System and Method for Acoustic Information Exchange Involving an Ingestible Low Power Capsule

A method of communicating with an ingestible capsule includes detecting the location of the ingestible capsule, focusing a multi-sensor acoustic array on the ingestible capsule, and communicating an acoustic information exchange with the ingestible capsule via the multi-sensor acoustic array. The ingestible capsule includes a sensor that receives a stimulus inside the gastrointestinal tract of an animal, a bidirectional acoustic information communications module that transmits an acoustic information signal containing information from the sensor, and an acoustically transmissive encapsulation that substantially encloses the sensor and communications module, wherein the acoustically transmissive encapsulation is of ingestible size. The multi-sensor array includes a plurality of acoustic transducers that receive an acoustic signal from a movable device, and a plurality of delays, wherein each delay is coupled to a corresponding acoustic transducer. Each delay may be adjusted according to ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ACOUSTIC INFORMATION EXCHANGE INVOLVING AN INGESTIBLE LOW POWER CAPSULE

A method of communicating with an ingestible capsule includes detecting the location of the ingestible capsule, focusing a multi-sensor acoustic array on the ingestible capsule, and communicating an acoustic information exchange with the ingestible capsule via the multi-sensor acoustic array. The ingestible capsule includes a sensor that receives a stimulus inside the gastrointestinal tract of an animal, a bidirectional acoustic information communications module that transmits an acoustic information signal containing information from the sensor, and an acoustically transmissive encapsulation that substantially encloses the sensor and communications module, wherein the acoustically transmissive encapsulation is of ingestible size. The multi-sensor array includes a plurality of acoustic transducers that receive an acoustic signal from a movable device, and a plurality of delays, wherein each delay is coupled to a corresponding acoustic transducer. Each delay may be adjusted according to a phase of a signal received by the corresponding acoustic transducer. 19.-. (canceled)10. A sensor array configured to communicate with a movable object , comprising:a plurality of acoustic transducers configured to receive an acoustic signal from the movable object; anda plurality of delays, each delay coupled to a corresponding one of the plurality of acoustic transducers,wherein each delay is adjusted according to a phase of an information signal received by the corresponding acoustic transducer.11. The sensor array of claim 10 , wherein the acoustic transducers are spaced apart by approximately one-half the wavelength of the received information signal.12. The sensor array of claim 10 , wherein each acoustic transducer has a width approximately equal to one-quarter the wavelength of the received information signal.13. The sensor array of claim 10 , wherein each delay is determined through a successive approximation.14. An ingestible capsule claim 10 , comprising:a sensor that ...

System and Method for Manufacturing a Swallowable Sensor Device

Methods and systems for manufacturing a swallowable sensor device are disclosed. Such a method includes mechanically coupling a plurality of internal components, wherein the plurality of internal components includes a printed circuit board having a plurality of projections extending radially outward. A cavity is filled with a potting material, and the mechanically coupled components are inserted into the cavity. The cavity may be pre-filled with the potting material, or may be filled after the mechanically coupled components have been inserted therein. A distal end of each projection abuts against a wall of the cavity thereby preventing the potting material from covering each distal end. The cavity is sealed with a cap causing the potting material to harden within the sealed cavity to form a housing of the swallowable sensor device, wherein the distal end of each projection is exposed to an external environment of the swallowable sensor device.

Method, system, and apparatus for remote data calibration of a RFID tag population

A method, system, and apparatus for remotely calibrating data symbols received by a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag population are described. Tags are interrogated by a reader, which may be located in a network of readers. The reader transmits data symbols to the tags. Tags respond to the interrogations with symbols that each represent one or more bits of data. To calibrate the tags, the reader transmits a plurality of pulses of different lengths to the tag population. The tags receive the plurality of pulses. A characteristic of each pulse, such as a pulse length, is stored by the tags. The stored pulse lengths are used to define different data symbols that are subsequently received by the tags from the reader.

Radio frequency identification architecture

A radio frequency identification (RFID) architecture is described. RFID tags are interrogated by a reader, which may be located in a network of readers. The reader transmits symbols to the tags. Tags respond to the interrogations with symbols that each represent one or more bits of data. An RFID tag includes an antenna pad, a receiver, a state machine, and a modulator. The receiver is coupled to the antenna pad. The receiver receives a symbol from the antenna pad and outputs a received signal. The state machine is configured to determine a response symbol from the received signal and an operating state of the tag. The modulator is coupled to the antenna pad. The modulator is configured to backscatter modulate the received symbol with the response symbol. The modulator is configured to output the backscatter modulated symbol to the antenna pad.

Method, system, and apparatus for communicating with a RFID tag population

A method, system, and apparatus for communicating with a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag population that includes one or more tags are described. The tags are interrogated by a reader which may be located in a network of readers. The reader interrogates the tags by transmitting data symbols to the tags. Tags respond to the reader with backscatter symbols. Bit patterns, such as identification numbers stored in the tags, are collected from the plurality of tags without collisions. Collisions are avoided because the backscatter symbols transmitted by the tags use different characteristics to represent different data bits. For example, a first backscatter symbol frequency is used by the tag to represent a "0" bit, and a second backscatter symbol frequency is used by the tag to represent a "1" bit.

System and Method for Manufacturing a Swallowable Sensor Device

Methods and systems for manufacturing a swallowable sensor device are disclosed. Such a method includes mechanically coupling a plurality of internal components, wherein the plurality of internal components includes a printed circuit board having a plurality of projections extending radially outward. A cavity is filled with a potting material, and the mechanically coupled components are inserted into the cavity. The cavity may be pre-filled with the potting material, or may be filled after the mechanically coupled components have been inserted therein. A distal end of each projection abuts against a wall of the cavity thereby preventing the potting material from covering each distal end. The cavity is sealed with a cap causing the potting material to harden within the sealed cavity to form a housing of the swallowable sensor device, wherein the distal end of each projection is exposed to an external environment of the swallowable sensor device. 1. A method for manufacturing a swallowable sensor device , comprising:mechanically coupling a plurality of internal components of the swallowable sensor device, wherein the plurality of internal components includes a printed circuit (PC) board having a plurality of projections extending radially outward;filling a cavity with a potting material;inserting the mechanically coupled components into the cavity, a distal end of each projection abutting against a side wall of the cavity thereby preventing the potting material from covering the distal end of each projection; andsealing the cavity with a cap, wherein the potting material hardens within the sealed cavity to form a housing of the swallowable sensor device such that the distal end of each projection is exposed to an external environment of the swallowable sensor device.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cavity is filled with the potting material before inserting the mechanically coupled components therein.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cavity is filled with ...

Method and apparatus for avoiding radio frequency identification (RFID) tag response collisions

Methods and apparatuses for obtaining data from radio frequency identification (RFID) tags in an efficient manner are described. The method includes the following steps. During the course of an interrogation of an RFID tag population, an RFID tag in the population determines a time slot in which it is designated to respond to a reader. The tag receives signals that are transmitted during the interrogation. The tag determines efficiency-characteristics of the interrogation based on the received signals. The tag autonomously adjusts (e.g., without explicit instructions from the reader) the time slot in which it is designated to respond to the reader based on the efficiency-characteristics.

Charge pump apparatus and method used in an identification tag

An identification (ID) tag includes a substrate having an input capable of receiving a high frequency signal. A first charge pump is coupled to the input and is configured to convert the high frequency signal to a substantially direct current (DC) voltage. A state machine is disposed on the substrate and is responsive to a data recovered by the second charge pump, where the state machine is capable of generating the control signal for the back scatter switch in response to the data. The DC voltage from the first charge pump is capable of providing a voltage supply for at least one of the data recovery circuit, the back scatter switch, and the state machine. The data recovery circuit includes a second charge pump that is capable of operating on the high frequency signal simultaneously with the first charge pump. In other words, the first charge pump can generate the supply voltage for the ID tag from the high frequency signal, while the second charge pump simultaneously retrieves the data ...

Identification tag utilizing charge pumps for voltage supply generation and data recovery

An identification (ID) tag includes a substrate having an input capable of receiving a high frequency signal. For instance, the high frequency signal can be a radio frequency (RF) signal that is generated as part of a radio frequency (RF) ID system. A first charge pump is coupled to the input and is configured to convert the high frequency signal to a substantially direct current (DC) voltage. A data recovery circuit is coupled to the input and is capable of recovering data from the high frequency signal. A back scatter switch is coupled to the input and is capable of modifying an impedance of the input, responsive to a control signal. A state machine is disposed on the substrate and is responsive to the data recovered by the second charge pump, where the state machine is capable of generating the control signal for the back scatter switch in response to the data. The DC voltage from the first charge pump is capable of providing a voltage supply for at least one of the data recovery circuit ...

Dense reader system with improved listen before talk communications

Methods, systems and apparatuses for RFID readers forming a reader network are described. In an aspect of the present invention, readers communicate according to a "Listen Before Talk" (LBT) protocol to avoid undesirable interference.

OPTIMIZATION OF A BINARY TREE TRAVERSAL WITH SECURE COMMUNICATIONS

Methods and systems for the negotiation of a population of RFID tags (120) with improved security is provided. In one aspect, a binary traversal is performed to singulate tags without using information that directly identifies the tags (102) in the tag population. A key is generated to identify each RFID tag of the population of RFID tags. The generated key does not include bits identifying an item with which the particular RFID tag is associated. A binary tree algorithm is operated to identify one or more tags in the population of RFIDs tags using the generated keys. In another aspect, frequency hopping and/or spread spectrum techniques are used to provide improved security while negotiating tags. In another aspect, the reader (104) causes the tags to scroll series of bits back to the reader for each bit sent to the tags to provide improved security. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

Methods for optimizing communications between an RFID reader and a tag population using non-sequential masking

System and methods for optimizing communications between an RFID reader and a population of tags are described. To minimize the amount of data exchanges, the reader and tags use non-sequential bit string or byte masking. In non-sequential bit string masking, the reader transmits an interrogation mask having a plurality of non-sequential sub-masks to the tags. During subsequent collection of the identification sequence, the reader and tags only exchange the non-masked bit positions. The interrogation mask can be determined using superposition processing, historical tendencies, or known identification and/or subset of identification ranges. During superposition processing, the reader determines whether a bit position contains a single value or multiple values for tags in the tag population. If the bit position contains a single value, the bit position is designated as masked. If the bit position contains multiple values, the bit position is designated as non-masked.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEM CONTROL

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for environmental system controls are provided. A number of human subjects present within a space is determined, which may include counting the human subjects and/or determining a thermal mass of the human subjects. An impact upon an environmental factor by the present human subjects upon the space is determined. Environmental conditioning equipment is controlled based on the determination.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MINIMIZING UNWANTED RE-NEGOTIATION OF A PASSIVE RFID TAG

A system and method for minimizing negotiation of the passive RFID tags (T1-T6). Each tag (T1-T6) stores an acknowledgement flag after being ready by the reader (104) and goes into a dormant state. The reader (104) is able to address all tags (T1-T6) or address the unread tags (T1-T6). Each tag (T1-T6) may clear its acknowledgement flag when a signal is received by the reader (104). The tags (T1-T6) that have not been acknowledge will continue to communicate with the reader (104). © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

INGESTIBLE LOW POWER SENSOR DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR COMMUNICATING WITH SAME

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for an ingestible sensor device are described. The ingestible sensor devices may be swallowed by an animal to diagnose one or more conditions of the animal. The ingestible sensor device may include a sensor configured to receive a stimulus inside the gastrointestinal tract of an animal, wherein the sensor is configured to output a signal having a characteristic proportional to the received stimulus. The ingestible sensor device may further include a communications module that transmits a signal modulated with the sensor output signal and a housing configured to have a size that is swallowable, wherein the housing substantially encloses the sensor and communications module. 116.-. (canceled)17. A method , comprising:attaching a sensor link module to a skin of an animal; andcausing the animal to swallow a ingestible sensor device;wherein an acoustic communication signal is transmitted from the ingestible sensor device located within a gastrointestinal tract of the animal, the communication signal including sensor data obtained by the ingestible sensor device in the gastrointestinal tract; andwherein the communication signal is received by the sensor link module.18. A method , comprising:in a link module attached to an animal, receiving a first acoustic communication signal from an ingestible sensor device located within the gastrointestinal tract of the animal;storing sensor data received in the first communication signal; andtransmitting the sensor data to a computing device in a second communication signal.19. A method , comprising:receiving a communication signal from a computing device, the communication signal including sensor data obtained by a sensor in an ingestible sensor device located in the gastrointestinal tract of an animal;processing the sensor data; anddiagnosing a condition of the animal based on the processed sensor data.20. The method of claim 19 , comprising:providing an assessment of the diagnosed condition to the ...

Blood pump with expandable cannula

A blood pump includes an impeller having a plurality of foldable blades and a cannula having a proximal portion with a fixed diameter, and a distal portion with an expandable diameter. The impeller can reside in the expandable portion of the cannula. The cannula has a collapsed condition for percutaneous delivery to a desired location within the body, and an expanded condition in which the impeller can rotate to pump blood. A flexible drive shaft can extend through the cannula for rotationally driving the impeller within the patient's body.

Method, system, and apparatus for communicating with a RFID tag population

A method, system, and apparatus for communicating with a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag population that includes one or more tags are described. The tags are interrogated by a reader which may be located in a network of readers. The reader interrogates the tags by transmitting data symbols to the tags. Tags respond to the reader with backscatter symbols. Bit patterns, such as identification numbers stored in the tags, are collected from the plurality of tags without collisions. Collisions are avoided because the backscatter symbols transmitted by the tags use different characteristics to represent different data bits. For example, a first backscatter symbol frequency is used by the tag to represent a "0" bit, and a second backscatter symbol frequency is used by the tag to represent a "1" bit.

System and method for minimizing unwanted re-negotiation of a passive RFID tag

A system and method for minimizing negotiation of the passive RFID tags (T1-T6). Each tag (T1-T6) stores an acknowledgement flag after being ready by the reader (104) and goes into a dormant state. The reader (104) is able to address all tags (T1-T6) or address the unread tags (T1-T6). Each tag (T1-T6) may clear its acknowledgement flag when a signal is received by the reader (104). The tags (T1-T6) that have not been acknowledge will continue to communicate with the reader (104).

Displaying image data from a scanner capsule

An ingestible image scanning pill captures high resolution images of the GI tract as it passes through. Images communicated externally have exact location determination. Image processing software discards duplicate information and stitches images together, line scan by line scan, to replicate a complete GI tract as if it were stretched out in a straight line. A fully linear image is displayed to a medical professional as if the GI tract had been stretched in a straight line, cut open, laid flat out on a bench for viewing-all without making any incisions in a live patient.

Percutaneous heart pump

Disclosed herein are heart pumps that can include a catheter body and an impeller coupled with a distal end of the catheter body. The impeller can include a tip that is resealable or that includes a resealable member. The heart pump can also include a diffuser disposed between the distal end of the catheter body and the impeller, wherein the diffuser includes a flow directing surface.

Coordination of Radio Frequency Communications Amongst Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Readers

Methods and apparatuses are described for reducing interference amongst frequency identification (RFID) readers operating within an interference range. Groups of frequencies from a range of frequencies are determined such that RFID readers transmitting on adjacent frequencies in a particular group of frequencies experience substantially negligible interference. A first group of frequencies is selected for a first time period of operation. RFID readers are each assigned a unique frequency from the first group of frequencies. At the end of the first time period, a second group of frequencies is selected and RFID readers are each assigned unique frequencies from the second group of frequencies. Substantially all frequencies of the groups of frequencies are assigned during a predetermined time duration.

System and method for minimizing unwanted re-negotiation of a passive RFID tag

A system and method is provided for minimizing the unwanted re-negotiation of passive RFID tags. Each tag stores a confirmed read flag to indicate whether the tag has been previously read. During subsequent interrogations of the tag population, the reader has the capability to address all tags in a tag population or to address only unread tags. When addressing all tags, the reader sends a symbol causing all tags to ignore their confirmed read flag value. Each tag may also clear its confirmed read flag when this symbol is received. When addressing only unread tags, the reader sends a symbol causing each tag to evaluate its confirmed read flag value. Those tags that have a confirmed read flag value indicating "read" will enter dormant state and will not be re-negotiated. Those tags that have a confirmed read flag value indicating "not read" will continue to communicate with the reader.

Method, system, and apparatus for remote data calibration of a RFID tag population

A method, system, and apparatus for remotely calibrating data symbols received by a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag population are described. Tags are interrogated by a reader, which may be located in a network of readers. The reader transmits data symbols to the tags. Tags respond to the interrogations with symbols that each represent one or more bits of data. To calibrate the tags, the reader transmits a plurality of pulses of different lengths to the tag population. The tags receive the plurality of pulses. A characteristic of each pulse, such as a pulse length, is stored by the tags. The stored pulse lengths are used to define different data symbols that are subsequently received by the tags from the reader.

Displaying Image Data From A Scanner Capsule

An ingestible image scanning pill captures high resolution images of the GI tract as it passes through. Images communicated externally have exact location determination. Image processing software discards duplicate information and stitches images together, line scan by line scan, to replicate a complete GI tract as if it were stretched out in a straight line. A fully linear image is displayed to a medical professional as if the GI tract had been stretched in a straight line, cut open, laid flat out on a bench for viewingall without making any incisions in a live patient.

RFID tag data retention verification and refresh

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for monitoring and refreshing data stored in radio frequency identification (RFID) tags are described. A voltage margin for data stored in memory of a tag is checked. If the voltage margin has decreased to an undesirable level, the data stored in the tag is refreshed.

Ingestible low power sensor device and system for communicating with same

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for an ingestible sensor device are described. The ingestible sensor devices may be swallowed by an animal to diagnose one or more conditions of the animal. The ingestible sensor device may include a sensor configured to receive a stimulus inside the gastrointestinal tract of an animal, wherein the sensor is configured to output a signal having a characteristic proportional to the received stimulus. The ingestible sensor device may further include a communications module that transmits a signal modulated with the sensor output signal and a housing configured to have a size that is swallowable, wherein the housing substantially encloses the sensor and communications module.

Blood pump with expandable cannula

A blood pump includes an impeller having a plurality of foldable blades and a cannula having a proximal portion with a fixed diameter, and a distal portion with an expandable diameter. The impeller can reside in the expandable portion of the cannula. The cannula has a collapsed condition for percutaneous delivery to a desired location within the body, and an expanded condition in which the impeller can rotate to pump blood. A flexible drive shaft can extend through the cannula for rotationally driving the impeller within the patient's body.

Radio frequency identification tag antenna configurations

A radio frequency identification (RFID) architecture is described. RFID tags are interrogated by a reader, which may be located in a network of readers. The reader transmits symbols to the tags. Tags respond to the interrogations with symbols that each represent one or more bits of data. An RFID tag includes an antenna pad, a receiver, a state machine, and a modulator. The receiver is coupled to the antenna pad. The receiver receives a symbol from the antenna pad and outputs a received signal. The state machine is configured to determine a response symbol from the received signal and an operating state of the tag. The modulator is coupled to the antenna pad. The modulator is configured to backscatter modulate the received symbol with the response symbol. The modulator is configured to output the backscatter modulated symbol to the antenna pad.

Method, system, and apparatus for communications in a RFID system

A method, system, and apparatus for interrogating a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag population are described. Tags are interrogated by a reader. The reader and tags engage in communication according to communications algorithms, where data symbols are exchanged between the reader and tags. Furthermore, a reader implicitly controls the operating state of every tag in the tag population by transmitting a single data symbol. Bit patterns may be collected from the tags by the reader, using a variety of interrogation techniques. In a general interrogation, the reader exchanges symbols with the tag population to interrogate the entire tag population. In a specific interrogation, a reader exchanges symbols with the tag population to target a particular tag identification number. Tags may also be placed in a superposition state by the reader, where they respond whenever a received data symbol matches the next bit of their identification number.

Method, system, and apparatus for communications in a RFID system

A method, system, and apparatus for interrogating a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag population are described. Tags are interrogated by a reader. The reader and tags engage in communication according to communications algorithms, where data symbols are exchanged between the reader and tags. Furthermore, a reader implicitly controls the operating state of every tag in the tag population by transmitting a single data symbol. Bit patterns may be collected from the tags by the reader, using a variety of interrogation techniques. In a general interrogation, the reader exchanges symbols with the tag population to interrogate the entire tag population. In a specific interrogation, a reader exchanges symbols with the tag population to target a particular tag identification number. Tags may also be placed in a superposition state by the reader, where they respond whenever a received data symbol matches the next bit of their identification number.

RFID tag data retention verification and refresh

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for monitoring and refreshing data stored in radio frequency identification (RFID) tags are described. A voltage margin for data stored in memory of a tag is checked. If the voltage margin has decreased to an undesirable level, the data stored in the tag is refreshed.

System integration of RFID and MIMO technologies

An embodiment of the present invention provides a system including a plurality of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags and a reader. Each RFID tag of the plurality of RFID tags backscatter transmits a signal. In one embodiment, the reader includes a plurality of antennas and a signal processor. In another embodiment, the system includes a signal processor and a plurality of readers each including an antenna. In either embodiment, each antenna receives a plurality of signals corresponding to the backscatter transmitted signals. The signal processor combines the received plurality of signals to produce an output signal.

Optimized operation of a dense reader system

Methods, systems and apparatuses for RFID readers forming a reader network are described. In an aspect of the present invention, a plurality of RFID readers are configured to interrogate tags. Furthermore, the readers are configured to communicate with one another. Each of the readers include a ID number which identifies that particular reader within a reader network during communications. Each reader includes a network interface module and an optimization module to receive and process statistical data obtained from other readers in the network. Aspects of the present invention include a 'primary/secondary' reader network configuration, as well as a 'distributed elements' reader network configuration. A set of operational rules for the environment is indicated, and tag interrogations are optimized according to the rules. Readers may communicate according to a "Listen Before Talk" (LBT) protocol to avoid undesirable interference. Individual readers are capable of dynamically establishing ...

Radio frequency identification architecture

A radio frequency identification (RFID) architecture is described. RFID tags are interrogated by a reader, which may be located in a network of readers. The reader transmits symbols to the tags. Tags respond to the interrogations with symbols that each represent one or more bits of data. An RFID tag includes an antenna pad, a receiver, a state machine, and a modulator. The receiver is coupled to the antenna pad. The receiver receives a symbol from the antenna pad and outputs a received signal. The state machine is configured to determine a response symbol from the received signal and an operating state of the tag. The modulator is coupled to the antenna pad. The modulator is configured to backscatter modulate the received symbol with the response symbol. The modulator is configured to output the backscatter modulated symbol to the antenna pad.

Method, system, and apparatus for communicating with a RFID tag population

A method, system, and apparatus for communicating with a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag population that includes one or more tags are described. The tags are interrogated by a reader which may be located in a network of readers. The reader interrogates the tags by transmitting data symbols to the tags. Tags respond to the reader with backscatter symbols. Bit patterns, such as identification numbers stored in the tags, are collected from the plurality of tags without collisions. Collisions are avoided because the backscatter symbols transmitted by the tags use different characteristics to represent different data bits. For example, a first backscatter symbol frequency is used by the tag to represent a "0" bit, and a second backscatter symbol frequency is used by the tag to represent a "1" bit.

Radio frequency identification architecture

A radio frequency identification (RFID) architecture is described. RFID tags are interrogated by a reader, which may be located in a network of readers. The reader transmits symbols to the tags. Tags respond to the interrogations with symbols that each represent one or more bits of data. An RFID tag includes an antenna pad, a receiver, a state machine, and a modulator. The receiver is coupled to the antenna pad. The receiver receives a symbol from the antenna pad and outputs a received signal. The state machine is configured to determine a response symbol from the received signal and an operating state of the tag. The modulator is coupled to the antenna pad. The modulator is configured to backscatter modulate the received symbol with the response symbol. The modulator is configured to output the backscatter modulated symbol to the antenna pad.

Radio frequency identification architecture

A radio frequency identification (RFID) architecture is described. RFID tags are interrogated by a reader, which may be located in a network of readers. The reader transmits symbols to the tags. Tags respond to the interrogations with symbols that each represent one or more bits of data. An RFID tag includes an antenna pad, a receiver, a state machine, and a modulator. The receiver is coupled to the antenna pad. The receiver receives a symbol from the antenna pad and outputs a received signal. The state machine is configured to determine a response symbol from the received signal and an operating state of the tag. The modulator is coupled to the antenna pad. The modulator is configured to backscatter modulate the received symbol with the response symbol. The modulator is configured to output the backscatter modulated symbol to the antenna pad.

Method and apparatus for signal processing in RFID receivers

The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for demodulation and decoding of backscattered RFID tag signals, represented by their in-phase and quadrature components at the output of the demodulator in the receiver portion of a reader interrogator. Correlation coefficients for the in-phase and quadrature components of the received signal are calculated over a shifted bit interval. Performing a correlation over a shifted bit interval relative to the real bit interval allows the base-band receiver to involve a two-bit interval in making a decision about each transmitted bit. In contrast, in a conventional decoding algorithm, a single bit interval is involved in the decision-making process. Thus, the current method provides a 3 dB energy gain compared to the conventional method. A single zero-mean reference signal is used to compute correlation coefficients, eliminating constant components of the received signal, and simplifying digital implementation of the base-band receiver. A ...

Coordination of radio frequency communications amongst radio frequency identification (RFID) readers

Methods and apparatuses are described for reducing interference amongst frequency identification (RFID) readers operating within an interference range. Groups of frequencies from a range of frequencies are determined such that RFID readers transmitting on adjacent frequencies in a particular group of frequencies experience substantially negligible interference. A first group of frequencies is selected for a first time period of operation. RFID readers are each assigned a unique frequency from the first group of frequencies. At the end of the first time period, a second group of frequencies is selected and RFID readers are each assigned unique frequencies from the second group of frequencies. Substantially all frequencies of the groups of frequencies are assigned during a predetermined time duration.

Methods and systems for the negotiation of a population of RFID tags with improved security

Methods and systems for the negotiation of a population of RFID tags with improved security is provided. In one aspect, tags are singulated without using information that directly identifies the tags in the tag population. A key is generated to identify each RFID tag of the population of RFID tags. The generated key does not include bits identifying an item with which the particular RFID tag is associated. An algorithm is operated to identify one or more tags in the population of RFIDs tags using the generated keys. In another aspect, frequency hopping and/or spread spectrum techniques are used to provide improved security while negotiating tags. In another aspect, the reader causes the tags to scroll series of bits back to the reader for each bit sent to the tags to provide improved security.

Optimization of a binary tree traversal with secure communications

Methods and systems for the negotiation of a population of RFID tags with improved security is provided. In one aspect, a binary traversal is performed to singulate tags without using information that directly identifies the tags in the tag population. A key is generated to identify each RFID tag of the population of RFID tags. The generated key does not include bits identifying an item with which the particular RFID tag is associated. A binary tree algorithm is operated to identify one or more tags in the population of RFIDs tags using the generated keys. In another aspect, frequency hopping and/or spread spectrum techniques are used to provide improved security while negotiating tags. In another aspect, the reader causes the tags to scroll series of bits back to the reader for each bit sent to the tags to provide improved security.

Optimized operation of a dense reader system

Methods, systems and apparatuses for RFID readers forming a reader network are described. In an aspect of the present invention, a plurality of RFID readers are configured to interrogate tags. Furthermore, the readers are configured to communicate with one another. Each of the readers include a ID number which identifies that particular reader within a reader network during communications. Each reader includes a network interface module and an optimization module to receive and process statistical data obtained from other readers in the network. Aspects of the present invention include a primary/secondary reader network configuration, as well as a distributed elements reader network configuration. A set of operational rules for the environment is indicated, and tag interrogations are optimized according to the rules. Readers may communicate according to a Listen Before Talk (LBT) protocol to avoid undesirable interference. Individual readers are capable of dynamically establishing and joining ...

Imaging and Locating Systems and Methods for a Swallowable Sensor Device

The present invention is directed to locating and imaging with a swallowable sensor device disposed in a patient. The swallowable sensor device transmits an acoustic signal from inside a patient's body. A plurality of sensing elements receive the acoustic signal. A computation module determines a location of the swallowable sensor device with respect to the plurality of sensing elements based on the acoustic signal received by at least a subset of the plurality of sensing elements. A three-dimensional image of an interior portion of the patient can also be formed based on the received acoustic signal. The three-dimensional image may be formed by stereoscopically displaying two two-dimensional images of the interior portion, wherein the two two-dimensional images correspond to the swallowable sensor device being located at two different locations. Alternatively, the three-dimensional image may be formed by computing three-dimensional pixels of the interior portion.

Method for acoustic information exchange involving an ingestible low power capsule

A method of communicating with an ingestible capsule includes detecting the location of the ingestible capsule, focusing a multi-sensor acoustic array on the ingestible capsule, and communicating an acoustic information exchange with the ingestible capsule via the multi-sensor acoustic array. The ingestible capsule includes a sensor that receives a stimulus inside the gastrointestinal tract of an animal, a bidirectional acoustic information communications module that transmits an acoustic information signal containing information from the sensor, and an acoustically transmissive encapsulation that substantially encloses the sensor and communications module, wherein the acoustically transmissive encapsulation is of ingestible size. The multi-sensor array includes a plurality of acoustic transducers that receive an acoustic signal from a movable device, and a plurality of delays, wherein each delay is coupled to a corresponding acoustic transducer. Each delay may be adjusted according to ...

Methods and systems for the negotiation of a population of RFID tags with improved security

Methods and systems for the negotiation of a population of RFID tags with improved security is provided. In one aspect, tags are singulated without using information that directly identifies the tags in the tag population. A key is generated to identify each RFID tag of the population of RFID tags. The generated key does not include bits identifying an item with which the particular RFID tag is associated. An algorithm is operated to identify one or more tags in the population of RFIDs tags using the generated keys. In another aspect, frequency hopping and/or spread spectrum techniques are used to provide improved security while negotiating tags. In another aspect, the reader causes the tags to scroll series of bits back to the reader for each bit sent to the tags to provide improved security.

RFID tag data retention verification and refresh

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for monitoring and refreshing data stored in radio frequency identification (RFID) tags are described. A voltage margin for data stored in memory of a tag is checked. If the voltage margin has decreased to an undesirable level, the data stored in the tag is refreshed.

Identification tag utilizing charge pumps for voltage supply generation and data recovery

An identification (ID) tag includes a substrate having an input capable of receiving a high frequency signal. For instance, the high frequency signal can be a radio frequency (RF) signal that is generated as part of a radio frequency (RF) ID system. A first charge pump is coupled to the input and is configured to convert the high frequency signal to a substantially direct current (DC) voltage. A data recovery circuit is coupled to the input and is capable of recovering data from the high frequency signal. A back scatter switch is coupled to the input and is capable of modifying an impedance of the input, responsive to a control signal. A state machine is disposed on the substrate and is responsive to the data recovered by the second charge pump, where the state machine is capable of generating the control signal for the back scatter switch in response to the data. The DC voltage from the first charge pump is capable of providing a voltage supply for at least one of the data recovery circuit ...

Catheter pump

A heart pump and a catheter assembly therefor are provided that include a flexible catheter body having a proximal end and a distal end, the catheter body having a plurality of lumens therethrough. The catheter body can be sufficiently flexible to extend from a peripheral access to a patient's heart. The catheter assembly can also include an impeller assembly having an impeller and a housing. The impeller assembly can be coupled with the flexible catheter body such that a tensile force applied to opposite ends of the catheter assembly enhances the security of the connection between the catheter body and the impeller assembly.

PERCUTANEOUS HEART PUMP

Disclosed herein are heart pumps that can include a catheter body and an impeller coupled with a distal end of the catheter body. The impeller can include a tip that is resealable or that includes a resealable member. The heart pump can also include a diffuser disposed between the distal end of the catheter body and the impeller, wherein the diffuser includes a flow directing surface. 1. A heart pump comprisinga catheter body comprising a proximal end, a distal end, and an elongate body extending therebetween; andan impeller coupled with the distal end of the catheter body and comprising an axial lumen passing through a distal end of the impeller;wherein the impeller comprises a tip positioned at the distal end of the impeller, the tip comprising a resealable member having a resealable path therethrough.2. The heart pump of claim 1 , wherein the resealable member comprises a distal tapered portion.3. The heart pump of claim 1 , wherein the resealable member comprises a first elastomeric material and the tip comprises a second material that is different from the first elastomeric material.4. The heart pump of claim 1 , wherein the impeller is coupled with the catheter body through a drive shaft.5. The heart pump of claim 4 , wherein the resealable member is coupled to the drive shaft of the impeller.6. The heart pump of claim 5 , wherein a distal portion of the drive shaft is disposed within the resealable member.7. The heart pump of claim 5 , wherein the drive shaft is disposed within the axial lumen of the impeller.8. The heart pump of claim 1 , wherein the impeller tip further comprises a non-resealable portion having a non-resealable path therethrough that extends distally of the resealable member claim 1 , the resealable and non-resealable paths being co-linear.9. The heart pump of claim 8 , wherein the non-resealable portion surrounds an outer surface of the resealable member.10. The heart pump of claim 8 , wherein the non-resealable portion comprises a distal- ...

Method, system, and apparatus for remote data calibration of a RFID tag population

A method, system, and apparatus for remotely calibrating data symbols received by a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag population are described. Tags are interrogated by a reader, which may be located in a network of readers. The reader transmits data symbols to the tags. Tags respond to the interrogations with symbols that each represent one or more bits of data. To calibrate the tags, the reader transmits a plurality of pulses of different lengths to the tag population. The tags receive the plurality of pulses. A characteristic of each pulse, such as a pulse length, is stored by the tags. The stored pulse lengths are used to define different data symbols that are subsequently received by the tags from the reader.

Method, system, and apparatus for remote data calibration of a RFID tag population

A method, system, and apparatus for remotely calibrating data symbols received by a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag population are described. Tags are interrogated by a reader, which may be located in a network of readers. The reader transmits data symbols to the tags. Tags respond to the interrogations with symbols that each represent one or more bits of data. To calibrate the tags, the reader transmits a plurality of pulses of different lengths to the tag population. The tags receive the plurality of pulses. A characteristic of each pulse, such as a pulse length, is stored by the tags. The stored pulse lengths are used to define different data symbols that are subsequently received by the tags from the reader.

System and method for manufacturing a swallowable sensor device

Methods and systems for manufacturing a swallowable sensor device are disclosed. Such a method includes mechanically coupling a plurality of internal components, wherein the plurality of internal components includes a printed circuit board having a plurality of projections extending radially outward. A cavity is filled with a potting material, and the mechanically coupled components are inserted into the cavity. The cavity may be pre-filled with the potting material, or may be filled after the mechanically coupled components have been inserted therein. A distal end of each projection abuts against a wall of the cavity thereby preventing the potting material from covering each distal end. The cavity is sealed with a cap causing the potting material to harden within the sealed cavity to form a housing of the swallowable sensor device, wherein the distal end of each projection is exposed to an external environment of the swallowable sensor device.

PERCUTANEOUS HEART PUMP

A heart pump and a catheter assembly therefor are provided that include a flexible catheter body having a proximal end and a distal end, the catheter body having a plurality of lumens therethrough. The catheter body can be sufficiently flexible to extend from a peripheral access to a patient's heart. The catheter assembly can also include an impeller assembly having an impeller and a housing. The impeller assembly can be coupled with the flexible catheter body such that a tensile force applied to opposite ends of the catheter assembly enhances the security of the connection between the catheter body and the impeller assembly.

Displaying image data from a scanner capsule

An ingestible image scanning pill captures high resolution images of the GI tract as it passes through. Images communicated externally have exact location determination. Image processing software discards duplicate information and stitches images together, line scan by line scan, to replicate a complete GI tract as if it were stretched out in a straight line. A fully linear image is displayed to a medical professional as if the GI tract had been stretched in a straight line, cut open, laid flat out on a bench for viewingall without making any incisions in a live patient.

Radio frequency identification architecture

A radio frequency identification (RFID) architecture is described. RFID tags are interrogated by a reader, which may be located in a network of readers. The reader transmits symbols to the tags. Tags respond to the interrogations with symbols that each represent one or more bits of data. An RFID tag includes an antenna pad, a receiver, a state machine, and a modulator. The receiver is coupled to the antenna pad. The receiver receives a symbol from the antenna pad and outputs a received signal. The state machine is configured to determine a response symbol from the received signal and an operating state of the tag. The modulator is coupled to the antenna pad. The modulator is configured to backscatter modulate the received symbol with the response symbol. The modulator is configured to output the backscatter modulated symbol to the antenna pad.

Sensor based selection of radio frequency identification tags

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for interacting with radio frequency identification (RFID) tags are described. A tag selector stimulates a sensor of a tag to enable a tag. A tag processor interacts with the enabled tag. The tag processor can test, program, kill, and/or otherwise interact with the tag, while enabled. In this manner large numbers of tags can be interacted with in close proximity, such as during their manufacture in a web format, because the tag selector enables a selected tag (or tags) at any one time.

Smart RFID reader antennas

Devices and systems to interrogate radio frequency identification (RFID) tags are described. Compact and inexpensive interrogation devices are realized by implementing integrated circuit chip-based RFID reader and antenna on a common substrate. The small form-factor devices may be used for quick and easy installation of RFID reader network. In an aspect, the device may be incorporated into hand-held mobile devices in order to serve as a mobile reader. In another aspect, the device may be installed as a shelf-reader or a rack-reader, displaying product-specific information on a display screen. In a further aspect, the device may comprise an appliance, whose operation can be tailored according to instructions received specific to a RFID-tagged item.

Radio frequency identification tag antenna configurations

A radio frequency identification (RFID) architecture is described. RFID tags are interrogated by a reader, which may be located in a network of readers. The reader transmits symbols to the tags. Tags respond to the interrogations with symbols that each represent one or more bits of data. An RFID tag includes an antenna pad, a receiver, a state machine, and a modulator. The receiver is coupled to the antenna pad. The receiver receives a symbol from the antenna pad and outputs a received signal. The state machine is configured to determine a response symbol from the received signal and an operating state of the tag. The modulator is coupled to the antenna pad. The modulator is configured to backscatter modulate the received symbol with the response symbol. The modulator is configured to output the backscatter modulated symbol to the antenna pad.

Ingestible Low Power Sensor Device and System for Communicating with Same

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for an ingestible sensor device are described. The ingestible sensor devices may be swallowed by an animal to diagnose one or more conditions of the animal. The ingestible sensor device may include a sensor configured to receive a stimulus inside the gastrointestinal tract of an animal, wherein the sensor is configured to output a signal having a characteristic proportional to the received stimulus. The ingestible sensor device may further include a communications module that transmits a signal modulated with the sensor output signal and a housing configured to have a size that is swallowable, wherein the housing substantially encloses the sensor and communications module.

BLOOD PUMP WITH EXPANDABLE CANNULA

A blood pump includes an impeller having a plurality of foldable blades and a cannula having a proximal portion with a fixed diameter, and a distal portion with an expandable diameter. The impeller can reside in the expandable portion of the cannula. The cannula has a collapsed condition for percutaneous delivery to a desired location within the body, and an expanded condition in which the impeller can rotate to pump blood. A flexible drive shaft can extend through the cannula for rotationally driving the impeller within the patient's body. 1. A pump , comprising:an elongated cannula having a proximal portion and a distal portion;an impeller positioned in the elongated cannula and configured to rotate about an axis; andan expandable vane assembly positioned in the elongated cannula about the axis adjacent the impeller and having a deployed configuration and a stored configuration, the vane assembly comprising a vane, the vane in the deployed configuration extending away from the axis, the vane in the stored configuration compressed inwardly towards the axis relative to the deployed configuration.2. The pump of claim 1 , wherein the vane is configured to expand to the deployed configuration by release of strain stored in the vane.3. The pump of claim 1 , wherein the distal portion of the elongated cannula includes an expandable portion having an expanded configuration and a collapsed configuration claim 1 , the vane assembly disposed in the expandable portion.4. The pump of claim 3 , wherein the vane assembly is configured to move from the stored configuration to the deployed configuration when the expandable portion moves from the collapsed configuration to the expanded configuration.5. The pump of claim 3 , wherein a free end of the vane contacts an inner wall of the expandable portion when the vane assembly is in the deployed configuration.6. The pump of claim 5 , wherein the vane assembly is positioned distally of the impeller.7. The pump of claim 6 , wherein the ...

System and Method for Manufacturing a Swallowable Sensor Device

Methods and systems for manufacturing a swallowable sensor device are disclosed. Such a method includes mechanically coupling a plurality of internal components, wherein the plurality of internal components includes a printed circuit board having a plurality of projections extending radially outward. A cavity is filled with a potting material, and the mechanically coupled components are inserted into the cavity. The cavity may be pre-filled with the potting material, or may be filled after the mechanically coupled components have been inserted therein. A distal end of each projection abuts against a wall of the cavity thereby preventing the potting material from covering each distal end. The cavity is sealed with a cap causing the potting material to harden within the sealed cavity to form a housing of the swallowable sensor device, wherein the distal end of each projection is exposed to an external environment of the swallowable sensor device.

PERCUTANEOUS HEART PUMP

Disclosed herein are heart pumps that can include a catheter body and an impeller coupled with a distal end of the catheter body. The impeller can include a tip that is resealable or that includes a resealable member. The heart pump can also include a diffuser disposed between the distal end of the catheter body and the impeller, wherein the diffuser includes a flow directing surface. 123.-. (canceled)24. A heart pump comprisingan impeller housing comprising one or more outlets, the impeller housing having a longitudinal axis;an impeller disposed with the impeller housing, the impeller comprising a blade and being configured to convey blood through the one or more outlets; andan adjustment device at a proximal end portion of the heart pump, the adjustment device configured to be disposed outside the patient,wherein the heart pump is configured to provide relative motion between the impeller housing and the impeller parallel to the longitudinal axis when the adjustment device is activated.25. The heart pump of claim 24 , wherein claim 24 , at a first axial position claim 24 , the one or more outlets is disposed proximal a proximal-most end of the blade.26. The heart pump of claim 25 , wherein claim 25 , at a second axial position claim 25 , the one or more outlets is disposed adjacent the blade.27. The heart pump of claim 24 , further comprising a rod connected to the impeller housing claim 24 , the rod configured to cause the impeller housing to translate parallel to the longitudinal axis relative to the impeller.28. The heart pump of claim 24 , wherein the adjustment device comprises a nut mechanically connected to the impeller by way of a pin claim 24 , wherein rotation of the nut causes the pin and the impeller to translate along the longitudinal axis.29. The heart pump of claim 24 , further comprising a catheter body having a distal end portion connected with a proximal end portion of the impeller housing.30. The heart pump of claim 24 , further comprising a tip ...

Imaging and locating systems and methods for a swallowable sensor device

The present invention is directed to locating and imaging with a swallowable sensor device disposed in a patient. The swallowable sensor device transmits an acoustic signal from inside a patient's body. A plurality of sensing elements receive the acoustic signal. A computation module determines a location of the swallowable sensor device with respect to the plurality of sensing elements based on the acoustic signal received by at least a subset of the plurality of sensing elements. A three-dimensional image of an interior portion of the patient can also be formed based on the received acoustic signal. The three-dimensional image may be fanned by stereoscopically displaying two two-dimensional images of the interior portion, wherein the two two-dimensional images correspond to the swallowable sensor device being located at two different locations. Alternatively, the three-dimensional image may be formed by computing three-dimensional pixels of the interior portion.

PERCUTANEOUS HEART PUMP

Disclosed herein are heart pumps that can include a catheter body and an impeller coupled with a distal end of the catheter body. The impeller can include a tip that is resealable or that includes a resealable member. The heart pump can also include a diffuser disposed between the distal end of the catheter body and the impeller, wherein the diffuser includes a flow directing surface. 123-. (canceled)24. A heart pump configured to be applied percutaneously , comprising:a catheter assembly comprising a proximal end, a distal end, and an elongate body extending therebetween;an impeller assembly comprising an impeller and a housing in which the impeller is disposed; anda sheath assembly disposed over at least a portion of the distal end of the catheter body, the sheath assembly comprising an expandable distal end operable to facilitate collapsing and expanding the impeller housing.25. The heart pump of claim 24 , wherein the expandable distal end is configured to expand when a radial force is applied claim 24 , and contract when the radial force is removed.26. The heart pump of claim 24 , wherein the expandable distal end has a conical configuration in an expanded position claim 24 , and a cylindrical configuration in a non-expanded position.27. The heart pump of claim 24 , wherein the expandable distal end includes at least one axial slit.28. The heart pump of claim 24 , wherein the expandable distal end includes a plurality of elongate members.29. The heart pump of claim 28 , wherein each of the plurality of elongate members has a length that is greater than an axial length of an outlet portion of the impeller housing.30. The heart pump of claim 28 , wherein the plurality of elongate members are made of an elastic material.31. The heart pump of claim 28 , wherein the expandable distal end includes a deformable webbing extending between the plurality of elongate members.32. The heart pump of claim 28 , wherein the plurality of elongate members have a first stiffness ...

DISPLAYING IMAGE DATA FROM A SCANNER CAPSULE

An ingestible image scanning pill captures high resolution images of the GI tract as it passes through. Images communicated externally have exact location determination. Image processing software discards duplicate information and stitches images together, line scan by line scan, to replicate a complete GI tract as if it were stretched out in a straight line. A fully linear image is displayed to a medical professional as if the GI tract had been stretched in a straight line, cut open, laid flat out on a bench for viewing—all without making any incisions in a live patient. 1. A gastro intestinal (GI) tract imaging arrangement , comprising:an ingestible imaging pill configured to capture a plurality of images of portions of a GI tract of an animal as the ingestible imaging pill passes through the GI tract;an interactive signal processing device configured to merge the plurality of images to provide a merged image of the GI tract for display and automatically identify a suspected area of a GI abnormality in the merged image.2. The GI tract imaging arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the interactive signal processing device is further configured to allow manual insertion of additional suspected areas and/or comments in connection with the merged image.3. The GI tract imaging arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the interactive signal processing device is further configured to automatically generate an alert when an emergency condition is identified.4. The GI tract imaging arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the interactive signal processing device is further configured to display the suspected abnormality with the image detail that was selected as an abnormality of interest by the automated process.5. The GI tract imaging arrangement of claim 1 , further comprising:a memory that stores a database, andwherein the interactive signal processing device is further configured to insert the merged image into the database with an index into the merged image and offset within the merged ...

Displaying Image Data From A Scanner Capsule

An ingestible image scanning pill captures high resolution images of the GI tract as it passes through. Images communicated externally have exact location determination. Image processing software discards duplicate information and stitches images together, line scan by line scan, to replicate a complete GI tract as if it were stretched out in a straight line. A fully linear image is displayed to a medical professional as if the GI tract had been stretched in a straight line, cut open, laid flat out on a bench for viewing—all without making any incisions in a live patient.

PERCUTANEOUS HEART PUMP

Disclosed herein are heart pumps that can include a catheter body and an impeller coupled with a distal end of the catheter body. The impeller can include a tip that is resealable or that includes a resealable member. The heart pump can also include a diffuser disposed between the distal end of the catheter body and the impeller, wherein the diffuser includes a flow directing surface. 123-. (canceled)24. A heart pump comprising:a catheter body including a proximal end, a distal end, and an elongate body extending between the proximal end and the distal end;a housing coupled to the distal end of the catheter body and including a distal opening and a proximal opening;an impeller coupled to the distal end of the catheter body and positioned within the housing; anda diffuser including a flow directing surface and disposed between the distal end of the catheter body and the impeller, the diffuser positioned within the housing and adjacent the proximal opening of the housing.25. The heart pump of claim 24 , wherein the diffuser is transitionable between an expanded configuration and a collapsed configuration claim 24 , wherein the diffuser has a first diameter in the expanded configuration claim 24 , and wherein the diffuser has a second diameter in the collapsed configuration that is smaller than the first diameter.26. The heart pump of claim 24 , further comprising a bearing assembly that includes a cavity that is configured to direct infusant through the bearing assembly and into the diffuser.27. The heart pump of claim 26 , wherein the diffuser further includes an outlet that is configured to direct the infusant out of the heart pump.28. The heart pump of claim 27 , wherein the outlet is located at a distal end of the diffuser.29. The heart pump of claim 27 , wherein the outlet is located at a proximal end of the diffuser.30. The heart pump of claim 26 , wherein the diffuser is configured to expand in response to the infusant being directed into the diffuser.31. The ...

Percutaneous heart pump

Disclosed herein are heart pumps that can include a catheter body and an impeller coupled with a distal end of the catheter body. The impeller can include a tip that is resealable or that includes a resealable member. The heart pump can also include a diffuser disposed between the distal end of the catheter body and the impeller, wherein the diffuser includes a flow directing surface.

Displaying image data from a scanner capsule

An ingestible image scanning pill captures high resolution images of the GI tract as it passes through. Images communicated externally have exact location determination. Image processing software discards duplicate information and stitches images together, line scan by line scan, to replicate a complete GI tract as if it were stretched out in a straight line. A fully linear image is displayed to a medical professional as if the GI tract had been stretched in a straight line, cut open, laid flat out on a bench for viewing—all without making any incisions in a live patient.

Percutaneous heart pump

Disclosed herein are heart pumps that can include a catheter body and an impeller coupled with a distal end of the catheter body. The impeller can include a tip that is resealable or that includes a resealable member. The heart pump can also include a diffuser disposed between the distal end of the catheter body and the impeller, wherein the diffuser includes a flow directing surface.

Percutaneous heart pump

Disclosed herein are heart pumps that can include a catheter body and an impeller coupled with a distal end of the catheter body. The impeller can include a tip that is resealable or that includes a resealable member. The heart pump can also include a diffuser disposed between the distal end of the catheter body and the impeller, wherein the diffuser includes a flow directing surface.

System and method for minimizing unwanted re-negotiation of a passive rfid tag

Blood pump with expandable cannula

Percutaneous heart pump

Disclosed herein are heart pumps that can include a catheter body and an impeller coupled with a distal end of the catheter body. The impeller can include a tip that is resealable or that includes a resealable member. The heart pump can also include a diffuser disposed between the distal end of the catheter body and the impeller, wherein the diffuser includes a flow directing surface.

Smart rfid reader antennas

Percutaneous heart pump

Radio frequency identification architecture

A radio frequency identification (RFID) architecture is described. RFID tags are interrogated by a reader, which may be located in a network of readers. The reader transmits symbols to the tags. Tags respond to the interrogations with symbols that each represent one or more bits of data. An RFID tag includes an antenna pad, a receiver, a state machine, a charge pump, and a modulator. The receiver is coupled to the antenna pad. The receiver receives a symbol from the antenna pad and outputs a received signal. The state machine is configured to determine a response symbol from the received signal and an operating state of the tag. The modulator is coupled to the antenna pad. The modulator is configured to backscatter modulate the received symbol with the response symbol. The modulator is configured to output the backscatter modulated symbol to the antenna pad. The charge pump is configured to convert a received high frequency signal to a substantially direct current (DC) voltage.

Percutaneous heart pump

Disclosed herein is a method of pumping blood in a patient. The method includes inserting an impeller housing and impeller into the patient, the impeller disposed within the impeller housing and having a longitudinal axis, positioning the impeller housing and the impeller at a treatment location in the patient, activating an adjustment device at a proximal end portion of the heart pump outside the patient to provide relative motion between the impeller housing and the impeller along the longitudinal axis, and pumping blood through the impeller housing along the longitudinal axis.

Percutaneous heart pump

A heart pump and a catheter assembly therefor are provided that include a flexible catheter body having a proximal end and a distal end, the catheter body having a plurality of lumens therethrough. The catheter body can be sufficiently flexible to extend from a peripheral access to a patient's heart. The catheter assembly can also include an impeller assembly having an impeller and a housing. The impeller assembly can be coupled with the flexible catheter body such that a tensile force applied to opposite ends of the catheter assembly enhances the security of the connection between the catheter body and the impeller assembly.

Percutaneous heart pump

A heart pump and a catheter assembly therefor are provided that include a flexible catheter body having a proximal end and a distal end, the catheter body having a plurality of lumens therethrough. The catheter body can be sufficiently flexible to extend from a peripheral access to a patient's heart. The catheter assembly can also include an impeller assembly having an impeller and a housing. The impeller assembly can be coupled with the flexible catheter body such that a tensile force applied to opposite ends of the catheter assembly enhances the security of the connection between the catheter body and the impeller assembly.

Radio frequency identification architecture

A radio frequency identification (RFID) architecture is described. RFID tags are interrogated by a reader, which may be located in a network of readers. The reader transmits symbols to the tags. Tags respond to the interrogations with symbols that each represent one or more bits of data. An RFID tag includes an antenna pad, a receiver, a state machine, a charge pump, and a modulator. The receiver is coupled to the antenna pad. The receiver receives a symbol from the antenna pad and outputs a received signal. The state machine is configured to determine a response symbol from the received signal and an operating state of the tag. The modulator is coupled to the antenna pad. The modulator is configured to backscatter modulate the received symbol with the response symbol. The modulator is configured to output the backscatter modulated symbol to the antenna pad. The charge pump is configured to convert a received high frequency signal to a substantially direct current (DC) voltage.

Displaying Image Data From A Scanner Capsule

An ingestible image scanning pill captures high resolution images of the GI tract as it passes through. Images communicated externally have exact location determination. Image processing software discards duplicate information and stitches images together, line scan by line scan, to replicate a complete GI tract as if it were stretched out in a straight line. A fully linear image is displayed to a medical professional as if the GI tract had been stretched in a straight line, cut open, laid flat out on a bench for viewing—all without making any incisions in a live patient.

System integration of rfid and mimo technologies

An embodiment of the present invention provides a system including a plurality of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags and a reader. Each RFID tag of the plurality of RFID tags backscatter transmits a signal. In one embodiment, the reader includes a plurality of antennas and a signal processor. In another embodiment, the system includes a signal processor and a plurality of readers each including an antenna. In either embodiment, each antenna receives a plurality of signals corresponding to the backscatter transmitted signals. The signal processor combines the received plurality of signals to produce an output signal.

Displaying image data from a scanner capsule

An ingestible image scanning pill captures high resolution images of the GI tract as it passes through. Images communicated externally have exact location determination. Image processing software discards duplicate information and stitches images together, line scan by line scan, to replicate a complete GI tract as if it were stretched out in a straight line. A fully linear image is displayed to a medical professional as if the GI tract had been stretched in a straight line, cut open, laid flat out on a bench for viewing - all without making any incisions in a live patient.

Method and apparatus for signal processing in rfid receivers

The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for demodulation and decoding of backscattered RFID tag signals, represented by their In-phase and quadrature components at the output of the demodulator In the receiver portion of a reader interrogator. Correlation coefficients for the in-phase and quadrature components of the received signal are calculated over a shifted bit interval. Performing a correlation over a shifted bit interval relative to the real bit interval allows the base-band receiver to involve a two- bit interval in making a decision about each transmitted bit In contrast, in a conventional decoding algorithm, a single bit interval is involved in the decision-making process. Thus, the current method provides a 3 dB energy gain compared to the conventional method A single zero-mean reference signal is used to compute correlation coefficients, eliminating constant components of the received signal, and simplifying digital implementation of the base-band receiver.

Optimized operation of a dense reader system with improved listen before talk communications

Methods, systems and apparatuses for RFID readers forming a reader network are described. In an aspect of the present invention, a plurality of RFID readers are configured to interrogate tags. Furthermore, the readers are configured to communicate with one another. Each reader includes a network interface module and an optimization module to receive and process statistical data obtained from other readers in the network. A set of operational rules for the environment is indicated, and tag interrogations are optimized according to the rules. Readers may communicate according to a “Listen Before Talk” (LBT) protocol to avoid undesirable interference. Individual readers are capable of dynamically establishing and joining a network, and leaving the network in a self-configured and semi-autonomous or autonomous manner.

Imaging and locating systems and methods for a swallowable sensor device

The present invention is directed to locating and imaging with a swallowable sensor device disposed in a patient. The swallowable sensor device transmits an acoustic signal from inside a patient' s body. A plurality of sensing elements receive the acoustic signal. A computation module determines a location of the swallowable sensor device with respect to the plurality of sensing elements based on the acoustic signal received by at least a subset of the plurality of sensing elements. A three- dimensional image of an interior portion of the patient can also be formed based on the received acoustic signal. The three-dimensional image may be formed by stereoscopically displaying two two-dimensional images of the interior portion, wherein the two two-dimensional images correspond to the swallowable sensor device being located at two different locations. Alternatively, the three-dimensional image may be formed by Computing three-dimensional pixels of the interior portion.

System and method for manufacturing a swallowable sensor device

Methods and systems for manufacturing a swallowable sensor device are disclosed. Such a method includes mechanically coupling a plurality of internal components, wherein the plurality of internal components includes a printed circuit board having a plurality of projections extending radially outward. A cavity is filled with a potting material, and the mechanically coupled components are inserted into the cavity. The cavity may be pre-filled with the potting material, or may be filled after the mechanically coupled components have been inserted therein. A distal end of each projection abuts against a wall of the cavity thereby preventing the potting material from covering each distal end. The cavity is sealed with a cap causing the potting material to harden within the sealed cavity to form a housing of the swallowable sensor device, wherein the distal end of each projection is exposed to an external environment of the swallowable sensor device.

Method for manufacturing a swallowable sensor device

Methods and systems for manufacturing a swallowable sensor device are disclosed. Such a method includes mechanically coupling a plurality of internal components, wherein the plurality of internal components includes a printed circuit board having a plurality of projections extending radially outward. A cavity is filled with a potting material, and the mechanically coupled components are inserted into the cavity. The cavity may be pre-filled with the potting material, or may be filled after the mechanically coupled components have been inserted therein. A distal end of each projection abuts against a wall of the cavity thereby preventing the potting material from covering each distal end. The cavity is sealed with a cap causing the potting material to harden within the sealed cavity to form a housing of the swallowable sensor device, wherein the distal end of each projection is exposed to an external environment of the swallowable sensor device.

System integration of rfid and mimo technologies

An embodiment of the present invention provides a system including a plurality of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags and a reader. Each RFID tag of the plurality of RFID tags backscatter transmits a signal. In one embodiment, the reader includes a plurality of antennas and a signal processor. In another embodiment, the system includes a signal processor and a plurality of readers each including an antenna. In either embodiment, each antenna receives a plurality of signals corresponding to the backscatter transmitted signals. The signal processor combines the received plurality of signals to produce an output signal.

System integration of rfid and mimo technologies

An embodiment of the present invention provides a system including a plurality of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags and a reader. Each RFID tag of the plurality of RFID tags backscatter transmits a signal. In one embodiment, the reader includes a plurality of antennas and a signal processor. In another embodiment, the system includes a signal processor and a plurality of readers each including an antenna. In either embodiment, each antenna receives a plurality of signals corresponding to the backscatter transmitted signals. The signal processor combines the received plurality of signals to produce an output signal.

Rfid tag data retention verification and refresh

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for monitoring and refreshing data stored in radio frequency identification (RFID) tags are described. A voltage margin for data stored in memory of a tag is checked. If the voltage margin has decreased to an undesirable level, the data stored in the tag is refreshed.

Displaying image data from a scanner capsule

An ingestible image scanning pill captures high resolution images of the GI tract as it passes through. Images communicated externally have exact location determination. Image processing software discards duplicate information and stitches images together, line scan by line scan, to replicate a complete GI tract as if it were stretched out in a straight line. A fully linear image is displayed to a medical professional as if the GI tract had been stretched in a straight line, cut open, laid flat out on a bench for viewing—all without making any incisions in a live patient.

System for manufacturing a swallowable sensor device

Methods and systems for manufacturing a swallowable sensor device are disclosed. Such a method includes mechanically coupling a plurality of internal components, wherein the plurality of internal components includes a printed circuit board having a plurality of projections extending radially outward. A cavity is filled with a potting material, and the mechanically coupled components are inserted into the cavity. The cavity may be pre-filled with the potting material, or may be filled after the mechanically coupled components have been inserted therein. A distal end of each projection abuts against a wall of the cavity thereby preventing the potting material from covering each distal end. The cavity is sealed with a cap causing the potting material to harden within the sealed cavity to form a housing of the swallowable sensor device, wherein the distal end of each projection is exposed to an external environment of the swallowable sensor device.