Multimode interference coupler for use with slot photonic crystal waveguides

The present invention provides an optical apparatus having a multimode interference coupler configured to optically couple a strip waveguide to a slot photonic crystal waveguide. The multimode interference coupler has a coupling efficiency to the slot photonic crystal waveguide greater than or equal to 90%, a width that is approximately equal to a defect width of the slot photonic crystal waveguide, a length that is equal to or less than 1.5 μm, and interfaces with the slot photonic crystal waveguide at an edge of a period that gives a termination parameter of approximately zero. The optical apparatus may also include an insulation gap disposed between the multimode interference coupler and the slot photonic crystal waveguide, wherein the length of the multimode interference coupler is reduced by approximately one half of a width of the insulation gap.

Method for Label-Free Multiple Analyte Sensing, Biosensing and Diagnostic Assay

Methods and systems for label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing and diagnostic assay chips consisting of an array of photonic crystal microcavities along a single photonic crystal waveguide are disclosed. The invention comprises an on-chip integrated microarray device that enables detection and identification of multiple species to be performed simultaneously using optical techniques leading to a high throughput device for chemical sensing, biosensing and medical diagnostics. Other embodiments are described and claimed. 1. A method for detecting one or more analytes , the method comprising:generating electromagnetic radiation from a broadband source; i. a substrate;', 'ii. a slab disposed on the substrate;', 'iii. a plurality of void columnar members etched through the slab, wherein the plurality of void columnar members form a periodic lattice with a lattice constant a;', 'iv. a core in the slab having an input side on a first end of the photonic crystal waveguide and an output side on a second end of the photonic crystal waveguide;', 'v. the photonic crystal waveguide formed within the core by a row of void columnar members from the input side to the output side, wherein the row of void columnar members is filled with the material of the slab;', 'vi. an input impedance taper in the photonic crystal waveguide at the input side of the photonic crystal waveguide in the plane of the slab, wherein the input impedance taper is formed by one or more void columnar members from the input side shifted away and normal to the photonic crystal waveguide and adjacent the length of both sides of the photonic crystal waveguide;', 'vii. an input ridge waveguide in the core coupled to the input impedance taper in the photonic crystal waveguide, in the plane of the slab;', 'viii. an output impedance taper in the photonic crystal waveguide at the output side of the photonic crystal waveguide in the plane of the slab, wherein the output impedance taper is formed by one or more ...

Slot Waveguide with Structural Modulation

Apparatuses for communication or sensing are disclosed, the apparatuses comprising a substrate; a bottom cladding disposed on the substrate; a device layer disposed on the bottom cladding, wherein the device layer comprises: two substantially parallel rails extending from an input side to an output side of the device layer and configured to form a slot between the two substantially parallel rails, wherein each of the two substantially parallel rails comprises an inner edge adjacent to the slot and an outer edge opposite the slot; and one or more teeth coupled to each of the two substantially parallel rails; and a top cladding disposed onto the device layer and bottom cladding; wherein the bottom cladding, the device layer, and the top cladding are configured to support at least one optical guided mode. Other embodiments are described and claimed. 1. An apparatus for communication or sensing comprising:a substrate;a bottom cladding disposed on the substrate; two substantially parallel rails extending from an input side to an output side of the device layer and configured to form a slot between the two substantially parallel rails, wherein each of the two substantially parallel rails comprises an inner edge adjacent to the slot and an outer edge opposite the slot; and', 'one or more teeth coupled to each of the two substantially parallel rails; and, 'a device layer disposed on the bottom cladding, wherein the device layer comprisesa top cladding disposed onto the device layer and bottom cladding;wherein the bottom cladding, the device layer, and the top cladding are configured to support at least one optical guided mode.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an input taper coupled to the input side of the device layer and an output taper coupled to the output side of the device layer.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising an input inverse taper coupler coupled to the input taper opposite the device layer and an output inverse taper coupler coupled ...

Method for label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing and diagnostic assay

Methods and systems for label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing and diagnostic assay chips consisting of an array of photonic crystal microcavities along a single photonic crystal waveguide are disclosed. The invention comprises an on-chip integrated microarray device that enables detection and identification of multiple species to be performed simultaneously using optical techniques leading to a high throughput device for chemical sensing, biosensing and medical diagnostics. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Beam splitting ball lens, method for its manufacture, and apparatus for its packaging

Accordingly, a beam-splitting ball lens is provided. The beam-splitting ball lens has: a ball lens; and a beam-splitter filter disposed within the ball lens. The ball lens preferably has first and second portions wherein the beam-splitter filter is disposed at a junction between the first and second portions. The beam-splitting ball lens can further have a mid-plane optical element disposed at the junction such as, a wavelength selective filter, a polarization component, an amplitude modulation mask, a phase modulation mask, a hologram and/or a grating. Also provided is a method for fabricating the beam-splitting ball lens of the present invention. The method includes the steps of: providing the ball lens; and disposing the beam-splitter filter within the ball lens. Preferably the disposing step includes: dividing the ball lens into first and second portions; and disposing the beam-splitter filter at the junction between the first and second portions. Also provided is a mount for the beam-splitting ...

Packaged chip for multiplexing photonic crystal microcavity coupled waveguide and photonic crystal slot waveguide devices for chip-integrated label-free detection and absorption spectroscopy with high throughput, sensitivity, specificity, and wide dynamic range

Systems and methods for chip-integrated label-free detection and absorption spectroscopy with high throughput, sensitivity, and specificity are disclosed. The invention comprises packaged chips for multiplexing photonic crystal microcavity waveguide and photonic crystal slot waveguide devices. The packaged chips comprise crossing waveguides to prevent leakage of fluids from the microfluidic channels from the trenches or voids around the light guiding waveguides. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Method for the chip-integrated spectroscopic identification of solids, liquids, and gases

Methods and systems for a label-free on-chip optical absorption spectrometer consisting of a photonic crystal slot waveguide are disclosed. The invention comprises an on-chip integrated optical absorption spectroscopy device that combines the slow light effect in photonic crystal waveguide and optical field enhancement in a slot waveguide and enables detection and identification of multiple analytes to be performed simultaneously using optical absorption techniques leading to a device for chemical and biological sensing, trace detection, and identification via unique analyte absorption spectral signatures. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

System, method and apparatus for improved electrical-to-optical transmitters disposed within printed circuit boards

The present invention provides a system, method and apparatus for improved electrical-to-optical transmitters ( 100 ) disposed within printed circuit boards ( 104 ). The heat sink ( 110, 200 ) is a thermal conductive material disposed within a cavity ( 102 ) of the printed circuit board ( 104 ) and is thermally coupled to a bottom surface ( 112 ) of the electrical-to-optical transmitter ( 100 ). A portion of the thermal conductive material extends approximately to an outer surface ( 120, 122 or 124 ) of a layer ( 114, 116 or 118 ) of the printed circuit board ( 104 ). The printed circuit board may comprise a planarized signal communications system or an optoelectronic signal communications system. In addition, the present invention provides a method for fabricating the heat sink wherein the electrical-to-optical transmitter disposed within a cavity of the printed circuit board is fabricated. New methods for flexible waveguides and micro-mirror couplers are also provided.

Packaged chip for multiplexing photonic crystal waveguide and photonic crystal slot waveguide devices for chip-integrated label-free detection and absorption spectroscopy with high throughput, sensitivity, and specificity

Systems and methods for chip-integrated label-free detection and absorption spectroscopy with high throughput, sensitivity, and specificity are disclosed. The invention comprises packaged chips for multiplexing photonic crystal waveguide and photonic crystal slot waveguide devices. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

System, method and apparatus for improved electrical-to-optical transmitters disposed within printed circuit boards

The present invention provides a system, method and apparatus for improved electrical-to-optical transmitters ( 100 ) disposed within printed circuit boards ( 104 ). The heat sink ( 110, 200 ) is a thermal conductive material disposed within a cavity ( 102 ) of the printed circuit board ( 104 ) and is thermally coupled to a bottom surface ( 112 ) of the electrical-to-optical transmitter ( 100 ). A portion of the thermal conductive material extends approximately to an outer surface ( 120, 122 or 124 ) of a layer ( 114, 116 or 118 ) of the printed circuit board ( 104 ). The printed circuit board may comprise a planarized signal communications system or an optoelectronic signal communications system. In addition, the present invention provides a method for fabricating the heat sink wherein the electrical-to-optical transmitter disposed within a cavity of the printed circuit board is fabricated. New methods for flexible waveguides and micro-mirror couplers are also provided.

Systems and devices for dynamic processing of optical signals

Optical systems are disclosed which include one or more components such as an optical multiplexer, an optical demultiplexer, and, an optical amplifier. An optical device is included in the optical system and is configured to communicate with the optical component(s). The optical device includes a substrate proximate to which is disposed a first waveguide array. A second waveguide array is also provided that is disposed proximate the substrate so that a portion of the second waveguide array intersects a portion of the first waveguide array at a predetermined angle, so that a junction is formed. An index of refraction associated with the junction can be varied so that desirable effects can be implemented concerning optical signals transmitted through the waveguides.

Method for the chip-integrated spectroscopic identification of solids, liquids, and gases

Methods and systems for a label-free on-chip optical absorption spectrometer consisting of a photonic crystal slot waveguide are disclosed. The invention comprises an on-chip integrated optical absorption spectroscopy device that combines the slow light effect in photonic crystal waveguide and optical field enhancement in a slot waveguide and enables detection and identification of multiple analytes to be performed simultaneously using optical absorption techniques leading to a device for chemical and biological sensing, trace detection, and identification via unique analyte absorption spectral signatures. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Optical devices with transverse-coupled-cavity

A light-emitting device is provided. The light-emitting device can include a main cavity formed within an epitaxial structure that is configured to generate light in response to having an electrical current provided thereto. The light-emitting device can also include a plurality of feedback cavities also formed within the epitaxial structure, where each of the plurality of feedback cavities are transversely-coupled with the main cavity to receive light from the main cavity and reflect at least some feedback light back into the main cavity. The light-emitting device may provide enhanced modulation bandwidth or ultra-high speed communication capabilities.

Miniaturized reconfigurable DWDM add/drop system for optical communication system

A DWDM add/drop system for use in optical communication system is disclosed. Using semiconductor fabrication techniques, a plurality of waveguide arrays and signal carriers are substantially symmetrically arranged about an optical axis of the system. Electrode heaters are provided proximate junctions created at the intersections of selected waveguides. Using the heaters, portions of optical signals may be redirected to other waveguides. In addition, the heaters may be used to attenuate or otherwise modify signals in the waveguides. The waveguide arrays are arranged such that a plurality of signal processing operations may be performed substantially simultaneously. In a preferred embodiment, the switches and waveguide arrays are coupled with a light focusing device and a dispersion apparatus to form a switched, combined multiplexer/demultiplexer having signal attenuation and modification capabilities.

Two-dimensional photonic crystal microarray measurement method and apparatus for highly-sensitive label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing, and diagnostic assay

Methods and systems for highly-sensitive label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing, and diagnostic assay are disclosed. The systems comprise an on-chip integrated two-dimensional photonic crystal sensor chip. The invention provides modulation methods, wavelength modulation and intensity modulation, to monitor the resonance mode shift of the photonic crystal microarray device and further provides methods and systems that enable detection and identification of multiple species to be performed simultaneously with one two-dimensional photonic crystal sensor chip device for high throughput chemical sensing, biosensing, and medical diagnostics. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Add/drop module using two full-ball lenses

An optical device has a housing for receiving a plurality of optical fibers adapted to carry optical signals. A filter is disposed within the housing for transmitting specific optical signals having a predetermined wavelength range. A first ball lens is coupled to the housing and is positioned relative to the filter and the optical fibers to selectively collimate and focus the optical signals. A second ball lens is coupled to the housing and is also positioned relative to the filter and optical fibers to selectively collimate and focus the optical signals. Both ball lenses are optically coupled to the filter.

Method for fabricating and packaging an M×N phased-array antenna

A method for fabricating an M×N, P-bit phased-array antenna on a flexible substrate is disclosed. The method comprising ink jet printing and hardening alignment marks, antenna elements, transmission lines, switches, an RF coupler, and multilayer interconnections onto the flexible substrate. The substrate of the M×N, P-bit phased-array antenna may comprise an integrated control circuit of printed electronic components such as, photovoltaic cells, batteries, resistors, capacitors, etc. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Beam splitting ball lens method for its manufacture and apparatus for its packaging

Accordingly, a beam-splitting ball lens is provided. The beam-splitting ball lens has: a ball lens; and a beam-splitter filter disposed within the ball lens. The ball lens preferably has first and second portions wherein the beam-splitter filter is disposed at a junction between the first and second portions. The beam-splitting ball lens can further have a mid-plane optical element disposed at the junction such as, a wavelength selective filter, a polarization component, an amplitude modulation mask, a phase modulation mask, a hologram and/or a grating. Also provided is a method for fabricating the beam-splitting ball lens of the present invention. The method includes the steps of: providing the ball lens; and disposing the beam-splitter filter within the ball lens. Preferably the disposing step includes: dividing the ball lens into first and second portions; and disposing the beam-splitter filter at the junction between the first and second portions. Also provided is a mount for the beam-splitting ...

Method Of Manufacturing Polymer Optical Waveguides And Devices Thereof

A fully additive method for forming optical waveguides and devices, such as thermo-optic polymer switches and electro-optic polymer modulators, is disclosed. A first polymer material of refractive index N1 is coated onto a suitable substrate to form a first cladding layer. The first cladding is then selectively patterned using a mold to form an impression of the waveguide core into the first cladding layer. Next, a core layer is formed by ink-jet printing onto the imprinted first cladding layer with a core material of refractive index N2 (N2>N1). The core layer is subsequently coated by ink jet printing with a second polymer material of refractive index N3 (N3 Подробнее

Integrated photonic crystal structures and their applications

Devices, methods and systems based on integrated photonic crystal structures are disclosed. An integrated photonic crystal structure includes a photonic crystal structure and a defect member disposed adjacent the photonic crystal structure. The defect member includes a photoconductive material. The integrated photonic crystal structure is configured to receive an input light signal such that the input light signal is internally reflected within the photonic crystal structure and the defect member, such that the input light signal is absorbed by the photoconductive material in the defect member, and such that a property of the photoconductive material is changed to thereby output an output signal.

Method for Label-Free Multiple Analyte Sensing, Biosensing and Diagnostic Assay

Methods and systems for label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing and diagnostic assay chips consisting of an array of photonic crystal microcavities along a single photonic crystal waveguide are disclosed. The invention comprises an on-chip integrated microarray device that enables detection and identification of multiple species to be performed simultaneously using optical techniques leading to a high throughput device for chemical sensing, biosensing and medical diagnostics. Other embodiments are described and claimed. 1. A method for preparing a device for detecting one or more label-free analytes and detecting the one or more label-free analytes , the method comprising:generating electromagnetic radiation from a broadband source; i) a substrate;', 'ii) a slab disposed on the substrate;', 'iii) a plurality of void columnar members etched through the slab, wherein the plurality of void columnar members form a periodic lattice with a lattice constant α;', 'iv) a core in the slab having an input side and an output side;', 'v) a photonic crystal waveguide formed within the core by a row of void columnar members from the input side to the output side, wherein the row of void columnar members is filled with the material of the slab;', 'vi) an input impedance taper in the photonic crystal waveguide at the input side;', 'vii) an input ridge waveguide in the core coupled to the input impedance taper in the photonic crystal waveguide, along the slab, wherein the input impedance taper is configured to couple the electromagnetic radiation between the input ridge waveguide and the core;', 'viii) an output impedance taper in the photonic crystal waveguide at the output side;', 'ix) an output ridge waveguide in the core coupled to the output impedance taper in the photonic crystal waveguide, along the slab, wherein the output impedance taper is configured to couple the electromagnetic radiation between the core and the output ridge waveguide; and', 'x) an array of ...

Method Of Manufacturing Multilayer Interconnects For Printed Electronic Systems

A fully additive method for forming multilayer electrical interconnects for printed electronic and/or optoelectronic devices is disclosed. Electrical interconnects are fabricated by directly ink-jet printing a dielectric material with selective interconnection holes, and then ink jet printing conductive patterns and filling the interconnection holes with conductive material to form multilayer interconnects. A method for manufacturing a multilayer printed electronic system utilizing the invention is also disclosed. Other embodiments are described and claimed. 1. A method for manufacturing multilayer electrical interconnects comprising:ink jet printing a first dielectric layer on a substrate, wherein the substrate comprises one or more electronic or optoelectronic devices and one or more alignment marks;ink jet printing a first interconnection layer on the first dielectric layer;ink-jet printing a second dielectric layer on the first interconnection layer; andink jet printing a second interconnection layer on the second dielectric layer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein ink jet printing the first dielectric layer comprises:determining the position of the alignment marks on the substrate;depositing a first liquid dielectric material on the substrate to form one or more vias through the first liquid dielectric material, wherein the one or more vias through the first liquid dielectric material allow access to the one or more electronic or optoelectronic devices; andcuring the first liquid dielectric material, wherein curing the first liquid dielectric material comprises irradiating the first liquid dielectric material with UV, heating the first liquid dielectric material, exposing the first liquid dielectric material to high power, short light pulses, and/or air drying the first liquid dielectric material.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein ink jet printing the first interconnection layer comprises:determining the position of the alignment marks on the substrate; ...

Two-dimensional surface normal slow-light photonic crystal waveguide optical phased array

Methods and devices for optical beam steering are disclosed including coupling a laser light into an apparatus comprising a first substrate; an array of air core photonic crystal waveguides; columnar members etched around each air core waveguide; a pair of metal electrodes around the columnar members; a trench around the pair of metal electrodes surrounding each air core photonic crystal waveguide; a second substrate coupled to the first substrate comprising electrical interconnection lines; and a holographic fanout array comprising a third substrate; a photopolymer film coated on the third substrate; a hologram written in the photopolymer film configured to couple the laser light into the third substrate; and an array of holograms recorded in the photopolymer film configured to couple a portion of the laser light into the waveguides; and passing a current through the electrodes to induce a refractive index change in the first substrate to control the phase of the portion of the laser light ...

Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal MicroArray Measurement Method and Apparatus for Highly-Sensitive Label-Free Multiple Analyte Sensing, Biosensing, and Diagnostic Assay

Methods and systems for highly-sensitive label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing, and diagnostic assay are disclosed. The systems comprise an on-chip integrated two-dimensional photonic crystal sensor chip. The invention provides modulation methods, wavelength modulation and intensity modulation, to monitor the resonance mode shift of the photonic crystal microarray device and further provides methods and systems that enable detection and identification of multiple species to be performed simultaneously with one two-dimensional photonic crystal sensor chip device for high throughput chemical sensing, biosensing, and medical diagnostics. Other embodiments are described and claimed. 1. An apparatus for highly-sensitive , label-free , multiple analyte sensing , biosensing , and diagnostic assay comprising:an electromagnetic radiation source comprising an output;input coupling optics comprising an input and an output, wherein the output of the electromagnetic radiation is coupled to the input of the input coupling optics; (i) an input;', '(ii) one or more photonic crystal waveguides;', '(iii) one or more photonic crystal microcavities coupled to the one or more photonic crystal waveguides;', '(iv) one or more target binding molecules coated on the one or more photonic crystal microcavities; and', '(v) an output;', '(vi) wherein the output of the input coupling optics is coupled to the input of the two-dimensional photonic crystal sensor chip;', '(vii) wherein each of the one or more photonic crystal microcavities along one of the one or more photonic crystal waveguides has a unique resonance frequency that does not overlap with resonance frequencies of any other photonic crystal microcavity along the one of the one or more photonic crystal waveguides; and', '(viii) wherein the one or more photonic crystal microcavities with the one or more target binding molecules coated on the one or more photonic crystal microcavities uniquely support one or more resonance ...

Photonic Crystal MicroArray Layouts for Enhanced Sensitivity and Specificity of Label-Free Multiple Analyte Sensing, Biosensing and Diagnostic Assay

Methods and systems for label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing and diagnostic assay chips consisting of an array of photonic crystal microcavities along a single photonic crystal waveguide are disclosed. The invention comprises an on-chip integrated microarray device that enables detection and identification of multiple species to be performed simultaneously using optical techniques leading to a high throughput device for chemical sensing, biosensing and medical diagnostics. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Slot waveguide with structural modulation

Apparatuses for communication or sensing are disclosed, the apparatuses comprising a substrate; a bottom cladding disposed on the substrate; a device layer disposed on the bottom cladding, wherein the device layer comprises: two substantially parallel rails extending from an input side to an output side of the device layer and configured to form a slot between the two substantially parallel rails, wherein each of the two substantially parallel rails comprises an inner edge adjacent to the slot and an outer edge opposite the slot; and one or more teeth coupled to each of the two substantially parallel rails; and a top cladding disposed onto the device layer and bottom cladding; wherein the bottom cladding, the device layer, and the top cladding are configured to support at least one optical guided mode. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Photonic crystal band-shifting device for dynamic control of light transmission

An active device for dynamic control of lightwave transmission properties has at least one photonic crystal waveguide that has anti-reflection photonic crystal waveguides with gradually changed group refractive indices at both input and output side. An alternating voltage or current signal applied to two electrically conductive regions changes the refractive indices of the photonic crystal materials, introducing a certain degree of blue-shift or red-shift of the transmission spectrum of the photonic crystal waveguide. The output lightwave with frequency close to the band-edge of the photonic crystal waveguide is controlled by the input electric signal. Devices having one or more such active photonic crystal waveguides may be utilized as an electro-optic modulator, an optical switch, or a tunable optical filter.

Photonic crystal microarray device for label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing and diagnostic assay chips

Methods and systems for label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing and diagnostic assay chips consisting of an array of photonic crystal microcavities along a single photonic crystal waveguide are disclosed. The invention comprises an on-chip integrated microarray device that enables detection and identification of multiple species to be performed simultaneously using optical techniques leading to a high throughput device for chemical sensing, biosensing and medical diagnostics. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Monolithically Integrated Mid-Infrared Two-Dimensional Optical Phased Array

A novel, monolithically integrated mid-IR optical phased array (OPA) structure which eliminates the wafer bonding process to achieve highly efficient surface emitting optical beam steering in two dimensions is disclosed. Since solar energy is about 15-20 times smaller than that at 1.55 um, mid-IR is more favorable for the atmospheric transmission due to lower solar radiance backgrounds. For the beam steering, thermo-optic phase shifting is used for azimuthal plane beam steering and laser wavelength tuning is used for elevation plane beam steering. The OPA structure disclosed comprises a wavelength- tunable a QCL, a 1×32 splitter, thermo-optic phase-shifters, and sub-wavelength grating emitters. The disclosed OPA provides a low-cost, low-loss, low-power consumption, robust, small footprint, apparatus that may be used with expendable UAV swarms. A LiDAR may be created by monolithically integrating a QCD with the apparatus. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Method of manufacturing polymer optical waveguides and devices thereof

A fully additive method for forming optical waveguides and devices, such as thermo-optic polymer switches and electro-optic polymer modulators, is disclosed. A first polymer material of refractive index N1 is coated onto a suitable substrate to form a first cladding layer. The first cladding is then selectively patterned using a mold to form an impression of the waveguide core into the first cladding layer. Next, a core layer is formed by ink-jet printing onto the imprinted first cladding layer with a core material of refractive index N2 (N2>N1). The core layer is subsequently coated by ink-jet printing with a second polymer material of refractive index N3 (N3 Подробнее

Compression-molded three-dimensional tapered universal waveguide couplers

The present invention is a three-dimensional tapered waveguide coupler capable of interconnecting electro-optical devices with differing optical mode profiles. The ends of the waveguide are configured to match the optical mode profiles of the electro-optical devices that the waveguide interconnects. The waveguide adiabatically transmits the fundamental mode of the photo-optic signal from the electro-optical device at the waveguide's input end to a different electro-optical device at the waveguide's output end. A single coupler can be configured with one or more waveguides, each waveguide having different optical mode profiles at either end and different optical transmission characteristics.

Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal MicroArray Measurement Method and Apparatus for Highly-Sensitive Label-Free Multiple Analyte Sensing, Biosensing, and Diagnostic Assay

Methods and systems for highly-sensitive label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing, and diagnostic assay are disclosed. The systems comprise an on-chip integrated two-dimensional photonic crystal sensor chip. The invention provides modulation methods, wavelength modulation and intensity modulation, to monitor the resonance mode shift of the photonic crystal microarray device and further provides methods and systems that enable detection and identification of multiple species to be performed simultaneously with one two-dimensional photonic crystal sensor chip device for high throughput chemical sensing, biosensing, and medical diagnostics. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Method for chip-integrated label-free detection and absorption spectroscopy with high throughput, sensitivity, and specificity

Systems and methods for chip-integrated label-free detection and absorption spectroscopy with high throughput, sensitivity, and specificity are disclosed. The invention comprises packaged chips for multiplexing photonic crystal waveguide and photonic crystal slot waveguide devices. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Photonic crystal microarray layouts for enhanced sensitivity and specificity of label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing and diagnostic assay

Methods and systems for label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing and diagnostic assay chips consisting of an array of photonic crystal microcavities along a single photonic crystal waveguide are disclosed. The invention comprises an on-chip integrated microarray device that enables detection and identification of multiple species to be performed simultaneously using optical techniques leading to a high throughput device for chemical sensing, biosensing and medical diagnostics. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Carbon nanotube field effect transistor for printed flexible/rigid electronics

Methods and devices for manufacturing carbon nanotube based field effect transistors are disclosed including providing a substrate; printing a gate electrode layer onto the substrate and sintering and/or UV curing; printing a gate isolation layer onto the gate electrode and air drying and/or UV curing; printing one or more carbon nanotube channel layers onto the gate isolation layer, wherein each carbon nanotube channel layer is air dried prior to subsequent printings; and printing a source and drain electrode layer onto the one or more carbon nanotube channel layers and sintering and/or UV curing. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Vertical photonic crystal waveguide for gas detection

Methods and apparatuses for gas detection are disclosed, including providing a device comprising: a light source configured to emit light; an array of vertical photonic crystal waveguides (VPCWs), wherein the VPCWs of the array of VPCWs are configured to slow and guide the light; and a detector array, wherein the detectors of the detector array are configured to measure the intensity of the light passing through each of the VPCWs of the array of VPCWs; wherein the VPCWs of the array of VPCWs slow and guide light having a wavelength within the absorption bands of the one or more gas species to be detected; exposing the apparatus to a gaseous environment such that gas from the environment flows through the array of VPCWs; and reading values from the detectors of the detector array to identify the presence of the one or more gas species. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Method for the Chip-Integrated Spectroscopic Identification of Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Methods and systems for a label-free on-chip optical absorption spectrometer consisting of a photonic crystal slot waveguide are disclosed. The invention comprises an on-chip integrated optical absorption spectroscopy device that combines the slow light effect in photonic crystal waveguide and optical field enhancement in a slot waveguide and enables detection and identification of multiple analytes to be performed simultaneously using optical absorption techniques leading to a device for chemical and biological sensing, trace detection, and identification via unique analyte absorption spectral signatures. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Method for Chip-Integrated Label-Free Detection and Absorption Spectroscopy with High Throughput, Sensitivity, and Specificity

Systems and methods for chip-integrated label-free detection and absorption spectroscopy with high throughput, sensitivity, and specificity are disclosed. The invention comprises packaged chips for multiplexing photonic crystal waveguide and photonic crystal slot waveguide devices. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

MULTIMODE INTERFERENCE COUPLER FOR USE WITH SLOT PHOTONIC CRYSTAL WAVEGUIDES

The present invention provides an optical apparatus having a multimode interference coupler configured to optically couple a strip waveguide to a slot photonic crystal waveguide. The multimode interference coupler has a coupling efficiency to the slot photonic crystal waveguide greater than or equal to 90%, a width that is approximately equal to a defect width of the slot photonic crystal waveguide, a length that is equal to or less than 1.5 m, and interfaces with the slot photonic crystal waveguide at an edge of a period that gives a termination parameter of approximately zero. The optical apparatus may also include an insulation gap disposed between the multimode interference coupler and the slot photonic crystal waveguide, wherein the length of the multimode interference coupler is reduced by approximately one half of a width of the insulation gap.

Vertical Photonic Crystal Waveguide for Gas Detection

Methods and apparatuses for gas detection are disclosed, including providing a device comprising: a light source configured to emit light; an array of vertical photonic crystal waveguides (VPCWs), wherein the VPCWs of the array of VPCWs are configured to slow and guide the light; and a detector array, wherein the detectors of the detector array are configured to measure the intensity of the light passing through each of the VPCWs of the array of VPCWs; wherein the VPCWs of the array of VPCWs slow and guide light having a wavelength within the absorption bands of the one or more gas species to be detected; exposing the apparatus to a gaseous environment such that gas from the environment flows through the array of VPCWs; and reading values from the detectors of the detector array to identify the presence of the one or more gas species. Other embodiments are described and claimed. 1. An apparatus for gas detection comprising:a light source, the light source configured to emit light;an array of vertical photonic crystal waveguides, wherein the vertical photonic crystal waveguides of the array of vertical photonic crystal waveguides are configured to slow and guide the light emitted from the light source; anda detector array, wherein the detectors of the detector array are configured to measure the intensity of the light passing through each of the vertical photonic crystal waveguides of the array of vertical photonic crystal waveguides;wherein the vertical photonic crystal waveguides of the array of vertical photonic crystal waveguides slow and guide light having a wavelength within the absorption bands of the one or more gas species to be detected.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the vertical photonic crystal waveguides of the array of vertical photonic crystal waveguides support a complete band gap for all polarizations in two dimensions extending from β=0 to nonzero β.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the light source comprises an LED.4. The apparatus of ...

System, method and apparatus for improved electrical-to-optical transmitters disposed within printed circuit boards

The present invention provides a system, method and apparatus for improved electrical-to-optical transmitters ( 100 ) disposed within printed circuit boards ( 104 ). The heat sink ( 110, 200 ) is a thermal conductive material disposed within a cavity ( 102 ) of the printed circuit board ( 104 ) and is thermally coupled to a bottom surface ( 112 ) of the electrical-to-optical transmitter ( 100 ). A portion of the thermal conductive material extends approximately to an outer surface ( 120, 122 or 124 ) of a layer ( 114, 116 or 118 ) of the printed circuit board ( 104 ). The printed circuit board may comprise a planarized signal communications system or an optoelectronic signal communications system. In addition, the present invention provides a method for fabricating the heat sink wherein the electrical-to-optical transmitter disposed within a cavity of the printed circuit board is fabricated. New methods for flexible waveguides and micro-mirror couplers are also provided.

INTEGRATED PHOTONIC CRYSTAL STRUCTURES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

Devices, methods and systems based on integrated photonic crystal structures are disclosed. An integrated photonic crystal structure includes a photonic crystal structure and a defect member disposed adjacent the photonic crystal structure. The defect member includes a photoconductive material. The integrated photonic crystal structure is configured to receive an input light signal such that the input light signal is internally reflected within the photonic crystal structure and the defect member, such that the input light signal is absorbed by the photoconductive material in the defect member, and such that a property of the photoconductive material is changed to thereby output an output signal.

Photonic crystal slot waveguide miniature on-chip absorption spectrometer

Methods and systems for label-free on-chip optical absorption spectrometer consisting of a photonic crystal slot waveguide are disclosed. The invention comprises an on-chip integrated optical absorption spectroscopy device that combines the slow light effect in photonic crystal waveguide and optical field enhancement in a slot waveguide and enables detection and identification of multiple analytes to be performed simultaneously using optical absorption techniques leading to a device for chemical and biological sensing, trace detection, and identification via unique analyte absorption spectral signatures. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Subwavelength grating coupler

A method, system or device for configuring an optical coupling device including obtaining characteristics of an optical signal and ambient conditions for storage in memory, utilizing a processor for identifying an optimum effective subwavelength area refractive index and a grating period for the input signal and ambient characteristics stored in memory, and utilizing the processor for identifying a preferred filling factor for a transverse polarization.

Method for fabricating and packaging an M x N phased-array antenna on a flexible substrate utilizing ink-jet printing

A method for fabricating an M×N, P-bit phased-array antenna on a flexible substrate is disclosed. The method comprising ink jet printing and hardening alignment marks, antenna elements, transmission lines, switches, an RF coupler, and multilayer interconnections onto the flexible substrate. The substrate of the M×N, P-bit phased-array antenna may comprise an integrated control circuit of printed electronic components such as, photovoltaic cells, batteries, resistors, capacitors, etc. Other embodiments are described and claimed. 1. A method for manufacturing an M×N , P-bit phased array antenna comprising: one or more alignment marks;', 'an RF coupler;', 'M×N antenna elements; and', 'transmission lines, wherein the transmission lines comprise 2×M×N×P channel gap regions;, 'ink jet printing and hardening a first layer on a substrate, wherein the first layer comprises{'b': '2', 'ink-jet printing and hardening a first semiconductor layer within each of the ×M×N×P channel gap regions and on top of the portion of the transmission lines adjacent to each of the 2×M×N×P channel gap regions;'}ink jet printing and hardening a first dielectric layer over the first semiconductor layer and on top of the portion of the transmission lines and of the portion of the substrate adjacent to the first semiconductor layer;ink jet printing and hardening a second conductive layer on top of the portion of the first dielectric layer positioned over the 2×M×N×P channel gap regions and on top of the portion of the substrate adjacent to the first dielectric layer, wherein the second conductive layer comprises 2×M×N×P contact pads adjacent to each of the 2×M×N×P channel gap regions with conducting lines from the first dielectric layer positioned over the 2×M×N×P channel gap regions to the 2×M×N×P contact pads;ink jet printing and hardening a second dielectric layer on top of substantially the second conductive layer and on top of the portion of the transmission lines and of the portion of the ...

Combined multiplexer and demultiplexer for optical communication systems

A combined multiplexer/demultiplexer for use in optical communication systems is disclosed. The combined multiplexer/demultiplexer includes a plurality of waveguide arrays and a plurality of signal carriers, each disposed substantially symmetrically about an optical axis of the device. In operation, a signal carrier emits a multiple wavelength optical signal that is received and directed to a dispersion apparatus by a light focusing device. The dispersion apparatus diffracts the optical signal into selected spectral components and reflects the spectral components back to the waveguide arrays through the light focusing device. The signal processing, such as multiplexing and demultiplexing, performed by each waveguide array depends on their configuration. The waveguide arrays may be configured to substantially simultaneously multiplex and/or demultiplex the spectral components.

Optical waveguide coupler for interconnection of electro-optical devices

The present invention is a three-dimensional tapered waveguide coupler capable of interconnecting electro-optical devices with differing optical mode profiles. The ends of the waveguide are configured to match the optical mode profiles of the electro-optical devices that the waveguide interconnects. The waveguide adiabatically transmits the fundamental mode of the photo-optic signal from the electro-optical device at the waveguide's input end to a different electro-optical device at the waveguide's output end. A single coupler can be configured with one or more waveguides, each waveguide having different optical mode profiles at either end and different optical transmission characteristics.

Holographic optical devices for transmission of optical signals

The present invention relates to the transmission of optical signals, and more particularly to wavelength division multiplexers and demultiplexers for optical signals. A wavelength division multiplexer device for use in an optical transmission system comprises a light input, one or more lenses, a substrate, one or more holographic optical elements, and two or more light outputs. The light input, the substrate, and the one or more lenses direct a light beam through the device. The one or more holographic optical elements act as transmission diffraction gratings and spatially separate the input light beam into dispersed light beams. Each light output receives one of the dispersed light beams. Multiple holographic optical elements may be stacked upon one another or separated by a substrate. Additionally, the substrate may comprise edges or parts that are beveled. Finally, the elements of the present invention may be rigidly coupled to each other, without intervening air space.

Fabrication Tolerant Design for the Chip-Integrated Spectroscopic Identification of Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Methods and systems for a label-free on-chip optical absorption spectrometer consisting of a photonic crystal slot waveguide are disclosed. The invention comprises an on-chip integrated optical absorption spectroscopy device that combines the slow light effect in photonic crystal waveguide and optical field enhancement in a slot waveguide and enables detection and identification of multiple analytes to be performed simultaneously using optical absorption techniques leading to a device for chemical and biological sensing, trace detection, and identification via unique analyte absorption spectral signatures. Other embodiments are described and claimed. 1. An on-chip optical absorption spectroscopy apparatus comprising:i. a substrate;ii. a bottom cladding disposed on the substrate;iii. a slab disposed on the bottom cladding, wherein the refractive index of the bottom cladding is lower than the refractive index of the slab;iv. a plurality of void columnar members etched through the slab, wherein the plurality of void columnar members form a periodic lattice with a lattice constant α;v. a core in the slab comprising an input side on a first end of the slab and an output side on a second end of the slab; a) a photonic crystal waveguide formed within the core by a row of void columnar members from the input side to the output side, wherein the row of void columnar members is filled with the material of the slab; and', 'b) one or more slot waveguides defined by one or more void slots within the photonic crystal waveguide, extending the entire length of the photonic crystal waveguide;, 'vi. a photonic crystal slot waveguide comprisingvii. an input impedance taper in the photonic crystal waveguide at the input side of the photonic crystal waveguide in the plane of the slab, wherein the input impedance taper is formed by one or more void columnar members from the input side shifted normal to the photonic crystal waveguide and adjacent the length of both sides of the photonic ...

Subwavelength photonic crystal waveguide with trapezoidal shaped dielectric pillars in optical systems

A method for reducing loss in a subwavelength photonic crystal waveguide bend is disclosed. The method comprising: forming the subwavelength photonic crystal waveguide bend with a series of trapezoidal shaped dielectric pillars centered about a bend radius; wherein each of the trapezoidal shaped dielectric pillars comprise a top width, a bottom width, and a trapezoid height; wherein the length of the bottom width is greater than the length of the top width; and wherein the bottom width is closer to the center of the bend radius of the subwavelength photonic crystal waveguide bend than the top width. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

NxN optical switching device based on thermal optic induced internal reflection effect

An optical switch which uses internal reflection at a junction formed by two waveguides is discussed. The waveguides may be formed from various materials such as polymers and other combinations of monomers. Substantially total internal reflection may be produced at the junction between the two waveguides in response to heating from a thin film electrode.

SUBWAVELENGTH GRATING COUPLER

A method, system or device for configuring an optical coupling device including obtaining characteristics of an optical signal and ambient conditions for storage in memory, utilizing a processor for identifying an optimum effective subwavelength area refractive index and a grating period for the input signal and ambient characteristics stored in memory, and utilizing the processor for identifying a preferred filling factor for a transverse polarization.

Subwavelength photonic crystal waveguide in optical systems

An optical system is disclosed. The optical system comprising: a substrate; and a subwavelength photonic crystal waveguide atop the substrate, wherein the subwavelength photonic crystal waveguide comprises a periodic one or two-dimensional array of two or more interleaved dielectric pillars; wherein the periodicity of the one or two-dimensional array is constant, a combination of two or more periods, or random; wherein the one or two-dimensional array is substantially linear or curved; wherein each of the pillars of the one or two-dimensional array is at least one of a triangular prism, a trapezoidal prism, an elliptic cylinder, a cylinder, a tube, a frustum, a pyramid, a trapezoidal prism, and an asymmetric frustum; and wherein each of the pillars of the one or two-dimensional array comprises a solid, liquid, and/or gas. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Monolithically integrated mid-infrared two-dimensional optical phased array

A novel, monolithically integrated mid-IR optical phased array (OPA) structure which eliminates the wafer bonding process to achieve highly efficient surface emitting optical beam steering in two dimensions is disclosed. Since solar energy is about 15-20 times smaller than that at 1.55 μm, mid-IR is more favorable for the atmospheric transmission due to lower solar radiance backgrounds. For the beam steering, thermo-optic phase shifting is used for azimuthal plane beam steering and laser wavelength tuning is used for elevation plane beam steering. The OPA structure disclosed comprises a wavelength-tunable a QCL, a 1×32 splitter, thermo-optic phase-shifters, and sub-wavelength grating emitters. The disclosed OPA provides a low-cost, low-loss, low-power consumption, robust, small footprint, apparatus that may be used with expendable UAV swarms. A LiDAR may be created by monolithically integrating a QCD with the apparatus. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

System, method and apparatus for improved electrical-to-optical transmitters disposed within printed circuit boards

The present invention provides a system, method and apparatus for improved electrical-to-optical transmitters (100) disposed within printed circuit boards (104). The heat sink (110, 200) is a thermal conductive material disposed within a cavity (102) of the printed circuit board (104) and is thermally coupled to a bottom surface (112) of the electrical-to-optical transmitter (100). A portion of the thermal conductive material extends approximately to an outer surface (120, 122 or 124) of a layer (114, 116 or 118) of the printed circuit board (104). The printed circuit board may comprise a planarized signal communications system or an optoelectronic signal communications system. In addition, the present invention provides a method for fabricating the heat sink wherein the electrical-to-optical transmitter disposed within a cavity of the printed circuit board is fabricated. New methods for flexible waveguides and micro-mirror couplers are also provided.

Broadband, group index independent, and ultra-low loss coupling into slow light slotted photonic crystal waveguides

The present invention provides a waveguide coupler configured to optically couple a strip waveguide to a first slot photonic crystal waveguide, wherein the slot photonic crystal waveguide has a lattice constant, an air hole diameter, a slot width and a first line defect waveguide width. The waveguide coupler includes a group reflective index taper having a second slot photonic crystal waveguide disposed between and aligned with the first slot photonic crystal waveguide and the strip waveguide. The second slot photonic crystal waveguide has a length, the lattice constant, the air hole diameter, the slot width, and a second line defect waveguide width that is substantially equal to the first line defect waveguide width adjacent to the first slot photonic crystal waveguide and decreases along the length of the second photonic crystal waveguide.

System and method for wavelength division multiplexing and demultiplexing

A system and method for wavelength division multiplexing and demultiplexing are disclosed. The disclosed system may include a fiber optic element operable to transmit a multiplexed light signal. The system may also include a light focusing device, and the fiber optic element may be oriented to project light through the light focusing device. An additional element may be a diffraction grating having a diffraction order greater than one. The diffraction grating may be positioned in a Littrow configuration with respect to the light focusing device and may have a groove spacing equal to or larger than three times the wavelength of light used in the system.

Dynamic variable optical attenuator and variable optical tap

An optical device with at least one junction formed by an intersection of at least two waveguides may be used to tap, and/or attenuate an optical signal. The waveguides may be formed from various materials such as polymers and other combinations of monomers. Internal reflection produced at each junction between the waveguides in response to heating from a thin film electrode will direct a portion of an optical signal from one of the waveguides to another waveguide. Internal reflection at each junction may be used to selectively tap and/or attenuate power level of an optical signal.

Photonic crystal band-shifiting device for dynamic control of light transmission

An active device for dynamic control of lightwave transmission properties has at least one photonic crystal waveguide that has anti-reflection photonic crystal waveguides with gradually changed group refractive indices at both input and output side. An alternating voltage or current signal applied to two electrically conductive regions changes the refractive indices of the photonic crystal materials, introducing a certain degree of blue-shift or red-shift of the transmission spectrum of the photonic crystal waveguide. The output lightwave with frequency close to the band-edge of the photonic crystal waveguide is controlled by the input electric signal. Devices having one or more such active photonic crystal waveguides may be utilized as an electro-optic modulator, an optical switch, or a tunable optical filter. 1. An apparatus for dynamic control of light transmission comprising: a photonic crystal waveguide comprising:a substrate;a slab disposed on the substrate;a core in the slab having an input side on a first end of the waveguide and an output side on a second end of the waveguide;two electrically conductive pads disposed onto the slab and adjacent to a portion of the core;a first region of the core between the electrically conductive pads;a second region of the core between the input side of the waveguide and the first region of the core and having a gradually changing group refractive index; anda third region of the core between the first region of the core and the output side of the waveguide and having gradually changing group refractive index.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first claim 1 , second and third regions further comprise: a slab of a first material claim 1 , a plurality of substantially identical members formed from a second material and positioned within or proximate to the slab claim 1 , wherein the first claim 1 , second claim 1 , and third regions are proximate to the plurality of substantially identical members.3. The apparatus of ...

Integrated Printed Decorative Antenna And Electronics

Apparatuses comprising an integrated printed decorative image with a printed antenna structure and/or printed electronic circuits are disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a printed decorative image atop the layer of the printed antenna structure, wherein the printed antenna structure is substantially concealed by the printed decorative image. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Packaged Chip For Multiplexing Photonic Crystal Microcavity Coupled Waveguide And Photonic Crystal Slot Waveguide Devices For Chip-Integrated Label-Free Detection And Absorption Spectroscopy With High Throughput, Sensitivity, Specificity, And Wide Dynamic Range

Systems and methods for chip-integrated label-free detection and absorption spectroscopy with high throughput, sensitivity, and specificity are disclosed. The invention comprises packaged chips for multiplexing photonic crystal microcavity waveguide and photonic crystal slot waveguide devices. The packaged chips comprise crossing waveguides to prevent leakage of fluids from the microfluidic channels from the trenches or voids around the light guiding waveguides. Other embodiments are described and claimed. 1. A packaged chip for the integration of arrays of photonic crystal microcavity coupled waveguides with external optical sources and external optical detectors comprising:i) a package shell comprising a top portion, a bottom portion, and a side wall portion which together surround an interior volume;ii) a substrate disposed on the interior side of the bottom portion of the package shell and bounded by the interior side of the side wall portion of the package shell;iii) a bottom cladding disposed on the substrate and bounded by the interior side of the side wall portion of the package shell;iv) a slab disposed on the bottom cladding and bounded by the interior side of the side wall portion of the package shell, wherein the refractive index of the bottom cladding is lower than the refractive index of the slab;v) a cover polymer disposed on the slab, wherein the cover polymer is capped by the interior side of the top portion of the package shell and bounded by the interior side of the side wall portion of the package shell;vi) an input sub-wavelength grating coupler comprising a plurality of void columnar members with rectangular cross-section etched through the slab, wherein the plurality of void columnar members have a periodicity β in one direction along the slab and a periodicity γ in the direction orthogonal to β along the slab; a) a first input end;', 'b) a first output end;', 'c) a first rectangular mesa defined in the slab;', 'd) wherein the first ...

SYSTEM, METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IMPROVED ELECTRICAL-TO-OPTICAL TRANSMITTERS DISPOSED WITHIN PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS

The present invention provides a system, method and apparatus for improved electrical-to-optical transmitters (100) disposed within printed circuit boards (104). The heat sink (110, 200) is a thermal conductive material disposed within a cavity (102) of the printed circuit board (104) and is thermally coupled to a bottom surface (112) of the electrical-to-optical transmitter (100). A portion of the thermal conductive material extends approximately to an outer surface (120, 122 or 124) of a layer (114, 116 or 118) of the printed circuit board (104). The printed circuit board may comprise a planarized signal communications system or an optoelectronic signal communications system. In addition, the present invention provides a method for fabricating the heat sink wherein the electrical-to-optical transmitter disposed within a cavity of the printed circuit board is fabricated. New methods for flexible waveguides and micro-mirror couplers are also provided.

Packaging enhanced board level opto-electronic interconnects

A planarized signal communications system (110) embedded within a printed circuit board (102) is disclosed, comprising first (118) and second (120) index buffer layers within the printed circuit board, a polymer waveguide (116) disposed below the first and above the second index buffer layers, an electrical-to-optical transmitter (122) disposed within the first index buffer layer in direct adjoinment with the polymer waveguide, a reflective element (126) disposed within the polymer waveguide in direct alignment with the electrical-to-optical transmitter and adapted to reflect optical energy from the electrical-to-optical transmitter along the polymer waveguide, an optical-to-electrical receiver (124) disposed within the first index buffer layer and in direct adjoinment with the polymer waveguide, a reflective element (126) disposed within the polymer waveguide in direct alignment with the optical-to-electrical receiver and adapted to reflect optical energy from within the polymer waveguide ...

Apparatus and method for switching, modulation and dynamic control of light transmission using photonic crystals

An active device for dynamic control of the transmission properties has at least one photonic crystal waveguide that has an electrically insulating layer formed within or near the waveguide core and two lateral conductive regions divided by the insulating layer. An alternating voltage signal induces phase and amplitude changes of electromagnetic wave propagating inside the device. Electromagnetic wave signals propagating through two such active photonic crystal waveguide devices may be mixed to produce at least one output signal through interference. Devices having one or more such active photonic crystal waveguides may be utilized as a tunable optical delay line, a tunable optical filter, a switch, or a modulator. A preferred embodiment comprises a photonic crystal waveguide made of a silicon slab with a periodic array of apertures or oxide columns therein, wherein an silicon oxide layer disposed in the waveguide core separates a p-doped region from an n-doped region.

Packaged chip for multiplexing photonic crystal waveguide and photonic crystal slot waveguide devices for chip-integrated label-free detection and absorption spectroscopy with high throughput, sensitivity, and specificity

Systems and methods for chip-integrated label-free detection and absorption spectroscopy with high throughput, sensitivity, and specificity are disclosed. The invention comprises packaged chips for multiplexing photonic crystal waveguide and photonic crystal slot waveguide devices. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Subwavelength Photonic Crystal Waveguide in Optical Systems

An optical system is disclosed. The optical system comprising: a substrate; and a subwavelength photonic crystal waveguide atop the substrate, wherein the subwavelength photonic crystal waveguide comprises a periodic one or two-dimensional array of two or more interleaved dielectric pillars; wherein the periodicity of the one or two-dimensional array is constant, a combination of two or more periods, or random; wherein the one or two-dimensional array is substantially linear or curved; wherein each of the pillars of the one or two-dimensional array is at least one of a triangular prism, a trapezoidal prism, an elliptic cylinder, a cylinder, a tube, a frustum, a pyramid, a trapezoidal prism, and an asymmetric frustum; and wherein each of the pillars of the one or two-dimensional array comprises a solid, liquid, and/or gas. Other embodiments are described and claimed. 1. An optical system comprising:a substrate; anda subwavelength photonic crystal waveguide atop the substrate,wherein the subwavelength photonic crystal waveguide comprises a periodic one-dimensional array of two or more interleaved dielectric pillars.2. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the periodicity of the one-dimensional array of two or more interleaved dielectric pillars is constant.3. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the periodicity of the one-dimensional array of two or more interleaved dielectric pillars is a combination of two or more periods.4. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the periodicity of the one-dimensional array of two or more interleaved dielectric pillars is random.5. The optical system of claim 1 , further comprising a top cladding atop the subwavelength photonic crystal waveguide and the substrate.6. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the two or more interleaved dielectric pillars is partially embedded into the substrate.7. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the one-dimensional array of two or more interleaved dielectric pillars is ...

Method for label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing and diagnostic assay

Methods and systems for label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing and diagnostic assay chips consisting of an array of photonic crystal microcavities along a single photonic crystal waveguide are disclosed. The invention comprises an on-chip integrated microarray device that enables detection and identification of multiple species to be performed simultaneously using optical techniques leading to a high throughput device for chemical sensing, biosensing and medical diagnostics. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Method for the Chip-Integrated Spectroscopic Identification of Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Methods and systems for a label-free on-chip optical absorption spectrometer consisting of a photonic crystal slot waveguide are disclosed. The invention comprises an on-chip integrated optical absorption spectroscopy device that combines the slow light effect in photonic crystal waveguide and optical field enhancement in a slot waveguide and enables detection and identification of multiple analytes to be performed simultaneously using optical absorption techniques leading to a device for chemical and biological sensing, trace detection, and identification via unique analyte absorption spectral signatures. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Broadband, Group Index Independent, and Ultra-Low Loss Coupling into Slow Light Slotted Photonic Crystal Waveguides

The present invention provides a waveguide coupler configured to optically couple a strip waveguide to a first slot photonic crystal waveguide, wherein the slot photonic crystal waveguide has a lattice constant, an air hole diameter, a slot width and a first line defect waveguide width. The waveguide coupler includes a group reflective index taper having a second slot photonic crystal waveguide disposed between and aligned with the first slot photonic crystal waveguide and the strip waveguide. The second slot photonic crystal waveguide has a length, the lattice constant, the air hole diameter, the slot width, and a second line defect waveguide width that is substantially equal to the first line defect waveguide width adjacent to the first slot photonic crystal waveguide and decreases along the length of the second photonic crystal waveguide. 1. An optical apparatus comprising a waveguide coupler configured to optically couple a strip waveguide to a first slot photonic crystal waveguide , wherein the slot photonic crystal waveguide has a lattice constant , an air hole diameter , a slot width and a first line defect waveguide width , wherein the waveguide coupler comprises:a group reflective index taper comprising a second slot photonic crystal waveguide disposed between and aligned with the first slot photonic crystal waveguide and the strip waveguide, wherein the second slot photonic crystal waveguide has a length, the lattice constant, the air hole diameter, the slot width, and a second line defect waveguide width that is substantially equal to the first line defect waveguide width adjacent to the first slot photonic crystal waveguide and decreases along the length of the second photonic crystal waveguide.2. The optical apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the second line defect waveguide width decreases parabolically.3. The optical apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first line defect waveguide width is about 1.3√{square root over (3)}a and the ...

Integrated bi-directional dual axial gradient refractive index/diffraction grating wavelength division multiplexer

A wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer is provided that integrates axial gradient refractive index elements with a diffraction grating to provide efficient coupling from a plurality of input optical sources (each delivering a single wavelength to the device) which are multiplexed to a single polychromatic beam for output to a single output optical source. The device comprises: (a) means for accepting an optical input from at least one optical source, the means including a planar surface; (b) a first coupler element comprising (1) a first axial gradient refractive index collimating lens having a planar entrance surface onto which the optical input is incident and (2) a first homogeneous index boot lens affixed to the first collimating lens and having a planar exit surface from which optical light exits; (c) a diffraction grating formed on the planar exit surface which combines a plurality of angularly separated diffracted wavelengths from the optical light; (d) a reflecting element for reflecting the plurality of diffracted wavelengths; (e) a second coupler element comprising (1) a second homogeneous index boot lens having a planar entrance surface onto which said plurality of diffracted wavelengths is incident and (2) a second axial gradient refractive index collimating lens affixed to the second homogeneous index boot lens; and (f) means for outputting at least one multiplexed, polychromatic output beam to an optical receiver, the means including a planar back surface. The device may be operated in either the forward or the reverse direction.

Nxn optical switching device based on thermal optic induced internal reflection effect

An nxn thermo-optical switch (40) comprises a first array (50) of n waveguid es (51 to 58) and a second array (60) or waveguides (61 to 68) crossing the waveguides of the first array. The waveguides may be formed from various materials such as polymers. The angle .theta. defined by the intersection between waveguides of the first array (50) and with the second array (60) is between two degrees (2~) and six degrees (6~). An electrode heater (80) is disposed adjacent to each intersection (70) of the first array of waveguides (50) with the second array of waveguides (60). Heating of both the cladding material and portions of the associated waveguides at each intersection (70) changes the refractive index such that total internal reflection may occur. A communication system includes a switching center comprising a plurality of n xn thermo-optical switches (40), a plurality of wavelength division demultiplexers and a plurality of variable optical attenuators.

Compression-molded three-dimensional tapered universal waveguide couplers

The present invention is a three-dimensional tapered waveguide coupler (2, 3) capable of interconnecting electro-optical devices (4, 5) with differing optical mode profiles. The ends of the waveguide are configured to match the optical mode profiles of the electro-optical devices that the waveguide interconnects. The waveguide adiabatically transmits the fundamental mode of the photo-optic signal from the electro-optical (4, 5) device at the waveguide's input end (6) to a different electro-optical device (4, 5) at the waveguide's output end (1). A single couple can be configured with one or more waveguides, each waveguide having different optical mode profiles at either end and different optical transmission characteristics.

Compression-molded three-dimensional tapered universal waveguide couplers

Multimode interference coupler for use with slot photonic crystal waveguides

The present invention provides an optical apparatus having a multimode interference coupler configured to optically couple a strip waveguide to a slot photonic crystal waveguide. The multimode interference coupler has a coupling efficiency to the slot photonic crystal waveguide greater than or equal to 90%, a width that is approximately equal to a defect width of the slot photonic crystal waveguide, a length that is equal to or less than 1.5 μm, and interfaces with the slot photonic crystal waveguide at an edge of a period that gives a termination parameter of approximately zero. The optical apparatus may also include an insulation gap disposed between the multimode interference coupler and the slot photonic crystal waveguide, wherein the length of the multimode interference coupler is reduced by approximately one half of a width of the insulation gap.

Dynamic variable optical attenuator and variable optical tap

Dynamic variable optical attenuator and variable optical tap

An optical device with at least one junction formed by an intersection of at least two waveguides may be used to tap, and/or attenuate an optical signal. The waveguides may be formed from various materials such as polymers and other combinations of monomers. Internal reflection produced at each junction between the waveguides in response to heating from a thin film electrode will direct a portion of an optical signal from one of the waveguides to another waveguide. Internal reflection at each junction may be used to selectively tap and/or attenuate power level of an optical signal.

Dynamic variable optical attenuator and variable optical tap

An optical device with at least one junction formed by an intersection of at least two waveguides may be used to tap, and/or attenuate an optical signal. The waveguides may be formed from various materials such as polymers and other combinations of monomers. Internal reflection produced at each junction between the waveguides in response to heating from a thin film electrode will direct a portion of an optical signal from one of the waveguides to another waveguide. Internal reflection at each junction may be used to selectively tap and/or attenuate power level of an optical signal.