THERMAL INTERFACE MATERIALS USING METAL NANOWIRE ARRAYS AND SACRIFICIAL TEMPLATES

A method for making a thermal interface material (TIM) comprises the steps of: depositing a seed layer onto a substrate; attaching a template membrane to the substrate; depositing metal into one or more of the pores of the template membrane, substantially filling the template membrane to create a vertically-aligned metal nanowire (MNW) array comprising a plurality of nanowires that grow upward from the seed layer; and after the template membrane is substantially filled with the deposited metal, removing the template membrane, leaving the plurality of nanowires attached to the seed layer. A TIM comprises: a vertically-aligned MNW array comprising a plurality of nanowires that grow upward from a seed layer deposited on the surface of a template membrane, and the template membrane being removed after MNW growth. 1. A method for making a thermal interface material (TIM) , comprising the steps of:depositing a seed layer onto a substrate;attaching a sacrificial porous template membrane to the substrate;depositing metal into one or more of the pores of the template membrane, substantially filling the template membrane to create a vertically-aligned metal nanowire (MNW) array comprising a plurality of nanowires that grow upward from the seed layer; andafter the template membrane is substantially filled with the deposited metal, removing the template membrane, leaving the plurality of nanowires attached to the seed layer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the template membrane is subfilled claim 1 , generating a one-sided array.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the template membrane is superfilled claim 1 , generating a two-sided array.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising an additional step claim 3 , performed after the metal depositing step and prior to the removing step claim 3 , of:mechanically peeling off a substantially continuous overplated film deposited above the pores in the depositing step, thereby converting the superfilled, two-sided MNW array to a one- ...

HIGH-CONDUCTIVITY BONDING OF METAL NANOWIRE ARRAYS

A thermally-conductive and mechanically-robust bonding method for attaching a metal nanowire (MNW) array to an adjacent surface includes the steps of: removing a template membrane from the MNW; infiltrating the MNW with a bonding material; placing the bonding material on the adjacent surface; bringing an adjacent surface into contact with a top surface of the MNW while the bonding material is bondable; and allowing the bonding material to cool and form a solid bond between the MNW and the adjacent surface. A thermally-conductive and mechanically-robust bonding method for attaching a metal nanowire (MNW) array to an adjacent surface includes the steps of: choosing a bonding material based on a desired bonding process; and without removing the MNW from a template membrane that fills an interstitial volume of the MNW, depositing the bonding material onto a tip of the MNW. 1. A thermally-conductive and mechanically-robust bonding method for attaching a metal nanowire (MNW) array to an adjacent surface , comprising the steps of:removing a template membrane from the MNW;infiltrating the MNW with a bonding material;placing the bonding material on the adjacent surface;bringing an adjacent surface into contact with a top surface of the MNW while the bonding material is bondable; andallowing the bonding material to form a solid bond between the MNW and the adjacent surface.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising an additional step claim 1 , performed after the placing step and before the bringing step claim 1 , of:wetting the bonding material to the adjacent surface.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of infiltrating comprises heating the bonding material so that it becomes one or more of softened and molten.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of infiltrating comprises chemically treating a composite material so as to create a bonding material.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of bringing comprises bringing the adjacent surface into contact ...

Nano-thermal agents for enhanced interfacial thermal conductance

A thermal interface material (TIM) using high thermal conductivity nano-particles, particularly ones with large aspect ratios, for enhancing thermal transport across boundary or interfacial layers that exist at bulk material interfaces is disclosed. The nanoparticles do not need to be used in a fluid carrier or as filler material within a bonding adhesive to enhance thermal transport, but simply in a dry solid state. The nanoparticles may be equiaxed or acicular in shape with large aspect ratios like nanorods and nanowires.

Nano-thermal agents for enhanced interfacial thermal conductance

A thermal interface material (TIM) using high thermal conductivity nano-particles, particularly ones with large aspect ratios, for enhancing thermal transport across boundary or interfacial layers that exist at bulk material interfaces is disclosed. The nanoparticles do not need to be used in a fluid carrier or as filler material within a bonding adhesive to enhance thermal transport, but simply in a dry solid state. The nanoparticles may be equiaxed or acicular in shape with large aspect ratios like nanorods and nanowires.

HIGH-CONDUCTIVITY BONDING OF METAL NANOWIRE ARRAYS

A thermally-conductive and mechanically-robust bonding method for attaching a metal nanowire (MNW) array to an adjacent surface includes the steps of: removing a template membrane from the MNW; infiltrating the MNW with a bonding material; placing the bonding material on the adjacent surface; bringing an adjacent surface into contact with a top surface of the MNW while the bonding material is bondable; and allowing the bonding material to cool and form a solid bond between the MNW and the adjacent surface. A thermally-conductive and mechanically-robust bonding method for attaching a metal nanowire (MNW) array to an adjacent surface includes the steps of: choosing a bonding material based on a desired bonding process; and without removing the MNW from a template membrane that fills an interstitial volume of the MNW, depositing the bonding material onto a tip of the MNW.

Method for preparing high quality tendrillar carbon non-woven pre-impregnated and composite materials

A method for infusing a nanoporous tendrillar mat with resin includes: performing a short duration, elevated temperature, pre-cure contacting treatment of the tendrillar mat using resin, thereby substantially uniformly infusing the tendrillar mat with resin; and curing the resin-infused tendrillar mat.

Optical and microwave reflectors comprising tendrillar mat structure

A method for manufacturing optical and microwave reflectors includes: placing an assembly comprising a resin-infiltrated tendrillar mat structure on a mandrel; placing a pre-impregnated carbon fiber (CF) lamina on top of the tendrillar mat structure; placing the assembly in a vacuum device so as to squeeze out excess resin; and placing the assembly in a heating device so as to cure the tendrillar mat structure together with the CF lamina, forming the CF laminae into a laminate that combines with the tendrillar mat structure to create a cured assembly. A reflector suitable for one or more of optical and microwave applications includes: a mandrel; a resin-infiltrated tendrillar mat structure placed on the mandrel; and a pre-impregnated carbon fiber (CF) lamina placed on top of the tendrillar mat structure.

High-conductivity bonding of metal nanowire arrays

A thermally-conductive and mechanically-robust bonding method for attaching a metal nanowire (MNW) array to an adjacent surface includes the steps of: removing a template membrane from the MNW; infiltrating the MNW with a bonding material; placing the bonding material on the adjacent surface; bringing an adjacent surface into contact with a top surface of the MNW while the bonding material is bondable; and allowing the bonding material to cool and form a solid bond between the MNW and the adjacent surface. A thermally-conductive and mechanically-robust bonding method for attaching a metal nanowire (MNW) array to an adjacent surface includes the steps of: choosing a bonding material based on a desired bonding process; and without removing the MNW from a template membrane that fills an interstitial volume of the MNW, depositing the bonding material onto a tip of the MNW.

COMPRESSIBLE, THERMALLY-CONDUCTIVE, REMOVABLE NANOCOMPOSITE GASKET

A compressible, thermally-conductive, removable nanocomposite gasket includes: a nanocomposite foam; and a nanoparticle filler, wherein the nanocomposite foam has a filler loading of less than approximately 20%. A compressible, thermally-conductive, removable nanocomposite gasket includes: a nanocomposite foam; a nanoparticle filler; and a metallic mesh embedded in the foam wherein the nanocomposite foam has a filler loading of less than approximately 20%.

Nanoparticle thermal interface agents for reducing thermal conductance resistance

A thermal interface material (TIM) using high thermal conductivity nano-particles, particularly ones with large aspect ratios, for enhancing thermal transport across boundary or interfacial layers that exist at bulk material interfaces is disclosed. At least one of the interfacial layers is a vertically aligned metal nanowire array. The nanoparticles do not need to be used in a fluid carrier or as filler material within a bonding adhesive to enhance thermal transport, but simply in a dry solid state. The nanoparticles may be equiaxed or acicular in shape with large aspect ratios like nanorods and nanowires.

NANOPARTICLE THERMAL INTERFACE AGENTS FOR REDUCING THERMAL CONDUCTANCE RESISTANCE

A thermal interface material (TIM) using high thermal conductivity nano-particles, particularly ones with large aspect ratios, for enhancing thermal transport across boundary or interfacial layers that exist at bulk material interfaces is disclosed. At least one of the interfacial layers is a vertically aligned metal nanowire array. The nanoparticles do not need to be used in a fluid carrier or as filler material within a bonding adhesive to enhance thermal transport, but simply in a dry solid state. The nanoparticles may be equiaxed or acicular in shape with large aspect ratios like nanorods and nanowires. 1. A thermal interface material (TIM) comprising:a vertically aligned metal nanowire array (VAMNW) for providing heat transfer between two surfaces in an electronic device; anda plurality of high thermal conductivity nanoparticles distributed on the surface of the VAMNW such that they are co-planar and lie flat in an interface region between the VACNT and one of the surfaces in the electronic device.2. The TIM of wherein the nanoparticles comprise nanorods or nanowires.3. The TIM of wherein the nanoparticles comprise nanorods or nanowires with aspect ratios between approximately 5 and over 1 claim 1 ,000.4. The TIM of wherein the nanoparticles further comprise silver nanowires having an aspect ratio of approximately 1000.5. The TIM of wherein the nanoparticles further comprise copper nanowires or nanorods.6. The TIM of wherein the nanoparticles further comprise gold nanowires or nanorods.7. The TIM of wherein the nanoparticles further comprise nanodiamonds.8. The TIM of wherein the nanoparticles further comprise nanotubes made of boron nitride.9. The TIM of wherein the nanoparticles further comprise acicular nanorods or nanowires.10. A thermal interface material (TIM) for use in an integrated circuit (IC) electronic device claim 1 , comprising:a vertically aligned metal nanowire array (VANMW) for providing heat transfer between two surfaces in the electronic ...

Compressible, thermally-conductive, removable nanocomposite gasket

A compressible, thermally-conductive, removable nanocomposite gasket includes: a nanocomposite foam; and a nanoparticle filler, wherein the nanocomposite foam has a filler loading of less than approximately 20%. A compressible, thermally-conductive, removable nanocomposite gasket includes: a nanocomposite foam; a nanoparticle filler; and a metallic mesh embedded in the foam wherein the nanocomposite foam has a filler loading of less than approximately 20%.

Alloy bonded graphene sheets for enhanced thermal spreaders

A heat spreader for printed wiring boards and a method of manufacture are disclosed. The heat spreader is made from a plurality of graphene sheets that are thermo-mechanically bonded using an alloy bonding process that forms a metal alloy layer using a low temperature and pressure that does not damage the graphene sheets. The resulting heat spreader has a higher thermal conductivity than graphene sheets alone.

HIGH-CONDUCTIVITY BONDING OF METAL NANOWIRE ARRAYS

A thermally-conductive and mechanically-robust bonding method for attaching a metal nanowire (MNW) array to an adjacent surface includes the steps of: removing a template membrane from the MNW; infiltrating the MNW with a bonding material: placing the bonding material on the adjacent surface; bringing an adjacent surface into contact with a top surface of the MNW while the bonding material is bondable; and allowing the bonding material to cool and form a solid bond between the MNW and the adjacent surface. A thermally-conductive and mechanically-robust bonding method for attaching a metal nanowire (MNW) array to an adjacent surface includes the steps of: choosing a bonding material based on a desired bonding process; and without removing the MNW from a template membrane that fills an interstitial volume of the MNW, depositing the bonding material onto a tip of the MNW.

High-conductivity bonding of metal nanowire arrays

A thermally-conductive and mechanically-robust bonding method for attaching a metal nanowire (MNW) array to an adjacent surface includes the steps of: removing a template membrane from the MNW; infiltrating the MNW with a bonding material; placing the bonding material on the adjacent surface; bringing an adjacent surface into contact with a top surface of the MNW while the bonding material is bondable; and allowing the bonding material to cool and form a solid bond between the MNW and the adjacent surface. A thermally-conductive and mechanically-robust bonding method for attaching a metal nanowire (MNW) array to an adjacent surface includes the steps of: choosing a bonding material based on a desired bonding process; and without removing the MNW from a template membrane that fills an interstitial volume of the MNW, depositing the bonding material onto a tip of the MNW.

CARBON NANOTUBE CONDUCTOR WITH ENHANCED ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY

A method includes the steps of receiving a conductor element formed from a plurality of carbon nanotubes; and exposing the conductor element to a controlled amount of a dopant so as to increase the conductance of the conductor element to a desired value, wherein the dopant is one of bromine, iodine, chloroauric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydroiodic acid, nitric acid, and potassium tetrabromoaurate. A method includes the steps of receiving a conductor element formed from a plurality of carbon nanotubes; and exposing the conductor element to a controlled amount of a dopant solution comprising one of chloroauric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and potassium tetrabromoaurate, so as to increase the conductance of the conductor element to a desired value. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dopant comprises chloroauric acid.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dopant comprises bromine.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the conductivity is enhanced by a factor that is linearly related to the amount of bromine absorbed by the yarn.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dopant comprises chloroauric acid claim 1 , wherein the dopant further comprises bromine claim 1 , and wherein the two dopants are applied sequentially.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the conductivity is enhanced by a factor greater than the enhancement produced by a dopant comprising chloroauric acid.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the conductivity is enhanced by a factor greater than the enhancement produced by a dopant comprising bromine.9. The method of claim 6 , wherein an approximately linear relationship exists between the conductivity enhancement (C/C) and the percentage of bromine dopant according to the equation: (C/C)=1+0.93*% Br claim 6 , where % Br is the atomic percentage of bromine dopant.10. The method of claim 6 , wherein an approximate power-law relationship exists between the conductivity enhancement (C/C) and the time for which the conductor is exposed to the dopant ...

NANO-THERMAL AGENTS FOR ENHANCED INTERFACIAL THERMAL CONDUCTANCE

A thermal interface material (TIM) using high thermal conductivity nano-particles, particularly ones with large aspect ratios, for enhancing thermal transport across boundary or interfacial layers that exist at bulk material interfaces is disclosed. The nanoparticles do not need to be used in a fluid carrier or as filler material within a bonding adhesive to enhance thermal transport, but simply in a dry solid state. The nanoparticles may be equiaxed or acicular in shape with large aspect ratios like nanorods and nanowires. 1. A thermal interface material (TIM) comprising:a base material for providing heat transfer between two surfaces in an electronic device; anda plurality of high thermal conductivity nanoparticles distributed on the surface of the base material.2. The TIM of wherein the base material comprises a vertically aligned carbon nanotube array.3. The TIM of wherein the nanoparticles comprise nanorods or nanowires.4. The TIM of wherein the nanoparticles comprise nanorods or nanowires with aspect ratios between approximately 5 and over 1 claim 1 ,000.5. The TIM of wherein the nanoparticles further comprise silver nanowires having an aspect ratio of approximately 1000.6. The TIM of wherein the nanoparticles further comprise copper nanowires or nanorods.7. The TIM of wherein the nanoparticles further comprise gold nanowires or nanorods.8. The TIM of wherein the nanoparticles further comprise nanodiamonds.9. The TIM of wherein the nanoparticles further comprise nanotubes made of boron nitride.10. The TIM of wherein the nanoparticles further comprise acicular nanorods or nanowires.11. A thermal interface material (TIM) for use in an integrated circuit (IC) electronic device claim 1 , comprising:a vertically aligned carbon nanotube array (VACNT) for providing heat transfer between two surfaces in the electronic device; anda plurality of high thermal conductivity nanoparticles distributed on the surface of the VACNT, said nanoparticles having aspect ratios ...

VISIBLE/INFRARED ABSORBER VERTICALLY ALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBE NANOCOMPOSITE APPLIQUE

A method for making a vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) nanocomposite applique includes: growing a VACNT array on a substrate; treating the VACNT array with a polymer solution; performing one or more of curing and drying the polymer; and etching a surface of the polymer-VACNT nanocomposite to remove some of the polymer and to expose a portion of the VACNT. A vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) nanocomposite applique includes: a VACNT array; and a polymer solution with which the VACNT array is treated, wherein a surface of the polymer-VACNT nanocomposite is etched so as to do one or more of removing some of the polymer and exposing a portion of the VACNT. 1. A method for making a vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) nanocomposite applique , comprising:growing a VACNT array on a substrate that comprises an insulator;treating the VACNT array with a polymer solution;performing one or more of curing and drying the polymer;and etching a surface of the polymer-VACNT nanocomposite to remove some of the polymer and to expose a portion of the VACNT.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of growing comprises growing the VACNT array to a height of at least approximately 50 microns.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of growing comprises growing the VACNT array to a height less than or equal to approximately 200 microns.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of growing comprises growing the VACNT array to a height between approximately 50 microns and approximately 200 microns.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of growing comprises growing the VACNT array with a density between approximately 3% and approximately 20%.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of etching is performed using plasma.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of etching is performed using one or more solvents.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the step of etching is performed using one or more solvents that dissolves polyurethane.9. The method of claim ...

LIGHTWEIGHT CARBON NANOTUBE CABLE COMPRISING A PAIR OF PLATED TWISTED WIRES

A carbon nanotube (CNT) cable includes: a pair of plated twisted wires, each wire comprising one or more sub-cores, at least one sub-core comprising CNT yarn; a dielectric surrounding the plated twisted wires; and an electrical layer surrounding the dielectric, the electrical layer configured to shield the CNT cable. A method for making a CNT cable includes: controlling a deposition rate, depositing plating so as to surround a pair of wires, each wire comprising one or more sub-cores, at least one sub-core comprising CNT yarn; twisting the plated wires together; and surrounding the plated twisted wires with an electrical layer configured to shield the plated twisted wires, thereby creating the CNT cable. 117-. (canceled)18. A method for making a carbon nanotube (CNT) cable , comprising:controlling a deposition rate, depositing plating so as to surround each of a pair of wires, each wire comprising one or more sub-cores, at least one sub-core comprising CNT yarn;twisting the plated wires together; andsurrounding the plated twisted wires with an electrical layer configured to shield the plated twisted wires, thereby creating the CNT cable.19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising a step claim 18 , performed after the depositing step and prior to the surrounding step claim 18 , of placing a dielectric around the plated twisted wires.20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the twisting step comprises twisting together a plurality of sub-cores claim 18 , thereby creating the pair of twisted wires claim 18 , each comprising the plurality of sub-cores.21. The method of claim 18 , wherein the twisting step comprises controlling a number of sub-cores.22. The method of claim 18 , wherein the twisting step comprises controlling an approximate diameter of at least one of the plurality of sub-cores.23. The method of claim 18 , including an additional step claim 18 , performed before the creating step claim 18 , of chemically pretreating the CNT yarn cable.24. The method of ...

Alloy bonded graphene sheets for enhanced thermal spreaders

A heat spreader for printed wiring boards and a method of manufacture are disclosed. The heat spreader is made from a plurality of graphene sheets that are thermo-mechanically bonded using an alloy bonding process that forms a metal alloy layer using a low temperature and pressure that does not damage the graphene sheets. The resulting heat spreader has a higher thermal conductivity than graphene sheets alone.

CARBON NANOTUBE CONDUCTOR WITH ENHANCED ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY

A method includes the steps of receiving a conductor element formed from a plurality of carbon nanotubes; and exposing the conductor element to a controlled amount of a dopant so as to increase the conductance of the conductor element to a desired value, wherein the dopant is one of bromine, iodine, chloroauric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydroiodic acid, nitric acid, and potassium tetrabromoaurate. A method includes the steps of receiving a conductor element formed from a plurality of carbon nanotubes; and exposing the conductor element to a controlled amount of a dopant solution comprising one of chloroauric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and potassium tetrabromoaurate, so as to increase the conductance of the conductor element to a desired value. 1. A method , comprising the steps of:receiving a conductor element formed from a plurality of multi-wall carbon nanotubes; andexposing the conductor element exohedrally to a controlled amount of a dopant so as to increase the conductance of the conductor element to a desired value,wherein the dopant is one of bromine, iodine, chloroauric acid, hydroiodic acid, nitric acid, and potassium tetrabromoaurate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dopant comprises chloroauric acid.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dopant comprises bromine.45-. (canceled)6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dopant comprises chloroauric acid claim 1 , wherein the dopant further comprises bromine claim 1 , and wherein the two dopants are applied sequentially.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the conductivity is enhanced by a factor greater than the enhancement produced by a dopant comprising chloroauric acid.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the conductivity is enhanced by a factor greater than the enhancement produced by a dopant comprising bromine.910-. (canceled)11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conductor element comprises CNT cable.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the CNT cable comprises one or more twisted stranded ...

Thermal gasket with high transverse thermal conductivity

An exemplary passive heat transfer apparatus is suited for transferring heat away from an electronic heat generating device to another environment. A gasket has many spaced-apart holes that are transverse to two major opposing surfaces of the gasket. A thermally conductive material is disposed within and fills the holes for conducting heat from one of the two major surfaces to the other major surface. The thermally conductive material is a nanocomposite material having nano-particles aligned substantially perpendicular to the two major opposing surfaces. The thermally conductive material as disposed in the holes has no interfacial boundaries that could adversely affect the transfer of heat.

Functionalized graphene and cnt sheet optical absorbers and method of manufacture

An optical absorber and method of manufacture is disclosed. A non-woven sheet of randomly-organized horizontally-oriented carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is subjected to a laser rasterizing treatment at ambient temperature and pressure. The upper surface of the sheet is functionalized by oxygen and hydrogen atoms resulting in improved absorbance properties as compared to untreated CNT sheets as well as to commercial state-of-art black paints. Laser treatment conditions may also be altered or modulated to provide surface texturing in addition to functionalization to enhance light trapping and optical absorbance properties.

Vertical nanoribbon array (verna) thermal interface materials with enhanced thermal transport properties

A thermal interface material (TIM) and method for manufacture is disclosed. A vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) array is formed on a substrate, then individual CNTs are cleaved to form a vertical nanoribbon array (VERNA). An array of aligned, upright, flat, highly-compliant ribbon elements permit a higher packing density, better ribbon-to-ribbon engagement factor, better contact with adjoining surfaces and potentially achievement of theoretical thermal conductance limit (˜1 GW/m2K) for such nanostructured polycyclic carbon materials. Methods for forming the VERNA include either or both of electrochemical and gas phase processing steps.

Hydrogen production by catalytic coal gasification

Coal is catalytically reacted with steam to produce hydrogen. Various Group I metal salts such as K 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 and borax are used as catalysts. These catalysts are stabilized with fluoride containing salts such as CaF 2 to thereby extend their life. Alternatively, NaF was found to be a thermally stable catalyst for the reaction.

Aqueous oxidative scrubber systems for removal of mercury

A scrubber system for removal and recovery of mercury from plated solid substrates comprising a solution of an alkali metal and ammonium dichromate or chromate salts and nitric acid, said salts and acid being in a weight ratio of about 0.2 to 200. A process for removing mercury from cartridge casings and live ammunition utilizing the oxidative scrubber system is also disclosed.

Lightweight carbon nanotube cable comprising a pair of plated twisted wires

A carbon nanotube (CNT) cable includes a pair of plated twisted wires, wherein each wire includes one or more sub-cores, wherein at least one sub-core includes CNT yarn; a dielectric surrounding the plated twisted wires; and an electrical layer surrounding the dielectric, wherein the electrical layer is configured to shield the CNT cable. A method for making a CNT cable includes the steps of controlling a deposition rate, depositing plating so as to surround a pair of wires, wherein each wire includes one or more sub-cores, wherein at least one sub-core includes CNT yarn, twisting the plated wires together, and surrounding the plated twisted wires with an electrical layer configured to shield the plated twisted wires, thereby creating the CNT cable.

Leak detector for gas air bag inflator.

Carbon nanotube sheet optical bellows with enhanced stray light suppression and method of manufacture

A polygonally shaped carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet optical bellows providing enhanced stray light suppression, the polygonally shaped CNT sheet optical bellows includes: a free-standing non-woven CNT sheet; a polymer bonded to the non-woven CNT sheet; and an elastomer film bonded to the polymer film, creating a laminate film, the laminate film being rolled to form a cylinder by applying an adhesive along a bonding edge of the laminate film to adhere the bonding edge to an opposite edge of the laminate film, an outer side of the laminate film comprising diamond-shaped elements, the diamond-shaped elements being pinched, pressed, folded and collapsed in a rotating manner around a circumference of the cylinder, creating the polygonally shaped CNT sheet optical bellows.

High-performance optical absorber comprising functionalized, non-woven, cnt sheet and texturized polymer film or texturized polymer coating and manufacturing method thereof

A high-performance optical absorber (100), having a texturized base layer (110), the base layer comprising one or more of a polymer film and a polymer coating; and a surface layer (120) located above and immediately adjacent to the base layer. The surface layer is joined to the base layer and the surface layer has a plasma-functionalized, non-woven carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet, wherein the base layer texturization comprises one or more of substantially rectangular ridges (130A-130D), substantially triangular ridges (350A-350D), substantially pyramidal ridges (360A-360Z), and truncated, substantially pyramidal ridges (380A-380O).

Nano-thermal agents for enhanced interfacial thermal conductance

A thermal interface material (TIM) using high thermal conductivity nano-particles, particularly ones with large aspect ratios, for enhancing thermal transport across boundary or interfacial layers that exist at bulk material interfaces is disclosed. The nanoparticles do not need to be used in a fluid carrier or as filler material within a bonding adhesive to enhance thermal transport, but simply in a dry solid state. The nanoparticles may be equiaxed or acicular in shape with large aspect ratios like nanorods and nanowires.

Lightweight carbon nanotube cable comprising a pair of plated twisted wires

A carbon nanotube (CNT) cable includes: a pair of plated twisted wires, each wire comprising one or more sub-cores, at least one sub-core comprising CNT yarn; a dielectric surrounding the plated twisted wires; and an electrical layer surrounding the dielectric, the electrical layer configured to shield the CNT cable. A method for making a CNT cable includes: controlling a deposition rate, depositing plating so as to surround a pair of wires, each wire comprising one or more sub-cores, at least one sub-core comprising CNT yarn; twisting the plated wires together; and surrounding the plated twisted wires with an electrical layer configured to shield the plated twisted wires, thereby creating the CNT cable.

Leak detector for gas air bag inflator

The present invention relates to a detector for detecting leaks of a gas. The present invention is particularly applicable to a vehicle occupant restraint apparatus (10) which has a container (14) for an exothermically reactable gas mixture (18). An exothermic reaction of the gas mixture (18) released from container (14) deploys an occupant restraint (12). The detector has an electrically conductive sensor element (44). The sensor element (44) is positioned within an envelope (40) surrounding a portion of container (14) so as to be exposed to the gas mixture (18) if leaked from container (14). The sensor element (44) is part of an electric circuit (46). The electrical resistance of the sensor element (44) varies when the sensor element is exposed to the leaked gas mixture. The electric circuit (46) also has a power source (64) including a timing circuit (52) for providing an intermittent electric current through the sensor element (44). The timing circuit (52) has an off-period of relatively long duration. This allows the gas if leaked into the envelope (40) to accumulate in the area of the sensor element (44).

Leak Detector for Gas Air Bag Inflator

The present invention relates to a detector for detecting leaks of a gas. The present invention is particularly applicable to a vehicle occupant restraint apparatus (10) which has a container (14) for an exothermically reactable gas mixture (18). An exothermic reaction of the gas mixture (18) released from container (14) deploys an occupant restraint (12). The detector has an electrically conductive sensor element (44). The sensor element (44) is positioned within an envelope (40) surrounding a portion of container (14) so as to be exposed to the gas mixture (18) if leaked from container (14). The sensor element (44) is part of an electric circuit (46). The electrical resistance of the sensor element (44) varies when the sensor element is exposed to the leaked gas mixture. The electric circuit (46) also has a power source (64) including a timing circuit (52) for providing an intermittent electric current through the sensor element (44). The timing circuit (52) has an off-period of relatively long duration. This allows the gas if leaked into the envelope (40) to accumulate in the area of the sensor element (44).

Alloy bonded graphene sheets for enhanced thermal spreaders

A heat spreader for printed wiring boards and a method of manufacture are disclosed. The heat spreader is made from a plurality of graphene sheets that are thermo-mechanically bonded using an alloy bonding process that forms a metal alloy layer using a low temperature and pressure that does not damage the graphene sheets. The resulting heat spreader has a higher thermal conductivity than graphene sheets alone.

Lightweight carbon nanotube cable comprising a pair of plated twisted wires

A carbon nanotube (CNT) cable includes: a pair of plated twisted wires, each wire comprising one or more sub-cores, at least one sub-core comprising CNT yarn; a dielectric surrounding the plated twisted wires; and an electrical layer surrounding the dielectric, the electrical layer configured to shield the CNT cable. A method for making a CNT cable includes: controlling a deposition rate, depositing plating so as to surround a pair of wires, each wire comprising one or more sub-cores, at least one sub-core comprising CNT yarn; twisting the plated wires together; and surrounding the plated twisted wires with an electrical layer configured to shield the plated twisted wires, thereby creating the CNT cable.

Semiconductor device passive thermal management

A semiconductor device is provided with a first layer having a first layer conductive contact and being doped at a first concentration of a first dopant type. The first dopant type being a P type dopant. A second layer is on top the first layer and being doped at a second concentration of the first dopant type. The second concentration being less than the first concentration. A third layer is on top of the second layer and having a third layer conductive contact and being doped with a second dopant type, the second dopant type being an N type dopant. A fourth layer is on top of the third layer and having a fourth layer conductive contact and being doped with the first dopant type, wherein at least one of the first and second layers is a boron arsenide (BAs) layer.

High-performance optical absorber comprising functionalized, non-woven, cnt sheet and texturized polymer film or texturized polymer coating and manufacturing method thereof

A high-performance optical absorber (100), having a texturized base layer (110), the base layer comprising one or more of a polymer film and a polymer coating; and a surface layer (120) located above and immediately adjacent to the base layer. The surface layer is joined to the base layer and the surface layer has a plasma-functionalized, non-woven carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet, wherein the base layer texturization comprises one or more of substantially rectangular ridges (130A-130D), substantially triangular ridges (350A-350D), substantially pyramidal ridges (360A-360Z), and truncated, substantially pyramidal ridges (380A-380O).

High-performance optical absorber comprising functionalized, non-woven, CNT sheet and texturized polymer film or texturized polymer coating and manufacturing method thereof

A high-performance optical absorber, having a texturized base layer, the base layer comprising one or more of a polymer film and a polymer coating; and a surface layer located above and immediately adjacent to the base layer. The surface layer is joined to the base layer and the surface layer has a plasma-functionalized, non-woven carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet, wherein the base layer texturization comprises one or more of substantially rectangular ridges, substantially triangular ridges, substantially pyramidal ridges, and truncated, substantially pyramidal ridges.

High-performance optical absorber comprising functionalized, non-woven, cnt sheet and texturized polymer film or texturized polymer coating and manufacturing method thereof

A method using capillary force lamination (CFL) for manufacturing a high-performance optical absorber, includes: texturizing a base layer of the high-performance optical absorber, the base layer comprising one or more of a polymer film and a polymer coating; joining a surface layer of the high-performance optical absorber to the base layer, the surface layer comprising a non-woven carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet; wetting the joined surface layer and base layer with a solvent; allowing surface tension forces of the solvent to draw the non-woven CNT sheet into the base layer, thereby texturizing the surface layer; drying the joined surface layer and base layer; and treating the resulting base layer with plasma, creating the high-performance optical absorber.

Method of Manufacturing a High-Performance Optical Absorber Using Capillary Force Lamination

A method using capillary force lamination (CFL) for manufacturing a high-performance optical absorber, includes: texturizing a base layer of the high-performance optical absorber, the base layer comprising one or more of a polymer film and a polymer coating; joining a surface layer of the high-performance optical absorber to the base layer, the surface layer comprising a non-woven carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet; wetting the joined surface layer and base layer with a solvent; drying the joined surface layer and base layer; and treating the resulting base layer with plasma, creating the high-performance optical absorber.

High-performance optical absorber comprising functionalized, non-woven, CNT sheet and texturized polymer film or texturized polymer coating and manufacturing method thereof

A method using capillary force lamination (CFL) for manufacturing a high-performance optical absorber, includes: texturizing a base layer of the high-performance optical absorber, the base layer comprising one or more of a polymer film and a polymer coating; joining a surface layer of the high-performance optical absorber to the base layer, the surface layer comprising a non-woven carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet; wetting the joined surface layer and base layer with a solvent; allowing surface tension forces of the solvent to draw the non-woven CNT sheet into the base layer, thereby texturizing the surface layer; drying the joined surface layer and base layer; and treating the resulting base layer with plasma, creating the high-performance optical absorber.

Method of manufacturing a high-performance optical absorber using capillary force lamination

A method using capillary force lamination (CFL) for manufacturing a high-performance optical absorber, includes: texturizing a base layer of the high-performance optical absorber, the base layer comprising one or more of a polymer film and a polymer coating; joining a surface layer of the high-performance optical absorber to the base layer, the surface layer comprising a non-woven carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet; wetting the joined surface layer and base layer with a solvent; drying the joined surface layer and base layer; and treating the resulting base layer with plasma, creating the high-performance optical absorber.

Thermal gasket with high transverse thermal conductivity

An exemplary passive heat transfer apparatus is suited for transferring heat away from an electronic heat generating device to another environment. A gasket has many spaced- apart holes that are transverse to two major opposing surfaces of the gasket. A thermally conductive material is disposed within and fills the holes for conducting heat from one of the two major surfaces to the other major surface. The thermally conductive material is a nanocomposite material having nano -particles aligned substantially perpendicular to the two major opposing surfaces. The thermally conductive material as disposed in the holes has no interfacial boundaries that could adversely affect the transfer of heat.

Nanoporous wick and open-cellular porous structures and method of manufacture

A nanoporous open-cell foam or wick structure and method for production are ½ disclosed. The nanoporous foam or wick structures are produced from, for example, thermoplastic or thermoset polymer gels in which a gelation solvent is removed so as to preserve an expanded monolithic gel structure consisting of intertwined and or chemically crosslinked polymer molecular fibrils. The nanoporous foam or wick may encompass a stand-alone structure, or be incorporated in to microporous open cell foams or wick materials converting them in to nanoporous cellular materials having a bipore structure. Such produced nanoporous polymer materials have unique properties that may be exploited for making high performance capillary pump loop or heat pipe thermal management systems, low-boiloff slosh-less cryogen storage vessels and superior insulation materials for systems operating under ambient and elevated pressure conditions.

High-performance optical absorber comprising functionalized, non-woven, cnt sheet and texturized polymer film or texturized polymer coating and manufacturing method thereof

A high-performance optical absorber (100) includes: a texturized (130A-130D) base layer (110), the base layer comprising one or more of a polymer film and a polymer coating; and a surface layer (120) located above and immediately adjacent to the base layer, the surface layer joined to the base layer, the surface layer comprising a plasma-functionalized, non-woven carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet. A method using capillary force lamination (CFL) for manufacturing a high-performance optical absorber (100), includes: texturizing a base layer (110) of the high-performance optical absorber, the base layer comprising one or more of a polymer film and a polymer coating; joining a surface layer (120) of the high-performance optical absorber to the base layer, the surface layer comprising a non-woven carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet; wetting the joined surface layer and base layer with a solvent; drying the joined surface layer and base layer; and treating the resulting base layer with plasma, creating the high- performance optical absorber.

High-performance optical absorber comprising functionalized, non-woven, cnt sheet and texturized polymer film or texturized polymer coating and manufacturing method thereof

A high-performance optical absorber (100) includes: a texturized (130A-130D) base layer (110), the base layer comprising one or more of a polymer film and a polymer coating; and a surface layer (120) located above and immediately adjacent to the base layer, the surface layer joined to the base layer, the surface layer comprising a plasma-functionalized, non-woven carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet. A method using capillary force lamination (CFL) for manufacturing a high-performance optical absorber (100), includes: texturizing a base layer (110) of the high-performance optical absorber, the base layer comprising one or more of a polymer film and a polymer coating; joining a surface layer (120) of the high-performance optical absorber to the base layer, the surface layer comprising a non-woven carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet; wetting the joined surface layer and base layer with a solvent; drying the joined surface layer and base layer; and treating the resulting base layer with plasma, creating the high- performance optical absorber.

High-performance optical absorber comprising functionalized, non-woven, cnt sheet and texturized polymer film or texturized polymer coating and manufacturing method thereof

A high-performance optical absorber, having a texturized base layer, the base layer comprising one or more of a polymer film and a polymer coating; and a surface layer located above and immediately adjacent to the base layer. The surface layer is joined to the base layer and the surface layer has a plasma-functionalized, non-woven carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet, wherein the base layer texturization comprises one or more of substantially rectangular ridges, substantially triangular ridges, substantially pyramidal ridges, and truncated, substantially pyramidal ridges.

Aktiv geregelter Dämpfer

Nanoporous wick and open-cellular porous structures and method of manufacture

A nanoporous open-cell foam or wick structure and method for production are ½ disclosed. The nanoporous foam or wick structures are produced from, for example, thermoplastic or thermoset polymer gels in which a gelation solvent is removed so as to preserve an expanded monolithic gel structure consisting of intertwined and or chemically crosslinked polymer molecular fibrils. The nanoporous foam or wick may encompass a stand-alone structure, or be incorporated in to microporous open cell foams or wick materials converting them in to nanoporous cellular materials having a bipore structure. Such produced nanoporous polymer materials have unique properties that may be exploited for making high performance capillary pump loop or heat pipe thermal management systems, low-boiloff slosh-less cryogen storage vessels and superior insulation materials for systems operating under ambient and elevated pressure conditions.

Nanoporous wick and open-cellular porous structures and method of manufacture

A nanoporous open-cell foam or wick structure and method for production are ½ disclosed. The nanoporous foam or wick structures are produced from, for example, thermoplastic or thermoset polymer gels in which a gelation solvent is removed so as to preserve an expanded monolithic gel structure consisting of intertwined and or chemically crosslinked polymer molecular fibrils. The nanoporous foam or wick may encompass a stand-alone structure, or be incorporated in to microporous open cell foams or wick materials converting them in to nanoporous cellular materials having a bipore structure. Such produced nanoporous polymer materials have unique properties that may be exploited for making high performance capillary pump loop or heat pipe thermal management systems, low-boiloff slosh-less cryogen storage vessels and superior insulation materials for systems operating under ambient and elevated pressure conditions.

Functionalized graphene and cnt sheet optical absorbers and method of manufacture

An optical absorber and method of manufacture is disclosed. A non-woven sheet of randomly-organized horizontally-oriented carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is subjected to a laser rasterizing treatment at ambient temperature and pressure. The upper surface of the sheet is functionalized by oxygen and hydrogen atoms resulting in improved absorbance properties as compared to untreated CNT sheets as well as to commercial state-of-art black paints. Laser treatment conditions may also be altered or modulated to provide surface texturing in addition to functionalization to enhance light trapping and optical absorbance properties.

Functionalized graphene and cnt sheet optical absorbers and method of manufacture

An optical absorber and method of manufacture is disclosed. A non-woven sheet of randomly-organized horizontally-oriented carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is subjected to a laser rasterizing treatment at ambient temperature and pressure. The upper surface of the sheet is functionalized by oxygen and hydrogen atoms resulting in improved absorbance properties as compared to untreated CNT sheets as well as to commercial state-of-art black paints. Laser treatment conditions may also be altered or modulated to provide surface texturing in addition to functionalization to enhance light trapping and optical absorbance properties.

Functionalized graphene and cnt sheet optical absorbers and method of manufacture

Thermal gasket with high transverse thermal conductivity

Thermal interface materials using metal nanowire arrays and sacrificial templates

A method for making a thermal interface material (TIM) comprises the steps of: depositing a seed layer onto a substrate; attaching a template membrane to the substrate; depositing metal into one or more of the pores of the template membrane, substantially filling the template membrane to create a vertically- aligned metal nanowire (MNW) array comprising a plurality of nanowires that grow upward from the seed layer; and after the template membrane is substantially filled with the deposited metal, removing the template membrane, leaving the plurality of nanowires attached to the seed layer. A TIM comprises: a vertically- aligned MNW array comprising a plurality of nanowires that grow upward from a seed layer deposited on the surface of a template membrane, and the template membrane being removed after MNW growth.

金属ナノワイヤアレイの高伝導性接合方法

【課題】熱伝導的でかつ機械的に強固な接合手順であって、隣接する２つの表面に金属ナノワイヤ（ＭＮＷ）アレイを取り付ける手順を提供する。【解決手段】金属ナノワイヤ（ＭＮＷ）アレイを隣接面に取り付けるための熱伝導的でかつ機械的に強固な接合方法は、ＭＮＷからテンプレート膜を除去する工程、接合材を用いてＭＮＷを浸透させる工程、隣接面に接合材を配置する工程、接合材が接合可能となっている間に隣接面をＭＮＷの上面に接触させる工程、及び接合材が冷却し、ＭＮＷと隣接面との間に固相接合を形成するのを可能にする工程を含む。金属ナノワイヤ（ＭＮＷ）アレイを隣接面に取り付けるための、熱伝導的でかつ機械的に強固な接合方法は、所望の接合プロセスに基づいて接合材料を選択する工程、及びＭＮＷの間隙容積を満たすテンプレート膜からＭＮＷを除去することなく、接合材をＭＮＷの先端に堆積させる工程を含む。【選択図】図１

High-conductivity bonding of metal nanowire arrays

A thermally-conductive and mechanically-robust bonding method for attaching a metal nanowire (MNW) array to an adjacent surface includes the steps of: removing a template membrane from the MNW; infiltrating the MNW with a bonding material; placing the bonding material on the adjacent surface; bringing an adjacent surface into contact with a top surface of the MNW while the bonding material is bondable; and allowing the bonding material to cool and form a solid bond between the MNW and the adjacent surface. A thermally-conductive and mechanically-robust bonding method for attaching a metal nanowire (MNW) array to an adjacent surface includes the steps of: choosing a bonding material based on a desired bonding process; and without removing the MNW from a template membrane that fills an interstitial volume of the MNW, depositing the bonding material onto a tip of the MNW.

Low thermal expansion adhesives and encapsulants for cryogenic and high power density electronic and photonic device assembly and packaging

低温および高出力密度の電子およびフォトニックデバイスのアセンブリーおよびパッケージングのための低熱膨張の接着剤および封止材

【課題】半導体の熱膨張率と非常に整合する熱膨張率を持つ充填複合材組成物を提供する。 【解決手段】充填複合材組成物は、広い温度範囲にさらされる電子および光パッケージ中の封止材、アンダーフィル材料、およびポッティング材料として使用することができる。複合材は、マトリックスおよびフィラー組成物を含む。好ましい実施例において、マトリックスは有機材料である。フィラー組成物は、負の熱膨張率をもつ材料の粒子を含む。フィラー組成物は、広い範囲の粒径をもつ粒子を含む。さらに、粒子は、非正規分布の、例えば、対数正規分布またはべき乗則分布の粒子分布を示す。粒子の非正規粒径分布は、フィラー組成物を高いレベルで有機マトリックス中に配合することを可能にし、電子パッケージまたは光アセンブリーの光学部品中の半導体材料の熱膨張率と整合する非常に低い熱膨張率をもつ複合材をもたらす。 【選択図】なし