Apparatus and method for receiving control message on packet data control channel in a mobile communication system supporting packet data service

An apparatus and method for receiving a packet data control channel in a mobile communication system that transmits packet data and has the packet data control channel for transmitting control information related to transmission of packet data are provided. A receiver receives and despreads a signal on the packet data channel and a signal on the packet data control channel, separately outputs the signals, and estimates a noise of a received signal. A signal level detector receives a noise estimation value and samples of the packet data control channel signal from the receiver, and outputs a validity signal for detecting whether information is received over the packet data control channel. A packet data control channel decoder decodes the packet data control channel signal if the validity signal received from the signal level detector is valid.

Apparatus and method for calculating square root

An apparatus and method for calculating a square root are provided. The square root calculation apparatus calculates an approximated square root for an input value. An integer detector detects a position of a non-zero most significant bit (MSB) from the input value, and outputs an arbitrary integer value. A first approximated linear square root calculator outputs an approximated square root by applying the input value and an even integer value output from the integer detector to a first linear approximation equation. A second approximated linear square root calculator outputs an approximated square root by applying the input value and an odd integer value output from the integer detector to a second linear approximation equation. A controller controls a multiplexer such that the approximated square roots calculated by the first and second approximated linear square root calculators are output according to whether the integer value output from the integer detector is an even number or an ...

Interleaving/deinterleaving device and method for communication system

A device for sequentially storing input bit symbols of a given interleaver size N in a memory at an address from 1 to N and reading the stored bit symbols from the memory. The device comprises a look-up table for providing a first variable m and a second variable J satisfying the equation N=2xJ; and an address generator for generating a read address depending on the first and second variables m and J provided from the look-up table. The read address is determined by 2(K mod J)+BRO(K/J), where K (0<=K<=(N-1)) denotes a reading sequence and BRO is a function for converting a binary value to a decimal value by bit reversing.

Apparatus and method for generating codes in a communications system

There is provided an apparatus and method of generating two-dimensional QCTCs. The sub-code sets of QCTCs with given code rates are generated and the sub-codes are rearranged in a sub-code set with a different code rate, for use in the next transmission to a sub-code with a predetermined code rate.

Apparatus and method for controlling a demultiplexer and a multiplexer used for rate matching in a mobile communication system

Method for controlling turbo decoding time in a high-speed packet data communication system

A method for controlling a turbo decoding time in a high-speed packet data communication system. In a mobile communication system which receives a control message from a packet data control channel, at the same time receives packet data from the packet data channel, performs demodulating and turbo-decoding of the packet data during a predetermined response (ACK/NAK) time delay using a demodulation result of the packet data control channel, creates a result of the turbo decoding in the form of a response (ACK/NAK) signal, and transmits the turbo decoding result, the method includes the steps of a) demodulating the control message when simultaneously receiving the control message and the packet data, and demodulating and decoding the packet data, and b) if the response time delay expires while decoding the packet data, interrupting a decoding operation of the turbo decoder.

Turbo decoding apparatus and method

Disclosed is a turbo decoding apparatus and method for a communication system. A high-rate memory buffer operating at the same frequency as a turbo decoder is arranged between a memory buffer of a receiver and the turbo decoder. The decoding apparatus reads data bits stored in the memory buffer of the receiver via the high-rate memory buffer, delays the read data bits for a time required in the turbo decoder, and then applies the delayed data bits to a Soft-In Soft-Out (SISO) decoder of the turbo decoder. The memory buffer of the receiver outputs data bits at an operating frequency or clock of the turbo decoder.

Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving broadcast data using outer-coding in a mobile communication system

A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving a broadcast service in a mobile communication system which outer-codes frames for a plurality of broadcast services and Time Domain Multiplex (TDM)-transmits the outer-coded frames. A transmitter transmits a broadcast parameter message comprising information indicating a specific sub-buffer in which respective broadcast services are stored. A receiver for receiving the broadcast parameter message from the transmitter, and maps the sub-buffer to a corresponding sub-block mask based on the broadcast parameter message. The transmitter TDM-transmits the frames for the plurality of broadcast services per sub-block. The receiver selectively receives frames for a desired broadcast service using the sub-block mask and decodes the selectively received frames.

Interleaving / deinterleaving device and method for communication system

HARQ device and method for mobile communication system

Rate matching device and method for a data communication system

A device and method for rate matching channel-encoded symbols in a data communication system. The rate matching device and method can be applied to a data communication system which uses one or both of a non-systematic code (such as a convolutional code or a linear block code) and a systematic code (such as a turbo code). In one aspect, the rate matching device includes a plurality of rate matching blocks, the number of the rate matching blocks being equal to a reciprocal of a coding rate of a channel encoder. The rate matching device can rate match the symbols encoded with a non-systematic code or the symbols encoded with a systematic code, by changing initial parameters including the number of input symbols, the number of output symbols, and the puncturing or repetition pattern determining parameters.

Circuit, apparatus and method for antenna mode steering

An Antenna Mode Steering (AMS) method in a signal receiving apparatus using at least one antenna is provided. The method includes measuring a received signal quality of a signal received through the at least one antenna for each of antenna modes available in the signal receiving apparatus, and selecting a specific antenna mode from among the antenna modes as an antenna mode to be used in the signal receiving apparatus based on the measured received signal quality.

Apparatus and method for adaptive map channel decoding in radio telecommunication system

Data transmission apparatus and method for an HARQ data communication system

An iterative decoder and an iterative decoding method for a communication system

Virtual reception diversity apparatus and method in wireless communication system

A receiving apparatus in a wireless communication system is provided. The receiving apparatus includes a first interference cancellation unit configured to cancel interference from a received signal that is received through an antenna according to a first scheme, a second interference cancellation unit configured to cancel interference from the received signal that is received through the antenna according to a second scheme, and a combination unit configured to combine the signal from which interference is cancelled according to the first scheme and the signal from which interference is cancelled according to the second scheme.

Apparatus and method for allocating subchannel and power in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access system

An apparatus and method for allocating transmission power of a subchannel for each individual user in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system. The apparatus and method comprises determining the number-of-transmission bits per symbol approximating an estimated signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) for each of subchannels when transmission power is uniformly allocated to the subchannels; and calculating a required SIR corresponding to the number-of-transmission bits per symbol, and allocating transmission power to each of the subchannels according to the required SIR.

Method and device for transmitting packet data in mobile communication system

There is provided a device and method for transmitting packet data in a mobile communication system. A sub-code generator generates a plurality of sub-codes with the same or different code rates for the input of a PLP (Physical Layer Packet) information bit stream. A controller determines a minimum data rate by which the number of the modulation symbols of a sub-code generated by a predetermined modulation method is equal to or greater than the number of transmittable modulation symbols for each time period. A symbol pruner prunes part of the modulation symbols of the sub-code to make the number of the modulation symbols of the sub-code equal to the number of transmittable modulation symbols for the time period, if the number of the modulation symbols of the sub-code is greater than the number of transmittable modulation symbols for the time period.

Data rate detection device and method for a mobile communication system

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING MODEM IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

A method and apparatus for controlling a modem of a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes generating at least one modem control information determined based on information related to a wireless communication environment, when at least a portion of the wireless communication environment is changed, updating a priority stored in a database of the UE based on the changed wireless communication environment and controlling the modem of the UE using the priority-updated modem control information. 1. A method for transmitting modem control information by a server in a communication system , the method comprising:receiving, from a terminal, information related to a communication environment of the terminal;identifying modem control information corresponding to the communication environment from a modem control information set based on the received information; andtransmitting, to the terminal, the identified modem control information,wherein the modem control information set includes modem control information corresponding to each of a plurality of communication environments.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modem control information set includes modem control information corresponding to each communication environment reported by each of a plurality of terminals.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the received information related to the communication environment includes at least one of location information of the terminal and time information when the terminal performs communication.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the identified modem control information includes at least one of cell identity information claim 1 , signal strength per cell claim 1 , frequency offset claim 1 , timing offset claim 1 , channel state information (CSI) claim 1 , interference information claim 1 , and downlink configuration information.5. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:estimating a movement path of the terminal based on the ...

Apparatus and method for reducing Bit Error Rates (BER) and Frame Error Rates (FER) using turbo decoding in a digital communication system

An Forward Error Correction (FEC) apparatus and method for reducing Bit error rates (BER) and Frame Error Rates (FER) using turbo decoding in a digital communication system. In a constituent decoder for decoding a turbo code, a first adder calculates the LLR of a received code symbol by calculating the difference between the probability of the code symbol being 1 and that of the code symbol being 0 at an arbitrary state of a turbo decoding trellis. A second adder adds the transmission information and a priori information of the code symbol. A third adder calculates the difference between the outputs of the first and second adders as extrinsic information. A first multiplier multiplies the output of the third adder by a predetermined weighting factor as a feedback gain. A correction value calculator calculates a correction value using the difference between the best metric and the second best metric of the code symbol. A fourth adder adds the correction value to the output of the first multiplier ...

Interleaving/deinterleaving device and method for communication system

Device and method for convolutional encoding in digital system

Interleaving apparatus and method for use in serial concatenated convolutional code encoder in a mobile communication system

Device and method for convolutional encoding in digital system

A convolutional encoding device and method in a digital system. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a convolutional encoding device has a convolutional encoder and a puncturer. The convolutional encoder generates a subgroup of a first, a second and a third encoded symbols for each input bit using generator polynomials including g0(x)=1+x2+x3+x5+x6+x7+x8, g1(x)=1+x +x3+x4+x7+x8, and g2(x)=1+x+x2+x5+x8, for inputting input bits to generate a symbol group of three subgroups for three successive input bits, and for generating a stream of the symbol groups. A symbol puncturer punctures the first symbol of one of three subgroups in each symbol group generated from the convolutional encoder.

Encoder/decoder with serial concatenated structure in communication system

A decoding device for decoding an input codeword bit stream using a generator polynomial represented by the product of a plurality of sub-polynomials disclosed. The decoding device comprises a plurality of serial concatenated decoders each having different generator polynomials, wherein a product of the different generator polynomials becomes said generator polynomial, the different generator polynomials are represented by the different sub-polynomials or by a product thereof, and a first-stage decoder out of the serial concatenated decoders receives said codeword bit stream. The decoders each perform soft decision, and the codeword is a linear block code.

Quantization method for iterative decoder in communication system

Turbo interleaving apparatus and method

A 2-dimensional interleaving method is disclosed. The method comprises dividing a frame of input information bits into a plurality of groups and sequentially storing the divided groups in a memory; permuting the information bits of the groups according to a given rule and shifting an information bit existing at the last position of the last group to a position preceding the last position; and selecting the groups according to a predetermined order, and selecting one of the information bits in the selected group.

Apparatus and method for optimally compensating for imbalance between in-phase and quadrature-phase in a zero-IF OFDM receiver

An optimum I/Q imbalance compensating apparatus and method in a zero-IF OFDM receiver. In the apparatus, a first compensator generates a first symbol by removing interference from a second distorted symbol on an (Ns-m+1)th subcarrier from a first distorted symbol on an mth subcarrier by a first compensation coefficient in an OFDM FFT signal of Ns subcarriers. A first hard decider generates a first compensated symbol by hard-decision on the first symbol, an error calculator generates an error symbol by subtracting the first received symbol from the first compensated symbol. A second compensator generates a second symbol by eliminating interference from the first distorted symbol from the second distorted symbol using a second compensation coefficient. A second hard decider generates a second compensated symbol by hard-decision on the second symbol, and an adaptive controller updates the first compensation coefficient using the error symbol and the second compensation symbol.

Demodulation apparatus and method in a communication system employing 8-ary PSK modulation

An 8-ary PSK demodulation apparatus for receiving an input signal R_k(X_k, Y_k) comprised of a k^th quadrature-phase component Y_k and a k^th in-phase component X_k, and for generating soft decision values Lambda(s_k,0), Lambda(s_k,1), and Lambda(s_k,2) for the input signal R_k(X_k, Y_k) by a soft decision means. A calculator calculates Z_k by subtracting a level |Y_k| of the quadrature-phase signal component Y_k from a level |X_k| of the in-phase signal component X_k, and outputs the Z_k as a first soft decision value. A first selector selects the Z_k or reverse -Z_k, according to an MSB of the quadrature-phase signal component Y_k. A second selector selects the Z_k or the reverse -Z_k according to an MSB of the in-phase signal component X_k Подробнее

Interleaving / deinterleaving apparatus and method for a communication system

Apparatus and method for encoding and decoding in a mobile communication system

A system and method are provided for setting a point of time when information is applied in a mobile communication system. A broadcast overhead message including additional information is received and its application time-point is computed. The broadcast overhead message including the additional information is then applied at the computed time-point.

CHANNEL ENVIRONMENT-ADAPTED MMSE RECEPTION METHOD AND APPARATUS USING MULTIPLE RECEIVE ANTENNAS

Method and Apparatus for controlling combining coefficients of multiple receive antennas according to the channel conditions in a mobile communication system, to improve data restoration performance. A mobile station detects preamble, pilot and data from a signal received from a base station via the multiple receive antennas, measures a channel correlation from the detected preamble, classifies time-domain/frequency-domain intervals having a channel correlation exceeding a predetermined threshold as calculation regions, and calculates MMSE coefficients for the calculation regions. In this way, the mobile station finds the optimal coefficients for combining the signal received via the multiple receive antennas, thereby optimizing the reception performance.

Apparatus and method for generating codes in communication system

A QCTC (Quasi-Complementary Turbo Code) generating apparatus having: a turbo encoder for generating an information symbol sequence and a plurality of parity symbol sequences by encoding the information symbol sequence; a channel interleaver for individually interleaving the symbol sequences, generating new parity symbol sequences by multiplexing the symbols of parity symbol sequences with the same priority levels, and serially concatenating the information symbol sequence and the new parity symbol sequences; and a QCTC generator for generating a sub-code with a given code rate by recursively selecting a predetermined number of symbols from the concatenated symbol sequence at a given starting position.

Method for controlling turbo decoding time in a high-speed packet data communication system

A method for controlling a turbo decoding time in a high-speed packet data communication system. In a mobile communication system which receives a control message from a packet data control channel, at the same time receives packet data from the packet data channel, performs demodulating and turbo-decoding of the packet data during a predetermined response (ACK/NAK) time delay using a demodulation result of the packet data control channel, creates a result of the turbo decoding in the form of a response (ACK/NAK) signal, and transmits the turbo decoding result, the method includes the steps of a) demodulating the control message when simultaneously receiving the control message and the packet data, and demodulating and decoding the packet data, and b) if the response time delay expires while decoding the packet data, interrupting a decoding operation of the turbo decoder.

Method and apparatus for decoding low density parity check code using united node processing

A method and apparatus are provided for decoding an LDPC code including a plurality of check nodes and a plurality of variable nodes. The apparatus includes a check node selection scheduler that selects at least one of the check nodes, an LLR memory that stores an input LLR value for the variable nodes as an initial LLR value and stores updated LLR values for variable nodes connected to the selected check node, and a check node message memory that stores a check node message indicating a result value of check node processing on the selected check node. The apparatus further includes at least one united node processor that generates a variable node message by subtracting the check node message of the selected check node from corresponding LLR values read from the LLR memory, performs check node processing on the variable node message, calculates an LLR value updated by adding the variable node message to the check node processing result value, and delivers the calculated LLR value to the ...

Flexible cosmetic container

Interleaver and interleaving method in a communication system

A P-BRO interleaver and a method for optimizing parameters according to an interleaver size for the P-BRO interleaver. The P-BRO interleaver sequentially, by columns, arranges an input data stream of size N in a matrix having 2m rows and (J−1) columns, and R rows in a Jth column, P-BRO interleaves the arranged data, and reads the interleaved data by rows.

Apparatus and method for transmitting a control message on a packet data control channel in a mobile communication system supporting a packet data service

An apparatus and method for transmitting Walsh information over a packet data control channel in a base station of a mobile communication system that transmits packet data and has the packet data control channel for transmitting control information related to transmission of packet data. Receivers decode reverse ACK channel (R-ACKCH) signals received from corresponding mobile stations, and count the number of NAKs from the decoded information. A Walsh mask broadcasting controller receives the number of NAKs from the receivers, and outputs a Walsh mask information broadcasting enable signal if the number of NAKs is larger than a predetermined threshold. A transmitter generates and broadcasts Walsh mask information of the base station upon receiving the Walsh mask information broadcasting enable signal.

Apparatus and method for normalizing metric values in a component decoder in a mobile communication system

Apparatus and method for channel coding and multiplexing in CDMA communication system

Address generator and address generating method for use in a turbo interleaver/deinterleaver

Encoder/decoder with serial concatenated structure in communication system

Apparatus and method for symbol combining in a mobile communication system

An apparatus and method for soft-combining demodulated symbols in a mobile communication system. In the mobile communication system, a transmitting apparatus modulates symbols in different modulation schemes and a receiving apparatus demodulates the modulation symbols in correspondence with the modulation schemes. The soft symbol combining apparatus includes an RWF calculator, an RWF controller, and a soft symbol controller. The RWF calculator calculates an energy of a modulation symbol from each of the modulation schemes and determines relative ratios of the energies to be RWFs for the modulation schemes. The RWF controller multiplies soft metrics of the demodulated soft symbols by the RWFs. Finally, the soft symbol controller combines the multiplied soft metrics.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RECEIVING DATA USING MULTIPLE ANTENNAS IN A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

A method and apparatus for receiving data using multiple antennas in a communication system are provided. A received signal-combining scheme is determined according to the strength of an interference signal included in the signals received from the antennas. The signals received from the antennas are combined according to the determined received signal-combining scheme. In this manner, the method and apparatus adaptively use a received data-combining scheme according to the channel condition, thereby ensuring optimal reception performance.

Apparatus and method for processing digital signal in an OFDMA wireless communication system

An apparatus and method is provided to process a digital signal in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) wireless communication system. In the apparatus, a memory stores the number of subcarriers allocated to a mobile terminal and stores an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) coefficient. A controller outputs a mode selection signal indicating a transmission mode or a reception mode. An inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) block multiplies a first result obtained by determining a bitwidth for the IDFT coefficient according to the number of subcarriers by a second result obtained by determining a bitwidth for data according to the number of subcarriers.

Tube container for packing cosmetics

Transmitting packet data in mobile communications systems

Apparatus and method for channel coding and multiplexing in CDMA communication system

A channel coding and multiplexing apparatus and method in a CDMA communication system is disclosed. In the channel coding and multiplexing apparatus, each of a number of radio frame matchers (equal in number or greater than the number of transport channels) has a radio frame segmenter and segments each of transport channel frames that may have different transmission time intervals to radio frames. A multiplexer multiplexes the radio frames to form a serial data frame.

Method and apparatus for determining modulation scheme for retransmission in a communication system

A method and apparatus for determining an optimum modulation scheme for a retransmission in a communication system supporting HARQ. When two modulation schemes are available, at an initial transmission, information is modulated in the lower-order modulation scheme if a first MPR is less than a first threshold, and in the higher-ordeulation scheme if the first MPR is greater than or equal to the first threshold. Here, an MPR is determined by an EP size, the number of available Walsh codes, and the number of slots per sub-packet that are used for a transmission. To select one of the modulation schemes for a retransmission, a second MPR is calculated using an EP size, the number of available Walsh codes, and the number of slots per sub-packet that are used for the retransmission. If the first MPR is equal to or less than a second threshold greater than the first threshold, the lower-order modulation scheme is selected. If the second MPR is greater than the second threshold, the higher-order ...

Component decoder and method thereof in mobile communication system

Rate matching device and method for a data communication system

Interleaver and interleaving method in a communication system

A P-BRO interleaver and a method for optimizing parameters according to an interleaver size for the P-BRO interleaver. The P-BRO interleaver sequentially, by columns, arranges an input data stream of size N in a matrix having 2^m rows and (J-1) columns, and R rows in a Jth column, P-BRO interleaves the arranged data, and reads the interleaved data by rows.

Method and apparatus for rearranging codeword sequence in a communication system

A method and apparatus for mapping a stream of bits output from an encoder to a stream of bits for 2 m -ary modulation. The method and apparatus divides the stream of bits from the encoder into a first period and a second period. The first period includes bits with higher priority in the stream of the bits output from the encoder, and the second period includes bits with lower priority. The method and apparatus maps the bits existing in the first period to bit positions with higher reliability in a stream of m bits representing each of the bits for 2 m -ary modulation, and maps the bits existing in the second period to bit positions with lower reliability in the stream of m bits.

Method for encoding low-density parity check code

An apparatus and method for encoding low-density parity check (LDPC) codes. The method for generating a low-density parity check code formed of an information-part matrix and a parity-part matrix comprises the steps of converting the information-part matrix into an array code structure and assigning a degree sequence to each submatrix column; extending a dual-diagonal matrix corresponding to the parity-part matrix such that an offset value between diagonals has a random value; lifting the normalized dual-diagonal matrix; determining an offset value for cyclic column shift for each submatrix of the lifted normalized dual-diagonal matrix; and determining a parity symbol corresponding to a column of the parity-part matrix.

Container for discharging contents

The container for discharging contents includes a container body, in which contents are accommodated, and a dropper portion detachably coupled to an upper portion of the container body and configured to suction and discharge the contents in the container body, wherein the dropper portion includes: an inner cap detachably coupled to the upper portion of the container body; a pipette portion coupled to the inner cap to communicate with an inside of the inner cap and having at least part thereof accommodated in the container body to suction the contents; a pressing portion configured to discharge the contents suctioned into the pipette portion by pressing; and a button portion including an elastic member which is formed under the pressing portion to be disposed inside the inner cap and provides an elastic force to the pressing portion, wherein the elastic member is accommodated in an uncompressed state in the inner cap.

Interleaving / deinterleaving device and method for communication system

Antenna selection diversity apparatus and method in a broadband wireless communication system

An apparatus and method for improving antenna diversity in a receiver of a broadband wireless communication system using multiple antennas are provided. The receiver with the diversity apparatus uses a structure of multiple analog front ends, a structure for measuring antenna-by-antenna reception power values/Carrier-to-Interference plus Noise Ratios (CINRs) after Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) using a single analog front end, and a structure based on a single analog front end for measuring antenna-by-antenna reception power values after Analog-to-Digital (A/D) conversion without use of FFT. When a receive antenna is selected, the measured reception power values/CINRs are used. In a system for transmitting pilot signals with preamble data in a regular pattern, the receiver can have improved performance through a suitable frequency modulation process and can be implemented at low cost, as compared with that of the conventional antenna selection diversity.

Device and method for transmitting multimedia data in mobile communication system

There is provided a novel architecture for transmitting multimedia data with different QoSs in a mobile communication system. In a protocol structure according to the present invention, an RLP layer receives data with different QoSs and dividing the data into datagrams according to the QoSs, a MUX layer multiplexes the datagrams received from the RLP layer and outputs multiplexed TU data, and a QCCH receives the multiplexed TU data and outputs TU blocks with the QoSs by puncturing and repeating information added according to the QoSs for the multiplexed TU data.

Interleaving apparatus and method for a communication system

An interleaving apparatus and method for a communication system which can be applied to determine a new interleaver size N′=2m×(j+1) and addresses of 0 to N′−1, if a given interleaver size N is larger than 2m×j and smaller than 2m×(j+1), where m represents a first parameter indicating a number of consecutive zero bits from a least significant bit (LSB) to a most significant bit (MSB), and j represents a second parameter corresponding to a decimal value other than said consecutive zero bits. The interleaving apparatus and method sequentially stores N input data bits in an interleaver memory with the new interleaver size N′ from an address 0 to an address N−1. The interleaving apparatus and method then executes a Partial Bit Reversal(PBRO)-interleaving the memory with the new interleaver size N′, and reads data from the memory by deleting addresses corresponding to addresses of N to N′−1 of the memory before interleaving.

Interleaving/deinterleaving apparatus and method for a communication system

A device for generating L addresses, which are smaller in number than 2xNg virtual addresses, for reading data from an interleaver memory in which L data bits are stored, the device including: Ng PN generators each including m memories; an address generator for adding an offset value to the input data size to provide a virtual address having a size of a multiple of 2, and generating addresses other than addresses corresponding to the offset value in address generation areas using the address generation areas having the size of 2; and means for reading the input data from the interleaver memory using the addresses generated from the address generation areas.

Apparatus and method for receiving data in a mobile broadcasting terminal

An apparatus for receiving and processing a broadcast signal in a mobile broadcasting terminal is provided. A preprocessor receives a broadcast signal, converts the broadcast signal into a baseband signal, and then performs OFDM demodulation, Viterbi decoding, and convolutional deinterleaving thereon. A first Reed-Solomon (RS) decoder RS-decodes the signal output from the preprocessor, and outputs a Transport Stream (TS) packet. A checker checks Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) of the TS packet. A datagram extractor extracts a datagram having a good CRC result. A datagram controller receives the datagram having a good CRC result and outputs the received datagram to an application controller. The application controller decodes the broadcast data using the datagram received from the datagram controller and provides the decoded broadcast data to a user.

Reverse transmission apparatus and method for improving transmission throughput in a data communication system

There is provided a method for encoding input information bits by a quasi-complementary turbo code (QCTC) at a predetermined code rate to generate codeword symbols and transmitting the generated codeword symbols. The method comprises selecting one pattern among predetermined patterns corresponding to at least one of the generated codeword symbols in order to transmit the generated codeword symbols by a sub-packet length determined according to a data rate; reading information corresponding to the data rate, the sub-packet length and the selected pattern from a table in which identification information indicating the data rate, the sub-packet length and the selected pattern is previously mapped to given information; and transmitting the generated codeword symbols according to the read information and the selected pattern.

2-dimensional interleaving apparatus and method

Data transmission apparatus and method for an HARQ data communication system

Method and apparatus for managing buffer for block deinterleaver in a mobile communication system

A method and apparatus for managing a deinterleaver buffer comprised of a plurality of sub-buffers in a receiver that performs Reed-Solomon (RS) decoding on a frame received from a transmitter via a wireless network for a mobile communication system including a block interleaver used in the transmitter. The method and apparatus set input and output indexes of the received frame, and initial input and output addresses of the deinterleaver buffer for the received frame; input the received frame to the deinterleaver buffer according to the set input address; if deinterleaving for at least one of the sub-buffers has been completed, perform RS decoding on a deinterleaved first sub-buffer; and fill an empty region of other sub-buffers with a newly received frame, after completion of the RS decoding on the deinterleaved first sub-buffer.

Apparatus and method for receiving broadcasting service in a broadcasting system

A broadcasting receiving apparatus and method in a broadcasting system are provided. In a broadcasting receiver, a demodulator demodulates a received broadcasting signal, clips a soft metric value for the demodulated signal to a number of bits, and outputs the clipped soft metric value. A mapper maps the clipped soft metric value to an index value with a resolution inversely proportional to the quantization level of the soft metric value. A deinterleaver deinterleaves the index value and a demapper demaps the deinterleaved index value to a representative value being a soft metric value from a range of soft metric values mapped to the index value. A channel decoder decodes the representative value.

Interleaving.deinterleaving device and method for communication system

A device for sequentially storing input bit symbols of a given interleaver size N in a memory at an address from 0 to N-1 and reading the stored bit symbols from the memory. The device comprises a look-up table for providing a first variable m and a second variable J satisfying the equation N=2m×J; and an address generator for generating a read address depending on the first and second variables m and J provided from the look-up table. The read address is determined by 2m(K mod J)+BROm(K/J), where K (0≦K≦(N-1)) denotes a reading sequence, BROm(y) is the bit-reversed m-bit value of y and/is a function in which a quotient of K divided by d is obtained, the quotient being an integer.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PERFORMING CHANNEL DECODING OPERATION BASED ON EFFECTIVE NOISE IN MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

A method and apparatus are provided for performing a channel decoding operation based on effective noise in a mobile communication system. The method includes detecting effective noise including additive noise that occurs in a channel environment between the signal receiving apparatus and a signal transmitting apparatus and channel estimation noise that occurs during a channel estimating operation the signal receiving apparatus; generating a log likelihood ratio (LLR) based on the detected effective noise; and performing channel decoding based on the generated LLR. 18-. (canceled)9. A method for performing , by a signal receiving apparatus in a mobile communication system , a channel decoding operation based on effective noise , the method comprising:detecting a channel estimation noise that occurs during a channel estimating operation performed in the signal receiving apparatus;generating a log likelihood ratio (LLR) based on the channel estimation noise; andperforming a channel decoding operation based on the generated LLR.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein generating the LLR comprises generating the LLR based on the channel estimation noise and additive noise that occurs in a channel environment between the signal receiving apparatus and a signal transmitting apparatus.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the channel environment includes at least one of a delay power profile claim 10 , a Doppler spread claim 10 , and a signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR).12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the channel estimation noise is estimated using at least one of mathematical modeling claim 9 , a simulation claim 9 , and a statistical characteristic.13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the channel estimation noise is determined corresponding to a channel estimation scheme used in the signal receiving apparatus.14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the channel estimation noise is determined based on at least one of a channel environment between the signal receiving ...

Turbo interleaving apparatus and method

Forward error correction apparatus and method in a high-speed data transmission system

A forward error correction method for decoding coded bits transmitted over a radio channel after being generated by encoding binary bits with low density parity check matrixes. The method comprises converting each of the coded bits into a log likelihood ratio (LLR) value indicating a ratio of probability of zero to probability of one, and applying the converted values to variable nodes; delivering messages applied to the variable nodes to check nodes connected to the variable nodes; checking a message having a minimum value among the messages delivered from the variable nodes, and determining a sign of the message having the minimum value; receiving messages updated in the check nodes, adding up signs of the received messages and a sign of an initial message, applying a weighting factor of 1 when all signs are identical, and when all signs are not identical, updating a message of a variable node by applying a weighting factor having a predetermined value to the sum of messages received ...

Apparatus and method for calculating soft decision value input to channel decoder in a data communication system

A 64-ary QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) demodulation apparatus and method for receiving an input signal R_k(X_k,Y_k) comprised of a k^th quadrature-phase signal Y_k and a k^th in-phase signal X_k, and generating soft decision values Lambda(s_k,5), Lambda(s_k,4), Lambda(s_k,3), Lambda(s_k,2), Lambda(s_k,1) and Lambda(s_k,0) for the input signal R_k(X_k, Y_k) are disclosed. A first soft decision value generator receives the quadrature-phase signal Y_k of the received signal R_k and a distance value 2a between six demodulated symbols on the same axis, and generates soft decision values Lambda(s_k,5), Lambda(s_k,4) and Lambda(s_k,3) for sixth, fifth, and fourth demodulated symbols. A second soft decision value generator receives the in-phase signal X_k of the received ...

Pumping-Type Cosmetic Container Having Applicator Part

A pumping-type cosmetic container having a metal applicator part, particularly, a pumping-type cosmetic container in which a bottom surface structure of a container body is modified and an applicator part having functions of contents application and massage is coupled thereto, such that contents can be discharged while providing the same usability as a conventional pumping-type cosmetic container, and thus, it is possible to apply contents onto the skin and to massage the skin through the application part coupled to the bottom surface of the container body, thereby providing user convenience. 1. A pumping-type cosmetic container having a metal applicator part , comprising:a container body where contents are stored;a pumping member coupled to the upper portion of the container body and discharging the contents stored in the container body by means of pumping operation;a fixation body coupled as encasing the pumping member at the upper portion of the container body, and fixing the pumping member to the upper portion of the container body; anda button member disposed at the upper portion of the pumping member, and delivering pressure to the pumping member according to a user's pressurization, and inducing the pumping operation,wherein an applicator part which applies contents onto the skin is coupled to the lower end of the container body, and contents stored in the container body are discharged through pumping operation of the pumping member, and then the contents can be applied onto the skin through the applicator part coupled to the lower end of the container body.2. The pumping-type cosmetic container having a metal applicator part of claim 1 , further comprising:a contents-applying member which applies contents onto user's skin; a coupling part closing the lower end of the container body and coupled;a fixation part which extends from the lower end of the coupling part to the lower direction and forming a space where the contents-applying member is inserted, and ...

Apparatus and method for saving power by transmission interval in wireless communication system

An apparatus and a method for controlling power consumption of a terminal in a wireless communication system are provided. The method includes deactivating one or more of hardware components for signal reception in a transmission interval if there is no data to be received in the transmission interval, and receiving a control signal by activating all the components in a next transmission interval.

Apparatus and method for symbol combining in a mobile communication system

An apparatus and method for soft-combining demodulated symbols in a mobile communication system. In the mobile communication system, a transmitting apparatus modulates symbols in different modulation schemes and a receiving apparatus demodulates the modulation symbols in correspondence with the modulation schemes. The soft symbol combining apparatus includes an RWF calculator, an RWF controller, and a soft symbol controller. The RWF calculator calculates an energy of a modulation symbol from each of the modulation schemes and determines relative ratios of the energies to be RWFs for the modulation schemes. The RWF controller multiplies soft metrics of the demodulated soft symbols by the RWFs. Finally, the soft symbol controller combines the multiplied soft metrics.

Apparatus and method for generating and decoding forward error correction codes having variable rate in a high-rate wireless data communication system

An apparatus for generating Quasi-Complementary Duo-Binary Turbo Codes (QC-DBTC). The apparatus includes a QC-DBTC encoder which receives an information symbol stream and generates a plurality of systematic symbol streams and a plurality of parity symbol streams according to a given code rate. The apparatus further includes a quad-symbol mapper which quad-maps the systematic symbol streams to one symbol stream, a channel interleaver which independently interleaves the quad-mapped systematic symbol stream and the parity symbol streams, quad-demaps the quad-mapped systematic symbol stream, interlaces symbols in parity symbol streams, and serial-concatenates the quad-demapped systematic symbol stream to the interlaced parity symbol streams. A duo-binary turbo code generator is further provided to repeat the serial-concatenated symbol stream, and select a predetermined number of symbols from the repeated symbol stream according to a code rate and selection information, thereby generating QC-DBTC ...

Apparatus and method for generating and decoding codes in a communication system

An apparatus generates quasi-complementary turbo codes in a communication system. The apparatus includes a turbo encoder, an interleaver for interleaving symbols output from the turbo encoder according to a give rule, and a code generator for generating the quasi-complementary turbo codes by puncturing and repeating the interleaved symbols from the interleaver. Further, an apparatus decodes quasi-complementary turbo codes in the communication system. The decoding apparatus includes a code decoder for generating code symbols according to a code rate transmitted through depuncturing sub-codes of quasi-complementary turbo codes transmitted from a transmitter and soft combining the sub-codes, a deinterleaver for deinterleaving the symbols output from the code decoder, and a turbo decoder for decoding an output of the deinterleaver.

Apparatus and method for detecting transmitting rate of turbo decoder

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for detecting a data rate in a turbo decoder for a mobile communication system. When a rate selector selects one data rate among a plurality of data rates, a turbo decoder repeatedly decodes an input data frame within a predetermined repetition limit number using the selected data rate and outputs the decoded data. A CRC detector performs CRC check on the decoded data and outputs the CRC check result, and a decoding state measurer measures decoding quality depending on the decoded data and outputs decoding state information. A controller then sets the repetition limit number to a predetermined minimum value, controls the repetition limit number according to the decoding state information, controls the rate selector and determines a data rate of the input data depending on the CRC check result.

Method and device for transmitting packet data in mobile communication system

There is provided a device and method for transmitting packet data in a mobile communication system. A sub-code generator generates a plurality of sub-codes with the same or different code rates for the input of a PLP (Physical Layer Packet) information bit stream. A controller determines a minimum data rate by which the number of the modulation symbols of a sub-code generated by a predetermined modulation method is equal to or greater than the number of transmittable modulation symbols for each time period. A symbol pruner prunes part of the modulation symbols of the sub-code to make the number of the modulation symbols of the sub-code equal to the number of transmittable modulation symbols for the time period, if the number of the modulation symbols of the sub-code is greater than the number of transmittable modulation symbols for the time period.

Apparatus and method for efficiently transmitting broadcasting channel utilizing cyclic delay diversity

Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for efficiently transmitting a broadcasting channel by means of cyclic delay diversity in an OFDM mobile communication system. The method comprises the steps of setting each transmitter to have different delay values, the transmitter providing a service to adjacent service areas, generating OFDM signals including the broadcasting data by said each transmitter, delaying the OFDM signals by means of the different delay values, and transmitting the delayed OFDM signals by means of each transmitting apparatus.

Apparatus and method for calculating soft decision value input to channel decoder in a data communication system

A 64-ary QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) demodulation apparatus and method for receiving an input signal Rk(Xk,Yk) comprised of a kthquadrature-phase signal Ykand a kthin-phase signal Xk, and generating soft decision values Λ(sk,5), Λ(sk,4), Λ(sk,3), Λ(sk,2), Λ(sk,1) and Λ(sk,0) for the input signal Rk(Xk, Yk) are disclosed. A first soft decision value generator receives the quadrature-phase signal Ykof the received signal Rkand a distance value 2a between six demodulated symbols on the same axis, and generates soft decision values Λ(sk,5), Λ(sk,4) and Λ(sk,3) for sixth, fifth, and fourth demodulated symbols. A second soft decision value generator receives the in-phase signal Xkof the received signal Rkand the distance value 2a between the six demodulated symbols on the same axis, and generates soft decision values Λ(sk,2), Λ(sk,1) and Λ(sk,0) for third, second and first demodulated symbol.

Apparatus and method for generating codes in a communications system

There is provided an apparatus and method of generating two-dimensional QCTCs. The sub-code sets of QCTCs with given code rates are generated and the sub-codes are rearranged in a sub-code set with a different code rate, for use in the next transmission to a sub-code with a predetermined code rate.

Flexible data rate matching apparatus and method in a data communication system

There is provided a method for generating a stream of N symbols by puncturing a stream of repeated symbols in a system including an encoder for generating a stream of L symbols, a repeater for repeating the stream of L symbols, and a puncturer for puncturing the stream of repeated symbols and generating a stream of N symbols, where N is larger than L. The method comprises generating a stream of LM repeated symbols by repeating the stream of L symbols M times, where M is an minimum integer larger than N/L; calculating a first puncturing interval D1 defined as a minimum integer larger than LM/P for a number, P=LM−N, of symbols to be punctured, and a first symbol puncturing number P1 defined as a maximum integer smaller than LM/D1; calculating a second symbol puncturing number P2 indicating a difference between the number P of the symbols to be punctured and the first symbol puncturing number P1, and a second puncturing interval D2 defined as sD1 for a selected one integer s out of integers ...

Puncturing device and method for turbo encoder in mobile communication system

A puncturing device for a turbo encoder in a mobile communication system having a turbo encoder which turbo encodes input source data into a plurality of information frames and tail symbols at a given code rate is disclosed. The puncturing device comprises a frame generator for generating a transmission frame by performing puncturing and adding invalid symbols; and a controller for performing puncturing on the information frames according to the code rate, puncturing the tail symbols only when the number of punctured information frames and tail symbols exceeds a bit number according to a symbol rate, and otherwise, controlling the frame generator by reading a puncturing pattern according to the code rate and information about the number of invalid symbols.

Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving control information in wireless communication system

Methods, a Base Station (BS), and a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system for transmitting and receiving control information are provided. The method for transmitting control information by a BS in a wireless communication system includes receiving information related to a signal transmitted by a second BS that the second BS which is a neighboring BS of the first BS, determining whether a second UE using an identical resource to that used by a first UE included in a cell of the first BS exists within a cell of the second BS based on the received information, when the second UE exists, generating control information for controlling a signal transmitted to the second UE by the second BS based on the received information, and transmitting the generated control information to the first UE through a control channel.

Address generator and address generating method for use in a turbo interleaver/deinterleaver

An address generator and an address generating method are described. In the address generator, a first counter counts a plurality of clock pulses, generates a first group count, which indicates one of the group addresses of an interleaver block, at each clock pulse, and generates a carry after counting a predetermined number of clock pulses. A second counter receives the carry from the first counter, counts the plurality of carries, and generates a position count indicating one of the position addresses in each group. If the group count is one of the unavailable group count values representative of unavailable groups, or the group count is one of partially unavailable group count values representative of groups having both available and unavailable position addresses and the first position count is one of unavailable position count values representative of unavailable position addresses, a controller controls the first and second counters not to output the first group count and the first ...

Method and apparatus for generating a low-density parity check code

A low density parity check (LDPC) code generating method and apparatus are provided. A parity check matrix with (N-K) rows for check nodes and N columns for variable nodes are formed to encode an information sequence of length K to a codeword of length N. The parity check matrix is divided into an information part matrix with K columns and a parity part matrix with (N-k) columns. The parity part is divided into PxP subblocks. P is a divisor of (N-K). First and second diagonals are defined in the parity part matrix and the second diagonal is a shift of the first diagonal by f subblocks. Shifted identity matrices are placed on the first and second diagonals and zero matrices are filled elsewhere. An odd number of delta matrices each having only one element of 1 are placed in one subblock column of the parity part matrix. The parity check matrix is stored.

Apparatus and method for high-speed data communication in a mobile communication system with a plurality of transmitting and receiving antennas

An apparatus and method are provided for transmitting and receiving high-speed packet data without path loss in a mobile communication system with a plurality of transmitting and receiving antennas. To support high-speed data for a mobile station (MS), a base station (BS) identifies a correlation between the number of transmitting antennas and the number of receiving antennas using feedback information and determines whether to establish a relay transmission scheme. The BS determines if quality of service for the MS is satisfied when the number of transmitting antennas is grater than the number of receiving antennas according to the established relay transmission scheme. When the quality of service for the MS is not satisfied, the BS transmits the high-speed data through a specific node group adjacent to the MS.

Apparatus and method for carrier frequency synchronization in an OFDM system

An apparatus and method for carrier frequency synchronization in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system are provided for correcting an initial carrier frequency offset in the OFDM system. A metric generator for frequency estimation performs a first accumulation process for a value computed by multiplying a Phase Reference Symbol (PRS) generated from a reception stage by a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) output signal for an OFDM symbol in a PRS position within a frame, acquires a differential symbol from a product of adjacent FFT output symbols, performs a second accumulation process for a real part extracted from the differential symbol, and outputs a metric value for the frequency estimation. A maximal value-related index generator compares metric values for initial frequency estimation within a predetermined frequency offset estimation range, and selects and outputs a maximal metric value as a frequency offset estimate.

Automatic gain control apparatus and method in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access system

An automatic gain control (AGC) apparatus of a wireless mobile terminal, and method, in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system. A gain amplifier controls an amplification gain of received analog symbols. An analog-to-digital converter converts the received analog symbols into a digital signal. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) unit converts the digital signal into a frequency-domain signal. A power measurer measures power in the frequency domain in units of sub-carriers. A sub-carrier power accumulator detects a sub-carrier carrying a signal, and accumulates its power value. A sub-carrier average power measurer estimates an average power value transmitted per sub-carrier from the accumulated power value. A control means compares the estimated average power value with a reference power value, and generates a control signal used for controlling a gain of the gain amplifier according to the comparison result.

Communication device and method of controlling same

Apparatuses, methods, and systems of measuring received power are described, including apparatuses, methods, and systems which can measure received power, even when the subcarrier offset of the measurement bandwidth is different from the subcarrier bandwidth of the cell bandwidth. A method includes receiving, via a transceiver, first channel state information including a first index associated with first subcarrier offset information from a first Base Station (BS); receiving, via the transceiver, a plurality of Resource Blocks (RBs) from a second BS; configuring a second index associated with the plurality of RBs, instead of the first index, when the first index is different from the second index; measuring a received power based on the plurality of RBs from the second BS by using the second index; and identifying the measured received power as a valid received power.

Apparatus and method for controlling hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) in a mobile communication system

A Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) control apparatus and method for detecting a message received over a packet data control channel in a mobile communication system are provided in which a base station transmits a packet data control message over at least one packet data control channel and transmits packet data to a mobile station over a packet data channel. A control channel decoder decodes a control message received over the packet data control channel. Based on the decoded control message, the HARQ controller determines at least one of whether to perform demodulation and decoding on a packet received over the packet data channel, whether to update a Walsh mask, and whether to perform state transition on the mobile station. The HARQ controller based on the determination performs at least one of the following functions: outputs demodulation and decoding parameters, updates a Walsh mask, and outputs a state transition value to an upper layer. A data channel demodulator demodulates ...

Apparatus and method for allocating frequency resources in mobile communication system

Disclosed is an apparatus and a method for effectively allocating frequency resources in a mobile communication system. The method includes: determining a first offset of a preset frequency band from among all frequency bands, determining a second offset corresponding to a symbol unit in the preset frequency band, and allocating frequency resources to data, the frequency resources corresponding to a sum of the first offset and the second offset.

Transmission/reception apparatus and method in a mobile communication system

Disclosed is a transmission/reception apparatus and method for providing compatibility between Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) in a forward link. The proposed transmission/reception apparatus and method uses a traffic channel based on OFDM while using a pilot channel and a sync channel used in the CDMA scheme. Thus, a transmitter adds a pilot channel signal and a sync channel signal to OFDM-modulated symbols before transmission, and a receiver acquires a pilot channel signal and a sync channel signal, and removes them from a received signal, thereby outputting only pure OFDM-modulated symbols.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR BLOCK INTERLEAVING IN MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

A method and apparatus for block interleaving that eliminates the step of intermediary buffering. The method includes: (a) calculating a memory address at which first output data, of which number is equal to the number of rows of a first encoder is stored, (b) storing the first output data at the calculated memory address of a circular buffer, (c) storing second output data at an address which is incremented by a specific constant value from the calculated memory address of the circular buffer, and (d) storing (n+1)th output data at an address which is incremented by n from the calculated memory address of the circular buffer.

Rate matching device and method for a date communication system

A device and method for rate matching channel-encoded symbols in a data communication system. The rate matching device and method can be applied to a data communication system which uses one or both of a non-systematic code (such as a convolutional code or a linear block code) and a systematic code (such as a turbo code). In one aspect, the rate matching device includes a plurality of rate matching blocks, the number of the rate matching blocks being equal to a reciprocal of a coding rate of a channel encoder. The rate matching device can rate match the symbols encoded with a non-systematic code or the symbols encoded with a systematic code, by changing initial parameters including the number of input symbols, the number of output symbols, and the puncturing or repetition pattern determining parameters.

Apparatus and method for receiving data through channels in mobile communication system

An apparatus for receiving data through channels in a communication system including a first channel for transmitting control information related to a second channel and the second channel for transmitting packet data, the apparatus comprising: a first channel decoder for decoding the first channel and outputting control information; an active Walsh mask storing section for storing a Walsh mask acquired from the control information; a second channel decoder for decoding the second channel using the Walsh mask stored in the active Walsh mask storing section and outputting a decoding result; and a control unit for changing the Walsh mask to a previous Walsh mask if a Walsh mask error is determined according the decoding result.

Method and apparatus for code block segmentation in a mobile communication system

A method for segmenting an information word into code blocks in a mobile communication system. The method includes setting a number C of code blocks to a minimum integer not less than a value obtained by dividing X by Z; when sizes K of all code blocks are determined to be equal when a length X of the information word is greater than a maximum length Z of each code block, determining a minimum integer value T not less than a value obtained by dividing a size of the information word by a number of code blocks, and determining, as K, a maximum value most approaching the value T among the values based on which a size of the code block can be set in units of eight bits; and generating a code block by inserting filler bits into a specific code block when a value obtained by multiplying K by C is greater than X.

Apparatus and method for generating and decoding forward error correction codes having variable rate in a high-rate wireless data communication system

An apparatus for generating Quasi-Complementary Duo-Binary Turbo Codes (QC-DBTC). The apparatus includes a QC-DBTC encoder which receives an information symbol stream and generates a plurality of systematic symbol streams and a plurality of parity symbol streams according to a given code rate. The apparatus further includes a quad-symbol mapper which quad-maps the systematic symbol streams to one symbol stream, a channel interleaver which independently interleaves the quad-mapped systematic symbol stream and the parity symbol streams, quad-demaps the quad-mapped systematic symbol stream, interlaces symbols in parity symbol streams, and serial-concatenates the quad-demapped systematic symbol stream to the interlaced parity symbol streams. A duo-binary turbo code generator is further provided to repeat the serial-concatenated symbol stream, and select a predetermined number of symbols from the repeated symbol stream according to a code rate and selection information, thereby generating QC-DBTC ...

Method and apparatus for controlling modem in wireless communication system

Disclosed is a terminal in a communication system including a transceiver, and at least one processor configured to generate modem control information, transmit, to a server, the modem control information through the transceiver, when the generated modem control information includes location information of the terminal, receive, from the server, the modem control information related to an estimated movement path of the terminal, the estimated movement path being determined based on the location information of the terminal, and perform a communication using the updated modem control information, wherein the updated modem control information includes at least one of cell identity information, signal strength per cell, frequency offset, timing offset, channel state information (CSI), interference information, and downlink configuration information.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CALIBRATION OF TRANSMITTER IN COMMUNICATION DEVICE

A method and an apparatus for calibration of a transmitter not having a Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) filter are provided. The apparatus includes a calibration unit for outputting a detuning signal by which a resonance frequency of a Radio Frequency (RF) circuit is detuned with respect to a transmit operating frequency, and an RF unit for changing the resonance frequency according to the detuning signal and for outputting an out-of-band noise and a transmit signal having a relatively lower power than that of a case where the resonance frequency and the transmit operating frequency are tuned to each other. 1. A communication apparatus , the apparatus comprising:a calibration unit configured to output a detuning signal by which a resonance frequency of a Radio Frequency (RF) circuit is detuned with respect to a transmit operating frequency; andan RF unit configured to change the resonance frequency based on the detuning signal and configured to output an out-of-band noise and a transmit signal having a relatively lower power than that of a case where the resonance frequency and the transmit operating frequency are tuned to each other.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the detuning signal comprises a signal for controlling a reactance value of a variable reactance element included in the RF circuit.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the RF circuit is further configured to change a resonance frequency of BALance-UNbalance (BALUN) included in the RF circuit according to the detuning signal.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the calibration unit is further configured to output the detuning signal which changes the resonance frequency to a lower frequency when the receive frequency band is higher than the transmit frequency band claim 1 , and to output the detuning signal which changes the resonance frequency to a higher frequency when the receive frequency band is lower than the transmit frequency band.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , before changing ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING CONTROL INFORMATION IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Methods, a Base Station (BS), and a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system for transmitting and receiving control information are provided. The method for transmitting control information by a BS in a wireless communication system includes receiving information related to a signal transmitted by a second BS that the second BS which is a neighboring BS of the first BS, determining whether a second UE using an identical resource to that used by a first UE included in a cell of the first BS exists within a cell of the second BS based on the received information, when the second UE exists, generating control information for controlling a signal transmitted to the second UE by the second BS based on the received information, and transmitting the generated control information to the first UE through a control channel. 1. A method for transmitting control information by a first Base Station (BS) in a wireless communication system , the method comprising:receiving information, related to a signal transmitted by a second BS, from the second BS that is a neighboring BS of the first BS;determining whether a second User Equipment (UE) using an identical resource to that used by a first UE included in a cell of the first BS exists within a cell of the second BS based on the received information;when the second UE exists, generating control information for controlling a signal transmitted to the second UE by the second BS based on the received information; andtransmitting the generated control information to the first UE through a control channel.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the generated control information is transmitted to the first UE through one of a Common Search Space (CSS) and a UE specific Search Space (USS) within a Physical Downlink Control CHannel (PDCCH) of the first BS.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the information for the controlling of the signal transmitted to the second UE by the second BS comprises a modulation order for the signal ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SIGNALING POWER INFORMATION IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

A method and apparatus for signaling power information in a wireless communication system are provided. A base station apparatus co-schedules a plurality of User Equipments (UEs) to at least one resource element, and transmits power information indicating transmit power values, which are allocated for the co-scheduled UEs, to the co-scheduled UEs. The power information includes first power information including information about a pilot signal power value and a transmit power value for a first UE among the co-scheduled UEs, and second power information indicating a transmit power value for each of at least one second UE except for the first UE among the co-scheduled UEs. 1. A method for signaling power information in a wireless communication system , the method comprising:co-scheduling a plurality of User Equipments (UEs) to at least one resource element;generating power information indicating transmit power values which are allocated for the co-scheduled UEs; andtransmitting the generated power information to at least one of the co-scheduled UEs.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the power information includes first power information including information about a pilot signal power value and a transmit power value for a first UE among the co-scheduled UEs claim 1 , and second power information indicating a transmit power value for each of at least one second UE except for the first UE among the co-scheduled UEs.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first power information is transmitted over a semi-static control channel and the second power information is transmitted over a dynamic control channel.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first power information includes information indicating a ratio of a transmit power value for the first UE to the pilot signal power value.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the second power information includes information indicating a ratio of a transmit power value for the second UE to the pilot signal power value.6. The method ...

PUMPING-TYPE COSMETIC CONTAINER HAVING METAL APPLICATOR

A pumping-type cosmetic container having a metal applicator, in which it is possible that an applicator made of a metal material is coupled to a front part of a button member, such that the contents can be applied through the applicator immediately after contents are discharged through a pumping operation. The warmth or cold can be delivered to the skin during the application of the contents to the skin through the applicator made of the metal material, thereby enabling facial skin metabolism to be promoted and skin elasticity to improve. 1. A pumping-type cosmetic container having a metal applicator , comprising:a container body where contents are stored;a pumping member coupled to the upper portion of the container body and discharging the contents stored in the container body by means of pumping operation;a fixation body coupled as encasing the pumping member at the upper portion of the container body, and fixing the pumping member to the upper portion of the container body; anda button member disposed at the upper portion of the pumping member, and delivering pressure to the pumping member according to user's pressurization, and inducing the pumping operation,wherein a discharge outlet is formed such that contents can be discharged to the outside, a securing part is provided at the inner side of the discharge outlet such that an applicator, made of metal, applying contents onto skin can be secured, and a contents movement hole is formed at the bottom surface of the securing part such that the contents moving to the upper portion thereof through pumping operation of the pumping member can move to the discharge outlet.2. A pumping-type cosmetic container having a metal applicator , comprising:a container body storing contents;a pumping member coupled to the upper portion of the container body and discharging the contents stored in the container body by means of pumping operation;a fixation body coupled as encasing the pumping member at the upper portion of the ...

DEVICE AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING TRANSMISSION POWER

A method of controlling transmission power used for wireless transmission in a wireless communication device including calculating a remaining power level of a third period based on a tolerant power level of a first period and a remaining power level of a second period, the third period included in the first period and being a period from a current time to a point in time following the current time, the second period being a period from the current time to a point in time preceding the current time, calculating a transmission power level of the third period based on a target power level and the remaining power level of the third period, and generating a power control signal for determining a power level of a transmission signal unit based on the transmission power level of the third period may be provided. 1. A method of controlling transmission power used for wireless transmission in a wireless communication device , the method comprising:calculating a remaining power level of a third period based on a tolerant power level of a first period and a remaining power level of a second period, the third period included in the first period and being a period from a current time to a point in time following the current time, the second period being a period from the current time to a point in time preceding the current time;calculating a transmission power level of the third period based on a target power level and the remaining power level of the third period; andgenerating a power control signal for determining a power level of a transmission signal unit based on the transmission power level of the third period.2. The method of claim 1 , whereinthe first period is equal to a sum of the second period and the third period, and calculating a tolerant power level of the third period from the tolerant power level of the first period, and', 'adding the remaining power level of the second period to the tolerant power level of the third period to calculate the remaining power ...

COSMETIC CONTAINER WITH DOUBLE DISCHARGE MEANS

The present invention relates to a cosmetic container with a double discharge means, particularly a cosmetic container with a double discharge means in which a pumping member provided with a contents suction tube is configured to be detachable from a container body, wherein an applicator with a contents-moving hole is formed therein at the lower end of the contents suction tube so as to be connected with the contents suction tube, such that the contents can be discharged through a pumping operation of the pumping member as needed or withdrawn through the applicator by detaching a pump support body. 1. A cosmetic container with a double discharge means , comprising:a container body storing contents;a pumping member coupled to the upper portion of the container body and discharging the contents stored in the container body to the outside through a pumping operation, and provided with a contents suction tube suctioning the contents stored in the container body at the lower portion thereof;a pump support body coupled to the pumping member and supporting the pumping member, and provided with a coupling part which is formed with a screw thread for screw-coupling with the container body at the inner side thereof for being able to be attached to and detached from the upper portion of the container body;a button member coupled to the upper portion of the pumping member and delivering pressure generated according to user's pressurizing to the pumping member and inducing the pumping operation, and provided with a contents discharge hole such that the contents can be discharged to the outside through the pumping operation of the pumping member;an applicator coupled to the lower portion of the contents suction tube, formed with a contents-moving hole at the lower end thereof such that the contents can move to the contents suction tube when the pumping member performs a pumping operation, and applying the contents covered on the outer circumferential surface thereof onto user's ...

DEVICE AND METHOD OF UPLINK POWER CONTROL

A method of uplink power control including generating a transmission power control (TPC) sequence from TPC commands received on a series of slots, the series of slots forming one radio frame, calculating a plurality of correlation results by executing correlation calculations between the TPC sequence and a plurality of command sequences, and determining an overall TPC command based on the plurality of correlation results may be provided. 1. A method of uplink power control , the method comprising:generating a transmission power control (TPC) sequence from TPC commands, the TPC commands received on a series of slots, the series of slots forming one radio frame;calculating a plurality of correlation results by executing correlation calculations between a plurality of TPC sequences and a plurality of command sequences; anddeciding an overall TPC command based on the plurality of correlation results.2. The method of claim 1 , whereineach of the plurality of command sequences corresponds to one of uplink power-up, uplink power-down, or uplink power-hold, andthe deciding an overall TPC command includes deciding the overall TPC command as one of the uplink power-up, uplink power-down, or uplink power-hold based on a maximum correlation result from among the plurality of correlation results.3. The method of claim 1 , whereinthe TPC sequence comprises five elements, the five elements corresponding to five slots, respectively,the plurality of command sequences comprise a first sequence [s, s, s, s, s], a second sequence [−s, −s, −s, −s, −s], a third sequence [−s, s, −s, s, −s], and a fourth sequence [s, −s, s, −s, s] (where s is a positive real number), andthe calculating a plurality of correlation results includes calculating first to fourth correlation results by executing a correlation calculation between each of the first to fourth sequences and the TPC sequence.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the deciding an overall TPC command comprises:extracting a maximum ...

SHAKINESS CORRECTING METHOD AND APPARATUS

A shakiness correcting method includes: generating, based on motion sensing data, first filtering data to be applied to a first mode; generating, based on the motion sensing data, second filtering data to be applied to a second mode; and selectively performing shakiness correction on one of the first filtering data and the second filtering data according to mode selection information, wherein the generating of the first filtering data and the generating of the second filtering data are performed in a mutually parallel manner. 1. A shakiness correcting method comprising:generating, based on motion sensing data, first filtering data to be applied to a first mode;generating, based on the motion sensing data, second filtering data to be applied to a second mode; andselectively performing shakiness correction on one of the first filtering data and the second filtering data according to mode selection information,wherein the generating of the first filtering data and the generating of the second filtering data are performed in a mutually parallel manner.2. The shakiness correcting method of claim 1 , further comprising:generating the motion sensing data in response to movement of an imaging apparatus,wherein the generating of the first filtering data and the generating of the second filtering data are repeatedly and continuously performed while the motion sensing data is being generated.3. The shakiness correcting method of claim 1 , wherein the generating of the first filtering data and the generating of the second filtering data are alternately and repeatedly performed in a time division manner.4. The shakiness correcting method of claim 1 , wherein:the generating of the first filtering data is performed by filtering the motion sensing data to a first cutoff range; andthe generating of the second filtering data is performed by filtering the motion sensing data to a second cutoff range.5. The shakiness correcting method of claim 4 , wherein the first mode is a panning ...

Method and apparatus for wireless communication using modulation, coding schemes, and channel quality indicators

A wireless communication method including receiving, through a wireless channel, table indication information indicating one of a first Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) table supporting up to 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) and second and third MCS tables supporting up to 256 QAM, the third MCS table including a same number of MCS indices as the second MCS table and including less MCS indices corresponding to 256 QAM than the second MCS table, and identifying one of the first to third MCS tables according to the received table indication information to recognize a demodulation scheme for data to be received through the wireless channel may be provided.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR RECEPTION USING ITERATIVE DETECTION AND DECODING

A method of iterative detection and decoding by a receiver and a receiver for iterative detection and decoding. The method includes generating a channel estimated value using a received signal; storing the generated channel estimated value; generating a Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR) value using the received signal and the stored channel estimated value; and generating a decoded bit as feedback information using the LLR value, wherein the LLR value is iteratively regenerated using the generated feedback information, the stored channel estimated value, and the received signal. 110-. (canceled)11. A method of iterative detection and decoding by a receiver , the method comprising:generating a channel estimated value using a received signal;generating a first Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR) value which is not influenced by feedback information using the received signal and the channel estimated value;storing the generated first LLR value;generating a second LLR value which is influenced by the feedback information using the received signal, the channel estimated value, and the feedback information;generating a total LLR value by adding the second LLR value to the stored first LLR value; andgenerating the feedback information including decoded bit information using the total LLR value,wherein the second LLR value is iteratively regenerated using the received signal, the generated feedback information, and the channel estimated value.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein generating the second LLR value and generating the total LLR value are performed in a predetermined maximum number of iterations.13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising receiving the received signal via at least one antenna.14. The method of claim 11 , further comprising filtering the received signal.15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising storing the filtered claim 14 , received signal.16. A receiver for iterative detection and decoding claim 14 , the receiver comprising:a channel estimator ...

Wireless communication device including memory de-allocator for efficient memory usage and method of operating the same

Some example embodiments include methods of operating a wireless communication device supporting carrier aggregation, the methods include allocating a memory of a plurality of memories to each of a plurality of component carriers based on a memory allocation priority; determining a demodulation priority for each of the plurality of component carriers based on one of a size of each memory allocated to each of the plurality of component carriers, and the memory allocation priority; and demodulating signals received via the plurality of component carriers based on the demodulation priority.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SAVING POWER BY TRANSMISSION INTERVAL IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

An apparatus and a method for controlling power consumption of a terminal in a wireless communication system are provided. The method includes deactivating one or more of hardware components for signal reception in a transmission interval if there is no data to be received in the transmission interval, and receiving a control signal by activating all the components in a next transmission interval. 1. A method for operating a terminal in a wireless communication system , the method comprising:activating components for processing signals;receiving a control information through a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in a first period of a downlink subframe; anddeactivating a subset of the components in a second period of the downlink subframe, based on a result of decoding the received control information, while maintaining an active mode.2. The method of claim 1 ,wherein the deactivating the subset of the components comprises using at least one control signal to deactivate the subset of the component, andwherein the at least one control signal comprises at least one signal for switching a state of at least one of the subset of the components, or at least one signal for disabling a power supply circuit for at least one of the subset of the components.3. The method of claim 1 ,wherein the deactivating the subset of the components comprises using a first control signal to deactivate a first component of the component and a second control signal to deactivate a second component of the component,wherein the first control signal is used to control the first component, andwherein the second control signal is used to control a power supply circuit for the second component.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a duration of the second period depends on the result of decoding the received control information.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the deactivating the subset of the components in the second period of the downlink subframe comprises:deactivating the subset of the ...

COMMUNICATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE SAME

Methods and apparatuses are provided for controlling a communication device. A first subframe is received from a serving cell and a plurality of subframes is received from a plurality of neighbor cells. A respective time difference of arrival (TDOA) is measured for each of the plurality of subframes based on a time of arrival (TOA) of the first subframe. At least one of the measured TDOAs is transmitted to a location server. The respective TDOAs are measured based on at least one of a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) and a synchronization signal in the plurality of subframes. 1. A communication device comprising:a transceiver;a memory electrically connected with the transceiver; anda processor electrically connected with the transceiver and the memory, receive a first subframe from a serving cell and a plurality of subframes from a plurality of neighbor cells;', 'measure a respective time difference of arrival (TDOA) for each of the plurality of subframes based on a time of arrival (TOA) of the first subframe; and', 'transmit at least one of the measured TDOAs to a location server, and, 'wherein the processor is configured towherein the respective TDOAs are measured based on at least one of a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) and a synchronization signal in the plurality of subframes.2. The communication device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of the measured TDOAs is determined according to a strength of received power measured based on the CRS to the location server.3. The communication device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of subframes further comprise a positioning reference signal (PRS).4. The communication device of claim 3 , wherein the processor is further configured to combine the PRS and the at least one of the CRS and the synchronization signal and to measure the respective TDOAs based on a signal obtained by combining the PRS and the at least one of the CRS and the synchronization signal.5. The communication device of claim 3 , wherein ...

CIRCUIT, APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ANTENNA MODE STEERING

An Antenna Mode Steering (AMS) method in a signal receiving apparatus using at least one antenna is provided. The method includes measuring a received signal quality of a signal received through the at least one antenna for each of antenna modes available in the signal receiving apparatus, and selecting a specific antenna mode from among the antenna modes as an antenna mode to be used in the signal receiving apparatus based on the measured received signal quality. 1. An Antenna Mode Steering (AMS) method in a signal receiving apparatus using at least one antenna , the AMS method comprising:measuring a received signal quality of a signal received through the at least one antenna for each of antenna modes available in the signal receiving apparatus; andselecting a specific antenna mode from among the antenna modes as an antenna mode to be used in the signal receiving apparatus based on the measured received signal quality.2. The AMS method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the received signal quality includes at least one of an operating situation indicator indicating an operating situation of the signal receiving apparatus claim 1 , a transmission channel indicator indicating a transmission channel situation of the signal receiving apparatus claim 1 , decoding information quality information of the signal receiving apparatus claim 1 , and channel quality information of the signal receiving apparatus.3. The AMS method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the operating situation indicator includes at least one of sensing values sensed in at least one sensor included in the signal receiving apparatus.4. The AMS method as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the at least one sensor may be at least one of an acceleration sensor claim 3 , a gravitational sensor claim 3 , and a proximity sensor.5. The AMS method as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the operating situation indicator includes information indicating whether an external device is connected to the signal receiving apparatus.6. The ...

COMMUNICATION DEVICE AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING SAME

Apparatuses, methods, and systems of measuring received power are described, including apparatuses, methods, and systems which can measure received power, even when the subcarrier offset of the measurement bandwidth is different from the subcarrier bandwidth of the cell bandwidth. In one method, the first received power of a plurality of Resource Blocks (RBs) received from a second Base Station (BS) are measured based on first channel state information received from a first BS. Based on the determination whether a value of an index included in the first channel state information is larger than a predetermined value, at least one of second received power, third received power, and fourth received power of the plurality of RBs is measured by using second channel state information including an alternative index determined based on the first channel state information based on a result of the determination. 1. A communication device comprising:a transceiver that receives first channel state information from a first Base Station (BS) and receives a plurality of Resource Blocks (RBs) from a second BS;a memory that stores the first channel state information and second channel state information including an alternative index determined based on the first channel state information; anda processor electrically connected to the transceiver and the memory,wherein the processor measures first received power of the plurality of RBs based on the first channel state information, determines whether a value of an index included in the first channel state information is larger than a predetermined value, and measures at least one received power of second received power, third received power, and fourth received power of the plurality of RBs by using the second channel state information based on a result of the determination.2. The communication device of claim 1 , wherein the index and the alternative index include subcarrier offset (k) information on the plurality of RBs.3. The ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING CONTROL INFORMATION IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Methods, a Base Station (BS), and a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system for transmitting and receiving control information are provided. The method for transmitting control information by a BS in a wireless communication system includes receiving information related to a signal transmitted by a second BS that the second BS which is a neighboring BS of the first BS, determining whether a second UE using an identical resource to that used by a first UE included in a cell of the first BS exists within a cell of the second BS based on the received information, when the second UE exists, generating control information for controlling a signal transmitted to the second UE by the second BS based on the received information, and transmitting the generated control information to the first UE through a control channel. 1. A method for receiving control information by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system supporting communication via a backhaul link between a first base station (BS) and a second BS , the method comprising:receiving, from the first BS, control information for cancelling an interference caused to the UE by a downlink transmission of the second BS which is a neighboring BS of the first BS, the control information including information associated with multiple input multiple output (MIMO) used for the downlink transmission of the second BS; andcancelling, based on the received control information, the interference caused to the UE by the downlink transmission by the second BS.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the control information comprises information on a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) used for the downlink transmission of the second BS.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the control information comprises information associated with a plurality of transport blocks used for the downlink transmission of the second BS.4. A user equipment (UE) for receiving control information in a wireless communication system supporting ...

ELECTROLYTE ADDITIVE AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY COMPRISING THE SAME

Provided is an electrolyte additive including a salt of an anion represented by Chemical Formula 1 below, with Cs or Rb: 4. The electrolyte additive of claim 1 , further comprising:{'sub': 3', '3', '2', '2', '2', '2', '4', '2', '2', '4', '2, 'at least one salt selected from the group consisting of CsCFSO, CsPOF, CsPF(CO)and CsB(CO).'}5. A non-aqueous electrolyte comprising:a lithium salt;a non-aqueous organic solvent; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the electrolyte additive of .'}6. The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 5 , wherein the content of the electrolyte additive is 0.05 to 10 wt % based on the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte.7. The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 5 , wherein the lithium salt includes at least one selected from the group consisting of LiPF claim 5 , LiAsF claim 5 , LiCFSO claim 5 , LiN(CFSO) claim 5 , LiBF claim 5 , LiSbF claim 5 , LiAlO claim 5 , LiAlCl claim 5 , and LiClO.8. The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 5 , wherein the lithium salt includes LiPF.9. The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 5 , wherein the non-aqueous organic solvent includes at least one selected from the group consisting of an ether claim 5 , an ester claim 5 , an amide claim 5 , a linear carbonate claim 5 , a cyclic carbonate claim 5 , a phosphate-based compound claim 5 , a nitrile-based compound claim 5 , a fluorinated ether-based compound claim 5 , and a fluorinated aromatic compound.10. A lithium secondary battery comprising:a cathode including a cathode active material;an anode including an anode active material;a separator interposed between the cathode and the anode; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00005', 'claim 5'}, 'the non-aqueous electrolyte of .'}11. The lithium secondary battery of claim 10 , wherein the cathode active material includes at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by Chemical Formulas 6 to 8 below:{'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'c', '2, 'Li[NiCoMn]O\u2003\u2003[Chemical Formula ...

VIRTUAL RECEPTION DIVERSITY APPARATUS AND METHOD IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

A receiving apparatus in a wireless communication system is provided. The receiving apparatus includes a first interference cancellation unit configured to cancel interference from a received signal that is received through an antenna according to a first scheme, a second interference cancellation unit configured to cancel interference from the received signal that is received through the antenna according to a second scheme, and a combination unit configured to combine the signal from which interference is cancelled according to the first scheme and the signal from which interference is cancelled according to the second scheme. 1. A receiving apparatus in a wireless communication system , the receiving apparatus comprising:a first interference cancellation unit configured to cancel interference from a received signal that is received through an antenna according to a first scheme;a second interference cancellation unit configured to cancel interference from the received signal that is received through the antenna according to a second scheme; anda combination unit configured to combine the signal from which interference is cancelled according to the first scheme and the signal from which interference is cancelled according to the second scheme.2. The receiving apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:an equalization unit configured to equalize the interference-cancelled signal.3. The receiving apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first scheme corresponds to an interference cancellation scheme for canceling co-channel interference claim 1 , andwherein the second scheme corresponds to an interference cancellation scheme for canceling adjacent channel interference.4. The receiving apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a control unit configured to determine combination ratios for combination of the interference-cancelled signals.5. The receiving apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the control unit determines the combination ratios according to a Maximum Ratio Combining ( ...

ETCHING COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR FABRICATING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE BY USING THE SAME

An etching composition selectively removes a titanium nitride film from a stacked conductive film structure including a titanium nitride (TiN) film and a tantalum nitride (TaN) film. The etching composition configured to etch titanium nitride (TiN) includes 5 wt % to 30 wt % of hydrogen peroxide, 15 wt % to 50 wt % of acid compound, and 0.001 wt % to 5 wt % of corrosion inhibitor, with respect to a total weight of the etching composition, wherein the acid compound includes at least one of phosphoric acid (HPO), nitric acid (HNO), hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydroiodic acid (HI), hydrobromic acid (HBr), perchloric acid (HNO), silicic acid (HSiO), boric acid (HBO), acetic acid (CHCOOH), propionic acid (CHCOOH), lactic acid (CHCH(OH)COOH), and glycolic acid (HOCHCOOH). 1. An etching composition having an etching selectivity for titanium nitride (TiN) , the etching composition comprising:5 wt % to 30 wt % of hydrogen peroxide, 15 wt % to 50 wt % of an acid compound, and 0.001 wt % to 5 wt % of a corrosion inhibitor, with respect to a total weight of the etching composition,{'sub': 3', '4', '3', '4', '2', '3', '3', '3', '3', '2', '5', '3', '2, 'wherein the acid compound includes at least one of phosphoric acid (HPO), nitric acid (HNO), hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydroiodic acid (HI), hydrobromic acid (HBr), perchloric acid (HClO), silicic acid (HSiO), boric acid (HBO), acetic acid (CHCOOH), propionic acid (CHCOOH), lactic acid (CHCH(OH)COOH), and glycolic acid (HOCHCOOH).'}2. The etching composition of claim 1 , wherein the acid compound comprises phosphoric acid.3. The etching composition of claim 1 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises at least one of ammonium peroxysulfate claim 1 , ammonium sulfate claim 1 , monoammonium phosphate claim 1 , diammonium phosphate claim 1 , triammonium phosphate claim 1 , ammonium chloride claim 1 , ammonium acetate claim 1 , ammonium carbonate claim 1 , ammonium nitrate claim 1 , ammonium iodide claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,4- ...

ANTENNA TUNING DEVICES AND ANTENNA TUNING METHODS

Antenna tuning may include performing multiple sampling on a transmission signal applied to an antenna and a reception signal corresponding to the transmission signal during a period for which a first frequency is allocated to the transmission signal, such that sampling data are generated based on the multiple sampling, the sampling data including data corresponding to the transmission signal and data corresponding to the reception signal. The method may include calculating a parameter based on the sampling data, and tuning the antenna based on the parameter. A device may include a control circuit to perform the multiple sampling and set a tuning value, a radio frequency front-end to modulate the transmission signal based on the frequency and apply a return signal of the transmission signal or a reflection signal, and an antenna tuner to adjust a resonance frequency or an impedance of the antenna according to the tuning value. 1. An operation method of an antenna tuning device , the operation method comprising:generating first sampling data based on sampling a forward reception signal corresponding to a return signal of a first transmission signal allocated to a first frequency and applied to an antenna in a first sampling period;generating second sampling data based on sampling a reverse reception signal corresponding to a reflection signal of a second transmission signal allocated to the first frequency and applied to the antenna in a second sampling period;calculating a reflection coefficient based on the first sampling data and the second sampling data;compensating for the reflection coefficient to generate a compensated reflection coefficient based on a reference frequency; andsetting a tuning value associated with compensating for an impedance mismatch of the antenna based on the compensated reflection coefficient.2. The operation method of claim 1 , wherein the reflection coefficient is calculated based on a ratio betweena maximum value of a correlation ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SAVING POWER BY TRANSMISSION INTERVAL IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

An apparatus and a method for controlling power consumption of a terminal in a wireless communication system are provided. The method includes deactivating one or more of hardware components for signal reception in a transmission interval if there is no data to be received in the transmission interval, and receiving a control signal by activating all the components in a next transmission interval.

CONTAINER FOR DISCHARGING CONTENTS

The container for discharging contents includes a container body, in which contents are accommodated, and a dropper portion detachably coupled to an upper portion of the container body and configured to suction and discharge the contents in the container body, wherein the dropper portion includes: an inner cap detachably coupled to the upper portion of the container body; a pipette portion coupled to the inner cap to communicate with an inside of the inner cap and having at least part thereof accommodated in the container body to suction the contents; a pressing portion configured to discharge the contents suctioned into the pipette portion by pressing; and a button portion including an elastic member which is formed under the pressing portion to be disposed inside the inner cap and provides an elastic force to the pressing portion, wherein the elastic member is accommodated in an uncompressed state in the inner cap. 1. A container for discharging contents , comprising:a container body configured to accommodate contents therein; and an inner cap detachably coupled to the upper portion of the container body;', 'a pipette portion coupled to the inner cap to communicate with an inside of the inner cap and having at least a part thereof accommodated in the container body to suction the contents;', 'a pressing portion configured to discharge the contents suctioned into the pipette portion by pressing; and', 'a button portion comprising an elastic member, wherein the elastic member is formed under the pressing portion to be disposed inside the inner cap and provides an elastic force to the pressing portion, and', 'wherein the elastic member is accommodated in an uncompressed state in the inner cap and integrally lifted with the pressing portion from the inside of the inner cap according to separation of the dropper portion, and at least a part of the pressing portion protrudes outward due to the lifting of the pressing portion., 'a dropper portion detachably coupled to an ...

Lipstick Container

A lipstick container has a magnet and a metal, or two magnets, installed respectively at the inner side of a rotation body and the lower portion of a lipstick holder, to enable a user to easily lower the lipstick holder by a magnetic force without rotating the rotation body until the lipstick holder is lowered up to the end thereof after completely using the lipstick, thereby providing user convenience. 1. A lipstick container comprising:a lipstick holder coupled with a lipstick and supporting the lipstick; anda rotation body disposed at a lower portion of the lipstick holder and ascending/descending the lipstick holder by rotation thereof,wherein a first magnet and a second magnet are installed respectively at an inner side of the rotation body and at a lower portion of the lipstick holder,wherein, while the lipstick holder is descending, the lipstick holder descends by a magnetic force from the moment when an attraction force between the first magnet and the second magnet acts.2. The lipstick container of claim 1 ,wherein a first insertion groove in which the first magnet is inserted is formed at an upper portion of the rotation body, and a second insertion groove in which the second magnet is inserted is formed at a lower portion of the lipstick holder.3. The lipstick holder coupled with a lipstick and supporting the lipstick; anda rotation body disposed at a lower portion of the lipstick holder and ascending/descending the lipstick holder by rotation thereof,wherein a magnet is installed at one of either the inner side of the rotation body or the lower portion of the lipstick holder, and a metal is installed at the other of either,wherein, while the lipstick holder is descending, the lipstick holder descends by a magnetic force from the moment when an attraction force between the magnet and the metal acts.4. The lipstick container of claim 3 ,wherein a first insertion groove in which a magnet or a metal is inserted is formed at an upper portion of the rotation ...

DEVICE AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING TRANSMISSION POWER

A method of controlling transmission power used for wireless transmission in a wireless communication device including calculating a remaining power level of a third period based on a tolerant power level of a first period and a remaining power level of a second period, the third period included in the first period and being a period from a current time to a point in time following the current time, the second period being a period from the current time to a point in time preceding the current time, calculating a transmission power level of the third period based on a target power level and the remaining power level of the third period, and generating a power control signal for determining a power level of a transmission signal unit based on the transmission power level of the third period may be provided. 1. (canceled)2. A transmission power controller for wireless transmission in a wireless communication device , the transmission power controller comprising:a memory configured to store computer-readable instructions; andat least one processor configured to execute the computer-readable instructions such that the processor is configured to,calculate a future remaining power level of an immediate future period, based on a tolerant power level of a first period including the immediate future period and a past remaining power level of an immediate past period, the tolerant power level being a total transmission power level available to the wireless communication device for the wireless transmission during a certain period,calculate a future transmission power level of the immediate future period by comparing the future remaining power level with at least one of a plurality of reference levels, andgenerate a power control signal for determining a power level of a transmission signal unit based on the future transmission power level.3. The transmission power controller of claim 2 , whereinthe first period is equal to a sum of the immediate past period and the immediate ...

Method and apparatus for controlling modem in wireless communication system

A method and apparatus for controlling a modem of a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes generating at least one modem control information determined based on information related to a wireless communication environment, when at least a portion of the wireless communication environment is changed, updating a priority stored in a database of the UE based on the changed wireless communication environment and controlling the modem of the UE using the priority-updated modem control information.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PERFORMING CELL SEARCH AND FREQUENCY OFFSET ESTIMATION

Methods and apparatuses are provided for performing a cell search by a receiver in a communication system. A scrambling code is identified by correlating a common pilot channel with a first synchronization accumulation length based on a frame boundary and a code group. A multipath signal is sought by correlating the common pilot channel with a second synchronization accumulation length based on the frame boundary and the code group. A difference between, or a ratio of, a first maximum value of first correlation values acquired during identification of the scrambling code and a second maximum value of second correlation values acquired during searching for the multipath signal, is determined. It is determined whether a frequency offset exists by comparing the difference or the ratio with a predetermined threshold value. The frequency offset is estimated and the frequency offset is transmitted to a demodulator, when the frequency offset exists. 1. A method of performing a cell search by a terminal in a communication system , the method comprising:identifying a scrambling code by correlating a common pilot channel with a first synchronization accumulation length based on a frame boundary and a code group;searching for a multipath signal by correlating the common pilot channel with a second synchronization accumulation length based on the frame boundary and the code group;determining a difference between, or a ratio of, a first maximum value of first correlation values acquired during identification of the scrambling code and a second maximum value of second correlation values acquired during searching for the multipath signal;determining whether a frequency offset exists by comparing the difference or the ratio with a predetermined threshold value; andestimating the frequency offset and transmitting the frequency offset to a demodulator, when the frequency offset exists.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein estimating the frequency offset comprises:compensating for a ...

ANTENNA TUNING DEVICES AND ANTENNA TUNING METHODS

Antenna tuning may include performing multiple sampling on a transmission signal applied to an antenna and a reception signal corresponding to the transmission signal during a period for which a first frequency is allocated to the transmission signal, such that sampling data are generated based on the multiple sampling, the sampling data including data corresponding to the transmission signal and data corresponding to the reception signal. The method may include calculating a parameter based on the sampling data, and tuning the antenna based on the parameter. A device may include a control circuit to perform the multiple sampling and set a tuning value, a radio frequency front-end to modulate the transmission signal based on the frequency and apply a return signal of the transmission signal or a reflection signal, and an antenna tuner to adjust a resonance frequency or an impedance of the antenna according to the tuning value. 1. An antenna tuning method of wireless communication equipment , the antenna tuning method comprising:performing multiple sampling on a transmission signal applied to an antenna and a reception signal corresponding to the transmission signal during a measurement period for which a first frequency is allocated to the transmission signal, such that a plurality of instances of sampling data are generated based on the multiple sampling, each instance of sampling data including data corresponding to the transmission signal and data corresponding to the reception signal;calculating a parameter associated with antenna tuning based on the plurality of instances of sampling data; andtuning the antenna based on the parameter.2. The antenna tuning method of claim 1 , whereinthe transmission signal includes a first transmission signal and a second transmission signal, the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal sequentially applied to the antenna during the measurement period, and performing first sampling on both the first ...

Lipstick case

The present invention disclosed herein relates to a lipstick case, and the lipstick case has a structure wherein a lipstick is exposed outwards when lowering an ascending and descending member which encases the lipstick as rotating a rotation body to one side direction, whereas the lipstick is hidden by the ascending and descending member when the rotation body to the other side direction is rotated and thereby the ascending and descending member ascends. Therefore, it is possible to fundamentally prevent problems in use, e.g. a breakage of lipstick caused by closing a cover part in a state of the lipstick being ascended.

DEVICES AND METHODS OF SELECTING SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHM BASED ON PARAMETERS

A device for performing wireless communication at least one processor configured to generate a condition signal based on at least one parameter associated with the device or the wireless communication, and select at least one of a plurality of signal processing algorithms for performing at least one of a plurality of signal processing functions based on the condition signal, each of the plurality of signal processing functions being associated with the wireless communication. 1. A device for performing wireless communication , the device comprising:a memory storing computer-readable instructions; and generate a condition signal based on at least one parameter associated with the device or the wireless communication, and', 'select at least one of a plurality of signal processing algorithms for performing at least one of a plurality of signal processing functions based on the condition signal, each of the plurality of signal processing functions being associated with the wireless communication., 'at least one processor configured to execute the computer-readable instructions to,'}2. The device according to claim 1 , whereinthe plurality of signal processing algorithms comprise a first signal processing algorithm and a second signal processing algorithm having different complexities,the at least one of the plurality of signal processing algorithms includes at least one of the first signal processing algorithm or the second signal processing algorithm, andthe at least one processor configured to execute the computer-readable instructions to determine a signal processing level for the at least one of the plurality of signal processing functions based on the condition signal.3. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the determination of the signal processing level is based on the condition signal and a transmission-related factor comprising at least one of a transmission speed claim 2 , a transmission mode claim 2 , or a transmission scheme of the wireless ...

COSMETIC CONTAINER HAVING IDENTIFICATION MEANS

A cosmetic container having an identification means, wherein a user can intuitively identify contents through the identification means by providing an identification means for identifying contents at the upper portion of the container body, such that it is possible to easily classify cosmetic products according to contents when storing the cosmetics, thereby providing user convenience. 1. A cosmetic container having an identification means , comprising:a container body storing contents;a support body provided with a coupling part for being coupled to the upper portion of the container body and provided with a cylinder supporting a pumping member at the center portion thereof;a pumping member coupled to the support body and discharging contents through pumping operation; anda button member coupled to the support body and performing a pumping operation, and further forming a contents discharge hole for contents to be discharged through,wherein the coupling part is coupled to the upper inner circumferential surface of the container body and fixes the support body to the container body, and at the support body is coupled an identification part which is exposed to the outside through the upper end opening portion of the container body in a state of being secured at the upper end of the coupling part and displays colors which makes it possible to classify cosmetic products.2. The cosmetic container having an identification means of claim 1 ,further comprising a fixation tube which pressurizes the upper end of the identification part and is coupled to the support body, thereby blocking the upward movement of the identification part and preventing the identification part from being separated out of the support body.3. The cosmetic container having an identification means of claim 2 ,further comprising a guide tube which encases the cylinder from the upper surface of the support body and protrudes upwards, thereby guiding the identification part and the fixation tube to be ...

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICE INCLUDING MEMORY DE-ALLOCATOR FOR EFFICIENT MEMORY USAGE AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME

Some example embodiments include methods of operating a wireless communication device supporting carrier aggregation, the methods include allocating a memory of a plurality of memories to each of a plurality of component carriers based on a memory allocation priority; determining a demodulation priority for each of the plurality of component carriers based on one of a size of each memory allocated to each of the plurality of component carriers, and the memory allocation priority; and demodulating signals received via the plurality of component carriers based on the demodulation priority. 1. A method of operating a wireless communication device supporting carrier aggregation , the method comprising:allocating a memory of a plurality of memories to each of a plurality of component carriers based on a memory allocation priority; a size of each memory allocated to each of the plurality of component carriers, and', 'the memory allocation priority; and, 'determining a demodulation priority for each of the plurality of component carriers based on one of'}demodulating signals received via the plurality of component carriers based on the demodulation priority.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein all of the component carriers in the plurality of component carriers have the same transmission time intervals (TTIs) and are synchronized with each other.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the memory allocation priority is determined based on a number of reception antennas used to receive each of the plurality of component carriers.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the memory allocation priority is higher for a first component carrier of the plurality of component carriers than for a second component carrier of the plurality of component carriers when a greater number of reception antennas is used to receive the first component carrier than the second component carrier.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the allocating of the memory to each of the plurality of component carriers ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REDUCING POWER CONSUMPTION BY EARLY DECODING

Methods and apparatuses are provided for reducing power consumption by early decoding. It is determined whether a predetermined decoding condition is satisfied upon expiration of a time unit in a transmission time interval. Decoding is performed on a signal that has been received through the time unit in the transmission time interval, when the predetermined decoding condition is satisfied. A controller outputs an instruction signal to a RF processor to set to a low-power mode during a remaining time period of the transmission time interval after the time unit in the transmission time interval, when the decoding is successful. Decoding is performed on the signal that has been received through the RF processor upon expiration of a last time unit of the transmission time interval regardless of the predetermined decoding condition, when the time unit is the last time unit in the transmission time interval. 1. An apparatus for reducing power consumption by early decoding , the apparatus comprising:a baseband processor configured to process a received signal from a radio frequency (RF) processor;a decoder configured to decode an output signal of the baseband processor; and determine whether a predetermined decoding condition is satisfied upon expiration of a time unit in a transmission time interval;', 'control the decoder to perform decoding on a signal that has been received through the time unit in the transmission time interval, when the predetermined decoding condition is satisfied;', 'transmit an instruction signal to the RF processor to set a low-power mode during a remaining time period of the transmission time interval after the time unit in the transmission time interval, when the decoding is successful; and', 'control the decoder to perform decoding on the radio signal upon expiration of a last time unit of the transmission time interval regardless of the predetermined decoding condition, when the time unit is the last time unit in the transmission time ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION USING MODULATION, CODING SCHEMES, AND TRANSPORT BLOCK SIZES

A method of processing a signal received over a wireless link may utilize sharing of Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) and Transport Block Size (TBS) data. At least one parameter is obtained including a sub-carrier spacing of a transport format. A modulation order and a transport block size may be detected, based on the at least one parameter. The signal received over the wireless link is then processed, based on the detected modulation order and the transport block size. An apparatus may perform the embodiments of the method to process the received signal. 1. A method of processing a signal received over a wireless link , the method comprising:obtaining, by a user equipment, downlink control information;extracting at least one field corresponding to at least one of a modulation order, a physical resource block count, and a transport block size from the downlink control information;identifying at least one value of the modulation order, the physical resource block count, and the transport block size, based on a value of the extracted at least one field; andprocessing, by a signal processor of the user equipment, the received signal, based on the identified at least one value of the modulation order, the physical resource block count, and the transport block size.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extracting of the at least one field comprises extracting a first field corresponding to the transport block size from the downlink control information claim 1 , andwherein the identifying of the at least one value comprises identifying the transport block size from a value of the first field.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the identifying of the transport block size comprises determining the value of the first field as the transport block size.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first field has log(TBSmax) bits claim 3 , and wherein the TBSmax is a maximum value of the transport block size.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the identifying of the transport block ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION USING MODULATION, CODING SCHEMES, AND CHANNEL QUALITY INDICATORS

A wireless communication method including receiving, through a wireless channel, table indication information indicating one of a first Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) table supporting up to 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) and second and third MCS tables supporting up to 256 QAM, the third MCS table including a same number of MCS indices as the second MCS table and including less MCS indices corresponding to 256 QAM than the second MCS table, and identifying one of the first to third MCS tables according to the received table indication information to recognize a demodulation scheme for data to be received through the wireless channel may be provided. 1. A wireless communication method comprising:receiving, through a wireless channel, table indication information indicating one of a first Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) table supporting up to 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), and second and third MCS tables supporting up to 256 QAM, the third MCS table including a same number of MCS indices as the second MCS table and including less MCS indices corresponding to 256 QAM than the second MCS table; andidentifying one of the first to third MCS tables according to the received table indication information to recognize a demodulation scheme for data to be received through the wireless channel.2. The wireless communication method of claim 1 , wherein at least some of MCS indices corresponding to 256 QAM in the second MCS table correspond to 64 QAM in the third MCS table.3031. The wireless communication method of claim 2 , wherein each of the second and third MCS tables comprises MCS indices to that are expressed in 5 bits claim 2 ,{'b': 20', '27, 'the second MCS table comprises MCS indices to corresponding to 256 QAM, and'}{'b': 20', '23, 'the third MCS table comprises MCS indices to corresponding to 64 QAM.'}4. (canceled)5. The wireless communication method of claim 1 , further comprising:transmitting, through the wireless channel, table support ...

COMMUNICATION DEVICE AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING SAME

A communication device and method of controlling the same are provided. A communication device includes a transceiver that receives a radio signal and a processor electrically connected to the transceiver, and is configured to store a data signal including data received through the radio signal in a first buffer according to a first delay period, store a channel signal including channel estimation information on a transmission channel of the radio signal in a second buffer according to a second delay period, determines a coefficient of a low pass filter and a group delay related to the low pass filter based on information related to the radio signal, and output at least one of the channel signals stored in the second buffer based on the determined group delay and the first delay period to perform equalizing. 1. A communication device comprising:a transceiver that receives a radio signal; anda processor electrically connected to the transceiver,wherein the processor is configured to store a data signal including data received through the radio signal in a first buffer according to a first delay period, store a channel signal including channel estimation information on a transmission channel of the radio signal in a second buffer according to a second delay period, determine a coefficient of a low pass filter and a group delay related to the low pass filter based on information related to the radio signal, and output at least one of the channel signals stored in the second buffer based on the determined group delay and the first delay period to perform equalizing.2. The communication device of claim 1 , wherein the information related to the radio signal includes a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the radio signal and a Doppler frequency of the radio signal.3. The communication device of claim 2 , wherein the processor is further configured to estimate the SNR by using information related to a received signal strength estimated by an automatic gain controller.4. The ...

Tubular Container Comprising Applicator

A tubular container includes an applicator that not only easily controls a slope degree of the support body, by installing a rotation control part at an inner side of a support body, when applying contents onto skin by using an applicator or massaging, but also prevents the deformation of an upper portion of the support body which is coupled with the applicator through a rotation control part, such that assemblability with the applicator is improved and thus separation of the applicator is prevented. 1. A tubular container comprising an applicator comprising:a tube body receiving contents therein and coupled with a discharging part at an upper portion thereof;a support body, coupled at the discharging part, forming a contents movement passage at an interior thereof such that contents discharged through the discharging part can flow in, and made of elastic material such that an upper portion thereof can rotate 360 degrees on an axis of a lower portion thereof;an applicator, coupled to an upper portion of the support body and forming a contents discharging hole at a center portion thereof, thereby applying contents onto user's skin with an angle thereof changed by deformation of the support body according to the contour of user's skin surface;a rotation control part inserted into the interior of the support body, supporting the applicator with an upper portion thereof coupled to an inner side of the applicator, and contacted to an inner circumferential surface of the support body, thereby controlling deformation of the support body;a fixing body, coupled to the discharging part and encasing a lower portion of the support body, fixing the support body to the discharging part; andan over cap , coupled to the fixing body and encasing the support body and the applicator, forming an opening/closing rod which opens/closes the contents discharging hole at an inner side.2. The tubular container comprising an applicator of claim 1 ,wherein the rotation control part includes a ...

ETCHING COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR FABRICATING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE BY USING THE SAME

An etching composition selectively removes a titanium nitride film from a stacked conductive film structure including a titanium nitride (TiN) film and a tantalum nitride (TaN) film. The etching composition configured to etch titanium nitride (TiN) includes 5 wt % to 30 wt % of hydrogen peroxide, 15 wt % to 50 wt % of acid compound, and 0.001 wt % to 5 wt % of corrosion inhibitor, with respect to a total weight of the etching composition, wherein the acid compound includes at least one of phosphoric acid (HPO), nitric acid (HNO), hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydroiodic acid (HI), hydrobromic acid (HBr), perchloric acid (HClO), silicic acid (HSiO), boric acid (HBO), acetic acid (CHCOOH), propionic acid (CHCOOH), lactic acid (CHCH(OH)COOH), and glycolic acid (HOCHCOOH). 15 wt % to 30 wt % of hydrogen peroxide, 15 wt % to 50 wt % of an acid compound, and 0.001 wt % to 5 wt % of a corrosion inhibitor, with respect to a total weight of the etching composition,{'sub': 3', '4', '3', '4', '2', '3', '3', '3', '3', '2', '5', '3', '2, 'wherein the acid compound includes at least one of phosphoric acid (HPO), nitric acid (HNO), hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydroiodic acid (HI), hydrobromic acid (HBr), perchloric acid (HClO), silicic acid (HSiO), boric acid (HBO), acetic acid (CHCOOH), propionic acid (CHCOOH), lactic acid (CHCH(OH)COOH), and glycolic acid (HOCHCOOH).'}. An etching composition having an etching selectivity for titanium nitride (TiN), the etching composition comprising: This application is a continuation under 35 U.S.C. § 120 of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/809,597, filed Nov. 10, 2017, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Korean Application No. 10-2016-0160023, filed Nov. 29, 2016 with the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.Some example embodiments of the present disclosure relates to an etching composition and a method for fabricating a semiconductor device by using the same ...

COMMUNICATION DEVICE AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING SAME

Apparatuses, methods, and systems of measuring received power are described, including apparatuses, methods, and systems which can measure received power, even when the subcarrier offset of the measurement bandwidth is different from the subcarrier bandwidth of the cell bandwidth. A method includes receiving, via a transceiver, first channel state information including a first index associated with first subcarrier offset information from a first Base Station (BS); receiving, via the transceiver, a plurality of Resource Blocks (RBs) from a second BS; configuring a second index associated with the plurality of RBs, instead of the first index, when the first index is different from the second index; measuring a received power based on the plurality of RBs from the second BS by using the second index; and identifying the measured received power as a valid received power. 1. A communication device , comprising:a transceiver;a memory; anda processor electrically connected to the transceiver and the memory, control the transceiver to receive first channel state information including a first index associated with first subcarrier offset information from a first Base Station (BS) and receive a plurality of Resource Blocks (RBs) from a second BS,', 'configure a second index associated with the plurality of RBs, instead of the first index, when the first index is different from the second index,', 'measure received power based on the plurality of RBs from the second BS by using the second index, and', 'identify the received power as a valid received power., 'wherein the processor is configured to2. The communication device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to:obtain a second channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) associated with the plurality of RBs from the second BS by using the second index, instead of a first CSI-RS based on the first index, andmeasure the received power based on the second CSI-RS.3. The communication device of claim 2 ...

Polar encoding and decoding using predefined information

A method of encoding input data as a polar code includes generating unfrozen bits by adding at least one designated information bit to information bits which have been generated based on the input data, reordering the unfrozen bits and frozen bits by assigning the unfrozen bits to polarized sub-channels having higher reliability than the frozen bits having a value known to both of an encoder and a decoder, and generating a code word by polar-coding results of the reordering may be provided. The at least one designated information bit may have the value known to both the encoder and the decoder.

Method and apparatus for wireless communication using modulation, coding schemes, and transport block sizes

A method of processing a signal received over a wireless link may utilize sharing of Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) and Transport Block Size (TBS) data. At least one parameter is obtained including a sub-carrier spacing of a transport format. A modulation order and a transport block size may be detected, based on the at least one parameter. The signal received over the wireless link is then processed, based on the detected modulation order and the transport block size. An apparatus may perform the embodiments of the method to process the received signal.

Wireless communication apparatus for supporting a plurality of radio access technologies and wireless communication method thereof

A wireless communication method of a wireless communication apparatus for supporting a plurality of radio access technologies (RATs) including receiving a first downlink signal corresponding to a first RAT and a second downlink signal corresponding to a second RAT from a base station through a first frequency band, decoding the first downlink signal, detecting the second downlink signal based on a result of decoding of the first downlink signal, and decoding the detected second downlink signal to acquire data included in the second downlink signal may be provided.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING MODEM IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Disclosed is a terminal in a communication system including a transceiver, and at least one processor configured to generate modem control information, transmit, to a server, the modem control information through the transceiver, when the generated modem control information includes location information of the terminal, receive, from the server, the modem control information related to an estimated movement path of the terminal, the estimated movement path being determined based on the location information of the terminal, and perform a communication using the updated modem control information, wherein the updated modem control information includes at least one of cell identity information, signal strength per cell, frequency offset, timing offset, channel state information (CSI), interference information, and downlink configuration information. 1. A terminal in a communication system , the terminal comprising:a transceiver; andat least one processor configured to:generate modem control information;transmit, to a server, the modem control information through the transceiver;when the generated modem control information includes location information of the terminal, receive, from the server, the modem control information related to an estimated movement path of the terminal, the estimated movement path being determined based on the location information of the terminal; andperform a communication using the updated modem control information,wherein the updated modem control information includes at least one of cell identity information, signal strength per cell, frequency offset, timing offset, channel state information (CSI), interference information, and downlink configuration information.2. The terminal of claim 1 ,wherein the updated modern control information is identified from modem control information set in the server, andwherein the modem control information set includes modem control information corresponding to each of a plurality of communication ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING CONTROL INFORMATION IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Methods, a Base Station (BS), and a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system for transmitting and receiving control information are provided. The method for transmitting control information by a BS in a wireless communication system includes receiving information related to a signal transmitted by a second BS that the second BS which is a neighboring BS of the first BS, determining whether a second UE using an identical resource to that used by a first UE included in a cell of the first BS exists within a cell of the second BS based on the received information, when the second UE exists, generating control information for controlling a signal transmitted to the second UE by the second BS based on the received information, and transmitting the generated control information to the first UE through a control channel. 1. A method for receiving control information by a first user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system supporting communication via a backhaul link between a first base station (BS) and a second BS , the method comprising:receiving, from the first BS, control information for cancelling an interference caused to the first UE by a downlink transmission of the second BS which is a neighboring BS of the first BS, the control information including a cell identifier associated with the second BS and information on a transmission mode for a second UE served by the second BS; andcancelling, based on the received control information, the interference caused to the first UE by the downlink transmission by the second BS,wherein the transmission mode is associated with a multi antenna transmission corresponding to a transmission scheme of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transmission mode associated with the multi antenna transmission comprises multiple input multiple output (MIMO).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the control information further comprises information on precoding used for the ...

Etching composition and method for fabricating semiconductor device by using the same

An etching composition selectively removes a titanium nitride film from a stacked conductive film structure including a titanium nitride (TiN) film and a tantalum nitride (TaN) film. The etching composition configured to etch titanium nitride (TiN) includes 5 wt % to 30 wt % of hydrogen peroxide, 15 wt % to 50 wt % of acid compound, and 0.001 wt % to 5 wt % of corrosion inhibitor, with respect to a total weight of the etching composition, wherein the acid compound includes at least one of phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), nitric acid (HNO 3 ), hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydroiodic acid (HI), hydrobromic acid (HBr), perchloric acid (HNO 4 ), silicic acid (H 2 SiO 3 ), boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ), acetic acid (CH 3 COOH), propionic acid (C 2 H 5 COOH), lactic acid (CH 3 CH(OH)COOH), and glycolic acid (HOCH 2 COOH).

Etching composition and method for fabricating semiconductor device by using the same

An etching composition selectively removes a titanium nitride film from a stacked conductive film structure including a titanium nitride (TiN) film and a tantalum nitride (TaN) film. The etching composition configured to etch titanium nitride (TiN) includes 5 wt % to 30 wt % of hydrogen peroxide, 15 wt % to 50 wt % of acid compound, and 0.001 wt % to 5 wt % of corrosion inhibitor, with respect to a total weight of the etching composition, wherein the acid compound includes at least one of phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), nitric acid (HNO 3 ), hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydroiodic acid (HI), hydrobromic acid (HBr), perchloric acid (HClO 4 ), silicic acid (H 2 SiO 3 ), boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ), acetic acid (CH 3 COOH), propionic acid (C 2 H 5 COOH), lactic acid (CH 3 CH(OH)COOH), and glycolic acid (HOCH 2 COOH).

ELECTROLYTE ADDITIVE, BATTERY ELECTROLYTE INCLUDING ELECTROLYTE ADDITIVE, AND SECONDARY BATTERY INCLUDING BATTERY ELECTROLYTE

The present invention relates to an electrolyte additive, a battery electrolyte including the electrolyte additive, and a secondary battery, and more particularly, to an electrolyte additive including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, an electrolyte including the electrolyte additive, and a secondary battery including the electrolyte. According to the present invention, due to low charging resistance, charging efficiency and output may be improved. In addition, the present invention has an effect of providing a secondary battery having a long lifespan and excellent capacity retention at high temperature. 4. The electrolyte according to claim 3 , wherein claim 3 , based on 100% by weight in total of the electrolyte claim 3 , the compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 is comprised in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight.5. The electrolyte according to claim 3 , wherein the compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 has a symmetric structure by satisfying “m=n”.6. The electrolyte according to claim 3 , wherein the organic solvent comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate (EC) claim 3 , diethyl carbonate (DEC) claim 3 , ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) claim 3 , dimethyl carbonate (DMC) claim 3 , propylene carbonate (PC) claim 3 , dipropyl carbonate (DPC) claim 3 , butylene carbonate claim 3 , methylpropyl carbonate claim 3 , and ethylpropyl carbonate.7. The electrolyte according to claim 3 , wherein the lithium salt comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of LiPF claim 3 , LiFLiCl claim 3 , LiBr claim 3 , LiI claim 3 , LiClO claim 3 , LiBCl claim 3 , LiCFSO claim 3 , LiCFCO claim 3 , LiAsF claim 3 , LiSbF claim 3 , LiAlCl claim 3 , CHSOLi claim 3 , CFSOLi claim 3 , and (CFSO)NLi.8. The electrolyte according to claim 3 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a metal phosphate-based compound.9. The electrolyte according to claim 8 , wherein the metal phosphate-based compound comprises one or more selected from the ...

System and method for generating codes in a communication system

Apparatus and method for supporting automatic repeat request in a high-speed wireless packet data communication system

Nesting and deinterlacing apparatus and method for communication system

MODULATION METHOD AND TRANSMITTER FOR COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

L'invention concerne un appareil et un procédé pour déterminer une procédure de modulation et un rendement de code optimaux pour un système de communications utilisant une procédure de transmission variable. Un codeur code un paquet de codeur et plusieurs modulateurs, ayant des ordres de modulation différents, modulent des sous-paquets qui sont des mots de code délivrés en sortie du codeur. Un sélecteur (501) sélectionne l'un des modulateurs (505, 507) en comparant un rendement de code de produit d'ordre de modulation MPR, qui est un rapport d'une taille de paquet EP à un nombre de symboles de modulation de charge utile, et en comparant le MPR à un seuil.Domaine d'application : systèmes de communications utilisant une procédure de transmission variable, etc. An apparatus and method for determining an optimal modulation procedure and code rate for a communications system using a variable transmission procedure is disclosed. An encoder encodes an encoder packet and several modulators, having different modulation orders, modulate sub-packets which are code words delivered at the output of the encoder. A selector (501) selects one of the modulators (505, 507) by comparing an MPR modulation order product code rate, which is a ratio of an EP packet size to a number of modulation symbols of. payload, and comparing the MPR to a threshold.Application area: communications systems using a variable transmission procedure, etc.

METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR REAGENCING SUB-CODES, QUASI-COMPLEMENTARY TURBOCODES AND TRANSMITTING SYMBOLS USING SUCH CODES

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil pour générer des turbocodes quasi-complémentaires QCTC à deux dimensions au moyen d'un générateur (1302) connecté à un codeur de canal (1301) et à un dispositif de commande (1303) de sélection de sous-code. Des ensembles de sous-codes de turbocodes QCTC ayant des taux d'émission donnés sont générés et les sous-codes sont réagencés dans un ensemble de sous-codes avec un taux d'émission différent, pour une utilisation dans la transmission suivante d'un sous-code ayant un taux d'émission prédéterminé.Domaine d'application : télécommunications. A method and apparatus for generating two-dimensional QCTC quasi-complementary turbocodes using a generator (1302) connected to a channel encoder (1301) and to a control device (1303) is disclosed. subcode. Sets of QCTC turbocode sub-codes having given emission rates are generated and the sub-codes are rearranged into a set of sub-codes with a different emission rate, for use in the next transmission of a. sub-code having a predetermined emission rate. Field of application: telecommunications.

Turbo decoding apparatus and method

Disclosed is a turbo decoding apparatus and method for a communication system. A high-rate memory buffer operating at the same frequency as a turbo decoder is arranged between a memory buffer of a receiver and the turbo decoder. The decoding apparatus reads data bits stored in the memory buffer of the receiver via the high-rate memory buffer, delays the read data bits for a time required in the turbo decoder, and then applies the delayed data bits to a Soft-In Soft-Out (SISO) decoder of the turbo decoder. The memory buffer of the receiver outputs data bits at an operating frequency or clock of the turbo decoder.

MODULATION METHOD AND TRANSMITTER FOR COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

Apparatus and method for supporting automatic repeat request in a high-speed wireless packet data communication system

Disclosed is an apparatus and method for supporting automatic repeat request (ARQ) in a high-speed wireless packet data communication system. A mobile station receives control information including a subpacket identifier (SP ID) representing the sequence of a subpacket, the size of an encoder packet (EP SIZE), and a sequence identifier (AI SN) that is toggled each time a new encoder packet is transmitted, while receiving one of a plurality of subpackets generated by segmenting a bit stream acquired by encoding a transmission encoder packet. The mobile station determines whether it will perform a decoding process caused by initial transmission or a decoding process caused by retransmission on the received subpacket, based on the control information.

Method for encoding low-density parity check code

Demodulation apparatus and method in a communication system employing 8-ary psk modulation

An 8-Ary PSK demodulation apparatus for receiving an input signal Rk(Xk, YK) comprised of a kth quadrature-phase component Yk and a kth in-phase component Xk, and for generating soft decision values .LAMBDA.(SK,0), .LAMBDA.(SK,1), and .LAMBDA.(SK,2). A calculator calculates Zk by subtracting a level |Y| of the quadrature-phase signal component YK from a level |XK| of the in-phase signal component Xk. A first selector selects the Zk, according to an MSB of the quadrature-phase signal component Yk. A second selector selects the Zk or the reverse ZK according to an MSB of the in-phase signal component Xk. A third selector selects an output of the second selector or a value "0" according to an MSB of the ZK.

Interleaving apparatus and method for use in serial concatenated convolutional code encoder in a mobile communication system

An interleaves for a serial concatenated convolutional code (SCCC) encoder is disclosed. The interleaves has a memory with m row groups and n column groups, and the memory stores serial input symbols in the groups. The interleaves randomly selects one of the m row groups, then randomly selects one of the positions in the selected row, then outputs the symbol stored in the selected position in the selected row so as to generate interleaved symbols. The SCCC encoder includes a component encode for encoding the interleaved symbols from the interleaves. The component encoder has an effective free distance of the encoded codes. When the number of the serial input symbols is k, the m row groups and n column groups in the memory are chosen such that m × n >= k, and m is larger than the effective free distance.

Apparatus and method for determining a modulation scheme in a communication system

An apparatus and method for determining an optimum modulation scheme and code rate in a communication system using a variable transmission scheme. In a transmitter included in the communication system, an encoder encodes an encoder packet (EP) and a plurality of modulators having different modulation orders modulate sub-packets being codewords output from the encoder. A selector selects one of the modulators by comparing an MPR (Modulation order Product code Rate) being a ratio of an EP size to a number of payload modulation symbols, and comparing the MPR with a threshold.

Apparatus and method for normalizing metric values in a component decoder in a mobile communication system

Disclosed is a method for normalizing metric values in a decoder which uses a plurality of metric values of a next state in a state transition period having a present state and the next state, each metric value having a survival path metric value having a value equal to or higher than a competition path metric value. The method comprises detecting the survival path metric values out of the metric values; detecting a minimum survival path metric value out of the detected survival path metric values; determining whether the detected minimum survival path metric value exceeds a threshold value; and subtracting, when the minimum survival path metric value exceeds the threshold value, a given normalization value from the metric values, to output normalized metric values. Another disclosed is a method for normalizing metric values in a decoder which uses a plurality of metric values of a next state in a state transition period having a present state and the next state, each metric value having a survival path metric value having a value equal to or higher than a competition path metric value.The method comprises detecting the competition path metric values out of the metric values; detecting a minimum competition path metric value out of the detected competition path metric values; determining whether the detected minimum competition path metric value is greater than a threshold value; and subtracting, when the minimum competition path metric value is greater than the threshold value, a given normalization value to output normalized metric values.

Puncturing device and method for turbo encoder in mobile communication system

A puncturing device for a turbo encoder in a mobile communication system having a turbo encoder which turbo encodes input source data into a plurality of information frames and tail symbols at a given code rate is disclosed. The puncturing device comprises a frame generator for generating a transmission frame by performing puncturing and adding invalid symbols; and a controller for performing puncturing on the information frames according to the code rate, puncturing the tail symbols only when the number of punctured information frames and tail symbols exceeds a bit number according to a symbol rate, and otherwise, controlling the frame generator by reading a puncturing pattern according to the code rate and information about the number of invalid symbols.

Lipstick container

Calculation of soft decisions for 8-PSK signals

Wireless communication device including memory de-allocator for efficient memory usage and method of operating the same

Some example embodiments include methods of operating a wireless communication device supporting carrier aggregation, the methods include allocating a memory of a plurality of memories to each of a plurality of component carriers based on a memory allocation priority; determining a demodulation priority for each of the plurality of component carriers based on one of a size of each memory allocated to each of the plurality of component carriers, and the memory allocation priority; and demodulating signals received via the plurality of component carriers based on the demodulation priority.

An iterative decoder and an iterative decoding method for a communication system

An iterative decoder and iterative decoding method. In the iterative decoder, a first adder has a first port for receiving information symbols and a second port; a first component decoder is coupled to the first adder, for receiving first parity symbols and decoding the information symbols using the first parity symbols and an output signal of the first adder, a first subtractor has a third port for receiving the output of the first component decoder, and a fourth port; an interleaver coupled to the output of the second adder, for interleaving the decoded information symbols received from the first component decoder, a second component decoder receives the output of the interleaver and second parity symbols and decodes the information symbols of the interleaver output using the received signals; a deinterleaver deinterleaves the output of the second component decoder, a third adder has a fifth port for receiving the output of the deinterleaver and a sixth port for receiving an inversed output of the second adder, the output of the third adder connected to the second port and an inverted output of the third adder connected to the fourth port; a hard decision device converts the decoded symbols received from the first component decoder to binary information bits; an error detector checks error in the binary information bits received from the hard decision device and generates a no error signal if no errors are detected; and an output buffer stores the binary information bits received from the hard decision device and outputs the stored binary information bits in response to the no error signal.

Apparatus and method for controlling a demultiplexer and a multiplexer used for rate matching in a mobile communication system

A transmitting device including an encoder for receiving an information bit stream in a frame and outputting an information symbol, a first parity symbol, and a second parity symbol by encoding each information bit. An interleaver sequentially arranges the information symbols and the first and second parity symbols by rows in an array with an integer number of rows and an integer number of columns. The interleaver further outputs a plurality of radio frames in a stream, by reading the symbols by going down each column, starting at the leftmost column and proceeding right. Each radio frame has a predetermined size. A demultiplexer demultiplexes the radio frames received from the interleaver into streams of information, first parity symbols, and second parity symbols. A rate matcher bypasses the stream of information symbols and punctures the streams of the first and second parity symbols for rate matching.

Method and apparatus for generating a low-density parity check (LDPC) code

A low density parity check (LDPC) code generating method and apparatus are provided. A parity check matrix with (N-K) rows for check nodes and N columns for variable nodes are formed to encode an information sequence of length K to a codeword of length N. The parity check matrix is divided into an information part matrix with K columns and a parity part matrix with (N-k) columns. The parity part is divided into PxP subblocks. P is a divisor of (N-K). First and second diagonals are defined in the parity part matrix and the second diagonal is a shift of the first diagonal by f subblocks. Shifted identity matrices are placed on the first and second diagonals and zero matrices are filled elsewhere. An odd number of delta matrices each having only one element of 1 are placed in one subblock column of the parity part matrix in order to generate one column having an odd number of '1's.

Lipstick container

The present invention disclosed herein relates to a lipstick case, and the lipstick case has a structure wherein a lipstick is exposed outwards when lowering an ascending and descending member which encases the lipstick as rotating a rotation body to one side direction, whereas the lipstick is hidden by the ascending and descending member when the rotation body to the other side direction is rotated and thereby the ascending and descending member ascends. Therefore, it is possible to fundamentally prevent problems in use, e.g. a breakage of lipstick caused by closing a cover part in a state of the lipstick being ascended.

Interleaver and interleaving method in a communication system

A P-BRO interleaver and a method for optimizing parameters according to an interleaver size for the P-BRO interleaver. The P-BRO interleaver sequentially, by columns, arranges an input data stream of size N in a matrix having 2 m rows and (J−1) columns, and R rows in a Jth column, P-BRO interleaves the arranged data, and reads the interleaved data by rows.

Method and apparatus for rearranging codeword sequence in a communication system

Disclosed is provided a method and apparatus for mapping a stream of bits output from an encoder to a stream of bits for 2m-ary modulation. The method and apparatus divides the stream of bits from the encoder into a first period and a second period. The first period includes bits with higher priority in the stream of the bits output from the encoder, and the second period includes bits with lower priority. The method and apparatus maps the bits existing in the first period to bit positions with higher reliability in a stream of m bits representing each of the bits for 2m-ary modulation, and maps the bits existing in the second period to bit positions with lower reliability in the stream of m bits.

Interleaving/deinterleaving device and method for communication system

A device for sequentially storing input bit symbols of a given interleaver size N in a memory at an address from 0 to N-1 and reading the stored bit symbols from the memory. The device comprises a look-up table for providing a first variable m and a second variable J satisfying the equation N=2m×J; and an address generator for generating a read address depending on the first and second variables m and J provided from the look-up table. The read address is determined by 2m(K mod J)+ BRO m(K/J), where K(0<=K<=(N-1)) denotes a reading sequence, BRO m(y) is the bit-reversed m-bit value of y and / is a function in which a quotient of K divided by J is obtained, the quotient being an integer.

Cosmetic container having identification means

Rate matching device and method for a data communication system

A device and method for rate matching channel-encoded bits in a data communication system. The rate matching device includes a plurality of rate matching blocks, the number of the rate matching blocks being equal to a reciprocal of a coding rate of a channel encoder. The rate matching device can rate match the bits encoded with a non-systematic code or the bits encoded with a systematic code, by changing initial parameters including the number of input bits, the number of output bits, and the puncturing or repetition pattern determining parameters.

Apparatus and method for detecting transmitting rate of turbo decoder

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for detecting a data rate in a turbo decoder for a mobile communication system. When a rate selector selects one data rate among a plurality of data rates, a turbo decoder repeatedly decodes an input data frame within a predetermined repetition limit number using the selected data rate and outputs the decoded data. A CRC detector performs CRC check on the decoded data and outputs the CRC check result, and a decoding state measurer measures decoding quality depending on the decoded data and outputs decoding state information. A controller then sets the repetition limit number to a predetermined minimum value, controls the repetition limit number according to the decoding state information, controls the rate selector and determines a data rate of the input data depending on the CRC check result.

Interleaving apparatus and method for use in serial concatenated convolutional code encoder in a mobile communication system

An interleaver for a serial concatenated convolutional code (SCCC) encoder is disclosed. The interleaver has a memory with m row groups and n column groups, and the memory stores serial input symbols in the groups. The interleaver randomly selects one of the m row groups, then randomly selects one of the positions in the selected row, then outputs the symbol stored in the selected position in the selected row so as to generate interleaved symbols. The SCCC encoder includes a component encoder for encoding the interleaved symbols from the interleaver. The encoded codes of the component encoder have an effective free distance. When the number of the serial input symbols is k, the m row groups and n column groups in the memory are chosen such that m×n≧k, and m is larger than the effective free distance.

Method and apparatus for rearranging codeword sequence in a communication system

Disclosed is provided a method and apparatus for mapping a stream of bits output from an encoder to a stream of bits for 2m-ary modulation. The method and apparatus divides the stream of bits from the encoder into a first period and a second period. The first period includes bits with higher priority in the stream of the bits output from the encoder, and the second period includes bits with lower priority. The method and apparatus maps the bits existing in the first period to bit positions with higher reliability in a stream of m bits representing each of the bits for 2m-ary modulation, and maps the bits existing in the second period to bit positions with lower reliability in the stream of m bits.

Flexible data rate matching apparatus and method in a data communication system

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GENERATING QUASI-COMPLEMENTARY TURBOCODES

Apparatus and method for controlling an output buffer in a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request(HARQ) mobile communication system

Method and apparatus for flexible data rate matching by symbol insertion for a data communication system

A flexible data rate matching method and apparatus by symbol repetition in a data communication system. To generate a sequence of N symbols from a sequence of L code symbols less than the N symbols in a system having an encoder for generating the sequence of L code symbols and a channel interleaver for receiving the sequence of N symbols, symbols at generally equidistant (N-L) positions are detected among the L code symbols. The detected symbols are sequentially inserted before or after the detected symbols by repetition.

Procedure and apparatus for signaling power information in a wireless communication system

Un procedimiento de señalización de información de potencia en un sistema de comunicación inalámbrico, comprendiendo el procedimiento: coprogramar una pluralidad de Equipos de Usuario, UE, (504, 506) a al menos un elemento de recurso; generar información de potencia que indique valores de potencia de transmisión que se asignan para los UE coprogramados; y transmitir la información de potencia generada a un primer UE de los UE coprogramados, en el que la información de potencia comprende la primera información de potencia para el primer UE y la segunda información de potencia para al menos un segundo UE, excepto para el primer UE entre los UE coprogramados. A power information signaling method in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: co-programming a plurality of User Equipments, UEs, (504, 506) to at least one resource item; generating power information indicating transmit power values that are assigned for the co-programmed UEs; and transmitting the generated power information to a first UE of the co-programmed UEs, wherein the power information comprises the first power information for the first UE and the second power information for at least one second UE, except for the first. UE among co-programmed UEs.

Method and apparatus for code block segmentation in a mobile communication system

A method for segmenting information into code blocks. The method includes setting a number C of code blocks to a minimum integer not less than a value obtained by dividing X by Z; when sizes K of all code blocks are determined to be equal when a length X of the information word is greater than a maximum length Z of each code block, determining a minimum integer value T not less than a value obtained by dividing a size of the information word by a number of code blocks, and determining, as K, a maximum value most approaching the value T among the values based on which a size of the code block can be set in units of eight bits; and generating a code block by inserting filler bits into a specific code block when a value obtained by multiplying K by C is greater than X.

Apparatus and method for generating codes in communication system

A QCTC (Quasi-Complementary Turbo Code) generating apparatus having: a turbo encoder for generating an in-formation symbol sequence and a plurality of parity symbol sequences by encoding the information symbol sequence; a channel interleaver for individually interleaving the symbol sequences, generating new parity symbol sequences by multiplexing the symbols of parity symbol sequences with the same priority levels, and serially concatenating the information symbol sequence and the new parity symbol sequences; and a QCTC generator for generating a sub-code with a given code rate by recursively selecting a prede-termined number of symbols from the concatenated symbol sequence at a given starting position.

Illustration with uneven error protection

A data communication system and rate matching method

A data communication system and a rate matching method to be applied in such data communication system are disclosed. It is possible to use one or both of a non-systematic code (such as a convolutional code or linear block code) and a systematic code (such as a turbo code). According to one aspect, the data communication system comprises a rate matching means with first to third rate matching means for receiving systematic bit stream, first parity bit stream, and second parity bit stream. At least one of the rate matching means rate matches a determined number of parity bits in a respective parity bit stream and a part of the encoded bits are rate matched in each of the rate matching means respectively, and can be controlled according to rate matching parameters. Corresponding bits to be rate matched among the encoded bits are controlled by a subtraction function.

Apparatus and method for efficiently transmitting broadcasting channel utilizing cyclic delay diversity

Apparatus and method for channel coding and multiplexing in a CDMA communication system

Apparatus and method for code generation in a communication system

Hybrid automatic repeat-request system and method

There is provided a method for encoding input information bits by a quasi-complementary turbo code (QCTC) at a predetermined code rate to generate codeword symbols and transmitting the generated codeword symbols. The method comprises selecting one pattern among predetermined patterns corresponding to some or all of the generated codeword symbols in order to transmit the generated codeword symbols by a sub-packet length determined according to a data rate; reading information corresponding to the data rate, the sub-packet length and the selected pattern from a table in which identification information indicating the data rate, the sub-packet length and the selected pattern is previously mapped to given information; and transmitting the generated codeword symbols according to the read information and the selected pattern.

Interleaving apparatus and method for a communication system

An interleaving apparatus and method to determine a new interleaver size N'=2m¢.yen.(j+1) and addresses of 0 to N'-1, if a given interleaver size N is larger than 2m¢.yen.j and smaller than 2m¢.yen.(j+1), where m represents a first parameter indicating a number of consecutive zero bits from a least significant bit (LSB) to a most significant bit (MSB), and j represents a second parameter corresponding to a decimal value except said consecutive zero bits. The interleaving apparatus and method sequentially stores N input data bits in an interleaver memory with the new interleaver size N' from an address 0 to an address N-1. The interleaving apparatus and method then executes a Partial Bit Reversal(PBRO)-interleaving the memory with the new interleaver size N', and reads data from the memory by deleting addresses corresponding to addresses of N to N'-1 of the memory before interleaving.

ADDRESS GENERATOR AND ADDRESS GENERATION METHOD FOR USE IN A TURBO SHAKER / DE-SEALER

Interleaver and interleaving method in a communication system

A P-BRO interleaver and a method for optimizing parameters according to an interleaver size for the P-BRO interleaver. The P-BRO interleaver sequentially, by columns, arranges an input data stream of size N in a matrix having 2m rows and (J-1) columns, and R rows in a Jth column, P-BRO interleaves the arranged data, and reads the interleaved data by rows.