Methods and systems for bandwidths doubling in an ethernet passive optical network

Systems and methods for bandwidth doubling in an Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) enable an optical line terminal (OLT) to transmit downlink to at least one double rate optical network unit (ONU). The double rate transmission is preferably facilitated by use of single rate devices (OLT and ONU) functionally connected to provide the double rate capability. The methods include packet-by-packet multiplexing, bit-by-bit line code interleaving, doubling an inter-packet gap (IPG) length, defining windows of transmission for different transmission rates, using the 8B/10B code, removing the 8B/10B code from just the downlink transmission and symbol-by-symbol multiplexing is downlink transmissions from the double rate OLT.

Triple churning

A data encryption-decryption method includes the steps of receiving a data byte N and performing a triple-churning operation on byte N to obtain an encrypted byte N. Preferably, the triple-churning operation includes performing a first churning operation to obtain a first churned output, bit-wise XORing the first churned output with two values to obtain a first XOR result, performing a second churning operation on the first XOR result to obtain a second churned output, bit-wise XORing the second churned output with two values to obtain a second XOR result, and performing a third churning operation on the second XOR result to obtain encrypted byte N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OFDM FRAME BOUNDARY DETECTION IN A VEHICULAR MULTIPATH CHANNEL

Embodiments of a method for OFDM frame boundary detection in a vehicular multipath channel include use of a maximal channel energy instead of a strongest path for detecting a frame boundary. A sample of OFDM data inputs is processed using long preamble local copy correlation and integration to obtain a channel energy which sums all paths of the multipath. A plurality of such channel energies obtained within a given time period are searched for a maximal channel energy, which, when found, is used to detect the frame boundary.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

GPON rogue-ONU detector

A system, for identifying faults in a GPON that includes an OLT and a plurality of ONUs, including: a global error-counter, coupled to the OLT, for counting FEC-correctable errors, for each ONU, from a data stream from the GPON; and a CPU for extracting an ONU status, indicative of a faulty ONU, contingent on the errors from the global error-counter. A system, for identifying faults in a GPON that includes an OLT and a plurality of ONUs, including: a grant-start error-counter, coupled to the OLT, for counting grant-start errors, for each ONU, from a data stream from the GPON; a grant-end error-counter, coupled to the OLT, for counting grant-end errors for each ONU; and a CPU for extracting an ONU status, indicative of a faulty ONU, contingent on a parameter selected from the group consisting of the grant-start errors, the grant-end errors, and a combination thereof.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Methods for dynamic bandwidth allocation and queue management in Ethernet passive optical networks

In a passive optical network, dynamic bandwidth allocation and queue management methods and algorithms, designed to avoid fragmentation loss, guarantee that a length of a grant issued by an OLT will match precisely the count for bytes to be transmitted to an ONU. The methods include determining an ONU uplink transmission egress based on a three-stage test, and various embodiments of methods for ONU report 700 threshold setting.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Methods and devices for reducing power consumption in a passive optical network while maintaining service continuity

The present invention discloses methods for reducing power consumption in a PON while maintaining service continuity, the method including the steps of: providing an OLT operationally connected to at least one ONU; triggering a sleep request for at least one requesting ONU; upon receiving a sleep acknowledgement, activating a sleep mode for at least one requesting ONU according to a sleep period designated in the sleep request; and terminating the sleep mode according to the sleep period. Preferably, the sleep acknowledgement is transmitted from the OLT to the requesting ONU. Preferably, the sleep period is executed by a sleep command in the sleep acknowledgement. Preferably, the method further includes the step of: upon completion of the sleep period, transmitting buffered data traffic from the OLT to a sleeping ONU. Preferably, the step of transmitting is performed without the sleeping ONU being re-registered and without causing packet reordering.

Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Processor

A dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) processor comprises a DBA co-processor having DBA co-processor components and operative to perform and accelerate DBA functions, and a processing core logically coupled to the DBA co-processor through a processing bus and operative to configure and dynamically control all the DBA co-processor components and to run sections of algorithms that cannot be accelerated on the DBA co-processor. The DBA processor significantly accelerated the bandwidth allocation in a communications network such as an optical communications network or a fast wireless network. The DBA co-processor and the processing core may be integrated on a chip.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Operations method in an ethernet passive optical network that includes a network unit with multiple entities

A method for registration of multiple entities belonging to a specific optical networks unit (ONU). In one embodiment, the multiple entity registration method comprises checking by an optical line terminal (OLT) if a registration request message received from the specific ONU belongs to a certain grant, and based on the check result, registering an entity as either a first or as an additional entity of the specific ONU. In another embodiment, the method comprises checking by an OLT of a reserved value of a flags field inside a registration request message, and based on the check result, registering an entity as either a first or as an additional entity of the specific ONU. The knowledge by an OLT that multiple entities belong to a specific ONU is used for grant optimization and packet data flow optimization.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

METHODS FOR DYNAMIC BANDWIDTH ALLOCATION AND QUEUE MANAGEMENT IN ETHERNET PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKS

In a passive optical network, dynamic bandwidth allocation and queue management methods and algorithms, desgiend to avoid fragmentation loss, guarantee that a length of a grant issued by an OLT will match precisely the count for bytes to be transmitted to an ONU. The methods include determining an ONU uplink transmission egress based on a three-stage test, and various embodiments of methods for ONU report 700 threshold setting ...

OPERATIONS METHOD IN AN ETHERNET PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK THAT INCLUDES A NETWORK UNIT WITH MULTIPLE ENTITIES

A method for registration of multiple entities belonging to a specific optical networks unit (ONU). In one embodiment, the multiple entity registration method comprises checking by an optical line terminal (OLT) if a registration request message (400) received from the specific ONU belongs to a certain grant (402), and based on the check result, registering an entity as either a first (408) or as an additional entity (404) of the specific ONU. In another embodiment, the method comprises checking by an OLT of a reserved value of a flags field (502) inside a registration request message (500), and based on the check result, registering an entity as either a first (508) or as an additional entity (504) of the specific ONU. The knowledge by an OLT that multiple entities belong to a specific ONU is used for grant optimization and packet data flow optimization.

Digital remote antennas operation

Apparatus and methods for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, and in particular for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. The apparatus comprises two remote antennas positioned in a vehicle and communicatively coupled by digital connectivity and a coordinator communicatively coupled to the two remote antennas and operative to synchronize operation of the two remote antennas.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Method and system for passive optical network diagnostics

A method and system for identifying faults in a passive optical network (PON). The method comprises acquiring at an optical network terminal of the PON at least one parameter indicative of at least one malfunction in at least one optical network unit of the PON, and identifying each malfunction from the at least one parameter. The parameters measured include, for each ONU, laser power, sync-lock and -unlock time and bit error rates. The information at the OLT is acquired remotely and in digital form, without use of any physical probing of any point or element in the PON. The system includes a temporal measurement module and a power laser measurement module coupled to a central processing unit that can extract fault information from digital data processed in the two modules.

METHODS AND DEVICES FOR LOW DISTRACTION OPERATION OF A BIKE RIDER GROUP

Devices for low distraction operation of a bike rider group and methods for performing same. A device installed in a bike carrying a member of a bike rider group acting as self-rider, may comprise a rider input analyzer module configured to analyze a self-input provided by the self-rider and to provide a data element reflecting the self-input, a radio modem for sending a V2X message that includes the data element reflecting the self-input and for receiving V2X message that includes a data element from a remote member of the bike rider group, an alert analyzer module configured to detect an alert relevant to the self-rider based on the data element reflecting the self-input and on the data element received from the remote member, and a display configured to display the alert relevant to the self-rider with minimal distraction to the self-rider.

Method and apparatus for C-V2X radio resource allocation

Methods and apparatuses are provided for allocating cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) radio transmission resources for transmitting messages in a C-V2X network from amongst a pool of initial resources from within a plurality of subframes. For each subframe in the plurality of subframes, it is determined whether transmitting in the subframe is likely to cause reception degradation with other C-V2X messages being transmitted in the network, and if yes, all resources in the subframe are excluded prior to allocating a resource for transmission.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Methods And Systems For Bandwidths Doubling In An Ethernet Passive Optical Network

Systems and methods for bandwidth doubling in an Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) enable an optical line terminal (OLT) to transmit downlink to at least one double rate optical network unit (ONU). The double rate transmission is preferably facilitated by use of single rate devices (OLT and ONU) functionally connected to provide the double rate capability. The methods include packet-by-packet multiplexing, bit-by-bit line code interleaving, doubling an inter-packet gap (IPG) length, defining windows of transmission for different transmission rates, using the 8B/10B code, removing the 8B/10B code from just the downlink transmission and symbol-by-symbol multiplexing is downlink transmissions from the double rate OLT.

Forward error correction coding in ethernet networks

A method for improving the bit error rate of Ethernet packets applies forward error correction (FEC) coding to transmitted packets. The FEC coding is systematic block coding, and is applied so that the coded packets can be interpreted by legacy network devices that are not capable of FEC decoding. The transmit and receive state machines of FEC-capable Ethernet nodes are modified to enable the nodes to encode and/or decode the packets with the FEC code, and to adapt the nodes' respective medium access layer (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) data rates.

Relative vehicular positioning using vehicular communications

The relative position of one vehicle vs. another vehicle, both driving in a vehicular environment, is determined using vehicular communications based on the IEEE 802.11 standard. The relative position determination is performed in a measuring vehicle using data provided by a measured vehicle through IEEE 802.11 communications carried through beacons as well as GPS or other location data and local map information.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

METHODS AND DEVICES FOR REDUCING POWER CONSUMPTION IN A PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK WHILE MAINTAINING SERVICE CONTINUITY

The present invention discloses methods for reducing power consumption in a PON while maintaining service continuity, the method including the steps of: providing an OLT operationally connected to at least one ONU; triggering a sleep request for at least one requesting ONU; upon receiving a sleep acknowledgement, activating a sleep mode for at least one requesting ONU according to a sleep period designated in the sleep request; and terminating the sleep mode according to the sleep period. Preferably, the sleep acknowledgement is transmitted from the OLT to the requesting ONU. Preferably, the sleep period is executed by a sleep command in the sleep acknowledgement. Preferably, the method further includes the step of: upon completion of the sleep period, transmitting buffered data traffic from the OLT to a sleeping ONU. Preferably, the step of transmitting is performed without the sleeping ONU being re-registered and without causing packet reordering.

Communication protocol for passive optical network topologies

A protocol for communicating data on a passive optical network conforming to the Ethernet standard provides processes for remote network node discovery and synchronization. Uplink packet transmissions to a central controller, such as an optical line terminal, are scheduled by the central controller. Downlink packets from the central controller to a remote network node, such as an optical network unit, are encrypted to preserve privacy, and the key used for encryption is changed periodically. The protocol further provides processes for detecting the loss of physical or logical connection between the central controller and the remote network nodes.

Reliable broadcast transmission in a vehicular environment

Methods for reliable broadcast transmission in a vehicular environment comprise providing a dynamic local map for a driven vehicle, selecting a pivot vehicle based on the local map and optionally on a radio frequency coverage limit and performing a RTS/CTS handshake between the driven vehicle and the pivot vehicle. The CTS message by the pivot vehicle clears the way for the driven vehicle to broadcast data to other vehicles in the environment.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR C-V2X RADIO RESOURCE ALLOCATION

Methods and apparatuses for allocating cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) radio transmission resources for transmitting messages in a C-V2X network from amongst a pool of initial resources comprised within a plurality of sub tames are disclosed. For each subframe in the plurality of subframes, it is determined whether transmitting in the subframe is likely to cause reception degradation with other C-V2X messages being transmitted in the network, and if yes, all resources in the subframe are excluded prior to allocating a resource for transmission. 1. In a cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communication unit for transmitting messages in a C-V2X network , a method for allocating radio transmission resources from amongst a pool of initial resources , the pool of resources comprised within a plurality of subframes , the method comprising:determining, for each subframe in the plurality of subframes, whether transmitting in the subframe is likely to cause reception degradation with other C-V2X messages being transmitted in the network; andif yes, excluding all resources in the subframe prior to allocating a resource for transmission.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining whether transmitting in the subframe is likely to cause reception degradation and if yes claim 1 , excluding all resources in the subframe comprises:a) setting an initial half-duplex (“HD”) energy threshold;b) for each subframe in the plurality of subframes, excluding all resources within the subframe if at least one resource within the subframe has energy above the HD energy threshold;c) after the exclusion if the number of remaining resources is not greater than a predetermined percentage of initial resources, increasing the HD energy threshold; andd) repeating steps b) through c) until the number of remaining resources is greater than the predetermined percentage of initial resources.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein in step a) the initial HD threshold is set to between −70 dBm and − ...

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

METHODS FOR DYNAMIC BANDWIDTH ALLOCATION AND QUEUE MANAGEMENT IN ETHERNET PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKS

In a passive optical network, dynamic bandwidth allocation and queue management methods and algorithms, designed to avoid fragmentation loss, guarantee that a length of a grant issued by an OLT will match precisely the count for bytes to be transmitted to an ONU. The methods include determining an ONU uplink transmission egress based on a three-stage test, and various embodiments of methods for ONU report 700 threshold setting ...

Dynamic bandwidth allocation processor

A dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) processor comprises a DBA co-processor having DBA co-processor components and operative to perform and accelerate DBA functions, and a processing core logically coupled to the DBA co-processor through a processing bus and operative to configure and dynamically control all the DBA co-processor components and to run sections of algorithms that cannot be accelerated on the DBA co-processor. The DBA processor significantly accelerated the bandwidth allocation in a communications network such as an optical communications network or a fast wireless network. The DBA co-processor and the processing core may be integrated on a chip.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Method and apparatus for c-V2X radio resource allocation

Methods and apparatus for allocating cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) radio transmission resources for transmitting messages in a C-V2X network from amongst a pool of initial resources comprised within a plurality of subframes. For each subframe in the plurality of subframes, it is determined whether transmitting in the subframe is likely to cause reception degradation with other C-V2X messages being transmitted in the C-V2X network, and if yes, all resources in the subframe are excluded prior to allocating a resource for transmission.

Operations method in an ethernet passive optical network that includes a network unit with multiple entities

A method for registration of multiple entities belonging to a specific optical networks unit (ONU). In one embodiment, the multiple entity registration method comprises checking by an optical line terminal (OLT) if a registration request message (400) received from the specific ONU belongs to a certain grant (402), and based on the check result, registering an entity as either a first (408) or as an additional entity (404) of the specific ONU. In another embodiment, the method comprises checking by an OLT of a reserved value of a flags field (502) inside a registration request message (500), and based on the check result, registering an entity as either a first (508) or as an additional entity (504) of the specific ONU. The knowledge by an OLT that multiple entities belong to a specific ONU is used for grant optimization and packet data flow optimization.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

V2X MESSAGE PROCESSING FOR MACHINE LEARNING APPLICATIONS

Methods and systems for processing vehicle to everything (V2X) messages for use by machine learning applications are disclosed. From each of a plurality of vehicles, one or more V2X messages are received, each V2X message including vehicle-related data associated with the vehicle and the received message. A sequence of frames is generated based on the vehicle-related data from at least a subset of vehicles in the plurality of vehicles. Slices of the sequence of frames are aggregated to generate a plurality of time-lapse images. One or more time-lapse images are processed using a machine learning algorithm to generate an output indicative of a traffic-related prediction.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTEXT-BASED RELIABLE V2X OPERATION

Apparatus for V2X communications comprising an application layer configured to analyze a high-risk scenario involving a self-vehicle and other vehicles, an access or network layer configured to ensure reception of messages broadcast by the self-vehicle by requesting acknowledged only from vehicles identified as involved in the high-risk scenario, and an interface connecting the application layer to the access or network layer for carrying results of the analysis of the high-risk scenario and the identification of involved vehicles. In an exemplary method of use, a self-vehicle performing identifies vehicles involved in a high-risk scenario, broadcasts one or more times a first message that can prevent or mitigate the high-risk, requests acknowledgement for the first message from only the identified vehicles, and rebroadcasts the first message if acknowledgement is not received from all the identified vehicles before a predetermined condition is fulfilled.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Cooperative ADAS and cooperative safety systems and methods using V2X communications

Cooperative advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) and cooperative safety systems using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications and methods of use. A method may comprise, by a guiding vehicle, periodically identifying an error of a nearby connected road-user and if an error is identified, transmitting a guidance message with guidance data using V2X communications to the connected road-user; and by the connected road-user as a guided road-user, using the guidance data to fix the error.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR V2X ASIL DECOMPOSITION

Advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) and method for enabling V2X ASIL decomposition for operation in a self-vehicle. The ADAS includes an ADAS unit, a plurality of sensors, a corroboration unit and a state machine. The corroboration unit is configured to ignore road-users detected by one sensor if such road-users are not detected by at least one of the other sensors, and the state machine is configured to apply light braking of the self-vehicle based on an uncorroborated V2X alert on an accident risk, and to adjust the braking after the V2X alert is positively or negatively corroborated. 1. A method , comprising: in a self-vehicle using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication ,receiving a V2X message that includes an alert on an accident risk posed by a road-user detected by V2X;applying light braking;corroborating or not corroborating the accident risk using a self-vehicle sensor; and,if the accident risk is corroborated, applying harder braking than the light braking to prevent an accident related to the accident risk, or, if the accident risk is not corroborated, stopping the light braking,whereby the method provides automotive safety integrity level (ASIL) decomposition of the V2X communication.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying light braking includes applying braking up to 3.5 m/sec.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the accident risk is not corroborated if claim 1 , after waiting for a pre-determined time period or for a pre-determined distance between the self-vehicle and the road-user claim 1 , the accident risk is not detected by a self-vehicle sensor.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the accident risk includes a rear-end accident risk or a side accident risk.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is performed using a state machine.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ASIL decomposition includes an ASIL decomposition of a V2X element to grade B.7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the pre-determined time period or the pre- ...

Enhancing the Ethernet FEC state machine to strengthen correlator performance

The present invention discloses devices and methods for improving data correlation using a multiple-correlation state-machine, the method including the steps of: (a) pre-processing a data frame having a plurality of symbol sets, wherein each symbol set demarks a respective frame field of the frame, to provide a threshold-compared hamming-distance indicator; (b) comparing the threshold-compared hamming-distance indicator with at least one multiple-correlation threshold to provide a threshold-compared multiple-correlation indicator; and (c) combining the threshold-compared hamming-distance indicator and the threshold-compared multiple-correlation indicator to determine a match/no-match comparison indicative of the respective frame field. In some embodiments, the step of combining includes forming a logical-AND of the threshold-compared hamming-distance indicator and the threshold-compared multiple-correlation indicator. Preferably, the method further includes the step of: (d) prior to the ...

Enhancing the ethernet FEC state machine to strengthen correlator performance

The present invention discloses devices and methods for improving data correlation using a multiple-correlation state-machine, the method including the steps of: (a) pre-processing a data frame having a plurality of symbol sets, wherein each symbol set demarks a respective frame field of the frame, to provide a threshold-compared hamming-distance indicator; (b) comparing the threshold-compared hamming-distance indicator with at least one multiple-correlation threshold to provide a threshold-compared multiple-correlation indicator; and (c) combining the threshold-compared hamming-distance indicator and the threshold-compared multiple-correlation indicator to determine a match/no-match comparison indicative of the respective frame field. In some embodiments, the step of combining includes forming a logical-AND of the threshold-compared hamming-distance indicator and the threshold-compared multiple-correlation indicator. Preferably, the method further includes the step of: (d) prior to the ...

RSSI BASED V2X COMMUNICATION PLAUSABILITY CHECK

System and methods for plausibility check in vehicle-to-everything dynamic environments in which a local vehicle communicates with remote vehicles. The system comprises means for obtaining a measured RSSI from a specific remote vehicle, and a modified plausibility check unit configurable and operable to apply a dynamic RSSI model to detect implausible positioning of the specific remote vehicle and/or of the local vehicle based on the measured RSSI of the specific remote vehicle and on a RSSI calculated for the specific remote vehicle. Decisions on respective further actions to be performed by the specific remote vehicle and by the local vehicle are made based on respective plausibility checks applied to both vehicles using the dynamic RSSI model.

Methods for dynamic bandwidth allocation and queue management in ethernet passive optical networks

In a passive optical network, dynamic bandwidth allocation and queue management methods and algorithms, desgiend to avoid fragmentation loss, guarantee that a length of a grant issued by an OLT will match precisely the count of bytes to be transmitted by an ONU. The methods include determining an ONU uplink transmission egress order based on a three-stage test, and various embodiments of methods for ONU report threshold setting.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TWO-WHEELER SAFETY BASED ON VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS

Devices for alerting visually a vehicle at an intersection when a specific two-wheeler is detected in an alert zone associated with the intersection using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, and methods for configuring and using such devices. The devices include a display for displaying the visual alert and a communication and processing unit for processing V2X messages received from two-wheelers and for determining the need for and type of visual alert. The devices may be configured remotely using an application running on an installer's mobile device.

Communication protocol for passive optical network topologies

A protocol for communicating data on a passive optical network conforming to the Ethernet standard provides processes for remote network node discovery and synchronization. Uplink packet transmissions to a central controller, such as an optical line terminal, are scheduled by the central controller. Downlink packets from the central controller to a remote network node, such as an optical network unit, are encrypted to preserve privacy, and the key used for encryption is changed periodically. The protocol further provides processes for detecting the loss of physical or logical connection between the central controller and the remote network nodes.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Triple and quadruple churning security for 1G and 10G PON

A data encryption-decryption method for enhancing the confidentiality of data transmitted between two, first and second communication network entities including the steps of: at the first network entity, performing a quadruple-churning operation on a byte N to obtain an encrypted byte N, the quadruple-churning operation including: performing a first churning operation to obtain a first churned output; bit-wise XORing the first churned output with two values to obtain a first XOR result; bit-swapping the first XOR result; performing a second churning and XORing stages to obtain a second XOR result; performing a third churning and XORing stages to obtain a third XOR result; bit swapping the third XOR result; and performing a fourth churning operation on the third bit-swapped XOR result to obtain encrypted byte N; and transmitting the encrypted byte N to the second network entity.

Methods for dynamic bandwidth allocation and queue management in Ethernet passive optical networks

In a passive optical network, dynamic bandwidth allocation and queue management methods and algorithms, designed to avoid fragmentation loss, guarantee that a length of a grant issued by an OLT will match precisely the count of bytes to be transmitted by an ONU. The methods include determining an ONU uplink transmission egress order based on a three-stage test, and various embodiments of methods for ONU report threshold setting.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Positioning enhancement through time-of-flight measurement in WLAN

Method and system for obtaining positioning of nodes in a wireless local access network (WLAN), comprise, by an initiator node of the WLAN, calculating a compensated time-of-flight (ToF) of messages exchanged between the initiator node and a target node and calculating a distance of the target node relative to the initiator node using the compensated ToF, thereby obtaining relative positioning between the initiator and target nodes. The compensated ToF is calculated using OFDM symbol slope inputs measured at the initiator and target nodes. Each node is associated with an enhanced WLAN unit adapted to measure and calculate the compensated ToF.

Тriplе сhurning

А dаtа еnсrуptiоn-dесrуptiоn mеthоd inсludеs thе stеps оf rесеiving а dаtа bуtе N аnd pеrfоrming а triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn bуtе N tо оbtаin аn еnсrуptеd bуtе N. Рrеfеrаblу, thе triplе-сhurning оpеrаtiоn inсludеs pеrfоrming а first сhurning оpеrаtiоn tо оbtаin а first сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе first сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а first ХОR rеsult, pеrfоrming а sесоnd сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе first ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin а sесоnd сhurnеd оutput, bit-wisе ХОRing thе sесоnd сhurnеd оutput with twо vаluеs tо оbtаin а sесоnd ХОR rеsult, аnd pеrfоrming а third сhurning оpеrаtiоn оn thе sесоnd ХОR rеsult tо оbtаin еnсrуptеd bуtе N.

Dynamic RF matrix emulator

A dynamic RF matrix emulator uses digital switching to emulate the switching behavior of hundreds of wireless terminals. The emulator includes a switching matrix with channels formed between terminal pairs, digital front ends for coupling terminals digitally to the switching matrix, and a channel database having entries representing attenuation values which can be changed in time, the attenuation values correlated with movement of vehicles provided by a traffic simulator. Channel behavior is defined by temporal attenuation values obtained from the database. The digital switching is controlled through a digital communication protocol.

OPERATION METHODS IN AN ETHERNET PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK THAT INCLUDES A NETWORK UNIT WITH MULTIPLE ENTITIES

A method for registration of multiple entities belonging to a specific optical network unit (ONU). In one embodiment, the multiple entity registration method comprises checking by an optical line terminal (OLT) if a registration request message received from the specific ONU belongs to a certain grant, and based on the check result, registering an entity as either a first or as an additional entity of the specific ONU. In another embodiment, the method comprises checking by an OLT of a reserved value of a flags field inside a registration request message, and based on the check result, registering an entity as either a first or as an additional entity of the specific ONU. The knowledge by an OLT that multiple entities belong to a specific ONU is used for grant optimization and packet data flow optimization. 1. A method for packet data flow optimization in a passive optical network (PON) that includes an optical line terminal (OLT) and a plurality of optical network units (ONUs) of which at least one is a multiple entity ONU having a bridge , the method comprising the steps of:a. determining, by the multiple entity ONU, if a packet originates from the OLT or from an originating user port;b. searching for a destination address of said packet;c. if said destination address is not found, transmitting, by the multiple entity ONU, said packet solely to the OLT; andd. if said destination address is found, transmitting, by the multiple entity ONU, said packet to a destination selected from the group consisting of a destination user port of said multiple entity ONU, other than said originating user port, and the combination of said OLT and all user ports except said originating user port;whereby the method removes the need for a source address learning by the ONU when said packet is received from the OLT2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of transmitting said packet solely to the OLT is followed by the step of transmitting claim 1 , by the OLT claim 1 , of said ...

METHODS FOR ACTIVITY REDUCTION IN PEDESTRIAN-TO-VEHICLE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Methods for pedestrian unit (PU) communication activity reduction in pedestrian-to-vehicle communication networks include obtaining safety risk information for a pedestrian at risk for involvement in an accident and using the risk information to adjust a PU communication activity. In some embodiments, the activity reduction is achieved without implementing understanding of surroundings. In other embodiments, the activity reduction is based on risk assessment provided by vehicles. In some embodiments, the activity reduction includes PU transmission reduction. In some embodiments the transmission activity reduction may be followed by reception activity reduction for overall power consumption reduction. 1. A method for activity reduction in a pedestrian-to-vehicle communication network comprising steps ofa) obtaining pedestrian safety risk information related to a particular person; andb) based on the obtained pedestrian safety risk information, adjusting the communication activity of a personal communication unit (PU) associated with the particular person.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of obtaining pedestrian safety risk information includes determining whether the particular person is located inside a vehicle.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the determining whether the particular person is located inside a vehicle includes obtaining a pedestrian speed based on GPS data and comparing the pedestrian speed to a predetermined speed value.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein claim 3 , if the pedestrian speed is higher than the predetermined speed value claim 3 , the determining further includes detecting a vehicle closest to the particular pedestrian and monitoring a distance deviation between the particular person and the closest vehicle over a predetermined time period.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein claim 4 , if the distance deviation is smaller than a first deviation threshold claim 4 , the particular person is determined to be inside the closest ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR GPS AUGMENTATION USING COOPERATIVE ALTITUDE LEARNING

A method for GPS augmentation in a local vehicle located in a particular road section comprises cooperatively learning an averaged external altitude for the particular road section, obtaining an internal altitude for the particular road section, and using the averaged external altitude and the internal altitude to obtain an augmented local altitude for the particular road section. The augmented local altitude is then used to provide an augmented position for the particular road section. The averaged external altitude is learned cooperatively, using external altitudes obtained for the particular road section and transmitted by other vehicles which previously passed through that section. Only reliable external altitude values, as determined from respective VDOP parameters, are used in the cooperative altitude learning. 1. A method for GPS augmentation comprising the steps of: in a particular vehicle currently located in a particular road section:a) cooperatively learning an averaged external altitude for the particular road section;b) obtaining a current internal altitude; andc) using the cooperatively learned averaged external altitude and the current internal altitude to obtain an augmented altitude for the particular road section.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:d) using the augmented altitude to provide an augmented position for the particular road section.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of cooperatively learning an averaged external altitude includes obtaining a plurality of external altitude inputs for the particular road section and averaging at least some of the external altitude inputs to obtain the averaged external altitude.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the averaging at least some of the external altitude inputs includes using only reliable external inputs as indicated by a respective vertical dilution of precision (VDOP) claim 3 , the method further comprising averaging the respective VDOPs of the reliable external ...

Method and apparatus for c-v2x radio resource allocation

Methods and apparatuses for allocating cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) radio transmission resources for transmitting messages in a C-V2X network from amongst a pool of initial resources comprised within a plurality of subframes are disclosed. For each subframe in the plurality of subframes, it is determined whether transmitting in the subframe is likely to cause reception degradation with other C-V2X messages being transmitted in the network, and if yes, all resources in the subframe are excluded prior to allocating a resource for transmission.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COEXISTENCE OF A V2X SAFETY CHANNEL WITH OTHER CHANNELS

Method and apparatus for mitigating interference between two channels in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. A method includes activating two, first and second communication channels in a vehicle, and mitigating interference when the two channels operate concurrently. The first communication channel may be a V2X safety channel and the second communication channel may be a WiFi or V2X non-safety channel. Apparatus used to perform the method includes an interface between two, first and second modems, each modem coupled through two transceivers to two antennas, the interface used for coordinating between the first and second modems to mitigate interference between the first communication channel and the second communication channel. 1. A method , comprising:a) in a vehicle, activating two communication channels; andb) mitigating interference between the two channels when the two channels operate concurrently.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the activating two communication channels includes activating a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) safety channel and a WiFi channel.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the mitigating interference between the two channels includes protecting reception in the V2X safety channel from transmission in the WiFi channel.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the mitigating interference between the two channels includes protecting reception in the WiFi channel from transmission in the V2X safety channel.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the activating two communication channels includes activating a V2X safety channel and a V2X non-safety channel.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the mitigating interference between the two channels includes protecting reception in the V2X non-safety channel from transmission in the V2X safety channel.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the mitigating interference between the two channels includes protecting reception in the V2X safety channel from transmission in the V2X non-safety channel.8. The method of ...

RELATIVE VEHICULAR POSITIONING USING VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS

The relative position of one vehicle vs. another vehicle, both driving in a vehicular environment, is determined using vehicular communications based on the IEEE 802.11 standard. The relative position determination is performed in a measuring vehicle using data provided by a measured vehicle through IEEE 802.11 communications carried through beacons as well as GPS or other location data and local map information 1. A method for determining the position of a first moving vehicle relative to a second moving vehicle in a vehicular environment , comprising the steps of: in the first moving vehicle:a) receiving each of a plurality of IEEE 802.11 standard based communications from the second moving vehicle, each said receiving including receiving a packet with packet data, from the second moving vehicle, that includes an absolute position and an absolute speed vector of said scond moving vehicle; and i) computing a preliminary relative position of the first moving vehicle relative to the second moving vehicle according to said absolute position and said absolute speed vector of said second moving vehicle, and', 'ii) correcting said preliminary relative position in accordance with said receiving of said plurality of IEEE 802.11 standard based communications., 'b) determining the position of the first moving vehicle relative to the second moving vehicle based on information including IEEE 802.11 standard based communications received from only the second moving vehicle, -by steps including2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said computing of said preliminary relative position is also according to an absolute position and an absolute speed vector of said first moving vehicle.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said correcting includes Angle-Of-Arrival triangulation.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said respective absolute position and speed vector of each moving vehicle include respective absolute Global Navigation Satellite System position and speed data of each moving ...

SELF-LEARNING SAFETY SIGN FOR TWO-WHEELERS

Embodiments disclosed herein provide for a method including configuring a self-learning safety sign to: establish vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications with a two-wheeler equipped with a V2X transceiver and positioned at a ride point and/or ridden along a common and divergent route according to a setup stage for the safety sign; receive ride parameters in the V2X communications from the two-wheeler associated with the positioning and/or riding of the two-wheeler; and analyze the received ride parameters to create a ride model for determining a future route to be taken by any two-wheeler in V2X communication with the safety sign. 1. A method , comprising:configuring a self-learning safety sign to:establish vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications with a two-wheeler equipped with a V2X transceiver and positioned at a ride point and/or ridden along a common and divergent route according to a setup stage for the safety sign;receive ride parameters in the V2X communications from the two-wheeler associated with the positioning and/or riding of the two-wheeler; andanalyze the received ride parameters to create a ride model for determining a future route to be taken by any two-wheeler in V2X communication with the safety sign.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ride point is a position proximal to a crosswalk on the common route.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the safety sign is further configured to communicate with a setup app configured for indicating a setup stage.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the safety sign is further configured to:determine comparison parameters including comparison points and associated ride parameters;form a decision parameter table including comparison parameters featuring ride parameters with considerable differences at a comparison point; andbased on the decision parameter table, train a decision algorithm to create the ride model.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ride model is created using machine learning techniques.6. ...

Positioning enhancement through time-of-flight measurement in wlan

Method and system for obtaining positioning of nodes in a wireless local access network (WLAN), comprise, by an initiator node of the WLAN, calculating a compensated time-of-flight (ToF) of messages exchanged between the initiator node and a target node and calculating a distance of the target node relative to the initiator node using the compensated ToF, thereby obtaining relative positioning between the initiator and target nodes. The compensated ToF is calculated using OFDM symbol slope inputs measured at the initiator and target nodes. Each node is associated with an enhanced WLAN unit adapted to measure and calculate the compensated ToF.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DRIVER RISK GRADING BASED ON VEHICLE-TO EVERYTHING (V2X) COMMMUNICATION

System for evaluating driver risk, comprising a local V2X communication unit for transmitting at least one attribute from a self-vehicle to remote vehicles and for receiving in the self-vehicle at least one attribute from each of the remote vehicles, the self-vehicle and the remote vehicles having respective drivers, a local unsafe act detection unit configured to detect at least one unsafe act of the self-vehicle and to report the at least one unsafe act, and a centralized driver behavior-grading unit configured to process the reported at least one unsafe act, to grade the driver of the self-vehicle for risk, and to output a respective self-vehicle driver risk grade. A method performed using the system comprises checking if the remote vehicle had a major speed decrease in a recent given time period, if yes, checking if the self-vehicle influences the remote vehicle, if yes, checking respective speed patterns of the self-vehicle and of the remote vehicle for patterns typical for at least one unsafe act, if patterns typical for at least one unsafe act are found, grading the at least one unsafe act, and based on the grading the at least one unsafe act, grading the driver of the self-vehicle for risk. 1. A system for evaluating driver risk , comprising:a local vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication unit for transmitting at least one attribute from a self-vehicle to remote vehicles and for receiving in the self-vehicle at least one attribute from each of the remote vehicles, the self-vehicle and the remote vehicles having respective drivers;a local unsafe act detection unit configured to detect at least one unsafe act of the self-vehicle and to report the at least one unsafe act; anda centralized driver behavior-grading unit configured to process the reported at least one unsafe act, to grade the driver of the self-vehicle for risk, and to output a respective self-vehicle driver risk grade.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the local unsafe act detection unit ...

DIGITAL REMOTE ANTENNAS OPERATION

Apparatus and methods for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, and in particular for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. The apparatus comprises two remote antennas positioned in a vehicle and communicatively coupled by digital connectivity and a coordinator communicatively coupled to the two remote antennas and operative to synchronize operation of the two remote antennas. 1. Apparatus for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications , comprising:a) two remote antennas positioned remotely from each other and communicatively coupled by digital connectivity; andb) a coordinator communicatively coupled to the two remote antennas and operative to synchronize operation of the two remote antennas.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the coordinator includes a transmission scheduling module configured to schedule a concurrent future transmission time for the two remote antennas.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the coordinator further includes a timing distribution unit for distributing the concurrent future transmission time for the two remote antennas.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein each remote antenna includes a timing control unit for receiving the future transmission time and for setting the future transmission time in the remote antenna.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the coordinator includes a duplicate prevention module configured to ensure that only a single copy of a packet is received from both remote antennas.6. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein each remote antenna further includes a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) exchange module for exchanging a CCA state with the other remote antenna through the coordinator.7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the coordinator includes a link profiling module configured to establish an optimal time interval that includes the concurrent future transmission time.8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the link profiling module is further configured to establish the CCA state at each remote antenna ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SUPPORTING MULTI-CHANNEL DYNAMICALLY CONTROLLED DIVERSITY RECEPTION

Systems for supporting multi-channel dynamically controlled diversity reception in wireless communications include a plurality M of receivers coupled to M antennas and configured to handle N communication channels wherein N≦M≦(2*N−1) and N channel state machines configured to dynamically allocate multiple channels of the N channels to the M receivers to support dynamic switched diversity for multi-channel dynamically controlled reception. Each channel state machine is configured to control the operation of each receiver. Arbitration is performed between channel state machines when such channel state machines work concurrently. In some embodiments, a lock state machine inside each channel state machine accelerates the locking time of a receiver based on at least one parameter received from another receiver. 1. A system for wireless communication , comprising:a) a plurality M of receivers coupled to M antennas and configured to handle N communication channels wherein N≦M≦(2*N−1); andb) N channel state machines configured to dynamically allocate multiple channels of the N channels to the M receivers to support dynamic switched diversity for multi-channel dynamically controlled reception.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein each channel state machine is configured to control the operation of each receiver.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein each receiver is dynamically configured to process a single channel.4. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an arbitration component configured to arbitrate between channel state machines when such channel state machines work concurrently.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the arbitration includes allocation of a different time slot to each channel state machine.4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the arbitration includes allocation of an available receiver per priority of a processed channel.6. The system of claim 4 , further comprising a fast lock control mechanism operative to accelerate the locking time of one receiver based on ...

Method and apparatus for v2x multichannel operation

Apparatus and methods that mitigate interferences between two vehicle-to everything (V2X) communications channels to maintain a sufficient communication range for both channels. A method comprises, in a V2X communication unit, detecting energy of an adjacent channel, or current and future scheduled transmission in the adjacent channel, if available, the adjacent channel being adjacent to a main channel, and if adjacent channel transmission is detected, deferring transmission in the main channel to maintain a sufficient communication range for both the main channel and the adjacent channel.

WIRELESS PEDESTRIAN NOTIFICATION

Method for wireless communication in an environment that includes autonomous vehicles, comprising: by a given autonomous vehicle, transmitting a dedicated notification message to a personal unit of a particular pedestrian, wherein the personal unit is configured to alert the particular pedestrian about contents of the dedicated notification message. 1. A method for wireless communication in an environment that includes autonomous vehicles , comprising: by a given autonomous vehicle , transmitting a dedicated notification message to a personal unit of a particular pedestrian , wherein the personal unit is configured to alert the particular pedestrian about contents of the dedicated notification message.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the personal unit is configured to alert the particular pedestrian by displaying at least part of the dedicated notification message on a human-machine interface of the personal unit.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the human-machine interface includes a radar-like display of a smartphone.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the personal unit includes a personal electronic device.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the personal unit includes an augmented reality device.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the augmented reality device includes smart glasses.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transmitting a dedicated notification message to a personal unit of a particular pedestrian includes transmitting a notification device having at least one attribute.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the at least one attribute includes an attribute by which the autonomous vehicle indicates an action intended by the autonomous vehicle.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the intended action includes an action to yield to the particular pedestrian.10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the at least one attribute includes an attribute by which the autonomous vehicle indicates its relative positioning to the particular pedestrian.11. The method of claim 7 ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROXY OPERATION IN VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS

Method and apparatus for proxy operation in a vehicular environment that includes a first plurality of ego-vehicles having vehicular communication capability (V2X vehicles) and respective sensors and a second plurality of vehicles without vehicular communication capability (non-V2X vehicles), a method embodiment comprising the steps of, in an ego-vehicle, determining that a particular vehicle observed by the respective ego-vehicle sensor is a non-V2X, proxy target vehicle, electing the ego-vehicle as a proxy server for the proxy target vehicle, and performing proxy transmission for the proxy target vehicle. 1. A method for proxy operation in a vehicular environment that includes a first plurality of ego-vehicles having vehicular communication capability (V2X vehicles) and respective sensors and a second plurality of vehicles without vehicular communication capability (non-V2X vehicles) , the method comprising the steps of: in an ego-vehicle:a) determining that a particular vehicle observed by the respective ego-vehicle sensor is a non-V2X, proxy target vehicle;b) electing the ego-vehicle as a proxy server for the proxy target vehicle; andc) performing proxy transmission for the proxy target vehicle.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the respective sensor is a camera and wherein the step of determining that a particular vehicle observed by the respective ego-vehicle camera is a proxy target vehicle includes determining a similarity value between camera-based information and vehicular communication-based information received at the ego-vehicle.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the determining a similarity degree includes calculating a similarity value based on an overall correlation value.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the overall correlation value is calculated using a plurality of correlation values claim 3 , each correlation value calculated using a result of a subtraction between a motion parameter of the ego-vehicle and a motion parameter of the proxy target ...

Digital gaussian frequency shift keying modulator

A GFSK modulator suitable for use in an RF communication system comprising a modular subsystem and a baseband processor subsystem which is implemented digitally. The baseband processor subsystem comprises a Gaussian filter, phase accumulator and cosine and sine look up tables. The baseband processor functions to convert an input data sequence into I and Q output signals. The I and Q signals are subsequently modulated by a quadrature modulator to yield a GFSK modulated signal which can then be amplified and placed into the channel. The response of the Gaussian filter is pre-calculated for all possible combinations of the input data and the results are quantized and stored in a look up table. The quantized phase results (either magnitude or differences), generated in response to the input data, are accumulated digitally and converted to I and Q signals. The modulator may be implemented using three look up tables: two of which are for storing cosine and sine values and the third is used to store the pre-calculated quantized phase results (either absolute magnitudes or differences). The size of the three look up tables may be reduced by taking advantage of the symmetry properties of the Gaussian filter response and the cosine and sine functions.

Apparatus for and method of generating a clock from an available clock of arbitrary frequency

An apparatus for and method of generating a clock signal having a desired frequency that is derived from a clock source having any arbitrary,frequency. The mechanism of the present invention generates an average rate, very close to the optimal rate desired, by ‘swallowing’ or absorbing clock cycles of the available frequency source. Precise timing is achieved by adding correcting time intervals, which are based on counting pulses from the higher rate clock source. The clock frequency generator comprises a standby mode state machine and a jitter calculation processor. Timing calculations are performed by the jitter calculation processor and the standby mode state machine functions to generate the desired standby mode clock frequency. The state machine utilizes counters to track the number of cycles of the available clock and the number of generated cycles of the standby clock.

Methods for dynamic bandwidth allocation and queue management in ethernet passive optical networks

GPON Rogue-ONU detection based on error counts

A system, for identifying faults in a GPON that includes an OLT and a plurality of ONUs, including: a global error-counter, coupled to the OLT, for counting FEC-correctable errors, for each ONU, from a data stream from the GPON; and a CPU for extracting an ONU status, indicative of a faulty ONU, contingent on the errors from the global error-counter. A system, for identifying faults in a GPON that includes an OLT and a plurality of ONUs, including: a grant-start error-counter, coupled to the OLT, for counting grant-start errors, for each ONU, from a data stream from the GPON; a grant-end error-counter, coupled to the OLT, for counting grant-end errors for each ONU; and a CPU for extracting an ONU status, indicative of a faulty ONU, contingent on a parameter selected from the group consisting of the grant-start errors, the grant-end errors, and a combination thereof.

V2X message processing for machine learning applications

Methods and systems for processing vehicle to everything (V2X) messages for use by machine learning applications are disclosed. From each of a plurality of vehicles, one or more V2X messages are received, each V2X message including vehicle-related data associated with the vehicle and the received message. A sequence of frames is generated based on the vehicle-related data from at least a subset of vehicles in the plurality of vehicles. Slices of the sequence of frames are aggregated to generate a plurality of time-lapse images. One or more time-lapse images are processed using a machine learning algorithm to generate an output indicative of a traffic-related prediction.

GPON rogue-ONU detection based on error counts

A system, for identifying faults in a GPON that includes an OLT and a plurality of ONUs, including: a global error-counter, coupled to the OLT, for counting FEC-correctable errors, for each ONU, from a data stream from the GPON; and a CPU for extracting an ONU status, indicative of a faulty ONU, contingent on the errors from the global error-counter. A system, for identifying faults in a GPON that includes an OLT and a plurality of ONUs, including: a grant-start error-counter, coupled to the OLT, for counting grant-start errors, for each ONU, from a data stream from the GPON; a grant-end error-counter, coupled to the OLT, for counting grant-end errors for each ONU; and a CPU for extracting an ONU status, indicative of a faulty ONU, contingent on a parameter selected from the group consisting of the grant-start errors, the grant-end errors, and a combination thereof.

Dynamic rf matrix emulator

A dynamic RF matrix emulator uses digital switching to emulate the switching behavior of hundreds of wireless terminals. The emulator includes a switching matrix with channels formed between terminal pairs, digital front ends for coupling terminals digitally to the switching matrix, and a channel database having entries representing attenuation values which can be changed in time, the attenuation values correlated with movement of vehicles provided by a traffic simulator. Channel behavior is defined by temporal attenuation values obtained from the database. The digital switching is controlled through a digital communication protocol.

Gpon rogue-onu detection based on error counts

A system, for identifying faults in a GPON that includes an OLT and a plurality of ONUs, including: a global error-counter, coupled to the OLT, for counting FEC-correctable errors, for each ONU, from a data stream from the GPON; and a CPU for extracting an ONU status, indicative of a faulty ONU, contingent on the errors from the global error-counter. A system, for identifying faults in a GPON that includes an OLT and a plurality of ONUs, including: a grant-start error-counter, coupled to the OLT, for counting grant-start errors, for each ONU, from a data stream from the GPON; a grant-end error-counter, coupled to the OLT, for counting grant-end errors for each ONU; and a CPU for extracting an ONU status, indicative of a faulty ONU, contingent on a parameter selected from the group consisting of the grant-start errors, the grant-end errors, and a combination thereof.

Dynamic rf matrix emulator

A dynamic RF matrix emulator uses digital switching to emulate the switching behavior of hundreds of wireless terminals. The emulator includes a switching matrix with channels formed between terminal pairs, digital front ends for coupling terminals digitally to the switching matrix, and a channel database having entries representing attenuation values which can be changed in time, the attenuation values correlated with movement of vehicles provided by a traffic simulator. Channel behavior is defined by temporal attenuation values obtained from the database. The digital switching is controlled through a digital communication protocol.

Reliable broadcast transmission in a vehicular environment

Methods for reliable broadcast transmission in a vehicular environment comprise providing a dynamic local map for a driven vehicle, selecting a pivot vehicle based on the local map and optionally on a radio frequency coverage limit and performing a RTS/CTS handshake between the driven vehicle and the pivot vehicle. The CTS message by the pivot vehicle clears the way for the driven vehicle to broadcast data to other vehicles in the environment.

Self-learning safety sign for two-wheelers

Embodiments disclosed herein provide for a method including configuring a self-learning safety sign to: establish vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications with a two-wheeler equipped with a V2X transceiver and positioned at a ride point and/or ridden along a common and divergent route according to a setup stage for the safety sign; receive ride parameters in the V2X communications from the two-wheeler associated with the positioning and/or riding of the two-wheeler; and analyze the received ride parameters to create a ride model for determining a future route to be taken by any two-wheeler in V2X communication with the safety sign.

Dynamic bandwidth allocation processor

A dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) processor comprises a DBA co-processor (120) having DBA co-processor components and operative to perform and accelerate DBA functions, and a processing core (100) logically coupled to the DBA co-processor through a processing bus (122) and operative to configure and dynamically control all the DBA co-processor components and to run selections of algorithms that cannot be accelerated on the DBA co-processor. The DBA processor significantly accelerated the bandwidth allocation in a communications network such as an optical communications network or a fast wireless network. The DBA co-processor and the processing core may be integrated on a chip.

Method for low-power activation scheme of a pedestrian v2x device

Methods for lowering the power consumption of a battery-operated pedestrian V2X device, comprising: determining a location of the pedestrian relative to a road using a physical map, determining whether a movement of the pedestrian is consistent using a heatmap, and based on the location of the pedestrian relative to the road and on the consistency of the pedestrian movement, powering down a V2X functionality inside the pedestrian V2X device by setting a V2X receiver operation cycle, a V2X transmitter activation state and a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) sampling rate, thereby enabling low power operation of the pedestrian V2X device.

Adjacent channel interference mitigation during the acquisition phase in OFDM communications

Methods and apparatuses for adjacent channel interference mitigation during the acquisition phase in OFDM communications use a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) to detect the energy of a received channel without adding latency. In particular embodiments, the communications are vehicular OFDM communications and the DFT is a sliding DFT of variable length, In a typical acquisition procedure, RF gain is set based on received total energy, which includes energies of the received and adjacent channels. A modified state machine waits until the energy of a received channel is detected, then the RF gain is adjusted to fulfill an enhanced adjacent channel rejection criterion requirement.

Triple churning

A data encryption-decryption method includes the steps of receiving a data byte N and performing a triple-churning operation on byte N to obtain an encrypted byte N. Preferably, the triple-churning operation includes performing a first churning operation to obtain a first churned output, bit-wise XORing the first churned output with two values to obtain a first XOR result, performing a second churning operation on the first XOR result to obtain a second churned output, bit-wise XORing the second churned output with two values to obtain a second XOR result, and performing a third churning operation on the second XOR result to obtain encrypted byte N.

Method and apparatus for traffic-aware speed guidance based on v2x communications

Method and apparatus for traffic-aware speed guidance to a self-vehicle acting as a following vehicle vs. a followed vehicle. In a traffic environment that includes a followed vehicle and a self-vehicle that acts as a following vehicle, the apparatus is used to analyze values and change patterns of a plurality of speed inputs to obtain analyzed values, wherein a speed input of the followed vehicle is received through vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications; to calculate, for each analyzed value, a respective TTC adjustment, to calculate a combined TTC between the self-vehicle and the followed vehicle using the TTC adjustments, and, based on the combined TTC, to calculate a new speed guidance between the self-vehicle and the followed vehicle, thereby improving traffic behavior.

System and methods for mitigating out-of-band interference in c-v2x transmissions

System and methods for mitigating out-of-band (OOB) interference in C-V2X transmissions. The system may comprise a V2X modem for transmitting and receiving messages, an OOB energy detection unit for detecting OOB energy transmitted by a nearby WiFi transmitter inside the C-V2X band, a one-time allocation identification unit for tracking a resources map to identify a one-time allocation, and an enhanced resource reservation algorithm and modulation coding scheme (MCS) setting unit for configuring the V2X modem for transmission based on detected OOB energy and the resources map. The methods may set a MCS value while accounting for OOB interference detection and mitigation or may enhance resource reservation while accounting for OOB interference detection and mitigation.

System and method for v2x transmission congestion control based on safety relevance and movement similarity

In a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) environment and by a self-vehicle, methods and systems therefor, the methods comprising calculating a safety relevance value of a sensor detected road user or calculating a first movement similarity between the self-vehicle and a road user ahead or behind the self-vehicle and a second movement similarity between a sensor detected road user and a road user ahead or behind the sensor detected road user, and adjusting Dynamic Congestion Control (DCC) triggering condition parameters based on the calculated safety relevance value or based on the calculated first and/or second movement similarities.

Method for low-power activation scheme of a pedestrian V2X device

Methods for lowering the power consumption of a battery-operated pedestrian V2X device, comprising: determining a location of the pedestrian relative to a road using a physical map, determining whether a movement of the pedestrian is consistent using a heatmap, and based on the location of the pedestrian relative to the road and on the consistency of the pedestrian movement, powering down a V2X functionality inside the pedestrian V2X device by setting a V2X receiver operation cycle, a V2X transmitter activation state and a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) sampling rate, thereby enabling low power operation of the pedestrian V2X device.

Method and system for warning nearby road-users at risk using exterior vehicle lights

In a self-vehicle with V2X communication capability and with an enhanced ADAS, a method for warning nearby road-users at risk using exterior vehicle lights, the method comprising by the enhanced ADAS, analyzing the behavior of a non-V2X connected road-user ahead and/or a non-V2X connected road-user behind the self-vehicle using inputs from at least one sensor of the self-vehicle and from V2X communications received in the self-vehicle, determining from the analysis that the non-V2X connected road-user ahead and/or the non-V2X connected road-user behind poses a risk to another road-user, and warning the non-V2X connected road-user ahead and/or the non-V2X connected road-user behind that it poses the risk using a special lighting pattern displayed on an exterior part of the self-vehicle.

Method and system for supporting multi-channel dynamically controlled diversity reception

Systems for supporting multi-channel dynamically controlled diversity reception in wireless communications include a plurality M of receivers coupled to M antennas and configured handle N communication channels wherein N≦M≦(2*N−1) and N channel state machines configured to dynamically allocate multiple channels of the N channels to the M receivers to support dynamic switched diversity for multi-channel dynamically controlled reception. Each channel state machine is configured to control the operation of each receiver. Arbitration is performed between channel state machines when such channel state machines work concurrently. In some embodiments, a lock state machine inside each channel state machine accelerates the locking time of a receiver based on at least one parameter received from another receiver.