperature conditions are not met, and the control unit executes the charging process with target remaining capacity of the electric power storage device set to a smaller value, as compared with when the control unit determines that the low temperature conditions are not met. 1. A fuel cell system comprising:a fuel cell;a gas supply unit configured to supply gas to the fuel cell;an electric power storage device capable of storing at least electric power generated by the fuel cell;a remaining capacity monitor configured to detect remaining capacity in the electric power storage device; anda control unit configured to execute purging process for purging an inside of the fuel cell with the gas by driving the gas supply unit, and charging process for charging the remaining capacity of the electric power storage device with the power generated by the fuel cell, whereinupon input of stop instruction of the fuel cell system, the control unit determines whether the temperature conditions are met, wherein the low temperature conditions include temperature related to a state of the fuel cell being equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold value set,when the control unit determines that the low temperature conditions are met, the control unit executes the purging process so as to discharge more of moisture stored in the fuel ...

FUEL CELL SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF

A fuel cell system for a vehicle includes: a fuel cell; a plurality of loads that consumes power generated by the fuel cell and includes a vehicle driving motor; a secondary battery configured to be charged with excess power when an amount of power generated by the fuel cell is greater than an amount of power consumed by the loads and to discharge shortage power when the amount of power generated by the fuel cell is less than the amount of power consumed by the loads; and a control unit configured to control the amount of power generated by the fuel cell such that an amount of charging-discharging power of the secondary battery is maintained at a predetermined value. 1. A fuel cell system for a vehicle comprising:a fuel cell;a plurality of loads that consumes power generated by the fuel cell and includes a vehicle driving motor;a secondary battery configured to be charged with excess power when an amount of power generated by the fuel cell is greater than an amount of power consumed by the loads and to discharge shortage power when the amount of power generated by the fuel cell is less than the amount of power consumed by the loads; anda control unit configured to control the amount of power generated by the fuel cell such that an amount of charging-discharging power of the secondary battery is maintained at a predetermined value,wherein the control unit is configured to estimate a consumed power value using a transfer function from a command power value for each of the loads, andwherein the control unit is configured to determine a command power value of the fuel cell by dividing a resultant value by a first transfer function of the fuel cell, the resultant value being obtained by subtracting a command power value of the secondary battery from a sum of the consumed power values estimated for the loads.2. The fuel cell system for a vehicle according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to compare an actual consumed power value of the motor with the ...

SOLID-STATE IMAGING DEVICE AND IMAGING APPARATUS INCLUDING SAME

A solid-state imaging device includes: a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix on a semiconductor substrate, wherein each of the plurality of pixels includes: a photoelectric converter that converts received light into a signal charge; a plurality of read gates that each read the signal charge from the photoelectric converter; a plurality of charge accumulators that each accumulate the signal charge read by any one of the plurality of read gates; and a charge holder that receives, from one of the plurality of charge accumulators, transfer of the signal charge accumulated in the charge accumulator, holds the signal charge, and transfers, to one of the plurality of charge accumulators, the signal charge held. 1. A solid-state imaging device , comprising:a pixel on a semiconductor substrate,wherein the pixel includes:a photoelectric converter that converts received light into a signal charge;a plurality of read gates that each read the signal charge from the photoelectric converter;a plurality of charge accumulators that each accumulate the signal charge read by any one of the plurality of read gates; anda charge holder that receives, from one of the plurality of charge accumulators, transfer of the signal charge accumulated in the charge accumulator, holds the signal charge, and transfers, to one of the plurality of charge accumulators, the signal charge held.2. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1 , comprising:a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix, the plurality of pixels each being the pixel,wherein in the plurality of pixels, the signal charge is read from the photoelectric converter in a same direction in a row direction in arrangement of the plurality of pixels.3. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1 ,wherein each of the plurality of charge accumulators includes a part of a transfer channel for transferring the signal charge and a part of a transfer electrode overlapping with the part of the transfer channel in a planar view ...

SOLID-STATE IMAGING DEVICE AND IMAGING DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME

A solid-state imaging device includes pixels arranged in matrix form, each including a photoelectric converter and first transfer electrodes, and control lines connected to mutually-corresponding ones of the first transfer electrodes in pixels arranged in a specific row. The pixels include first pixels that receive visible light and second pixels that receive infrared light. Each of floating diffusion layer-including pixels, which are some of the plurality of pixels, further includes a floating diffusion layer and a readout circuit. Each floating diffusion layer-lacking pixel shares the floating diffusion layer with one of the first pixels arranged in a column direction. At least some of the control lines are further connected to the first transfer electrodes of pixels arranged adjacent in the column direction to respective ones of the pixels arranged in the specific row and that share at least one of the floating diffusion layers. 1. A solid-state imaging device , comprising:a plurality of pixels, each including a photoelectric converter that converts received light into a signal charge, and a first transfer electrode that accumulates and transfers the signal charge read out from the photoelectric converter; anda control line connected in common to the first transfer electrodes of pixels arranged in a row direction,wherein the plurality of pixels which are arranged in matrix form include a plurality of first pixels that receive visible light and a plurality of second pixels that receive infrared light,one or more of the plurality of pixels are floating diffusion layer-including pixels having a floating diffusion layer that accumulates the transferred signal charge, andthe control line is connected in common to each of the first transfer electrodes of the floating diffusion layer-including pixels and the pixel arranged in a column direction with respect to the floating diffusion layer-including pixel and sharing the floating diffusion layer with the floating ...

SOLID-STATE IMAGING DEVICE AND IMAGING DEVICE PROVIDED WITH SAME

A solid-state imaging device includes a plurality of pixels arranged in matrix form, each pixel including a photoelectric converter and a plurality of first transfer electrodes, and a plurality of control lines connected to mutually-corresponding ones of the first transfer electrodes in a plurality of pixels arranged in a specific row. The plurality of pixels include a plurality of first pixels and second pixels. Each of the first pixels includes a floating diffusion layer and a readout circuit. Each of the second pixels shares the floating diffusion layer with one of the first pixels arranged in a column direction. At least some of the plurality of control lines are further connected to the first transfer electrodes of pixels that are arranged adjacent in the column direction to respective ones of the plurality of pixels arranged in the specific row and that share at least one of the floating diffusion layers. 1. A solid-state imaging device , comprising:a plurality of pixels, each including a photoelectric converter that converts received light into a signal charge, and a first transfer electrode that accumulates and transfers the signal charge read out from the photoelectric converter; anda control line connected in common to the first transfer electrodes of pixels arranged in a row direction,wherein one or more of the plurality of pixels which are arranged in matrix form are floating diffusion layer-including pixels having a floating diffusion layer that accumulates the transferred signal charge, andthe control line is connected in common to each of the first transfer electrodes of the floating diffusion layer-including pixels and the pixel arranged in a column direction with respect to the floating diffusion layer-including pixel and sharing the floating diffusion layer with the floating diffusion layer-including pixel.2. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1 ,wherein each of the plurality of pixels includes a plurality of the first transfer ...

IMAGING DEVICE, AND SOLID-STATE IMAGING ELEMENT USED FOR SAME

An imaging device includes: a light source that applies light at a timing according to a light emission control signal; a light receiver that performs exposure to reflected light from an object at different timings according to an exposure control signal, and outputs exposure signals generated as a result of the exposure; a calculator that calculates a distance to the object; and a controller that outputs the light emission control signal and the exposure control signal for any of: modulating a length of a light emission period and an exposure period by increasing or decreasing the number of pulses of each of the light emission control signal and the exposure control signal; and modulating a repetition sequence of the light emission period and the exposure period while maintaining a phase relationship between the light emission control signal and the exposure control signal, randomly or in conformity with a specific rule. 1. An imaging device that measures a distance to an object by applying light to and receiving reflected light from the object , the imaging device comprising:a controller that outputs a light emission control signal and an exposure control signal;a light source that applies the light at a timing according to the light emission control signal;a light receiver including a solid-state imaging element that performs exposure to the reflected light from the object resulting from the applied light at a plurality of different timings according to the exposure control signal, and outputs a plurality of exposure signals generated as a result of the exposure at the plurality of different timings; anda calculator that receives the plurality of exposure signals and calculates the distance,wherein the controller outputs the light emission control signal and the exposure control signal for any of: modulating a length of a light emission period of the light source and an exposure period of the solid-state imaging element for generating each of the plurality of ...

EXHAUST GAS CONTROL APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

An exhaust gas control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes an addition valve, a tank, a urea water passage, a pump, a nitrogen oxides catalyst, and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to: control the pump, as a first control, such that a specified amount of the urea water stored in the addition valve and the urea water passage is returned to the tank after the internal combustion engine is stopped; control the pump, as a second control, such that the specified amount or more of the urea water in the tank is discharged from the tank to the urea water passage after the first control is executed; and control the pump, as a third control, such that all the urea water stored in the addition valve and the urea water passage is returned to the tank after the second control is executed. 1. An exhaust gas control apparatus for an internal combustion engine , the exhaust gas control apparatus comprising:an addition valve configured to add urea water to an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine;a tank configured to store the urea water;a urea water passage that connects the addition valve and the tank so as to circulate the urea water;a pump configured to circulate the urea water to the urea water passage;a selective reduction-type nitrogen oxides catalyst disposed in a portion of the exhaust passage on a downstream side of the addition valve, the selective reduction-type nitrogen oxides catalyst being configured to purify nitrogen oxides in the exhaust passage using the urea water; andan electronic control unit configured to:(i) control the pump, as a first control, such that a specified amount of the urea water stored in the addition valve and the urea water passage is returned to the tank after the internal combustion engine is stopped;(ii) control the pump, as a second control, such that the specified amount or more of the urea water in the tank is discharged from the tank to the urea water passage after the ...

EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

An object is to prevent abrasion inside an addition valve and clogging of the addition valve due to an increase in the particle diameter of precipitates. A first control is performed by which a pump is caused to operate in such a way as to return urea solution contained in the addition valve and a urea solution channel to a tank by a predetermined quantity. After the lapse of a certain time after the end of the first control, a second control is performed by which the pump is caused to operate in such a way as to return the urea solution remaining in the addition valve and the urea solution channel thoroughly to the tank. 1. An exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine comprising:an addition valve configured to supply urea solution into an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine;a tank configured to contain urea solution;a urea solution channel configured to connect said addition valve and said tank, through which urea solution flows;a pump configured to cause urea solution to flow in the urea solution channel;a selective catalytic reduction NOx catalyst provided in the exhaust passage downstream of said addition valve and configured to remove NOx using urea solution; anda controller configured to perform, after said internal combustion engine is stopped, a first control by which said pump is caused to operate in such a way as to return urea solution contained in said addition valve and said urea solution channel to said tank by a predetermined quantity and to stop thereafter and to perform a second control by which said pump is caused to operate in such a way as to return urea solution remaining in said addition valve and said urea solution channel thoroughly to said tank, after the lapse of a certain time after the end of the first control.2. An exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , wherein said controller further configured to perform said first control on condition that the ...

GAS ANALYSIS DEVICE

A gas analysis device includes: a light emitter that irradiates, with a measurement beam, a gas flowing in piping; a processor that analyzes components contained in the gas based on an absorption spectrum of the measurement beam passing through the gas; a probe that covers the optical path of the measurement beam; and a window through which the measurement beam passes and that blocks off a hollow portion of the probe from the gas. 1. A gas analysis device comprising:a light emitter that irradiates, with a measurement beam, a gas flowing in piping;a processor that analyzes components contained in the gas based on an absorption spectrum of the measurement beam passing through the gas;a probe that covers the optical path of the measurement beam; anda window through which the measurement beam passes and that blocks off a hollow portion of the probe from the gas.2. The gas analysis device according to claim 1 , whereinthe window separates a space in the probe from a space in the piping, andthe gas analysis device further comprises a cooler that circulates coolant to the space in the probe.3. The gas analysis device according to claim 1 , whereinthe window separates a space in the probe from a space in the piping, andthe gas analysis device further comprises an insulator that provides a vacuum to the space in the probe.4. The gas analysis device according to claim 1 , wherein the probe is composed of ceramic.5. The gas analysis device according to claim 1 , further comprising:a reflector that reflects the measurement beam,wherein the reflector is disposed at a predetermined distance from the window, andwherein a measurement region through which the gas flows is defined between the window and the reflector.6. The gas analysis device according to claim 5 , wherein a portion of the probe including the measurement region comprises a porous material through which the gas passes.7. A gas analysis device comprising:a light emitter that irradiates, with a measurement beam, a gas ...

FUEL CELL CONTROL DEVICE, CONTROL METHOD THEREOF, AND FUEL CELL VEHICLE

Under a condition that a command to stop a fuel cell system is received and a state of charge of a secondary battery is equal to or lower than a threshold which is a value obtained by adding a first predetermined value to a lower limit at which electric power required to stop and start the fuel cell system is supplied, forced charging of the secondary battery by a fuel cell is performed until the state of charge reaches the threshold. After the forced charging is performed, in a case where the command to stop the fuel cell system is received within a predetermined period, the controller sets the threshold to a value obtained by adding a second predetermined value lower than the first predetermined value to the lower limit under the condition. 1. A fuel cell control device comprising:a fuel cell system having a fuel cell and a secondary battery; anda controller configured to control the fuel cell system, wherein:the controller determines whether or not a state of charge of the secondary battery is equal to or lower than a threshold which is a value obtained by adding a first predetermined value to a lower limit at which electric power required to stop and start the fuel cell system is supplied;in a case where the controller receives a command to stop the fuel cell system and determines that the state of charge of the secondary battery is equal to or lower than the threshold, the controller controls the fuel cell system to perform forced charging of the secondary battery by the fuel cell until the state of charge reaches the threshold;the controller stops the fuel cell system after the forced charging is performed; andafter the fuel cell system is stopped, in a case where (i) the fuel cell system is started based on a request for starting the fuel cell system within a predetermined period and (ii) the controller receives the command to stop the fuel cell system within the predetermined period, the controller sets the threshold to a value obtained by adding a second ...

SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS APPARATUS

A spectroscopic analysis apparatus includes a laser light source that emits laser light, of which wavelength changes, toward a reflector inside a probe, the probe being configured to be disposed in a flow passage of a measurement target fluid, a light receiver that receives the laser light reflected by the reflector, and a controller that analyzes the measurement target fluid using a result of reception acquired by the light receiver and controlling the laser light source. The controller controls the laser light source to perform at least one scan of the laser light, the controller controlling the laser light source such that a scanning time of the laser light is equal to or shorter than a light-receivable time of the laser, the scanning time being a time to scan the laser light emitted from the laser light source in a certain wavelength range, the light-receivable time being a time in which the laser light reflected by the reflector can be received by the light receiver. 1. A spectroscopic analysis apparatus comprising:a laser light source that emits laser light, of which wavelength changes, toward a reflector inside a probe, the probe being configured to be disposed in a flow passage of a measurement target fluid;a light receiver that receives the laser light reflected by the reflector; anda controller that analyzes the measurement target fluid using a result of reception acquired by the light receiver, the controller being configured to control the laser light source,wherein the controller controls the laser light source to perform at least one scan of the laser light, the controller controlling the laser light source such that a scanning time of the laser light is equal to or shorter than a light-receivable time of the laser, the scanning time being a time to scan the laser light emitted from the laser light source in a certain wavelength range, the light-receivable time being a time in which the laser light reflected by the reflector can be received by the ...

FUEL CELL SYSTEM

A fuel cell system installed in a vehicle, the system comprising: a fuel cell, a secondary cell, a temperature acquirer for acquiring a temperature of the fuel cell, a state-of-charge value acquirer for acquiring a state-of-charge-value of the secondary cell, an outside temperature acquirer for acquiring an outside temperature, an outside pressure acquirer for acquiring an outside pressure, and a controller for controlling power of the secondary cell, wherein, when the temperature of the fuel cell exceeds a predetermined temperature, when the state-of-charge value of the secondary cell is a predetermined threshold value or more, when the outside temperature is a predetermined temperature or more, and when the outside pressure is a predetermined pressure or less, the controller increases the power of the secondary cell larger than power required of the secondary cell for normal running of the vehicle. 1. A fuel cell system installed in a vehicle , the system comprising:a fuel cell,a secondary cell,a temperature acquirer for acquiring a temperature of the fuel cell,a state-of-charge value acquirer for acquiring a state-of-charge-value of the secondary cell,an outside temperature acquirer for acquiring an outside temperature,an outside pressure acquirer for acquiring an outside pressure, anda controller for controlling power of the secondary cell,wherein, when the temperature of the fuel cell exceeds a predetermined temperature, when the state-of-charge value of the secondary cell is a predetermined threshold value or more, when the outside temperature is a predetermined temperature or more, and when the outside pressure is a predetermined pressure or less, the controller increases the power of the secondary cell larger than power required of the secondary cell for normal running of the vehicle.2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1 , wherein the controller determines the power of the secondary cell so that the temperature of the fuel cell reaches the ...

EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

An object of the present invention is to appropriately remove, from an exhaust gas, HC, CO, and ammonia flowing out from a filter (SCRF) on which an SCR catalyst is carried. In the present invention, a post-catalyst is provided for an exhaust gas passage of an internal combustion engine on a downstream side from SCRF along with a flow of the exhaust gas. The post-catalyst is constructed to include an adsorption reduction part which adsorbs ammonia and which reduces NOx by using ammonia as a reducing agent, a first oxidation part which oxidizes ammonia, and a second oxidation part which oxidizes HO and CO. 1. An exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine , comprising:a filter which is provided for an exhaust gas passage of the internal combustion engine and which traps particulate matter contained in an exhaust gas, the filter including a selective catalytic reduction NOx catalyst carried thereon for reducing NOx contained in the exhaust gas by using ammonia as a reducing agent;an ammonia supply device configured to supply ammonia or an ammonia precursor to the filter; anda post-catalyst which is provided for the exhaust gas passage on a downstream side from the filter, wherein the post-catalyst is constructed to include:an adsorption reduction part which has a function to adsorb ammonia and a function to reduce NOx by using ammonia as the reducing agent;a first oxidation part which is positioned on a downstream side from the adsorption reduction part along with a flow of the exhaust gas and which has a function to oxidize ammonia; anda second oxidation part which is positioned on a downstream side from the adsorption reduction part and the first oxidation part along with the flow of the exhaust gas, which has an oxidation ability higher than that of the first oxidation part, and which has a function to oxidize HC and CO.2. The exhaust gas purification apparatus for the internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , wherein the adsorption ...

EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

An object of the present invention is to suppress HC, CO, and NOx from being discharged to the outside when a filter regeneration process is executed in an exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine provided with a filter including an SCR catalyst carried thereon. In the present invention, a post-catalyst is provided for an exhaust gas passage disposed on a downstream side from the filter. The post-catalyst has an oxidizing function, and the post-catalyst has such a function that the production of Nbased on the oxidation of ammonia is facilitated in a predetermined first temperature area. Further, when the filter regeneration process is executed, the temperature of the post-catalyst is adjusted to be in the first temperature area while adjusting the temperature of the filter to be in a predetermined second temperature area lower than a filter regeneration temperature during a certain period of time. 1. An exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine , comprising:a pre-catalyst which is provided for an exhaust gas passage of the internal combustion engine and which has an oxidizing function;a fuel supply device which supplies fuel to the pre-catalyst;a filter which is provided for the exhaust gas passage on a downstream side from the pre-catalyst and which traps particulate matter contained in an exhaust gas, the filter including a selective catalytic reduction NOx catalyst carried thereon for reducing NOx contained in the exhaust gas by using ammonia as a reducing agent;an ammonia supply device configured to supply ammonia or an ammonia precursor to the filter;{'sub': '2', 'a post-catalyst which is provided for the exhaust gas passage on a downstream side from the filter, which has an oxidizing function, and which has such a function that production of Nbased on oxidization of ammonia is facilitated in a predetermined first temperature area; and'}a filter regeneration process execution unit configured to execute a filter ...

FUEL CELL SYSTEM MOUNTED ON VEHICLE AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF

A fuel cell system mounted on a vehicle comprises a fuel cell; a secondary battery; a drive motor configured to serve as a motor to generate a driving force and as a generator to generate regenerative power; an auxiliary machine configured to consume the regenerative power; an accelerator pedal sensor; a shift position sensor; a vehicle speed sensor; and a controller. The controller determines that the vehicle is in a first state when the vehicle has a negative vehicle speed, a move forward request is given to the vehicle and an accelerator pedal is depressed or when the vehicle has a positive vehicle speed, the move backward request is given to the vehicle and the accelerator pedal is depressed. When a predetermined first condition including a condition that the vehicle is in the first state is satisfied, the controller performs an auxiliary machine consumption process that causes the auxiliary machine to consume the regenerative power that includes a required power for the drive motor calculated by using a depression amount of the accelerator pedal. 1. A fuel cell system mounted on a vehicle , comprising:a fuel cell;a secondary battery connected in parallel with the fuel cell;a drive motor configured to serve as a motor to generate a driving force by using electric power from at least one of the fuel cell and the secondary battery and as a generator to generate regenerative power that is usable to charge the secondary battery;an auxiliary machine configured to consume the regenerative power;an accelerator pedal sensor configured to detect a depression amount of an accelerator pedal provided in the vehicle;a shift position sensor configured to detect a move forward request and a move backward request that is given to the vehicle;a vehicle speed sensor configured to detect a vehicle speed of the vehicle; anda controller configured to cause the regenerative power to be consumed by the auxiliary machine, whereinthe controller determines that the vehicle is in a first ...

SOLID-STATE IMAGING DEVICE AND DISTANCE-MEASURING IMAGING DEVICE

A solid-state imaging device includes: an imager including pixels arranged in rows and columns; vertical transfer portions in one-to-one correspondence with columns of the pixels, each of which includes a readout electrode that reads out signal charges generated in the pixels and a transfer electrode that transfers the read-out signal charges in the column direction; and a horizontal transfer portion which transfers, in the row direction, the signal charges transferred by the vertical transfer portions, and outputs the signal charges. The imager is formed by alternately disposing, in the column direction, a first row in which visible light pixels each including a first photoelectric converter that converts visible light into signal charges are arranged adjacent in the row direction and a second row in which infrared light pixels each including a second photoelectric converter that converts infrared light into signal charges are arranged adjacent in the row direction. 1. A solid-state imaging device , comprising:an imager including a plurality of pixels arranged in rows and columns, wherein visible light pixels each including a first photoelectric converter which converts light in an entire wavelength range of visible light into a signal charge in order to generate a visible image; and', 'infrared light pixels each including a second photoelectric converter which converts infrared light into a signal charge in order to generate an infrared light image and a distance image indicating a time-of-flight (TOF) distance to a subject., 'the imager includes2. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1 , whereinthe imager is formed by alternately disposing a first row and a second row in a column direction, the first row being a row in which the visible light pixels are arranged adjacent to each other in a row direction, the second row being a row in which the infrared light pixels are arranged adjacent to each other in the row direction.3. The solid-state imaging ...

VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH A POWER GENERATOR AND A METHOD FOR CONTROLLING POWER GENERATION OF THE POWER GENERATOR ON THE VEHICLE

A power generation amount of a power generator disposed on a vehicle is appropriately controlled by ordering the power generator a required power generation amount so as to control the power generator, driving a drive motor configured to drive a driving wheel of the vehicle using at least part of electric power generated by the power generator according to the required power generation amount, storing at least part of surplus power left in the electric power generated by the power generator in a storage device, detecting a slip of the driving wheel, and, executing reduction processing of a power generation amount for further reducing a required power generation amount that reflects a reduction amount of the electric power for driving the drive motor due to the slip of the driving wheel, if the detected extent of the slip is larger than a predetermined threshold. 1. A vehicle comprising:a power generator configured to generate electric power using fuel;a power generation controller configured to order the power generator a required power generation amount so as to control the power generator;a drive motor driven by at least part of the electric power generated by the power generator and configured to drive a driving wheel of the vehicle;a storage device configured to store surplus power left in the electric power generated by the power generator; anda slip detector configured to detect an extent of a slip of the driving wheel, wherein,the power generation controller executes reduction processing of a power generation amount for further reducing a required power generation amount that reflects a reduction amount of the electric power for driving the drive motor due to the slip of the driving wheel, when the detected extent of the slip is larger than a predetermined threshold.2. The vehicle according to claim 1 ,wherein the power generation controller calculates the reduction amount of the electric power required to drive the drive motor according to the detected ...

EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

In an exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine provided with a filter supporting an SCR catalyst, the present invention is intended to suppress HC and CO from being discharged to the outside at the time of the execution of filter regeneration processing, and to carry out the filter regeneration processing in an efficient manner. In the present invention, a post-catalyst having an oxidation function is arranged in an exhaust passage at the downstream side of the filter. Then, when the temperature of the post-catalyst is lower than a predetermined activation temperature at the time the execution of the filter regeneration processing is requested, the temperature of the post-catalyst is raised by carrying out control of raising the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine, and control increasing the flow rate of the exhaust gas, before the execution of the filter regeneration processing. 1. An exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine comprising:a pre-catalyst that is arranged in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine and has an oxidation function;a fuel supply device that supplies configured to supply fuel to said pre-catalyst;a filter that is arranged in the exhaust passage at a location downstream of said pre-catalyst for trapping particulate matter in exhaust gas, and supports thereon an NOx selective reduction catalyst which serves to reduce NOx in the exhaust gas by using ammonia as a reducing agent;an ammonia supply device that supplies configured to supply ammonia or a precursor of ammonia to said filter;a post-catalyst that is arranged in the exhaust passage at a location downstream of said filter, and has an oxidation function; anda filter regeneration processing execution unit that carried configured to carry out filter regeneration processing in which fuel is supplied from said fuel supply device to said pre-catalyst thereby to raise the temperature of said ...

SOLID-STATE IMAGING APPARATUS AND IMAGING APPARATUS

A solid-state imaging apparatus includes a plurality of high-sensitivity pixels that are arranged in a matrix, and perform a photoelectric conversion at a predetermined sensitivity; a plurality of low-sensitivity pixels that are arranged in a matrix in gaps between the plurality of high-sensitivity pixels, and perform a photoelectric conversion at a lower sensitivity than the predetermined sensitivity; and a signal processor that generates a pixel signal by (i) detecting a difference signal between a signal from the plurality of high-sensitivity pixels and a signal from the plurality of low-sensitivity pixels, and (ii) correcting the signal from the plurality of high-sensitivity pixels using the difference signal. 1. A solid-state imaging apparatus , comprising:a plurality of high-sensitivity pixels that are arranged in a matrix, and perform a photoelectric conversion at a predetermined sensitivity;a plurality of low-sensitivity pixels that are arranged in a matrix in gaps between the plurality of high-sensitivity pixels, and perform a photoelectric conversion at a lower sensitivity than the predetermined sensitivity; anda signal processor that generates a pixel signal by (i) detecting a difference signal between a signal from the plurality of high-sensitivity pixels and a signal from the plurality of low-sensitivity pixels, and (ii) correcting the signal from the plurality of high-sensitivity pixels using the difference signal.2. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe plurality of high-sensitivity pixels are exposed in parallel with the plurality of low-sensitivity pixels, andan exposure time of the plurality of low-sensitivity pixels is longer than an exposure time of the plurality of high-sensitivity pixels, shorter than one vertical synchronization period, and longer than a predetermined flicker cycle.3. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe signal processor adds the difference signal to the signal from ...

SOLID-STATE IMAGING APPARATUS AND IMAGING APPARATUS

A solid-state imaging apparatus includes a pixel array, a column processor, and a test signal generating circuit that generates a first digital signal for testing purposes. The test signal generating circuit generates the first digital signal within one horizontal scanning period. The column processor converts a first analog signal, that is converted from the first digital signal, to a second digital signal within the one horizontal scanning period. 1. A solid-state imaging apparatus , comprising:a pixel array including a plurality of pixel circuits arranged in a matrix;a column processor including a column analog-to-digital converter (ADC) disposed for each column of the plurality of pixel circuits to convert an analog pixel signal to a digital pixel signal; anda test signal generating circuit that generates a first digital signal for testing purposes, whereinthe test signal generating circuit generates the first digital signal within one horizontal scanning period, andthe column processor converts a first analog signal, that is converted from the first digital signal, to a second digital signal within the one horizontal scanning period.2. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe one horizontal scanning period is included in a vertical blanking interval during imaging.3. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe column processor further includesa test circuit having the same internal configuration as the column ADC, andthe first analog signal is supplied to the test circuit as a substitute for the analog pixel signal.4. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:a selector disposed at each column of the plurality of pixel circuits, whereinthe selector selects and outputs one of the analog pixel signal and the first analog signal.5. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 4 , whereinthe selector selects the first analog signal in the one horizontal scanning period ...

EXHAUST EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

In order to suppress ammonia from flowing out during regeneration treatment of a filter carrying an SCR catalyst, the prevent invention provides an exhaust emission control system, of an internal combustion engine, including a first stage catalyst having an oxidation function, a fuel supply device configured to supply fuel to the first stage catalyst, a filter provided in the exhaust passage downstream of the first stage catalyst and carrying a selective redaction type NOx catalyst, an ammonia supply device configured to supply ammonia to the filter, a filter-regeneration-treatment executing unit configured to execute filter regeneration treatment, and a control unit configured to supply, when the filter regeneration treatment is not executed, the ammonia in an amount corresponding to an amount of the NOx emitted from the internal combustion engine, and to supply, when the filter regeneration treatment is executed, the ammonia in an amount corresponding to an amount of the NOx obtained by subtracting, from the amount of the NOx emitted from the internal combustion engine, an amount of the NOx reduced by the fuel which passes through the first stage catalyst. 1. An exhaust emission control system of an internal combustion engine , comprising:a first stage catalyst provided in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine and having an oxidation function;a fuel supply device configured to supply fuel to the first stage catalyst;a filter provided in the exhaust passage downstream of the first stage catalyst and configured to collect particulate matter in exhaust gas, the filter carrying a selective reduction type NOx catalyst that reduces NOx in the exhaust gas using ammonia as a reducing agent;an ammonia supply device configured to supply ammonia or a precursor of the ammonia to the filter;a filter-regeneration-treatment executing unit configured to execute filter regeneration treatment for supplying the fuel from the fuel supply device to the first stage ...

Exhaust Purification System for Internal Combustion Engine

An object of the present invention is to suppress a reduction in a NOpurification ratio accompanying filter regeneration processing in an exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine that includes a filter carrying an SCR catalyst. In the present invention, the temperature of the filter is increased following completion of the filter regeneration processing by increasing the temperature of exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine, and in so doing, HC adhered to the filter is removed.

GAS ANALYSIS DEVICE

A gas analysis device includes a light source configured to emit laser beam to a target gas, a reflection body which reflects the laser beam, a light reception device that receives the laser beam reflected by the reflection body, a container which contains the light source and the light reception device, and an alignment mechanism that includes an insertion member inserted from outside of the container to inside of the container to move, along a plane intersecting with the irradiation direction of the laser beam, at least any one of the light source and the light reception device. 1. A gas analysis device comprising:a light source that emits a laser beam to a target gas;a reflection body that reflects the laser beam;a light reception device that receives the reflected laser beam;a container that contains the light source and the light reception device; andan alignment mechanism that comprises an insertion member inserted from outside of the container to inside of the container and that moves, along a plane intersecting with an irradiation direction of the laser beam, at least one of the light source and the light reception device.2. The gas analysis device according to claim 1 , wherein the alignment mechanism further comprises a floating base that is disposed inside the container and is movable along the plane claim 1 , and the floating base supports the at least one of the light source and the light reception device.3. The gas analysis device according to claim 2 , wherein the alignment mechanism further comprises:an urging mechanism that urges the floating base along the plane; anda push screw member that pushes the floating base along the plane against urging of the urging mechanism,wherein the insertion member comprises a first engagement unit that screws the push screw member.4. The gas analysis device according to claim 3 , wherein the push screw member comprises a groove with which the first engagement unit engages.5. The gas analysis device according to ...

GAS ANALYZER

A gas analyzer includes an optical emitter that irradiates measurement light into a measurement region including a gas to be measured; a reflector that reflects the measurement light irradiated from the optical emitter; an optical receiver that receives the measurement light reflected by the reflector; and an aligner that expands a beam diameter of the measurement light at the reflector. 1. A gas analyzer comprising:an optical emitter that irradiates measurement light into a measurement region including a gas to be measured;a reflector that reflects the measurement light irradiated from the optical emitter;an optical receiver that receives the measurement light reflected by the reflector; andan aligner that expands a beam diameter of the measurement light at the reflector.2. The gas analyzer of claim 1 , wherein the aligner expands the beam diameter of the measurement light to be greater than a width of the reflector in a direction substantially orthogonal to an optical axis of the measurement light.3. The gas analyzer of claim 1 , wherein the aligner comprises an optical lens disposed between the optical emitter and the measurement region and that condenses the measurement light.4. The gas analyzer of claim 3 ,wherein the optical lens is a plano-convex lens,wherein a flat surface of the plano-convex lens faces the optical emitter, andwherein a convex surface of the plano-convex lens faces the measurement region.5. The gas analyzer of claim 3 , wherein the aligner further comprises an alignment mechanism that changes a distance between the optical lens and the optical emitter along an optical axis of the measurement light.6. The gas analyzer of claim 5 ,wherein the alignment mechanism comprises an alignment screw rotatably supported about an axis substantially parallel to the optical axis by a fastener that fixes the optical lens, andwherein one end of the alignment screw is in contact with the optical emitter, and another end of the alignment screw is exposed from ...

GAS ANALYZER

A gas analyzer includes an optical emitter that irradiates measurement light into a measurement region including a measured-gas, a first optical receiver that receives the measurement light passing through the measurement region, a splitting unit between the optical emitter and the measurement region that splits off a portion of the measurement light irradiated from the optical emitter to yield reference light, a reference unit, and an optical component. The reference unit holds a gas containing a measurement target component identical with the measured-gas but at a known concentration and a second optical receiver that receives the reference light passing through the region including the gas. The optical component is disposed between the splitting unit and the region and expands the beam diameter of the reference light to be larger at the second optical receiver than the receiving diameter of the second optical receiver. 1. A gas analyzer comprising:an optical emitter that irradiates measurement light into a measurement region including a measured-gas;a first optical receiver that receives the measurement light after the measurement light passes through the measurement region;a beam splitter disposed between the optical emitter and the measurement region and that splits off a portion of the measurement light irradiated from the optical emitter to yield reference light;a reference unit that holds a gas, containing an identical measurement target component with the measured-gas, at a known concentration, and that comprises a second optical receiver that receives the reference light after the reference light passes through a region of the reference unit; andan optical component disposed between the beam splitter and the region,wherein the optical component expands a beam diameter of the reference light to be larger at the second optical receiver than a receiving diameter of the second optical receiver.2. The gas analyzer of claim 1 , wherein the optical component ...

Image-capturing device and drive method therefor

An image-capturing device includes an infrared light source configured to emit infrared light, and a solid-state image-capturing device including a plurality of first pixels configured to convert visible light into signal charge and a plurality of second pixels configured to convert infrared light into signal charge, the plurality of first pixels and the plurality of second pixels being arranged on a semiconductor substrate in a matrix. The solid-state image-capturing device outputs, during the same single frame scanning period, a first signal obtained from the plurality of first pixels, a second signal obtained from the plurality of second pixels during a period of time when the infrared light is emitted, and a third signal obtained from the plurality of second pixels during a period of time when the infrared light is not emitted.

EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION SYSTEM FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

An exhaust gas purification system comprise a first fuel supply unit to supply fuel to exhaust gas flowing in an exhaust passage by a supply valve arranged in the exhaust passage, and a second fuel supply unit to supply fuel to exhaust gas by adjusting a fuel injection condition wherein in a temperature raising stage of the NOx SCR catalyst associated with the exhaust gas temperature raising processing, first control is performed in which fuel is supplied by the first fuel supply unit, and in a temperature holding stage of the NOx SCR catalyst associated with the exhaust gas temperature raising processing, at least second control is performed in which the ratio of an amount of fuel supply by the second fuel supply unit with respect to an amount of fuel supply by the first fuel supply unit becomes higher in comparison with that when performing the first control. 1. An exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine , comprising:a first fuel supply unit configured to supply fuel to exhaust gas flowing through an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine by means of a supply valve arranged in the exhaust passage;a second fuel supply unit configured to supply fuel to exhaust gas to be discharged to the exhaust passage by adjusting a fuel injection condition for the internal combustion engine;an oxidation catalyst arranged in the exhaust passage on a downstream side of the supply valve and having an oxidation function;an exhaust gas purification device arranged in the exhaust passage on a downstream side of the oxidation catalys, the exhaust gas purification device comprising an exhaust gas purification element having a specific exhaust gas purification capacity and an NOx selective catalytic reduction catalyst to carry out selective reduction of NOx by using ammonia as a reducing agent; anda temperature rise control unit configured to carry out temperature raising processing which raises a temperature of exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust gas ...

FUEL CELL SYSTEM AND CONTROL METHOD

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a plurality of power consuming devices, a secondary battery, a charge-discharge amount sensor, and a controller configured to control operations of the plurality of power consuming devices. An identification section of the controller is configured to execute a variation process of varying the operation command value of one of the plurality of power consuming devices and, in a second case where an absolute value of a difference between an amount of change in the actual amount of charge and discharge and an amount of change in the estimated amount of charge and discharge before and after execution of the variation process is greater than a second threshold, identify the power consuming device, for which the operation command value is varied, as the device to be identified. 1. A fuel cell system that is mounted on a vehicle , the fuel cell system comprising:a fuel cell;a plurality of power consuming devices configured to consume a generated electric power generated by the fuel cell;a secondary battery configured to, when an amount of electric power generated by the fuel cell is greater than an electric power consumption of the plurality of power consuming devices, be charged with a dump electric power and, when the amount of electric power generated by the fuel cell is less than the electric power consumption of the plurality of power consuming devices, discharge an electric power equivalent to a shortage of electric power;a charge-discharge amount sensor configured to be used to calculate an amount of charge and discharge of the secondary battery; anda controller configured to control operations of the plurality of power consuming devices by using operation command values for the plurality of power consuming devices, wherein: a calculation section configured to calculate an actual amount of charge and discharge of the secondary battery by using a detected value of the charge-discharge amount sensor,', 'an estimation section ...

MEASUREMENT APPARATUS

A measurement apparatus includes a sensor probe and a circuit housing. The sensor probe is insertable through an opening provided in a flow path wall of a flow path through which a fluid to be measured flows and is used in a predetermined orientation relative to the flow direction of the fluid to be measured. The circuit housing includes a display, disposed outside of the flow path, and connects to the sensor probe. The circuit housing is fixable at a plurality of rotation positions relative to the sensor probe about an axis along the insertion direction of the sensor probe. The measurement apparatus allows the display direction of the display to be selected regardless of the orientation of the sensor probe.

GAS ANALYZER

A gas analyzer has a probe member attachable to a flow path wall of a flow path through which an analyte gas flows and an analytical member having a second connection portion detachably attached to a first connection portion located at a base end. The probe member has a reflective portion and a measurement area defined therein for introducing the analyte gas. The analytical member has a light emission portion and a light reception portion. The light emission portion irradiates measurement light toward the measurement area, the reflection portion reflects the measurement light incident on the measurement area, and the light reception portion receives the measurement light reflected by the reflection portion. The probe member has a window portion isolating the measurement area from outside of the base end side and transmitting the measurement light.

Urea water supply system

An object is to suppress the occurrence of a failure in supply of urea water as much as possible in suck-back control of urea water in a pump share-type urea water supply system with two supply valves. In the pump share-type urea water supply system with a first supply valve and a second supply valve, a urea water tank is connected with the respective supply valves by a urea water supply path. The urea water supply path includes a first supply path for the first supply valve and a second supply path for the second supply valve. The second supply path has a larger capacity than the capacity of the first supply path by a predetermined volume. The suck-back control of urea water controls opening and closing of the respective supply valves such that a first estimated valve-opening time that is a valve-opening time of the first supply valve estimated to be required for suck-back control in the first supply valve and in the first supply path is shorter than a second estimated valve-opening time that is a valve-opening time of the second supply valve estimated to be required for suck-back control in the second supply valve and in the second supply path by at least a first control time corresponding to the predetermined volume.

UREA WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

An object is to suppress the occurrence of a failure in supply of urea water as much as possible in filling control of urea water in a pump share-type urea water supply system with two supply valves. In the pump share-type urea water supply system with a first supply valve and a second supply valve, a urea water tank is connected with the respective supply valves by a urea water supply path. The urea water supply path includes a first supply path for the first supply valve and a second supply path for the second supply valve. The second supply path has a larger capacity than the capacity of the first supply path by a predetermined volume. Filling control of urea water pressure-feeds urea water to the first supply valve and the first supply path by a pump operated in a specified operating state in a state that at least the first supply valve out of the first and second supply valves is opened, and closes the first supply valve based on a pressure value or a pressure variation per unit time obtained by an acquirer. 1. In an exhaust emission control device that is provided in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine and has a first NOx catalyst and a second NOx catalyst configured to reduce NOx by using ammonia as a reducing agent , a urea water supply system that supplies urea water to the exhaust passage , the urea water supply system comprising:a first supply valve that is located in upstream of the first NOx catalyst and is configured to supply urea water to an exhaust emission flowing into the first NOx catalyst;a second supply valve that is located in upstream of the second NOx catalyst and is configured to supply the urea water to the exhaust emission flowing into the second NOx catalyst;a urea water tank that is configured to store the urea water;a urea water supply path that is arranged to connect the urea water tank with each of the first supply valve and the second supply valve and includes a first supply path which only the urea water to be ...

LASER GAS ANALYZER

A laser gas analyzer includes: an optical emitter that irradiates laser light onto a measurement target gas; a reflector that reflects the laser light after the laser light passes through the measurement target gas; an optical receiver that receives the reflected laser light; a controller that controls the optical emitter and processes an output signal from the optical receiver; a tubular measurement target gas passage disposed between the optical emitter and the reflector and that includes an opening that allows the measurement target gas to flow into and out of the measurement target gas passage; a first purge region disposed on the optical emitter side of the measurement target gas passage; and a first separation wall that separates the measurement target gas passage and the first purge region and that includes a hole through which the laser light passes. 1. A laser gas analyzer comprising:an optical emitter that irradiates laser light onto a measurement target gas;a reflector that reflects the laser light after the laser light passes through the measurement target gas;an optical receiver that receives the reflected laser light;a controller that controls the optical emitter and processes an output signal from the optical receiver;a tubular measurement target gas passage disposed between the optical emitter and the reflector and comprising an opening that allows the measurement target gas to flow into and out of the measurement target gas passage;a first purge region disposed on the optical emitter side of the measurement target gas passage and filled with a purge gas without a component to be measured in the measurement target gas; anda first separation wall that defines a boundary between the measurement target gas passage and the first purge region, and comprising a hole through which the laser light passes;wherein a surface of the first separation wall that faces the optical emitter is uneven to diffuse the laser light, or has been subjected to surface ...

RANGING DEVICE AND RANGING METHOD

A ranging device includes: a pulse generator; a controller that controls the pulse generator according to n (n is an integer greater than or equal to 4) types of packet generation codes indicating whether or not to expose or emit light in each of unit segments corresponding to distance segments into which a ranging range is divided; a light source; a solid-state image capturer; and a distance calculator that calculates the distance based on n types of signal values per unit segment obtained from the solid-state image capturer.

Patent JPH0333196B2

Patent JPS6233051B2

Multi-layer vessel

Patent JPH0239985B2

Hot-melt adhesive

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Patent JPH0346490B2

Inspecting method for surface defect

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Exhaust purification device for internal combustion engine

Método de purificación de NOx de un sistema de purificación de escape de un motor de combustión interna en el cual un catalizador (13) de tratamiento de escape es dispuesto dentro de un pasaje de escape del motor, una capa de abrigo compuesta de al menos dos capas de una capa (46) de abrigo superior y una capa (47) de abrigo inferior es formada en un substrato (45) del catalizador (13) de tratamiento de escape, la capa (46) de abrigo superior está compuesta de un catalizador (46) de purificación de escape para reaccionar el NOx contenido en el gas de escape y reformar hidrocarburos, un catalizador (51, 52) de metal precioso es portado en una superficie de flujo de gas de escape del catalizador (46) de purificación de escape y una parte (54) de la superficie del flujo del gas de escape básica es formada alrededor del catalizador (51, 52) de metal precioso, el catalizador (46) de purificación de escape que reduce el NOx que está contenido en el gas de escape si causa vibración de una concentración de hidrocarburo que fluyen en el catalizador (13) de tratamiento de escape dentro de un intervalo predeterminado de amplitud y dentro de un intervalo predeterminado de periodo y que aumente en cantidad de almacenamiento de NOx que está contenido en el gas de escape si alargar el periodo de vibración de la concentración de hidrocarburo más de un intervalo predeterminado, la capa (47) de abrigo inferior está compuesta de un catalizador (47) de absorción de NOx que adsorbe NOx contenido en el gas de escape y desorbe el NOx adsorbido si la temperatura aumenta, en el momento de la operación del motor, la concentración de hidrocarburo que fluye en el catalizador (13) de tratamiento de escape se hace vibrar dentro de dicho intervalo predeterminado de amplitud y dentro de dicho intervalo predeterminado de periodo y, de este modo, el NOx contenido en el gas de escape y NOx desorbido del catalizador (47) de absorción de NOx son reducidos, donde dentro de dicho catalizador (46) de ...

Exhaust gas purification method for internal combustion engine

Patent JPH056145B2

Still picture reproducing system

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Particle sampler

(57)【要約】 【課題】 ウエハ上やガラス基板上のゴミを解析するパ ーティクルサンプラを提供する。 【解決手段】 被測定体の上に付着したパーティクルを 吸引ノズルによって吸引し、吸引したパーティクルをフ ィルタに捕集するパーティクルサンプラにおいて、被測 定体を搭載して回転する回転ステージと、吸引ノズルの 先端と被測定体の表面との距離を一定に保つギャップ制 御機構と、ノズルの先端と被測定体を相対的に直線状に 移動させる移動手段とを設け、回転ステージと移動手段 とによって、被測定体に付着したパーティクルを捕集す ることを特徴としている。

Retort sterilization of food and drug packed in plastic container

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Nozzle for particle sampler

(57)【要約】 【課題】 捕集力の向上を図ったパーティクルサンプラ 用ノズルを提供する。 【解決手段】 被測定体の上に付着したパーティクルを 気体によって浮上させる吹き出しノズルと、浮上したパ ーテイクルを吸引する吸引ノズルからなり、、前記吹き 出しノズルの吹き出し孔の直径を０．１〜０．５ｍｍと した。

Method of removing ash from particulate filter

Imaging apparatus and solid-state image element used for same

Exhaust gas purifier for internal combustion engine

An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine of the present invention is provided with a selective reduction type NO x catalyst device 1 which can hold ammonia and a storage reduction type NO x catalyst device 3 which is arranged at an upstream side of the selective reduction type NO x catalyst device, which makes an air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas which flows into the storage reduction type NO x catalyst device change from a lean air-fuel ratio to a rich air-fuel ratio for starting an ammonia generation period, and which makes an air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas which flows into the storage reduction type NO x catalyst device change from a rich air-fuel ratio to a lean air-fuel ratio for ending the ammonia generation period. An amount of NO x which is held at the storage reduction type NO x catalyst device for starting the ammonia generation period when a temperature of the storage reduction type NO x catalyst device is less than a set temperature is smaller than that when a temperature of the storage reduction type NO x catalyst device is the set temperature or more.

Exhaust purification device for internal combustion engine

Exhaust purification device of internal combustion engine

An additive agent is supplied in a suitable manner. In an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine which is provided with an exhaust gas purification catalyst (4) arranged in an exhaust passage (2) of an internal combustion engine (1), a tank (32) storing an additive agent in a solid or liquid state, a vaporization device (38) to vaporize the additive agent by heating the same, a supply passage (31) connecting between the tank (32) and the exhaust passage (2) at the upstream side of the exhaust gas purification catalyst (4), with a gaseous additive agent flowing therethrough, provision is made for a dilution device (5) to dilute the gaseous additive agent with another gas in the supply passage (31), and a metering device (3) to adjust in the supply passage (31) an amount of the additive agent to be supplied from the supply passage (31) to the exhaust passage (2) after being diluted by the dilution device (5).

Exhaust emission control device for internal combustion engine

【課題】析出物の粒径の増加による添加弁内の摩耗や添加弁の詰まりを抑制する。 【解決手段】添加弁及び尿素水通路に貯留されている尿素水がタンクに所定量戻るようにポンプを操作する第一制御と、第一制御を実施した後に尿素水をタンクから尿素水通路に所定量以上排出するようにポンプを操作する第二制御と、第二制御を実施した後に添加弁及び尿素水通路に貯留されている尿素水が全てタンクまで戻るようにポンプを操作する第三制御と、を内燃機関の停止後に実施する。 【選択図】図６

Combined detector

Exhaust gas purification device for an internal combustion engine

Abgasreinigungseinrichtung für einen Verbrennungsmotor (1), aufweisend:ein Hinzusetzungsventil (42), das konfiguriert ist, Harnstofflösung in eine Auslasspassage (2) des Verbrennungsmotors (1) zu liefern,einen Tank (41), der konfiguriert ist, Harnstofflösung zu enthalten,einen Harnstofflösungskanal (43), der konfiguriert ist, das Hinzusetzungsventil (42) und den Tank (41) zu verbinden, und durch den Harnstofflösung fließt,eine Pumpe (44), die konfiguriert ist, zu bewirken, dass Harnstofflösung in dem Harnstofflösungskanal (43) fließt,einen Selektiv-Katalytisch-Reduktion-NOx-Katalysator (31), der in der Auslasspassage (2) strömungsabwärts des Hinzusetzungsventils (42) vorgesehen ist und der konfiguriert ist, NOx unter Verwendung von Harnstofflösung zu entfernen,ein Steuergerät, das konfiguriert ist, nachdem der Verbrennungsmotor (1) gestoppt ist, eine erste Steuerung durchzuführen, mittels welcher die Pumpe (44) dazu gebracht wird, derart zu arbeiten, dass sie in dem Hinzusetzungsventil (42) und dem Harnstofflösungskanal (43) enthaltene Harnstofflösung in einer vorbestimmten Menge zu dem Tank (41) zurückführt und danach stoppt, und eine zweite Steuerung durchzuführen, mittels welcher die Pumpe (44) dazu gebracht wird, derart zu arbeiten, dass sie nach dem Ablauf einer bestimmten Zeit nach dem Ende der ersten Steuerung in dem Hinzusetzungsventil (42) und dem Harnstofflösungskanal (43) verbleibende Harnstofflösung vollständig zu dem Tank (41) zurückführt, undwobei das Hinzusetzungsventil (42) oder der Harnstofflösungskanal (43) mit einem Radiator (105) versehen ist, der Wärme von dem Hinzusetzungsventil (42) oder dem Harnstofflösungskanal (43) ableitet, und das Steuergerät ferner konfiguriert ist, die vorbestimmte Menge in der ersten Steuerung gleich zu der oder größer als die Kapazität eines Abschnitts von einem vorderen Ende des Hinzusetzungsventils (42) bis zu dem tankseitigen Ende des Radiators (105) zu setzen. An exhaust purification device for an internal ...

Fuel cell system and control method

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a plurality of power consuming devices, a secondary battery, a charge-discharge amount sensor, and a controller configured to control operations of the plurality of power consuming devices. An identification section of the controller is configured to execute a variation process of varying the operation command value of one of the plurality of power consuming devices and, in a second case where an absolute value of a difference between an amount of change in the actual amount of charge and discharge and an amount of change in the estimated amount of charge and discharge before and after execution of the variation process is greater than a second threshold, identify the power consuming device, for which the operation command value is varied, as the device to be identified.

Exhaust gas purification system for internal combustion engine

The present invention enables an exhaust gas purification system that supplies a gaseous reducing agent to an exhaust gas purification catalyst provided in an exhaust passage to control the amount of supply of the reducing agent to the exhaust gas purification catalyst with high accuracy. In this invention, an adding apparatus adds the gaseous reducing agent to exhaust gas flowing through a portion of the exhaust passage upstream of the exhaust gas purification catalyst. The pressure of adding the reducing agent from the adding apparatus to the exhaust gas is controlled in accordance with an operating condition of the internal combustion engine.

Vehicle equipped with a power generator and a method for controlling power generation of the power generator on the vehicle

A power generation amount of a power generator disposed on a vehicle is appropriately controlled by ordering the power generator a required power generation amount so as to control the power generator, driving a drive motor configured to drive a driving wheel of the vehicle using at least part of electric power generated by the power generator according to the required power generation amount, storing at least part of surplus power left in the electric power generated by the power generator in a storage device, detecting a slip of the driving wheel, and, executing reduction processing of a power generation amount for further reducing a required power generation amount that reflects a reduction amount of the electric power for driving the drive motor due to the slip of the driving wheel, if the detected extent of the slip is larger than a predetermined threshold.

Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine

An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine of the present invention comprises a silver-alumina-based catalyst device arranged in the engine exhaust system. When a temperature of the silver-alumina-based catalyst device becomes a second set temperature T 2 lower than a first set temperature T 1 at which the silver-alumina-based catalyst device releases NO 2 , and releases NO, the silver-alumina-based catalyst device is heated such that a temperature elevation rate thereof is increased to make the temperature T of the silver-alumina-based catalyst device be a third set temperature T 3 between the first set temperature T 1 and the second set temperature T 2.

Fuel cell system

【課題】燃料電池のインピーダンスを計測する際のドライバビリティの悪化を防止する。【解決手段】車両に搭載される燃料電池システムである。燃料電池システムは、前記車両を駆動するモータに電力を供給する燃料電池と、前記燃料電池の出力に交流信号を重畳させて、前記燃料電池のインピーダンスを計測するインピーダンス計測部と、前記モータを制御する制御部と、を備える。前記制御部は、前記インピーダンスを計測する際に、前記燃料電池が出力する発電パワーの単位時間当たりの変動量に合わせて、前記モータのモータ損失を変動させる。【選択図】図２

Exhaust conversion apparatus for internal combustion engine

An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine of the present invention comprises a silver-alumina-based catalyst device arranged in the engine exhaust system. When a temperature of the silver-alumina-based catalyst device becomes a second set temperature T2 lower than a first set temperature. T1 at which the silver-alumina-based catalyst device releases NO 2 , and releases NO, the silver-alumina-based catalyst device is heated such that a temperature elevation rate thereof is increased to make the temperature T of the silver-alumina-based catalyst device be a third set temperature T3 between the first set temperature T1 and the second set temperature T2.

Process for production of multi-layer pipes for draw-forming

Abstract of the Disclosure Disclosed is a process for the production of a multi-layer pipe to be used for formation of a bottle by draw-blow-forming, which comprises forming by co-extrusion a pipe comprising inner and outer layers of a polyester composed mainly of ethylene terephthalate units and an intermediate layer of an oxygen-barrier resin interposed between the inner and outer layers, if necessary with an adhesive resin layer interposed between every two adjacent layers, sizing the co-extruded multi-layer pipe in the molten state so that the diameter of the pipe is uniform, and cooling the outer portion of the molten multi-layer pipe by contact with water and simultaneously introducing an inert gas or an inert gas containing a water mist into the interior of the pipe to thereby cool the inner portion of the pipe and prevent oxidation in the pipe. A multi-layer pipe prepared according to this process is excellent in the transparency and the draw-formability into a multi-layer drawn bottle.

Detector for detecting sulfur components

A detector for detecting sulfur components having a storage portion for storing SO X and NO X in the exhaust gas passing through an exhaust passage and a temperature sensor for measuring a temperature of the storage portion. The detector includes a heater for heating the storage portion and determines the current heat capacity (C) of the storage portion on the basis of an increase in (T 2 −T 1 ) the temperature of the storage portion measured by the temperature sensor and a quantity of heat (QH) generated by the heater when the heater heats the storage portion.

Exhaust emission purifier of internal combustion engine

The fuel cell system

Eine Steuereinheit (300), die in einem Brennstoffzellensystem (10) enthalten ist, ist dafür ausgelegt, während einer Ausführung eines Hilfsmaschinenleistungsverbrauchs eine Voraussage dahingehend, ob eine benötigte Ausgangsleistung (Ptgt) für einen Motor-Generator (140) einen positiven Wert haben wird, und eine Bestimmung dahingehend, ob eine Spannung einer ersten Brennstoffzelle (100) kleiner ist als eine Sollspannung (Vtgtl; Vtgt2), zu treffen, und ist dafür ausgelegt, ein Umgehungsventil (560) während der Ausführung des Hilfsmaschinenleistungsverbrauchs auf einen ersten Öffnungsgrad einzustellen, wenn ein Ergebnis der Voraussage und/oder der Bestimmung negativ ist, und ist dafür ausgelegt, während der Ausführung des Hilfsmaschinenleistungsverbrauchs das Umgehungsventil (560) auf einen zweiten Öffnungsgrad einzustellen, der kleiner ist als der erste Öffnungsgrad, wenn Ergebnisse von sowohl der Voraussage als auch der Bestimmung positiv sind. A control unit (300) included in a fuel cell system (10) is configured to predict, during execution of an auxiliary engine power consumption, whether a required output power (Ptgt) for a motor generator (140) will have a positive value, and a determination as to whether a voltage of a first fuel cell (100) is less than a target voltage (Vtgtl; Vtgt2), and is configured to set a bypass valve (560) to a first opening degree during execution of the auxiliary engine power consumption a result of the prediction and / or determination is negative, and is configured to set the bypass valve (560) to a second opening degree smaller than the first opening degree during execution of the auxiliary engine power consumption when results of both the prediction and the first opening degree Determination are positive.

Exhaust emission purifier of internal combustion engine

Fuel cell system

A fuel cell system installed in a vehicle, the system comprising: a fuel cell, a secondary cell, a system temperature acquirer for acquiring a temperature of an inside of the fuel cell system, and a controller, wherein, when the system temperature is a predetermined first temperature or less, the controller charges the secondary cell until a state-of-charge value of the secondary cell reaches a predetermined first threshold value, and the controller carries out a first pattern purge on the fuel cell, and wherein, when the system temperature exceeds the predetermined first temperature, the controller charges the secondary cell until the state-of-charge value of the secondary cell reaches a predetermined second threshold value that is larger than the predetermined first threshold value, and the controller carries out a second pattern purge having a shorter purge time than the first pattern purge on the fuel cell.

gas analyzer

【課題】アライメントの容易化を実現し易いガス分析計を提供する。【解決手段】ガス分析計１は、発光素子２から測定ガス３に光４を照射するとともに測定ガス３を通過した光４を受光することにより測定ガス３中の所定成分を測定するガス分析計１であって、発光素子２の光軸に平行でない少なくとも１つの軸線に沿って位置調節可能なベース部材１２と、光軸に平行でない少なくとも１つの軸線を中心に角度調節可能にベース部材１２に保持されるとともに発光素子２を保持する保持部材１３と、を有する、ガス分析計１である。【選択図】図１