List decoding method for polar code and memory system using the same

A list decoding method for a polar code includes generating a tree-type decoding graph for input codeword symbols; the generating a tree-type decoding graph including, generating a decoding path list to which a decoding edge is added based on a reliability of a decoding path, the decoding path list being generated such that, among decoding paths generated based on the decoding edge, decoding paths within a threshold number of critical paths survive within the decoding path list in an order of high likelihood probability, and determining an estimation value, which corresponds to a decoding path having a maximum likelihood probability from among decoding paths of the decoding path list, as an information word.

Speichercontroller, Betriebsverfahren des Speichercontrollers und Speichersystem

Ein Betriebsverfahren eines Speichercontrollers (100), welcher individuell eine Mehrzahl von Speichereinheiten (MU11 - MUnn) steuert, weist ein Lesen von jeweiligen Segmenten (SEG1 - SEGn) von der Mehrzahl von Speichereinheiten (MU11 - MUnn) basierend auf einer Mehrzahl von Steuersignalen (CTRL11 - CTRLnn); ein Erzeugen eines Ausgabe-Codeworts (CW) basierend auf den Segmenten (SEG1 - SEGn); ein Durchführen einer Fehlerkorrektur-Decodierung auf dem Ausgabe-Codewort (CW); wenn ein Ergebnis der Fehlerkorrektur-Decodierung Erfolg anzeigt, ein Aktualisieren wenigstens einer einer Mehrzahl von angesammelten Fehlerstrukturinformationen (AEPI), welche jeweils der Mehrzahl von Speichereinheiten (MU11 - MUnn) entsprechen, basierend auf dem Ergebnis der Fehlerkorrektur-Decodierung; und wenn das Ergebnis der Fehlerkorrektur-Decodierung einen Misserfolg anzeigt, ein Regulieren wenigstens eines der Mehrzahl von Steuersignalen (CTRL11 - CTRLnn) basierend auf wenigstens einer der Mehrzahl von angesammelten Fehlerstrukturinformationen (AEPI).

STORAGE DEVICE THAT PERFORMS STATE SHAPING OF DATA

A storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device that includes a plurality of pages, each of which includes a plurality of memory cells, and a controller that receives first write data expressed by 2states (m being an integer greater than 1) from an external host device. The controller in a first operating mode shapes the first write data to second write data, which are expressed by “k” states (k being an integer greater than 2) smaller in number than the 2states, performs first error correction encoding on the second write data to generate third write data expressed by the “k” states, and transmits the third write data to the nonvolatile memory device for writing at a selected page from the plurality of pages. 1. A storage device comprising:a nonvolatile memory device including a plurality of pages, each of the plurality of pages including a plurality of memory cells; anda controller configured to{'sup': 'm', 'receive first write data expressed by 2states from an external host device, wherein m is an integer greater than 1,'}{'sup': 'm', 'shape the first write data to second write data in a first operating mode, the second write data expressed by “k” states smaller in number than the 2states, wherein k is an integer greater than 2,'}perform first error correction encoding on the second write data to generate third write data expressed by the “k” states, andtransmit the third write data to the nonvolatile memory device for writing at a selected page from the plurality of pages.2. The storage device of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to shape “i” bits of the first write data to “j” bits of the second write data claim 1 ,wherein i is an integer greater than 2, j is an integer greater than 2, and “j” is greater than “i”.3. The storage device of claim 1 , wherein the second write data include a value expressed by n-ary numbers claim 1 , and n is an integer greater than 2 claim 1 , andwherein each of the n-ary numbers is expressed by two or more bits. ...

Memory device, operating and control method thereof

A method of operating a memory device including a plurality of memory cells is provided. The method includes receiving a first write command, determining whether a target memory cell is deteriorated or not, in response to the first write command, and writing the second data by selectively erasing the target memory cell according to a result of the determination and by programming the target memory cell.

METHOD OF ESTIMATING DETERIORATION STATE OF MEMORY DEVICE AND RELATED METHOD OF WEAR LEVELING

A method of estimating a deterioration state of a memory device comprises reading data from selected memory cells connected to a selected wordline of a memory cell array by applying to the selected wordline a plurality of distinct read voltages having values corresponding to at least one valley of threshold voltage distributions of the selected memory cells, generating quality estimation information indicating states of the threshold voltage distributions using the data read from the selected memory cells, and determining a deterioration state of a storage area including the selected memory cells based on the generated quality estimation information.

Betriebsverfahren eines Controllers, der eine nichtflüchtige Speichervorrichtung steuert, und Mappingmuster-Auswahlverfahren zum Auswählen eines Mappingmusters, das ein polar codiertes Codewort Multibitdaten einer nichtflüchtigen Speichervorrichtung zuordnet

Ein Betriebsverfahren eines nichtflüchtigen Speichervorrichtungscontrollers weist ein Bilden eines Codeworts durch ein Polarcodieren von Informationsbits (S110), ein Lesen eines Mappingmusters (S120), ein Erzeugen eines wiederholten Mappingmusters durch Wiederholen des Mappingmusters (S130) und ein Mapping jedes Bits des Codeworts auf ein spezifisches Bit von Multibitdaten der nichtflüchtigen Speichervorrichtung basierend auf dem wiederholten Mappingmuster (S140) auf.

Memory controller, memory system, and operating method of memory controller

A memory controller calculating an optimal read level, a memory system including the memory controller, and an operating method of the memory controller are provided. The memory controller includes a processor configured to control a memory operation on a memory device, and a read level calculation module configured to receive N count values generated based on a counting operation on data read using a plurality of levels, the N count values respectively corresponding to N read levels, at least two cell count functions are modeled with a selected read level selected from the N read levels as an input and with a count value corresponding to the selected read level as an output, and an optimal read level is calculated based on an optimal cell count function selected from the at least two cell count functions, n is an integer equal to or greater than four, where the N count values include count values corresponding to at least four different read levels.

Storage controller for correcting error, storage device including the same, and operating method thereof

An operating method of a storage controller which includes a high level decoder and a low level decoder includes generating first data that is a result of decoding initial data read from a nonvolatile memory device, and a first syndrome weight indicating an error level of the first data. The first data is output to a host when the first syndrome weight is a specific value. The high level decoder having a first error correction capability is selected to decode the first data, when the first syndrome weight exceeds a reference value, and the low level decoder having a second error correction capability lower than the first error correction capability is selected to decode the first data, when the first syndrome weight is the reference value or less.

Method of stripping a nitride layer from a wafer and wet etching apparatus using the same

Method of estimating deterioration state of memory device and related method of wear leveling

A method of estimating a deterioration state of a memory device comprises reading data from selected memory cells connected to a selected wordline of a memory cell array by applying to the selected wordline a plurality of distinct read voltages having values corresponding to at least one valley of threshold voltage distributions of the selected memory cells, generating quality estimation information indicating states of the threshold voltage distributions using the data read from the selected memory cells, and determining a deterioration state of a storage area including the selected memory cells based on the generated quality estimation information.

Controllers that generate output bits for storage in non-volatile memory devices by puncturing code word bits and methods for operating the same

An operating method of a controller includes selecting bits of code word to be punctured; detecting locations of incapable bits of an input word based on locations of the bits to be punctured and a structure of a generation matrix calculation unit; refreezing the input word such that frozen bits and incapable bits of the input word overlap; generating input word bits by replacing information word bits with frozen bits based on the refreezing result; generating the code word by performing generation matrix calculation on the input word bits; generating output bits by puncturing the code word based on locations of the bits to be punctured; and transmitting the output bits to a nonvolatile memory device.

Semiconductor device

A semiconductor device includes a substrate: a lower electrode disposed on the substrate; at least one support layer in contact with the lower electrode; a dielectric layer disposed on the lower electrode; the upper electrode is arranged on the dielectric layer; a first interfacial film between the lower electrode and the dielectric layer; and a second interface film between the upper electrode and the dielectric layer. At least one of the first interface film and the second interface film includes a plurality of layers, where the plurality of layers includes a first metal element and a second metal element, and at least one of oxygen and nitrogen. The lower electrode includes a first metal element. A first region of the first interfacial film includes a second metal element of a first concentration, and a second region of the first interfacial film includes the second metal element of a second concentration different from the first concentration.

Polar code decoding apparatus and method

A polar code encoding and decoding method includes generating a first and second sub-codewords. The sub-codewords correspond to pre-codewords, and the pre-codewords have a shared data aspect. The sub-codewords provide useful error-recovery for data stored in a memory. When data is read from the memory, decoding takes place. The data read operation may include hard decision decoding, soft decision decoding, or hard decision decoding followed by soft decision decoding. In the method, the shared data aspect is used to decode a first sub-codeword for which decoding was not initially successful. An apparatus is also provided.

MEMORY SYSTEM INCLUDING FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY (FPGA) AND METHOD OF OPERATING SAME

A memory system includes; a memory device, a memory controller including a first interface, a second interface, and a first data processor having a first error correction code (ECC) engine, and a field programmable gate array (FPGA) including a third interface connected to the first interface, a fourth interface connected to the second interface, a fifth interface connected to an external host, and a second data processor having a second ECC engine. The memory controller may configure a normal write operation path or highly reliable write operation path.

MEMORY CONTROLLER, OPERATING METHOD OF MEMORY CONTROLLER AND MEMORY SYSTEM

An operating method of a memory controller that individually controls a plurality of memory units includes reading respective segments from the plurality of memory units based on a plurality of control signals; generating an output codeword based on the segments; performing error correction decoding on the output codeword; when a result of the error correction decoding indicates success, updating at least one of a plurality of accumulated error pattern information respectively corresponding to the plurality of memory units based on the result of the error correction decoding; and when the result of the error correction decoding indicates failure, regulating at least one of the plurality of control signals based on at least one of the plurality of accumulated error pattern information.

POLAR CODE DECODING APPARATUS AND METHOD

A polar code encoding and decoding method includes generating a first and second sub-codewords. The sub-codewords correspond to pre-codewords, and the pre-codewords have a shared data aspect. The sub-codewords provide useful error-recovery for data stored in a memory. When data is read from the memory, decoding takes place. The data read operation may include hard decision decoding, soft decision decoding, or hard decision decoding followed by soft decision decoding. In the method, the shared data aspect is used to decode a first sub-codeword for which decoding was not initially successful. An apparatus is also provided. 1. A polar code encoding and decoding method comprising:generating a first sub-codeword by polar-encoding a first pre-codeword, the first pre-codeword including first unfrozen bits and first frozen bits, wherein the first unfrozen bits include first data bits and second data bits;generating a second sub-codeword by polar-encoding a second pre-codeword, the second pre-codeword including second unfrozen bits and second frozen bits, wherein the second unfrozen bits include third data bits and the second data bits;decoding the first sub-codeword;decoding the second sub-codeword; andif the decoding of the first sub-codeword is successful and the decoding of the second sub-codeword is not successful, decoding the second sub-codeword a second time, using the second data bits recovered from the decoding of the first sub-codeword.2. The polar code encoding and decoding method of claim 1 , further comprising:generating a third sub-codeword by polar-encoding third data, the third data including third unfrozen bits and third frozen bits, wherein the third unfrozen bits include fourth data bits and the second data bits;decoding the third sub-codeword; andwhen the decoding of the first sub-codeword is successful and the decoding of the second sub-codeword is not successful, if the decoding the third sub-codeword is not successful, decoding the third sub-codeword ...

DECODER PERFORMING ITERATIVE DECODING, AND STORAGE DEVICE USING THE SAME

A decoder including a main memory, a flag memory and a decoding logic is provided. The flag memory is configured to store flag data and the decoding logic configured to perform an iteration. Further, the decoding logic is configured to: perform an ioperation using first data, wherein i is a natural number, flag-encode second data that is results obtained by performing the ioperation on the first data, store results obtained by performing the flag encoding on the second data in the flag memory as first flag data if the flag encoding succeeds, and store predetermined second flag data that is different from the first flag data of the second data in the flag memory if the flag encoding fails. 1. A decoder comprising:a main memory;a flag memory configured to store flag data; and [{'sup': 'th', 'performing an ioperation using first data to obtain second data, i being a natural number,'}, 'performing a flag encoding operation on the second data,', 'in response to the flag encoding operation being successful, storing in the flag memory a result obtained by the flag encoding operation performed on the second data as first flag data, and', 'in response to the flag encoding operation being unsuccessful, storing a predetermined second flag data that is different from the first flag data of the second data in the flag memory., 'decoding logic configured to perform an iteration comprising2. The decoder of claim 1 , wherein a size of the first flag data is smaller than a size of the first data and a size of the second data claim 1 , and a size of the second flag data is smaller than the size of the first data and the size of the second data.3. The decoder of claim 1 , wherein a storage capacity of the flag memory is smaller than a storage capacity of the main memory.4. The decoder of claim 1 , wherein the decoding logic is further configured to store the second data in the main memory in response to the flag encoding operation being unsuccessful.5. The decoder of claim 4 , wherein ...

Memory system including field programmable gate array (FPGA) and method of operating same

A memory system includes; a memory device, a memory controller including a first interface, a second interface, and a first data processor having a first error correction code (ECC) engine, and a field programmable gate array (FPGA) including a third interface connected to the first interface, a fourth interface connected to the second interface, a fifth interface connected to an external host, and a second data processor having a second ECC engine. The memory controller may configure a normal write operation path or highly reliable write operation path.

Memory system and method of operating the memory system

A method of operating a memory system includes receiving information data corresponding to a second program unit that is a part of a first program unit and a write request for the information data from a host; generating a codeword by performing error correction code (ECC) encoding on the received information data such that a partial parity bit corresponding to the information data among all parity bits of the codeword is updated; and providing a memory device with the generated codeword and a write command regarding the codeword.

Decoder performing iterative decoding, and storage device using the same

A decoder including a main memory, a flag memory and a decoding logic is provided. The flag memory is configured to store flag data and the decoding logic configured to perform an iteration. Further, the decoding logic is configured to: perform an ith operation using first data, wherein i is a natural number, flag-encode second data that is results obtained by performing the ith operation on the first data, store results obtained by performing the flag encoding on the second data in the flag memory as first flag data if the flag encoding succeeds, and store predetermined second flag data that is different from the first flag data of the second data in the flag memory if the flag encoding fails.

Method of recovering data and memory system and raid storage system using the same

A method and system of recovering data includes reading reference codewords, which have code correlation with a target codeword, from a memory device when an error-correcting code (ECC) decoding process for a decoder input of the target codeword has failed. A decoder input of a corrected target codeword is generated based on an operation process using the target codeword and the reference codewords. An ECC decoding process is performed again on the decoder input of the corrected target codeword.

Error correction device, operating method of error correction device, and controller including error correction device

An error correction device includes a low density parity check (LDPC) decoder and an adaptive decoding controller. The LDPC decoder iteratively performs LDPC decoding on data by using a decoding parameter. The adaptive decoding controller calculates an error rate depending on a result of the LDPC decoding and adjusts the decoding parameter depending on the error rate.

OPERATING METHOD OF MEMORY CONTROLLER, STORAGE DEVICE AND THE OPERATING METHOD THEREOF

OPERATING METHOD OF MEMORY CONTROLLER, STORAGE DEVICE AND THE OPERATING METHOD THEREOF

An operating method of a memory controller is provided. The operating method includes receiving a first read data and a second conversion information, the second conversion information including data obtained by converting a second read data based on a linear operation, and the first read data and the second read data including data read from same memory cells; converting the first read data based on the linear operation to generate a first conversion information; performing a logical operation on the first conversion information and the second conversion information to generate an operation information; performing an inverse operation of the linear operation on the operation information to generate a reliability information; and correcting an error of the first read data based on the first read data and the reliability information.

Low-density parity check decoder, a storage device including the same, and a method

A low-density parity check (LDPC) decoder may include a variable node processing unit and a check node processing unit. The check node processing unit includes memory elements storing a check node value. The memory elements are interconnected through two or more paths, and each of the paths may include a total or partial cyclic permutation of the memory elements to transmit the check node value.

Operating method of controller controlling nonvolatile memory device and mapping pattern selecting method of selecting mapping pattern mapping polar coded code word with multi bit data of nonvolatile memory device

An operating method of a nonvolatile memory device controller includes generating a code word through polar encoding of information bits, reading a mapping pattern, generating a repeated mapping pattern through iteration of the mapping pattern, and mapping each bit of the code word onto a specific bit of multi-bit data of the nonvolatile memory device, based upon the repeated mapping pattern.

Error correction circuit and method for operating the same

An error correction circuit includes a memory that stores at least one decoding parameter, a low density parity check (LDPC) decoder that includes a first variable node storing one bit of the data, receives the at least one decoding parameter from the memory, decides a degree of the first variable node based on the at least one decoding parameter, and decides a decoding rule necessary for decoding of the one bit based on the degree of the first variable node, and an adaptive decoding controller that outputs corrected data based on a decoding result of the LDPC decoder.

Apparatus and method for transmitting and receiving data in a communication system using low density parity check codes

An apparatus for transmitting data in a communication system using a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) matrix is provided. The apparatus includes an interleaver for interleaving a descending bit-ordered codeword having a predetermined size and in accordance with a predetermined modulation scheme; and a bit mapper for mapping codeword bits constituting the interleaved codeword in accordance with a predetermined mapping scheme that takes into account degrees of the codeword bits and reliability characteristics of modulation symbol-constituting bits based on the predetermined modulation scheme.

MEMORY DEVICE, OPERATING AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF

A method of operating a memory device including a plurality of memory cells is provided. The method includes receiving a first write command, determining whether a target memory cell is deteriorated or not, in response to the first write command, and writing the second data by selectively erasing the target memory cell according to a result of the determination and by programming the target memory cell. 1. A method of operating a memory device comprising a plurality of memory cells , the method comprising:receiving a first write command for writing second data in a target memory cell, of the plurality of memory cells, having a first state corresponding to first data;determining whether the target memory cell is deteriorated based on the first state, in response to the first write command; andwriting the second data by selectively erasing the target memory cell according to a result of the determination and by programming the target memory cell to have a second state corresponding to the second data.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein writing the second data comprises:when the target memory cell is determined to be deteriorated, performing a first programming in which the target memory cell is erased and the target memory cell is programmed to have the second state; andwhen the target memory cell is determined not to be deteriorated, performing a second programming in which the target memory cell is programmed to be transited from the first state to the second state.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein performing the second programming comprises:determining the first data from the first state;comparing the first data and the second data; andwhen the first data and the second data are different from each other, transiting the target memory cell from the first state to the second state.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein determining the first data comprises:generating a reference signal based on the second data; andsensing the first state by using the reference signal.5. ...

Memory controller, operating method of memory controller and memory system

An operating method of a memory controller that individually controls a plurality of memory units includes reading respective segments from the plurality of memory units based on a plurality of control signals; generating an output codeword based on the segments; performing error correction decoding on the output codeword; when a result of the error correction decoding indicates success, updating at least one of a plurality of accumulated error pattern information respectively corresponding to the plurality of memory units based on the result of the error correction decoding; and when the result of the error correction decoding indicates failure, regulating at least one of the plurality of control signals based on at least one of the plurality of accumulated error pattern information.

Storage device including error correction decoder and operating method of error correction decoder

An operating method of an error correction decoder includes receiving data, setting initial log-likelihood values of variable nodes, and decoding the received data by updating a log-likelihood value of a selected variable node by use of a minimum value and a minimum candidate value associated with the selected variable node. The minimum value indicates a minimum value of absolute values of log-likelihood values of first variable nodes sharing a check node with the selected variable node and including the selected variable node. The minimum candidate value indicates one from among absolute values of log-likelihood values of second variable nodes that has the smallest value greater than the minimum value. The second variable nodes are selected later than one from among the first variable nodes corresponding to the minimum value.

MEMORY SYSTEM AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE MEMORY SYSTEM

A method of operating a memory system includes receiving information data corresponding to a second program unit that is a part of a first program unit and a write request for the information data from a host; generating a codeword by performing error correction code (ECC) encoding on the received information data such that a partial parity bit corresponding to the information data among all parity bits of the codeword is updated; and providing a memory device with the generated codeword and a write command regarding the codeword. 1. A method , executed by a memory controller , of operating a memory system , the method comprising:receiving information data corresponding to a second program unit that is a part of a first program unit and a write request for the information data from a host;generating a codeword by performing error correction code (ECC) encoding on the received information data such that a partial parity bit corresponding to the information data among all parity bits of the codeword is updated; andproviding a memory device with the generated codeword and a write command regarding the codeword.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ECC encoding is performed by using a low density parity check (LDPC) code.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the generating of the codeword comprises: generating the codeword by using a parity check matrix including a data region divided into (L+1) data sets and a parity region divided into L parity sets claim 2 , wherein L is an integer equal to or greater than 2 claim 2 ,wherein a first data set of the (L+1) data sets includes at least one first zero matrix, and a first parity set of the L parity sets includes at least one second zero matrix corresponding to at least one row in which the at least one first zero matrix is disposed.4. The method of claim 3 ,wherein if a size of the first program unit is K bits, and a size of the codeword is N bits, a size of the parity check matrix is (N−K)×N,{'sub': 1', '2', '3, 'wherein ...

ERROR CORRECTION CIRCUIT AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THE SAME

An error correction circuit includes a memory that stores at least one decoding parameter, a low density parity check (LDPC) decoder that includes a first variable node storing one bit of the data, receives the at least one decoding parameter from the memory, decides a degree of the first variable node based on the at least one decoding parameter, and decides a decoding rule necessary for decoding of the one bit based on the degree of the first variable node, and an adaptive decoding controller that outputs corrected data based on a decoding result of the LDPC decoder.

CONTROLLERS CONTROLLING NONVOLATILE MEMORY DEVICES AND OPERATING METHODS FOR CONTROLLERS

An operating method of a controller includes selecting bits of code word to be punctured; detecting locations of incapable bits of an input word based on locations of the bits to be punctured and a structure of a generation matrix calculation unit; refreezing the input word such that frozen bits and incapable bits of the input word overlap; generating input word bits by replacing information word bits with frozen bits based on the refreezing result; generating the code word by performing generation matrix calculation on the input word bits; generating output bits by puncturing the code word based on locations of the bits to be punctured; and transmitting the output bits to a nonvolatile memory device. 1. A method of operating a controller for a nonvolatile memory device , the method comprising:selecting bits of a polar encoded code word to be punctured;detecting locations of bits of an input word lost by puncturing based on locations of the bits to be punctured and a structure of a generation matrix associated with the polar code encoding;refreezing the input word such that frozen bits and incapable bits of the input word overlap;generating a modified input word by replacing information word bits of the input word with frozen bits based on the refrozen input word;generating the polar encoded code word based on the modified input word;puncturing the polar encoded code word to generate output bits; andtransmitting the output bits to the nonvolatile memory device.2. The operating method of claim 1 , wherein locations of frozen bits when the bits to be punctured are selected are different from locations of the frozen bits when the bits to be punctured are not selected.3. The operating method of claim 1 , wherein locations of the incapable bits vary when locations of the bits to be punctured vary.4. The operating method of claim 1 , wherein the selecting bits of the polar encoded code word to be punctured comprises:calculating polarization exponents of the generation ...

ERROR CORRECTION DEVICE, OPERATING METHOD OF ERROR CORRECTION DEVICE, AND CONTROLLER INCLUDING ERROR CORRECTION DEVICE

An error correction device includes a low density parity check (LDPC) decoder and an adaptive decoding controller. The LDPC decoder iteratively performs LDPC decoding on data by using a decoding parameter. The adaptive decoding controller calculates an error rate depending on a result of the LDPC decoding and adjusts the decoding parameter depending on the error rate.

CROSSWALK WALKING ASSISTANCE SYSTEM AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE SAME

A crosswalk walking assistance system to assist a pedestrian by moving a movable robot along with the pedestrian along a boundary of a crosswalk when the pedestrian crosses at the crosswalk, and a method of controlling the same. The crosswalk walking assistance system includes guide rails formed along boundary lines of a crosswalk, robots moving along the guide rails, and a controller connected to the guide rails. 1. A crosswalk walking assistance system comprising:guide rails formed along boundary lines of a crosswalk;robots moving along the guide rails; anda controller connected to the guide rails.2. The crosswalk walking assistance system according to claim 1 , wherein the boundary lines are both lines of a width of the crosswalk.3. The crosswalk walking assistance system according to claim 2 , whereinthe robots move along the guide rails formed on the boundary lines forward and backward, andthe robots are respectively provided on the guide rails.4. The crosswalk walking assistance system according to claim 1 , whereineach respective guide rail of the guide rails includes a sensor to sense an object passing through the respective guide rail, andthe sensor includes a conductivity sensor and a pressure sensor.5. The crosswalk walking assistance system according to claim 1 , wherein:the controller is electrically connected to the guide rails, and a power supply to supply power to the robots; and', 'a communication unit to perform communication between traffic lights and the robots., 'the controller includes6. The crosswalk walking assistance system according to claim 1 , wherein each of the robots includes:a driving unit;a sensor unit to sense variation in surrounding circumstances;a power reception unit to receive power;a communication unit to perform communication between the controller and another robot of said robots; anda control unit to control the driving unit according to signals transmitted from the sensor unit and the communication unit.7. The crosswalk ...

ROBOT AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE SAME

A robot which is able to complete all or a part of desired operations and take a safety countermeasure in order to prevent an unexpected result from being obtained, even when a power source of a motor-based robot is unintentionally and suddenly cut off. A method of controlling a robot, which includes a main power source, a subsidiary power source and a motor to receive power from at least one of the main power source and the subsidiary power source, includes driving the motor using power supplied from the subsidiary power source if power supplied from the main power source is cut off, selecting at least one of a plurality of safety control modes to stably control the robot in consideration of a current state of the robot, and controlling the robot to operate in the selected safety control mode. 1. A method comprising: supplying power to the motor from a subsidiary power source to thereby drive the motor with the power supplied from the subsidiary power source,', 'selecting at least one of a plurality of safety control modes to stably control the robot in consideration of a current state of the robot with the motor being driven with the power supplied from the subsidiary power source, and', 'controlling the robot to operate in the selected safety control mode., 'when power supplied from a main power source to a motor of a robot to drive the motor is cut off,'}2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of safety control modes includes a coast mode claim 1 , a brake mode claim 1 , a hold position mode and a keep previous command mode.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the coast mode enables the motor to coast so as to stop an operation of the robot.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein supply of current to the motor is cut off in the coast mode.5. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the coast mode enables the robot to rapidly stop.6. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the robot operates in the coast mode if the supply of ...

Robot system and control method thereof

A robot system and a control method thereof in which, when a robot is located in a docking region, the robot calculates a distance by emitting infrared rays and detecting ultrasonic waves oscillated from a charging station, measures a distance from the charging station and performs docking with charging station. The distance between the robot and the charging station is precisely measured, thereby performing smooth and correct docking of the robot with the charging station. Further, the robot emits infrared rays only while performing docking with the charging station and thus reduces power consumption required for infrared ray emission, and wakes up a circuit in the charging station based on the infrared rays emitted from the robot and thus reduces power consumption of the charging station.

METHOD FOR ESTIMATING CONNECTION ORDERS OF MODULES OF MODULAR ROBOT

A method for estimating a connection order of modules in a robot including the modules each having a joint as a basic unit. Since a device and a program are connected by software and thus a joint and program are connected by software, it is possible for a user to control robot joints without being aware of the connection relationship between the devices and the joints in the modular robot in which the plurality of modules each including a movable joint as a basic unit is connected. 1. A method for estimating a connection order of modules of a modular robot , each module including a joint , a link connected to the joint and a device for controlling the joint , the method comprising:sequentially moving the joints respectively provided in the modules;measuring torques applied to the joints while the joints sequentially move;arranging indexes of the devices according to the measured torques; andcomparing the arranged indexes of the devices so as to estimate the connection order of the modules.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sequentially moving includes:selectively moving one of the joints; andenabling the joints other than the moving joint to remain stationary.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the measuring torques includes sequentially measuring the torques applied to the joints other than the moving joint.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the arranging indexes includes arranging the indexes of the devices from the moving joint in descending order of the measured torques.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the indexes of the devices are arranged from the moving joint by the number of joints.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the comparing the arranged indexes of the devices so as to estimate the connection order of the modules includes:selecting one of the indexes of the devices arranged by the number of joints;next arranging an index of a device closest to the selected index; andrepeating said selecting and ...

ROBOT CLEANER AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF

A robot cleaner and a control method thereof includes determining whether a first cleaning mode has been selected, upon determining that the first cleaning mode has been selected, defining a plurality of cleaning regions based on a position of the robot cleaner, and sequentially cleaning the defined cleaning regions. 1. A control method of a robot cleaner comprising:defining a plurality of cleaning regions based on a position of the robot cleaner according to a first cleaning mode; andsequentially cleaning the defined cleaning regions.2. The control method according to claim 1 , wherein the first cleaning mode comprises a repetition mode to sequentially repeat the cleaning within each cleaning region among the plurality of defined cleaning regions.3. The control method according to claim 1 , wherein the sequential cleaning of the defined cleaning regions comprises:performing contour travel along a contour of a cleaning region in which the robot cleaner is located to detect a reference wall;redefining the cleaning region in which the robot cleaner is located and setting a cleaning direction based on the detected reference wall; andcleaning the redefined cleaning region while traveling along a predetermined travel path.4. The control method according to claim 3 , wherein the detection of the reference wall comprises detecting the obstacle as the reference wall when a rotation angle of the robot cleaner rotated by an obstacle during the contour travel is less than a reference angle and a travel distance of the robot cleaner after rotation by the rotation angle is greater than a reference distance.5. The control method according to claim 3 , wherein the redefinition of the cleaning region in which the robot cleaner is located and setting the cleaning direction based on the detected reference wall comprises:selecting a longest reference wall among a plurality of reference walls detected as a result of the contour travel; andredefining the cleaning region in which the ...

Operating Method of Controller Controlling Nonvolatile Memory Device and Mapping Pattern Selecting Method of Selecting Mapping Pattern Mapping Polar Coded Code Word with Multi Bit Data of Nonvolatile Memory Device

An operating method of a nonvolatile memory device controller includes generating a code word through polar encoding of information bits, reading a mapping pattern, generating a repeated mapping pattern through iteration of the mapping pattern, and mapping each bit of the code word onto a specific bit of multi-bit data of the nonvolatile memory device, based upon the repeated mapping pattern.

DRIVING UNIT AND CLEANING ROBOT COMPRISING SAME

Disclosed herein is a cleaning robot including an improved driving unit to escape from an undriveable state occurring under various driving conditions. The cleaning robot includes a body, and a driving unit that drives the body. The driving unit includes a first driving motor and a second driving motor that generate driving power; a driving wheel that rotates when the driving power is delivered to the driving wheel from the first driving motor; and a wheel frame that supports the driving wheel to be rotatable and rotates between a first position and a second position with respect to a motor shaft of the first driving motor. The wheel frame rotates in at least one section between the first position and the second position when the driving power is delivered to the wheel frame from the second driving motor. 1. A cleaning robot comprising:a body; anda driving unit to drive the body;wherein the driving unit comprises:a first driving motor and a second driving motor to generate driving power;a driving wheel to rotate when the driving power is delivered to the driving wheel from the first driving motor; anda wheel frame to support the driving wheel to be rotatable, and rotate between a first position and a second position with respect to a motor shaft of the first driving motor,wherein the wheel frame rotates in at least one section between the first position and the second position when the driving power is delivered to the wheel frame from the second driving motor.2. The cleaning robot of claim 1 , further comprising:a housing to fix the first driving motor and the second driving motor; andan elastic member disposed between the housing and the wheel frame,wherein the wheel frame is pressurized by the elastic member to rotate in a section in which the driving power is not delivered to the wheel frame from the second driving motor.3. The cleaning robot of claim 2 , wherein the wheel frame is pressurized by the elastic member to rotate between the first position and a ...

METHOD OF RECOVERING DATA AND MEMORY SYSTEM AND RAID STORAGE SYSTEM USING THE SAME

A method and system of recovering data includes reading reference codewords, which have code correlation with a target codeword, from a memory device when an error-correcting code (ECC) decoding process for a decoder input of the target codeword has failed. A decoder input of a corrected target codeword is generated based on an operation process using the target codeword and the reference codewords. An ECC decoding process is performed again on the decoder input of the corrected target codeword. 1. A method of recovering data , the method comprising:reading reference codewords, which have a code correlation with a target codeword, from a memory device when an error-correcting code (ECC) decoding process for a decoder input of the target codeword has failed;generating a decoder input of a corrected target codeword, based on an operation process using the target codeword and the reference codewords; andperforming the ECC decoding process again on the decoder input of the corrected target codeword.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reference codewords comprise codewords read from a storage region which forms the same stripe as the target codeword.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the generating of the decoder input of the corrected target codeword comprises:performing the ECC decoding process on each of the reference codewords; andcorrecting the decoder input of the target codeword, based on the operation process according to the code correlation, by using a decoding result of a reference codeword that has succeeded in the ECC decoding process, a soft input of a reference codeword that has failed in the ECC decoding process, and a soft input of the target codeword that has failed in the ECC decoding process.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising correcting the decoder input of the target codeword when the ECC decoding process for at least one of the reference codewords has failed claim 3 , and recovering the target codeword by using decoding results of the ...

MEMORY SYSTEM INCLUDING FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY (FPGA) AND METHOD OF OPERATING SAME

A memory system includes; a memory device, a memory controller including a first interface, a second interface, and a first data processor having a first error correction code (ECC) engine, and a field programmable gate array (FPGA) including a third interface connected to the first interface, a fourth interface connected to the second interface, a fifth interface connected to an external host, and a second data processor having a second ECC engine. The memory controller may configure a normal write operation path or highly reliable write operation path. 1. A memory system comprising:a memory device; anda memory controller comprising a first interface, a second interface, a first data processor, and a second data processor,wherein the first data processor is configured to perform a first data processing on read data retrieved via the first interface from the memory device and output the first processed read data via one of the second interface and the second data processor,wherein the second data processor is configured to perform a second data processing on the first processed read data and output the second processed read data to an external host via the second interface, andwherein the second data processor comprises a second error correction code (ECC) engine configured to perform a second ECC decoding on the first-processed read data received from the first data processor to provide the second-processed read data.2. The memory system according to claim 1 , wherein the first data processor comprises a first ECC engine and is configured such that the read data bypasses the first ECC engine to provide the first-processed read data.3. The memory system according to claim 1 , wherein the first data processor comprises a first ECC engine configured to perform a first ECC decoding on write data received via one of the second data processor and the second interface according to a first H-matrix claim 1 , andthe second ECC engine performs the second ECC decoding based ...

Cleaning robot and control method therefor

Disclosed is a cleaning robot for creating a 3Dimensional (3D) obstacle map including information about a height of an object existing on an area to be cleaned, and cleaning the area to be cleaned based on the 3D obstacle map, and a method of controlling the cleaning robot. In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided. The cleaning robot includes a main body, a moving portion configured to move the main body, an obstacle sensor configured to sense a height of an obstacle, and a controller configured to create an obstacle map including information about the height of the obstacle.

Low-density parity check decoder, a storage device including the same, and a method

A low-density parity check (LDPC) decoder may include a variable node processing unit and a check node processing unit. The check node processing unit includes memory elements storing a check node value. The memory elements are interconnected through two or more paths, and each of the paths may include a total or partial cyclic permutation of the memory elements to transmit the check node value.

CLEANING ROBOT AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE SAME

A cleaning robot includes a non-circular main body, a moving assembly mounted on a bottom surface of the main body to perform forward movement, backward movement and rotation of the main body, a cleaning tool assembly mounted on the bottom surface of the main body to clean a floor, a detector to detect an obstacle around the main body, and a controller to determine whether an obstacle is present in a forward direction of the main body based on a detection signal of the detector, control the rotation of the main body to determine whether the main body rotates by a predetermined angle or more upon determining that the obstacle is present in the forward direction, and determine that the main body is in a stuck state to control the backward movement of the main body if the main body rotates by the predetermined angle or less. 1. A cleaning robot comprising:a main body;a moving assembly mounted on a bottom surface of the main body to perform forward movement to move the main body in a first direction that is a traveling direction of the main body, backward movement to move the main body in a second direction opposite to the first direction, and rotation to rotate the main body within a predetermined range to change the traveling direction of the main body;a cleaning tool assembly mounted on the bottom surface of the main body to clean a floor;a detector to detect an obstacle around the main body; anda controller to determine whether an obstacle is present in front of the main body in the traveling direction based on a detection signal of the detector, control the rotation of the main body to determine whether the main body rotates by an angle equal to or greater than a predetermined angle upon determining that the obstacle is present, and determine that the main body is in a stuck state to control the backward movement of the main body when the main body rotates by an angle less than the predetermined angle.2. The cleaning robot according to claim 1 , further comprising ...

Electronic device comprising antenna

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a housing, a wireless communication circuit, a first antenna radiator electrically connected with a first ground, a second antenna radiator electrically connected with a second ground, a feeding unit that feeds at least one of the first antenna radiator or the second antenna radiator, and a first switch that operates at a first connection state where the feeding unit and the first antenna radiator are electrically connected to each other, at a second connection state where the feeding unit and the second antenna are electrically connected to each other, or at a third connection state where the feeding unit and the first antenna radiator are connected to each other and the feeding unit and the second antenna radiator are electrically connected to each other, based on a first control signal from the wireless communication circuit.

METHOD OF ESTIMATING DETERIORATION STATE OF MEMORY DEVICE AND RELATED METHOD OF WEAR LEVELING

A method of estimating a deterioration state of a memory device comprises reading data from selected memory cells connected to a selected wordline of a memory cell array by applying to the selected wordline a plurality of distinct read voltages having values corresponding to at least one valley of threshold voltage distributions of the selected memory cells, generating quality estimation information indicating states of the threshold voltage distributions using the data read from the selected memory cells, and determining a deterioration state of a storage area including the selected memory cells based on the generated quality estimation information. 1. A method of estimating a deterioration state of a memory device , comprising:reading data from selected memory cells connected to a selected wordline of a memory cell array by applying to the selected wordline a plurality of distinct read voltages having values corresponding to at least one valley of threshold voltage distributions of the selected memory cells;generating quality estimation information indicating states of the threshold voltage distributions using the data read from the selected memory cells; anddetermining a deterioration state of a storage area including the selected memory cells based on the generated quality estimation information.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of read voltages comprise read voltages set to generate soft-decision data.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of read voltages comprise a first read voltage for hard-decision claim 1 , a second read voltage decreased by an initially set first offset voltage based on the first read voltage claim 1 , and a third read voltage increased by an initially set second offset voltage based on the first read voltage.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating the quality estimation information comprises:determining, based on the data read from the selected memory cells by applying each of the plurality of read ...

DISTRIBUTED DATABASE MANAGING METHOD AND COMPOSITION NODE THEREOF SUPPORTING DYNAMIC SHARDING BASED ON THE METADATA AND DATA TRANSACTION QUANTITY

The present invention relates to a method of managing a distributed database and constituent nodes of the database. According to the present invention, it is possible to perform flexible, automatic, and dynamic sharding that can sense whether a specific node needs to be sharded, and can automatically apply an optimal sharding strategy to be applied to database sharding or provide the optimal sharding strategy to at least a manager, by establishing an optimal measure on the basis of the database configuration, the data size, and the transaction quantity for each data. 1. A method of managing a distributed database , the method comprising:selecting a database partition target node from constituent nodes of a distributed database system based on at least one of a data size stored in each constituent node or a transaction quantity generated for each constituent node;generating a sharding strategy to be applied to the selected database partition target node using meta information and a transaction log of the distributed database data stored in the selected database partition target node, the sharding strategy comprising a shard key and a shard function; andsharding at least a portion of the database data stored in the selected database partition target node to one or more new nodes in accordance with the generated sharding strategy.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the selecting claim 1 , the generating claim 1 , and the sharding are performed without an operation of a manager.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the generating comprises:generating two or more sharding strategies;calculating points of the generated two or more sharding strategies using the transaction log and the meta information of the database data included in the selected database partition target node; andnotifying a predetermined manager of the two or more generated sharding strategies and the points calculated for the sharding strategies.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sharding includes: ...

STORAGE DEVICE INCLUDING ERROR CORRECTION DECODER AND OPERATING METHOD OF ERROR CORRECTION DECODER

An operating method of an error correction decoder includes receiving data, setting initial log-likelihood values of variable nodes, and decoding the received data by updating a log-likelihood value of a selected variable node by use of a minimum value and a minimum candidate value associated with the selected variable node. The minimum value indicates a minimum value of absolute values of log-likelihood values of first variable nodes sharing a check node with the selected variable node and including the selected variable node. The minimum candidate value indicates one, greater than the minimum value and smallest, from among absolute values of log-likelihood values of second variable nodes that are selected later than one, corresponding to the minimum value, from among the first variable nodes. 1. An operating method of an error correction decoder based on a low density parity check , the method comprising:receiving data;setting initial log-likelihood values of variable nodes depending on the received data; anddecoding the received data by updating a log-likelihood value of a selected variable node by use of a minimum value and a minimum candidate value associated with the selected variable node, wherein:the minimum value indicates a minimum value of absolute values of log-likelihood values of first variable nodes sharing a check node with the selected variable node and including the selected variable node, andthe minimum candidate value indicates one, greater than the minimum value and smallest, from among absolute values of log-likelihood values of second variable nodes that are selected later than one, corresponding to the minimum value, from among the first variable nodes.2. The operating method of claim 1 , wherein:a log-likelihood value of the selected variable node is updated additionally using a minimum value position and a minimum candidate value position,the minimum value position indicates a position of one, corresponding to the minimum value and being ...

SHORT DISTANCE USER RECOGNITION SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING INFORMATION USING SAME

Disclosed are a system for identifying a user at a close range and an information providing system and method using the same, and more particularly to a close-range user identification system and an information providing system and method using the same, in which at least one user located at a close range visible to a client's naked eyes is searched and identified through a network or close-range communication directing, and opened information of the at least one identified user or a location-based advertisement is given to the at least one searched user. 1. A close-range user identification system comprising:a terminal which comprises a detector to receive only detection information without communication or network connection through distance detection at least one surrounding user-terminal, and an application to control the detector and provide an interface for receiving information; andan information providing server which receives detection information of at least one surrounding user-terminal located at a close range from the application, and extracts and identifies at least one surrounding user-terminal matching with the detection information.2. The close-range user identification system according to claim 1 , wherein the detector comprises a network module for detecting at least one surrounding user-terminal connected to a network through a network identifier claim 1 , or a near field communication module for detecting at least one surrounding user-terminal within near field communication coverage through a near field communication identifier claim 1 ,the network identifier comprising a Wi-Fi MAC address, andthe near field communication identifier comprises a Bluetooth MAC address.3. (canceled)4. The close-range user identification system according to claim 1 , wherein the information providing server comprises a searching request manager which certifies a terminal to comply with a user searching request if receiving the user searching request from the ...

Memory controller, storage device and operating method of memory controller

Provided is an operating method of a memory controller which comprises receiving first decision data of M bits from a memory device, where M is a natural number; converting the M-bit first decision data into second decision data of N bits, where N is a natural number less than M; and attempting a first decoding using the second decision data.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CLASSIFYING DATA AND SYSTEM FOR COLLECTING DATA

Provided are an apparatus and method for classifying data and a system for collecting data. The method includes clustering vectors, each of which consists of at least one attribute value, for a plurality of pieces of target data including degrees of class membership and the vectors in view of the degrees of class membership, labeling the plurality of pieces of target data according to a result of the clustering, and generating a classification model using the labeled pieces of target data. 1. An apparatus for classifying target data comprising degrees of class membership and vectors , one vector of the vectors comprising at least one attribute value , the apparatus comprising:a clusterer configured to cluster the vectors into at least one cluster, based on the degrees of class membership, in a cluster operation; anda classification model generator configured to label the target data according to a result of the cluster operation, and generate a classification model using the labeled target data.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a cluster parameter determiner configured to optimize a cluster parameter value according to a first cluster of the at least one cluster claim 1 , of the vectors of the target data claim 1 ,wherein the clusterer re-clusters the vectors of the target data using the optimized cluster parameter value and the degrees of class membership.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the cluster parameter determiner optimizes the cluster parameter value according to the first cluster claim 2 , based on whether or not a degree of similarity between vectors in the first cluster exceeds a predetermined similarity threshold value claim 2 , and a distance between the first cluster and a second cluster of the at least one cluster exceeds a predetermined distance threshold value.4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the clusterer re-clusters the vectors of the target data using the following equation:{'br': None, 'PDF′=PDF×Degree of Class ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GENERATING PREDICTION MODEL

Disclosed herein are an apparatus for generating a prediction model and a method thereof. The apparatus for generating a prediction model from data composed of a plurality of instances each including one or more predictor values and a target value includes a pre-processing module configured to generate pre-processed target values by calculating weighted averages of the target values for a predetermined prediction period and subtracting the weighted averages from the target values, a prediction model generation module configured to calculate prediction values of the target values of the respective instances from the plurality of instances including the pre-processed target values, and a post-processing module configured to add the weighted averages, which are subtracted in the pre-processing module, to the prediction values of the target values of the respective instances. 1. An apparatus for generating a prediction model from data composed of a plurality of instances each including one or more predictor values and a target value , the apparatus comprising:a pre-processing module configured to generate pre-processed target values by calculating weighted averages of the target values based on a predetermined prediction period and subtracting the weighted averages from the target values;a prediction model generation module configured to calculate prediction values of the target values of respective instances from the plurality of instances including the pre-processed target values; anda post-processing module configured to add the weighted averages, which are subtracted in the pre-processing module, to the prediction values of the target values of the respective instances.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the pre-processing module calculates the weighted average of a target value based on a certain prediction period by using the target value of the certain prediction period claim 1 , one or more adjacent target values which have differences with the certain ...

APPARATUS FOR DATA ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION AND METHOD THEREOF

An apparatus and a method for data analysis and prediction, the apparatus including: a data collection unit configured to collect a prediction value derived through a machine learning of input data; a candidate prediction value generation unit configured to generate a candidate prediction value; a rule verification value configured to store one or more rules and verify whether the candidate prediction value violates the one or more rules; and an evaluation unit configured to calculate a fitness of the candidate prediction value according to an error rate of the candidate prediction value with respect to the prediction value and a verification result of the rule verification unit. 1. An apparatus for data analysis and prediction , the apparatus comprising:a data collection unit configured to collect a prediction value derived through a machine learning of input data;a candidate prediction value generation unit configured to generate a candidate prediction value;a rule verification value configured to store one or more rules and verify whether the candidate prediction value violates the one or more rules; andan evaluation unit configured to calculate a fitness of the candidate prediction value according to an error rate of the candidate prediction value with respect to the prediction value and a verification result of the rule verification unit.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the rules include a penalty value depending on whether the candidate prediction value violates the rules.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the verification result is a sum of penalty values when the candidate prediction value is applied to each of the one or more rules.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the evaluation unit determines that the candidate prediction value has a higher fitness as a value obtained by adding the error rate and the sum of the penalty values is smaller.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the candidate prediction value generation unit changes the candidate ...

METHOD OF OPERATING DECODER FOR REDUCING COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY AND METHOD OF OPERATING DATA STORAGE DEVICE INCLUDING THE DECODER

A method of operating a decoder, which has variable nodes and check nodes, includes receiving variable-to-check (V2C) messages from the variable nodes using a first check node among the check nodes. The number of messages having a specific magnitude among the V2C messages is counted. The magnitude of a check-to-variable (C2V) message to be transmitted to a first variable node, among the variable nodes, is determined based on the count value and the magnitude of a V2C message of the first variable node. 1. A decoder comprising:a variable node module configured to receive at least one check-to-variable message corresponding to at least one variable node, output at least one variable-to-check message, and output decoded data corresponding to the at least one variable node; anda check node module configured to receive the at least one variable-to-check message and generate at least one updated check-to-variable message corresponding to at least one check node based on a count value of a specific magnitude of the at least one check-to-variable message.2. The decoder of claim 1 , wherein each of the at least one check-to-variable message includes a two-bit message.3. The decoder of claim 1 , wherein each of the at least one variable-to-check message includes a two-bit message.4. The decoder of claim 1 , wherein the at least one variable-to-check message includes multiple variable-to-check messages claim 1 , and the check node module generates the count value of a specific magnitude of the multiple check-to-variable message.5. The decoder of claim 1 , wherein the at least one variable-to-check message includes multiple variable-to-check messages claim 1 , and the check node module generates the count value of each of distinct magnitudes of the multiple check-to-variable message.6. The decoder of claim 1 , wherein the at least one variable-to-check message includes multiple variable-to-check messages claim 1 ,each of the multiple variable-to-check messages includes a sign ...

CLEANING ROBOT AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF

A cleaning robot having improved traveling performance and a method of controlling the same. The cleaning robot detects a stuck state such as a ‘jammed state, ‘lifted state’, or ‘object-caught state’ by using a motion instruction or sensor information and quickly escapes from the stuck state caused in various traveling conditions by using a wheel structure capable of changing a total height of the cleaning robot. In addition, a degree of risk and type of the stuck state is predicted before the cleaning robot is in the stuck state so that the cleaning robot may deal with the stuck state in advance. The cleaning robot may escape from the stuck state via rapidly deceleration or quick stopping in accordance with the predicted degree of risk of the stuck state, and the cleaning robot may efficiently deal with the stuck state by using information to select an escaping method suitable for the type of the stuck state. 1. A cleaning robot comprising:a main body;a drive unit to move the main body; a plurality of motors to generate driving force;', 'a plurality of wheels connected to one of the plurality of motors and rotating by driving force received from the one of the plurality of motors; and', 'a driving frame to support the plurality of wheels, receive driving force from another motor among the plurality of motors, and rotate for changing positions of the plurality of wheels., 'wherein the drive unit comprises'}2. The cleaning robot according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of motors comprises:a first motor to rotate the plurality of wheels to move the main body; anda second motor to rotate the driving frame to control a height of the main body.3. The cleaning robot according to claim 2 , wherein the second motor is installed perpendicular to the first motor to rotate the driving frame about a rotation shaft.4. The cleaning robot according to claim 2 , further comprising a gear unit to transmit driving force of the second motor to the driving frame claim 2 , a worm ...

CLEANING ROBOT AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE SAME

A cleaning robot includes a non-circular main body, a moving assembly mounted on a bottom surface of the main body to perform forward movement, backward movement and rotation of the main body, a cleaning tool assembly mounted on the bottom surface of the main body to clean a floor, a detector to detect an obstacle around the main body, and a controller to determine whether an obstacle is present in a forward direction of the main body based on a detection signal of the detector, control the rotation of the main body to determine whether the main body rotates by a predetermined angle or more upon determining that the obstacle is present in the forward direction, and determine that the main body is in a stuck state to control the backward movement of the main body if the main body rotates by the predetermined angle or less. 1. A cleaning robot comprising:a main body;a moving assembly mounted on a bottom surface of the main body to perform forward movement to move the main body in a first direction that is a traveling direction of the main body, backward movement to move the main body in a second direction opposite to the first direction, and rotation to rotate the main body within a predetermined range to change the traveling direction of the main body;a cleaning tool assembly mounted on the bottom surface of the main body to clean a floor;a detector to detect an obstacle around the main body; anda controller to determine whether an obstacle is present in front of the main body in the traveling direction based on a detection signal of the detector, control the rotation of the main body to determine whether the main body rotates by an angle equal to or greater than a predetermined angle upon determining that the obstacle is present, and determine that the main body is in a stuck state to control the backward movement of the main body when the main body rotates by an angle less than the predetermined angle.2. The cleaning robot according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

STORAGE CONTROLLER FOR CORRECTING ERROR, STORAGE DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME, AND OPERATING METHOD THEREOF

An operating method of a storage controller which includes a high level decoder and a low level decoder includes generating first data that is a result of decoding initial data read from a nonvolatile memory device, and a first syndrome weight indicating an error level of the first data. The first data is output to a host when the first syndrome weight is a specific value. The high level decoder having a first error correction capability is selected to decode the first data, when the first syndrome weight exceeds a reference value, and the low level decoder having a second error correction capability lower than the first error correction capability is selected to decode the first data, when the first syndrome weight is the reference value or less. 1. An operating method of a storage controller which includes a high level decoder and a low level decoder , the method comprising:generating first data that is a result of decoding initial data that is read from a nonvolatile memory device, and a first syndrome weight indicating an error level of the first data;outputting the first data to a host when the first syndrome weight is a specific value;selecting the high level decoder having a first error correction capability to decode the first data, when the first syndrome weight exceeds a reference value; andselecting the low level decoder having a second error correction capability lower than the first error correction capability to decode the first data, when the first syndrome weight is the reference value or less.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:generating second data that is a result of decoding the first data, and a second syndrome weight indicating an error level of the second data, at the selected high level decoder or the selected low level decoder.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:outputting the second data to the host when the second syndrome weight is the specific value.4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:storing the first data ...

METHOD, APPARATUS AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR OPERATING A MACHINE LEARNING FRAMEWORK WITH ACTIVE LEARNING TECHNIQUE

Provided is a method for analyzing a user in a data analysis server, the method including; step A of establishing a question database comprising a plurality of questions, of collecting solving result data of a user for the plurality of questions, and of learning the solving result data, thereby generating a data analysis model for modeling the user; step B of generating an expert model that recommends learning data necessary for machine learning of the data analysis model; step C of extracting at least one question from the question database according to recommendation from the expert model, and of updating the data analysis model using solving result data of a user for the at least one extracted question; and step D of updating the expert model by applying, to update information of the data analysis model, a reward that is set in a direction to improve prediction accuracy of the data analysis model. 1. A method for analyzing a user in a data analysis server , the method comprising:step A of establishing a question database comprising a plurality of questions, of collecting solving result data of a user for the plurality of questions, and of learning the solving result data, thereby generating a data analysis model for modeling the user;step B of generating an expert model that operates independently of the data analysis model, that is learned based on data different from data for the data analysis model, and that recommends learning data necessary for the data analysis model to improve performance of the data analysis model at an arbitrary point in time;step C of extracting at least one question from the question database according to recommendation from the expert model, and of updating the data analysis model using solving result data of a user for the at least one extracted question; andstep D of updating the expert model by applying, to update information of the data analysis model, a reward that is set in a direction to improve prediction accuracy of the data ...

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LEARNING-BASED USER KNOWLEDGE TRACING SYSTEM AND OPERATING METHOD THEREOF

The present invention relates to a user knowledge tracing method with more improved accuracy, and an operating method for a user knowledge tracing system including a plurality of encoder neural networks and a plurality of decoder neural networks includes: inputting exercise information to a k-th encoder neural network and inputting response information to a k-th decoder neural network; generating query data, which is information on an exercise for which a user is to predict a correct answer probability, by reflecting a weight to the response information and generating attention information to be used as a weight for the query data by reflecting the weight to the exercise information; and training the user knowledge tracing system by using the attention information as the weight for the query data. 1. An operating method for a user knowledge tracing system including a plurality of encoder neural networks and a plurality of decoder neural networks , the operating method comprising:inputting exercise information to a k-th encoder neural network and inputting response information to a k-th decoder neural network;generating query data, which is information on an exercise for which a user is to predict a correct answer probability by reflecting a weight to the response information and generating attention information to be used as a weight for the query data by reflecting the weight to the exercise information; andtraining the user knowledge tracing system by using the attention information as the weight for the query data.2. The user knowledge tracing system of claim 1 , further comprising:in a case where a number of the plurality of encoder neural networks and the plurality of decoder neural networks which are stacked is N, when k is less than N, repeatedly performing the step of generating the attention information and the step of training the user knowledge tracing system.3. The user knowledge tracing system of claim 2 , further comprising:when k is equal to or ...

Apparatus and method for providing drm service based on cloud

A DRM service providing method of a DRM cloud server is provided. The DRM service providing method includes receiving a request for a DRM management service from a contents service company; sending a DRM cloud agent for the contents service company to a server of the contents service company; if a contents provider terminal device sends a request for registration of specific contents by using the DRM cloud agent allotted to the contents service company, packaging the contents corresponding to the received request for registration of the specific contents to DRM contents; and storing the packaged DRM contents, an encryption key for the packaged DRM contents and information upon permissions for use of the packaged DRM contents.

MEMORY CONTROLLER OPERATING METHOD OF MEMORY CONTROLLER AND MEMORY SYSTEM

An operating method of a memory controller that individually controls a plurality of memory units includes reading respective segments from the plurality of memory units based on a plurality of control signals; generating an output codeword based on the segments; performing error correction decoding on the output codeword; when a result of the error correction decoding indicates success, updating at least one of a plurality of accumulated error pattern information respectively corresponding to the plurality of memory units based on the result of the error correction decoding; and when the result of the error correction decoding indicates failure, regulating at least one of the plurality of control signals based on at least one of the plurality of accumulated error pattern information. 1. An apparatus comprising:a non-volatile memory including a plurality of memory cells; anda control circuit in communication with the plurality of memory cells, and configured to:perform an operation to revise a read signal based on comparisons of the numbers of memory cells in a group having a value for a data state in adjacent areas;establish a final read signal based on a result of the operation; anduse the final read signal to distinguish between two adjacent data states stored in the group.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the read signal is a read voltage level.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the control circuit revises the read signal to decrease the number of error bits read from the non-volatile memory.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the operation to revise the read signal includes:reading respective segments from the plurality of memory cells;generating an output codeword based on the segments; andperforming an error correction decoding on the output codeword.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the control circuit compares the numbers of memory cells in the group having a threshold voltage in the adjacent areas.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ...

Decoder performing iterative decoding, and storage device using the same

A decoder including a main memory, a flag memory and a decoding logic is provided. The flag memory is configured to store flag data and the decoding logic configured to perform an iteration. Further, the decoding logic is configured to: perform an ith operation using first data, wherein i is a natural number, flag-encode second data that is results obtained by performing the ith operation on the first data, store results obtained by performing the flag encoding on the second data in the flag memory as first flag data if the flag encoding succeeds, and store predetermined second flag data that is different from the first flag data of the second data in the flag memory if the flag encoding fails.

LIST DECODING METHOD FOR POLAR CODE AND MEMORY SYSTEM USING THE SAME

A list decoding method for a polar code includes generating a tree-type decoding graph for input codeword symbols; the generating a tree-type decoding graph including, generating a decoding path list to which a decoding edge is added based on a reliability of a decoding path, the decoding path list being generated such that, among decoding paths generated based on the decoding edge, decoding paths within a threshold number of critical paths survive within the decoding path list in an order of high likelihood probability, and determining an estimation value, which corresponds to a decoding path having a maximum likelihood probability from among decoding paths of the decoding path list, as an information word. 1. A list decoding method for a polar code , the method comprising: 'generating a decoding path list to which a decoding edge is added based on a reliability of a decoding path,', 'generating a tree-type decoding graph for input codeword symbols, the generating a tree-type decoding graph including,'}the decoding path list being generated such that, among decoding paths generated based on the decoding edge, decoding paths within a threshold number of critical paths survive within the decoding path list in an order of high likelihood probability; anddetermining an estimation value, which corresponds to a decoding path having a maximum likelihood probability from among decoding paths of the decoding path list, as an information word.2. The list decoding method of claim 1 , further comprising:determining the reliabilities of the generated decoding paths based on log-likelihood ratios for the input codeword symbols.3. The list decoding method of claim 2 , wherein the determining the reliabilities includes determining claim 2 , for each of the generated decoding paths claim 2 , the reliability of the decoding path based on a log-likelihood ratio of a symbol corresponding to each of bit values estimated for a symbol having a maximum value of transition probabilities of ...

MASK-TYPE NASAL CANNULA

A nasal cannula according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: an oxygen supplying portion which forms a space inside in which a nose and a mouth of a user can be disposed and is able to supply oxygen in a state of being put on by the user into the nose of the user; and a mask portion to which the oxygen supplying portion is attached in a detachable manner therein and is configured to be put on a face of the user. Since a space in which a nose and a mouth of a user can be disposed is provided inside the oxygen supplying portion so that a user can put on the nasal cannula in a convenient state and the oxygen supplying portion is put on in a state of being supported by the mask portion, oxygen can be supplied into the nose of the user and at the same time external air can be filtered. 1. A nasal cannula comprising:an oxygen supplying portion which forms a space inside in which a nose and a mouth of a user can be disposed and is able to supply oxygen in a state of being put on by the user into the nose of the user; anda mask portion to which the oxygen supplying portion is attached in a detachable manner therein and is configured to be put on a face of the user.2. The nasal cannula of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen supplying portion comprises:a frame portion which is formed in a dome structure so as to form the space inside, a flow passage allowing oxygen supplied from outside to flow being formed in a single structure therein; anda prong portion which is coupled to the frame portion to be disposed in the space in a state of being communicated with the flow passage and being inserted into the nose of the user in a state of being put on by the user.3. The nasal cannula of claim 2 , wherein the frame portion comprises:a plurality of horizontal supporting members which are formed in an arch structure and are disposed in a predetermined direction; anda plurality of vertical supporting members which are formed in an arch structure and are disposed along an ...

ELECTRONIC DEVICE COMPRISING ANTENNA

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a housing, a wireless communication circuit, a first antenna radiator electrically connected with a first ground, a second antenna radiator electrically connected with a second ground, a feeding unit that feeds at least one of the first antenna radiator or the second antenna radiator, and a first switch that operates at a first connection state where the feeding unit and the first antenna radiator are electrically connected to each other, at a second connection state where the feeding unit and the second antenna are electrically connected to each other, or at a third connection state where the feeding unit and the first antenna radiator are connected to each other and the feeding unit and the second antenna radiator are electrically connected to each other, based on a first control signal from the wireless communication circuit. 1. An electronic device comprising:a housing;a wireless communication circuit;an antenna radiator electrically connected with a ground;a feeding unit configured to feed at least a portion of the antenna radiator; and operate at a first connection state where the feeding unit and the antenna radiator are electrically connected to a first portion of the antenna radiator, and', 'operate at a second connection state where the feeding unit and the antenna radiator are electrically connected to a second portion of the antenna radiator,, 'a switch configured towherein the first portion and the second portion of the antenna radiator are different, andwherein a first wavelength corresponding to the first portion at the first connection state is different from a second wavelength corresponding to the second portion at the second connection state.2. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the first portion and the second portion are spaced apart from each other by a specified electrical length on the antenna radiator.3. The electronic device of claim 1 ,wherein the antenna radiator is ...

Integrated power converting apparatus for vehicle

An integrated power converting apparatus for a vehicle is provided. The apparatus includes an inverter configured to drive a motor and a converter configured to output a low voltage. The inverter and the converter are disposed on an inner bottom surface of a housing. A shield plate is mounted at a predetermined height from the inner bottom surface of the housing. In addition, an integrated control board configured to operate the inverter and the converter is disposed on a top surface of the shield plate.

METHOD OF OPERATING DECODER FOR REDUCING COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY AND METHOD OF OPERATING DATA STORAGE DEVICE INCLUDING THE DECODER

A method of operating a decoder, which has variable nodes and check nodes, includes receiving variable-to-check (V2C) messages from the variable nodes using a first check node among the check nodes. The number of messages having a specific magnitude among the V2C messages is counted. The magnitude of a check-to-variable (C2V) message to be transmitted to a first variable node, among the variable nodes, is determined based on the count value and the magnitude of a V2C message of the first variable node. 1. A method of operating a decoder which includes variable nodes and check nodes , the method comprising:receiving, at a first check node among the check nodes, variable-to-check (V2C) messages from the variable nodes, each of the V2C messages including a magnitude and a sign bit;determining, at the first check node, a number of the received V2C messages having a specific magnitude;determining, at the first check node, a magnitude of a check-to-variable (C2V) message to be transmitted from the first check node to a first variable node among the variable nodes using a magnitude of a V2C message of the first variable node and the determined number of the received V2C messages having the specific magnitude;determining, at the first check node, a sign bit of the C2V message to be transmitted from the first check node to the first variable node among the variable nodes based on sign bits of the received V2C messages,transmitting the C2V message from the first check node to the first variable node of the decoder.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining a sign bit of the C2V message comprises:performing a first exclusive OR operation on the sign bits; andperforming a second exclusive OR operation on a result of the first exclusive OR operation and a sign bit of a V2C message, among the received V2C messages, of the first variable node to determining the sign bit of the C2V message to be transmitted from the first check node to the first variable node.3. The method ...

Hybrid power control apparatus for vehicle

A hybrid power control apparatus for a vehicle includes an inverter module disposed in a housing; a low DC-DC converter (LDC) module disposed in the housing; and a component mounting part attachably/detachably assembled in the housing. In the hybrid power control apparatus, the inverter module includes a plurality of power modules; a cooler contacts both surfaces of each power module so as to carry out heat conduction, the cooler assembled to the component mounting part; and a capacitor module assembled in a form where the capacitor module is stacked on one side of the cooler so as to carry out heat conduction. As a result of this structure, cooling efficiency can be improved, and the inverter module, the converter module, and a controller are packed in one closed space, thereby reducing the size of the hybrid power control apparatus.

POWER CONVERSION MODULE FOR VEHICLE

A power conversion module for a vehicle is provided. The module includes a housing and a power conversion unit installed on an inside surface of a bottom panel of the housing. The power conversion unit includes a capacitor module, a power module of an inverter and a LDC. A water-cooling-type cooling unit is installed on an outside surface of the bottom panel of the housing and is in a corresponding position to the power module of the inverter and the LDC, with the bottom panel of the housing interposed therebetween. An air-cooling-type cooling fin is installed on the exterior surface of the bottom panel and is in a corresponding position to a capacitor module, with the bottom panel of the housing interposed therebetween. A radiator blower adjacent to a radiator of a vehicle is configured to generate cooling-air wind to cool the radiator and the air-cooling-type cooling fin. 1. A power conversion module for a vehicle , comprising:a housing;a power conversion unit installed on an inside surface of a bottom panel of the housing and including a capacitor module, a power module of an inverter and a low voltage DC-DC converter (LDC);a water-cooling-type cooling unit installed on an exterior surface of the bottom panel of the housing and disposed in a corresponding position to the power module of the inverter and the LDC, with the bottom panel of the housing interposed therebetween;an air-cooling-type cooling fin installed on the exterior surface of the bottom panel of the housing and disposed in a corresponding position to a capacitor module, with the bottom panel of the housing interposed therebetween; anda radiator blower adjacent to a radiator of a vehicle and configured to generate cooling-air wind that simultaneously cools the radiator and the air-cooling-type cooling fin.2. The power conversion module according to claim 1 , further comprising:a high voltage input connector disposed adjacent to an inside wall surface of the housing and connected to the capacitor ...

ROBOT CLEANER AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF

A robot cleaner which does not stop to change a traveling direction thereof, and a control method thereof includes setting a territory about which cleaning will be performed based on position data acquired during traveling about a cleaning area, predetermining a cleaning path to clean the territory about which cleaning will be performed, and if the cleaning path includes a zigzag traveling path, changing the traveling direction of the robot cleaner by executing curved traveling of the robot cleaner during traveling along the zigzag traveling path, thus decreasing the time required to clean an area during a change of the traveling direction of the robot cleaner. 1setting a territory about which cleaning will be performed based on position data acquired during traveling about a cleaning area;predetermining, by a processor, a cleaning path to clean the set territory; andincreasing an angular velocity of the robot cleaner while maintaining a linear velocity of the robot cleaner above zero in order to change the traveling direction of the robot cleaner along the predetermined cleaning path.. A control method of a robot cleaner comprising: This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/404,674, filed on Feb. 24, 2012, which claims the priority benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2011-0063285, filed on Jun. 28, 2011 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.1. FieldThe following description relates to a robot cleaner which effectively travels about a cleaning area and a control method thereof.2. Description of the Related ArtIn general, a robot cleaner is an apparatus which cleans a designated cleaning area, such as a house or an office, while autonomously traveling about the cleaning area. The robot cleaner includes, in addition to elements of a vacuum cleaning device to draw in dust or foreign substances, a traveling device allowing the robot cleaner to travel, an obstacle ...

METHOD OF OPERATING DECODER FOR REDUCING COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY AND METHOD OF OPERATING DATA STORAGE DEVICE INCLUDING THE DECODER

A method of operating a decoder, which has variable nodes and check nodes, includes receiving variable-to-check (V2C) messages from the variable nodes using a first check node among the check nodes. The number of messages having a specific magnitude among the V2C messages is counted. The magnitude of a check-to-variable (C2V) message to be transmitted to a first variable node, among the variable nodes, is determined based on the count value and the magnitude of a V2C message of the first variable node. 1. A method of operating a decoder which includes variable nodes and check nodes , the method comprising:receiving variable-to-check (V2C) messages from the variable nodes using a first check node among the check nodes;counting the number of messages having a specific magnitude among the V2C messages and generating a count value of the counted number of messages; anddetermining the magnitude of a check-to-variable (C2V) message to be transmitted to a first variable node among the variable nodes using the magnitude of a V2C message of the first variable node and the count value.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the V2C messages comprises a sign bit and a magnitude bit and the sign bit and the magnitude bit are stored in static random access memory (SRAM).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the count value is stored in a register.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:comparing the count value with a reference value; andstoring a first value when the count value is greater than the reference value, storing a second value when the count value is equal to the reference value, and storing a third value when the count value is less than the reference value, whereinthe first value is greater than the second value, the second value is greater than the third value, and the first through third values have the same number of bits.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising updating the count value with a new count value using the magnitude of a V2C message of ...

Cleaning robot

A cleaning robot includes a main body and a drive unit to move the main body. The drive unit includes a plurality of motors to generate driving force; a plurality of wheels connected to one of the plurality of motors and rotating by driving force received from the one of the plurality of motors; and a driving frame to support the plurality of wheels, receive driving force from another motor among the plurality of motors, and rotate for changing positions of the plurality of wheels.

Cleaning robot and controlling method thereof

One disclosed embodiment provides a cleaning robot and a control method therefor, the robot generating a three-dimensional obstacle map including height information on an obstacle in a cleaning space, and cleaning the cleaning space by using the map. In addition, one disclosed embodiment provides the cleaning robot and the control method therefor, the robot matching a feature point map of an area before moving with a feature point map of an area after moving and performing cleaning by using the matched feature point map, when the cleaning robot moves to the other area by an external force during cleaning. The cleaning robot according to one disclosed embodiment comprises: a main body; a traveling unit for moving the main body; an obstacle sensing unit for sensing the height of the obstacle; and a control unit for generating the three-dimensional obstacle map by using the height information of the obstacle. Furthermore, the cleaning robot according to one disclosed embodiment comprises: the main body; a camera provided at the upper part of the main body so as to acquire images above the cleaning robot; and the control unit for extracting feature points from the images acquired by the camera so as to generate the feature point map, wherein, when the main body moves from a first area to a second area by an external force, the control unit can match the feature point map of the first area with the feature point map of the second area.

Apparatus and method for classifying data and system for collecting data

Provided are an apparatus and method for classifying data and a system for collecting data. The method includes clustering vectors, each of which consists of at least one attribute value, for a plurality of pieces of target data including degrees of class membership and the vectors in view of the degrees of class membership, labeling the plurality of pieces of target data according to a result of the clustering, and generating a classification model using the labeled pieces of target data.

Continuously variable transmission

Disclosed is a continuously variable transmission. The continuously variable transmission includes a housing to which an input shaft is rotatably mounted to input power, an output section outputting the power transferred from the input shaft to the outside or receiving a load from outside, a torque change section provided between the input shaft and the output section to change the torque of the power transferred from the input shaft or the output section, and a link device disposed between the output section and the torque change section and eccentrically connected to the torque change section to transfer rotational power to the output section or receive a load from the output section by upward and downward reciprocal movements thereof.

Short distance user recognition system, and system and method for providing information using same

Method of operating decoder for reducing computational complexity and method of operating data storage device including the decoder

A method of operating a decoder, which has variable nodes and check nodes, includes receiving variable-to-check (V2C) messages from the variable nodes using a first check node among the check nodes. The number of messages having a specific magnitude among the V2C messages is counted. The magnitude of a check-to-variable (C2V) message to be transmitted to a first variable node, among the variable nodes, is determined based on the count value and the magnitude of a V2C message of the first variable node.

Short distance user recognition system, and system and method for providing information using same

The present invention relates to a short distance user-based recognition system, and to a system and method for providing information using same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a short distance user recognition system, wherein a client can search and recognise a user located at a short distance, visible to the naked eye, by detecting a network or short-distance communication, and wherein public information about the recognised user can be provided or a location-based advertisement can be provided to the searched user, and relates to a system and a method for providing information using same.

Crosswalk walking assistance system and method of controlling the same

A crosswalk walking assistance system to assist a pedestrian by moving a movable robot along with the pedestrian along a boundary of a crosswalk when the pedestrian crosses at the crosswalk, and a method of controlling the same. The crosswalk walking assistance system includes guide rails formed along boundary lines of a crosswalk, robots moving along the guide rails, and a controller connected to the guide rails.

Storage device that performs state shaping of data

A storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device that includes a plurality of pages, each of which includes a plurality of memory cells, and a controller that receives first write data expressed by 2m states (m being an integer greater than 1) from an external host device. The controller in a first operating mode shapes the first write data to second write data, which are expressed by “k” states (k being an integer greater than 2) smaller in number than the 2m states, performs first error correction encoding on the second write data to generate third write data expressed by the “k” states, and transmits the third write data to the nonvolatile memory device for writing at a selected page from the plurality of pages.

A method of forming a capacitor module circuit in an inverter by means of impedance matching

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Verfahren zum Bilden einer Wechselrichterschaltung zum Betreiben eines Antriebsmotors eines Elektrofahrzeugs, welche das durch ein Stellmodul während des Betriebs eines Wechselrichters erzeugte Schaltrauschen wirksamer verringern kann. The present invention relates to methods of forming an inverter circuit for operating a drive motor of an electric vehicle that can more effectively reduce the switching noise generated by an actuator during operation of an inverter.

Robot cleaner and control method thereof

A robot cleaner which does not stop to change a traveling direction thereof, and a control method thereof includes setting a territory about which cleaning will be performed based on position data acquired during traveling about a cleaning area, predetermining a cleaning path to clean the territory about which cleaning will be performed, and if the cleaning path includes a zigzag traveling path, changing the traveling direction of the robot cleaner by executing curved traveling of the robot cleaner during traveling along the zigzag traveling path, thus decreasing the time required to clean an area during a change of the traveling direction of the robot cleaner.

Driving unit and cleaning robot comprising same

Disclosed herein is a cleaning robot including an improved driving unit to escape from an undriveable state occurring under various driving conditions. The cleaning robot includes a body, and a driving unit that drives the body. The driving unit includes a first driving motor and a second driving motor that generate driving power; a driving wheel that rotates when the driving power is delivered to the driving wheel from the first driving motor; and a wheel frame that supports the driving wheel to be rotatable and rotates between a first position and a second position with respect to a motor shaft of the first driving motor. The wheel frame rotates in at least one section between the first position and the second position when the driving power is delivered to the wheel frame from the second driving motor.

System for predicting user drop-out rate based on artificial intelligence learning and method therefor

The present invention relates to a user knowledge tracking method with more improved accuracy. An operation method of a user drop-out rate prediction system including a plurality of encoder neural networks and a plurality of decoder neural networks may include the steps of: inputting question information to a kth encoder neural network and inputting response information to a kth decoder neural network; generating query data, which is information about a question of which the correct answer probability is desired to be identified by the user, by reflecting a weight to the response information, and generating attention information to be used as a weight for the query data by reflecting a weight to the question information; and learning the user drop-out rate prediction system using the attention information as a weight for the query data.

Cleaning robot and control method therefor

Driving unit and cleaning robot comprising same

Disclosed is a cleaning robot having an improved driving unit for being capable of escaping untravelable states occurring under various travel conditions. The cleaning robot comprises a main body and a driving unit for driving the main body. The driving unit comprises: a first driving motor and a second driving motor which generate driving forces; a driving wheel which rotates by receiving the driving force from the first driving motor; and a wheel frame which supports the driving wheel so that the driving wheel can rotate, and which can rotate between a first location and a second location with respect to a motor shaft in the first driving motor. The wheel frame rotates by receiving the driving force from the second driving motor in at least a partial section between the first location and the second location.

Operation method of memory controller configured to control memory device

Disclosed herein are operation methods of a memory controller which controls a memory device. The method includes storing write data in a first area of the memory device, extracting first error position information indicating a position of at least one error included in data stored in the first area, storing the first error position information in a second area of the memory device, reading read data from the first area of the memory device, reading the first error position information from the second area of the memory device, refining the read data based on the first error position information to generate refined data, performing soft decision decoding based on the refined data to generate corrected data, and outputting the corrected data.

自動車のハイブリッド電力制御装置

【課題】本発明は、自動車のハイブリッド電力制御装置に係り、特に、効率的な冷却構造を適用して、冷却効率を改善すると共に、インバータ、コンバータ及び制御部を一つの密閉空間に単純な構造でパッケージングして、サイズ縮小を図ることができる自動車のハイブリッド電力制御装置を提供する。【解決手段】本発明では、ハウジング内の上下一側に配置されるインバータモジュールと、前記ハウジング内の上下他側に配置されるＬＤＣモジュールと、前記ハウジング内に脱着可能に組み立てられる部品実装部とを含み、前記インバータモジュールは、複数のパワーモジュールと、前記各パワーモジュールの両面に熱伝達可能に接触し、前記部品実装部の上下一側に組み立てられる冷却器と、前記冷却器の一側に熱伝達可能に積層された形態で、前記部品実装部の上下一側に組み立てられるキャパシタモジュールと、を含むことを特徴とする自動車のハイブリッド電力制御装置を提供する。【選択図】図２

Hybrid-Energie-Steuervorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug

Hybrid-Energie-Steuervorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug, umfassend:ein Wechselrichtermodul (30), das entweder auf einer oberen oder einer unteren Seite in einem Gehäuse (10) angeordnet ist;ein Niederspannungs-Gleichspannungswandler (LDC)-Modul (40), das auf der anderen Seite der oberen und unteren Seite in dem Gehäuse (10) angeordnet ist; undein Bauelement-Befestigungsabschnitt, der verbindbar/lösbar in dem Gehäuse (10) montiert ist,wobei das Wechselrichtermodul (30) umfasst:eine Mehrzahl von Leistungsmodulen (31);einen Kühler (34), der beide Oberflächen jedes Leistungsmoduls (31) kontaktiert, so dass eine Wärmefortleitung ausgeführt wird, wobei der Kühler (34) entweder auf der oberen oder der unteren Seite des Bauelement-Befestigungsabschnitts (20) montiert ist; undein Kondensatormodul (32), das auf der oberen oder der unteren Seite derart montiert ist, dass das Kondensatormodul (32) auf einer Seite des Kühlers (34) gestapelt ist, so dass eine Wärmefortleitung ausgeführt werden kann,wobei das Wechselrichtermodul (30) dazu ausgelegt ist, Gate-Platten (33) zu umfassen, die jeweils an beiden, der linken und der rechten Seite des Bauelement-Befestigungsabschnitts (20) angeordnet sind,wobei ein Controller (50) unter dem LDC-Modul (40) angeordnet ist und an dem Bauelement-Befestigungsabschnitt (20) montiert ist, undwobei die Gate-Platte (33) und der Controller (50) mit plattenförmigen Leiterplatten versehen sind, die jeweils auf einer Seite einen Anschluss aufweisen, und zueinander in einem rechten Winkel angeordnet sind, um mittels der Anschlüsse verbunden zu werden.

Decoder performing iterative decoding, and storage device using the same

A decoder including a main memory, a flag memory and a decoding logic is provided. The flag memory is configured to store flag data and the decoding logic configured to perform an iteration. Further, the decoding logic is configured to: perform an i th operation using first data, wherein i is a natural number, flag-encode second data that is results obtained by performing the i th operation on the first data, store results obtained by performing the flag encoding on the second data in the flag memory as first flag data if the flag encoding succeeds, and store predetermined second flag data that is different from the first flag data of the second data in the flag memory if the flag encoding fails.

Operating method of memory controller, storage device and the operating method thereof

An operating method of a memory controller is provided. The operating method includes receiving a first read data (e.g. codeword) and a second conversion information, the second conversion information including data obtained by converting a second read data based on a linear operation (e.g. syndrome former), and the first read data and the second read data including data read from same memory cells; converting the first read data based on the linear operation to generate a first conversion information; performing a logical operation (e.g. XOR or XNOR) on the first conversion information and the second conversion information to generate an operation information; performing an inverse operation of the linear operation (e.g. Berlekamp-Massey algorithm and Chien search) on the operation information to generate a reliability information; and correcting an error of the first read data based on the first read data and the reliability information.

Method and device for personalized active safety control

Disclosed herein method and device for personalized active safety control. The method includes: generating input data including body information of a vehicle occupant and occupancy state information of the occupant; outputting initial control data of a restraint device of a vehicle based on collision data that responds to occurrence of a collision of the vehicle; producing injury risk information for each piece of adjustment restraint information by using a safety control model based on the adjustment restraint information, in which a variable adjustment parameter is applied to the initial control data, and the input data; generating, by the safety control model, optimal restraint control information among the adjustment restraint information, based on the injury risk information; and controlling the restraint device based on the optimal restraint control information.

Cleaning robot and control method therefor

Cleaning robot and control method therefor

Betriebsverfahren eines Controllers, der eine nichtflüchtige Speichervorrichtung steuert, und Mappingmuster-Auswahlverfahren zum Auswählen eines Mappingmusters, das ein polar codiertes Codewort Multibitdaten einer nichtflüchtigen Speichervorrichtung zuordnet

Betriebsverfahren eines Speichercontrollers, das derart konfiguriert ist, dass er einen nichtflüchtigen Speichervorrichtungscontroller (1100) steuert, wobei das Betriebsverfahren aufweist:Erzeugen eines Codeworts (Cn) durch Polarcodieren von Informationsbits (LI);Lesen eines Mappingmusters;Erzeugen eines wiederholten Mappingmusters durch Wiederholen des Mappingmusters; undZuordnen jedes Bits des Codeworts (Cn) zu einem spezifischen Bit von Multibitdaten der nichtflüchtigen Speichervorrichtung (1100) basierend auf dem wiederholten Mappingmuster.

Hybrid-Energie-Steuervorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug

Dispositivo de seguimiento del conocimiento del usuario basado en aprendizaje de inteligencia artificial, sistema y método de control del mismo

De acuerdo con una modalidad de la presente invención, un dispositivo de seguimiento del conocimiento del usuario para predecir una probabilidad de respuesta correcta utilizando información de tiempo relacionada con la resolución de ejercicios incluye una unidad de almacenamiento de información de ejercicio-respuesta configurada para almacenar información de ejercicio-respuesta que incluye información de ejercicios proporcionada a un usuario para el aprendizaje y la información de respuesta a un registro de resolución de un ejercicio resuelto por el usuario, una unidad de ejecución de integración configurada para recibir la información de respuesta desde la unidad de almacenamiento de información de ejercicio-respuesta y ejecutar la integración de la información de incluida en la información de respuesta, y un modelo unidad de entrenamiento configurada para ingresar la información del ejercicio integrado y la información de respuesta a un modelo de seguimiento del conocimiento y ajustar un peso que indica una relación entre la información de tiempo incluida en la información de respuesta y la probabilidad de respuesta correcta de un usuario para entrenar el modelo de seguimiento del conocimiento para predecir la probabilidad de respuesta correcta de un usuario para un ejercicio que el usuario aún no ha resuelto en función del peso.

User Knowledge Tracking Device, System, and Operation Method thereof Based on Artificial Intelligence Learning

A user knowledge tracking device is provided. The user knowledge tracking device use a transformer structure-based artificial intelligence model as a knowledge tracking model which is trained by inputting exercise information to an encoder thereof and inputting response information to a decoder thereof so as to predict a user's correct answer probability based on the trained knowledge tracking model.

Method and device for providing training content using ai tutor

The present disclosure relates to a method and device for providing training content. A method may comprise displaying a question card including a first area and a second area; determining a recommended question using an artificial intelligence (AI) model trained on the basis of training data of a user; displaying, on the first area of a screen of a learner terminal, a plurality of prediction values for information obtained by analyzing a correlation between the training ability of the user and the recommended question using the AI model, together with the recommended question; displaying summary information about the recommended question on the second area of the screen of the learner terminal; and displaying a question object of the recommended question on the screen of the learner terminal when the user decides to solve the recommended question on the basis of the plurality of prediction values and the summary information.

インバータのパワーモジュール

【課題】素子の異常や損傷時に、当該ブロックだけを交換して再生することができ、当該ブロックの仕様変更によって、パッケージング全体を共用して、同一パッケージング多仕様のパワーモジュールを実現することができる、インバータのパワーモジュールを提供する。 【解決手段】本発明によるインバータのパワーモジュールは、複数のスロットが形成されたベース、スロットに挿入される複数のビルディングブロック、及びビルディングブロックを互いに連結するパワーケーブルを含み、各々のビルディングブロックには１つの相に相当するパワー素子が備えられ、ビルディングブロックにはベースと結合されるように結合ホールが形成される。 【選択図】 図１

Antimicrobial peptoid having improved selectivity and antimicrobial composition comprising same

The present invention relates to an antimicrobial peptoid having improved selectivity and an antimicrobial composition comprising same. The antimicrobial peptoid according to the present invention exhibits excellent antimicrobial activity against bacteria and low cytotoxicity to animal cells by comprising an indole ring, introducing a cationic monomer thereinto, or comprising N His as a submonomer containing imidazole on a side branch. Therefore, the antimicrobial peptoid of the present invention has improved selectivity to bacteria and thus can be advantageously used for an antimicrobial composition.

Operating method of a memory controller

Integrated power converting apparatus for vehicle

método de análise de um usuário em um servidor de serviço

A presente invenção diz respeito a um método pelo qual um servidor de serviço fornece conteúdo de aprendizagem personalizado para o usuário, o método compreendendo: uma etapa (a) de construção de um banco de dados de questões incluindo uma ou mais questões de múltipla escolha contendo um ou mais exemplos sobre um assunto específico, fornecendo as questões a dispositivos de usuário e coletando, a partir dos dispositivos de usuários, dados de seleção de exemplos de usuário sobre as questões; uma etapa (b) de estimativa de probabilidades de respostas certas para as questões para cada um dos usuários usando dados de seleção de exemplos de cada um dos usuários; e uma etapa de cálculo, para cada questão, de taxas de alteração de probabilidade de respostas certas para todas as questões, incluídas no banco de dados de questões, dos usuários, supondo que certos usuários tenham selecionado exemplos respectivos para certas questões e dispondo as questões incluídas no banco de dados de questões em ordem descendente das taxas de alteração de modo a recomendar o mesmo aos usuários.

Error correction circuit and method for operating the same

An error correction circuit includes a memory that stores at least one decoding parameter, a low density parity check (LDPC) decoder that includes a first variable node storing one bit of the data, receives the at least one decoding parameter from the memory, decides a degree of the first variable node based on the at least one decoding parameter, and decides a decoding rule necessary for decoding of the one bit based on the degree of the first variable node, and an adaptive decoding controller that outputs corrected data based on a decoding result of the LDPC decoder.

Memory controller, storage device and operating method of memory controller

Provided is an operating method of a memory controller which comprises receiving first decision data of M bits from a memory device, where M is a natural number; converting the M-bit first decision data into second decision data of N bits, where N is a natural number less than M; and attempting a first decoding using the second decision data.

System for Predicting User Drop-Out Rate and Tracking User Knowledge Based on Artificial Intelligence Learning and Method Therefor

The present disclosure relates to a system capable of increasing the accuracy of a prediction result when predicting a user drop-out rate or predicting a correct answer probability of a user in an online learning environment, and further relates to an operation method of the system. A system according to the present disclosure may include a plurality of encoder neural networks and a plurality of decoders, and may input question information to a kth encoder neural network and input response information to kth decoder neural network to learn the system, thereby predicting the user drop-out rate information and the users correct answer probability information with higher accuracy on the basis of the learned system.

インバーターコンデンサモジュールの回路構成方法

【課題】インバーター動作時にパワーモジュールで発生するスイッチングノイズを効果的に低コストで低減することができるコンデンサモジュールの回路構成方法を提供する。 【解決手段】インバーターでスイッチングノイズを抑制するためのＹコンデンサを含むコンデンサモジュールの回路構成方法において、ａ）Ｙコンデンサで実際の電圧または電流波形を測定する段階と、ｂ）前記電圧波形または電流波形を周波数帯域によってフィルタリングして独立した細部周波数成分を抽出及び分離した後、分離された各周波数成分別に並列の等価回路を構成する段階と、ｃ）前記並列の等価回路で各素子の値を段階的に変更しながら、各変更過程で得られるシミュレーション波形を実際に測定された前記電圧波形または電流波形と比較して各素子の値を最終選定する段階と、ｄ）選定された容量のＹコンデンサを使用して実際のコンデンサモジュールを構成する段階と、を含む。 【選択図】図４

Apparatus and method for detecting signals in a communication system using multiple antennas

An apparatus and method for detecting a signal in a communication system using multiple antennas are provided. The apparatus includes an optimal orderer for determining an order of signals that are subject to detection, a controller for controlling a parallel successive interference canceller so as to successively detect the signals according to the determined signal detection order, cancel the successively detected signals from a received signal, detect the signals in reverse order of the signal detection order, and cancel the successively detected signals from the received signal, and outputting a last detected signal and the parallel successive interference canceller for successively canceling the detected signals from the received signal according to a control of the controller. Accordingly, the invention provides a signal detection apparatus and method that improve the reliability while reducing the complexity of a communication system using multiple antennas.

Machine learning method, apparatus, and computer program for providing personalized educational content based on learning efficiency

Disclosed herein is a method of providing user-customized learning content in a service server, which includes a) for a specific subject, configuring a problem database including at least one of multiple-choice problems each including at least one example, providing the problem to user devices, and collecting example selection data of users for the problem from the user devices, b) estimating a probability of right answer to the problem for each of the users using the example selection data of each of the users, and assuming that any user selects an example of any problem, calculating, for each problem, a change rate of probabilities of right answer to all problems contained in the problem database for the user, and sorting the problems contained in the problem database in the order of the high change rate to recommend them to the user.