Apparatus and Methods for Locating Source of and Analyzing Electromagnetic Radiation

Detectors and methods for gathering, detecting and analyzing electromagnetic radiation are disclosed. A radiation detector includes one or more positive lenses to direct radiation to mirrors or to a photodetector. Coordinates of directed radiation are measured and interpreted to determine the angle of arrival. A color filter mosaic may be present to determine wavelengths of detected radiation. Temporal characteristics of the radiation may be measured. 1. A radiation detector comprising:(a) a photodetector, and(b) a plurality of lens-mirror assemblies, each lens-mirror assembly comprising a positive lens, a first mirror and a second mirror, the first and second mirrors being adjacent, wherein the lens is disposed to direct radiation from a first range of angles of arrival to the first mirror, radiation from a second range of angles of arrival to the second mirror and radiation from a third range of angles of arrival to the photodetector, the mirrors being disposed to reflect radiation to the photodetector.2. The radiation detector of wherein the lens-mirror assemblies are disposed and configured to direct radiation arriving from across a hemisphere or more to the photodetector.3. The radiation detector of comprising a plurality of photodetectors.4. The radiation detector of wherein the photodetectors form an array of photodetectors.5. The radiation detector of wherein the array of photodetectors is an image sensor.6. The radiation detector of wherein the photodetector is a solar cell.7. The radiation detector of further comprising a color filter mosaic operably positioned between the plurality of lens-mirror assemblies and the array of photodetectors.8. The radiation detector of claim 7 , wherein the color filter mosaic comprises a radiation filter or a radiation up-converter.9. The radiation detector of wherein the first range of angles of arrival claim 1 , the second range of angles of arrival claim 1 , and the third range of angles of arrival together continuously ...

Method for Assembly of Spectroscopic Filter Arrays Using Biomolecules

Spectroscopic filter arrays and methods for making spectroscopic filter arrays are provided. The arrays are formed using a dispersion of filter particles having selected moieties attached to the surface of the particles and a microarray having complementary moieties formed in an array on a substrate, such that each filter particle is attached to a selected region of the microarray. The moiety on the substrate may be RNA or DNA or other molecule. The substrate may be a surface of a photodetector array, a transparent plate that may be placed in registration with the photodetector or a stamp used to transfer the filter array to a photodetector array. 1. An imaging system for electromagnetic radiation , comprising:a photodetector array;a microarray on a substrate having a plurality of addressable regions, each addressable region having a layer comprising a first moiety attached to the substrate; anda plurality of filter particles, each filter particle having a second moiety attached thereto, the second moiety being complementary to the first moiety on a selected addressable region of the microarray.2. The imaging system of wherein the substrate is a surface of the photodetector array.3. The imaging system of wherein the substrate is a plate transparent to the region of the electromagnetic spectrum being detected and the microarray is in registration with the photodetector array.4. The imaging system of wherein the substrate is a stamp that is used to transfer the plurality of filter particles to the photodetector array.5. The imaging system of wherein the first moiety is DNA or RNA and the second moiety is capable of hybridizing with the first moiety.6. The imaging system of further comprising one or more layers of filter particles.7. The imaging system of wherein the filter particles are core-dyed microspheres.8. The imaging system of wherein the filter particles are microparticle- or nanoparticle-impregnated microspheres.9. The imaging system of wherein the filter ...

Imprinted semiconductor multiplex detection array

An array of sensor devices, each sensor including a set of semiconducting nanotraces having a width less than about 100 nm is provided. Method for fabricating the arrays is disclosed, providing a top-down approach for large arrays with multiple copies of the detection device in a single processing step. Nanodimensional sensing elements with precise dimensions and spacing to avoid the influence of electrodes are provided. The arrays may be used for multiplex detection of chemical and biomolecular species. The regular arrays may be combined with parallel synthesis of anchor probe libraries to provide a multiplex diagnostic device. Applications for gas phase sensing, chemical sensing and solution phase biomolecular sensing are disclosed.

Method for assembly of spectroscopic filter arrays using biomolecules

Spectroscopic filter arrays and methods for making spectroscopic filter arrays are provided. The arrays are formed using a dispersion of filter particles having selected moieties attached to the surface of the particles and a microarray having complementary moieties formed in an array on a substrate, such that each filter particle is attached to a selected region of the microarray. The moiety on the substrate may be RNA or DNA or other molecule. The substrate may be a surface of a photodetector array, a transparent plate that may be placed in registration with the photodetector or a stamp used to transfer the filter array to a photodetector array.

Wavelength-Selective, Integrated resonance Detector for Electromagnetic Radiation

Embodiments of the invention are directed to integrated resonance detectors and arrays of integrated resonance detectors and to methods for making and using the integrated resonance detectors and arrays. Integrated resonance detectors comprise a substrate, a conducting mirror layer, an active layer, and a patterned conducting layer. Electromagnetic radiation is detected by transducing a specific resonance-induced field enhancement in the active layer to a detection current that is proportional to the incident irradiance. 1. An integrated resonance detector for electromagnetic radiation , comprising:a substrate comprising an electrically conducting mirror layer;an active layer on the mirror layer, the active layer being a material capable of supporting electrical current flow;a patterned conducting layer on the active layer, the conducting layer being patterned to absorb the electromagnetic radiation within a selected range of wavelengths; andan electronic circuit electrically connected between the mirror layer and the patterned conducting layer.2. The detector of wherein the substrate is a rigid solid comprising plastic claim 1 , ceramic claim 1 , metal claim 1 , glass claim 1 , or a semiconductor.3. The detector of wherein the rigid solid is a focal plane array sensor or an image sensor comprising a semiconductor.4. The detector of wherein the substrate comprises a semiconductor and the semiconductor comprises silicon claim 2 , InGaAs claim 2 , InSb claim 2 , or HgCdTe.5. The detector of wherein the rigid solid is an array of bolometers.6. The detector of wherein the substrate is a flexible solid comprising metal claim 1 , ceramic claim 1 , plastic claim 1 , or biomaterial.7. The detector of wherein the material of the active layer comprises a conductor claim 1 , semiconductor claim 1 , semi-insulator claim 1 , or insulator.8. The detector of wherein the active layer comprises a plurality of layers.9. The detector of wherein the electronic circuit includes a source ...

Membrane-Supported, Thermoelectric Compositions

Thermoelectric devices and methods for making and using the devices and their intermediates are provided. Membrane-supported thermoelectric modules are fabricated by dispensing thermoelectric powder into select locations of a membrane to form electrically-isolated columns of thermoelectric material. The powder is then sintered or fused to form thermoelectric elements, which are then electrically connected and combined with thermal interface films to form the modules. The modules are the building blocks of electrical current generating, thermoelectric cooling and heat scavenging thermoelectric devices. 1. A membrane-supported thermoelectric subassembly , comprising:a porous membrane having a top face and a bottom face;a plurality of electrically isolated elements of thermoelectric material extending through the membrane and to the top face and the bottom face, each element having a doping type being selected to be n-type or p-type.2. The membrane-supported thermoelectric subassembly of claim 1 , further comprising an electrical contact layer and solder contacting the elements.4. The thermoelectric module of further comprising a thermal transport layer contacting the electrically insulating interface film on a second side of the film.5. The membrane-supported thermoelectric module of further comprising at least one membrane-supported thermoelectric subassembly indexed to electrically connect with the membrane-supported thermoelectric module of .6. A thermoelectric device claim 3 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00004', 'claim 4'}, 'a plurality of the membrane-supported thermoelectric modules of ; and'}{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00004', 'claim 4'}, 'edge connectors to electrically and mechanically connect the membrane-supported thermoelectric modules of .'}7. A method for making a membrane-supported thermoelectric subassembly claim 3 , comprising:providing a porous membrane having a top face and a bottom face;dispensing a thermoelectric powder or slurry of ...

Method for making wavelength-selective, integrated resonance detector for electromagnetic radiation

Embodiments of the invention are directed to integrated resonance detectors and arrays of integrated resonance detectors and to methods for making and using the integrated resonance detectors and arrays. Integrated resonance detectors comprise a substrate, a conducting mirror layer, an active layer, and a patterned conducting layer. Electromagnetic radiation is detected by transducing a specific resonance-induced field enhancement in the active layer to a detection current that is proportional to the incident irradiance.

METHODS FOR DETECTING AND QUANTIFYING GAS SPECIES ANALYTES USING DIFFERENTIAL GAS SPECIES DIFFUSION

Methods and sensors for the detection, identification, and quantification of one or more gas species, including volatile organic compounds, in a test sample are described. Methods employ gas sensors comprising a diffusion matrix present on the sensor surface. A gas analyte in a test sample diffuses through the matrix and is detected upon interaction of the analyte with the sensor. A response profile of a gas sensor to a gas analyte in the test sample is compared to a control gas sensor response profile determined in a similar manner for a known gas species. Comparisons of test sample and control sample sensor response profiles enable detection, identification, and quantification of a gas species analyte in a test sample. 1. A method of detecting a gas species analyte in a test sample comprising:(a) exposing a gas sensor, derivatized with a diffusion matrix, to a control sample comprising a known gas species and determining a control sensor response profile;(b) exposing the gas sensor to the test sample and determining a test sample sensor response profile; and(c) determining the presence or absence of the gas species analyte in the test sample by comparing the test sample sensor response profile and the control sample sensor response profile.2. The method of wherein determining the test sample sensor response profile comprises:(a) applying a bias voltage to the gas sensor;(b) exposing the gas sensor to the test sample;(c) stopping exposure of the gas sensor to the test sample; and(d) determining sensor response data for a selected period of time after applying the bias voltage to a selected period of time after stopping exposure of the gas sensor to the test sample.3. The method of wherein the control sample comprises a plurality of known gas species.4. The method of wherein the control sensor response profile is stored in a database.5. The method of wherein comparing the test sample and control sensor response profiles comprises using read-out integrated circuits ...

METHODS FOR DETECTING AND QUANTIFYING ANALYTES USING IONIC SPECIES DIFFUSION

Methods and sensors for detection and quantification of one or more analyte in a test sample are described. A response profile of an ion sensor to a control sample of a known interrogator ion is determined. The ion sensor is exposed to a test sample then to a second sample comprising the known interrogator ion, and a test sample response profile of the ion sensor is determined. One or more test sample sensor response profiles are compared with one or more control sensor response profiles for detecting, identifying, and quantifying one or more analytes in the test sample. 1. A method for determining the presence of an analyte in a test sample , comprising:(a) exposing an ion sensor, derivatized with an analyte binder, to a first ion sample comprising a known ion species and determining a control sensor response profile;(b) exposing the ion sensor to a test sample;(c) exposing the ion sensor to a second ion sample comprising the known ion species and determining a test sample sensor response profile; and(d) determining the presence or absence of the analyte in the test sample by comparing the test sample sensor response profile and the control sensor response profile.2. The method of wherein the first and second ion samples comprise a plurality of known ion species and wherein the known ion species are the same in each ion sample.3. The method of wherein determining a control sensor response profile comprises:a) applying a bias voltage to the ion sensor;b) exposing the ion sensor to the first ion sample;c) stopping exposure of the ion sensor to the first ion sample; andd) determining sensor response data for a selected period of time after applying the bias voltage to a selected period of time after stopping exposure of the ion sensor to the first ion sample.4. The method of wherein comparing the test sample sensor response profile and the control sensor response profile comprises performing a ratiometric comparison of the profiles.5. The method of wherein the binder ...

THERMOELECTRIC DEVICE WITH ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE COMPLIANT MECHANISM CONNECTOR

Thermoelectric devices have an electrically conductive connector for connecting thermoelectric modules. The electrically conductive connector is a compliant mechanism having a first connecting region and a second connecting region that are rigid bodies and an elastically deformable region that is a flexible member positioned between the first and second connecting regions. The electrically conductive compliant mechanism connector enables facile manufacture and assembly of thermoelectric devices of various sizes and shapes that are conformable to irregularly shaped objects and body parts.

METHOD FOR ASSEMBLY OF ANALYTE FILTER ARRAYS USING BIOMOLECULES

Analyte filter arrays and methods for making an analyte filter array are provided. The arrays are formed using a dispersion of filter particles having selected moieties attached to the surface of the particles and a microarray having complementary moieties formed in an array on a substrate, such that each filter particle is attached to a selected region of the microarray. The moiety on the substrate may be RNA or DNA or other molecule. The substrate may be a surface of a detector array, a membrane that may be placed in registration with the detector array or a stamp used to transfer the filter array to a detector array. 1. A method of making a filter particle array for filtering molecules or ions in a mixture comprising:(a) exposing a plurality of filter particles to a detector array, the array having a plurality of addressable regions, wherein the plurality comprises a set of selected filter particles having binding moieties attached thereto, and wherein exposing causes binding of the binding moieties to complementary anchor biomolecules attached to a selected addressable region, thereby binding the set of selected filter particles to the selected addressable region; and(b) removing unbound filter particles from the detector array.2. The method of wherein the detector array is a chemiresistive semiconductor detector array.3. The method of wherein the chemiresistive semiconductor detector array comprises an array of nanoimprinted metal oxide semiconductors.4. The method of further comprising providing the detector array.5. The method of wherein the set of filter particles are selected to filter ionic species or gas species in a mixture.6. The method of wherein the detector array is configured to respond electrically to the interaction of an ion or gas at the detector surface.7. The method of wherein steps (a) and (b) are repeated at least once.8. The method of wherein at least two selected addressable regions have different anchor biomolecules claim 1 , and wherein ...

Method for Making Wavelength-Selective, Integrated Resonance Detector for Electromagnetic Radiation

Embodiments of the invention are directed to integrated resonance detectors and arrays of integrated resonance detectors and to methods for making and using the integrated resonance detectors and arrays. Integrated resonance detectors comprise a substrate, a conducting mirror layer, an active layer, and a patterned conducting layer. Electromagnetic radiation is detected by transducing a specific resonance-induced field enhancement in the active layer to a detection current that is proportional to the incident irradiance.

Imprinted Semiconductor Multiplex Detection Array

An array of sensor devices, each sensor including a set of semiconducting nanotraces having a width less than about 100 nm is provided. Method for fabricating the arrays is disclosed, providing a top-down approach for large arrays with multiple copies of the detection device in a single processing step. Nanodimensional sensing elements with precise dimensions and spacing to avoid the influence of electrodes are provided. The arrays may be used for multiplex detection of chemical and biomolecular species. The regular arrays may be combined with parallel synthesis of anchor probe libraries to provide a multiplex diagnostic device. Applications for gas phase sensing, chemical sensing and solution phase biomolecular sensing are disclosed. 1. A multiplex detection array device , comprising:a substrate;an array of sensor devices, each sensor device having a source electrode and a drain electrode and a plurality of semiconducting nanotraces disposed therebetween, each nanotrace having a width less than about 100 nm; andselected anchor probe molecules coupled to the surface of the semiconducting nanotraces in each sensor device, such that electrical conductance of each sensor device changes in response to binding of selected target molecules with the anchor probe molecules specific to each device.2. The device of further comprising electrical apparatus for monitoring an electrical response of the semiconducting nanotraces for each sensor device in the array.3. The device of further comprising a signal processor that communicates with each sensor device and interprets the response of each sensor device during reaction with test media containing target molecules.4. The device of wherein the anchor probe molecules have a specific affinity for selected complementary target molecules.5. The device of wherein the anchor probe molecules are sequences of nucleic acids.6. The device of wherein the anchor probe molecules are protein molecules having binding affinities for a selected ...

METHODS FOR DETECTING AND QUANTIFYING ANALYTES USING GAS SPECIES DIFFUSION

Methods and sensors for detection and quantification of one or more analyte in a test sample are described. A response profile of a gas sensor to a control sample of a known interrogator gas is determined. The gas sensor is exposed to a test sample then to a second sample comprising the known interrogator gas, and a test sample response profile of the gas sensor is determined. One or more test sample sensor response profiles are compared with one or more control sensor response profiles for detecting, identifying, and quantifying one or more analytes in the test sample. 1. A method of detecting an analyte in a test sample , comprising:(a) exposing a gas sensor, derivatized with an analyte binder, to a first gas sample comprising a known gas species and determining a control sensor response profile;(b) exposing the gas sensor to a test sample;(c) exposing the gas sensor to a second gas sample comprising the known gas species and determining a test sample sensor response profile; and(d) determining the presence or absence of the analyte in the test sample by comparing the test sample sensor response profile and the control sensor response profile.2. The method of wherein the first and second gas samples comprise a plurality of known gas species and wherein the known gas species are the same in each gas sample.3. The method of wherein determining a control sensor response profile comprises:a) applying a bias voltage to the gas sensor;b) exposing the gas sensor to the first gas sample;c) stopping exposure of the gas sensor to the first gas sample; andd) determining sensor response data for a selected period of time after applying the bias voltage to a selected period of time after stopping exposure of the gas sensor to the first gas sample.4. The method of wherein comparing the test sample sensor response profile and the control sensor response profile comprises performing a ratiometric comparison of the profiles.5. The method of wherein the analyte binder is a ...

Method for Assembly of Analyte Filter Arrays Using Biomolecules

Analyte filter arrays and methods for making an analyte filter array are provided. The arrays are formed using a dispersion of filter particles having selected moieties attached to the surface of the particles and a microarray having complementary moieties formed in an array on a substrate, such that each filter particle is attached to a selected region of the microarray. The moiety on the substrate may be RNA or DNA or other molecule. The substrate may be a surface of a detector array, a membrane that may be placed in registration with the detector array or a stamp used to transfer the filter array to a detector array.

Methods for detecting and quantifying analytes using gas species diffusion

Methods and sensors for detection and quantification of one or more analyte in a test sample are described. A response profile of a gas sensor to a control sample of a known interrogator gas is determined. The gas sensor is exposed to a test sample then to a second sample comprising the known interrogator gas, and a test sample response profile of the gas sensor is determined. One or more test sample sensor response profiles are compared with one or more control sensor response profiles for detecting, identifying, and quantifying one or more analytes in the test sample.

Apparatus and methods for locating source of and analyzing electromagnetic radiation

Detectors and methods for gathering, detecting and analyzing electromagnetic radiation are disclosed. A radiation detector includes one or more positive lenses to direct radiation to mirrors or to a photodetector. Coordinates of directed radiation are measured and interpreted to determine the angle of arrival. A color filter mosaic may be present to determine wavelengths of detected radiation. Temporal characteristics of the radiation may be measured.

Apparatus and Methods for Locating Source Of and Analyzing Electromagnetic Radiation

Method and apparatus for determining direction from which electromagnetic radiation originates and spectral characteristics of the radiation are provided. Lenses, diffraction gratings, which may be present on the surface of the lenses, and mirrors direct radiation to a photodetector. Lens and grating parameters, along with the location, size, relative spacing and orientation of diffracted orders of radiation detected by the photodetector are used for determining direction from which the radiation originates.

Methods for detecting and quantifying analytes using ionic species diffusion

Methods and sensors for detection and quantification of one or more analyte in a test sample are described. A response profile of an ion sensor to a control sample of a known interrogator ion is determined. The ion sensor is exposed to a test sample then to a second sample comprising the known interrogator ion, and a test sample response profile of the ion sensor is determined. One or more test sample sensor response profiles are compared with one or more control sensor response profiles for detecting, identifying, and quantifying one or more analytes in the test sample.

METHODS FOR DETECTING AND QUANTIFYING GAS SPECIES ANALYTES USING DIFFERENTIAL GAS SPECIES DIFFUSION

Methods and sensors for the detection, identification, and quantification of one or more gas species, including volatile organic compounds, in a test sample are described. Methods employ gas sensors comprising a diffusion matrix present on the sensor surface. A gas analyte in a test sample diffuses through the matrix and is detected upon interaction of the analyte with the sensor. A response profile of a gas sensor to a gas analyte in the test sample is compared to a control gas sensor response profile determined in a similar manner for a known gas species. Comparisons of test sample and control sample sensor response profiles enable detection, identification, and quantification of a gas species analyte in a test sample. 1. A method of detecting a gas species analyte in a test sample comprising:(a) exposing a gas sensor, derivatized with a diffusion matrix, to a control sample comprising a known gas species and determining a control sensor response profile;(b) exposing the gas sensor to the test sample and determining a test sample sensor response profile; and(c) determining the presence or absence of the gas species analyte in the test sample by comparing the test sample sensor response profile and the control sample sensor response profile.2. The method of wherein determining the test sample sensor response profile comprises:(a) applying a bias voltage to the gas sensor;(b) exposing the gas sensor to the test sample;(c) stopping exposure of the gas sensor to the test sample; and(d) determining sensor response data for a selected period of time after applying the bias voltage to a selected period of time after stopping exposure of the gas sensor to the test sample.3. The method of wherein the control sample comprises a plurality of known gas species.4. The method of wherein the control sensor response profile is stored in a database.5. The method of wherein comparing the test sample and control sensor response profiles comprises using read-out integrated circuits ...

Method for assembly of analyte filter arrays using biomolecules

Analyte filter arrays and methods for making an analyte filter array are provided. The arrays are formed using a dispersion of filter particles having selected moieties attached to the surface of the particles and a microarray having complementary moieties formed in an array on a substrate, such that each filter particle is attached to a selected region of the microarray. The moiety on the substrate may be RNA or DNA or other molecule. The substrate may be a surface of a detector array, a membrane that may be placed in registration with the detector array or a stamp used to transfer the filter array to a detector array.

Sensor And Methods For Detecting and Quantifying Ions And Molecules

An apparatus comprises a housing defining a chamber that has a liquid disposed therein, and a sensor submerged in the liquid. The sensor comprises a porous conductive film on a substrate, and the film comprises chemiresistive semiconducting metal oxide structures. The sensor also comprises an electrode pair operably connected to the porous conductive film for generating electric current in the film and for detecting a change in an electrical property of the film. The apparatus can be used to detect, identify, and quantify ions and molecules in a liquid sample. Molecules and ions, in a liquid sample, that interact with the porous conductive film can cause a change in an electrical property of the film. The change in electrical property of the film can be correlated with the presence and amount of the molecules or ions.

Methods for detecting and quantifying gas species analytes using differential gas species diffusion

Methods and sensors for the detection, identification, and quantification of one or more gas species, including volatile organic compounds, in a test sample are described. Methods employ gas sensors comprising a diffusion matrix present on the sensor surface. A gas analyte in a test sample diffuses through the matrix and is detected upon interaction of the analyte with the sensor. A response profile of a gas sensor to a gas analyte in the test sample is compared to a control gas sensor response profile determined in a similar manner for a known gas species. Comparisons of test sample and control sample sensor response profiles enable detection, identification, and quantification of a gas species analyte in a test sample.

Method for assembly of analyte filter arrays using biomolecules

Analyte filter arrays and methods for making an analyte filter array are provided. The arrays are formed using a dispersion of filter particles having selected moieties attached to the surface of the particles and a microarray having complementary moieties formed in an array on a substrate, such that each filter particle is attached to a selected region of the microarray. The moiety on the substrate may be RNA or DNA or other molecule. The substrate may be a surface of a detector array, a membrane that may be placed in registration with the detector array or a stamp used to transfer the filter array to a detector array.

METHODS FOR DETECTING AND QUANTIFYING ANALYTES USING GAS SPECIES DIFFUSION

Methods and sensors for detection and quantification of one or more analyte in a test sample are described. A response profile of a gas sensor to a control sample of a known interrogator gas is determined. The gas sensor is exposed to a test sample then to a second sample comprising the known interrogator gas, and a test sample response profile of the gas sensor is determined. One or more test sample sensor response profiles are compared with one or more control sensor response profiles for detecting, identifying, and quantifying one or more analytes in the test sample. 1. A method of detecting an analyte in a test sample , comprising:(a) exposing a gas sensor, derivatized with an analyte binder, to a first gas sample comprising a known gas species and determining a control sensor response profile;(b) exposing the gas sensor to a test sample;(c) exposing the gas sensor to a second gas sample comprising the known gas species and determining a test sample sensor response profile; and(d) determining the presence or absence of the analyte in the test sample by comparing the test sample sensor response profile and the control sensor response profile.2. The method of wherein the first and second gas samples comprise a plurality of known gas species and wherein the known gas species are the same in each gas sample.3. The method of wherein determining a control sensor response profile comprises:a) applying a bias voltage to the gas sensor;b) exposing the gas sensor to the first gas sample;c) stopping exposure of the gas sensor to the first gas sample; andd) determining sensor response data for a selected period of time after applying the bias voltage to a selected period of time after stopping exposure of the gas sensor to the first gas sample.4. The method of wherein comparing the test sample sensor response profile and the control sensor response profile comprises performing a ratiometric comparison of the profiles.5. The method of wherein the analyte binder is a ...

Sensor And Methods For Detecting and Quantifying Ions And Molecules

An apparatus comprises a housing defining a chamber that has a liquid disposed therein, and a sensor submerged in the liquid. The sensor comprises a porous conductive film on a substrate, and the film comprises chemiresistive semiconducting metal oxide structures. The sensor also comprises an electrode pair operably connected to the porous conductive film for generating electric current in the film and for detecting a change in an electrical property of the film. The apparatus can be used to detect, identify, and quantify ions and molecules in a liquid sample. Molecules and ions, in a liquid sample, that interact with the porous conductive film can cause a change in an electrical property of the film. The change in electrical property of the film can be correlated with the presence and amount of the molecules or ions.

Apparatus and methods for locating source of and analyzing electromagnetic radiation

Method and apparatus for determining direction from which electromagnetic radiation originates and spectral characteristics of the radiation are provided. Lenses, diffraction gratings, which may be present on the surface of the lenses, and mirrors direct radiation to a photodetector. Lens and grating parameters, along with the location, size, relative spacing and orientation of diffracted orders of radiation detected by the photodetector are used for determining direction from which the radiation originates.

Wavelength-selective, integrated resonance detector for electromagnetic radiation

Embodiments of the invention are directed to integrated resonance detectors and arrays of integrated resonance detectors and to methods for making and using the integrated resonance detectors and arrays. Integrated resonance detectors comprise a substrate, a conducting mirror layer, an active layer, and a patterned conducting layer. Electromagnetic radiation is detected by transducing a specific resonance-induced field enhancement in the active layer to a detection current that is proportional to the incident irradiance.

Imprinted Semiconductor Multiplex Detection Array

An array of sensor devices, each sensor including a set of semiconducting nanotraces having a width less than about 100 nm is provided. Method for fabricating the arrays is disclosed, providing a top-down approach for large arrays with multiple copies of the detection device in a single processing step. Nanodimensional sensing elements with precise dimensions and spacing to avoid the influence of electrodes are provided. The arrays may be used for multiplex detection of chemical and biomolecular species. The regular arrays may be combined with parallel synthesis of anchor probe libraries to provide a multiplex diagnostic device. Applications for gas phase sensing, chemical sensing and solution phase biomolecular sensing are disclosed. 1. A method for making an array of semiconductor nanotraces , comprising:(a) supplying a substrate;(b) forming a series of individually-addressable electrodes having bonding pads on the substrate using standard lithography;(c) depositing a layer of a semiconductor; and(d) using nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and dry etches to form a set of parallel nanotraces of the semiconductor between the electrodes.2. The method of further comprising depositing a dielectric layer before step (b).3. The method of further comprising depositing a gate electrode before depositing the dielectric layer such as to form a field effect transistor.4. The method of wherein the step of using NIL comprises:(a) applying a layer of organic material;(b) applying drops of polymerizable material;(c) contacting the polymerizable layer with a template having nanodimension depressions so as to cause the polymerizable material to flow into the depressions;(e) applying ultraviolet radiation to form polymerized material;(f) removing the template to leave raised features of the polymerized material that flowed into the depressions;(g) etching the polymerized and organic material;(g) etching the semiconductor; and(f) removing the remaining polymerized and organic material.5. ...

Flexible and conformable thermoelectric compositions

The invention relates to the field of thermoelectric compositions and devices. Thermoelectric compositions comprise thermoelectric material in a flexible membrane that comprises structural material and voids. Thermoelectric subassemblies comprise thermoelectric material and electrical contact material along and on and surrounding structural material of the flexible membrane. Thermoelectric subassemblies can comprise thermoelectric elements positioned end-to-end in a flexible membrane that can be bent and positioned in a housing that can be adapted to accommodate various types of thermoelectric devices. Methods for making and using thermoelectric compositions, subassemblies, and devices are described.

Method for assembly of analyte filter arrays using biomolecules

Analyte filter arrays and methods for making an analyte filter array are provided. The arrays are formed using a dispersion of filter particles having selected moieties attached to the surface of the particles and a microarray having complementary moieties formed in an array on a substrate, such that each filter particle is attached to a selected region of the microarray. The moiety on the substrate may be RNA or DNA or other molecule. The substrate may be a surface of a detector array, a membrane that may be placed in registration with the detector array or a stamp used to transfer the filter array to a detector array.

Sensor and methods for detecting and quantifying ions and molecules

An apparatus comprises a housing defining a chamber that has a liquid disposed therein, and a sensor submerged in the liquid. The sensor comprises a porous conductive film on a substrate, and the film comprises chemiresistive semiconducting metal oxide structures. The sensor also comprises an electrode pair operably connected to the porous conductive film for generating electric current in the film and for detecting a change in an electrical property of the film. The apparatus can be used to detect, identify, and quantify ions and molecules in a liquid sample. Molecules and ions, in a liquid sample, that interact with the porous conductive film can cause a change in an electrical property of the film. The change in electrical property of the film can be correlated with the presence and amount of the molecules or ions.

Membrane-supported, thermoelectric compositions

Thermoelectric devices and methods for making and using the devices and their intermediates are provided. Membrane-supported thermoelectric modules are fabricated by dispensing thermoelectric powder into select locations of a membrane to form electrically isolated columns of thermoelectric material. The powder is then sintered or fused to form thermoelectric elements, which are then electrically connected and combined with thermal interface films to form the modules. The modules are the building blocks of electrical current generating, thermoelectric cooling and heat scavenging thermoelectric devices.

Membrane-supported, thermoelectric compositions

Thermoelectric devices and methods for making and using the devices and their intermediates are provided. Membrane-supported thermoelectric modules are fabricated by dispensing thermoelectric powder into select locations of a membrane to form electrically-isolated columns of thermoelectric material. The powder is then sintered or fused to form thermoelectric elements, which are then electrically connected and combined with thermal interface films to form the modules. The modules are the building blocks of electrical current generating, thermoelectric cooling and heat scavenging thermoelectric devices.

Membrane-supported, thermoelectric compositions

Membrane-supported, thermoelectric compositions

Thermoelectric devices and methods for making and using the devices and their intermediates are provided. Membrane-supported thermoelectric modules are fabricated by dispensing thermoelectric powder into select locations of a membrane to form electrically-isolated columns of thermoelectric material. The powder is then sintered or fused to form thermoelectric elements, which are then electrically connected and combined with thermal interface films to form the modules. The modules are the building blocks of electrical current generating, thermoelectric cooling and heat scavenging thermoelectric devices.

Membrane-supported, thermoelectric compositions

Imprinted semiconductor multiplex detection array

An array of sensor devices, each sensor including a set of semiconducting nanotraces having a width less than about 100 nm is provided. Method for fabricating the arrays is disclosed, providing a top-down approach for large arrays with multiple copies of the detection device in a single processing step. Nanodimensional sensing elements with precise dimensions and spacing to avoid the influence of electrodes are provided. The arrays may be used for multiplex detection of chemical and biomolecular species. The regular arrays may be combined with parallel synthesis of anchor probe libraries to provide a multiplex diagnostic device. Applications for gas phase sensing, chemical sensing and solution phase biomolecular sensing are disclosed.