Lösbares Stufenverriegelungssystem

Ein Personenbeförderungssystem beinhaltet ein lösbares Stufenverriegelungssystem mit einer Klemmeinrichtung, einem Verriegelungselement und einem Betätigen. Die Klemmeinrichtung koppelt eine Stufe mit einem Voranbewegungsmechanismus, das Verriegelungselement gewährleistet die Kopplung zwischen der Stufe und dem Voranbewegungsmechanismus, und der Betätiger ändert den Zustand des Verriegelungselements, so dass der Voranbewegungsmechanismus entweder mit der Stufe zusammenwirken kann oder von dieser gelöst werden kann.

Magnetischer Direktzugriffspeicher mit hoher Selektivität

Anzeigefilter und damit ausgestattete Anzeigevorrichtung

CHINAZOLINE DERIVATIVES

CHEMICAL MEANS

ELECTRONIC SHELF LABEL

La présente invention concerne une étiquette électronique de gondole ayant un débit de réception de signal amélioré en mettant en œuvre une antenne recevant un signal sous une forme plane sur une surface d'un dispositif. L'étiquette électronique de gondole comprend : un boîtier (110) ; une unité réceptrice (130) disposée dans le boîtier (110) pour recevoir et traiter un signal sans-fil comprenant des informations de produit et comprenant une antenne planaire au moins partiellement incorporée dans le boîtier (110) pour recevoir le signal sans-fil ; et une unité d'affichage (120) disposée dans le boîtier (110) et au moins partiellement ouverte vers l'extérieur du boîtier (110) pour afficher les informations de produit.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR the MULTI-MEDIA ORDERING OF SYNCHRONIZATION Of OBJECTS IN an ENGINE MHEG

MAGNETIC CERAMIC COMPOSITION FOR the USE IN DEVICES HAS MICROWAVES, MAGNETIC CERAMICS FOR the USE IN DEVICES HAS MICROWAVES AND ITS METHOD OF PREPARATION

APPARATUSES TO FORM a FRAME OF BEAM UTILISEE FOR a BEAM OF TORSION FOR the SUSPENSION POSTPONES Of a CAR

MOBILE TERMINAL AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF

MOBILE TERMINAL AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF

Polarization current generating device, has adjustable temperature coefficient current generator for generating and delivering adjustable temperature coefficient current, where current temperature coefficient is modified by adjusting values

Il est proposé un dispositif de génération de courant de polarisation capable de fournir un courant de polarisation où un changement de caractéristique est compensé, à un circuit parmi un circuit analogique et un circuit RF où divers changements de caractéristique apparaissent en fonction d'une température, en générant des courants de polarisation ayant une pluralité de coefficients de température. Le dispositif comprenant : un générateur de courant à coefficient de température positif (11) générant un courant à coefficient de température positif directement proportionnel à une température absolue ; un générateur de courant à coefficient de température nul (12) générant un courant à coefficient de température nul indépendamment de la température absolue ; et un générateur de courant à coefficient de température ajustable (14) générant et délivrant en sortie un courant à coefficient de température ajustable en amplifiant le courant à coefficient de température positif de A fois, en amplifiant ...

CATALYST OF (CO) POLYMERIZATION Of OLEFIN AND PROCESS USING It

STENT COMPRISING MEANS ADAPTED TO PREVENT MIGRATION, AND APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

La présente invention concerne un stent comprenant des moyens propres à prévenir une migration, qui comprend : un corps cylindrique creux (110) fait d'un fil métallique; des premières parties de blocage (120, 121, 122, 123) faisant saillie vers l'extérieur du corps (110), et des deuxièmes parties de blocage (130, 131, 132) aménagées à distance des premières parties de blocage dans la direction longitudinale du corps (110) en une relation de symétrie avec les premières parties de blocage autour de la surface verticale par rapport à la direction longitudinale du corps (110).

METHOD FOR INTEGRATED MONITORING FOR A NUCLEAR DEVICE AND SYSTEM USING SAME

MATRIX AND MANDREL TRAVELLER STEP FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A DAMPER TUBE FOR A NUCLEAR FUEL ASSEMBLY, DAMPER TUBE, AND METHOD OF MAKING THE MATRIX MANDREL

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR VACUUM PROCESS OF ISOSTATICALLY COMPRESSING POWDERED MATERIAL.

VERTICAL VIBRATOR

CIRCUIT Of CANCELLATION OF SHIFT HAS D.C. CURRENT AND AMPLICATEUR HAS GAINPROGRAMMABLE USING THIS ONE

Dans un circuit d'annulation de décalage à courant continu, un amplificateur opérationnel est pourvu d'une borne inverseuse, d'une borne non inverseuse et d'une borne de sortie. Une première résistance est connectée à la borne non inverseuse. Une seconde résistance est connectée entre la borne inverseuse et la borne de sortie. Une résistance d'annulation de décalage à courant continu est connectée entre la borne inverseuse et la borne non inverseuse. De même, dans chacun des premier et second circuits d'annulation de décalage à courant continu de l'amplificateur à gain programmable, un amplificateur opérationnel est pourvu d'une borne inverseuse, d'une borne non inverseuse et d'une borne de sortie. Une première résistance est connectée à la borne non inverseuse. Une seconde résistance est connectée entre la borne inverseuse et la borne de sortie. Un circuit d'annulation de décalage à courant continu est connecté entre la borne inverseuse et la borne non inverseuse. Ici, les premier et second ...

WASHING MACHINE AND PROCEEDED OF OPERATION THIS ONE

Le procédé de fonctionnement d'une machine à laver est décrit, et comprend : une étape de lavage (S10) destinée à laver le linge ; une étape de rinçage (S20) destinée à rincer le linge en fournissant de l'eau après avoir effectué l'étape de lavage (S10) et qui comprend un processus d'élimination de l'eau restante (S44) ; et une étape d'essorage final (S30) destinée à essorer le linge après avoir effectué l'étape de rinçage (S20). La solution détergente ayant une certaine concentration restant à l'intérieur de la machine à laver peut être éliminée par le biais du processus d'élimination de l'eau restante (S44), empêchant ainsi la contamination de l'eau propre fournie due à la solution détergente, afin d'homogénéiser le processus de rinçage (S20) du linge. De plus, le problème des restes de détergent dans le linge après l'étape de rinçage (S20) peut être résolu.

SCROLL METHOD AND COMMUNICATION TERMINAL USING THE SAME

A SPACER GRID FOR A NUCLEAR FUEL ASSEMBLY FOR REDUCING FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION.

Decoration kit type door assembly for e.g. refrigerator, has handle integral part of one of left or right side metallic covers, where handle has curved plate extending in longitudinal direction of cover in order to define hollow of cover

L'invention concerne un ensemble porte (100) du type à kit de décoration destiné à un produit électronique. Dans l'ensemble porte (100) comprenant des plaques de porte (10) et des couvercles latéraux gauche et droit (20a et 20b) couplés aux deux côtés des plaques de porte (10), une poignée (22b) de porte d'ouverture/de fermeture fait partie intégrante de l'un des couvercles latéraux gauche et droit (20a et 20b), entraînant une réduction des coûts de fabrication. De même, lorsque la poignée (22b) de porte du couvercle latéral a la forme d'une partie en creux (23b') définie intégralement dans le couvercle latéral de manière à ne pas faire saillie vers l'extérieur du couvercle latéral, l'ensemble porte (100) résultant donne une apparence extérieure satisfaisant aux demandes d'esthétisme des consommateurs.

DISHWASHER

Lave-vais selle (100) comprenant une cuve (11) comportant des paniers supérieur (191) et inférieur (193), un bras inférieur (6) comprenant une chambre (69), une chambre de tuyau détachable (67) pour communiquer avec la chambre (69) par un trou (655), et un canal de bras (61) pour injecter l'eau dans le panier inférieur en communication avec la chambre (69), une pompe (18) pour alimenter l'eau dans la chambre (69), une buse (3) dans le panier inférieur pour injecter l'eau dans le panier supérieur, une partie de liaison (5) détachable de la chambre (67) pour être reliée à la buse si elle est détachée de la chambre (67), pour fournir l'eau à la buse, et une unité de changement de canal (9) dans la chambre (69) pour ouvrir en alternance les trous de communication de chambre et de canal de bras d'après la pression d'eau dans la chambre (69).

DISHWASHER

Lave-vaisselle (1) comprenant : une enceinte (10) formant une apparence extérieure de celui-ci, l'enceinte (10) comportant une porte (12) sur un côté de celle-ci qui peut être ouverte et fermée ; une cuve (20) prévue dans l'enceinte (10) pour former un espace de logement d'objets à nettoyer ; un panier (32, 34) prévu dans la cuve (20) pour maintenir des objets à nettoyer dans celle-ci ; un module de pulvérisation (100) pouvant tourner pour pulvériser de l'eau de nettoyage vers les objets à nettoyer ; et un passage d'écoulement d'alimentation (62, 64) pour fournir l'eau de nettoyage vers le module de pulvérisation (100), dans lequel le module de pulvérisation (100) est tourné par une force de réaction à une force de pulvérisation de l'eau de nettoyage.

DRYER.

Sèche-linge comprenant une base (300) configurée pour former un fond d'un corps principal, un conduit de décharge (190) installé dans le corps principal et guidant l'air chaud vers l'extérieur, un élément de fixation (191) disposé au niveau du conduit de décharge (190) et un support de conduit de décharge (100) pour fixer le conduit de décharge (190) à la base (300) en étant accouplé à l'élément de fixation (191). Le support de conduit de décharge (100) comprend une unité de guidage de conduit de décharge pour recevoir un profil de l'élément de fixation (191) disposé au niveau du conduit de décharge (190). Ainsi, il est possible d'améliorer une caractéristique d'assemblage du conduit de décharge (190) et de réduire un coût de fabrication.

A METHOD OF SCROLLING AND COMMUNICATION TERMINAL USING THE SAME

Un procédé de défilement, qui comprend l'affichage d'au moins une icône de défilement (300, 310) sur un écran d'un dispositif tactile (122), la détection d'une opération dans laquelle l'utilisateur touche et fait glisser l'une des icônes de défilement (300, 310) affichées, et le défilement de l'écran affiché sur le dispositif tactile (122) dans la direction dans laquelle l'utilisateur a fait glisser l'icône de défilement (300, 310) touchée quand l'étape de détection détecte que l'utilisateur a touché et fait glisser l'icône de défilement (300, 310).

CARRIAGE FOR EDGE CUTTER

OXIDATIVE DECONTAMINATION REAGENT FOR REMOVING RADIOACTIVE DENSE OXIDE LAYER ON A METAL SURFACE AND OXIDATIVE DECONTAMINATION METHOD USING THE SAME

La présente invention concerne un réactif de décontamination oxydative pour l'élimination de la couche d'oxyde radioactif dense sur la surface métallique, le réactif comprenant un agent d'oxydation, un ion métallique, et un acide inorganique. Le réactif de décontamination oxydative de la présente invention est caractéristiquement préparé par ajout d'un ion métallique au réactif de décontamination oxydative classique contenant un agent d'oxydation et un acide inorganique. Lorsque le réactif de décontamination oxydative de la présente invention est utilisé, le potentiel électrique des parties métalliques du système primaire de la centrale nucléaire peut être régulé comme un potentiel passif en raison de l'ion métallique ajouté pendant la décontamination oxydative de la partie métallique primaire de la centrale nucléaire. Il est par conséquent possible d'inhiber la corrosion locale tout en réduisant significativement les déchets secondaires par le maintien du potentiel électrique de la partie ...

SPACER GRID FOR NUCLEAR FUEL ASSEMBLY TO REDUCE FLOW INDUCED VIBRATIONS.

L'invention concerne une grille d'espacement pour un ensemble combustible nucléaire qui présente une structure améliorée pouvant mieux réduire les vibrations induites par l'écoulement. La grille d'espacement (100) comporte des alvéoles (110) pour soutenir des barres de combustible et est constituée à partir de bandes (101) de grille qui sont assemblées en forme de treillis pour constituer des cellules de treillis. Chaque bande de grille comporte au moins un trou (130) qui est pratiqué à part des alvéoles. Par conséquent, quand un réfrigérant est aspiré dans l'ensemble combustible, la différence de pression entre les côtés opposés des trous est réduite et le frottement produit entre les bords francs des trous et réfrigérant réduit l'ampleur de la vibration et provoque un effet d'amortissement, réduisant ainsi la vibration induite par l'écoulement. Les trous (130) pratiqués dans la bande de grille servent à élargir la plage des fréquences de la vibration induite par l'écoulement, provoquée ...

BINARY ALLOY CHROMIUM-ALUMINIUM HAVING EXCELLENT CORROSION RESISTANCE AND METHOD FOR ITS PRODUCTION

La présente divulgation concerne un alliage binaire chrome-aluminium ayant une excellente résistance à la corrosion et un procédé de sa production, et plus particulièrement un alliage binaire chrome-aluminium présentant une excellente résistance à la corrosion, comprenant : 1 à 40 % en poids d'aluminium (Al), le restant de chrome (Cr) et d'autres impuretés inévitables, par rapport au poids total de l'alliage. Elle concerne également un procédé de production d'un alliage binaire chrome-aluminium présentant une excellente résistance à la corrosion, ledit procédé comprenant : le mélange et la fusion d'une matière première comprenant 1 à 40 % en poids d'aluminium (Al), le restant de chrome (Cr), et d'autres impuretés inévitables, par rapport au poids total de l'alliage (étape 1) ; et le traitement en solution de l'alliage fondu au cours de l'étape 1 (étape 2). L'alliage binaire chrome-aluminium peut être facilement produit et possède une ductilité, ce qui lui permet d'être tout à fait applicable ...

Video signal e.g. phase alternation line television signal, processing device for e.g. visual display, has adaptive band-pass filter providing chrominance signal by convolution between horizontal/vertical coefficient mask and data window

Dans un appareil de traitement de signal vidéo numérique adaptatif, un filtre passe-bande bidirectionnel (2D) adaptatif (330) effectue une séparation Y/C par filtrage en peigne et filtrage passe-bande sélectionnés conformément à des caractéristiques locales d'une image (par exemple d'après la direction dans laquelle un bord dans l'image s'étend par rapport aux directions verticale et horizontale). Le filtre passe-bande 2D adaptatif (330) effectue un filtrage passe-bande 2D dans le cas général. Le filtre passe-bande 2D (330) effectue de façon adaptative une série de sélections des diverses opérations de filtrage d'une manière continue.

METHOD FOR IMPROVEMENT THE OKULÄRE, BLOOD AND BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF SYNTHETIC ONES POLYMERS

SINGLE GRAIN TRIPLE STEAM ENGINE.

THIAZOLIDINEDIONEDERIVATE.

CAP OF PILE

DEVICE TO CORRECT A SHIFT OF FREQUENCY IN A SYSTEM DERECEPTION OFDM

MOBILE TERMINAL AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF

MANUFACTORING PROCESS Of a CONDENSER Of a SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORY

PROCEEDED OF FORMATION Of a TRANSISTOR THIN FILM HAS

CIRCUITS AND PROCESSES OF ORDERING OF ENGINE HAS D.C. CURRENT, WITHOUT BRUSH, THREE-PHASE, USING ONLY ONE SIGNAL HALL

DEVICE ELECTROLUMINESCENT AND MANUFACTORING PROCESS OF THIS ONE

Dispositif électroluminescent comprenant un premier substrat (300) et un second substrat (350), chaque substrat étant subdivisé entre une région de contact (A) et une région de pixel (B). Selon l'invention, les éléments conducteurs positionnés dans chacune de la région de contact (A) et de la région de pixel (B) du premier substrat peuvent être sensiblement de la même hauteur, permettant de raccorder la couche de contact du premier substrat à une seconde ligne métallique du second substrat. Application à la fabrication d'un dispositif électroluminescent organique (OLED) dans lequel des transistors à couches minces (TFT) sont d'abord formés sur un substrat, puis des diodes électroluminescentes sont formées sur le transistor à couches minces.

ELECTRO-OPTICAL DEVICE OF MODULATION

L'invention concerne un dispositif de modulation électro-optique. Le dispositif de modulation électro-optique comprend un guide d'onde optique (WG) ayant une structure verticale dont les parois latérales sont utilisées pour configurer une jonction.

TRANSMITTER, RECEIVER AND THEIR PROCESS IN A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH THE HUMAN BODY.

Récepteur dans un système de communication avec le corps humain, comprenant des électrodes réceptrices (1 à n) comprenant une trame de transmission comprenant des trames de commande (300) et des trames de données (400), des premier et deuxième commutateurs connectés aux électrodes réceptrices (1 à n), une unité de commande de commutation (250) des premier et deuxième commutateurs (211, 212) pour connecter les électrodes réceptrices (1 à n) aux premier et deuxième commutateurs en réponse à chaque trame de commande (300), une unité de traitement de signal (214) en sortie des premier et deuxième commutateurs, une unité de détection de préambule (230) pour générer des valeurs de corrélation de préambule pour le premier préambule, et une unité de traitement de valeur de corrélation (240) commandant l'unité de commande de commutation (250) pour sélectionner des paires d'électrodes réceptrices (1 à n) finales sur la base des valeurs de corrélation de préambule.

DEVICE ULTRASOUND SENSOR WAVEGUIDE

LEADFRAME ASSEMBLY NUCLEAR FUEL MIXING VANE CONFIGURATION HAS HYDRAULIC BALANCING

METHOD OF OXIDE DISPERSION STRENGTHENED METAL MATERIAL USING A LASER

AMPLIFIER OF POWER USING A FORWARDING AGENT OF POWER.

La présente invention concerne un amplificateur de puissance (600) utilisant un groupeur de puissance (500), qui est capable de minimiser la perte de puissance et d'améliorer le rendement de l'amplificateur de puissance (600) avec une puissance de sortie importante, en groupant des puissances générées par une pluralité d'amplificateurs de puissance utilisés dans un système de communication sans fil utilisant un transformateur de ligne de transmission (607).

APPARATUS AND PROCESS OF WELDING Of a GRID Of SPACING

La présente invention concerne un appareil et un procédé permettant de capturer une image d'un point de soudure au cours d'une tâche de soudage et de déterminer une position précise du point de soudure en fonction de l'image capturée afin d'exécuter une tâche de soudage précise. Un séparateur de faisceau sépare un chemin de lumière réfléchie par une section de soudage d'une grille d'espacement à partir d'un chemin d'un faisceau laser généré par un générateur de laser. Un capteur d'image reçoit la lumière réfléchie par un point de soudure de la grille d'espacement, et détecte et stocke une image de la grille d'espacement. Le moyen de commande de soudage commande le capteur d'image pour capturer l'image de la grille d'espacement, reçoit l'image de la grille d'espacement du capteur d'image, calcule une position précise du point de soudure en fonction de l'image reçue, corrige les informations de position du point de soudure en fonction de la position calculée et commande un servomoteur de ...

APPARATUS OF AUXILIARY CONDENSATION PASSIVE OF NUCLEAR PLANT

Un appareil de condensation auxiliaire passif d'une centrale nucléaire comprend une unité de génération de vapeur (110) configurée pour chauffer de l'eau (3) qui y est délivrée en une vapeur (5) par une chaleur produite lors du fonctionnement d'un réacteur nucléaire, une unité d'échange de chaleur refroidie par eau (120) reliée à l'unité de génération de vapeur (110) et configurée pour stocker une eau de refroidissement (1) afin de condenser la vapeur (5) délivrée par l'unité de génération de vapeur (110), et un réservoir de séparation vapeur-eau (140) comprenant un côté relié à l'unité d'échange de chaleur refroidie par eau (120) et l'autre côté relié à l'unité de génération de vapeur (110), un mélange d'eau (3) et de vapeur (5) délivré par l'unité d'échange de chaleur refroidie par eau (120) étant séparé en eau (3) et en vapeur (5) afin de délivrer seulement l'eau (3) à l'unité de génération de vapeur (110) .

SOLUBLE COATING COMPOSITION FOR PROTECTING THE SURFACE OF NUCLEAR FUEL RODS

L'invention concerne une composition de revêtement hydrosoluble, qui est appliquée sur la surface de crayons de combustible pour empêcher les rayures de la surface des crayons de combustible lors de la fabrication d'un assemblage de combustible nucléaire pour réacteurs à eau légère. Cette composition de revêtement hydrosoluble facilite la formation et le retrait d'un film de revêtement et le film de revêtement résultant peut présenter une résistance et une durabilité équivalentes à celles d'un film de revêtement de laque (nitrocellulose) existant, et peut donc être utilisé comme alternative à la laque, ce qui permet ainsi de retirer facilement le film de revêtement et d'améliorer la sécurité sur le lieu de travail, pour obtenir au bout du compte des améliorations dans l'environnement de travail et une sécurité élevée sur le lieu de travail.

CONDENSING APPARATUS AUXILIARY PASSIVE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

SYSTEM OF FOLLOW-UP IN Real-time Of a FUEL SWIMMING POOL EXHAUSTS AND PROCEEDED FOR THIS ONE

La présente invention se rapporte à un système de surveillance en temps réel d'une piscine de combustible épuisé, le système comportant : une unité de détection (100) configurée pour détecter de l'information de condition ; une unité de stockage d'entrée (200) configurée pour recevoir et stocker l'information de configuration d'un combustible usagé ; une unité d'opération et de détermination (300) configurée pour calculer l'information de condition courante du combustible usagé en utilisant l'information de condition détectée par l'unité de détection (100) et l'information de configuration et l'information d'historique stockées dans l'unité de stockage d'entrée (200) et configurée pour déterminer un niveau de risque en comparant l'information de condition courante à la valeur limite correspondant au niveau de risque ; et une unité d'affichage (400) .

UNIT OF RETROECLAIRAGE AND DISPLAY DEVICE HAS Liquid crystals USING It.

Une unité de rétroéclairage pour un dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides (LCD) comporte une portion de réseau de dispositifs électroluminescents (DEL) ayant une pluralité de DEL (121) et une feuille formant déviateur (125) disposée sur la portion de réseau de DEL et ayant une surface de réflexion continue en relation d'espacement avec la portion de réseau de DEL. Application à un dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides, l'unité de rétroéclairage étant capable d'augmenter l'efficacité optique en omettant une plaque guide de lumière.

Trainingsassistenzsystem und Verfahren zum Einstellen der Trainingsbelastung in Verbindung mit Musik

VERFAHREN UND APPARAT ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON METALL- BZW. NICHTMETALLPHTHALOCYANIN

Magnetoresistive Strukturen

AMINOHETEROCYCLI DERIVATIVES AS ANTITHROMBOTI OR ANTI-COAGULATING MEANS

CEPHALOSPORINDERIVATE, PROCEDURE FOR YOUR PRODUCTION, PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS AND INTERMEDIATE CONNECTIONS.

IMPROVEMENTS ON MAN-HOLES

RIESELFILTERVORRICHTUNG

TEST PROCEDURE

CEPHALOSPORINE AND YOUR HOMOLOGOUS ONES, PROCEDURES FOR YOUR PRODUCTION AND PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS

THE PRODUCTION OF ARYLPHOSPHINEN

COMPOSITE MATERIAL OF TYPE CARBONE-CARBONE FOR PRODUCTS OF FRICTION AND SONPROCEDE OF MANUFACTURE

PROCESS OF DETECTION OF THE IMPURITIES IN AN ENERGY ALIPHATIC PLASTICIZER CONTAINING GROUPS NITRAMINE AND NITRATE

ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE WITH HIGH SECURITY SURGES AND HIGH TEMPERATURE AND CENTRAL ROD THEREFOR.

LIQUID CRYSTAL PANEL CAPABLE OF CONTROLLING A VIEWING ANGLE AND LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY HAVING THE SAME

SYSTEMS, METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR GENERATORS Of NUMERICAL ONDELETTES FOR SPECTRAL DETECTION MULTIRESOLUTION IN the APPLICATIONS OF the COGNITIVE RADIO

PROCEEDED OF PILOTING Of a DISPLAY DEVICE HAS LIQUID CRYSTALS OF SIMPLE TYPE AMATRICE

Chain saw, has cover plate mounted at housing, saw chain arranged on chain wheel and guiding plate, and plate-shaped protector comprising front end and rear end, where rear end of plate-shaped protector is mounted at housing

L'objet de l'invention est une scie à chaîne comprenant un carter, un moteur monté dans le carter, un pignon à chaîne entraîné par le moteur, une plaque de guidage (5) avec une extrémité avant et une extrémité arrière, une protection d'extrémité (21a, 21b) disposée au niveau de l'extrémité avant de la plaque de guidage (5), une plaque de garde pour une chaîne de sciage adaptée pour fixer l'extrémité arrière de la plaque de garde et être montée sur le carter, une chaîne de sciage disposée sur le pignon à chaîne et la plaque de guidage (5), et un élément de protection pour la main (4), caractérisée en ce que la scie à chaîne comprend en outre une protection en forme de plaque (22a, 22b) ayant une extrémité avant et une extrémité arrière, l'extrémité arrière de la protection en forme de plaque étant fixée sur le carter. Grâce à cet agencement, la sécurité est améliorée.

DEVICE Of MAINTENANCE OF LAWN

L'invention concerne un dispositif, tel une tondeuse, destiné à l'entretien d'une pelouse, qui comprend un plancher support qui supporte un dispositif de coupe de l'herbe et possédant un canal de guidage (36) de l'herbe ; et un bac à herbe avec une entrée d'herbe (64) ; dans lequel le canal de guidage (36) de l'herbe a une sortie d'herbe adaptée pour communiquer avec l'entrée d'herbe et où un côté inférieur de l'entrée d'herbe (64) est formé avec un espace.

SOLID CATALYST FOR PROPYLENE POLYMERIZATION AND METHOD OF PREPARING POLY (PROPYLENE OXIDE).

SOLID CATALYST FOR PROPYLENE POLYMERIZATION AND THE METHOD OF PREPARATION OF POLY (PROPYLENE) USING THE SAME

VIBRATOR LINEAR SMT

MULTIFIBRE OPTICAL CONNECTOR

FUEL ROD IN A NUCLEAR FUEL ASSEMBLY HAVING A COMPRESSION SPRING-LIKE A VASE DESIGNED TO INCREASE THE INTERNAL VOLUME THEREOF

ATTENUATOR BY LEVEL.

DEVICE OF DATA PROCESSING HAS ONLY ONE MEMORY CHIP RESIDUAL INTEGREE, AND PROCEEDED OF FORMATION

CAMERA MODULE AND MONITORING SYSTEM THEREFOR

Il est prévu un module de caméra (10) pour un véhicule et un système de surveillance doté de celui-ci capable d'identifier de manière pratique des circonstances autour d'un véhicule en photographiant la circonférence du véhicule dans diverses directions. Selon un mode de réalisation exemplaire de la présente invention, le module de caméra (10) comprend une pluralité de lentilles (20, 22) montées dans différentes directions pour former chaque image, une unité de capteur d'image montée pour pouvoir être déplacée à des positions correspondantes de chaque image formée par la pluralité de lentilles (20, 22), une partie de guidage déplaçant sélectivement l'unité de capteur d'image, et un processeur d'image traitant un signal d'image délivré par l'unité de capteur d'image.

MOBILE TERMINAL AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF

La présente invention concerne un terminal mobile comprenant une caméra (121) ; un écran tactile (151) conçu pour éditer une photo reçue par le biais de la caméra (121), ladite photo comportant au moins une première partie formant texte d'image dotée d'un premier attribut et une seconde partie formant texte d'image dotée d'un second attribut différent du premier attribut ; et un dispositif de commande (180) conçu pour afficher des premier et second objets graphiques (320a, 320b) indiquant que les première et seconde parties formant texte d'image peuvent être sélectionnées, exécuter une première fonction prédéterminée correspondant au premier attribut de la première partie formant texte d'image lorsqu'on sélectionne le premier objet graphique ou la première partie formant texte d'image, et exécuter une seconde fonction prédéterminée correspondant au second attribut de la seconde partie formant texte d'image lorsqu'on sélectionne le second objet graphique ou la seconde partie formant texte ...

LAUNDRY TREATMENT DEVICE INDICATING A FUEL EFFICIENCY AND METHOD FOR INDICATING A POWER EFFICIENCY THEREOF

Appareil de traitement de linge indiquant un rendement énergétique comprenant : un tambour (110) recevant une cible de séchage ; une pompe à chaleur comprenant un moyen de chauffage qui circule, un compresseur (150) compressant le moyen de chauffage, un condensateur (130) chauffant l'air transmis au tambour, un appareil de détente (160) pour détendre le moyen de chauffage, et un évaporateur (135) refroidissant l'air transmis depuis le tambour ; une unité de chauffage (170) réchauffant l'air chauffé par la pompe ; une unité de détection détectant une valeur d'un paramètre physique du moyen de chauffage ; une unité de commande calculant un rendement énergétique d'après la valeur d'un paramètre physique du moyen de chauffage ; et une unité d'affichage affichant une information sur l'énergie comprenant le rendement énergétique. Un utilisateur peut contrôler le rendement énergétique en temps réel.

DEVICE Of ENTRY OF CHARACTERS USING a UNIT OF BIO-RADAR AND a SENSOR Of SLOPE

MOBILE TERMINAL AND CONTROL METHOD OF THE MOBILE TERMINAL

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CORE USING INORGANIC BINDER AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CASTING PRODUCT

La présente divulgation concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un noyau utilisant un liant inorganique, un noyau ainsi fabriqué, un procédé de fabrication d'un produit de coulée avec un noyau utilisant un liant inorganique, un produit de coulée ainsi fabriqué, et un système de fabrication d'un noyau utilisant un liant inorganique.

PROGRAMMABLE APPARATUS TO DYNAMICALLY CONTROL THE VOLTAGE

La présente invention concerne un appareil programmable de commande dynamique de la tension, et plus particulièrement un appareil programmable de commande dynamique de la tension en mesure de commander dynamiquement la conversion de tension d'une unité de sortie en utilisant des données réglées dans des mémoires programmables, quand divers éléments d'informations détectés par une variété de capteurs montés dans un véhicule sont convertis en signaux électriques puis transmis.

Fabric e.g. clothes, treating e.g. drying, apparatus, has condensed water treating element treating condensed water that is formed under effect of condensation of vaporized humidity in storing space or air supplied by air supplying device

Est divulgué un appareil de traitement des tissus qui fournit de l'air chaud à un espace de logement (110) recevant des vêtements afin de sécher ces derniers. Cet appareil comprend une armoire (100) comprenant un espace de logement (110) pour recevoir des vêtements et une chambre de composants électriques (120) où sont installés un dispositif pourvoyeur d'humidité (140) pour vaporiser de la vapeur d'eau dans l'espace de logement (110) et un dispositif d'alimentation en air (130) pour fournir de l'air chaud ; et un élément de traitement de l'eau condensée pour traiter l'eau condensée formée par la condensation de la vapeur d'eau vaporisée dans l'espace de logement (110) ou de l'air chaud fourni par le dispositif d'alimentation en air (130). Par conséquent, cet appareil traite l'eau condensée formée dans l'espace (110) et empêche ainsi la formation de substances nocives pour l'organisme humain, comme la moisissure, dans cet espace (110).

Cloth treating e.g. refreshing, apparatus, has noise preventing device installed at level of inlet opening for avoiding noise generated inside equipment chamber and outside equipment chamber

Un appareil de traitement de vêtements (100) traitant des vêtements dans un état approprié pour être portés est décrit et comprend une armoire (101), un espace de réception (110) défini dans l'armoire pour recevoir des vêtements, des dispositifs de distribution d'air et d'humidité (130, 140) pour distribuer de l'air sec et de l'humidité dans l'espace de réception (110), respectivement, une chambre d'équipement (120) définie dans l'armoire (101) pour recevoir les dispositifs de distribution d'air chaud et de vapeur, la chambre d'équipement (120) comprenant un orifice d'admission (121) pour laisser l'air extérieur s'introduire dans la chambre d'équipement (120) à travers celui-ci pour refroidir les dispositifs de distribution d'air chaud et de vapeur, et un dispositif de prévention du bruit installé au niveau de l'orifice d'admission (121) pour empêcher le bruit généré dans la chambre d'équipement (120) d'être émis en dehors de la chambre d'équipement (120) à travers l'orifice d'admission ...

SPRING UNIT FOR HOLDING A TOP NOZZLE OF A NUCLEAR FUEL ASSEMBLY HAVING AN IMPROVED HOLDING PERFORMANCE AND TOP NOZZLE FOR A NUCLEAR FUEL ASSEMBLY INCORPORATING SAME

On décrit ici une unité de ressort de maintien pour une buse supérieure d'un ensemble de combustible nucléaire. L'unité de ressort de maintien est couplée à l'extrémité supérieure de la buse supérieure de l'ensemble de combustible nucléaire. L'unité de ressort de maintien comprend un premier ressort qui agit contre une force de maintien par rapport à l'ensemble de combustible nucléaire dans des conditions de démarrage ou des conditions de pleine puissance à chaud d'un réacteur nucléaire, et un deuxième ressort qui agit contre une force de maintien par rapport à l'ensemble de combustible nucléaire dans des conditions de démarrage du réacteur nucléaire. La présente invention réduit la marge de maintien dans des conditions de démarrage ou des conditions de pleine puissance à chaud, améliorant ainsi la stabilité mécanique et structurelle de l'ensemble de combustible nucléaire.

Detection of impurities in an energetic aliphatic plasticizer containing nitramine and nitrate group, comprises synthesis of plasticizer, and titration with a titration solvent having methanol, imidazole, sulfur dioxide and diethanolamine

Il est décrit un procédé de détection des impuretés dans un plastifiant aliphatique énergétique qui contient un groupe nitramine et un groupe nitrate, qui permet de réduire la durée et le coût de l'analyse destinée à détecter les impuretés en utilisant un solvant de titrage ayant une composition spécifique.

Washing machine running method, involves washing, after supplying circulating water continuously, and draining, interim dehydrating and dehydrating to supply water for rinsing washings, and circulating water

Un procédé de fonctionnement d'un lave-linge est décrit. Le procédé comprend une étape de rinçage pour rincer le linge par l'alimentation d'eau après l'étape de rinçage, l'alimentation de l'eau de circulation étant arrêtée ou exécutée pour seulement un certain temps. Par conséquent, l'eau de circulation n'est pas alimentée en continu pendant l'étape de rinçage, ce qui permet d'empêcher la génération de bulles en alimentant en continu l'eau de circulation. Par conséquent, il est possible d'empêcher les dépôts de détergent de rester sur le linge même après l'étape de rinçage. Il est également possible d'empêcher une charge importante d'être appliquée aux moteurs de lavage (7, 8) à cause des bulles, pouvant ainsi améliorer le rendement des moteurs de lavage (7, 8) et empêcher un incendie à cause de l'augmentation de la température.

DISHWASHER

Lave-vaisselle (100) comprenant : une cuve formant un espace pour laver des plats ; une base (200) montée dans une partie inférieure de la cuve ; une entretoise de base (230) montée sur un côté avant de la base (200) ; et un élément de réduction de bruit (250) monté entre la base (200) et l'entretoise de base (230), dans lequel l'élément de réduction de bruit (250) empêche le bruit généré par un fonctionnement de composants installés sur la base (200) de pénétrer entre la base (200) et une surface (S) sur laquelle est installée la base (200), et dans lequel l'élément de réduction de bruit (250) comprend une unité fixe (251) couplée entre la base (200) et l'entretoise de base (230), et une unité d'insonorisation (252) étendue à partir de l'unité (251) et entrant en contact avec une surface (S) sur laquelle est installée la base (200).

Liquid crystal panel for e.g. portable phone, has interference sub-pixels disposed on same plane and layer as color sub pixels, where interference pixels limit light penetrating into panel and traveling in side directions

Le panneau à cristaux liquides comporte une pluralité de pixels de différentes couleurs et une pluralité de sous-pixel d'interférence (ESP11∼ESPmn). Chacun des pixels de différentes couleurs comporte des sous-pixel rouges (R), verts (G) et bleus (B) (RSP11∼RSPmn, GSP11∼GSPmn, BSP11∼BSPmn). Les sous-pixels d'interférence (ES 11∼GSPmn) sont inclus dans chacun des pixels de différentes couleurs et disposés sur le même plan que ces derniers afin de commander la lumière qui pénètre le panneau et se propage dans des directions latérales du panneau, à l'exception de la direction avant de ce dernier. L'angle de vue peut être commandé grâce aux sous-pixel (ESP11∼GSPmn) d'interférence. Application à des terminaux de données fournissant un mode d'angle de vue étroit ainsi qu'un mode d'angle de vue large tels que des téléphones portables, des assistants numériques personnels (PDA) et des ordinateurs.

MACHINE HAS LINEN HAVING a VAPOR FEEDING ATTACHMENT

Liquid crystal display device for use in automatic teller machine, has substrate facing another substrate, and electric field distorting pattern provided on sub-pixel e.g. viewing angle restricting sub-pixel, on latter substrate

Un dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides comporte un premier (310) et un second substrat (320) ; une couche de cristaux liquides; des premier, deuxième, troisième et quatrième sous-pixels (SP1, SP2, SP3, VSP) ; un premier motif de déformation du champ électrique (315) sur les premier, deuxième et troisième sous-pixels sur le premier substrat ; un deuxième motif de déformation du champ électrique (325) sur les premier, deuxième et troisième sous-pixels sur le second substrat ; un troisième motif de déformation du champ électrique (335) sur le quatrième sous-pixel (VSP) sur le premier substrat ; et un quatrième motif de déformation du champ électrique (345) sur le quatrième sous-pixel (VSP) sur le second substrat (320). Les premier et deuxième motifs de déformation du champ électrique (315, 325) sont parallèles entre eux et les troisième et quatrième motifs de déformation (335, 345) sont parallèles entre eux selon un angle qui est différent de celui des premier et deuxième motifs de ...

Towel washing method for use in washing machine, involves providing washing period for washing towel, rinsing period for providing water to rinse towel after washing, and dehydration period for dehydrating towel after rinsing

Procédé de fonctionnement pour traitement de lavage de serviette dans une machine à laver, dans lequel la serviette est déshydratée à la vitesse de rotation de 900 tr/min et 1100 tr/min, supérieure à la vitesse dans le procédé de déshydratation principale (S43) pour le linge général, un niveau d'eau de 22 kHz ou 23 kHz, supérieur à un niveau d'eau (23,2 kHz) pour le linge général, est distribué à la serviette, la serviette possède un temps de rinçage de 8 ou 12 minutes, qui est supérieur à celui de 4 minutes pour le linge général, et une température de rinçage pour la serviette se situe entre 50°C ∼ 60°C, supérieure à celle de 40°C utilisée pour rincer le linge général. Le procédé de rinçage (S20) possédant le procédé d'élimination d'eau restante (S44) est réalisé entre la déshydratation principale (S43) et la distribution d'eau (S45), éliminant ainsi une solution de détergent avec une certaine concentration.

USE OF ARACHIDONSÄURE AND/OR DOCOHEXAENSÄURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A DRUG FOR THE TREATMENT OF DYSPRAXIA

ANALGETI MEANS AND ITS USE

LAUNCHING APPARATUS AND MISSILE GUIDANCE

SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES OF DETERMINATION OF THRESHOLDS OF DETECTION Of a TECHNIQUE OF DETECTION OF SPECTRUM MULTI-RESOLUTION (MRSS) FOR the SYSTEMS OF COGNITIVE RADIOS (CR)

Fluid dynamic bearing assembly and motor having the same

There are provided a fluid dynamic bearing assembly and a motor having the same. The fluid dynamic bearing assembling according to the present invention may include: a sleeve formed to have a hollow into which a shaft is inserted; a sleeve housing formed to insert the sleeve therein; a bypass passage formed to axially communicate the upper portion and the lower portion of the sleeve between the sleeve and the sleeve housing dispersing pressure of a lubricating fluid in the hollow; and an oil sealing cap having an oil passage communicated with the bypass passage and taper-sealing the lubricating fluid within the oil passage. 1. A fluid dynamic bearing assembly , comprising:a sleeve formed to have a hollow into which a shaft is inserted;a sleeve housing formed to insert the sleeve therein;a bypass passage formed to axially communicate the upper portion and the lower portion of the sleeve between the sleeve and the sleeve housing and dispersing pressure of a lubricating fluid in the hollow; andan oil sealing cap having an oil passage communicated with the bypass passage and taper-sealing the lubricating fluid within the oil passage.2. The fluid dynamic bearing assembly of claim 1 , wherein the oil sealing cap is integrally formed with the sleeve housing.3. The fluid dynamic bearing assembly of claim 1 , wherein the sleeve housing is formed by performing press machining on a transparent plastic.4. The fluid dynamic bearing assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a thrust plate formed to have a hole corresponding to a shape of the outer peripheral surface of the shaft and axially disposed under the sleeve.5. The fluid dynamic bearing assembly of claim 4 , wherein a thrust bearing is formed in a clearance between the upper surface of the thrust plate and the lower surface of the sleeve claim 4 , a clearance between the outer peripheral surface of the thrust plate and the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve housing claim 4 , and a clearance between the lower surface of ...

MULTI-CHIP PACKAGES

A multi-chip package may include a package substrate, a plurality of semiconductor chips and conductive connecting members. The semiconductor chips may be sequentially stacked on the package substrate. Each of the semiconductor chips may include a signal pad and a test pad. The conductive wires may be electrically connected between the signal pad of an upper semiconductor chip among the semiconductor chips and the package substrate via the test pad of a lower semiconductor chip under the upper semiconductor chip. The test pad may be converted into the dummy pad by cutting a fuse. 1. A multi-chip package , comprising:a substrate;a plurality of semiconductor chips stacked on a first surface of the substrate, each of the semiconductor chips including a signal pad and a test pad; anda conductive connecting member electrically connected to the signal pad of a first semiconductor chip of the plurality of semiconductor chips, the substrate, and the test pad of a second semiconductor chip of the plurality of semiconductor chips, the second semiconductor chip between the first semiconductor chip and the substrate.2. The multi-chip package of claim 1 , wherein the test pad of the second semiconductor chip is electrically isolated from a circuit of the second semiconductor chip.3. The multi-chip package of claim 1 , wherein the test pad of the second semiconductor chip is selectively connected to a circuit of the second semiconductor chip through a fuse.4. The multi-chip package of claim 3 , wherein the fuse includes an e-fuse.5. The multi-chip package of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor chips are stacked in a stepped structure to expose an edge surface of each of the semiconductor chips.6. The multi-chip package of claim 5 , wherein the signal pads and the test pads of the semiconductor chips are arranged on the exposed edge surfaces of the semiconductor chips.7. The multi-chip package of claim 1 , wherein the conductive connecting member includes a plurality of conductive ...

BACKLIGHT ASSEMBLY AND DISPLAY APPARATUS HAVING THE SAME

In a backlight assembly and a display apparatus having the backlight assembly, the backlight assembly includes a back cover configured to accommodate and retain a light source mounted on a circuit substrate into a receiving cavity of the back cover. Heat generated by the light source may be effectively transmitted to the back cover, thereby preventing temperature in the backlight assembly from increasing. 1. A backlight assembly comprising:a light source emitting a light;a light guide plate including a plurality of side surfaces, the light guide plate receiving the light through at least one side surface of the side surfaces and outputting the light through an upper surface thereof;a circuit substrate on which the light source is mounted; anda back cover including a bottom portion to support the circuit substrate, a cover portion to cover an upper portion of the light source and accommodate an end of the light guide plate between the bottom portion and the cover portion, and a connector portion to connect the bottom portion and the cover portion, wherein at least a portion of the back cover presses at least one of the light source or the circuit substrate.2. The backlight assembly of claim 1 , wherein the circuit substrate comprises a first upper end surface extended to the light guide plate with reference to the light source and a second upper end surface extended to an opposite direction to the first upper end surface with reference to the light source.3. The backlight assembly of claim 2 , wherein the connector portion comprises an inclined portion inclined to the second upper end surface of the circuit substrate to press the circuit substrate.4. The backlight assembly of claim 2 , wherein the connector portion comprises a flat portion that is bent to the circuit substrate and extended parallel to the second upper end surface of the circuit substrate to make contact with the second upper end surface of the circuit substrate.5. The backlight assembly of claim 2 , ...

Motor and recording disk drive device having the same

There is provided a motor including: a rotating member coupled to a shaft and rotating in connection with the shaft; a stationary member having the shaft inserted therein and supporting the shaft; a wall part protruding from a surface of the rotating member and allowing oil to be sealed between the rotating member and the stationary member; and a pumping groove formed in at least one of the wall part and an outer surface of the stationary member corresponding to the wall part and pumping the oil between the shaft and the stationary member. 1. A motor comprising:a rotating member coupled to a shaft and rotating in connection with the shaft;a stationary member having the shaft inserted therein and supporting the shaft;a wall part protruding from a surface of the rotating member and allowing oil to be sealed between the rotating member and the stationary member; anda pumping groove formed in at least one of the wall part and an outer surface of the stationary member corresponding to the wall part and pumping the oil between the shaft and the stationary member.2. The motor of claim 1 , wherein the pumping groove has at least one of a spiral shape claim 1 , a herringbone shape claim 1 , and a helical shape.3. The motor of claim 1 , wherein the wall part is formed along the outer surface of the stationary member such that an oil interface is formed between the wall part and an upper portion of an outer surface of the stationary member.4. The motor of claim 1 , wherein the outer surface of the stationary member corresponding to the wall part is tapered such that a diameter of the stationary member is reduced downwardly in an axial direction.5. The motor of claim 1 , wherein the outer surface of the stationary member corresponding to the wall part has at least one stepped part such that a diameter of the stationary member is reduced downwardly in an axial direction.6. The motor of claim 1 , further comprising a thrust plate coupled to a lower portion of the shaft and ...

Light-Source Unit, Back-Light Unit Having the Same, And Display Device Having the Same

A light-source unit for providing light to a display panel includes at least one light-source. The at least one light-source is mounted in a circuit board. A body portion having a housing space houses the circuit board on which the at least one light-source is mounted. A reflection portion reflects light emitted from the at least one light-source. The reflection portion has a parabola shape. The light is reflected by the reflection portion to proceed straight and in a direction perpendicular to a direction that the light is emitted from the at least one light-source. 1. A light-source unit for providing light to a display panel , comprising:at least one light-source;a circuit board on which the at least one light-source is mounted; anda body portion having a housing space housing the circuit board on which the at least one light-source is mounted, and a reflection portion reflecting light emitted from the at least one light-source,wherein the reflection portion has a portion having parabola shape; andwherein the light is reflected by the reflection portion to proceed straight.2. The light-source unit of claim 1 , wherein the parabola shape of the reflection portion is represented as: (y−β)=4p(x−α) claim 1 , where an x-axis direction is a direction of a center axis of the light-source claim 1 , a y-axis direction is a direction perpendicular to the direction of the center axis claim 1 , the β is a distance between a center point and a focal point of a parabola claim 1 , the α is an x-coordinate of the focal point of the parabola claim 1 , and the p is a curvature of the parabola.3. The light-source unit of claim 2 , wherein an angle between the center axis and an imaginary line extending from an end of the reflection portion outputting the light to the center of the light-source is equal to or less than a half-power angle of the light-source.4. The light-source unit of claim 2 , wherein the light-source is disposed between the center point and the focal point of the ...

ADAPTER HAVING HIGH SPEED STORAGE DEVICE

An adapter, providing a selective connection between a host and mass storage device, includes a high-speed storage device, a host interface and a device interface. The high-speed storage device is provided on a front surface of a printed circuit board (PCB), and includes multiple nonvolatile memory devices and a controller configured to control operations of the nonvolatile memory devices. The host interface is on a back surface of the PCB, and is configured to interface between the high-speed storage device and the host. The device interface is on the back surface of the PCB, and is configured to interface between the high-speed storage device and the mass storage device. 1. An adapter providing a selective connection between a host and a mass storage device , the adapter comprising:a high-speed storage device on a front surface of a printed circuit board (PCB), the high-speed storage device comprising a plurality of nonvolatile memory devices and a controller configured to control operations of the nonvolatile memory devices;a host interface on a back surface of the PCB, configured to interface between the high-speed storage device and the host; anda device interface on the back surface of the PCB, configured to interface between the high-speed storage device and the mass storage device.2. The adapter of claim 1 , wherein the nonvolatile memory devices comprise NAND FLASH memory devices.3. The adapter of claim 1 , wherein the nonvolatile memory devices comprise a cache region configured to store data frequently read by the host and a main region configured to store data provided from the host.4. The adapter of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to connect the host with the nonvolatile memory devices via the host interface.5. The adapter of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to connect the mass storage device with the nonvolatile memory devices via the device interface.6. The adapter of claim 1 , wherein the host and device interfaces are ...

DISPLAY MODULE AND APPARATUS HAVING THE SAME

A display module includes a display panel including a display area and a non-display area, an upper prism layer including a plurality of parallel upper prisms at a lower surface thereof, wherein the plurality of the upper prisms are parallel to one another, a lower prism layer including a plurality of lower prisms at a lower surface thereof, wherein the plurality of the lower prisms are parallel to one another and extend in a substantially perpendicular direction to the upper prisms, and an adhesive part which is at a side of the upper prism layer and is adhered to the lower prism layer and the non-display area of the display panel, wherein the adhesive part fixes the upper prism layer and the lower prism layer to each other. 1. A display module comprising:a display panel including a display area and a non-display area;an upper prism layer including a plurality of upper prisms at a lower surface thereof, wherein the plurality of the upper prisms are parallel to one another;a lower prism layer including a plurality of lower prisms at a lower surface thereof, wherein the plurality of the lower prisms are parallel to one another and extend in a substantially perpendicular direction to the upper prisms; andan adhesive part which is at a side of the upper prism layer and is adhered to the lower prism layer and the non-display area of the display panel, wherein the adhesive part fixes the upper prism layer and the lower prism layer to each other.2. The display module of claim 1 ,wherein the lower prisms of the lower prism layer extend toward a light source.3. The display module of claim 2 ,wherein the lower prism layer further comprises an adhesive area to which the adhesive part is adhered to, andthe adhesive area corresponds to the non-display area of the display panel and is in proximity of the lower prisms.4. The display module of claim 3 ,wherein the lower prism layer comprises an elastic base film.5. The display module of claim 3 ,wherein the adhesive part is ...

DISPLAY DEVICE COMPRISING THE SAME

Disclosed is a display device that can uniformly transmit light emitted from a light source to the entire display panel without using a light guide plate. The display device includes a display panel, a backlight assembly supplying light to the display panel, and a lower cover receiving the backlight assembly. The backlight assembly includes a light source, a circuit board mounted with the light source, and a reflection cover coupled to the circuit board to reflect light emitted from the light source and formed of a bendable plate type member. 1. A display device , comprising:a display panel;a backlight assembly supplying light to the display panel; anda lower cover receiving the backlight assembly,wherein the backlight assembly includesa light source;a circuit board mounted with the light source; anda reflection cover coupled to the circuit board to reflect light emitted from the light source and formed of a bendable plate type member.2. The display device of claim 1 , wherein:the reflection cover includesa first reflection portion and a second reflection portion formed to surround an upper side and a lower side of a main emission direction of light emitted from the light source; anda connection portion connecting the first reflection portion and the second reflection portion.3. The display device of claim 2 , wherein:the first reflection portion and the second reflection portion are formedso that the second reflection portion is longer than the first reflection portion.4. The display device of claim 2 , wherein:the connection portion of the reflection cover is coupled to the circuit board,the connection portion includes an opening formed at a position where the light source is mounted and having a size equal to or larger than that of the light source, andthe light source is exposed through the opening.5. The display device of claim 4 , further comprising:a first fastening member penetrating the connection portion of the reflection cover and the circuit board to ...

NANO-STRUCTURE MANUFACTURING METHOD USING SACRIFICIAL ETCHING MASK

Disclosed is a nano-structure manufacturing method which includes: forming a first semiconductor composite layer, a semiconductor quantum structure layer, a second semiconductor composite layer, and a semiconductor quantum dot layer on a substrate in order; thermally treating the semiconductor quantum dot layer so that quantum dots of the semiconductor quantum dot layer are aggregated; and performing an etching process by using the aggregated quantum dots as a mask. 1. A nano-structure manufacturing method , comprising:forming a first semiconductor composite layer, a semiconductor quantum structure layer, a second semiconductor composite layer, and a semiconductor quantum dot layer on a substrate in order;thermally treating the semiconductor quantum dot layer so that quantum dots of the semiconductor quantum dot layer are aggregated; andperforming an etching process by using the aggregated quantum dots as a mask.2. The nano-structure manufacturing method according to claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor quantum structure layer includes at least one of a quantum dot claim 1 , a quantum wire claim 1 , a quantum well claim 1 , a quantum dash claim 1 , and a quantum molecule.3. The nano-structure manufacturing method according to claim 1 , wherein the quantum dots of the semiconductor quantum structure layer and the semiconductor quantum dot layer are made of the same semiconductor material.4. The nano-structure manufacturing method according to claim 1 , wherein the first semiconductor composite layer claim 1 , the semiconductor quantum structure layer claim 1 , the second semiconductor composite layer claim 1 , and the semiconductor quantum dot layer are made of materials with the same etch rate.5. The nano-structure manufacturing method according to claim 1 , wherein the quantum dots of the semiconductor quantum structure layer and the semiconductor quantum dot layer are formed by means of droplet epitaxy.6. The nano-structure manufacturing method according to claim 1 ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING OUTPUT OF HYBRID STARTER GENERATOR

Disclosed herein is a method and a system for controlling a generation output of a starter generator connected to an engine to transmit a rotary force in a hybrid electric vehicle. The method includes receiving, by a controller, vehicle state information for determining a driving mode of the vehicle after the vehicle starts, and determines the driving mode requiring an increase of the generation output from the vehicle state information; determining, by the controller, a need for the increase of the generation output to control a generation output variable for each driving mode; determining, by the controller, a torque command and a torque application time corresponding to a required output for each driving mode of the vehicle to control the generation output variable; and applying, by the controller, the determined torque command for the determined application time to control the generation output of the starter generator. 1. A method for controlling a generation output of a starter generator connected to an engine to transmit a rotary force in a hybrid electric vehicle , the method comprising:receiving, by a controller, vehicle state information for determining a driving mode of the vehicle after the vehicle starts;determining, by the controller, that the driving mode requires an increase of the generation output from the vehicle state information;determining, by the controller, from the driving mode the required increase of the generation output to control a generation output variable for each driving mode;determining, by the controller, a torque command and a torque application time corresponding to the generation output variable for each driving mode of the vehicle; andapplying, by the controller, the determined torque command for the determined torque application time, to control the generation output of the starter generator.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining claim 1 , by the controller claim 1 , of the torque command and the torque ...

FLUID DYNAMIC BEARING ASSEMBLY AND MOTOR HAVING THE SAME

The fluid dynamic bearing assembly of including: a sleeve formed to have a hollow into which a shaft is inserted; a sleeve housing formed to insert the sleeve therein; a bypass passage formed to axially communicate the upper portion and the lower portion of the sleeve between the sleeve and the sleeve housing and dispersing pressure of a lubricating fluid in the hollow; an oil sealing cap having an oil passage communicated with the bypass passage and taper-sealing the lubricating fluid within the oil passage; and a thrust plate formed to have a hole corresponding to a shape of the outer peripheral surface of the shaft and axially disposed under the sleeve. 1. The fluid dynamic bearing assembly of comprising:a sleeve formed to have a hollow into which a shaft is inserted;a sleeve housing formed to insert the sleeve therein;a bypass passage formed to axially communicate the upper portion and the lower portion of the sleeve between the sleeve and the sleeve housing and dispersing pressure of a lubricating fluid in the hollow;an oil sealing cap having an oil passage communicated with the bypass passage and taper-sealing the lubricating fluid within the oil passage; anda thrust plate formed to have a hole corresponding to a shape of the outer peripheral surface of the shaft and axially disposed under the sleeve.2. The fluid dynamic bearing assembly of claim 1 , wherein a thrust bearing is formed in a clearance between the upper surface of the thrust plate and the lower surface of the sleeve claim 1 , a clearance between the outer peripheral surface of the thrust plate and the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve housing claim 1 , and a clearance between the lower surface of the thrust plate and a sealing cover covering the lower portion of the sleeve.3. A fluid dynamic bearing assembly claim 1 , comprising:a sleeve formed to have a hollow into which a shaft is inserted;a sealing cover covering the lower portions of the sleeve and the shaft and having a curved portion ...

HEAT EXCHANGER

A heat exchanger having an improved distribution structure in which one inlet pipe is connected to a header which is partitioned into a first sub-chamber in which a refrigerant flows through the inlet pipe and a second sub-chamber in which tubes communicate with each other, and a distribution pipe is installed at the header and causes the first sub-chamber and the second sub-chamber to communicate so that the refrigerant in the first sub-chamber can be distributed to the tubes. The distribution pipe can pass through and can be combined with a partitioning baffle that is combined with the header to partition a chamber of the header into the first sub-chamber and the second sub-chamber. 1. A heat exchanger comprising:an inlet pipe through which a refrigerant flows into the heat exchanger;an outlet pipe through which the refrigerant flows out of the heat exchanger;tubes into which the refrigerant flows and is heat-exchanged with air outside the heat exchanger and which are disposed in a plurality of rows comprising a first row and a second row;a first header having a first chamber in which the refrigerant flows into the heat exchanger through the inlet pipe and the first-row tubes communicate with one another and a second chamber in which the refrigerant flows out of the heat exchanger through the outlet pipe and the second-row tubes communicate with one another;a second header having a third chamber in which the first-row tubes communicate with one another and a fourth chamber in which the refrigerant in the third chamber flows and the second-row tubes communicate with one another;a first partitioning baffle that partitions the first chamber into a first sub-chamber in which the refrigerant flows through the inlet pipe and a second sub-chamber in which the first-row tubes communicate with one another; anda distribution pipe that passes through and is combined with the first partitioning baffle, is disposed in a lengthwise direction of the first header, and has a ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device includes a display panel disposed in a first non-folding region, a second non-folding region, and a folding region located between the first and second non-folding regions. The display device further includes first and second buffer members disposed on one surface of the display panel in the first and second non-folding regions, respectively, and a metal layer disposed in the first non-folding region, the second non-folding region, and the folding region on one surface of the first buffer member and one surface of the second buffer member. The display device further includes a fingerprint sensor disposed on the metal layer. The first and second buffer members are separated with the folding region therebetween. The metal layer includes first, second, and third metal portions located in the first non-folding region, the second non-folding region, and the folding region, respectively. The fingerprint sensor is attached to the third metal portion. 1. A display device , comprising:a display panel disposed in a first non-folding region, a second non-folding region, and a folding region,wherein the folding region is between the first non-folding region and the second non-folding region;a first buffer member disposed on one surface of the display panel in the first non-folding region;a second buffer member disposed on the one surface of the display panel in the second non-folding region;a metal layer disposed in the first non-folding region, the second non-folding region, and the folding region on one surface of the first buffer member and one surface of the second buffer member; anda fingerprint sensor disposed on the metal layer,wherein the first buffer member and the second buffer member are separated from each other with the folding region therebetween,the metal layer comprises a first metal portion located in the first non-folding region, a second metal portion located in the second non-folding region, and a third metal portion located in the folding ...

IDENTIFICATION CODE RECOGNITION SYSTEM AND METHOD

The present disclosure provides an identification code recognition system, including: a camera configured to capture an image of an entire area of an identification code (ID code) engraved on a workpiece; a scanner configured to scan a partial area including at least one misrecognized character in the entire area of the ID code; and an image analyzer including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is configured to store the ID code, data related to the ID code, an image captured by the camera, and an image scanned by the scanner, and the processor is configured to analyze the image captured by the camera and the image scanned by the scanner based on an image analysis logic. 1. An identification code recognition system , comprising:a camera configured to capture an image of an entire area of an identification code (ID code) that is engraved on a workpiece;a scanner configured to scan a partial area including at least one misrecognized character in the entire area of the ID code; andan image analyzer comprising a memory and a processor,wherein the memory is configured to store the ID code, data related to the ID code, an image captured by the camera, and an image scanned by the scanner, andthe processor is configured to analyze the image captured by the camera and the image scanned by the scanner based on an image analysis logic.2. The identification code recognition system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to perform a first image analysis to obtain a recognition result value of the image captured by the camera claim 1 , wherein the first image analysis compares the image captured by the camera with a reference pattern.3. The identification code recognition system of claim 2 , wherein the processor is configured to perform a secondary image analysis to obtain a partial correction value of the image scanned by the scanner claim 2 , wherein the secondary image analysis compares the image scanned by the scanner with the reference pattern.4. The ...

LIGHT SOURCE UNIT, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND BACKLIGHT UNIT HAVING THE SAME

A light source unit includes a light source configured to emit a light, a first case including a first groove configured to receive the light source therein, a first sealing member disposed in the first groove and covering the light source, a second case disposed on the first case and including a first opening portion overlapping with the first groove, and a quantum dot member disposed between the first case and the second case and including a light conversion area configured to convert the light to a white light and a defect area surrounding the light conversion area. The first opening portion is disposed through the second case, a portion of the light conversion area overlaps with the first opening portion and the first groove, and the light source unit is configured such that the white light exits therefrom through the first opening portion.

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE HAVING GATE ISOLATION LAYER

A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a first region and a second region, first active fins that extend in a first direction in the first region, second active fins that extend in the first direction in the second region, a first field insulating layer between the first active fins and that extend in a second direction, a second field insulating layer between the second active fins and extending in the second direction, a gate line that extends in the second direction on the second field insulating layer, the gate line linearly along with the first field insulating layer, a gate isolation layer between the first field insulating layer and the gate line, and gate spacers that extend in the second direction, the gate spacers in contact with both sidewalls of each of the first field insulating layer, the gate line, and the gate isolation layer. 1. A semiconductor device , comprising:a substrate having a first region and a second region;first active fins that extend in a first direction in the first region;second active fins that extend in the first direction in the second region;a first field insulating layer between the first active fins and that extends in a second direction;a second field insulating layer between the second active fins and extends in the second direction;a gate line that extends in the second direction on the second field insulating layer, the gate line overlapping the first field insulating layer along the second direction;a gate isolation layer between the first field insulating layer and the gate line; andgate spacers that extend in the second direction, the gate spacers in contact with both sidewalls of each of the first field insulating layer, the gate line, and the gate isolation layer.2. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the gate line includes:a gate electrode including a metal, anda gate insulating layer that extends in the second direction between the gate electrode and the second field insulating layer, ...

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a gate structure on the substrate and a first conductive connection group on the gate structure. The gate structure includes a gate spacer and a gate electrode. The first conductive connection group includes a ferroelectric material layer. At least a part of the ferroelectric material layer is disposed above an upper surface of the gate spacer. And the ferroelectric material layer forms a ferroelectric capacitor having a negative capacitance in the first conductive connection group. 1. A semiconductor device comprising:a substrate;a gate structure on the substrate, the gate structure including a gate spacer and a gate electrode; anda first conductive connection group on the gate structure, the first conductive connection group including a ferroelectric material layer,wherein at least a part of the ferroelectric material layer is disposed above an upper surface of the gate spacer, andthe ferroelectric material layer is configured to form a ferroelectric capacitor having a negative capacitance in the first conductive connection group.2. The semiconductor device of claim 1 ,wherein the first conductive connection group is in contact with the gate electrode.3. The semiconductor device of claim 2 , further comprising:a source/drain region disposed on a region adjacent to at least one side of the gate structure; anda source/drain contact plug connected to the source/drain region,wherein the first conductive connection group includes a gate contact plug, andan upper surface of the source/drain contact plug is positioned at substantially the same height as an upper surface of the gate contact plug from an upper surface of the substrate.4. The semiconductor device of claim 1 ,wherein the first conductive connection group includes a gate contact plug being in contact with the gate electrode.5. The semiconductor device of claim 4 ,wherein the gate contact plug includes the ferroelectric material layer.6. The semiconductor device of ...

GAS SENSOR, REFRIGERATOR HAVING THE SAME, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE GAS SENSOR

A gas sensor, a refrigerator having the gas sensor, and a method for controlling the gas sensor recognizes the ripening degree of a target food on the basis of a variation in color using a pH indicator having a color that is changed with pH variation generated when the pH indicator reacts with target gas, a refrigerator having the gas sensor. The gas sensor for detecting target gas includes: a base provided for gas permeation; and a detection unit provided at the base, and is discolored in response to pH variation generated when reacting with target gas having permeated the base. 1. A gas sensor for detecting a target gas , the gas sensor comprising:a gas-permeable base; anda detector provided on the base,wherein the detector changes color in response to a pH variation generated when reacting with the target gas having permeated the base.2. The gas sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the detector includes a hydrophilic membrane having a detection solution.3. The gas sensor according to claim 2 , wherein the detection solution includes at least one pH indicator that changes color in response to pH variation generated when the detection solution reacts with the target gas.4. The gas sensor according to claim 2 , wherein:if acetic acid is contained in the target gas, the detection solution includes at least one of a bromothymol blue pH indicator from 0.001 weight percent to 0.1 weight percent and a chlorophenol red pH indicator from 0.001 weight percent to 0.1 weight percent.5. The gas sensor according to claim 2 , wherein the detection solution includes a buffer solution having a dissociation constant (pKa) of 3 to 10.6. The gas sensor according to claim 5 , wherein the buffer solution includes at least one of sodium acetate claim 5 , sodium carbonate claim 5 , sodium bicarbonate claim 5 , and sodium citrate.7. The gas sensor according to claim 6 , wherein the sodium acetate buffer solution includes acetate ions of 0.1 mM to 1000 mM.8. The gas sensor according to ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device that may include a bottom chassis including a base portion and one or more side portions extending at a predetermined angle from the base portion, a light guide plate on an upper surface of the bottom chassis, an optical sheet on the light guide plate, and a display panel on the optical sheet. At least one of the side portions may have a different width from the other side portions.

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

Embodiments of the disclosure relate to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device including a field effect transistor with improved electrical characteristics. According to embodiments of the disclosure, self-aligned contact plugs may be effectively formed using a metal hard mask portion disposed on a gate portion. In addition, a process margin of a photoresist mask for the formation of the self-aligned contact plugs may be improved by using the metal hard mask portion.

DISPLAY DEVICE HAVING A BOTTOM CHASSIS INCLUDING A BINDING PORTION

A display device includes a display panel, and a light source configured to emit light onto the display panel. The display panel includes a bottom chassis including a binding portion. The display panel and the light source are disposed in the bottom chassis. The binding portion is configured to control a position of the display panel in the bottom chassis. The display device includes a mold frame configured to control a position of the bottom chassis disposed on the mold frame. The mold frame includes a binding groove aligned with the binding portion of the bottom chassis.

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A semiconductor device includes a plurality of active fins defined by an isolation layer on a substrate, a gate structure on the active fins and the isolation layer, and a gate spacer structure covering a sidewall of the gate structure. A sidewall of the gate structure includes first, second, and third regions having first, second, and third slopes, respectively. The second slope increases from a bottom toward a top of the second region. The second slope has a value at the bottom of the second region less than the first slope. The third slope is greater than the second slope. 133.-. (canceled)34. A semiconductor device , comprising:a plurality of active fins, each of the active fins protruding from a top surface of an isolation layer on a substrate and extending in a first direction;a plurality of gate structures, each of the gate structures extending on the active fins and the isolation layer in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction, and including a first portion on the isolation layer and a second portion on the active fins, a width of the first portion in the first direction being at least partially different from a width of the second portion in the first direction; anda spacer structure covering a sidewall of each of the gate structures.35. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 34 , wherein:a top surface of the first portion of each of the gate structures is substantially coplanar with a top surface of the second portion of each of the gate structures, anda bottom of the first portion of each of the gate structures is lower than a bottom of the second portion of each of the gate structures.36. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 35 , wherein:an upper portion of the first portion of each of the gate structures at a height substantially equal to the second portion of each of the gate structures has a width substantially equal to the second portion of each of the gate structures, anda lower portion of the first ...

BOTTOM CHASSIS, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND DISPLAY APPARATUS INCLUDING THE SAME

A bottom chassis includes a base chassis which accommodates a light source part emitting a light, a reflective film disposed on a bottom plate of the base chassis and including a reflective material to reflect the light, a cladding film disposed on the reflective film, and a light guide film disposed on the cladding film, receiving the light from the light source part through a first surface thereof, and guiding the received light to exit through a second surface thereof as a plane light, where the cladding film has a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the light guide film. 1. A bottom chassis comprising:a base chassis which accommodates a light source part which emits a light;a reflective film which is disposed on a bottom plate of the base chassis and includes a reflective material to reflect the light;a cladding film disposed on the reflective film; anda light guide film which is disposed on the cladding film, receives the light from the light source part through a first surface thereof, and guides the received light to exit through a second surface thereof as a plane light,wherein the cladding film has a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the light guide film.2. The bottom chassis of claim 1 , wherein the light guide film comprises a light guide pattern disposed on a third surface facing the second surface to guide the received light to the second surface claim 1 , and the first surface connects the second surface and the third surface.3. The bottom chassis of claim 2 , wherein the bottom plate of the base chassis comprises a base pattern having a concavo-convex shape claim 2 , and the light guide pattern has a shape corresponding to the base pattern.4. The bottom chassis of claim 3 , wherein the reflective film and the cladding film are sequentially stacked on the bottom plate claim 3 , and each of the reflective film and the cladding film has the concavo-convex shape corresponding to the base pattern on the bottom plate and a ...

ATTACHABLE/DETACHABLE SUN VISOR FACILITATING PARTIAL COUPLING

The present invention relates to an attachable/detachable sun visor facilitating partial coupling and, more particularly, to a sun visor which can be easily attached to/detached from a vehicle window, and which enables partial coupling between the sun visor components such that components of a desired usage can be coupled and used as needed. The sun visor comprises: a body () coupled to a frame of a vehicle door; and an attachable/detachable ventilation extension frame () which is coupled to the bottom portion of the body () and can be expanded. 1. An attachable/detachable sun visor facilitating a partial coupling , comprising:{'b': '100', 'a main body () which is engaged to a frame of a vehicle door; and'}{'b': 200', '100, 'an attachable/detachable ventilation extension frame () which is engaged to a lower end portion of the main body () and is expandable.'}2. An attachable/detachable sun visor facilitating a partial coupling , comprising:{'b': 100', '110', '120', '120', '150', '210', '200', '150', '130, 'a main body () wherein a curve-shaped sun visor plate () which is provided at one side of a front side thereof so as to prevent the input of rainwater into the inside of a vehicle in an expandable sun visor which is inserted into a door frame disposed at the top of the vehicle door and is easily attachable or detachable, a vehicle engaging protrusion () is provided at the top thereof, wherein the vehicle engaging protrusion () can be engaged to a groove into which the vehicle window at the inner side of the door frame of the vehicle can be inserted, an engaging groove () is formed at the lower surface of the lower end portion thereof, wherein a part of the top of the vehicle window or a protrusion () of the extension frame () is inserted into the engaging groove () and is engaged thereto and supported in place, and a vehicle door fixing part () is provided at one side of the rear surface thereof and is supported by the vehicle frame and is fixed in place; and'}{'b ...

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

A semiconductor device includes a first fin pattern and a second fin pattern in a NMOS region, each extending lengthwise along a first direction and separated by a first trench and a third fin pattern and a fourth fin pattern in a PMOS region, each extending lengthwise along the first direction in parallel with respective ones of the first fin pattern and the second fin pattern and separated by a second trench. First and second isolation layers are disposed in the first and second trenches, respectively. A first gate electrode extends lengthwise along a second direction transverse to the first direction and crosses the first fin pattern. A second gate electrode extends lengthwise along the second direction and crosses the second fin pattern. Spaced apart third and fourth gate electrodes extend lengthwise along the second direction on the second isolation layer. 1. A semiconductor device comprising:a substrate comprising a first fin pattern and a second fin pattern in a NMOS region of the substrate, each extending lengthwise along a first direction and separated by a first trench and a third fin pattern and a fourth fin pattern in a PMOS region of the substrate, each extending lengthwise along the first direction in parallel with respective ones of the first fin pattern and the second fin pattern and separated by a second trench;a first isolation layer in the first trench;a second isolation layer in the second trench;a first gate electrode extending lengthwise along a second direction transverse to the first direction and crossing the first fin pattern;a second gate electrode extending lengthwise along the second direction and crossing the second fin pattern;a third gate electrode extending lengthwise along the second direction on the second isolation layer; anda fourth gate electrode extending lengthwise along the second direction on the second isolation layer and spaced apart from the third gate electrode.2. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the third ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device includes a display module. An impact absorption layer is disposed under the display module and includes a first opening exposing a lower surface of the display module. A rigid plate is disposed under the impact absorption layer. A sensor is disposed between the display module and the rigid plate within the first opening and is coupled to a lower surface of the rigid plate. A support member is disposed between the impact absorption layer and the sensor within the first opening, and contacts the display module and the rigid plate. 1. A display device comprising:a display module;an impact absorption layer under the display module, the impact absorption layer comprising a first opening exposing a lower surface of the display module;a rigid plate under the impact absorption layer;a sensor between the display module and the rigid plate within the first opening, the sensor being coupled to an upper surface of the rigid plate; anda support member between the impact absorption layer and the sensor within the first opening, the support member contacting the display module and the rigid plate.2. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is spaced apart from the display module.3. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the support member and the rigid plate comprise a same material.4. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the support member has a planar shape of a circular ring or a square ring.5. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the rigid plate comprises a main body part overlapping with the impact absorption layer and a curve part overlapping with the sensor claim 1 ,the curve part comprises a flat portion having a height different from a height of the main body part with respect to a surface of the display module, and a connecting portion inclined with the main body part and extending from the main body part to the flat portion, andthe support member contacts the main body part.6. The display device of claim 5 , wherein a thickness of the ...

METHODS FOR FABRICATING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

Methods for fabricating a semiconductor device include forming a composite film, forming a rough pattern on the composite film, forming a smooth pattern by subjecting the rough pattern to ion implantation and a plasma treatment, and patterning the composite film using the smooth pattern as a first mask. 1. A method for fabricating a semiconductor device , comprising:forming a composite film;forming a rough pattern on the composite film;forming a smooth pattern by subjecting the rough pattern to ion plantation and a plasma treatment; andpatterning the composite film using the smooth pattern as a first mask.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rough pattern has a line edge roughness (LER) greater than a LER of the smooth pattern.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming a rough pattern comprises forming a photo resist (PR).4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the forming a rough pattern comprisesforming a mask film on the composite film,forming a shielding film partially exposing the mask film, andsubjecting the exposed mask film to exposure.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the subjecting the exposed mask film to exposure comprises irradiating an argon fluoride (ArF) laser or an extreme ultra violet (EUV) laser.6. The method of wherein the forming a rough pattern comprises forming an amorphous carbon layer (ACL).7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the forming a rough pattern comprises depositing the rough pattern by chemical vapor deposition (CVD).8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subjecting the rough pattern to ion implantation includes applying ions selected from at least one of C claim 1 , Ar claim 1 , Hand Oto the rough pattern.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subjecting the rough pattern to a plasma treatment comprises using HBr or He plasma.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ion implantation and the plasma treatment are performed in-situ.11. The method of claim 1 , whereinthe forming a composite film comprises forming a hard mask film and a ...

MEMORY SCHEDULING METHOD FOR CHANGING COMMAND ORDER AND METHOD OF OPERATING MEMORY SYSTEM

Disclosed is a method of operating a memory system which executes a plurality of commands including a write command and a trim command. The memory system includes a memory device, which includes a plurality of blocks. The method further includes performing garbage collection for generating a free block, calculating a workload level in performing the garbage collection, and changing a command schedule based on the workload level. 1. A method of operating a memory system , comprising:reducing a number of valid pages associated with a plurality of blocks prior to performing garbage collection on the plurality of blocks, the reducing including executing a command to change valid data to invalid data in the plurality of blocks.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reducing includes changing execution of a command schedule based on a calculated workload level for performing the garbage collection.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the command includes a trim command claim 1 , the trim command is executed prior to performing the garbage collection.4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:calculating the calculated workload level based on a valid page ratio associated with the plurality of blocks.5. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:performing the reducing if the calculated workload level equals or exceeds a reference level. This application is a divisional application of and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120/121 to U.S. application Ser. No. 15/222,209 filed Jul. 28, 2016, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0141692, filed on Oct. 8, 2015, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO), the entire contents of each of these applications is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.Inventive concepts relate to memory scheduling methods and/or methods of operating memory systems, and more particularly, to memory scheduling methods and/or methods of operating memory systems, which perform efficient ...

LC RESONANT CONVERTER USING PHASE SHIFT SWITCHING METHOD

A LC resonant converter using a phase shift switching method includes: a switching unit configured to receive a switching signal according to a phase shift control and to perform zero voltage switching (ZVS) in a leading leg circuit and a lagging leg circuit when a light load is present; a transformer configured to output an output voltage of the switching unit as a predetermined level of voltage; a resonance circuit unit configured to convert frequency characteristics of an alternating voltage transferred from the transformer; and a bridge rectifying circuit unit configured to rectify the alternating voltage whose frequency characteristics are converted into a direct voltage. 1. An LC resonant converter using a phase shift switching method , comprising:a switching unit configured to receive a switching signal according to a phase shift control and to perform zero voltage switching (ZVS) in a leading leg circuit and a lagging leg circuit when a light load is present;a transformer configured to output an output voltage of the switching unit as a predetermined level of voltage;a resonance circuit unit provided at a secondary side of the transformer and configured to convert frequency characteristics of an alternating voltage transferred from the transformer; anda bridge rectifying circuit unit configured to rectify the alternating voltage whose frequency characteristics are converted into a direct voltage.2. The LC resonant converter according to claim 1 , wherein the switching unit includes a leading leg circuit LE and a lagging leg circuit LA claim 1 , each being configured of two switches claim 1 , and the leading leg circuit LE and the lagging leg circuit LA have a duty ratio of 50% and are complementarily operated.31234. The LC resonant converter according to claim 2 , wherein switches M and M of the leading leg circuit LE implement ZVS using magnetizing inductance Lm and an output current claim 2 , and switches M and M of the lagging leg circuit LA implement ZVS ...

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE HAVING GATE ISOLATION LAYER

A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a first region and a second region, first active fins that extend in a first direction in the first region, second active fins that extend in the first direction in the second region, a first field insulating layer between the first active fins and that extend in a second direction, a second field insulating layer between the second active fins and extending in the second direction, a gate line that extends in the second direction on the second field insulating layer, the gate line linearly along with the first field insulating layer, a gate isolation layer between the first field insulating layer and the gate line, and gate spacers that extend in the second direction, the gate spacers in contact with both sidewalls of each of the first field insulating layer, the gate line, and the gate isolation layer. 1. A semiconductor device , comprising:a substrate having a first region and a second region;first active fins that extend in a first direction in the first region;second active fins that extend in the first direction in the second region;a first field insulating layer between the first active fins and that extends in a second direction;a second field insulating layer between the second active fins and extends in the second direction;a gate line that extends in the second direction on the second field insulating layer, the gate line overlapping the first field insulating layer along the second direction;a gate isolation layer between the first field insulating layer and the gate line; andgate spacers that extend in the second direction, the gate spacers in contact with both sidewalls of each of the first field insulating layer, the gate line, and the gate isolation layer.2. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the gate line includes:a gate electrode including a metal, anda gate insulating layer that extends in the second direction between the gate electrode and the second field insulating layer, ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device includes a display substrate and a printed circuit board (PCB). The display substrate includes a display area to display an image, and includes a pad area outside the display area. The PCB is bonded to a surface of the display substrate in the pad area. The PCB includes a base film, first terminal wires positioned at the base film, second terminal wires positioned at the base film, first sub-pad terminals electrically connected to the first terminal wires through contact holes formed in the base film, and second sub-pad terminals directly and electrically connected to the second terminal wires without contact holes. The first sub-pad terminals and the second sub-pad terminals are alternately arranged. The first terminal wires and the second terminal wires are, in a view normal to the surface, spaced apart from one another. 1. A display device comprising: a display area to display an image; and', 'a pad area outside the display area; and, 'a display substrate comprisinga printed circuit board (PCB) bonded to a surface of the display substrate in the pad area, a base film;', 'first terminal wires positioned at the base film;', 'second terminal wires positioned at the base film;', 'first sub-pad terminals electrically connected to the first terminal wires through contact holes formed in the base film; and', 'second sub-pad terminals directly and electrically connected to the second terminal wires without contact holes,, 'wherein the PCB compriseswherein the first sub-pad terminals and the second sub-pad terminals are alternately arranged, andwherein, in a view normal to the surface, the first terminal wires and the second terminal wires are spaced apart from one another.2. The display device of claim 1 , wherein:first-first sub-pad terminals of the first sub-pad terminals and first-second sub-pad terminals of the second sub-pad terminals are arranged into a first column; andsecond-first sub-pad terminals of the first sub-pad terminals and second-second ...

VALVE APPARATUS

Disclosed is a valve apparatus, including: one housing where a fluid is introduced and discharged; a first valve part provided inside the housing and configured to control flow of the fluid; a second valve part provided inside the housing such that the fluid is introduced into the second valve part from the first valve part, and configured to control flow of the fluid introduced from the first valve part; and a connection part configured to introduce the fluid discharged from the first valve part in the housing into the second valve part, wherein respective valve shaft directions of the first and second valve parts respectively are non-parallel to each other, and any one of respective valve shafts of the first and second valve parts is parallel to an axial direction of the connection part. In accordance with such a configuration, a plurality of valve parts having different axial directions can be seated in one housing to be connected to each other, so that manufacturability and valve control efficiency can be improved. 1. A valve apparatus , comprising:one housing where a fluid is introduced and discharged;a first valve part provided inside the housing and configured to control flow of the fluid;a second valve part provided inside the housing such that the fluid is introduced into the second valve part from the first valve part, and configured to control flow of the fluid introduced from the first valve part; anda connection part configured to introduce the fluid discharged from the first valve part in the housing into the second valve part,wherein respective valve shaft directions of the first and second valve parts respectively are non-parallel to each other, and any one of respective valve shafts of the first and second valve parts is parallel to an axial direction of the connection part.2. The valve apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second valve parts are coupled to the housing in first and second axial directions non-parallel to each other ...

DISPLAY DEVICE INCLUDING BASE FILM AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF BASE FILM

A display device includes: a display panel including a flexible substrate; and the display panel including the flexible substrate disposed on a base film. The base film on which the display panel including the flexible substrate is disposed includes: a first polymer layer and a second polymer layer each having a multilayered structure, and a metal layer disposed between the first polymer layer and the second polymer layer. 1. A display device comprising:a display panel including a flexible substrate; anda base film disposed on the display panel; a first polymer layer and a second polymer layer each having a multilayered structure, and', 'a metal layer disposed between the first polymer layer and the second polymer layer., 'wherein the base film includes2. The display device of claim 1 , whereinthe first polymer layer and the second polymer layer include a polyimide material, respectively.3. The display device of claim 1 , whereinthe first polymer layer or the second polymer layer includes a first layer and a second layer,the first layer is disposed between the second layer and the metal layer, andthe first layer and the second layer include different materials from each other.4. The display device of claim 3 , whereinthe second layer includes polyimide, andthe first layer includes at least one of polyurethane, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene naphthalate, polyarylene ether ketone, polyethylene, triacetyl cellulose, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, and perylene.5. The display device of claim 3 , whereina thickness of the first layer is about 4 micrometers to about 10 micrometers.6. The display device of claim 3 , whereina thickness of the second layer is about 4 micrometers to about 20 micrometers.7. The display device of claim 3 , whereina thickness ratio of a thickness of the first layer to a thickness of the second layer is about 1:1 to about 1:5.8. The display device of claim 1 , whereinthe metal layer includes at least one of Invar, stainless steel, ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device includes a light source, a mirror reflection guide member, a diffusion reflection member, and a display panel. The light source extends in a first direction and is configured to emit light. The mirror reflection guide member is configured to: support the light source, and guide at least some of the light to a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The mirror reflection guide member includes a plurality of guide patterns extending in the second direction and arranged in the first direction. The diffusion reflection member is configured to guide at least some of the light to a third direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second directions. The display panel is disposed on the mirror reflection guide member and the diffusion reflection member and is configured to display an image using the light guided by the diffusion reflection member. 1. A display device , comprising:a light source extending in a first direction, the light source being configured to emit light;an optical member configured to guide the light emitted from the light source; anda display panel disposed on the optical member, the display panel being configured to display an image using the light guided by the optical member, a mirror reflection area disposed adjacent to the light source, the mirror reflection area being configured to guide at least some of the light emitted from the light source to a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction,', 'a diffusion reflection area spaced apart from the mirror reflection area in the second direction, the diffusion reflection are being configured to guide at least some of the light emitted from the light source to the display panel, and', 'a boundary area disposed between the mirror reflection area and the diffusion reflection area, the boundary area comprising a plurality of mirror reflection patterns and a plurality of diffusion reflection patterns., 'wherein the optical ...

SEMICONDUCTOR CHIP, ELECTRONIC DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME, AND METHOD OF CONNECTING THE SEMICONDUCTOR CHIP TO THE ELECTRONIC DEVICE

A semiconductor chip includes: a base substrate; a conductive pad on one surface of the base substrate; an insulating layer on the one surface of the base substrate and having an opening exposing a portion of the conductive pad; and a bump on the exposed portion of the conductive pad and on the insulating layer around the opening. The bump includes a plurality of concave portions corresponding to the opening and is arranged in a longitudinal direction of the bump. 1. A semiconductor chip comprising:a base substrate;a conductive pad on one surface of the base substrate;an insulating layer on the one surface of the base substrate and having an opening exposing a portion of the conductive pad; anda bump on the exposed portion of the conductive pad and on the insulating layer around the opening, the bump comprising a plurality of concave portions corresponding to the opening and being arranged in a longitudinal direction of the bump.2. The semiconductor chip of claim 1 , wherein the insulating layer comprises a plurality of first openings arranged on one line in the longitudinal direction of the bump.3. The semiconductor chip of claim 2 , wherein each of the first openings extends in a direction crossing the longitudinal direction of the bump.4. The semiconductor chip of claim 2 , wherein the insulating layer has a second opening extending in the longitudinal direction of the bump in a bump area of the base substrate corresponding to the bump and extending between the first openings.5. The semiconductor chip of claim 1 , wherein the bump comprises a metal layer.6. The semiconductor chip of claim 1 , further comprising a conductive medium layer between the conductive pad and the bump.7. The semiconductor chip of claim 1 , wherein the bump has a width of 5 μm to 20 μm claim 1 , andwherein each of the concave portions has a depth of 1 μm to 4 μm.8. The semiconductor chip of claim 1 , wherein the insulating layer comprises an inorganic layer and an organic layer.9. The ...

LIGHT SOURCE, A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND A BACKLIGHT UNIT HAVING THE SAME

A light source includes a substrate and a plurality of light emitting devices disposed on the substrate. Each of the light emitting devices is configured to generate a first light. A plurality of quantum-dot devices are respectively disposed on the light emitting devices. The quantum-dot devices are configured to convert the first light to a second light. The quantum-dot devices are configured to be attached to and detached from the light emitting devices, respectively. 1. A light source , comprising:a substrate;a plurality of light emitting devices disposed on the substrate, wherein each of the light emitting devices is configured to generate a first light; anda plurality of quantum-dot devices respectively disposed on the light emitting devices, wherein the quantum-dot devices are configured to convert the first light to a second light, and wherein the quantum-dot devices are configured to be attached to and detached from the light emitting devices, respectively.2. The light source of claim 1 , wherein each of the light emitting devices comprises:a first case including a recess;a light emitting unit disposed in the recess, wherein the light emitting unit is configured to generate the first light; anda plurality of engaging recesses disposed in a lower portion of the first case.3. The light source of claim 2 , wherein each of the quantum-dot devices comprises:a second case having a frame shape;a plurality of engaging members connected to a lower portion of the second case and protruded downward; anda quantum-dot member including a first barrier layer, a second barrier layer, and a quantum-dot layer disposed between the first and second barrier layers, wherein the quantum-dot member is configured to convert the first light to the second light, the engaging members are disposed in the engaging recesses, respectively, and the first barrier layer and the quantum-dot layer are disposed in the second case.4. The light source of claim 3 , wherein the second case comprises ...

LIGHT GENERATION MEMBER INCLUDING LIGHT DIFFUSION MEMBER AND DISPLAY APPARATUS HAVING THE SAME

A light generation member includes a light source which includes light source units which generate a first light, a light conversion member which converts the first light to a second light, and a light diffusion member which is elongated in a first direction, in which is defined first grooves respectively corresponding to the light source units, the light diffusion member diffusing the first light generated by the light source unites and providing the diffused first light to the light conversion member. The light diffusion member is between the light conversion member and the light source in a second direction crossing the first direction, and the first grooves defined in the light diffusion member are each elongated in a third direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second directions. 1. A light generation member comprising:a light source comprising a plurality of light source units which generates a first light;a light conversion member which converts the first light to a second light; anda light diffusion member which is elongated in a first direction, in which is defined a plurality of first grooves corresponding to the light source units, respectively, the light diffusion member diffusing the first light generated by the light source and providing the diffused first light to the light conversion member,whereinthe light diffusion member is between the light conversion member and the light source in a second direction crossing the first direction, andthe first grooves defined in the light diffusion member are each elongated in a third direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second directions.2. The light generation member of claim 1 , wherein the first light is a blue light and the second light is a white light.3. The light generation member of claim 1 , wherein the light source further comprises a substrate on which the light source units are disposed claim 1 , the substrate and the light conversion member each elongated in the ...

FLEXIBLE DISPLAY PANEL AND METHOD OF BENDING THE SAME

A flexible display panel includes a display area to display an image, and a non-display area disposed outside the display area. The non-display area includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion extends from the display area, and includes a support layer disposed on a flexible substrate. The second portion extends from the first portion, and is bent from a plane of the first portion. A property of a material of the support layer in the first portion is different than the property of the material of the support layer in the second portion. 1. A flexible display panel comprising:a display area to display an image; anda non-display area disposed outside the display area, a first portion extending from the display area, the first portion comprising a support layer disposed on a flexible substrate; and', 'a second portion extending from the first portion, the second portion being bent from a plane of the first portion, and, 'wherein the non-display area compriseswherein a property of a material of the support layer in the first portion is different than the property of the material of the support layer in the second portion.2. The flexible display panel of claim 1 , wherein the property corresponds to at least one of a density of the material claim 1 , a hardness of the material claim 1 , a surface roughness of the material claim 1 , and a color of the material.3. The flexible display panel of claim 1 , wherein the second portion comprises at least one of a charred surface and trapped bubbles.4. The flexible display panel of claim 1 , wherein:the second portion comprises the flexible substrate and some of the support layer; anda material of the flexible substrate is different than the material of the support layer.5. The flexible display panel of claim 4 , wherein a melting point of the material of the flexible substrate is greater than a melting point of the material of the support layer.6. The flexible display panel of claim 4 , wherein:the material ...

SERVER AND USER TERMINAL

A server includes communication circuitry configured to communicate with a plurality of external terminals, a storage which stores reference data for hardware integrity verification of the plurality of external terminals, and a processor configured to verify the hardware integrity of a second external terminal using the reference data, when a request for the hardware integrity verification of the second external terminal is received through the communication circuitry from a first external terminal. 1. A server , comprising:communication circuitry configured to communicate with a plurality of external terminals;a storage configured to store reference data of the plurality of external terminals; anda processor configured to perform hardware integrity verification of a second external terminal using the reference data, when a request for the hardware integrity verification of the second external terminal is received from a first external terminal through the communication circuitry.2. The server of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , when the request for the hardware integrity verification is received claim 1 , the processor is configured to request transmission of data for the hardware integrity verification of the second external terminal claim 1 , from the communication circuitry claim 1 ,when data of the second external terminal is received from the second external terminal in response to the request for data transmission, the processor is configured to perform the hardware integrity verification of the second external terminal by comparing the received data with the reference data of the second external terminal stored in the storage, andto control the communication circuitry to transmit a result of the verification to at least one external terminal of the first and the second external terminals.3. The server of claim 1 , whereinthe memory of the plurality of external terminals includes at least one of ROM, RAM, flash memory and non-volatile RAM(NVRAM), andthe reference ...

METHOD OF PREPARING HEAVY OIL-DERIVED ANISOTROPIC PITCH FOR CARBON FIBER BASED ON MESOGEN SEPARATION

The present disclosure relates to a method of preparing an anisotropic pitch for carbon fiber, and more particularly, to a method of preparing an anisotropic pitch of preparing a pitch having a low softening point by thermally polymerizing heavy oil or residue oil generated in an oil refining process, extracting only a mesogen component, and then heat-treating at a high temperature for a short time. The anisotropic pitch prepared in the present disclosure has advantages of exhibiting the anisotropic content of 100% and controlling the anisotropic content only a simple temperature control as desired and may be used as a precursor of a high value-added carbon material such as carbon fiber and an anode material for a lithium secondary battery.

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES INCLUDING A DEVICE ISOLATION REGION IN A SUBSTRATE AND/OR FIN

Semiconductor devices are provided. A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor device includes first and second source/drain regions in the semiconductor substrate. Moreover, the semiconductor device includes a multi-layer device isolation region in the semiconductor substrate between the first and second source/drain regions. The multi-layer device isolation region includes a protruding portion that protrudes away from the semiconductor substrate beyond respective uppermost surfaces of the first and second source/drain regions. 1. A semiconductor device , comprising:a fin-type pattern on a substrate;a first gate structure on the fin-type pattern, the first gate structure including a first gate spacer;a second gate structure on the fin-type pattern, the second gate structure being spaced apart from the first gate structure and including a second gate spacer;a pair of dummy spacers spaced apart from each other between the first gate spacer and the second gate spacer, wherein a height from an upper surface of the fin-type pattern to an upper surface of the pair of dummy spacers is less than a height from the upper surface of the fin-type pattern to an upper surface of the first and second gate spacers;a trench between the pair of dummy spacers, the trench including a sidewall defined by the fin-type pattern and one of the pair of dummy spacers; anda device isolating film in the trench, and including a first insulating film and a second insulating film on the first insulating film, the first insulating film extending along the sidewall and a bottom surface of the trench, and a thickness of the first insulating film on the bottom surface of the trench being greater than a thickness of the first insulating film on the sidewall of the trench.2. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , further comprising an interlayer insulating film on a sidewall of the first gate structure claim 1 , on a sidewall of the second gate structure claim 1 , and ...

FAN-OUT SEMICONDUCTOR PACKAGE

A fan-out semiconductor package includes a core member having a through-hole. A semiconductor chip is in the through-hole and has an active surface with connection pads and an inactive surface opposing the active surface. An encapsulant encapsulates at least portions of the core member and the semiconductor chip and fills at least a portion of the through-hole. A connection member is on the core member and the active surface of the semiconductor chip and includes a redistribution layer electrically connected to the connection pads. The core member includes a groove portion penetrating from a wall of the through-hole up to an outer side surface of the core member in a lower portion of the core member on which the connection member is disposed. 1. A fan-out semiconductor package comprising:a core member having a through-hole;a semiconductor chip disposed in the through-hole and having an active surface with connection pads and an inactive surface opposing the active surface;an encapsulant encapsulating at least portions of the core member and the semiconductor chip and filling at least a portion of the through-hole; anda connection member on the core member and the active surface of the semiconductor chip and including a redistribution layer electrically connected to the connection pads of the semiconductor chip,wherein the core member includes a groove portion penetrating from a wall of the through-hole up to an outer side surface of the core member in a lower portion of the core member on which the connection member is disposed.2. The fan-out semiconductor package of claim 1 , wherein the encapsulant fills at least a portion of the groove portion.3. The fan-out semiconductor package of claim 1 , wherein the groove portion includes first to fourth groove portions in four corners of the lower portion of the core member claim 1 , respectively.4. The fan-out semiconductor package of claim 3 ,wherein the core member includes a fifth groove portion penetrating through the ...

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

A semiconductor device includes a plurality of active fins defined by an isolation layer on a substrate, a gate structure on the active fins and the isolation layer, and a gate spacer structure covering a sidewall of the gate structure. A sidewall of the gate structure includes first, second, and third regions having first, second, and third slopes, respectively. The second slope increases from a bottom toward a top of the second region. The second slope has a value at the bottom of the second region less than the first slope. The third slope is greater than the second slope. 1. A semiconductor device comprising:a substrate;a plurality of active fins disposed on the substrate and including a first fin and a second fin;an isolation layer disposed on the substrate and disposed between the first fin and the second fin;a gate structure disposed on the plurality of active fins and the isolation layer, and including a gate insulation pattern and a gate electrode disposed on the gate insulation pattern, the gate insulation pattern covering a bottom surface and a sidewall of the gate electrode;a first gate spacer disposed on a sidewall of gate structure; anda second gate spacer disposed on a sidewall of the first gate spacer,wherein the gate structure includes a first portion disposed on the first fin and a second portion disposed on the isolation layer,a width of a lower portion of the first portion of the gate structure is the same as a width of an upper portion of the first portion of the gate structure,a width of a lower portion of the second portion of the gate structure is greater than a width of an upper portion of the second portion of the gate structure, anda thickness of a first portion of the first gate spacer is greater than a thickness of a second portion of the first gate spacer.2. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , further comprising:a source/drain disposed on the first fin; anda fin spacer structure disposed on a sidewall of the source/drain layer.3. The ...

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE INCLUDING ISOLATION REGIONS

A semiconductor device including a device isolation region is provided. The semiconductor device includes first active regions disposed on a substrate, and an isolation region between the active regions. The isolation region includes a first portion formed of a first insulating material, and a second portion formed of a second insulating material, having different characteristics from those of the first insulating material. The first portion is closer to the first active regions than the second portion. The second portion has a bottom surface having a height different from that of a bottom surface of the first portion. 1. A semiconductor device comprising:first active regions comprising first sides arranged in a first direction and second sides arranged in a second direction, perpendicular to the first direction;second active regions comprising third sides arranged in the first direction and fourth sides arranged in the second direction;a first isolation region adjacent the first and second sides of one of the first active regions;a second isolation region adjacent the third sides of one of the second active regions; anda third isolation region adjacent the fourth sides of one of the second active regions, wherein the first active regions are spaced apart from each other by a first distance in the first direction,wherein the second active regions are spaced apart from each other by a second distance, shorter than the first distance, in the first direction,wherein the first isolation region and the second isolation region each comprise a first insulating material, andwherein the first isolation region further comprises a second insulating material.2. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the first insulating material is adjacent the one of the first active regions; andwherein the second insulating material is adjacent the first insulating material and is opposite the first active region.3. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the second insulating ...

MEMORY SCHEDULING METHOD AND METHOD OF OPERATING MEMORY SYSTEM

Disclosed is a method of operating a memory system which executes a plurality of commands including a write command and a trim command. The memory system includes a memory device, which includes a plurality of blocks. The method further includes performing garbage collection for generating a free block, calculating a workload level in performing the garbage collection, and changing a command schedule based on the workload level. 1. A method of operating a metnory system , the method comprising:performing garbage collection on a plurality of blocks for securing a free block;calculating a workload level for the performing garbage collection; andchanging a command schedule based on the calculated workload level.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein 'generating a victim block list based on the plurality of blocks such that the victim block list includes a victim block, the garbage collection being performed on the victim block; and', 'the performing garbage collection further comprises,'}the calculating the workload level is based on at least one of valid page ratios or number of valid pages of the plurality of blocks of the victim block list.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the generating the victim block list includes detecting N number of blocks in an ascending order of garbage collection costs claim 2 , N is a natural number.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the calculating the workload level further comprises claim 1 ,calculating a number of non-free blocks among the plurality of blocks; andcalculating the workload level based on the number of the non-free blocks.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 ,executing the plurality of commands based on a priority order; andwherein the changing the command schedule includes changing the priority order when the workload level is equal to or higher than a reference level.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the changing priority order includes changing an execution priority of the trim command to a priority ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING MULTI-CHIP PACKAGE

A multi-chip package includes a package substrate including a first substrate pad, a first group of semiconductor chips stacked on the package substrate, each of the first group of the semiconductor chips including bonding pads, first stud bumps arranged on the bonding pads of the first group of the semiconductor chips except for a lowermost semiconductor chip in the first group, a first conductive wire downwardly extended from the bonding pad of the lowermost semiconductor chip in the first group and connected to the first substrate pad, and a second conductive wire upwardly extended from the bonding pad of the lowermost semiconductor chip in the first group and sequentially connected to the first stud bumps. 130.-. (canceled)31. A method of manufacturing a multi-chip package , the method comprising:stacking a first group of semiconductor chips on a package substrate including a first substrate pad;forming first stud bumps on bonding pads of the first group of semiconductor chips except for a lowermost semiconductor chip in the first group of semiconductor chips;downwardly extending a first conductive wire from a bonding pad of the lowermost semiconductor chip in the first group of semiconductor chips to connect the first conductive wire with the first substrate pad; andupwardly extending a second conductive wire from the bonding pad of the lowermost semiconductor chip in the first group of semiconductor chips to sequentially connect the second conductive wire with the first stud bumps,wherein the second conductive wire is a single wire continuously extending from the lowermost semiconductor chip to the first stud bumps in a steplike shape.32. The method as claimed in claim 31 , wherein stacking the first group of semiconductor chips includes stacking the first group of semiconductor chips in a steplike shape to expose the bonding pads.33. The method as claimed in claim 31 , wherein downwardly extending the first conductive wire from the bonding pad of the ...

SEMICONDUCTOR CHIP, ELECTRONIC DEVICE HAVING THE SAME AND METHOD OF CONNECTING SEMICONDUCTOR CHIP TO ELECTRONIC DEVICE

Provided herein may be an electronic device. The electronic device may include a substrate provided with a plurality of connecting pads including a first metal, a semiconductor chip on an area of the substrate, facing the connecting pads, and including a base substrate including a first surface facing the substrate, and a second surface opposite the first surface, a plurality of connecting terminals on the first surface, facing the connecting pads, and including a second metal, and a non-adhesive polymer layer on the second surface, and a conductive joining layer electrically connecting, and interposed between, respective ones of the connecting pads to the connecting terminals, and including a diffusion layer in which the first metal and the second metal are mixed. 1. An electronic device comprising:a substrate provided with a plurality of connecting pads comprising a first metal; a base substrate comprising a first surface facing the substrate, and a second surface opposite the first surface;', 'a plurality of connecting terminals on the first surface, facing the connecting pads, and comprising a second metal; and', 'a non-adhesive polymer layer on the second surface; and, 'a semiconductor chip on an area of the substrate, facing the connecting pads, and comprisinga conductive joining layer electrically connecting, and interposed between, respective ones of the connecting pads to the connecting terminals, and comprising a diffusion layer in which the first metal and the second metal are mixed.2. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the polymer layer comprises at least one of silicon sealant claim 1 , photocurable resin claim 1 , polydimethylsiloxane and polyurethane.3. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the polymer layer comprises insulating material that is softer than material of the base substrate.4. The electronic device of provided with a display panel comprising the substrate.5. The electronic device of claim 4 , wherein the polymer layer ...

MULTI-CHIP PACKAGE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A multi-chip package includes a package substrate including a first substrate pad, a first group of semiconductor chips stacked on the package substrate, each of the first group of the semiconductor chips including bonding pads, first stud bumps arranged on the bonding pads of the first group of the semiconductor chips except for a lowermost semiconductor chip in the first group, a first conductive wire downwardly extended from the bonding pad of the lowermost semiconductor chip in the first group and connected to the first substrate pad, and a second conductive wire upwardly extended from the bonding pad of the lowermost semiconductor chip in the first group and sequentially connected to the first stud bumps. 1. A multi-chip package , comprising:a package substrate including a first substrate pad;a first group of semiconductor chips stacked on the package substrate, each one of the semiconductor chips in the first group including at least one bonding pad;first stud bumps arranged on the bonding pads of the first group of the semiconductor chips except for a lowermost semiconductor chip in the first group;a first conductive wire downwardly extended from the at least one bonding pad of the lowermost semiconductor chip in the first group and connected to the first substrate pad; anda second conductive wire upwardly extended from the at least one bonding pad of the lowermost semiconductor chip in the first group and sequentially connected to the first stud bumps.2. The multi-chip package as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor chips in the first group are stacked in a steplike shape to expose the bonding pads.3. The multi-chip package as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor chips in the first group have substantially a same size.4. The multi-chip package as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first conductive wire includes a first ball attached to the at least one bonding pad of the lowermost semiconductor chip in the first group of the semiconductor ...

Ampule Autoinjector Systems and Methods

An autoinjector is described that includes an outer body, a first trigger, an output needle, and a first compartment. The first compartment is positioned within the outer body and includes (i) a main body, (ii) a first biasing member coupled to the first trigger, and (iii) a protrusion positioned at a distal end of the main body. The autoinjector further includes a second compartment positioned in the outer body and in fluid communication with the first compartment and the output needle. The autoinjector also includes a second biasing member coupled to a second trigger. The first biasing member is configured to, upon application of force to the first trigger, automatically move an ampule in a distal direction relative to the main body to force the ampule against the protrusion, so as to break the ampule and allow a medicament to flow from the ampule to the second compartment.

DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device includes a first non-folding area and a second non-folding area, a display panel disposed in the first non-folding area and the second non-folding area, a leveling layer on the display panel in the first non-folding area, a protection window on the leveling layer in the first non-folding area, and a transmission control layer on the display panel in the second non-folding area. A thickness of the transmission control layer is substantially equal to a sum of a thickness of the leveling layer and a thickness of the protection window. 1. A display device comprising:a first non-folding area and a second non-folding area;a display panel disposed in the first non-folding area and the second non-folding area;a leveling layer disposed on the display panel in the first non-folding area;a protection window disposed on the leveling layer in the first non-folding area; anda transmission control layer disposed on the display panel in the second non-folding area,wherein a thickness of the transmission control layer is substantially equal to a sum of a thickness of the leveling layer and a thickness of the protection window.2. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the transmission control layer comprises a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer.3. The display device of claim 2 , wherein a refractive index anisotropy of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer is in a range of about 0.1 to about 0.25.4. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the transmittance control layer has a transmittance in a range of about 5% to about 95%.5. The display device of claim 1 , further comprising:a protective film disposed on the transmission control layer and the protection window and extending from the first non-folding area to the second non-folding area.6. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the display panel in the second non-folding area comprises a display-transmission area comprising a plurality of pixels and at least one transmissive area.7. The display device of ...

STORAGE CONTROLLER, OPERATION METHOD THEREOF

A storage controller and an operating method of the storage controller are provided. The storage controller includes processing circuitry configured to read sub-stripe data from each of a plurality of non-volatile memory devices connected with a RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk), check error information of at least one of the sub-stripe data, and perform a RAID recovery operation in response to the at least one of the sub-stripe data having an uncorrectable error, and a RAID memory which stores calculation results of the RAID recovery operation. 1. A storage controller comprising: read sub-stripe data from each of a plurality of non-volatile memory devices connected with a Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk (RAID),', 'check error information of at least one of the sub-stripe data, and', 'perform a RAID recovery operation in response to the at least one of the sub-stripe data having an uncorrectable error; and, 'processing circuitry configured to'}a RAID memory configured to store calculation results of the RAID recovery operation.2. The storage controller of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:store an execution count value;increase the execution count value each time the sub-stripe data is read;store a failure count value; andincrease the execution count value in response to the sub-stripe data having the uncorrectable error.3. The storage controller of claim 2 , wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:read the sub-stripe data; andexecute the RAID recovery operation on the basis of the error information, until the execution count value becomes equal to a total number of sub-stripes.4. The storage controller of claim 2 , wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to perform the RAID recovery operation byperforming an XOR calculation on all the sub-stripe data in which no error is detected, and storing an XOR calculation result in the RAID memory, and extracting the stored calculation result as ...

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE INCLUDING ISOLATION REGIONS

A semiconductor device including a device isolation region is provided. The semiconductor device includes first active regions disposed on a substrate, and an isolation region between the active regions. The isolation region includes a first portion formed of a first insulating material, and a second portion formed of a second insulating material, having different characteristics from those of the first insulating material. The first portion is closer to the first active regions than the second portion. The second portion has a bottom surface having a height different from that of a bottom surface of the first portion. 1. A semiconductor device comprising:first active regions adjacent to each other;second active regions adjacent to each other;a first isolation region between the first active regions; anda second isolation region between the second active regions,wherein the first isolation region comprises a first portion comprising a first insulating material, and a second portion comprising a second insulating material having characteristics different from those of the first insulating material,wherein the second portion has side surfaces opposing each other,wherein the side surfaces of the second portion contact the first portion,wherein a width in a horizontal direction of the first isolation region is greater than a width in the horizontal direction of the second isolation region, andwherein a center region between an upper region and a lower region of the second isolation region comprises the first insulating material.2. The semiconductor device of claim 1 ,wherein the second insulating material is harder than the first insulating material, the second insulating material is denser than the first insulating material, and/or the second insulating material has a second oxide etchant etching rate lower than a first oxide etchant etching rate of the first insulating material.3. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein a width in the horizontal direction of the ...

MOTOR HAVING COOLING STRUCTURE

A motor having a cooling structure includes a rotor fixed to a rotatable motor shaft, a rotor coil formed adjacent the rotor, a coil protection cover disposed adjacent the rotor coil, mounted in the motor shaft, and having a coolant chamber filled with a coolant. The motor further includes a stator fixed adjacent an exterior circumference of the rotor and may include a cover in which one end portion of the motor shaft is rotatably penetrated having a cooling pin at an internal side surface opposite one side surface of the coil protection cover. The coolant filled in the coolant chamber of the coil protection cover receives heat generated in the rotor coil, and, by effectively emitting the heat to the outside through the cooling pin formed in a rear cover, durability of the entire motor can be improved, and failure of peripheral parts can be prevented. 1. A motor having a cooling structure , comprising:a rotor that is fixed to a rotatable motor shaft;a rotor coil adjacent the rotor;a coil protection cover that is disposed adjacent the rotor coil, mounted in the motor shaft, and having a coolant chamber is filled with a coolant; anda stator fixed adjacent an exterior circumference of the rotor.2. The motor of claim 1 , further comprising a cover in which one end portion of the motor shaft is rotatably penetrated and has a cooling pin disposed at an internal side surface opposite to one side surface of the coil protection cover.3. The motor of claim 2 , wherein the cover is a rear cover disposed at the rear side of the motor shaft.4. The motor of claim 2 , wherein claim 2 , in a central part of the coil protection cover claim 2 , a shaft hole in which the motor shaft penetrates is formed claim 2 , andthe coolant chamber is formed in a rotating direction of the motor shaft at the inside of the coil protection cover.5. The motor of claim 2 , wherein the cooling pin is formed in a rotating direction of the coil protection cover rotating together with the motor shaft.6. ...

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a gate structure on the substrate and a first conductive connection group on the gate structure. The gate structure includes a gate spacer and a gate electrode. The first conductive connection group includes a ferroelectric material layer. At least a part of the ferroelectric material layer is disposed above an upper surface of the gate spacer. And the ferroelectric material layer forms a ferroelectric capacitor having a negative capacitance in the first conductive connection group. 120-. (canceled)22. The semiconductor device of claim 21 ,wherein the field region of the substrate is a portion in which a deep trench is formed, andwherein the active region of the substrate is defined by the deep trench.23. The semiconductor device of claim 21 ,wherein the substrate is provided with a protruding pattern disposed in the field region of the substrate and protruding from the substrate.24. The semiconductor device of claim 23 , further comprising:a field insulating layer between the substrate and the gate electrode,wherein the field insulating layer covers an upper surface of the protruding pattern of the substrate.25. The semiconductor device of claim 21 ,wherein the gate contact plug includes the ferroelectric material layer.26. The semiconductor device of claim 25 ,wherein the gate structure includes a capping pattern on the gate electrode, andwherein the gate contact plug penetrates the capping pattern.27. The semiconductor device of claim 25 ,wherein the gate contact plug further includes a barrier conductive layer and a filling conductive layer, andwherein the ferroelectric material layer is disposed between the barrier conductive layer and the filling conductive layer.28. The semiconductor device of claim 21 ,wherein the first conductive connection group further includes a first via plug and a first interlayer wiring,wherein the first via plug is in contact with the gate contact plug, andwherein the first via plug ...

APPARATUS FOR DETECTING SLURRY SPREAD VOLUME USING TERAHERTZ WAVE, SPREAD SYSTEM AND DETECTING METHOD USING THE SAME

A measurement apparatus for measuring a coating amount of a slurry according to the present disclosure includes a light emitter configured to irradiate terahertz wave onto a release paper coated with the slurry, a light receiver configured to receive the terahertz wave, which is irradiated from the light emitter and passes through the release paper coated with the slurry, to obtain a power of the terahertz wave, and a calculating part configured to calculate a thickness of an electrode, formed from the slurry applied to the release paper, based on the power of the terahertz wave received by the light receiver. 1. A measurement apparatus comprising:a light emitter configured to irradiate terahertz wave onto a release paper coated with a slurry;a light receiver configured to receive the terahertz wave, which is irradiated from the light emitter and passes through the release paper coated with the slurry, to obtain a power of the terahertz wave; anda calculating part configured to calculate a thickness of an electrode, formed from the slurry applied to the release paper, based on the power of the terahertz wave received by the light receiver.2. The measurement apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the calculating part is further configured to calculate a platinum content of the slurry based on the power of the terahertz wave received by the light receiver and to calculate the thickness of the electrode based on the platinum content of the slurry calculated by the calculating part.3. The measurement apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the light emitter includes a light emitting member that irradiates a continuous wave laser.4. The measurement apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the light emitting member emits the terahertz wave having a frequency of 0.1 THz or more and 10 THz or less.5. The measurement apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a notifier configured to transmit a notification to a user when the thickness of the electrode calculated by the calculating part is outside a ...

ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF

An electronic device capable of controlling an access right of an application and a controlling method thereof are provided. The controlling method of the electronic device for executing the application includes, in response to an event for inquiring about whether to allow an access right to a function of the electronic device required for executing an application, displaying a user interface (UI) to confirm whether to allow the access right, and in response to a user command being input through the UI, matching and storing a state of the application according to the event and a determination of whether to allow the access right according to the user command. 1. A controlling method of an electronic device for executing an application , the method comprising:in response to an event for inquiring about whether to allow an access right to a function of the electronic device required for executing an application, displaying a user interface (UI) to confirm whether to allow the access right; andin response to a user command being input through the UI, matching and storing a state of the application according to the event and a determination of whether to allow the access right according to the user command.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the displaying of the UI comprises claim 1 , in response to a change of an execution status of the application claim 1 , displaying a UI for inquiring about whether to allow the access right to the function of the electronic device corresponding to the application.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:changing an execution status of the application from a status executed in a foreground to a status executed in a background; andin response to a change of the application from the foreground status to the background status, matching and storing a function corresponding to the background status with the determination of whether to allow the access right to the function.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:in response to ...

ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND CONTROL METHOD THEREFOR

An electronic device is disclosed. An electronic device comprises: a first memory in which an operating system and an application program executed on the operating system are stored; a second memory; a processor for loading at least some codes among codes corresponding to an application program from the first memory to the second memory, and when access information of the codes loaded in the second memory is received from a kernel of an operating system, accessing an area in which the loaded codes are stored, on the basis of the received information and executing the application program; and a snoop for monitoring access to an area in which a preset code, the access of which has been limited, from among codes loaded in the second memory is stored. 1. An electronic device comprising:a first memory storing an operating system, and an application program executed in the operating system;a second memory;a processor configured to:load some codes among codes corresponding to the application program from the first memory to the second memory, andbased on access information of the codes loaded in the second memory being received from a kernel of the operating system, execute the application program by accessing an area in which the loaded codes are stored, based on the received information; anda snoop configured to monitor access to an area in which a predetermined code, the access to which has been limited, among the codes loaded in the second memory is stored,wherein the processor is configured to, based on a first command indicating a start of the predetermined code being executed, transmit a first control signal for stopping the monitoring the access to the area in the second memory in which the predetermined code is stored, to the snoop.2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to claim 1 , based on a second command indicating an end of the predetermined code being executed claim 1 , transmit a second control signal for restarting the ...

Organic light-emitting device

Provided is an organic light-emitting device including: an anode; a cathode facing the anode; two or more light-emitting layers provided between the anode and the cathode and each having a maximum light emission peak of ≤500 nm (≤500 nm emission layer); and a light-emitting layer provided between the two or more ≤500 nm emission layers, and having a maximum light emission peak at >500 nm (>500 nm emission layer), where a distance from the anode to the ≤500 nm emission layer most adjacent to the anode is 100 nm to 200 nm, the distance from the anode to the ≤500 nm emission most adjacent to the cathode is three to four times the distance from the anode to the ≤500 nm emission layer most adjacent to the anode, and an N-type charge generation layer including an alkali metal and a P-type charge generation layer including a material with an electron affinity of ≥4.8 eV are provided between each of the ≤500 nm emission layers and the emission >500 nm emission layer.

DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device includes a light source, a mirror reflection guide member, a diffusion reflection member, and a display panel. The light source extends in a first direction and is configured to emit light. The mirror reflection guide member is configured to: support the light source, and guide at least some of the light to a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The mirror reflection guide member includes a plurality of guide patterns extending in the second direction and arranged in the first direction. The diffusion reflection member is configured to guide at least some of the light to a third direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second directions. The display panel is disposed on the mirror reflection guide member and the diffusion reflection member and is configured to display an image using the light guided by the diffusion reflection member. 1. A display device , comprising:a light source extending in a first direction, the light source being configured to emit light; support the light source, and', 'guide at least some of the light emitted from the light source to a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction;, 'a mirror reflection guide member configured toa diffusion reflection member configured to guide at least some of the light emitted from the light source to a third direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second directions, a portion of the diffusion reflection member being disposed on a portion of the mirror reflection guide member; anda display panel disposed on the mirror reflection guide member and the diffusion reflection member, the display panel being configured to display an image using light guided by the diffusion reflection member,wherein either the portion of the mirror reflection guide member or the portion of the diffusion reflection member comprises a plurality of cut away patterns.2. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the portion of the mirror ...

ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DISPLAYING IMAGE FOR IRIS RECOGNITION IN ELECTRONIC DEVICE

Disclosed are various embodiments related to iris authentication technology for electronic devices. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an electronic device may include a camera, a display, and a processor configured to display a first image on the display when a distance between the electronic device and an object included in an image captured by the camera is a first distance and to display a second image associated with the first image on the display when the distance between the electronic device and the object included in the image captured by the camera is a second distance different from the first distance. Other various embodiments are also available. 1. An electronic device , comprising:a camera;a display; anda processor configured to display a first image on the display when a distance between the electronic device and an object included in an image captured by the camera is a first distance and to display a second image associated with the first image on the display when the distance between the electronic device and the object included in the image captured by the camera is a second distance different from the first distance.2. The electronic device of claim 1 , further comprising a storage unit storing a first iris image claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to perform authentication using the first iris image and the object included in the captured image when the distance between the electronic device and the object included in the image captured by the camera is a distance within an iris-recognizable range.3. The electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the storage unit further stores a plurality of images claim 2 , wherein the processor is configured to display a first image selected corresponding to the first distance among the plurality of images when the distance between the object and the electronic device is the first distance and a second image selected corresponding to the second distance among the plurality of images ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR WATERPROOFING TEST OF VEHICLE

Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for a waterproofing test of a vehicle. The apparatus for a waterproofing test of a vehicle includes: a terahertz wave oscillating unit to oscillate a terahertz wave and irradiate the terahertz wave to a specific test part, a terahertz wave detecting unit to detect the terahertz wave reflected by the test part, and a control unit to determine whether water penetrated into the test part by comparing actual power of the terahertz detected by the terahertz wave detecting unit with a predetermined reference power. 1. An apparatus for a waterproofing test of a vehicle , the apparatus comprising:a terahertz wave oscillating unit configured to oscillate a terahertz wave and irradiate the terahertz wave to a test part of the vehicle;a terahertz wave detecting unit configured to detect the terahertz wave reflected by the test part; anda control unit configured to determine whether water penetrated into the test part by comparing an actual power of the terahertz wave detected by the terahertz wave detecting unit with a predetermined reference power.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined reference power is power of a terahertz wave reflected by a reference part which has the same stack structure as the test part and is in a state in which the water has not penetrated into the reference part.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the test part is a specific part including: a vehicle body frame formed of a material that totally reflects the terahertz wave claim 1 , and an interior material stacked to cover the vehicle body frame and formed of a material which the terahertz wave transmits by a specific ratio claim 1 , andwherein the terahertz wave oscillating unit is configured to input the terahertz wave to the vehicle body frame through the interior material.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the control unit tracks whether energy of the terahertz wave was absorbed by the water that penetrated into the test part while ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR WATER-PROOFING TEST

The present disclosure provides a device for a water-proofing test, the device including: a terahertz wave oscillator configured to generate and oscillate a terahertz wave; a terahertz wave detector configured to detect the terahertz wave reflected from a predetermined test area of a test target or transmitted through the predetermined test area; and a controller configured to analyze a frequency spectrum of the terahertz wave to determine whether water is penetrated into the predetermined test area. 1. A device for a water-proofing test , the device comprising:a terahertz wave oscillator configured to generate and oscillate a terahertz wave;a terahertz wave detector configured to detect the terahertz wave reflected from a predetermined test area of a test target or transmitted through the predetermined test area; anda controller configured to analyze a frequency spectrum of the terahertz wave detected by the terahertz wave detector to determine whether water is penetrated into the predetermined test area.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device further comprises:an evaporator configured to apply heat to the predetermined test area such that the water is phase-transformed into water vapor.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the evaporator comprises:a guide laser beam oscillator configured to generate and oscillate a guide laser beam for evaporating the water; anda guide laser beam irradiator configured to irradiate the guide laser beam to the predetermined test area.4. The device of claim 2 , wherein the terahertz wave oscillator is configured to oscillate the terahertz wave when the evaporator applies the heat to the predetermined test area.5. The device of claim 2 , wherein the controller is configured to determine whether the water is penetrated into the predetermined test area by comparing power of the terahertz wave having at least one peak frequency with power of the terahertz wave having remaining frequency bands excluding the at least one peak frequency ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR JUDGING SENSIBILITY OF SMELL

An electronic nose apparatus is capable of replacing the olfactory sense of human. An apparatus and method for judging sensibility of a smell form olfactory characteristics of smells as data and judge the type and intensity of the smell based on the data. Particularly, a smell pattern is implemented as a database, and the sensibility of the smell of unknown gas is judged based on the implemented data, thus providing information on the sensibility of the smell. The apparatus and method implement detecting a gas via a sensor apparatus, comparing a detection pattern detected via the sensor apparatus with a smell sensibility pattern on a previously stored database to analyze the detection pattern, determining a most approximate smell sensibility pattern, based on the comparison, and judging smell sensibility of the detection gas based on the determined smell sensibility pattern. 1. A method for judging sensibility of a smell comprising:detecting a gas via a sensor apparatus;comparing a detection pattern detected via the sensor apparatus with a smell sensibility pattern on a previously stored database to analyze the detection pattern;determining a most approximate smell sensibility pattern, based on the comparison; andjudging smell sensibility of the detection gas based on the determined smell sensibility pattern.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sensor apparatus comprises a sensor array including a plurality of sensors claim 1 , and each of the smell sensibility pattern and the detection pattern is a pattern based on detection values of respective sensors of the sensor array.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein each of the smell sensibility pattern and the detection pattern is a pattern obtained by radially expressing the detection values of the respective sensors.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:selecting a sensor depending on an object to be detected, prior to detecting the gas.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the smell sensibility pattern comprises ...

PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD AND DISPLAY DEVICE HAVING THE SAME

A display device includes a printed circuit board (PCB), two sides of the PCB extending in first and second directions, respectively, the first and second directions crossing each other, pad group areas being defined in the PCB and arranged along the first direction; and a display panel electrically connected to the PCB through the pad group areas, the PCB including: first pads in each of the pad group areas and arranged along a third direction crossing the first and second directions; and second pads in each of the pad group areas, arranged along the third direction, and spaced apart from the first pads, wherein a portion of the first pads is in the first pad area, an other portion of the first pads and a portion of the second pads are in the second pad area, and an other portion of the second pad is in the third pad area. 1. A display device comprising:a printed circuit board, two sides of the printed circuit board extending in first and second directions, respectively, the first and second directions crossing each other, a plurality of pad group areas being defined in the printed circuit board and arranged along the first direction; and first column pads in each of the pad group areas and arranged along a third direction crossing the first and second directions; and', 'second column pads in each of the pad group areas, arranged along the third direction, and spaced apart from the first column pads,', 'wherein each of the pad group areas comprises first, second, and third pad areas sequentially arranged along the second direction, a portion of the first column pads is in the first pad area, an other portion of the first column pads and a portion of the second column pads are in the second pad area, an other portion of the second column pad is in the third pad area, and each of the second column pads has an area greater than an area of each of the first column pads., 'a display panel electrically connected to the printed circuit board through the pad group areas, ...

Apparatus and Method for Processing Edge of Eyeglass Lens

Disclosed is an apparatus for processing lens edge. The apparatus comprises: a wheel-shaft-moving rotating member whose one end is fixed to a fixing frame by a moving-shaft, for moving pivotally about the moving-shaft; a wheel-shaft mounted on the other end of the wheel-shaft-moving rotating member, for moving pivotally with the wheel-shaft-moving rotating member and for being rotated by driving a wheel-rotating motor; and a cutter for processing the lens edge into a form of a step/incline shape, the cutter being coupled to one end of the wheel shaft to move with the wheel-shaft to contact the lens edge, and rotated with the wheel-shaft to cut the surface of the lens, and the cutter comprising a rotating body inserted into the wheel-shaft to rotate with the wheel-shaft, and at least one cutting projection formed on the circumference of the rotating body to cut the edge and the periphery of the lens. 1. An apparatus for processing edge of eyeglass lens comprising:{'b': 36', '36', '36, 'i': a', 'a;, 'a wheel-shaft-moving rotating member whose one end is fixed to a fixing frame by a moving shaft , for moving pivotally about the moving shaft'}{'b': 34', '36', '36', '44, 'a wheel shaft mounted on the other end of the wheel-shaft-moving rotating member , for moving pivotally together with the wheel-shaft-moving rotating member and for being rotated by a driving of a wheel-rotating motor ; and'}{'b': '50', 'a cutter for processing the edge surface of the eyeglass lens into a form of a step shape and an incline shape,'}{'b': 50', '34', '34', '34, 'the cutter being coupled to one end of the wheel shaft to move together with the wheel shaft so as to contact the edge surface of the eyeglass lens, and being rotated together with the wheel shaft so as to cut the edge surface of the eyeglass lens, and'}{'b': 50', '52', '34', '34', '54', '52, 'wherein the cutter comprises a rotating body inserted into the wheel shaft to rotate together with the wheel shaft , and at least one ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

There is provided a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device including a substrate including a plurality of active regions, a plurality of gate electrodes extending in a first direction to intersect a portion of the plurality of active regions, and including first and second gate electrodes disposed to be adjacent to each other in the first direction, a gate isolation portion disposed between the first and second gate electrodes. The gate isolation portion includes a first layer and second layers disposed on both ends of the first layer in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. 1. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device , the method comprising:forming a structure including a sacrificial pattern layer on a substrate, the sacrificial pattern layer having a line shape extending in a first direction and including first and second parts;forming a mask layer exposing the first part of the sacrificial pattern layer;removing the first part of the sacrificial pattern layer exposed by the mask layer to form an opening in the structure;forming a first layer of a pattern isolation portion covering at least a portion of an inner wall of the opening including a side surface of the second part exposed through the opening;forming a second layer of the pattern isolation portion filling the opening;removing the second part of the sacrificial pattern layer;removing at least a portion of the first layer exposed by removing the second part of the sacrificial pattern layer; andforming a conductive pattern layer in a region formed by removing the second part of the sacrificial pattern layer and the portion of the first layer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second parts of the sacrificial pattern layer are alternately disposed in the first direction claim 1 , and the sacrificial pattern layer is cut by removing the first part of the sacrificial pattern layer.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conductive pattern layer extends in the ...

USER INTERFACE APPARATUS AND METHOD IN USER TERMINAL WITH A CAPACITIVE TOUCH INPUT SCHEME

A user interface apparatus and method in a user terminal that uses a capacitive touch input scheme are provided. The method includes monitoring an input signal that is generated by a touch on a touch panel; and in response to detecting an input signal generated by the touch, determining an area of the touch based on the input signal, and differently processing a selected command depending on the determined area. 1. A user interface method of a user terminal that uses a capacitive touch input scheme , the user interface method comprising:in response to detecting an input signal caused by a touch on a touch panel, determining an area of the touch based on the input signal; anddifferently processing a selected command depending on the calculated area.2. The user interface method of claim 1 , wherein the determining the area of the touch comprises:identifying an input tool that was used during the touch, based on the input signal; andin response to the identified input tool being an input tool whose touch area is variable, determining an area of the touch based on the input signal.3. The user interface method of claim 2 , further comprising:setting a first input tool whose touch area can be changed during a touch on the touch panel, and a second input tool whose touch area can not be changed during a touch on the touch panel;setting commands which are to be processed in response to an input made by the first input tool; andsetting commands which are to be processed in response to an input made by the second input tool.4. The user interface method of claim 3 , wherein the processing comprises:in response to the selected command being a command to delete information displayed on a screen, deleting information displayed on the screen depending on the determined area.5. The user interface method of claim 4 , wherein the processing comprises:in response to the input tool used for the touch being the first input tool and the selected command being a command to delete ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OPERATING ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH COVER

A method includes detecting whether a cover covers the at least one portion of the display, receiving a call signal, displaying an information related to the reception of the call signal on the at least one portion of the display in response to the reception of the telephone call reception signal, detecting an external object that is adjacent to a surface of the display, and connecting a call in response to the detection of the adjacency of the external object. An electronic device includes a controller configured to cause the display to display receiving a call through the window in response to receiving the call while the cover is detected to cover the display, and control the call to be connected in response to detecting an external object that is adjacent to a surface of the display. 1. A method of operating an electronic device comprising a display , the method comprising:detecting whether a cover covers the at least one portion of the display;receiving a call signal while the cover is detected to cover the at least one portion of the display;displaying an information related to the reception of the call signal on the at least one portion of the display in response to the reception of the call signal while the cover is detected to cover the at least one portion of the display;detecting an external object that is adjacent to a surface of the display while the cover covers the at least one portion of the display; andconnecting a call in response to detecting the external object while the cover covers the at least one portion of the display.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein detecting the adjacent external object is performed by at least one sensor provided to the electronic device.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein detecting the adjacent external object is performed by a user gesture of moving the electronic device.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:acquiring sensing information on a first gesture of a user is detected.5. The method of claim 4 , ...

SURFACE INSPECTION APPARATUS FOR SEMICONDUCTOR CHIPS

A surface inspection apparatus and method of inspecting chip surfaces includes a laser generator that generates a periodic CW laser and is transformed into an inspection laser beam having a beam size smaller than a surface size of the chip. Thus, the inspection laser beam is irradiated onto a plurality of the semiconductor chips such that the semiconductor chips are partially and simultaneously heated. Thermal waves are detected in response to the inspection laser beam and thermal images are generated corresponding to the thermal waves. A surface image is generated by a lock-in thermography technique and hold exponent analysis of the thermal image, thereby generating surface image in which a surface defect is included. Time and accuracy of the surface inspection process is improved. 1. An apparatus for inspecting surfaces of semiconductor chips , comprising:a laser generator generating a periodic continuous wave (CW) laser;a laser controller transforming the periodic CW laser into an inspection laser beam of which a beam size is smaller than a surface size of the semiconductor chip and irradiating the inspection laser beam onto a plurality of the semiconductor chips such that the semiconductor chips are partially and simultaneously heated by the inspection laser beam;a thermal image generator detecting thermal waves radiated from the semiconductor chips in response to the inspection laser beam and generating thermal images corresponding to the thermal waves; anda lock-in processor processing the thermal image using a lock-in thermography technique, thereby generating a lock-in thermography image of the thermal image in which a surface defect is included.2. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the laser generator includes:a function generator generating a periodic waveform voltage in response to a trigger signal;a modulating driver amplifying the waveform voltage and converting the waveform voltage into a modulated current having a period of the periodic waveform ...

BACKLIGHT UNIT AND DISPLAY DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME

A backlight unit includes a light source which generates a first light; a quantum dots member which is spaced apart from the light source by a first distance and converts the first light into a second light; a guide member which lengthwise extends in a first direction and fixes positions of the light source and the quantum dots member; and an optical member which reflects the second light. The guide member guides the first light from the light source to the quantum dots member and guides the second light from the quantum dots member to the optical member. 1. A backlight unit comprising:a light source which generates a first light;a quantum dots member which is spaced apart from the light source by a first distance and converts the first light into a second light;a guide member which lengthwise extends in a first direction and fixes positions of the light source and the quantum dots member; andan optical member which reflects the second light,wherein the guide member guides the first light from the light source to the quantum dots member and guides the second light from the quantum dots member to the optical member.2. The backlight unit of claim 1 , further comprising an optical sheet which is above the guide member and the optical member claim 1 , redirects the second light into a third light and provides the third light to a display panel claim 1 ,3. The backlight unit of claim 2 , wherein the first light is a blue light claim 2 , the second light is a white light claim 2 , and the optical sheet diffuses the white light from the optical member and concentrates the white light in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the display panel to generate the third light.4. The backlight unit of claim 1 , wherein the guide member comprises:a body part which is perpendicular to a bottom part of a protection member accommodating the backlight unit, disposed at a side wall part of the protection member, and lengthwise extends in the first direction; anda first reflection part ...

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE INCLUDING ISOLATION REGIONS

A semiconductor device including a device isolation region is provided. The semiconductor device includes first active regions disposed on a substrate, and an isolation region between the active regions. The isolation region includes a first portion formed of a first insulating material, and a second portion formed of a second insulating material, having different characteristics from those of the first insulating material. The first portion is closer to the first active regions than the second portion. The second portion has a bottom surface having a height different from that of a bottom surface of the first portion. 1. A semiconductor device comprising:first active regions spaced apart from each other and on a first circuit region of a semiconductor substrate;a first isolation region between the first active regions and on the first circuit region of the semiconductor substrate;a base active region on a second circuit region of the semiconductor substrate;second isolation regions spaced apart from each other and on the base active region;a second active region between the second isolation regions and on the base active region; anda third isolation region on a side surface of a structure including the base active region, the second isolation regions, and the second active region,wherein the first isolation region comprises first portions that contact the first active regions and a second portion between the first portions,wherein bottom surfaces of the first portions are at a different level than a bottom surface of the second portion,wherein the third isolation region comprises a third portion and a fourth portion, andwherein the third portion is on a bottom surface and a side surface of the fourth portion and contacts the side surface of the structure.2. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein a bottom surface of the first isolation region is at a different level than a bottom surface of the third isolation region.3. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , ...

ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND OPERATION METHOD THEREOF

An electronic device that prevents damage and an operation method thereof are provided. The electronic device includes a transceiver, a memory configured to store a first part of a first program, and a processor configured to receive, using the transceiver, a second part of the first program from a second electronic device and perform a first function of the first program by using the first part and the second part. 1. A first electronic device comprising:a transceiver;a memory configured to store a first part of a first program; and receive, using the transceiver, a second part of the first program from a second electronic device, and', 'perform a first function of the first program by using the first part and the second part., 'a processor configured to2. The first electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to:receive an encrypted second part from the second electronic device,generate a hash value using the first part and the encrypted second part,transmit the hash value to the second electronic device, andwhen the hash value has integrity, decrypt the encrypted second part that is received from the second electronic device by using a key for decrypting the encrypted second part.3. The first electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the processor is further configured to generate the first program by using the first part and the decrypted second part.4. The first electronic device of claim 3 , wherein the processor is further configured to delete the second part and the first program after performing the first function.5. The first electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the processor is further configured to:authenticate authentication information included in the encrypted second part, andgenerate the hash value according to a result of the authentication.6. The first electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to request claim 1 , from the second electronic device claim 1 , the second part for performing ...

POWER CONNECTOR FOR THERMOSTAT AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

Disclosed are a power connector of a thermostat and a manufacturing method thereof. A power connector for a thermostat an exemplary embodiment of the present invention connected with a lead wire included in a cartridge heater to supply power to the cartridge heater, the power connector for a thermostat including: a main body including an end connected with an external power terminal; two bus bar terminals including opposite ends partially protruding from an opposite end of the main body while ends of the bus bar terminals are inserted into the main body; a lower cover including one end connected with the main body at a lower portion of the main body, and formed therein with an insertion hole in which a lead wire of the cartridge heater is inserted; a ring terminal mounted inside the lower cover corresponding to the insertion hole to be connected with each bus bar terminal, wherein the lead wire inserted into the insertion hole is inserted and fixed into the ring terminal; and an upper cover coupled with the lower cover at a lower portion of the lower cover, wherein one end of the upper cover is connected with one end of the main body. 1. A power connector for a thermostat connected with a lead wire included in a cartridge heater to supply power to the cartridge heater , the power connector for a thermostat comprising:a main body including an end connected with an external power terminal;two bus bar terminals including opposite ends partially protruding from an opposite end of the main body while ends of the bus bar terminals are inserted into the main body;a lower cover including one end connected with the main body at a lower portion of the main body, and formed therein with an insertion hole in which a lead wire of the cartridge heater is inserted;a ring terminal mounted inside the lower cover corresponding to the insertion hole to be connected with each bus bar terminal, wherein the lead wire inserted into the insertion hole is inserted and fixed into the ring ...

FOLDABLE DISPLAY DEVICE

A foldable display device includes: a display panel; a window disposed on the display panel; and a functional member having an elastic modulus and being disposed between the display panel and the window or at least partially on the window, the functional member including a plurality of first discontinuities having a greater elastic modulus than the elastic modulus of the first functional member. 1. A foldable display device , comprising:a display panel;a window disposed on the display panel; anda functional member having an elastic modulus and being disposed between the display panel and the window or at least partially on the window, the functional member including a plurality of first discontinuities having a greater elastic modulus than the elastic modulus of the first functional member.2. The foldable display device of claim 1 , wherein the elastic modulus of the functional member is less than about 1 GPa claim 1 , wherein the elastic modulus of the first discontinuities is greater than or equal to about 1 GPa.3. The foldable display device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the functional member and the first discontinuities include a light transmitting material.4. The foldable display device of claim 1 , wherein the functional member comprises at least one of a polyamide and a polyurethane.5. The foldable display device of claim 1 , wherein the first discontinuities comprise poly(methyl methacrylate).6. The foldable display device of claim 1 , wherein the first discontinuities comprise first holes having a material therein.7. The foldable display device of claim 6 , wherein the first holes have a generally circular shape in a plan view with a diameter ranging from about 4 μm to about 100 μm.8. The foldable display device of claim 6 , wherein at least some of the first holes have a generally trapezoidal shape in a cross-sectional view.9. The foldable display device of claim 1 , wherein at least some of the first discontinuities comprise through holes passing ...

FILM FOR DISPLAY DEVICE, DISPLAY DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

A support film for a display device to support a display panel of the display device including a first region having a first thickness and a second region having a second thickness less than the first thickness, a groove formed in the second region, and a reinforcing layer formed in the groove. 1. A support film for a display device to support a display panel of the display device , comprising:a first region having a first thickness and a second region having a second thickness less than the first thickness;a groove formed in the second region; anda reinforcing layer formed in the groove.2. The support film of claim 1 , wherein surfaces of the support film and the reinforcing layer are substantially flat.3. The support film of claim 1 , wherein:the support film comprises a plastic or metal material; andthe reinforcing layer comprises a polymer or metal material.4. The support film of claim 1 , wherein:a plurality of the grooves is formed in the second region; andthe reinforcing layer is disposed in each of the grooves.5. The support film of claim 1 , wherein the second thickness is about ½ to ⅔ of the first thickness.6. The support film of claim 1 , wherein the groove and the reinforcing layer are disposed on at least one of both surfaces of the support film.7. The support film of claim 1 , wherein:the groove has a bottom surface and a lateral surface connected to the bottom surface; andan angle between the bottom surface and the lateral surface is an obtuse angle.8. The support film of claim 1 , wherein:the groove has a bottom surface and a lateral surface connected to the bottom surface; andan angle between the bottom surface and the lateral surface is an acute angle.9. A display device comprising:a display panel comprising a bending region; anda support film overlapping the display panel,wherein:the support film comprises a first region having a first thickness and a second region having a second thickness less than the first thickness;the second region overlaps ...

FLEXIBLE DISPLAY DEVICE

A flexible display device according to an exemplary embodiment includes: a display panel having a display area and a driving area, wherein a signal control chip controlling the display panel is mounted on the driving area; a first base film part disposed under the display area and including a metal layer; and a second base film part disposed under the driving area and formed to be transparent. 1. A flexible display device comprising:a display panel having a display area and a driving area, wherein a signal control chip controlling the display panel is mounted on the driving area;a first base film part disposed under the display area and including a metal layer; anda second base film part disposed under the driving area and formed to be transparent.2. The flexible display device of claim 1 , whereinthe first base film part and the second base film part include at least one layer formed of the same material.3. The flexible display device of claim 2 , whereinthe first base film part includes:a base film including a metal layer; andan adhesive layer attached to a bottom of the display area.4. The flexible display device of claim 3 , whereinthe second base film part includes an external adhesive layer formed of the same material as that of the adhesive layer of the first base film part.5. The flexible display device of claim 3 , whereinthe first base film part further includes a film layer disposed between the adhesive layer and the base film.6. The flexible display device of claim 5 , whereinthe second base film part includes:an external adhesive layer formed of the same material as that of the adhesive layer of the first base film part; andan external film layer formed of the same material as that of the film layer of the first base film part.7. The flexible display device of claim 1 , whereinthe second base film part includes a transparent layer disposed in a layer corresponding to the metal layer of the first base film part.8. The flexible display device of claim 7 , ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE HAVING STRESSOR

A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a fin active region pattern on the substrate, the fin active region pattern including an upper region and a lower region, a device isolation layer pattern surrounding the fin active region pattern, a gate pattern on the upper region of the fin active region pattern, and a stressor on the lower region of the fin active region pattern, wherein a top surface of the device isolation layer pattern is lower than a top surface of the upper region and higher than a top surface of the lower region. 115.- . (canceled)16. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device , the method comprising:providing a substrate including a first region and a second region;forming a first device isolation layer pattern and a second isolation layer pattern in the first region and the second region of the substrate, respectively;selectively removing an upper portion of the second device isolation layer pattern in the second region;forming a first fin active region pattern and a second fin active region pattern in the first region and the second region, respectively, by partially removing the first and second device isolation layer patterns to expose an upper portion of the substrate;forming a first trench in the first fin active region pattern by partially removing the first fin active region pattern, the first trench having a bottom surface lower than a top surface of the first device isolation layer pattern; andforming a first stressor on the bottom surface of the first trench such that the first stressor is self-aligned by the first device isolation layer pattern.17. The method as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the first region includes a PMOS transistor region of a static random-access memory (SRAM) device and the second region includes a PMOS transistor region of the logic device.18. The method as claimed in claim 16 , further comprising:forming a second trench in the second fin active region pattern by partially removing the second fin active ...

FOLDABLE DISPLAY DEVICE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

A display device includes a first display part, a second display part, and a third display part provided between the first display part and the second display part. One of the first display part and the second display part is transparent, and the other of the first display part and the second display part is opaque. The third display part comprises a transparent part and an opaque part, which are mixed therein, and an area ratio of the transparent part and the opaque part in the third display part is gradually changed. 1. A display device comprising:a first display part;a second display part; anda third display part disposed between the first display part and the second display part,wherein one of the first display part and the second display part is transparent, and the other of the first display part and the second display part is opaque,wherein the third display part comprises a transparent part and an opaque part, which are mixed therein, andan area ratio of the transparent part with the opaque part in the third display part is gradually changed.2. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the area ratio of the transparent part with the opaque part in the third display part is gradually increased or decreased toward the second display part from the first display part.3. The display device of claim 1 , whereinthe third display part includes a boundary surface between the first display part and the second display part, andthe boundary surface has a shape of one of a mosaic, a zigzag, a curve, and a wave.4. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the first display part and the second display part are simultaneously or individually driven to display a same image as each other or different images from each other claim 1 , in response to a folding state of the display device.5. The display device of claim 4 , wherein the folding state of the display device is sensed in a region of at least one of the first display part claim 4 , the second display part claim 4 , and the ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device includes a display panel including a front surface and a rear surface, a first circuit board electrically connected to a first side of the display panel, a second circuit board electrically connected to a second side opposite to the first side of the display panel, a third circuit board disposed on the rear surface and electrically connected to the first circuit board and the second circuit board, the third circuit board extending in a first direction, and a support plate disposed on the rear surface. The display panel is foldable along a folding line extending in a second direction. The support plate has a first opening extending along the folding line, and an opening pattern near a portion of the first opening. The third circuit board overlaps the portion of the first opening. The opening pattern includes slits and the third circuit board overlaps the slits. 1. A display device comprising:a display panel including a front surface and a rear surface opposite to each other;a first circuit board electrically connected to a first side of the display panel;a second circuit board electrically connected to a second side opposite to the first side of the display panel;a third circuit board disposed on the rear surface of the display panel and electrically connected to the first circuit board and the second circuit board, wherein the third circuit board extends in a first direction; anda support plate disposed on the rear surface of the display panel,wherein the display panel is foldable along a folding line extending in a second direction crossing the first direction,wherein the support plate has a first opening extending along the folding line, and an opening pattern near a portion of the first opening,wherein the third circuit board overlaps the portion of the first opening, andwherein the opening pattern includes a plurality of slits and the third circuit board overlaps the plurality of slits.2. The display device of claim 1 , whereinthe plurality of ...

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING ACCESS TO DATA AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE THEREOF

A system determines access authorization to data in an electronic device by detecting application identifier information of an application program and detecting manufacturer identifier information of the application program. The system generates access token information using the application identifier information of the application program and the manufacturer identifier information. 1. A method for determining access authorization to data in an electronic device , comprising:detecting application identifier information of an application program;detecting manufacturer identifier information of the application program; andgenerating access token information using the application identifier information of the application program and the manufacturer identifier information.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a message digest process to the manufacturer identifier information in response to detection of the application identifier information of the application program and the manufacturer identifier information to derive the access token information.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising generating access token information using the application identifier information of the application program and the manufacturer identifier information derived using the message digest process.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising generating a character string by sequentially appending the application identifier information of the application program and the manufacturer identifier information in response to detection of the application identifier information of the application program and the manufacturer identifier information.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising generating access token information by encrypting the character string.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein generating the access token information comprises encrypting the character string using an asymmetric encryption key.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising packaging the ...

SYSTEM AND A METHOD FOR SELECTING TARGET CANDIDATES TO PROVIDE A CONTENT

A method of selecting a target candidate among user devices to which an advertisement content is provided including: receiving, by a data receiving unit of a first server from each user device, a unique data including device identification information and application information of each application installed in the user device; confirming, by the first server for each user device, the application installed in the user device from the unique data; applying, by the first server for each user device, an application weight to each application installed in the user device, the application weight being different for each application; summing, by the first server for each user device, the application weights applied to each installed application, and calculating a score of the user device based on the sum of the application weights; and selecting at least one of the user devices as the target candidate based on the score. 1. A method of selecting a candidate among a plurality of user devices to which an advertisement content is provided , the method comprising:receiving, by a data receiving unit of a first server from each user device, a unique data comprising device identification information of the user device and application information of each application installed in the user device;confirming, by the first server for each user device, the application installed in the user device from the unique data;applying, by the first server for each user device, an application weight to each application installed in the user device, the application weight being different for each application;summing, by the first server for each user device, the application weights applied to each installed application, and calculating a score of the user device based on the sum of the application weights; andselecting at least one of the user devices as the target based on the score.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the unique data further comprises:user-specific information ...

FOLDABLE DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device according to an exemplary embodiment includes a display panel including a bending portion, and a folding unit supporting the display panel, the display device being capable of being in-folded and out-folded. The folding unit includes: a first supporting plate including a first supporting portion; a second supporting plate including a second supporting portion spaced apart from the first supporting portion; a first elastic member including a first wing portion protruded from the first supporting portion; and a second elastic member including a second wing portion protruded from the second supporting portion. The bending portion includes a first portion attached to the first wing portion and a second portion attached to the second wing portion. 1. A foldable display device comprising a display panel including a bending portion , and a folding unit supporting the display panel , the foldable display device being capable of being in-folded and out-folded ,wherein the folding unit includes:a first supporting plate including a first supporting portion;a second supporting plate including a second supporting portion spaced apart from the first supporting portion;a first elastic member including a first wing portion protruded from the first supporting portion; anda second elastic member including a second wing portion protruded from the second supporting portion, andthe bending portion includes a first portion attached to the first wing portion and a second portion attached to the second wing portion.2. The foldable display device of claim 1 , wherein the first wing portion and the second wing portion are respectively protruded from the first supporting portion and the second supporting portion in a direction to face each other.3. The foldable display device of claim 2 , wherein the first wing portion and the second wing portion each has a thickness that decreases farther away from the first supporting portion and the second supporting portion claim 2 , ...

FOLDABLE DISPLAY DEVICE

A foldable display device including: a display panel; a cover window disposed on the display panel; and a base film attached below the display panel, wherein the base film includes a first metal sheet and a second metal sheet bonded to the first metal sheet, and the first metal sheet includes a first flat portion, a second flat portion, and an inclined portion bent from the first flat portion and the second flat portion. 1. A foldable display device comprising:a display panel;a cover window disposed on the display panel; anda base film attached below the display panel,wherein:the base film includes a first metal sheet and a second metal sheet bonded to the first metal sheet; andthe first metal sheet includes a first flat portion, a second flat portion, and an inclined portion bent from the first flat portion and the second flat portion.2. The foldable display device of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , when the foldable display device is folded claim 1 , bent portions at respective sides of the inclined portion are unbent and the first metal sheet is deformed.3. The foldable display device of claim 1 , wherein the first metal sheet includes a first portion and a second portion that are separated from each other.4. The foldable display device of claim 3 , wherein:the first portion includes a first flat portion, a second flat portion, and an inclined portion bent from the first flat portion and the second flat portion; andthe second portion includes a first flat portion, a second flat portion, and an inclined portion bent from the first flat portion and the second flat portion.5. The foldable display device of claim 4 , wherein:the second flat portion of the first portion faces the flat portion of the second portion; andthe second metal sheet overlaps the second flat portion of the first portion and the second flat portion of the second portion.6. The foldable display device of claim 5 , wherein an upper surface of the first flat portion of the first portion claim 5 , an ...

FLEXIBLE DISPLAY PANEL AND METHOD OF BENDING THE SAME

A flexible display panel includes a display area to display an image, and a non-display area disposed outside the display area. The non-display area includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion extends from the display area, and includes a support layer disposed on a flexible substrate. The second portion extends from the first portion, and is bent from a plane of the first portion. A property of a material of the support layer in the first portion is different than the property of the material of the support layer in the second portion. 1. A method of bending a flexible display panel , the method comprising:altering, via thermal deformation, a property of a material of a support layer disposed on a flexible substrate in a non-display area of the flexible display panel; andbending, after altering the property, a portion of the non-display area from a plane of a display area of the flexible display panel, the non-display area extending from the display area.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the property corresponds to at least one of a density of the material claim 1 , a hardness of the material claim 1 , a surface roughness of the material claim 1 , and a color of the material.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal deformation corresponds to a melting of some of the material of the support layer in the non-display area.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:disposing a wire on the support layer in the non-display area,wherein the wire causes, at least in part, some of the material of the support layer to melt in the non-display area.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal deformation corresponds to a sublimation of some of the material of the support layer in the non-display area.6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising:disposing a stamp on the support layer in the non-display area,wherein the stamp causes, at least in part, some of the material of the support layer to sublimate in the non-display area.7. The method of ...

FILM FOR DISPLAY DEVICE AND DISPLAY DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME

A display device according to an exemplary embodiment includes: a display panel that includes a substrate and an emission layer; and a support film that overlaps the display panel, the display panel and the support film including a bending area, and the support film including a first groove disposed in the bending area and a first crack prevention layer disposed in the first groove. 1. A support film for supporting a display panel , comprising:a bending area,a first groove disposed in the bending area, anda first crack prevention layer disposed in the first groove.2. The support film of claim 1 , wherein the first groove and the first crack prevention layer are disposed to be overlapped along edges of the bending area.3. The support film of claim 2 , wherein the support film further comprises a second groove that is disposed in the bending area and extends in parallel with the first groove claim 2 , and a second crack prevention layer that is disposed in the second groove.4. The support film of claim 2 , wherein the support film further comprises a second groove that is concave and disposed at a central portion of the bending area claim 2 , and a second crack prevention layer that is disposed in the second groove.5. The support film of claim 4 , wherein the support film further comprises a third groove that surrounds the first groove claim 4 , and a third crack prevention layer that is disposed in the third groove.6. The support film of claim 5 , wherein the support film further comprises a fourth groove that is coupled with the first groove and formed in the shape of a closed curved line claim 5 , and a fourth crack prevention layer that is disposed in the fourth groove.7. The support film of claim 1 , wherein the first groove and the first crack prevention layer are disposed adjacent to edges of the bending area claim 1 , and extend in parallel with the edge of the bending area.8. The support film of claim 7 , wherein the support film further comprises a second ...

BACKLIGHT ASSEMBLY

A backlight assembly comprises: a receptacle; a support frame; and a light source module. The support frame is arranged on one side of the receptacle. The light source module is accommodated in the support frame and includes a printed circuit board and light sources. The support frame includes: a bottom portion; a side wall portion; a cover portion; a gap holding portion; and an insertion groove. The side wall portion extends from the bottom portion. The cover portion extends from the side wall portion to an inside. The gap holding portion extends from an end portion of the cover portion in a direction of the bottom portion. The printed circuit board is partially inserted into the insertion groove to be arranged on the upper surface of the bottom portion. The light sources are surrounded by the side wall portion, the cover portion, and the gap holding portion. 1. A backlight assembly comprising:a receptacle;a support frame arranged on one side of the receptacle; anda light source module accommodated in the support frame and including a printed circuit board and a plurality of light sources projecting from one surface of the printed circuit board,wherein the support frame includes a bottom portion, a side wall portion extending from the bottom portion to an upper side, a cover portion extending from the side wall portion to an inside, a gap holding portion extending from an end portion of the cover portion in a direction of the bottom portion, and an insertion groove outwardly indented from an inner side wall of the side wall portion to an outside on a boundary between the bottom portion and the side wall portion and having a bottom surface extending from an upper surface of the bottom portion,the printed circuit board is partially inserted into the insertion groove to be arranged on the upper surface of the bottom portion, andthe plurality of light sources are arranged in a space that is surrounded by the side wall portion, the cover portion, and the gap holding ...

Semiconductor Devices Including Insulating Gates and Methods for Fabricating the Same

Semiconductor devices are provided including a first active fin extending in a first direction and a second active fin spaced apart from the first active fin in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the second active fin extending in the first direction, the second active fin having a longer side shorter than a length of a longer side of the first active fin. A first dummy gate extends in the second direction overlapping a first end of each of the first and second active fins. A first metal gate extends in the second direction intersecting the first active fin and overlapping a second end of the second active fin. A first insulating gate extends in the second direction intersecting the first active fin. The first insulating gate extends into the first active fin. 1. A semiconductor device comprising:a first active fin extending in a first direction;a second active fin, spaced apart from the first active fin in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the second active fin extending in the first direction and having a longer side that is shorter than a length of a longer side of the first active fin;a first dummy gate extending in the second direction overlapping with a first end of each of the first and second active fins;a first metal gate extending in the second direction intersecting the first active fin and overlapping with a second end of the second active fin; anda first insulating gate extending in the second direction intersecting the first active fin,wherein the first insulating gate extends into the first active fin.2. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the first insulating gate does not overlap the second active fin.3. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein a first pitch between the first insulating gate and the first metal gate and a second pitch between the first metal gate and the first dummy gate are different.4. The semiconductor device of claim 3 , wherein the second pitch is larger than the first ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device includes: a display panel having an upper surface to display an image and a lower surface; a first support and a second support disposed on the lower surface of the display panel; a first hinge connecting a side of the first support and a side of the second support and defining a first axis; a cover disposed on another side of the second support; and a second hinge connecting another side of the second support and a side of the cover and defining a second axis substantially parallel to the first axis, wherein the cover comprises a transparent material and a recess disposed on the side connected to the second hinge member. 1. A display device comprising:a display panel having an upper surface to display an image and a lower surface;a first support and a second support disposed on the lower surface of the display panel;a first hinge connecting a side of the first support and a side of the second support and defining a first axis;a cover disposed on another side of the second support; anda second hinge connecting another side of the second support and a side of the cover and defining a second axis substantially parallel to the first axis,wherein the cover comprises a transparent material and a recess disposed on the side connected to the second hinge member.2. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the first and second hinges comprise first and second hinge members claim 1 , respectively claim 1 , and the second hinge member comprises a shaft received in the second support member to define the second axis and a pair of rotatable couplers supported at either end of the shaft.3. The display device of claim 2 , wherein at least one of the pair of rotatable couplers comprises coupling members or a joint and an extension formed integrally with a side of the body part.4. The display device of claim 3 , wherein the second support member comprises a pair of first recessed parts disposed at both corners adjacent to the cover member claim 3 , a second recessed ...

FLEXIBLE DISPLAY DEVICE

A flexible display device including a display panel, a cover window disposed on the display panel, and a first adhesive layer disposed between the display panel and the cover window, in which the first adhesive layer includes a first pressure sensitive adhesive layer, a second pressure sensitive adhesive layer, and a first elastomer layer disposed between the first pressure sensitive adhesive layer and the second pressure sensitive adhesive layer. 1. A flexible display device comprising:a display panel;a cover window disposed on the display panel; anda first adhesive layer disposed between the display panel and the cover window,wherein the first adhesive layer includes a first pressure sensitive adhesive layer, a second pressure sensitive adhesive layer, and a first elastomer layer disposed between the first pressure sensitive adhesive layer and the second pressure sensitive adhesive layer.2. The flexible display device of claim 1 , further comprising:a first functional layer disposed between the first adhesive layer and the display panel; anda second adhesive layer disposed between the first functional layer and the display panel,wherein the second adhesive layer includes a third pressure sensitive adhesive layer, a fourth pressure sensitive adhesive layer, and a second elastomer layer disposed between the third pressure sensitive adhesive layer and the fourth pressure sensitive adhesive layer.3. The flexible display device of claim 2 , wherein the first functional layer comprises at least one of a polarization layer and a touch panel.4. The flexible display device of claim 2 , further comprising:a second functional layer disposed between the second adhesive layer and the display panel; anda third adhesive layer disposed between the second functional layer and the display panel,wherein the third adhesive layer includes a fifth pressure sensitive adhesive layer, a sixth pressure sensitive adhesive layer, and a third elastomer layer between the fifth pressure ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device includes a display panel disposed in a first non-folding region, a second non-folding region, and a folding region located between the first and second non-folding regions. The display device further includes first and second buffer members disposed on one surface of the display panel in the first and second non-folding regions, respectively, and a metal layer disposed in the first non-folding region, the second non-folding region, and the folding region on one surface of the first buffer member and one surface of the second buffer member. The display device further includes a fingerprint sensor disposed on the metal layer. The first and second buffer members are separated with the folding region therebetween. The metal layer includes first, second, and third metal portions located in the first non-folding region, the second non-folding region, and the folding region, respectively. The fingerprint sensor is attached to the third metal portion. 1. A display device , comprising:a display panel disposed in a first non-folding region, a second non-folding region, and a folding region,wherein the folding region is between the first non-folding region and the second non-folding region;a metal layer disposed in the first non-folding region, the second non-folding region, and the folding region on one surface of the display panel; anda fingerprint sensor disposed on the metal layer,the metal layer comprises a first metal portion located in the first non-folding region, a second metal portion located in the second non-folding region, and a third metal portion located in the folding region,the fingerprint sensor is attached to the third metal portion, andthe third metal portion is located closer to the display panel as compared with the first metal portion and the second metal portion.2. The display device of claim 1 , further comprising:a first buffer member disposed between the display panel and the first metal portion in the first non-folding region;a ...

MOTOR GENERATOR FOR VEHICLE

A motor generator for a vehicle includes a housing having a through hole along a central axis thereof, with a protrusion protruding outwards along a circumference of the through hole. A rotating shaft is disposed in the housing in such a way that a first end thereof is exposed outside through the through hole. A pulley is disposed outside the housing in such a way that the first end of the rotating shaft is inserted into and coupled to a central portion of the pulley. A rim of the pulley is surrounded by the protrusion and a central portion of the pulley passes through the through hole, so that a watertight flange having a larger diameter than the through hole is disposed in the housing. 1. A motor generator for a vehicle , comprising:a housing having a through hole along a central axis thereof, with a protrusion protruding outwards along a circumference of the through hole;a rotating shaft disposed in the housing in such a way that a first end thereof is exposed outside through the through hole; anda pulley disposed outside the housing in such a way that the first end of the rotating shaft is inserted into and coupled to a central portion of the pulley, with a rim of the pulley being surrounded by the protrusion and a central portion of the pulley passing through the through hole, so that a watertight flange having a larger diameter than the through hole is disposed in the housing.2. The motor generator as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the protrusion protrudes to be higher than a gap between the pulley and the housing.3. The motor generator as set forth in claim 1 , wherein a front end bearing and a rear end bearing coupled to the rotating shaft are disposed on a front end and a rear end in the housing claim 1 , respectively claim 1 , with a support portion being formed in the housing in such a way so as to be disposed along an outer surface of each of the front end bearing and the rear end bearing.4. The motor generator as set forth in claim 3 , wherein an air ...

GLASSES LENS PROCESSING APPARATUS AND METHOD WHICH USE HALL SENSOR

Disclosed is an apparatus and method for processing eyeglass lens which determines the completion of the eyeglass lens processing by using a hall sensor. The eyeglass lens processing apparatus comprises: a grinding wheel mounted frame () mounted with a grinding wheel () for grinding a lens, and whose position is changed according to a predetermined grinding depth of the lens; a carriage () for moving the lens to contact with the grinding wheel (), and which contacts with the grinding wheel mounted frame () when the lens which contacts with the grinding wheel () is grinded to the predetermined grinding depth; and a hall sensor detector () for detecting a contact of the grinding wheel mounted frame () and the carriage (), wherein the hall sensor detector () includes a magnet () and a hall sensor () for detecting an intensity of a magnetic field generated by the magnet (), the magnet () is equipped on either one of the carriage () and the grinding wheel mounted frame (), and the hall sensor () is equipped on the other one of the carriage () and the grinding wheel mounted frame (), in case an output signal of the hall sensor () is “A” when the grinding wheel mounted frame () and the carriage () are in contacts with each other, if the output signal of the hall sensor () is smaller or larger than “A” by a tolerance, it is determined that the grinding wheel mounted frame () and the carriage () are in a separated state. 1. An eyeglass lens processing apparatus , comprising:{'b': 22', '20, 'a grinding wheel mounted frame () mounted with a grinding wheel () for grinding a lens, and whose position is changed according to a predetermined grinding depth of the lens;'}{'b': 12', '20', '22', '20, 'a carriage () for moving the lens to contact with the grinding wheel (), and which contacts with the grinding wheel mounted frame () when the lens which contacts with the grinding wheel () is grinded to the predetermined grinding depth; and'}{'b': 30', '22', '12, 'a hall sensor detector ...

Ampule Autoinjector Systems And Methods

An autoinjector is described that includes an outer body, a first trigger, an output needle, and a first compartment. The first compartment is positioned within the outer body and includes (i) a main body, (ii) a first biasing member coupled to the first trigger, and (iii) a protrusion positioned at a distal end of the main body. The autoinjector further includes a second compartment positioned in the outer body and in fluid communication with the first compartment and the output needle. The autoinjector also includes a second biasing member coupled to a second trigger. The first biasing member is configured to, upon application of force to the first trigger, automatically move an ampule in a distal direction relative to the main body to force the ampule against the protrusion, so as to break the ampule and allow a medicament to flow from the ampule to the second compartment. 1. An autoinjector comprising:an outer body;a first trigger;an output needle; (i) a main body;', '(ii) a first biasing member coupled to the first trigger; and', '(iii) a protrusion positioned at a distal end of the main body;, 'a first compartment, wherein the first compartment is positioned within the outer body and comprisesa second compartment positioned in the outer body and in fluid communication with the first compartment and the output needle; anda second biasing member coupled to a second trigger;wherein the first biasing member is configured to, upon application of force to the first trigger, automatically move an ampule when loaded in the main body in a distal direction relative to the main body to force the ampule against the protrusion, so as to break the ampule and allow a medicament within the ampule to flow from the ampule to the second compartment; andwherein the second biasing member is configured to, upon application of force to the second trigger, automatically move the first compartment in the distal direction relative to the outer housing and the second compartment to ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device may include forming a sacrificial layer on a substrate including a first region and a second region, forming a first pattern on the sacrificial layer of the second region, forming a second pattern on the sacrificial layer of the first region, forming first upper spacers on opposite sidewalls of the second pattern, removing the second pattern, etching the first sacrificial layer of the first region using the first upper spacers as an etch mask to form a third pattern, etching the first sacrificial layer of the second region using the first pattern as an etch mask to form a fourth pattern, forming first lower spacers at either side of the third pattern, forming second spacers on opposite sidewalls of the fourth pattern, removing the third pattern and the fourth pattern, and etching the substrate using the first lower spacers and the second spacers as etch masks. 1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device , the method comprising:forming a first sacrificial layer on a substrate including a first region and a second region;forming a first pattern on the first sacrificial layer in the first region and a first mark generation layer on the first sacrificial layer in the second region;forming a first key pattern on the first mark generation layer;forming a first mark generation pattern by partially etching the first mark generation layer using the first key pattern as an etch mask;forming a second pattern by etching the first sacrificial layer in the first region using the first pattern as an etch mask;forming a second key pattern by etching the first sacrificial layer in the second region using the first mark generation pattern as an etch mask;forming first spacers on sidewalls of the second pattern and first key spacers on sidewalls of the second key pattern;forming first fin-shaped patterns in the first region by partially etching the substrate using the first spacers as etch masks; andforming a trench key in the ...

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A semiconductor device includes a plurality of active fins defined by an isolation layer on a substrate, a gate structure on the active fins and the isolation layer, and a gate spacer structure covering a sidewall of the gate structure. A sidewall of the gate structure includes first, second, and third regions having first, second, and third slopes, respectively. The second slope increases from a bottom toward a top of the second region. The second slope has a value at the bottom of the second region less than the first slope. The third slope is greater than the second slope. 1. A semiconductor device , comprising:a plurality of active fins defined by an isolation layer on a substrate, each of the active fins extending in a first direction;a gate structure on the active fins and the isolation layer in a second direction crossing the first direction; anda gate spacer structure covering a sidewall of the gate structure, wherein a sidewall of a first portion of the gate structure on the isolation layer includes first, second, and third regions having first, second, and third slopes, respectively, with respect to a top surface of the substrate, the second slope increasing from a bottom toward a top thereof, the second slope being smaller than the first slope, and the third slope being greater than the second slope.2. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first claim 1 , second claim 1 , and third regions of the sidewall of the first portion of the gate structure are disposed from the top surface of the substrate upwardly in this order.3. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:the first slope is substantially constant, andthe third slope is substantially 90 degrees.4. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the first slope is equal to or less than the third slope.5. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the gate spacer structure includes:a first gate spacer covering the second and third regions ...

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

A semiconductor device includes a compound semiconductor layer, where the compound semiconductor layer includes separate fin patterns in separate regions. The separate fin patterns may include different materials. The separate fin patterns may include different dimensions, including one or more of width and height of one or more portions of the fin patterns. The separate fin patterns may include an upper pattern and a lower pattern. The upper pattern and the lower pattern may include different materials. The upper pattern and the lower pattern may include different dimensions. Separate regions may include separate ones of an NMOS or a PMOS. The semiconductor device may include gate electrodes on the compound semiconductor layer. Separate gate electrodes may intersect the separate fin patterns. 1. A semiconductor device comprising:a compound semiconductor layer, the compound semiconductor layer including a first region and a second region;a first fin pattern protruding from the compound semiconductor layer in the first region, the first fin pattern including a first material, the first fin pattern being associated with a first width; anda second fin pattern protruding from the compound semiconductor layer in the second region, the second fin pattern including a second material, the second fin pattern being associated with a second width, the second material being different from the first material, the second width being narrower than the first width,2. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , whereinthe first fin pattern includes a first upper pattern and a first lower pattern, the first upper pattern and the first lower pattern being sequentially stacked on the compound semiconductor layer, the first upper pattern including the first material, andthe second fin pattern includes a second upper pattern and a second lower pattern, the second upper pattern and the second lower pattern being sequentially stacked on the compound semiconductor layer, the second upper pattern ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE TO PREVENT DEFECTS

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming dummy gate structures including a dummy gate insulating layer and dummy gate electrodes, on a first region of a semiconductor substrate, the first region including a patterning region, forming spacers on two side walls of each of the dummy gate structures, forming an interlayer insulating layer on the semiconductor substrate and the dummy gate structures, forming a protective insulating layer on a second region of the semiconductor substrate, the second region including a non-patterning region, forming a liner layer on the protective insulating layer, planarizing the interlayer insulating layer by using the liner layer as an etching mask to expose top surfaces of the dummy gate structures, forming openings by removing the dummy gate structures to expose the semiconductor substrate between the spacers, and forming gate structures including a gate insulating layer and metal gate electrodes, in the openings. 1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device , the method comprising:forming dummy gate structures including a dummy gate insulating layer and dummy gate electrodes, on a first region of a semiconductor substrate, the first region including a patterning region;forming spacers on two side walls of each of the dummy gate structures;forming an interlayer insulating layer on the semiconductor substrate and the dummy gate structures;forming a protective insulating layer on a second region of the semiconductor substrate, the second region including a non-patterning region;forming a liner layer on the protective insulating layer;planarizing the interlayer insulating layer;forming openings by removing the dummy gate structures; andforming gate structures including a gate insulating layer and metal gate electrodes, in the openings.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of active regions extending in a first direction and including a plurality of source/drain regions are provided on the first ...

METHOD OF FABRICATING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

A method of fabricating a semiconductor device includes forming an active pattern protruding from a substrate, forming a liner layer on the active pattern, forming a sacrificial gate pattern on the liner layer and crossing the active pattern, forming source/drain regions on the active pattern and at both sides of the sacrificial gate pattern, forming an interlayer insulating layer to cover the source/drain regions, forming capping insulating patterns on the interlayer insulating layer to expose the sacrificial gate pattern, and removing the sacrificial gate pattern and the liner layer by an etching process using the capping insulating patterns as an etch mask to form a gap region exposing the active pattern. The active pattern includes a material having a lattice constant greater than a lattice constant of the substrate, and the capping insulating patterns include a material having an etch selectivity with respect to the liner layer. 1. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device , the method comprising:forming an active pattern protruding from a substrate, the active pattern including a material having a lattice constant greater than a lattice constant of the substrate;forming a liner layer on the active pattern;forming a sacrificial gate pattern on the liner layer and crossing the active pattern;forming source/drain regions on the active pattern and at both sides of the sacrificial gate pattern;forming an interlayer insulating layer covering the source/drain regions, the interlayer insulating layer having a top surface lower than a top surface of the sacrificial gate pattern;forming capping insulating patterns on the interlayer insulating layer to expose the sacrificial gate pattern, the capping insulating patterns including a material having an etch selectivity with respect to the liner layer; andremoving the sacrificial gate pattern and the liner layer by an etching process using the capping insulating patterns as an etch mask to form a gap region exposing ...

DISPLAY DEVICE COMPRISING THE SAME

Disclosed is a display device that can uniformly transmit light emitted from a light source to the entire display panel without using a light guide plate. The display device includes a display panel, a backlight assembly supplying light to the display panel, and a lower cover receiving the backlight assembly. The backlight assembly includes a light source, a circuit board mounted with the light source, and a reflection cover coupled to the circuit board to reflect light emitted from the light source and formed of a bendable plate type member. 1. A display device , comprising:a display panel;a backlight assembly supplying light to the display panel; anda lower cover receiving the backlight assembly,wherein the backlight assembly includes:a light source;a circuit board mounted with the light source; anda reflection cover coupled to the circuit board,the reflection cover includes:a first reflection portion formed to surround an upper side of a main emission direction of light emitted from the light source;a second reflection portion formed to surround a lower side of the main emission direction of the light; anda connection portion connecting the first reflection portion and the second reflection portion, andthe light source is disposed so that the main emission direction of the light faces a bottom surface of the lower cover.2. The display device of claim 1 , wherein:the first reflection portion has a bending shape.3. The display device of claim 2 , wherein:the first reflection portion is provided in an upwardly convex shape.4. The display device of claim 2 , wherein:the first reflection portion is provided in a downwardly convex shape.5. The display device of claim 1 , wherein:the first reflection portion is formed to be flat in a direction parallel with the main emission direction of the light.6. The display device of claim 1 , wherein:the light source is disposed so that an angle, which the main emission direction of the light forms with the display panel, is more ...

Flat Type Lamp For Photoionization Detector And Method For Manufacturing The Same

A disclosed flat type lamp for a photoionization detector includes: a first plate member having a plate shape and having a first surface on which a plurality of discharge cavities is formed; a second plate member isolating the plurality of discharge cavities from the outside by being disposed and sealed on the first surface of the first plate member; electrodes disposed on the first and second plate members and arranged to face each other; and a discharge gas filled in the plurality of discharge cavities and producing vacuum ultraviolet using electric force that is applied through the electrodes. 1. A flat type lamp for a photoionization detector , the flat type lamp comprising:a first plate member having a plate shape and having a first surface on which a plurality of discharge cavities is formed;a second plate member isolating the plurality of discharge cavities from the outside by being disposed and sealed on the first surface of the first plate member;electrodes disposed on the first and second plate members and arranged to face each other; anda discharge gas filled in the plurality of discharge cavities and producing vacuum ultraviolet using electric force that is applied through the electrodes.2. The flat type lamp of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of discharge cavities is recessed in a thickness direction of the first plate member from the first surface of the first plate member.3. The flat type lamp of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of discharge cavities is formed by spacers bonded to the first surface of the first plate member and dividing the first surface into a plurality of regions.4. The flat type lame of claim 2 , wherein the discharge gas is filled into the plurality of discharge cavities simultaneously when the second plate member is bonded to the first plate member in a chamber isolated from the outside and filled with the discharge gas.5. The flat type lamp of claim 2 , wherein the discharge gas is filled into the plurality of discharge cavities ...