Nickel electrode material,and production method therefor, and nickel electrode and alkaline battery

Subjects for the invention are to provide a nickel electrode material having a satisfactory tap density and capable of attaining a sufficient reduction in discharge reserve and a process for producing the nickel electrode material, and to provide a nickel electrode and an alkaline storage battery having a high capacity and excellent internal-pressure characteristics. For accomplishing the subjects, the invention provides a nickel electrode material for use in a nickel electrode, wherein the positive-electrode material constituting the electrode material comprises: positive active material particles which comprise as the main component either a nickel hydroxide or a solid solution in a nickel hydroxide of one or more other elements and in which part of the nickel hydroxide has been oxidized; and a coating layer formed on the surface of the positive active material particles and comprising as the main component a high-order cobalt compound in which the cobalt has an oxidation number larger ...

Information processing system, calculation node, and control method of information processing system

The present invention provides an information processing system, comprising a plurality of calculation nodes with an optical transmitter, which individually outputs a plurality of optical signals each having a different wavelength, and an optical receiver, which individually receives a plurality of optical signals each having a different wavelength, an optical transmission path connecting a plurality of the calculation nodes to each other, and optical pathway switching unit, lying in the optical transmission path, for transmitting the optical signal to the specific calculation node in accordance with a wavelength of the optical signal output from one of the calculation nodes.

Optical transmission system using Raman amplification

The present invention has an object to provide an optical transmission system that can reduce a difference of Raman gain between each of upstream and downstream lines, in a system configuration in which Raman amplification is performed for both the upstream and downstream lines by a common Raman amplifier. In order to achieve the above object, in the optical transmission system of the present invention, a plurality of transmission sections using a hybrid transmission path configured by combining a positive dispersion fiber and a negative dispersion fiber are provided for both the upstream and downstream lines, and when pumping light generated by the Raman amplifier common to each line is supplied to the transmission sections of the one line, using the hybrid transmission path in which the average wavelength dispersion is negative, and the transmission sections of the other line, using the hybrid transmission path in which the average wavelength dispersion is positive, the negative dispersion ...

Polarization multiplexed light transmitter and control method thereof

The polarization multiplexed light transmitter takes out a part of a polarization multiplexed light to be transmitted as a monitor light; makes orthogonal polarization components contained in the monitor light to interfere with each other, to generate a polarization interfering light; converts the polarization interfering light into an electric signal; measures the power of an alternate current component contained in the electric signal after eliminating a direct current component thereof; and feedback controls delay amount varying sections so that an inter-polarized channel delay time judged based on a change in the measured power reaches a predetermined value. Thus, the delay time between the orthogonal polarization components in the polarization multiplexed light can be varied flexibly at a high speed with a simple configuration, and thus, it becomes possible to suppress transmission characteristics degradation of the polarization multiplexed light due to a change in system state.

OPTICAL TRANSMISSION DEVICE AND OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

An optical transmission device includes: an error correction scheme determining unit configured to determine an error correction scheme based on a latency between the optical transmission device and a correspondent device; an error correction encoder configured to generate encoded data by performing an error correction encoding on transmission data using the error correction scheme determined by the error correction scheme determining unit; a modulation format determining unit configured to determine a modulation format based on the error correction scheme determined by the error correction scheme determining unit and transmission characteristics between the optical transmission device and the correspondent device; and an optical transmitter configured to generate a modulated optical system from the encoded data with the modulation format determined by the modulation format determining unit. 1. An optical transmission device comprising:an error correction scheme determining unit configured to determine an error correction scheme based on a latency between the optical transmission device and a correspondent device;an error correction encoder configured to generate encoded data by performing an error correction encoding on transmission data using the error correction scheme determined by the error correction scheme determining unit;a modulation format determining unit configured to determine a modulation format based on the error correction scheme determined by the error correction scheme determining unit and transmission characteristics between the optical transmission device and the correspondent device; andan optical transmitter configured to generate a modulated optical system from the encoded data with the modulation format determined by the modulation format determining unit.2. The optical transmission device according to claim 1 , whereinthe modulation format determining unit determines a modulation format based on a coding gain of the error correction scheme ...

Raman amplifier and optical transmission system using the amplifier

A plurality of pump lights are appropriately located in a wavelength band lambda1 to lambda3. The width of the wavelength band lambda1 to lambda3 is wider than a Raman shift amount. Gain is obtained in a wavelength band lambda2 to lambda3 by the plurality of pump lights located in the wavelength band lambda1 to lambda2. Gain is obtained in a wavelength band lambda3 to lambda4 by the plurality of pump lights located in the wavelength band lambda2 to lambda3. As a result, gain can be obtained in a wavelength band lambda2 to lambda4. A plurality of signal lights are located in the wavelength band lambda2 to lambda4. The deviation of gain can be adjusted by controlling the power of each of the plurality of pump lights.

Optical transmission path having sections which overcompensate for dispersion occurring in the sections

An optical communication system which includes a transmission path through which a light is transmitted to a specific point, such as to a receiver. The transmission path includes a plurality of sections so that the light travels through the sections to the specific point. Each section overcompensates for dispersion produced in the respective section for the light so that an amount of dispersion for the light at the specific point is substantially zero.

Wavelength division multiplexing optical transmission system

An object of the present invention is to provide a WDM optical transmission system with an excellent transmission characteristic by employing a hybrid transmission line which is formed by combining under optimal conditions an optical fiber having positive wavelength dispersion, and an optical fiber having negative wavelength dispersion. According to the WDM optical transmission system, an optical transmitter station, optical amplifiers, and an optical receiver station are interconnected over an optical fiber transmission line. The optical fiber transmission line has an inter-repeater segment formed with a hybrid transmission line composed of a 1.3 mum zero-dispersion SMF and an RDF, and an inter-repeater segment formed with a DCF for compensating for cumulative wavelength dispersion generated in the hybrid transmission line. As the conditions for setting the hybrid transmission line, a ratio of the length of the RDF to the length of the inter-repeater segment must be 20% or more and 40% ...

Optical transmission path having sections which overcompensate for dispersion occurring in the sections

An optical communication system which includes a transmission path through which a light is transmitted to a specific point, such as to a receiver. The transmission path includes a plurality of sections so that the light travels through the sections to the specific point. Each section overcompensates for dispersion produced in the respective section for the light so that an amount of dispersion for the light at the specific point is substantially zero.

Optical transmission method and optical transmission system utilizing raman amplification

The present invention has an object to provide an optical transmission technology using Raman amplification wherein a supervisory signal transferred among a plurality of optical transmission apparatuses is superimposed on a main signal light by using a pumping light for Raman amplification. To this end, a Raman amplifier applied with the optical transmission method of the present invention, is provided with a supervisory signal superimposing section for superimposing a supervisory signal transferred among the optical transmission apparatuses on at least one of a plurality of pumping lights of different wavelengths to be supplied to a Raman amplification medium via a multiplexer from a pumping light generating section, thereby transmitting the main signal light propagated through the Raman amplification medium to be Raman amplified, which is superimposed with the supervisory signal.

Heat sink, and method for producing same

A heat sink including a base section, connection fins, and parallel fins. The base section includes: a first base plate configured to be mounted with a heat generating component on its outer surface; a second base plate disposed to face the first base plate in a parallel manner, configured to be mounted with a heat generating component on its outer surface; and a third base plate disposed perpendicular to the first base plate and the second base plate, which secures the first base plate and the second base plate along a junction line. The base section includes first and second regions arranged in the direction of the junction line. The connection fins are disposed on the first region to connect inner surfaces of the first and second base plates and to be parallel to the third base plate, and the parallel fins are disposed on the second region from an inner surface of the third base plate to be parallel to the first base plate.

Optical connection switching apparatus and management control unit thereof

An optical connection switching according to the present invention comprises an optical connection switching facility capable of making a connection between any one of optical input ports and any one of optical output ports, one or more optical transmitting/receiving units connected to a portion of the optical input/output ports, and management control units for controlling the optical connection switching facility to make a connection between the optical input/output port connected to the optical transmitting/receiving unit and the optical input/output port connected to equipment for acquiring and managing information on the equipment by making a communication with the equipment through the use of the optical transmitting/receiving unit. This enables acquiring the information on the equipment having an optical communication interface to be optically connected, thereby automating the connection management of the equipment.

Estimation method for optical receiver and light source device

A method for estimating characteristics of an optical receiver includes: a generating process, a monitoring process, a suppressing process, a guiding process and an estimating process. The generating process generates a modulated optical signal based on an oscillation signal. The monitoring process monitors an optical spectrum of the modulated optical signal or a spectrum of an electric signal obtained by performing optical-to-electrical conversion on the modulated optical signal. The suppressing process suppresses a modulation component of an upper sideband or a lower sideband of the modulated optical signal based on the optical spectrum of the modulated optical signal or the spectrum of the electric signal. The guiding process guides the modulated optical signal in which the modulation component is suppressed to the optical receiver. The estimating process estimates the characteristics of the optical receiver based on an output signal of the optical receiver.

Optical switch and network system including the same

The optical switch, having a plurality of ports capable of switching optical signal routes in a network in the form of light, includes a detection means for detecting information in regard to the transmission condition of an optical signal passing through each port; and a control means for exchanging the transmission condition information between each switch and controlling the ports, so as to select one route from among a plurality of routes transmitting the optical signal based on the difference of transmission condition information between the relevant switches. The transmission condition information is the power of the optical signal. When the difference between each switch exists, or when at least one switch intervenes in the middle of the transmission route, by selecting a transmission route which minimizes accumulated differences among the switches, configuring a tree structure conventionally performed through manual operation can be set automatically in an optical network system ...

Optical transmission path having sections which overcompensate for dispersion occurring in the sections

An optical communication system which includes a transmission path through which a light is transmitted to a specific point, such as to a receiver. The transmission path includes a plurality of sections so that the light travels through the sections to the specific point. Each section overcompensates for dispersion produced in the respective section for the light so that an amount of dispersion for the light at the specific point is substantially zero.

Optical transmitter and optical transmission method

An optical transmitter converts a plurality of transmission signals transmitted via a plurality of lanes into a multi-carrier signal and transmits the multi-carrier signal. The optical transmitter includes: a controller configured to generate allocation information that indicates an allocation of sub-carriers to the plurality of lanes according to a bit rate of the transmission signal of each of the lanes and a possible transmission capacity of each of the sub-carriers; and a signal processor configured to convert the plurality of transmission signals into the multi-carrier signal in accordance with the allocation information generated by the controller.

OPTICAL TRANSMISSION DEVICE, OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, AND OPTICAL TRANSMISSION METHOD

An optical transmission device includes a light source that is driven according to a multicarrier modulation signal in which data is allocated to a plurality of subcarriers to transmit an optical multicarrier modulation signal to another optical transmission device, and a control unit that controls a driving condition of the light source, based on the number of bits allocatable to each of the subcarriers of the multicarrier modulation signal, the number of bits being determined according to transmission characteristics of the optical multicarrier modulation signal in the other optical transmission device. 1. An optical transmission device comprising:a light source that is driven according to a multicarrier modulation signal in which data is allocated to a plurality of subcarriers to transmit an optical multicarrier modulation signal to another optical transmission device; anda control unit that controls a driving condition of the light source, based on number of bits allocatable to each of the subcarriers of the multicarrier modulation signal, the number of bits being determined according to transmission characteristics of the optical multicarrier modulation signal in the other optical transmission device.2. The optical transmission device according to claim 1 , wherein information indicating the number of bits allocatable to each of the subcarriers is multiplexed into an optical signal transmitted from the other optical transmission device to the optical transmission device claim 1 , andthe control unit acquires the information extracted from an electrical signal obtained by electrically converting the optical signal, and controls the driving condition of the light source, based on the number of bits indicated by the information.3. The optical transmission device according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit monitors an identification number of a maximum subcarrier among the subcarriers claim 1 , the number of bits allocatable to each of the subcarriers being not ...

Optical communication system, method for controlling optical communication, and optical transmitter

An optical communication system includes an optical transmitter that sends an optical signal; and an optical receiver that receives the optical signal. The optical transmitter controls a transmission rate of the optical signal to a first transmission rate corresponding to first reception light power lower than target reception light power of the optical receiver in response to transmission light power control for the optical signal corresponding to the target reception light power.

ORGANOPOLYSILOXANE HAVING AMIDE GROUP, AND COSMETIC MATERIAL CONTAINING SAME

Provided are an organopolysiloxane that exhibits good dispersion stability within not only organic oil agents but also cosmetic materials that contain a powder, and is able to produce a cosmetic material that exhibits excellent skin affinity, an organopolysiloxane that does not impart a sticky feeling, and exhibits excellent skin affinity and skin adhesion, and a cosmetic material including such an organopolysiloxane. The organopolysiloxane is represented by formula (1) below: in which R1 represents a hydrocarbon group such as an alkyl group, R2 represents a group represented by formula (3) or formula (4) below: in which either R4 represents a specific hydrocarbon group and R5 represents a hydrogen atom or a specific hydrocarbon group, or alternatively, at least one of R4 and R5 represents a hydroxyalkyl group, and A represents a group containing an organosilyl group or organosiloxane residue.

Numerical control drive system

In a numerical control system of the invention, a motor drive power converter 1 a comprises input current determination means 12 for comparing an input current found by input current detection means 11 with an allowable current value with respect to less-than, equal-to, or greater-than relation, and acceleration/deceleration command change signal output means 13 for outputting a control signal to a drive unit 2 a , 3 a based on the determination result of the input current determination means 12 . If the input current determination means 12 determines that input current Ii> allowable current value I 0 , acceleration/deceleration command generation means 15 a , 15 b of the drive unit 2 a , 3 a changes an acceleration/deceleration command (lessens the inclination of a speed command), thereby lowering the input current Ii.

Differential M phase-shift modulator

The present invention is a miniaturized differential M phase-shift modulator (M=2n: n is 2 or more) in which a plurality of Mach-Zehnder type light modulators each adapted to output a DPSK-modulated signal light by applying a driving voltage signal are arranged in parallel and that comprises a multiplexing waveguide adapted to output a DMPSK-modulated light by multiplexing outputs of the plurality of the Mach-Zehnder type light modulators, wherein a phase-shift voltage to produce a phase shift difference of substantially 2/M for a plurality of the signal lights multiplexed by the multiplexing waveguide is applied to the plurality of the Mach-Zehnder type light modulators together with the driving voltage signal.

Optical transmission method and optical transmission system utilizing Raman amplification

The present invention has an object to provide an optical transmission technology using Raman amplification wherein a supervisory signal transferred among a plurality of optical transmission apparatuses is superimposed on a main signal light by using a pumping light for Raman amplification. To this end, a Raman amplifier applied with the optical transmission method of the present invention, is provided with a supervisory signal superimposing section for superimposing a supervisory signal transferred among the optical transmission apparatuses on at least one of a plurality of pumping lights of different wavelengths to be supplied to a Raman amplification medium via a multiplexer from a pumping light generating section, thereby transmitting the main signal light propagated through the Raman amplification medium to be Raman amplified, which is superimposed with the supervisory signal.

OPTICAL POWER MONITOR, OPTICAL POWER CONTROL SYSTEM AND OPTICAL POWER MONITOR METHOD

An optical power monitor that detects optical power of respective wavelengths of a signal light in a wavelength multiplexing system, includes: a light emitter configured to superimpose a frequency modulation component on a signal light; a wavelength tunable filter configured to sweep a pass band of the signal light across a wavelength band for a signal light; and a detector configured to detect intensity changes in optical power passing through the wavelength tunable filter with a frequency modulation of the optical power, and to detect an optical power measurement value at a middle point of two points of the intensity changes of the optical power as the optical power of a wavelength to be measured. 1. An optical power monitor that detects optical power of respective wavelengths of a signal light in a wavelength multiplexing system , comprising:a light emitter configured to superimpose a frequency modulation component on a signal light;a wavelength tunable filter configured to sweep a pass band of the signal light across a wavelength band for a signal light; anda detector configured to detect intensity changes in optical power passing through the wavelength tunable filter with a frequency modulation of the optical power, and to detect an optical power measurement value at a middle point of two points of the intensity changes of the optical power as the optical power of a wavelength to be measured.2. The optical power monitor according to claim 1 ,wherein the frequency modulation component is obtained by applying a sinusoidal frequency control signal on a light source with a variable oscillation frequency provided in the light emitter.3. The optical power monitor according to claim 1 ,wherein the frequency modulation component is obtained by superimposing a sinusoidal signal on a drive signal of an optical modulator for data signal modulation provided in the light emitter.4. An optical power control system comprising:an optical power monitor configured to detect ...

MULTI-WAVELENGTH LIGHT SOURCE

Light output from a seed light source generation unit that outputs continuous light having a single frequency or a plurality of frequencies is input by a multi-wavelength light source to an optical circulation unit, and light having a plurality of frequencies that is frequency-synchronized with seed light output from the seed light source generation unit is generated. The optical circulation unit is provided with an optical frequency shifter to shift light frequencies, and includes a circulation circuit to return output from the optical frequency shifter to the input side. On a circulation path, an optical spectral shaper capable of adjusting an optical amount of attenuation for each frequency unit is provided so that optical amount of attenuations are adjusted, and thereby the number and the like of optical frequencies output from the optical circulation unit are changed. 1. A multi-wavelength light source , comprising:an optical frequency shifter to shift a frequency of input light by an amount of frequency shift that has been set;a seed light source generation unit to input light having a plurality of different frequencies to the optical frequency shifter;a circulation path to make output from the optical frequency shifter circulate to an input side of the optical frequency shifter;an optical spectral shaper capable of setting an amount of attenuation individually for light of each frequency output from the optical frequency shifter so as to transmit only light of a set frequency; anda controller to control a frequency output from the seed light source generation unit and the amount of attenuation by the optical spectral shaper on the basis of at least one of a number of carriers, a carrier arrangement, and a carrier frequency interval.2. The multi-wavelength light source according to claim 1 , wherein:the controller controls power of light output from a seed light source generation unit.3. The multi-wavelength light source according to claim 1 , wherein:the ...

OPTICAL MODULATION DEVICE AND OPTICAL MODULATION METHOD

According to an aspect of an embodiment, an optical modulation device includes a Mach-Zehnder modulator and a controller. The Mach-Zehnder modulator is supplied a drive signal and a bias voltage. The Mach-Zehnder modulator modulates inputted light on the bases of the drive signal and the bias voltage. The drive signal selectively is superimposes a predetermined frequency signal. The bias voltage selectively is superimposes the predetermined frequency signal. The controller selects a superimposing target which is the drive signal or the bias voltage so as to change modulation formats.

DQPSK OPTICAL RECEIVER

According to an aspect of an embodiment, a DQPSK optical receiver, comprising: a first LPF connected to a line branching off from between a first optical-electrical converter and a first data recovery circuit; a second LPF connected to a line branching off from between a second optical-electrical converter and a second data recovery circuit; a first LIA for amplifying a signal output from the first LPF and also limiting an amplitude of an output signal thereof; a second LIA for amplifying a signal output from the second LPF and also limiting an amplitude of an output signal thereof; a first mixer for multiplying the output signal from the first LIA by a signal output from the second LPF; and a second mixer for multiplying the output signal from the second LIA by a signal output from the first LPF.

Dispersion-managed optical transmission system

An optical transmission system that alleviates waveform distortions due to nonlinear effects in fibers. A transmitter sends WDM signals to a receiver over a dispersion-managed optical transmission line with in-line optical repeaters. The transmission line is divided into a plurality of dispersion compensation intervals each composed of a main segment and a compensation segment. Chromatic dispersion is managed such that the dispersion compensation intervals have a non-zero net dispersion at every boundary point between them, or such that the number of zero-dispersion boundary points is reduced. The main segment is a series of repeater sections with negative dispersion, while the compensation segment is a single repeater section with positive dispersion. Non-uniform distribution of net chromatic dispersions over the transmission length is achieved by combining repeater section with different average dispersions, dispersion compensation intervals with different numbers of repeater sections ...

OPTICAL RECEPTION APPARATUS

An optical reception apparatus may include a receiver, a monitor, and a controller. The optical reception apparatus receives multi-carrier modulated signal light modulated by a multi-carrier modulation scheme. The multi-carrier modulation scheme is available to allocate different transmission conditions for each of a plurality of subcarriers in accordance with transmission characteristics of the subcarriers. The receiver may receive from an optical transmission line a training signal light allocated with the same transmission conditions for each of the subcarriers. The monitor may monitor the transmission characteristics of the training signal light to detect a frequency at which a dip of the transmission characteristics occurs. The controller may control, based on the frequency detected by the monitor, a dispersion compensation for the multi-carrier modulated signal light having received a dispersion from the optical transmission line.

Multi-carrier optical transmission system, optical transmitter, and optical receiver

An optical transmitter transmits to an optical receiver a multi-carrier modulated signal light by driving a light source with a modulated signal modulated with a multi-carrier modulation scheme. The optical receiver monitors reception characteristic of any of subcarrier signals included in the modulated signal and transmits a monitor result to the optical transmitter. The optical transmitter controls drive conditions of the light source based on the monitor result received from the optical receiver.

Electrical-dispersion compensating apparatus, optical receiving apparatus, and optical receiving method

An optical receiving apparatus branches an optical signal, photo-electric-converts the branched signals, and compensates dispersion in each of the converted electrical signals. Electrical-dispersion compensators respectively compensate the dispersion in the electrical signals using a transversal filter having plural taps. A dispersion control unit controls the dispersion compensation amount for each of the electrical signals by adjusting tap coefficients of the transversal filter. A delay control unit controls the difference in the delay time of the electrical signals by adjusting the tap coefficients adjusted by the dispersion control unit. An identifying circuit identifies data in the optical signal based on each of the electrical signals that have been subjected to dispersion compensation by each of the electrical-dispersion compensators.

Raman amplifier and optical transmission system

The present invention aims at providing a Raman amplifier and an optical transmission system, capable of reducing characteristic deterioration to be caused by excitation lights mixedly existing within a wavelength band of signal lights. To this end, the Raman amplifier of the present invention comprises an excitation light source that generates excitation lights having a wavelength band overlapped with a wavelength band of the signal lights, a multiplexing unit that supplies the excitation lights to an optical transmission path, and an optical filter that suppresses optical components which are included in lights propagated through an optical transmission path and are of the same wavelengths as those of the excitation lights.

Optical transmitter

A signal Data1 and Data2 are output from a DQPSK signal source. The output signal is input to the modulator drivers 1 and 2 of the differential output. A drive signal is applied from the drivers 1 and 2 to a modulator, and modulated light is output. An optical coupler 20 branches modulator output, and a power monitor 21 detects the power of the branched light. A detection result is transmitted to an amplitude control unit 22. The amplitude control unit 22 adjusts the amplitude of the drivers 1 and 2 such that the detection result of the power monitor 21 can be the maximum.

DQPSK optical receiver

According to an aspect of an embodiment, a DQPSK optical receiver, comprising: a first LPF connected to a line branching off from between a first optical-electrical converter and a first data recovery circuit; a second LPF connected to a line branching off from between a second optical-electrical converter and a second data recovery circuit; a first LIA for amplifying a signal output from the first LPF and also limiting an amplitude of an output signal thereof; a second LIA for amplifying a signal output from the second LPF and also limiting an amplitude of an output signal thereof; a first mixer for multiplying the output signal from the first LIA by a signal output from the second LPF; and a second mixer for multiplying the output signal from the second LIA by a signal output from the first LPF.

Method and system for optical fiber transmission using Raman amplification

A variable optical attenuator for attenuating the signal light is provided in an optical fiber transmission line for transmission of signal light while performing Raman amplification, and the attenuation of the variable optical attenuator is adjusted based on the optical power detected at the reception terminal of the optical fiber transmission line.

Dispersion-managed optical transmission system

An optical transmission system that alleviates waveform distortions due to nonlinear effects in fibers. A transmitter sends WDM signals to a receiver over a dispersion-managed optical transmission line with in-line optical repeaters. The transmission line is divided into a plurality of dispersion compensation intervals each composed of a main segment and a compensation segment. Chromatic dispersion is managed such that the dispersion compensation intervals have a non-zero net dispersion at every boundary point between them, or such that the number of zero-dispersion boundary points is reduced. The main segment is a series of repeater sections with negative dispersion, while the compensation segment is a single repeater section with positive dispersion. Non-uniform distribution of net chromatic dispersions over the transmission length is achieved by combining repeater section with different average dispersions, dispersion compensation intervals with different numbers of repeater sections ...

Banknote handling apparatus and banknote handling method

A banknote handling apparatus that performs a depositing handling or a depositing/dispensing handling by transporting banknotes along a transport path includes a recognizing unit that recognizes an inserted banknotes; a deposit acceptability judging unit that determines, based on a recognition result obtained by the recognizing unit, whether the banknotes is acceptable for deposit; a reject reason identifying unit that identifies a reject reason of rejected banknotes that is determined to be unacceptable for deposit by the deposit acceptability judging unit; and a dispensing handling unit that sorts and dispenses the rejected banknotes based on the reject cause identified by the reject cause identifying unit.

Raman amplification optical fiber, optical fiber coil, raman amplifier, and optical communication system

The present invention relates to a Raman amplification optical fiber and the like comprising a structure which can Raman-amplify signal light including a plurality of wavelength components at a high efficiency and effectively restrain signal waveforms from deteriorating due to influences of nonlinear optical phenomena, while improving the degree of freedom in the design of optical fiber transmission lines and Raman amplifiers. As characteristics at each wavelength of signal light, the Raman amplification optical fiber has a chromatic dispersion with an absolute value of 6 ps/nm/km or more but 20 ps/nm/km or less, and an effective area Aeffof 20 μm2or less, preferably less than 15 μm2. More preferably, as a characteristic at each wavelength of signal light, the Raman amplification optical fiber has a Raman gain coefficient GR/Aeffof 0.005 (W·m)−1or more.

Transmission device and setting method

A transmission device connects a plurality of transmission device by a ring network. The transmission device includes a generating unit, a transmission unit, a determination unit, and a setting unit. The generating unit generates a test signal. The transmission unit transmits the generated test signal to a first transmission device provided immediately downstream in the ring network. The determination unit determines whether a transmission characteristic of the own device on the basis of the test signal measured by the first transmission device is acquired from a second transmission device provided immediately upstream by rounding the ring network. The setting unit sets, on the basis of the acquired transmission characteristic when the transmission characteristic of the own device is acquired, a control level related to the transmission performed by the transmission unit.

OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, CONTROLLER FOR WAVELENGTH TUNABLE FILTER, AND CONTROL METHOD OF WAVELENGTH TUNABLE FILTER

There is proved an optical transmission system including: a transmitter configured to transmit an optical signal modulated with a discrete multi-tone (DMT) drive signal; a filter capable of changing a wavelength of the optical signal input from the transmitter; a monitor configured to monitor a power of the optical signal passed through the filter; and at least one processor configured to: set a center wavelength of the filter, shift the center wavelength, detect a change in the power monitored by the monitor, identify a carrier component of the optical signal based on the change in the power, and control a relative relationship between a transmission characteristic of the filter and a wavelength of the carrier component so that the carrier component is included in the optical signal and one of an upper sideband and a lower sideband of the optical signal is at least partially removed by the filter. 1. An optical transmission system comprising:an optical transmitter configured to transmit an optical signal modulated with a discrete multi-tone (DMT) drive signal;a wavelength tunable filter capable of changing a wavelength of the optical signal input from the optical transmitter;a power monitor configured to monitor a power of the optical signal passed through the wavelength tunable filter; andat least one processor configured to:set a center wavelength of the wavelength tunable filter,shift the center wavelength,detect a change in the power monitored by the power monitor,identify an optical main carrier component of the optical signal based on the change in the power, andcontrol a relative relationship between a transmission characteristic of the wavelength tunable filter and a wavelength of the optical main carrier component so that the optical main carrier component is included in the optical signal and one of an upper sideband and a lower sideband of the optical signal is at least partially removed by the wavelength tunable filter.2. The optical transmission system ...

Transmission apparatus and transmission method

There is provided a transmission apparatus includes: a first modulator configured to modulate a first electrical signal to a second electrical signal that is a multicarrier signal including a plurality of subcarriers to which transmission capacities are allocated, respectively; a light source configured to generate light having a predetermined wavelength; a second modulator configured to modulate the light generated by the light source to an optical signal, based on the second electrical signal modulated by the first modulator; and a processor configured to: measure a first frequency distribution of intensity of the second electrical signal modulated by the first modulator, measure a second frequency distribution of intensity of the optical signal modulated by the second modulator, compare the first frequency distribution and the second frequency distribution, and control modulation characteristics of the second modulator according to a result of comparing the first frequency distribution ...

Optical connection switching apparatus and management control unit thereof

An optical connection switching according to the present invention comprises an optical connection switching fabric capable of making a connection between any one of optical input ports and any one of optical output ports, one or more optical transceiving units connected to a part of the optical input/output ports, and a management control unit for controlling the optical connection switching fabric to make a connection between the optical input/output port connected to the optical transceiving unit and the optical input/output port connected to the equipment for acquiring and managing information on the equipment by making a communication with the equipment through the use of the optical transceiving unit. This enables acquiring the information on the equipment having an optical communication interface to be optically connected, thereby automating the connection management of the equipment.

RECEIVING DEVICE AND SENDING DEVICE

A receiving device includes an optical filter, an acquisition unit, a first determination unit, and a filter setting unit. The optical filter transmits an optical DMT signal received from a sending device. The acquisition unit acquires the transmission characteristics of the optical DMT signal received from the sending device. The first determination unit determines a filter frequency of the optical filter that removes a dip from the optical DMT signal on the basis of the acquired transmission characteristics. The filter setting unit sets the determined filter frequency in the optical filter. 1. A receiving device comprising:a filter that transmits a multicarrier signal that is received from a partner device;a measurement unit that measures the transmission characteristics of the multicarrier signal received from the partner device;a determination unit that determines a filter frequency of the filter that removes a dip from the multicarrier signal, on the basis of the measured transmission characteristics; anda setting unit that sets the determined filter frequency in the filter.2. The receiving device according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , based on signal component information corresponding to each allocated frequency in the transmission characteristics claim 1 , the determination unit determines the allocated frequency corresponding to the signal component information having lowered from a reference value by a predetermined level and determines the filter frequency such that the determined allocated frequency serves as an edge frequency of a transmission band of the filter.3. A sending device comprising:a generator that generates a multicarrier signal;a filter that transmits the generated multicarrier signal;a determination unit that determines, based on the transmission characteristics of the multicarrier signal that is measured by a partner device, a filter frequency of the filter that removes a dip from the multicarrier signal; anda setting unit that sets the ...

Transmission apparatus, transmission system, and transmission method

A transmission apparatus includes: an assigning unit that assigns an information signal to a subcarrier with a frequency different from a frequency of a received radio signal; a creating unit that creates a multi-carrier signal, in which information signals are multiplexed, each of the information signals being assigned to one subcarrier by the assigning unit; and a multiplexing unit that frequency-multiplexes the received radio signal to the multi-carrier signal created by the creating unit and outputs a resulting frequency-multiplexed signal.

Wavelength division multiplexing optical transmission system, optical amplifier and dispersion compensator

The present invention has an object to provide a WDM optical transmission system for effectively compensating such as wavelength dispersions of respective wavelength bands, by a simple constitution making use of a hybrid transmission path in case of transmitting a broadband WDM signal light containing a plurality of wavelength bands. To this end, wavelength dispersion characteristics of a hybrid transmission path utilizing a 1.3 mum zero-dispersion SMF and an RDF in the present WDM optical transmission system, are set such that compensation ratios of wavelength dispersion and dispersion slope become approximately 100% for a reference wavelength band which is one of a plurality of wavelength bands; and dispersion compensation fibers capable of compensating wavelength dispersions caused within the hybrid transmission path are inserted into propagation paths, respectively, within an optical amplifier, for the wavelength bands except for the reference wavelength band. In this way, wavelength ...

Optical network system and optical coupling apparatus

In the optical network system, light input to any of the optical input ports of the optical coupler is converted into light at another wavelength via a variable-wavelength optical receiver and an optical sender, and is then reinput to the optical coupler. This arrangement makes it possible to realize a full-mesh optical network system with a simple construction at low costs.

Optical transmitter, optical communication system, and optical transmission/reception control method

An optical transmitter includes an optical modulator to modulate light having a predetermined wavelength into an optical signal based on a data signal, a memory, and a processor coupled to the memory and the processor configured to modulate an input signal into a multi-carrier signal so as to generate the data signal, the multi-carrier signal including a plurality of subcarriers each to which a transmission capacity is allocated, acquire a first frequency distribution of an intensity of the multi-carrier signal, acquire a second frequency distribution of an intensity of the optical signal, control the modulating of the input signal into the multi-carrier signal to change a number of subcarriers of the multi-carrier signal, and control the optical modulator to adjust a modulation characteristic of the optical modulator so that a divergence between the first frequency distribution and the second frequency distribution is equal to or less than a predetermined value.

Multilevel intensity modulation and demodulation system and method

A multilevel-intensity modulation and demodulation system includes: a digital-to-analog conversion unit to convert an output level value of a digital signal into an analog signal; a multilevel-intensity-modulated light transmission unit to transmit an optical signal multilevel-intensity modulated based on the analog signal; a multilevel-intensity-modulated light reception unit to receive the optical signal multilevel-intensity modulated, and convert the received optical signal into an analog reception electrical signal; an analog-to-digital conversion unit to convert the analog reception electrical signal into a reception level value; and a controller to convert a transmission multiple gradation level being one of a plurality of multiple gradation levels of multilevel-intensity modulation to which the digital signal is mapped, into the output level value so as to cause the reception level value to be in a desired reception state, and to receive a digital signal corresponding to a reception ...

TRANSMISSION APPARATUS, TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, AND TRANSMISSION METHOD

A transmission apparatus includes: an assigning unit that assigns an information signal to a subcarrier with a frequency different from a frequency of a received radio signal; a creating unit that creates a multi-carrier signal, in which information signals are multiplexed, each of the information signals being assigned to one subcarrier by the assigning unit; and a multiplexing unit that frequency-multiplexes the received radio signal to the multi-carrier signal created by the creating unit and outputs a resulting frequency-multiplexed signal. 1. A transmission apparatus , comprising:an assigning unit that assigns an information signal to a subcarrier with a frequency different from a frequency of a received radio signal;a creating unit that creates a multi-carrier signal, in which information signals are multiplexed, each of the information signals being assigned to one subcarrier by the assigning unit; anda multiplexing unit that frequency-multiplexes the received radio signal to the multi-carrier signal created by the creating unit and outputs a resulting frequency-multiplexed signal.2. The transmission apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising an obtaining unit that obtains the frequency of the received radio signal claim 1 , whereinthe assigning unit assigns the received radio signal to a subcarrier with a frequency different from the frequency of the received radio signal, the frequency being obtained by the obtaining unit.3. The transmission apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the assigning unit assigns the information signal to the subcarrier so that a non-used frequency band is provided between the frequency of the received radio signal and a frequency of a subcarrier assigned to an information signal next to the received radio signal.4. The transmission apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a notifying unit that notifies a distant apparatus of setting information that includes frequency information about the frequency of the ...

Network configuring apparatus

An optical wiring switching unit includes a first connection interface. A packet switch includes a second connection interface. A resource includes a third connection interface, and is formed with at least one of a server and a storage device. A control device controls the optical wiring switching unit to perform a switching of connection between the connection interfaces. The packet switch and the resource are connected to the optical wiring switching unit via the connection interfaces. A network is configured by connecting the packet switch and the resource with a control of the optical wiring switching unit.

Raman amplification optical fiber, optical fiber coil, raman amplifier, and optical communication system

The present invention relates to a Raman amplification optical fiber and the like comprising a structure which can Raman-amplify signal light including a plurality of wavelength components at a high efficiency and effectively restrain signal waveforms from deteriorating due to influences of nonlinear optical phenomena, while improving the degree of freedom in the design of optical fiber transmission lines and Raman amplifiers. As characteristics at each wavelength of signal light, the Raman amplification optical fiber has a chromatic dispersion with an absolute value of 6 ps/nm/km or more but 20 ps/nm/km or less, and an effective area Aeff of 20 mum<2 >or less, preferably less than 15 mum<2>. More preferably, as a characteristic at each wavelength of signal light, the Raman amplification optical fiber has a Raman gain coefficient GR/Aeff of 0.005 (W.m)<-1 >or more.

Organopolysiloxane having amide group, and cosmetic material containing same

Provided are an organopolysiloxane that exhibits good dispersion stability within not only organic oil agents but also cosmetic materials that contain a powder, and is able to produce a cosmetic material that exhibits excellent skin affinity, an organopolysiloxane that does not impart a sticky feeling, and exhibits excellent skin affinity and skin adhesion, and a cosmetic material including such an organopolysiloxane. The organopolysiloxane is represented by formula (1) below: in which R1 represents a hydrocarbon group such as an alkyl group, R2 represents a group represented by formula (3) or formula (4) below: in which either R4 represents a specific hydrocarbon group and R5 represents a hydrogen atom or a specific hydrocarbon group, or alternatively, at least one of R4 and R5 represents a hydroxyalkyl group, and A represents a group containing an organosilyl group or organosiloxane residue.

METHOD FOR DETERMINING NUMBERS OF BITS ALLOCATED TO SUBCARRIERS AND OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

A bit allocation method is used in an optical transmission system that transmits multicarrier signals of different wavelengths in wavelength division multiplexing. Frequency characteristics of subcarriers included in the multicarrier signals are different between the respective multicarrier signals. The method includes: measuring transmission characteristics of the subcarriers included in corresponding multicarrier signals at different subcarrier frequencies; and determining a number of bits to be allocated to each of the subcarriers included in each of the multicarrier signals based on the transmission characteristics measured at the different subcarrier frequencies. 1. A bit allocation method used in an optical transmission system that transmits multicarrier signals of different wavelengths in wavelength division multiplexing , frequency characteristics of subcarriers included in the multicarrier signals being different between the respective multicarrier signals , the bit allocation method comprising:measuring transmission characteristics of the subcarriers included in corresponding multicarrier signals at different subcarrier frequencies; anddetermining a number of bits to be allocated to each of the subcarriers included in each of the multicarrier signals based on the transmission characteristics measured at the different subcarrier frequencies.2. The bit allocation method according to claim 1 , whereinthe transmission characteristics of the subcarriers included in the corresponding multicarrier signals are measured within respective subcarrier frequency ranges in the measuring process, andthe number of bits to be allocated to each of the subcarriers included in each of the multicarrier signals is determined based on the transmission characteristics measured within the respective subcarrier frequency ranges in the determining process.3. The bit allocation method according to claim 2 , whereinnumbers of subcarriers that belong to the respective subcarrier ...

Optical reception apparatus

An optical reception apparatus may include a receiver, a monitor, and a controller. The optical reception apparatus receives multi-carrier modulated signal light modulated by a multi-carrier modulation scheme. The multi-carrier modulation scheme is available to allocate different transmission conditions for each of a plurality of subcarriers in accordance with transmission characteristics of the subcarriers. The receiver may receive from an optical transmission line a training signal light allocated with the same transmission conditions for each of the subcarriers. The monitor may monitor the transmission characteristics of the training signal light to detect a frequency at which a dip of the transmission characteristics occurs. The controller may control, based on the frequency detected by the monitor, a dispersion compensation for the multi-carrier modulated signal light having received a dispersion from the optical transmission line.

OPTICAL TRANSMITTER AND OPTICAL TRANSMISSION METHOD

An optical transmitter converts a plurality of transmission signals transmitted via a plurality of lanes into a multi-carrier signal and transmits the multi-carrier signal. The optical transmitter includes: a controller configured to generate allocation information that indicates an allocation of sub-carriers to the plurality of lanes according to a bit rate of the transmission signal of each of the lanes and a possible transmission capacity of each of the sub-carriers; and a signal processor configured to convert the plurality of transmission signals into the multi-carrier signal in accordance with the allocation information generated by the controller. 1. An optical transmitter that converts a plurality of transmission signals transmitted via a plurality of lanes into a multi-carrier signal and transmits the multi-carrier signal , the optical transmitter comprising:a controller configured to generate allocation information that indicates an allocation of sub-carriers to the plurality of lanes according to a bit rate of the transmission signal of each of the lanes and a possible transmission capacity of each of the sub-carriers; anda signal processor configured to convert the plurality of transmission signals into the multi-carrier signal in accordance with the allocation information generated by the controller.2. The optical transmitter according to claim 1 , whereinthe signal processor includes a plurality of modulators corresponding to the plurality of lanes, a plurality of converters corresponding to the plurality of modulators, and a combiner,each of the modulators generates a plurality of sub-carrier modulated signals that use the sub-carriers indicated by the allocation information from the transmission signal of a corresponding one of the lanes,each of the converters converts the plurality of sub-carrier modulated signals generated by a corresponding one of the modulators into a time domain signal, andthe combiner combines the time domain signals generated ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING MULTICARRIER SIGNALS

A transmission device includes: a plurality of modulators that respectively generate multicarrier signals from given data; a distributor that distributes input data to the modulators; an optical circuit that multiplexes the multicarrier signals to generate a WDM optical signal; and a controller that obtains allocation information from a receiver of the WDM optical signal and generates a distribution instruction to control the distributor and a bit allocation instruction to control the modulators according to the allocation information. The allocation information is calculated based on transmission characteristics of each subcarrier of the respective multicarrier signals and the allocation information indicates a number of bits of data allocated to each of the subcarriers. The distributor distributes the input data to the modulators according to the distribution instruction. The modulators respectively allocate data distributed from the distributor to the subcarriers according to the bit allocation instruction to generate the multicarrier signals. 1. A transmission device comprising:a plurality of modulators that respectively generate multicarrier signals from given data, each of the multicarrier signals including a plurality of subcarriers;a distributor that distributes input data to the plurality of modulators;an optical circuit that multiplexes the multicarrier signals generated by the plurality of modulators to generate a WDM (wavelength division multiplexed) optical signal; anda controller that obtains allocation information from a receiver that receives the WDM optical signal and generates a distribution instruction to control the distributor and a bit allocation instruction to control the plurality of modulators according to the allocation information, the allocation information being calculated based on transmission characteristics of each subcarrier of the respective multicarrier signals and the allocation information indicating a number of bits of data ...

OPTICAL NETWORK SYSTEM

There is provided an optical network system in which optical signals modulated by each of at least two modulation methods are wavelength-division-multiplexed and transferred, including: an optical transmitter configured to transmit first optical signals modulated by each of at least two modulation methods; an add-drop multiplexer configured to drop second optical signals from wavelength-division-multiplexed optical signals transferred in the optical network system, and add the first optical signals to the wavelength-division-multiplexed optical signals; an optical receiver configured to demodulate the second optical signals corresponding to each of at least two modulation methods; and a controller configured to control wavelengths of the first optical signals, the second optical signals and the wavelength-division-multiplexed optical signals so as to rearrange wavelengths of the first optical signals, the second optical signals and the wavelength-division-multiplexed optical signals so ...

Receiving device and receiving method

A receiving device includes a light source outputting local oscillation light, a detector detecting intermittent input of a burst light signal by using the local oscillation light, a first converter converting the detected burst optical signal into an electrical analog signal, an amplifier amplifying the analog signal according to a gain, a second converter converting the amplified analog signal into a digital signal, and a setting processor setting the gain of the amplifier and a wavelength of the local oscillation light instructed by a control device when setting a communication line with one of transmitting devices transmitting the burst optical signal, wherein, before setting the communication line, the setting processor switches the wavelength of the local oscillation light according to the burst optical signal transmitted from each of the transmitting devices, adjusts the gain of the amplifier and notifies the control device of the adjusted gain.

PON system and subcarrier assigning method

A PON (Passive Optical Network) system, which modulates multiple subcarriers with data of multiple users to output an optical multiplexed signal from a station device, splits the optical multiplexed signal to transmit the split signals to multiple subscriber devices that are provided for each of the users, and demodulates the data of the users at the respective subscriber devices, includes: an obtaining section configured to obtain a transmission characteristic for each of the subcarriers at each of the subscriber devices, by receiving a test signal at the subscriber devices, which is transmitted from the station device; and an assigning section configured to assign one or more of the subcarriers for each of the subscriber devices suited to the transmission characteristics of the assigned subcarriers at each of the subscriber devices.

CONTROL CIRCUIT, COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, AND CONTROL METHOD

A communication system includes a transmitter, a receiver device, and a control circuit. The transmitter transmits an optical signal. The receiver device receives the optical signal. The control circuit reduces a power consumption of the receiver device based on an accumulated chromatic dispersion of the received optical signal. The receiver device includes a receiver, an analog/digital converter, and a digital signal processor. The receiver extracts a signal indicating a complex amplitude of the optical signal. The analog/digital converter converts the signal indicating the complex amplitude into a digital signal. The digital signal processor digitally-processes the digital signal.

OPTICAL TRANSMITTER

A clock signal from a single reference clock is frequency converted, and the frequency-converted signal is input to an equal-interval-optical-frequency-comb generator and a modulator of an optical modulator. By varying the electric frequency of the clock signal input to the equal-interval-optical-frequency-comb generator, frequency intervals of a frequency comb to be generated can be varied, while by selectively employing a particular optical frequency from among the continuous light beams of the generated frequency comb, a frequency comb having unequal intervals can be generated. It is also possible to vary the modulation rate by varying the clock frequency of a driving signal to be input to the optical modulator. By using a clock signal of a single reference clock, the frequency intervals of the frequency comb and the variation of the modulation rate synchronize with each other.

Optical transmitter and control method therefor

The disclosed optical transmitter and control method include performing phase modulation of a light propagating through a corresponding optical path in accordance with a data signal, supplying bias voltages for regulating an operating point of each of phase modulation performed, imparting a predetermined phase difference, supplying bias voltages for phase difference regulation and coupling lights output from the corresponding optical paths. The optical transmitter includes superimposing a pilot signal on either one of bias voltages where the pilot signal has a frequency lower than a frequency of a bit rate of the data signal, and performing a feedback control in accordance with a result of monitoring.

Capacitor component and capacitor component mounting structure

Laminated ceramic capacitors include ceramic layers and inner electrodes that are alternately laminated. The inner electrodes are laminated in the same lamination direction, and a first outer electrode and a second outer electrode are electrically connected to the inner electrodes. In a mounting process, the laminated ceramic capacitors are mounted on a mounting surface such that the inner electrodes are perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the mounting surface.

Communication system

Provided is a communication system capable of suppressing, under communication environment including a plurality of cells, degradation in communication quality and decrease in communication rate and communication capacity due to interference from the other cells. Each of the cells includes a plurality of antenna elements, and performs radio communication with a communication terminal device through the antenna elements. Each of the cells notifies the other cells of settings for measuring channel information on a channel for performing radio communication of its own cell. Each of the cells may notify a communication terminal device being served thereby of the settings for measuring the channel information of its own cell. Here, the communication terminal device measures the channel information based on the settings notified from each of the cells, and reports a result of the measured channel information to a corresponding one of the cells when the result satisfies a predetermined reporting ...

Raman amplifier

A plurality of pump light sources generate plural variations of pump light having different frequencies. A modulation circuit intensity-modulates the plural variations of pump light in the predetermined periods, respectively. A pump light pair whose frequency difference equals a Raman shift frequency are modulated such that they cannot simultaneously enters an emission state. A wavelength-multiplexer wavelength-multiplexes the plural variations of pump light modulated by the modulation circuit. A optical guide device guides the plural variations of pump light wavelength-multiplexed by the wavelength-multiplexer to an optical fiber.

Raman amplifier and optical transmission system using the amplifier

A plurality of pump lights are appropriately located in a wavelength band λ1 to λ3. The width of the wavelength band λ1 to λ3 is wider than a Raman shift amount. Gain is obtained in a wavelength band λ2 to λ3 by the plurality of pump lights located in the wavelength band λ1 to λ2. Gain is obtained in a wavelength band λ3 to λ4 by the plurality of pump lights located in the wavelength band λ2 to λ3. As a result, gain can be obtained in a wavelength band λ2 to λ4. A plurality of signal lights are located in the wavelength band λ2 to λ4. The deviation of gain can be adjusted by controlling the power of each of the plurality of pump lights.

Banknote handling apparatus and banknote handling method

A banknote handling apparatus that performs a depositing handling or a depositing/dispensing handling by transporting banknotes along a transport path includes a recognizing unit that recognizes an inserted banknotes; a deposit acceptability judging unit that determines, based on a recognition result obtained by the recognizing unit, whether the banknotes is acceptable for deposit; a reject reason identifying unit that identifies a reject reason of rejected banknotes that is determined to be unacceptable for deposit by the deposit acceptability judging unit; and a dispensing handling unit that sorts and dispenses the rejected banknotes based on the reject cause identified by the reject cause identifying unit.

HEAT SINK, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

A heat sink including a base section, connection fins, and parallel fins. The base section includes: a first base plate configured to be mounted with a heat generating component on its outer surface; a second base plate disposed to face the first base plate in a parallel manner, configured to be mounted with a heat generating component on its outer surface; and a third base plate disposed perpendicular to the first base plate and the second base plate, which secures the first base plate and the second base plate along a junction line. The base section includes first and second regions arranged in the direction of the junction line. The connection fins are disposed on the first region to connect inner surfaces of the first and second base plates and to be parallel to the third base plate, and the parallel fins are disposed on the second region from an inner surface of the third base plate to be parallel to the first base plate. 1. A heat sink in which heat-releasing fins are provided to a base section , comprising:a base section including a) a first base plate which has an outer surface and an inner surface and which is capable of being mounted with a heat generating component on the outer surface, b) a second base plate which is disposed so as to face the first base plate in a parallel manner, has an outer surface and an inner surface, and is capable of being mounted with a heat generating component on the outer surface, and c) a third base plate which is disposed so as to be perpendicular to the first base plate and the second base plate, secures the first base plate and the second base plate along junction lines, and has an outer surface and an inner surface, the base section also including a first region and a second region which are arranged in a direction of the junction lines;the connection fin disposed in the first region so as to connect the inner surfaces of the first base plate and the second base plate and so as to be parallel to the third base plate; ...

Transmission apparatus and transmission system

A transmission apparatus including: a waveform shaper that performs spectrum correction on an optical signal converted from an electrical signal encoded by OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing); a converter that converts the optical signal on which the waveform shaper has performed the spectrum correction, into the electrical signal; and a nonlinear compensator that compensates for a nonlinear distortion with respect to the electrical signal converted by the converter.

Insulator composition, insulator paste and laminated electronic part

An insulator composition which can be sintered at a relatively low temperature and which exhibits a low dielectric constant and a thermal expansion coefficient suitable for forming an insulator layer of a laminated electronic part contains a crystallized glass composition containing SiO2, MgO and CaO as main components, and Al2O3, an amorphous silicate glass composition, and a ceramic composition. The composition ratio by weight % (SiO2, MgO, CaO) of the main components of the crystallized glass composition lies in a region surrounded by point A (30, 25, 45), point B (30, 5, 65), point C (45, 5, 50) and point D (45, 25, 30) shown in a ternary composition diagram thereof. The thermal expansion coefficient of the insulator composition after sintering can easily be changed by changing the content ratio of the crystallized glass composition, the amorphous silicate glass composition and the ceramic composition.

TRANSMISSION DEVICE, TRANSMITTER, AND TRANSMISSION METHOD

An optical transmitter includes a DMT modulating unit that allocates information signals to SCs and that generates a DMT signal by performing multi-level modulation on each of the information signals allocated to each of the SCs. The optical transmitter includes a mixer that shifts, on the basis of the probe result of the DMT signal and frequency information on a wireless signal that is input, the carrier frequency of the wireless signal so as not to overlap the SC to which the information signal in the DMT signal is allocated. Furthermore, the optical transmitter includes a multiplexing unit that multiplexes the DMT signal received from the DMT modulating unit and the wireless signal in which the carrier frequency has been shifted and outputs the multiplexed signal. 1. A transmission device comprising:a modulating unit that allocates information signals to a plurality of subcarriers and that generates a first signal by modulating each of the information signals allocated to each of the subcarriers;a shifting unit that shifts, on the basis of transmission characteristic information on the first signal and frequency information on a second signal that is input, the carrier frequency of the second signal so as not to overlap the subcarriers to which the information signals in the first signal are allocated; andan output unit that multiplexes the first signal and the second signal shifted by the shifting unit and that outputs the multiplexed signal.2. The transmission device according to claim 1 , wherein the shifting unit shifts the carrier frequency of the second signal to the frequency that is associated with the subcarriers on a high frequency side so as not to overlap the subcarriers on a low frequency side in the first signal.3. The transmission device according to claim 1 , wherein the shifting unit shifts the carrier frequency of the second signal to the frequency that is associated with a free subcarrier in the first signal.4. The transmission device according ...

Method and apparatus for compensating nonlinear distortions in intensity modulation-direct detection system

The embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for compensating nonlinear distortions in an intensity modulation-direct detection (IM-DD) system; wherein the method comprises: calculating, according to nonlinear coefficients and differences between values of an input signal at different time, nonlinear distortions of the input signal, so as to eliminate the nonlinearity distortions. By applying the method and the apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present invention, nonlinear cost of the IM-DD system can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the system capacity.

Optical transmission system, controller for wavelength tunable filter, and control method of wavelength tunable filter

There is proved an optical transmission system including: a transmitter configured to transmit an optical signal modulated with a discrete multi-tone (DMT) drive signal; a filter capable of changing a wavelength of the optical signal input from the transmitter; a monitor configured to monitor a power of the optical signal passed through the filter; and at least one processor configured to: set a center wavelength of the filter, shift the center wavelength, detect a change in the power monitored by the monitor, identify a carrier component of the optical signal based on the change in the power, and control a relative relationship between a transmission characteristic of the filter and a wavelength of the carrier component so that the carrier component is included in the optical signal and one of an upper sideband and a lower sideband of the optical signal is at least partially removed by the filter.

OPTICAL RECEIVING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING DISPERSION COMPENSATION AMOUNT

An apparatus includes a receiver configured to receive a signal that has traveled an optical transmission line without returning output from an optical transmitting device and synchronize with the optical transmitting device in order to demodulate the signal; a dispersion compensator configured to compensate for wavelength dispersion caused by transmission of the signal; an acquisition circuit configured to acquire a transmitting timing at which the signal has been transmitted from the optical transmitting device; a calculation circuit configured to calculate a transmission time period from the optical transmitting device to the receiver from the transmitting timing and a receiving timing at which the signal has been received with the receiver; and an amount setting circuit configured to adjust a dispersion compensation amount of the dispersion compensator in accordance with the transmission time period.

Receiving device and sending device

A receiving device includes an optical filter, an acquisition unit, a first determination unit, and a filter setting unit. The optical filter transmits an optical DMT signal received from a sending device. The acquisition unit acquires the transmission characteristics of the optical DMT signal received from the sending device. The first determination unit determines a filter frequency of the optical filter that removes a dip from the optical DMT signal on the basis of the acquired transmission characteristics. The filter setting unit sets the determined filter frequency in the optical filter.

Raman amplifier and optical transmission system using the same

It is an object of the present invention to provide a Raman amplifier capable of easily reducing the wavelength deviation of a Raman gain while suppressing system performance degradation, and an optical transmission system using such a Raman amplifier. To this end, the Raman amplifier of the present invention supplies, to an amplification medium, first pumping lights arranged at equal wavelength spacing in a signal light wavelength band, which is shifted to a shorter wavelength side in accordance with a Raman shift frequency, and second pumping lights arranged in a wavelength band on a shorter wavelength side and a longer wavelength side than a wavelength band of the first pumping lights, the wavelength and power of which are set so that peak wavelength spacing of the Raman gain in the signal light wavelength band is substantially equal to each other, to Raman amplifies a WDM signal light, and reduces the wavelength deviation of power of the WDM signal light by using a gain equalizer having ...

Capacitor-mounted structure and capacitor

A monolithic-capacitor-mounted structure satisfies Lc>Wc and Lx/Wx Подробнее

Optical switch and network system including the same

The optical switch, having a plurality of ports capable of switching optical signal routes in a network in the form of light, includes a detection means for detecting information in regard to the transmission condition of an optical signal passing through each port; and a control means for exchanging the transmission condition information between each switch and controlling the ports, so as to select one route from among a plurality of routes transmitting the optical signal based on the difference of transmission condition information between the relevant switches. The transmission condition information is the power of the optical signal. When the difference between each switch exists, or when at least one switch intervenes in the middle of the transmission route, by selecting a transmission route which minimizes accumulated differences among the switches, configuring a tree structure conventionally performed through manual operation can be set automatically in an optical network system ...

Device and method for transmitting frame in optical transmission system

A transmission device is implemented in a first node in an optical transmission system in which a frame is transmitted from the first node to a second node via an optical interface. The transmission device includes a decision unit that decides whether a type of a first error correction code used in the first node is the same as a type of a second error correction code used in the second node. When a type of the first error correction code is the same as a type of the second error correction code, the transmission device transmits the frame to which an error correction code used in the first node is added to the second node without terminating the error correction code.

MULTI-CARRIER OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, OPTICAL TRANSMITTER, AND OPTICAL RECEIVER

An optical transmitter transmits to an optical receiver a multi-carrier modulated signal light by driving a light source with a modulated signal modulated with a multi-carrier modulation scheme. The optical receiver monitors reception characteristic of any of subcarrier signals included in the modulated signal and transmits a monitor result to the optical transmitter. The optical transmitter controls drive conditions of the light source based on the monitor result received from the optical receiver. 1. A multi-carrier optical transmission system comprising:an optical transmitter configured to include a light source and to transmit a multi-carrier modulated signal light by driving the light source with a modulated signal modulated by using a multi-carrier modulation scheme; andan optical receiver configured to receive the multi-carrier modulated signal light transmitted by the optical transmitter to demodulate the modulated signal,wherein the optical receiver includes:a monitor configured to monitor a reception characteristic of any of subcarrier signals included in the modulated signal; anda transmission unit configured to transmit a monitor result by the monitor to the optical transmitter, andwherein the optical transmitter includes:a controller configured to control a drive condition of the light source based on the monitor result received from the optical receiver.2. The multi-carrier optical transmission system according to claim 1 , wherein the subcarrier signal to be monitored by the monitor has a frequency at which a change of the drive condition of the light source impacts on a transmission characteristic of the multi-carrier modulated signal light more than any other frequency.3. The multi-carrier optical transmission system according to claim 2 , wherein the frequency to be monitored by the monitor corresponds to a frequency at which variations of a relative intensity noise caused by a change of a drive current of the light source are greater than those at ...

Optical transmission device and optical transmission system

An optical transmission device includes an error correction scheme determining unit, an error correction encoder, a modulation format determining unit and an optical transmitter. The error correction scheme determining unit determines an error correction scheme based on a latency between the optical transmission device and a correspondent device. The error correction encoder generates encoded data by performing an error correction encoding on transmission data using the error correction scheme determined by the error correction scheme determining unit. The modulation format determining unit determines a modulation format based on the error correction scheme determined by the error correction scheme determining unit and transmission characteristics between the optical transmission device and the correspondent device. The optical transmitter generates a modulated optical signal from the encoded data with the modulation format determined by the modulation format determining unit.

Wavelength path switching method, optical communication system, optical communication device, optical repeater, and network management device

At least one of a first device, a second device, and a relay device compensates for wavelength dispersion in a first optical wavelength path. The first or second device changes a wavelength dispersion compensation amount at the first or second device so that wavelength dispersion in a second optical wavelength path is compensated. The relay device changes a wavelength dispersion compensation amount at the relay device so that a total amount of wavelength dispersion of the signal light compensated in the first optical wavelength path does not change substantially with the change in the wavelength dispersion compensation amount at the first or second device. The first optical wavelength path is switched to the second optical wavelength path after the wavelength dispersion compensation amount at the first or second device is changed to a value that can compensate for the wavelength dispersion in the second optical wavelength path.

Optical connection switching apparatus and management control unit thereof

An optical connection switching according to the present invention comprises an optical connection switching facility capable of making a connection between any one of optical input ports and any one of optical output ports, one or more optical transmitting/receiving units connected to a portion of the optical input/output ports, and management control units for controlling the optical connection switching facility to make a connection between the optical input/output port connected to the optical transmitting/receiving unit and the optical input/output port connected to equipment for acquiring and managing information on the equipment by making a communication with the equipment through the use of the optical transmitting/receiving unit. This enables acquiring the information on the equipment having an optical communication interface to be optically connected, thereby automating the connection management of the equipment.

DQPSK optical receiver

According to an aspect of an embodiment, a DQPSK optical receiver, comprising: a first LPF connected to a line branching off from between a first optical-electrical converter and a first data recovery circuit; a second LPF connected to a line branching off from between a second optical-electrical converter and a second data recovery circuit; a first LIA for amplifying a signal output from the first LPF and also limiting an amplitude of an output signal thereof; a second LIA for amplifying a signal output from the second LPF and also limiting an amplitude of an output signal thereof; a first mixer for multiplying the output signal from the first LIA by a signal output from the second LPF; and a second mixer for multiplying the output signal from the second LIA by a signal output from the first LPF.

Wavelength dispersion compensation system

A span between an optical transmitting end station and an optical repeater node, a span between optical repeater nodes, a span between an optical repeater node and a receiving end station, and a span between an optical repeater node and a CN/OADM/HUB node are set as first dispersion compensation sections. Additionally, a span between the optical transmitting end station and a CN/OADM/HUB node, a span between CN/OADM/HUB nodes, and a span between a CN/OADM/HUB node and the receiving end station are set as second dispersion compensation sections. In the first dispersion compensation sections, dispersion compensation is made so that residual dispersion becomes a predetermined negative value. In the second dispersion compensation sections, dispersion compensation is made so that residual dispersion becomes a positive value.

Network configuring device and network configuring method

Before wiring of a physical wiring changing-over switch is switched, a communication suspension instructing unit in a controller sends a signal to instruct IT devices connected to the physical wiring changing-over switch to suspend communications for a certain period of time and hold the communication bit strings to be transmitted in a temporary storage area. The signal is sent via an exclusive control line between the controller and the IT devices.

Device for detecting insulation degradation

The invention is related to a device for detecting insulation degradation in an inverter-driven load device, in particular a motor, the device including: zero-phase current measuring means for measuring a zero-phase current in power-feed lines, provided in the power-feed lines between an inverter device and the motor; and command control means for putting rotation of the motor on standby; wherein the zero-phase current measuring means measures the total of phase currents fed into respective phases so as not to rotate a shaft even when an external force is applied to the shaft during the rotation being on standby, whereby allowing regular detection of insulation degradation without switching over the power-feed lines connected with the load device.

Device and method for network configuration and computer product

In a network, a controller controls a physical-interconnection selection switch and middle switches so as to dynamically change a network topology according to the state of the network. A traffic analyzer detects how the traffic in the network changes. If there is a change in traffic, the controller controls the physical-interconnection selection switch and the middle switches so as to change the network topology to one suitable for the changed traffic.

Alternating copolymer of organopolysiloxane with grycerol derivative and a cosmetic comprising the same

An alternating copolymer comprising a repeating unit of α,ω-organohydrogensiloxane residue (A) and a repeating unit of a glycerol derivative residue (B) having 1 to 11 hydroxyl groups, the copolymer having the number of a repeating unit (AB) of from 2 to 100.

Optical signal processing apparatus, optical signal processing method, and recording medium

An optical transmitter includes a discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation unit that modulates a carrier signal having a specific frequency with an information signal and a carrier signal having a frequency different from the specific frequency with a monitor signal, to generate a DMT modulation signal that multiplexes the information signal and the monitor signal. The optical transmitter includes a laser diode (LD) unit that optically converts the DMT modulation signal to a corresponding optical DMT modulation signal, a frequency extraction unit that extracts a harmonic distortion component of the monitor signal from the optical DMT modulation signal, and a frequency analysis unit. The optical transmitter includes a bias control unit that controls a bias supply unit that adjusts a bias value to be supplied to the LD unit such that the extracted harmonic distortion component of the monitor signal is reduced.

Transmission device, transmitter, and transmission method

An optical transmitter includes a DMT modulating unit that allocates information signals to SCs and that generates a DMT signal by performing multi-level modulation on each of the information signals allocated to each of the SCs. The optical transmitter includes a mixer that shifts, on the basis of the probe result of the DMT signal and frequency information on a wireless signal that is input, the carrier frequency of the wireless signal so as not to overlap the SC to which the information signal in the DMT signal is allocated. Furthermore, the optical transmitter includes a multiplexing unit that multiplexes the DMT signal received from the DMT modulating unit and the wireless signal in which the carrier frequency has been shifted and outputs the multiplexed signal.

Cooling device and power module equipped with cooling device

A cooling device includes a power module incorporating chips that generate heat and having chip arrangement in which a first chip having the largest amount of heat generation and second chips having the second largest amount of heat generation are not adjacent to each other and the first chip is adjacent to any two of third chips having the smallest amount of heat generation, a heat sink, to a base surface of which the power module is closely attached, and flat first and second anisotropic high heat conductors having a thermal conductivity higher than a main body disposed on the surface of the heat sink. The first and second anisotropic high heat conductors are separated into two and disposed under the first chip and under the second chips.

OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING APPARATUS, OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING METHOD, AND RECORDING MEDIUM

An optical transmitter includes a discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation unit that modulates a carrier signal having a specific frequency with an information signal and a carrier signal having a frequency different from the specific frequency with a monitor signal, to generate a DMT modulation signal that multiplexes the information signal and the monitor signal. The optical transmitter includes a laser diode (LD) unit that optically converts the DMT modulation signal to a corresponding optical DMT modulation signal, a frequency extraction unit that extracts a harmonic distortion component of the monitor signal from the optical DMT modulation signal, and a frequency analysis unit. The optical transmitter includes a bias control unit that controls a bias supply unit that adjusts a bias value to be supplied to the LD unit such that the extracted harmonic distortion component of the monitor signal is reduced. 1. An optical signal processing apparatus , comprising:a modulation unit that modulates a carrier signal having a specific frequency with an information signal and a carrier signal having a frequency different from the specific frequency with a monitor signal, to generate a multicarrier modulation signal that multiplexes the information signal and the monitor signal;an extraction unit that extracts a distortion component of the monitor signal from the multicarrier modulation signal modulated by the modulation unit; anda control unit that controls an adjustment unit that adjusts the multicarrier modulation signal such that the distortion component of the monitor signal extracted by the extraction unit is reduced.2. The optical signal processing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the modulation unit modulates claim 1 , with the monitor signal claim 1 , a carrier signal having a frequency on a lower frequency side than a band of the specific frequency of the carrier signal modulated with the information signal.3. The optical signal processing apparatus according ...

Optical device, optical modulation method, and optical transmitter

An optical modulation device including waveform shapers that waveform-shape input data signals in synchronism with a rising or falling timing based on comparison with a reference level of an input clock signal, a multi-level phase modulator that generates a multi-level-phase-modulated optical signal based on the data signals waveform-shaped by the plurality of waveform shapers, and outputs the generated optical signal, and a level ratio controller that varies a relative level ratio of the reference level to an amplitude level of the clock signal input to the waveform shapers, based on the optical signal output from the multi-level phase modulator.

Optical transmission system and method

A plurality of Raman amplifiers are positioned on a transmission line over which a multi-wavelength light is transmitted. Each of the Raman amplifiers uses a plurality of pump lights lambda1 through lambda4. When a fault occurs in a pump light source producing the pump light lambda3 in a particular Raman amplifier among the plurality of Raman amplifiers, the power of the pump light lambda3 is raised in another or other Raman amplifiers.

Optical transmission system using Raman amplification

An optical transmission system that can reduce a difference of Raman gain between each of upstream and downstream lines, in a system configuration in which Raman amplification is performed for both the upstream and downstream lines by a common Raman amplifier. Transmission sections are provided for both the upstream and downstream lines, and when pumping light, generated by a common pumping light source, is supplied to the transmission sections of the one line and the transmission sections of the other line, the negative dispersion fibers having different wavelength dispersion values are applied to the positive and negative hybrid transmission paths used for the transmission sections of each line, so that the length of each negative dispersion fiber is made substantially equal to each other.

Optical transmission system

A plurality of optical repeaters are provided on a transmission line between an optical transmitting station and an optical receiving station. A combined transmission line section is provided between optical repeaters. The combined transmission line section is composed of the first optical fiber, which is a positive-dispersion fiber, and the second optical fiber, which is a negative-dispersion fiber. Signal light is inputted to the first optical fiber in each combined transmission line section. Each optical repeater inputs pump light to the second optical fiber.

Optical modulation device and optical modulation method

According to an aspect of an embodiment, an optical modulation device includes a Mach-Zehnder modulator and a controller. The Mach-Zehnder modulator is supplied a drive signal and a bias voltage. The Mach-Zehnder modulator modulates inputted light on the bases of the drive signal and the bias voltage. The drive signal selectively is superimposes a predetermined frequency signal. The bias voltage selectively is superimposes the predetermined frequency signal. The controller selects a superimposing target which is the drive signal or the bias voltage so as to change modulation formats.

Physical wiring control device, physical wiring control method, and computer product

An optical power information receiving unit receives optical power information transmitted from a power monitor. When it is judged that a new IT apparatus is connected to an optical switch, an optical switch control unit controls the optical switch to connect the IT apparatus and an optical switch control device. A control device port setting unit changes an IP address of an apparatus information acquiring port based on a control device setting address of an address information storing unit. An apparatus information acquiring unit acquires an IP address of the IT apparatus.

Crystalline glass composition for use in circuit board, sintered crystalline glass, insulator composition insulating paste and thick film circuit board

Provided is a crystalline glass composition for use in a circuit board that can be sintered at a temperature of 1100° C. and is endowed with favorable characteristics such as a relative dielectric constant of as low as ½ and a thermal expansion coefficient of as high as 12 ppm/° C. as an electrical insulating insulator for use in a circuit board. The crystalline glass composition contains SiO2, MgO and CaO, the composition ratio of SiO2, MgO and CaO in % by weight falling within an area surrounded by the lines connecting the points A (25, 45, 30), B (25, 0, 75), C (44, 0, 56), D (44, 22, 34), E (40, 19, 41) and F (29, 40, 31) in a ternary phase diagram wherein at least one melwinite, monticellite or calcium silicate crystalline phase is deposited by heat-treating the composition. A ceramic powder having a thermal expansion coefficient of about 6.0 ppm/C or more is sometimes added in the powder comprising the glass composition.

Contact detecting method and an apparatus for the same

Under the conditions that the tool is movable in an X-axial direction for approaching a work W and in a Y-axial direction perpendicular to the X-axial direction, the tool is moved at a specified speed in the X-axial direction to make the tool approach a work W and at the same time the tool is reciprocally moved at a specified frequency and a specified amplitude to detect a load fluctuation component for the tool in the X-axial direction during movement of the tool, and contact between the tool and the work W is detected according to this load fluctuation component.

MOTOR DRIVE CONTROL APPARATUS

A host apparatus includes a command-pattern changing unit. A detector includes a detector-communication-parameter changing unit. A motor drive control apparatus includes a communication-parameter changing unit and a control-gain changing unit. The command-pattern changing unit, the detector-communication-parameter changing unit, and the communication-parameter changing unit change, based on determination of detector communication by a communication-abnormality determining unit, plural communication parameters, control gains, and command patterns, which are determined in advance, in synchronization with one another to control drive of a motor. 1. A motor drive control apparatus comprising:a control-gain changing unit that changes control gains constituted by speed control gains and position control gains;a communication-parameter changing unit that changes communication parameters constituted by a communication period, communication speed, and a reception digital filter;a communication-abnormality determining unit that determines abnormality of a communication state; andan environmental-adaptation control unit that instructs, based on a determination result of the communication-abnormality determining unit, the control-gain changing unit and the communication-parameter changing unit to change the control gains and the communication parameters in synchronization with each other.2. (canceled)3. The motor drive control apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the environmental-adaptation control unit causes the control-gain changing unit and the communication-parameter changing unit to change the control gains and the communication parameters to minimize a number of times of abnormality of the communication state.4. The motor drive control apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the environmental-adaptation control unit causes the control-gain changing unit and the communication-parameter changing unit to change the control gains and the communication parameters to be ...

OPTICAL TRANSMITTER, OPTICAL TRANSMISSION METHOD, AND WAVELENGTH-SELECTIVE VARIABLE DELAYER

An optical transmitter is provided for transmitting a wavelength multiplexed signal comprising an intensity modulation optical signal and a phase modulation optical signal through a transmission line. The optical transmitter includes a bit time difference given signal generator for generating at least two optical signals having a bit time difference therebetween, from the wavelength multiplexed signal. The optical transmitter further includes a wavelength multiplexed signal output unit to which at least two optical signals are input from the bit time difference given signal generator, and which generates and outputs a wavelength multiplexed signal in which the bit time difference was given between the phase modulation optical signal and the phase modulation optical signal. 1. An optical transmission system transmitting a wavelength multiplexed signal through a transmission line , the optical transmission system comprising:a time difference given signal generator which generates a time difference, and give the time difference between an intensity modulation optical signal of a first channel and a phase modulation optical signal of a second channel different from the first channel both of which are included in said wavelength multiplexed signal; anda wavelength multiplexed signal output unit to which said intensity modulation optical signal and said phase modulation optical signal are input from said time difference given signal generator, and which generates and outputs a wavelength multiplexed signal in which said time difference was given between said intensity modulation optical signal and said phase modulation optical signal, whereinsaid time difference given signal generator comprises:a splitter to split said wavelength multiplexed signal into said intensity modulation optical signal and said phase modulation optical signal; anda time difference giving unit to give a time difference between said intensity modulation optical signal and said phase modulation ...

SKEW SUPPRESSION METHOD AND OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

A method for suppressing a skew between a first channel and a second channel in an optical transmission system having a transmitter that transmits an optical signal with the first channel and the second channel and a receiver that receives the optical signal, the method includes: controlling dispersion added to the optical signal to be larger than a specified amount; and controlling a delay time of at least one of the first channel and the second channel in the receiver based on a quality of the optical signal monitored in the receiver to suppress the skew between the first channel and the second channel in the receiver. 1. A method for suppressing a skew between a first channel and a second channel in an optical transmission system having a transmitter that transmits an optical signal with the first channel and the second channel and a receiver that receives the optical signal , the method comprising:controlling dispersion added to the optical signal to be larger than a specified amount;controlling a delay time of at least one of the first channel and the second channel in the receiver based on a quality of the optical signal monitored in the receiver to suppress the skew between the first channel and the second channel in the receiver; andcontrolling a delay time of at least one of the first channel and the second channel in the transmitter based on a quality of the optical signal monitored in the receiver to suppress the skew between the first channel and the second channel in the transmitter.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the specified amount is dispersion at which the delay time of at least one of the first channel and the second channel in the receiver for optimizing the quality of the optical signal does not substantially depend on the skew in the transmitter.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the dispersion is chromatic dispersion or polarization mode dispersion.4. A method for suppressing a skew between a first channel and a second ...

BANKNOTE HANDLING APPARATUS AND BANKNOTE HANDLING METHOD

A banknote handling apparatus that performs a depositing handling or a depositing/dispensing handling by transporting banknotes along a transport path includes a recognizing unit that recognizes an inserted banknotes; a deposit acceptability judging unit that determines, based on a recognition result obtained by the recognizing unit, whether the banknotes is acceptable for deposit; a reject reason identifying unit that identifies a reject reason of rejected banknotes that is determined to be unacceptable for deposit by the deposit acceptability judging unit; and a dispensing handling unit that sorts and dispenses the rejected banknotes based on the reject cause identified by the reject cause identifying unit. 1. A banknote handling apparatus that performs a depositing process and/or a dispensing process by transporting banknotes along a transport path , comprising:a recognition unit that recognizes an inserted banknote;a deposit acceptability judging unit that determines, based on a recognition result obtained by the recognition unit, whether the banknote is acceptable for deposit;a reject reason identifying unit that identifies a reject reason of a rejected banknote that is determined to be unacceptable for deposit by the deposit acceptability judging unit; anda dispensing processing unit that sorts and dispenses the rejected banknotes based on the reject reason identified by the reject reason identifying unit.2. The banknote handling apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:a plurality of storing units that store the banknotes therein based on the denominations thereof; anda storage-error detecting unit that detects an error of each of the storing units,wherein when the recognition unit recognizes the rejected banknote as being proper, and the storage-error detecting unit detects an error in one of the storing units corresponding to the denomination of the rejected banknote, the reject reason identifying unit identifies the reject reason of the rejected ...

OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, PUMP-LIGHT SUPPLY CONTROL METHOD, AND PUMP LIGHT SUPPLY APPARATUS

An optical transmission system for communicating between transmission devices includes a first pump light source that supplies a first pump light, a second pump light source that supplies a second pump light, an optical transmission line that propagates an optical signal between the transmission devices, and a plurality of couplers that form a plurality of zones in the transmission line, the first pump light source and the second pump light source being optically connected to different couplers of the plurality of couplers, the second pump light Raman-amplifying the first pump light in a zone in which the second pump light is input in the transmission line. 1. An optical transmission system comprising:a first optical transmission device configured to transmit an optical signal;an optical transmission line configured to transmit the optical signal to pass therethrough;a second optical transmission device configured to receive the optical signal through the optical transmission line;a plurality of pump light sources each configured to supply a pump light that Raman-amplifies the optical signal by employing the optical transmission line as an amplification medium; anda plurality of optical couplers each configured to make the pump light enter the optical transmission line, the plurality of optical couplers forming a plurality of zones in the optical transmission line in cooperation with the first optical transmission device and the second optical transmission device,wherein, among the pump lights supplied from the plurality of pump light sources, a first pump light that Raman-amplifies a second pump light and the second pump light enter the optical transmission line so as to Raman-amplify the optical signal in different zones out of the plurality of zones.2. The optical transmission system according to claim 1 , wherein the first optical transmission device is nearer to an incidence location from which a pump light with a short wavelength enters the optical ...

Method and Apparatus for Compensating Nonlinear Distortions in Intensity Modulation-Direct Detection System

The embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for compensating nonlinear distortions in an intensity modulation-direct detection (IM-DD) system; wherein the method comprises: calculating, according to nonlinear coefficients and differences between values of an input signal at different time, nonlinear distortions of the input signal, so as to eliminate the nonlinearity distortions. By applying the method and the apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present invention, nonlinear cost of the IM-DD system can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the system capacity. 1. A nonlinear equalizer in an intensity modulation-direct detection (IM-DD) system , wherein the nonlinear equalizer comprises:a calculation module for calculating, according to nonlinear coefficients and differences between values of an input signal at different time, nonlinear distortions of the input signal.5. A receiver claim 1 , comprising: a direct detection unit claim 1 , an analog-digital conversion unit claim 1 , the nonlinear equalizer as claimed in and a data recovery unit claim 1 , whereinthe direct detection unit is configured for performing directly detection on an input signal;the analog-digital conversion unit is configured for performing an analog-digital conversion on the signal detected by the direct detection unit;the nonlinear equalizer is configured for performing nonlinear distortions compensation on the signal converted by the analog-digital conversion unit; andthe data recovery unit is configured for performing data recovery on the signal compensated by the nonlinear equalizer.6. A transmitter claim 1 , comprising: a signal generation unit claim 1 , the nonlinear equalizer as claimed in claim 1 , a digital-analog conversion unit and an intensity modulation unit claim 1 , whereinthe signal generation unit is configured for generating an input signal for transmission according to input data;the nonlinear equalizer is configured for performing ...

CAPACITOR COMPONENT AND CAPACITOR COMPONENT MOUNTING STRUCTURE

Laminated ceramic capacitors include ceramic layers and inner electrodes that are alternately laminated. The inner electrodes are laminated in the same lamination direction, and a first outer electrode and a second outer electrode are electrically connected to the inner electrodes. In a mounting process, the laminated ceramic capacitors are mounted on a mounting surface such that the inner electrodes are perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the mounting surface. 1. (canceled)2. A capacitor component comprising:a first laminate including a plurality of flat or substantially flat plate-shaped first inner electrode plates laminated with dielectric layers interposed therebetween;a second laminate including a plurality of flat or substantially flat plate-shaped second inner electrode plates laminated with dielectric layers interposed therebetween;at least one first outer electrode provided on respective first end portions of the first laminate and the second laminate, and electrically conductive to the first inner electrode plates and the second inner electrode plates; andat least one second outer electrode provided on respective second end portions of the first laminate and the second laminate facing the first end portions and electrically connected to the first inner electrode plates and the second inner electrode plates; whereinthe first laminate and the second laminate include the first inner electrode plates and the second inner electrode plates laminated in the same lamination direction, and are aligned along the lamination direction; anda minimum distance between the first inner electrode plates and the second inner electrode plates is greater than each of an interval between adjacent ones of the first inner electrode plates and an interval between adjacent ones of the second inner electrode plates.3. The capacitor component according to claim 2 , wherein the first laminate and the second laminate are integrated by one of the at least one first outer ...

PON SYSTEM AND SUBCARRIER ASSIGNING METHOD

A PON (Passive Optical Network) system, which modulates multiple subcarriers with data of multiple users to output an optical multiplexed signal from a station device, splits the optical multiplexed signal to transmit the split signals to multiple subscriber devices that are provided for each of the users, and demodulates the data of the users at the respective subscriber devices, includes: an obtaining section configured to obtain a transmission characteristic for each of the subcarriers at each of the subscriber devices, by receiving a test signal at the subscriber devices, which is transmitted from the station device; and an assigning section configured to assign one or more of the subcarriers for each of the subscriber devices suited to the transmission characteristics of the assigned subcarriers at each of the subscriber devices. 1. A PON (Passive Optical Network) system modulating a plurality of subcarriers with data of a plurality of users to output an optical multiplexed signal from a station device , splitting the optical multiplexed signal to transmit the split signals to a plurality of subscriber devices , each of the plurality of subscriber devices being provided for one of the plurality of users , and demodulating the data of the plurality of users at the plurality of subscriber devices , respectively , comprising:an obtaining section configured to obtain a transmission characteristic for each of the plurality of subcarriers at each of the plurality of subscriber devices, by receiving a test signal at the plurality of subscriber devices, the test signal being transmitted from the station device; andan assigning section configured to assign one or more of the plurality of subcarriers for each of the plurality of subscriber devices suited to the transmission characteristics of the assigned subcarriers at the plurality of subscriber devices.2. The PON system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the station device includesa plurality of inverse Fourier transform ...

OPTICAL SIGNAL TRANSMITTING APPARATUS, OPTICAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEX TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, AND OPTICAL SIGNAL COMMUNICATION METHOD

An optical signal transmitting apparatus is disposed in an optical frequency division multiplex transmission system that includes plural nodes that are in an optical transmission path and respectively use a unique frequency to frequency-multiplex information with a carrier wave to transmit the information to an optical signal receiving apparatus in the optical transmission path. The optical signal transmitting apparatus outputs the carrier wave and includes a transmitting unit into which information to be delivered to the nodes is input, the transmitting unit transmitting the information using a frequency that does not overlap the unique frequencies used by the nodes; and a multiplexing unit that frequency-multiplexes output of the transmitting unit and the carrier wave, and sends the frequency-multiplexed output to the optical transmission path. 1. An optical signal transmitting apparatus that is disposed in an optical frequency division multiplex transmission system that comprises plural nodes that are in an optical transmission path and respectively use a unique frequency to frequency-multiplex information with a carrier wave to transmit the information to an optical signal receiving apparatus in the optical transmission path , the optical signal transmitting apparatus outputting the carrier wave and comprising:a transmitting unit into which information to be delivered to the nodes is input, the transmitting unit transmitting the information using a frequency that does not overlap the unique frequencies used by the nodes; anda multiplexing unit that frequency-multiplexes output of the transmitting unit and the carrier wave, and sends the frequency-multiplexed output to the optical transmission path.2. The optical signal transmitting apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe transmitting unit frequency-multiplexes the information to be delivered to the nodes and the carrier wave by applying multi-carrier modulation thereto, and sets a predetermined frequency gap ...

TRANSMITTING APPARATUS, RECEIVING APPARATUS, OPTICAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEX TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, AND OPTICAL SIGNAL COMMUNICATION METHOD

A transmitting apparatus is used in an electrical frequency division multiplex transmission system including nodes that are on an optical transmission path and that respectively frequency-multiplex a sub-carrier of a unique frequency and a carrier wave to transmit information to a receiving apparatus on the optical transmission path. The transmitting apparatus is disposed in each node and includes a determining unit that receives an input of information concerning unused sub-carriers of a transmission signal in the optical transmission path and determines transmission of the information to the receiving apparatus using an unused sub-carrier; an electrical frequency division multiplex transmission unit that using a frequency of the unused sub-carrier determined by the determining unit, modulates the input information to be transmitted to the receiving apparatus; and a coupling unit that adds to the transmission signal in the optical transmission path, a modulated modulation signal. 1. A transmitting apparatus used in an electrical frequency division multiplex transmission system comprising plural nodes that are on an optical transmission path and that respectively frequency-multiplex a sub-carrier of a unique frequency and a carrier wave to transmit information to a receiving apparatus on the optical transmission path , the transmitting apparatus being disposed in each of the nodes and comprising:a determining unit that receives an input of information concerning unused sub-carriers of a transmission signal in the optical transmission path and determines transmission of the information to the receiving apparatus using an unused sub-carrier;a electrical frequency division multiplex transmission unit that using a frequency of the unused sub-carrier determined by the determining unit, modulates the input information to be transmitted to the receiving apparatus; anda coupling unit that adds to the transmission signal in the optical transmission path, a modulation signal ...

BANKNOTE HANDLING APPARATUS AND BANKNOTE HANDLING METHOD

A banknote handling apparatus that performs a depositing handling or a depositing/dispensing handling by transporting banknotes along a transport path includes a recognizing unit that recognizes an inserted banknotes; a deposit acceptability judging unit that determines, based on a recognition result obtained by the recognizing unit, whether the banknotes is acceptable for deposit; a reject reason identifying unit that identifies a reject reason of rejected banknotes that is determined to be unacceptable for deposit by the deposit acceptability judging unit; and a dispensing handling unit that sorts and dispenses the rejected banknotes based on the reject cause identified by the reject cause identifying unit. 1. A banknote handling apparatus comprising:a transport unit that transports a banknote inside the banknote handling apparatus;a recognition unit that recognizes a kind of the banknote which is transported by the transport unit;a plurality of outlets that stack the banknote which is discharged by the transport unit;an escrow unit that escrows the banknote and feeds an escrowed banknote;a control unit that controls the transport unit so that banknotes are transported to at least two transport destinations selected among the escrow unit and the plurality of outlets based on the kind of the banknote.2. The banknote handling apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein one of the plurality of outlets has a function of feeding a banknote stacked therein to the transport unit.3. The banknote handling apparatus according to further comprising:a remaining banknote detecting unit that detects a banknote remaining in each of the plurality of outlets, andwherein the control unit, when banknotes has been escrowed in the escrow unit, selects the transport destination of the banknotes in the escrow unit among the plurality of the outlets based on a detection result detected by the remaining banknote detecting unit.4. The banknote handling apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein ...

OPTICAL TRANSMITTER, OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, AND OPTICAL TRANSMISSION/RECEPTION CONTROL METHOD

An optical transmitter includes an optical modulator to modulate light having a predetermined wavelength into an optical signal based on a data signal, a memory, and a processor coupled to the memory and the processor configured to modulate an input signal into a multi-carrier signal so as to generate the data signal, the multi-carrier signal including a plurality of subcarriers each to which a transmission capacity is allocated, acquire a first frequency distribution of an intensity of the multi-carrier signal, acquire a second frequency distribution of an intensity of the optical signal, control the modulating of the input signal into the multi-carrier signal to change a number of subcarriers of the multi-carrier signal, and control the optical modulator to adjust a modulation characteristic of the optical modulator so that a divergence between the first frequency distribution and the second frequency distribution is equal to or less than a predetermined value. 1. An optical transmitter comprising:an optical modulator configured to modulate light having a predetermined wavelength into an optical signal based on a data signal;a memory; anda processor coupled to the memory and the processor configured to:modulate an input signal into a multi-carrier signal so as to generate the data signal, the multi-carrier signal including a plurality of subcarriers each to which a transmission capacity is allocated;acquire a first frequency distribution of an intensity of the multi-carrier signal;acquire a second frequency distribution of an intensity of the optical signal;control the modulating of the input signal into the multi-carrier signal to change a number of subcarriers of the multi-carrier signal; andcontrol the optical modulator to adjust a modulation characteristic of the optical modulator so that a divergence between the first frequency distribution and the second frequency distribution is equal to or less than a predetermined value.2. The optical transmitter ...

OPTICAL TRANSMITTER, OPTICAL RECEIVER, OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, OPTICAL TRANSMITTING METHOD, OPTICAL RECEIVING METHOD AND OPTICAL TRANSMISSION METHOD

An optical transmitter includes: a digital signal process unit that generates a drive signal for generating multi-carrier signals through a plurality of independent digital signal processes, the multi-carrier signals having a cyclic prefix and to be transmitted by a parallel transmission; a synchronization unit that synchronizes clocks of the plurality of digital signal processes; and an adjust unit that reduces a delay difference of the cyclic prefix between the multi-carrier signals after the parallel transmission. 1. An optical transmitter comprising:a digital signal process unit that generates a drive signal for generating multi-carrier signals through a plurality of independent digital signal processes, the multi-carrier signals having a cyclic prefix and to be transmitted by a parallel transmission;a synchronization unit that synchronizes clocks of the plurality of digital signal processes; andan adjust unit that reduces a delay difference of the cyclic prefix between the multi-carrier signals after the parallel transmission.2. The optical transmitter as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the adjust unit reduces the delay difference of the cyclic prefix based on characteristic of a transmission path in which the multi-carrier signals are transmitted.3. The optical transmitter as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the characteristic of the transmission path includes at least one of a transmission path distance claim 2 , a wavelength dispersion claim 2 , and a parallel number of the transmission path.4. The optical transmitter as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the characteristic of the transmission path includes an accumulated wavelength dispersion value and a transmission delay amount obtained from a wavelength dependency of an SNR of the multi-carrier signals after the parallel transmission.5. The optical transmitter as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the adjust unit reduces the delay difference of the cyclic prefix between the multi-carrier signals after the parallel ...

Transmission control device, transmission system, and transmission method

A transmission control device includes a subcarrier selector configured to select one or more subcarriers for transmitting an error correction code for correcting data, from a plurality of subcarriers having different transmission capacities, each of the plurality of subcarriers used for transmitting either of the data and the error correction code, in accordance with an amount of data of the error correction code and transmission capacities respectively assigned to the plurality of subcarriers.

TRANSMISSION APPARATUS AND TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

A transmission apparatus including: a waveform shaper that performs spectrum correction on an optical signal converted from an electrical signal encoded by OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing); a converter that converts the optical signal on which the waveform shaper has performed the spectrum correction, into the electrical signal; and a nonlinear compensator that compensates for a nonlinear distortion with respect to the electrical signal converted by the converter. 1. A transmission apparatus comprising:a waveform shaper that performs spectrum correction on an optical signal converted from an electrical signal encoded by OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing);a converter that converts the optical signal on which the waveform shaper has performed the spectrum correction, into the electrical signal; anda nonlinear compensator that compensates for a nonlinear distortion with respect to the electrical signal converted by the converter.2. The transmission apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , whereinthe waveform shaper removes at least a part of a spectrum component in one of sidebands of the optical signal to perform the spectrum correction.3. The transmission apparatus as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising:a transmission characteristic measurer that measures a transmission characteristic of the optical signal; anda calculator that calculates a parameter relating to a transmission distance of the optical signal from a result of the measurement;wherein the waveform shaper switches to any one of an operation that removes at least the part of the spectrum component in one of the sidebands of the optical signal and an operation that transmits all bands of the optical signal, depending on the parameter.4. The transmission apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , whereinthe nonlinear compensator is a digital filter based on a polynomial structure of a Volterra series.5. A transmission system comprising:a first transmission apparatus that transmits an ...

Capacitor-mounted structure and capacitor

A monolithic-capacitor-mounted structure satisfies Lc>Wc and Lx/Wx<Lc/Wc, where Lx denotes a distance between a first-lengthwise outermost portion of a first-lengthwise outermost one of first through fourth pads and a second-lengthwise outermost portion of a second-lengthwise outermost one of the pads; Wx denotes a distance between a first-widthwise outermost portion of a first-widthwise outermost one of the pads and a second-widthwise outermost portion of a second-widthwise outermost one of the pads; Lc denotes a distance between a first-lengthwise outermost portion of a first-lengthwise outermost one of external electrodes and a second-lengthwise outermost portion of a second-lengthwise outermost one of the external electrodes; and Wc denotes a distance between a first-widthwise outermost portion of a first-widthwise outermost one of the external electrodes and a second-widthwise outermost portion of a second-widthwise outermost one of the external electrodes.

DRIVE CIRCUIT FOR POWER SEMICONDUCTOR ELEMENT

A drive circuit for a power semiconductor element includes: a voltage-command generation unit that generates a voltage command VGEref, which is a charge command between the gate and emitter terminals of a power semiconductor element; and a subtracter that calculates a deviation voltage Verr between the voltage command VGEref and the voltage between the gate and emitter terminals. The drive circuit also includes: a gate current controller that is input with the deviation voltage Verr and calculates a gate-current command voltage VIGref for determining the gate current that is caused to flow to the gate terminal of the power semiconductor element; a gate-current command limiter that limits the gate-current command voltage VIGref; and a gate-current supply device that is input with an actual gate-current command voltage VIGout and that supplies a gate current to the gate terminal of the power semiconductor element. 1. A drive circuit for a power semiconductor element comprising:a voltage-command generation unit that generates a voltage command, which is a charge command between a gate terminal and an emitter terminal of the power semiconductor element;a deviation calculation unit that calculates a deviation voltage between the voltage command and a voltage between the gate terminal and the emitter terminal of the power semiconductor element;a gate current controller that is input with the deviation voltage, and that calculates a gate-current command voltage for determining a gate current that is caused to flow to the gate terminal of the power semiconductor element;a gate-current command limiter that limits the gate-current command voltage; anda gate-current supply device that is input with an actual gate-current command voltage, which is an output of the gate-current command limiter, and that supplies a gate current to the gate terminal of the power semiconductor element.2. The drive circuit for a power semiconductor element according to claim 1 , whereinthe gate ...

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Provided is a communication system capable of suppressing, under communication environment including a plurality of cells, degradation in communication quality and decrease in communication rate and communication capacity due to interference from the other cells. Each of the cells includes a plurality of antenna elements, and performs radio communication with a communication terminal device through the antenna elements. Each of the cells notifies the other cells of settings for measuring channel information on a channel for performing radio communication of its own cell. Each of the cells may notify a communication terminal device being served thereby of the settings for measuring the channel information of its own cell. Here, the communication terminal device measures the channel information based on the settings notified from each of the cells, and reports a result of the measured channel information to a corresponding one of the cells when the result satisfies a predetermined reporting condition. 1. (canceled)2. A communication system comprising a plurality of cells configuring one or more base station devices , a communication terminal device capable of radio communication with each of the cells , and a concentrator capable of radio communication with each of the cells ,wherein each of the cells notifies the other cells and the communication terminal device of settings for measuring channel information on a channel for performing the radio communication of its own cell,the communication terminal device measures the channel information based on the settings for measuring the channel information that have been notified from each of the cells, and reports a result of the measured channel information to a corresponding one of the cells, andwhen the result of the channel information measured by the communication terminal device satisfies a predetermined condition, each of the cells notifies the concentrator of the result of the channel information measured by the ...

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Provided is a communication system capable of suppressing, under communication environment including a plurality of cells, degradation in communication quality and decrease in communication rate and communication capacity due to interference from the other cells. Each of the cells includes a plurality of antenna elements, and performs radio communication with a communication terminal device through the antenna elements. Each of the cells notifies the other cells of settings for measuring channel information on a channel for performing radio communication of its own cell. Each of the cells may notify a communication terminal device being served thereby of the settings for measuring the channel information of its own cell. Here, the communication terminal device measures the channel information based on the settings notified from each of the cells, and reports a result of the measured channel information to a corresponding one of the cells when the result satisfies a predetermined reporting condition. 1. A communication system comprising a plurality of cells configuring one or more base station devices , and a communication terminal device capable of radio communication with each of the cells ,wherein each of the cells includes a plurality of antenna elements, and performs the radio communication with the communication terminal device through the plurality of antenna elements, andeach of the cells notifies the other cells of settings for measuring channel information on a channel for performing the radio communication of its own cell.2. The communication system according to claim 1 ,wherein each of the cells notifies the communication terminal device being served by the cell of the settings for measuring the channel information of its own cell, andthe communication terminal device measures the channel information based on the settings for measuring the channel information that have been notified from each of the cells, and reports a result of the measured channel ...

BANKNOTE HANDLING APPARATUS AND BANKNOTE HANDLING METHOD

A banknote handling apparatus that performs a depositing handling or a depositing/dispensing handling by transporting banknotes along a transport path includes a recognizing unit that recognizes an inserted banknotes; a deposit acceptability judging unit that determines, based on a recognition result obtained by the recognizing unit, whether the banknotes is acceptable for deposit; a reject reason identifying unit that identifies a reject reason of rejected banknotes that is determined to be unacceptable for deposit by the deposit acceptability judging unit; and a dispensing handling unit that sorts and dispenses the rejected banknotes based on the reject cause identified by the reject cause identifying unit. 1. A banknote handling apparatus that performs a depositing process and/or a dispensing process of a banknote , comprising:a reject reason identifying unit that identifies a reject reason of a rejected banknote that is determined to be an unacceptable banknote for the depositing process;a dispensing processing unit that sorts and dispenses a rejected proper banknote, which can be properly handled after being reinserted, and another rejected banknote into different dispensing destinations each of which has an opening to remove banknotes therefrom; anda notifying unit that notifies information by which a dispensing destination of the rejected proper banknote can be identified.2. The banknote handling apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:a recognition unit that recognizes the banknote;a storing unit that stores the banknote; anda storage-error detecting unit that detects an error of the storing unit,wherein the dispensing processing unit dispenses, when the recognition unit recognizes the rejected banknote as being proper and the storage-error detecting unit detects an error of the storing unit corresponding to the rejected banknote, the rejected banknote as the rejected proper banknote separately from the another banknote.3. The banknote handling ...

WAVELENGTH PATH SWITCHING METHOD, OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, OPTICAL COMMUNICATION DEVICE, OPTICAL RELAY DEVICE, AND NETWORK MANAGEMENT DEVICE

At least one of a first device, a second device, and a relay device compensates for wavelength dispersion in a first optical wavelength path. The first or second device changes a wavelength dispersion compensation amount at the first or second device so that wavelength dispersion in a second optical wavelength path is compensated. The relay device changes a wavelength dispersion compensation amount at the relay device so that a total amount of wavelength dispersion of the signal light compensated in the first optical wavelength path does not change substantially with the change in the wavelength dispersion compensation amount at the first or second device. The first optical wavelength path is switched to the second optical wavelength path after the wavelength dispersion compensation amount at the first or second device is changed to a value that can compensate for the wavelength dispersion in the second optical wavelength path. 1. A wavelength path switching method in an optical communication system including a plurality of optical communication devices that transfer a signal light and an optical relay device that relays the signal light , the method for switching a first wavelength path to a second wavelength path between a first optical communication device and a second optical communication device , the first wavelength path and the second wavelength path being among a plurality of wavelength paths , the first optical communication device and the second optical communication device being among the plurality of optical communication devices , the method comprising:compensating, by at least one of the first optical communication device, the second optical communication device, and the optical relay device that relays in the first wavelength path, for wavelength dispersion in the first wavelength path;changing, by the first optical communication device or the second optical communication device, a wavelength dispersion compensation amount at the first optical ...

OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, METHOD FOR CONTROLLING OPTICAL COMMUNICATION, AND OPTICAL TRANSMITTER

An optical communication system includes an optical transmitter that sends an optical signal; and an optical receiver that receives the optical signal. The optical transmitter controls a transmission rate of the optical signal to a first transmission rate corresponding to first reception light power lower than target reception light power of the optical receiver in response to transmission light power control for the optical signal corresponding to the target reception light power. 1. An optical communication system comprising:an optical transmitter that sends an optical signal; andan optical receiver that receives the optical signal, wherein the optical transmitter controls a transmission rate of the optical signal to a first transmission rate corresponding to first reception light power lower than target reception light power of the optical receiver in response to transmission light power control for the optical signal corresponding to the target reception light power.2. The optical communication system according to claim 1 , wherein:the optical transmitter modulates the optical signal in a multicarrier modulation scheme; andan optical signal sent at the first transmission rate contains less subcarriers than subcarriers contained in an optical signal sent at a second transmission rate corresponding to the target reception light power.3. The optical transmission system according to claim 2 , wherein the optical signal sent at the second transmission rate contains a subcarrier having a frequency higher than frequencies of the subcarriers contained in the optical signal sent at the first transmission rate.4. The optical communication system according to claim 1 , wherein the optical transmitter modulates the optical signal sent at the first transmission rate to have a multilevel degree lower than a multilevel degree of the optical signal sent at a second transmission rate corresponding to the target reception light power.5. The optical communication system according ...

MULTILEVEL INTENSITY MODULATION AND DEMODULATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

A multilevel-intensity modulation and demodulation system includes: a digital-to-analog conversion unit to convert an output level value of a digital signal into an analog signal; a multilevel-intensity-modulated light transmission unit to transmit an optical signal multilevel-intensity modulated based on the analog signal; a multilevel-intensity-modulated light reception unit to receive the optical signal multilevel-intensity modulated, and convert the received optical signal into an analog reception electrical signal; an analog-to-digital conversion unit to convert the analog reception electrical signal into a reception level value; and a controller to convert a transmission multiple gradation level being one of a plurality of multiple gradation levels of multilevel-intensity modulation to which the digital signal is mapped, into the output level value so as to cause the reception level value to be in a desired reception state, and to receive a digital signal corresponding to a reception multiple-gradation-level determined from the reception level value. 1. A multilevel intensity modulation and demodulation system comprising:a digital-to-analog conversion unit configured to convert an output level value of a digital signal to be transmitted into an analog transmission electrical signal;a multilevel intensity-modulated light transmission unit configured to transmit, to an optical transmission system, an optical signal that is multilevel intensity modulated based on the analog transmission electrical signal;a multilevel intensity-modulated light reception unit configured to receive, from the optical transmission system, the optical signal that is multilevel intensity modulated, and convert the received optical signal into an analog reception electrical signal;an analog-to-digital conversion unit configured to convert the analog reception electrical signal into a reception level value; anda controller configured to convert a transmission multiple gradation level, the ...

TRANSMISSION APPARATUS AND TRANSMISSION METHOD

There is provided a transmission apparatus includes: a first modulator configured to modulate a first electrical signal to a second electrical signal that is a multicarrier signal including a plurality of subcarriers to which transmission capacities are allocated, respectively; a light source configured to generate light having a predetermined wavelength; a second modulator configured to modulate the light generated by the light source to an optical signal, based on the second electrical signal modulated by the first modulator; and a processor configured to: measure a first frequency distribution of intensity of the second electrical signal modulated by the first modulator, measure a second frequency distribution of intensity of the optical signal modulated by the second modulator, compare the first frequency distribution and the second frequency distribution, and control modulation characteristics of the second modulator according to a result of comparing the first frequency distribution and the second frequency distribution. 1. A transmission apparatus configured to transmit an optical signal to another apparatus , the transmission apparatus comprising:a first modulator configured to modulate a first electrical signal to a second electrical signal that is a multicarrier signal including a plurality of subcarriers to which transmission capacities are allocated, respectively;a light source configured to generate light having a predetermined wavelength;a second modulator configured to modulate the light generated by the light source to the optical signal, based on the second electrical signal modulated by the first modulator; and measure a first frequency distribution of intensity of the second electrical signal modulated by the first modulator,', 'measure a second frequency distribution of intensity of the optical signal modulated by the second modulator,', 'compare the first frequency distribution and the second frequency distribution, and', 'control modulation ...

ESTIMATION METHOD FOR OPTICAL RECEIVER AND LIGHT SOURCE DEVICE

A method for estimating characteristics of an optical receiver includes: a generating process, a monitoring process, a suppressing process, a guiding process and an estimating process. The generating process generates a modulated optical signal based on an oscillation signal. The monitoring process monitors an optical spectrum of the modulated optical signal or a spectrum of an electric signal obtained by performing optical-to-electrical conversion on the modulated optical signal. The suppressing process suppresses a modulation component of an upper sideband or a lower sideband of the modulated optical signal based on the optical spectrum of the modulated optical signal or the spectrum of the electric signal. The guiding process guides the modulated optical signal in which the modulation component is suppressed to the optical receiver. The estimating process estimates the characteristics of the optical receiver based on an output signal of the optical receiver. 1. A method for estimating characteristics of an optical receiver , the method comprising:generating a modulated optical signal based on an oscillation signal;monitoring an optical spectrum of the modulated optical signal or a spectrum of an electric signal obtained by performing optical-to-electrical conversion on the modulated optical signal;suppressing a modulation component of an upper sideband or a lower sideband of the modulated optical signal based on the optical spectrum of the modulated optical signal or the spectrum of the electric signal;guiding the modulated optical signal in which the modulation component is suppressed to the optical receiver; andestimating the characteristics of the optical receiver based on an output signal of the optical receiver.2. The method according to claim 1 , whereinwhen the optical spectrum of the modulated optical signal is monitored, the suppressing of the modulation component includes an operation of processing the modulated optical signal so as to reduce the ...

TRANSPORT METHOD, TRANSPORT SHIP, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING TRANSPORT SHIP, LANDER, NAVIGATION METHOD, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING COMPONENT OF LANDER, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING LANDER, LANDING METHOD, MONITORING METHOD AND FUEL SUPPLY METHOD

A first step of propelling a transport ship from a low earth orbit or a geostationary transfer orbit to a targeted orbit or a destination with electric propulsion is provided. 114-. (canceled)15. A lander , comprising:a lander interface panel which connects between the lander and a drawer interface panel of a drawer in which a payload is mounted,wherein the lander interface panel includesa voltage output terminal connected to the drawer interface panel to supply a voltage to the payload via the drawer interface panel, anda signal terminal connected to the drawer interface panel to exchange a signal with a controller mounted on the drawer via the drawer interface panel.16. The lander according to claim 15 , comprising:a solar panel;a drive mechanism which changes an inclination of the solar panel with respect to a horizontal plane; anda controller which controls the drive mechanism to change the inclination of the solar panel with respect to the horizontal plane according to time, a position of the sun, or a power generation amount of the solar panel.17. The lander according to claim 15 , comprising:a heat insulating sheet which is folded and stored and can be self-supported when being unfolded from the folded state,wherein the heat insulating sheet is configured to cover an outside of the lander when being unfolded.18. The lander according to claim 15 , comprising:a housing made of graphene or a graphene fiber as a material.19. (canceled)20. A method for manufacturing a component of a lander according to claim 15 , comprising:a step of manufacturing the component of the lander by a 3D printer disposed on a celestial body other than the earth.21. The method for manufacturing a component of a lander according to claim 20 , comprising:a step of melting a broken or damaged component of the lander; and{'b': '3', 'manufacturing a component of a spacecraft by the D printer using the melted material as a raw material in the manufacturing step.'}22. The method for ...

Exploration method, exploration system, probe, hydrogen supply method, and image processing method

An exploration method includes: a step of exploring a natural resource on a satellite, a minor planet, or a planet; a step of acquiring the natural resource detected by the exploration; and a step of storing the acquired natural resource.

Optical transmitter and optical transmission method

An optical transmitter includes an optical modulator configured to modulate light from a light source; and a processor configured to generate a drive signal that is input into the optical modulator. The processor inserts a bias control signal amplitude-modulated at a low frequency, into an analog signal at fixed intervals, to generate the drive signal.

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING FRAME IN OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

A transmission device is implemented in a first node in an optical transmission system in which a frame is transmitted from the first node to a second node via an optical interface. The transmission device includes a decision unit that decides whether a type of a first error correction code used in the first node is the same as a type of a second error correction code used in the second node. When a type of the first error correction code is the same as a type of the second error correction code, the transmission device transmits the frame to which an error correction code used in the first node is added to the second node without terminating the error correction code. 1. A transmission device that is implemented in a first node in an optical transmission system in which a frame is transmitted from the first node to a second node via an optical interface , the transmission device comprising:a receiver configured to receive a frame to which an error correction code is added from a frame generator via a first electrical interface;an optical transmitter configured to transmit the frame received by the receiver to the second node via the optical interface; anda decision unit configured to decide, based on first transmission information indicating a data transmission in the first electrical interface and second transmission information indicating a data transmission in a second electrical interface provided between an optical receiver that receives a frame via the optical interface and a frame termination circuit that terminates the frame received by the optical receiver in the second node, whether a type of a first error correction code used in the first electrical interface is the same as a type of a second error correction code used in the second electrical interface, whereinthe receiver terminates an error correction code that is added to a received frame and guides the received frame from which the error correction code is removed to the optical transmitter when a ...

TRANSMISSION DEVICE AND SETTING METHOD

A transmission device connects a plurality of transmission device by a ring network. The transmission device includes a generating unit, a transmission unit, a determination unit, and a setting unit. The generating unit generates a test signal. The transmission unit transmits the generated test signal to a first transmission device provided immediately downstream in the ring network. The determination unit determines whether a transmission characteristic of the own device on the basis of the test signal measured by the first transmission device is acquired from a second transmission device provided immediately upstream by rounding the ring network. The setting unit sets, on the basis of the acquired transmission characteristic when the transmission characteristic of the own device is acquired, a control level related to the transmission performed by the transmission unit. 1. A transmission device that connects a plurality of transmission devices by a ring network , the transmission device comprising:a generating unit that generates a test signal;a transmission unit that transmits the generated test signal to a first transmission device provided immediately downstream in the ring network;a determination unit that determines whether a transmission characteristic of the own device on the basis of the test signal measured by the first transmission device is acquired from a second transmission device provided immediately upstream by rounding the ring network; anda setting unit that sets, on the basis of the acquired transmission characteristic when the transmission characteristic of the own device is acquired, a control level related to the transmission performed by the transmission unit.2. The transmission device according to claim 1 , further comprising:a measuring unit that measures, when the test signal is received from the second transmission device, the transmission characteristic on the basis of the test signal; andan attaching unit that attaches, to the ...

COOLING DEVICE AND POWER MODULE EQUIPPED WITH COOLING DEVICE

A cooling device includes a power module incorporating chips that generate heat and having chip arrangement in which a first chip having the largest amount of heat generation and second chips having the second largest amount of heat generation are not adjacent to each other and the first chip is adjacent to any two of third chips having the smallest amount of heat generation, a heat sink, to a base surface of which the power module is closely attached, and flat first and second anisotropic high heat conductors having a thermal conductivity higher than a main body disposed on the surface of the heat sink. The first and second anisotropic high heat conductors are separated into two and disposed under the first chip and under the second chips. 1. A cooling device for cooling a power module including first and second chips that generate heat , the cooling device comprising a heat sink including a base surface on which the power module is closely attached and mounted , wherein a main body including the base surface; and', 'first and second high heat conductors that are each configured from a flat anisotropic high heat conductor having a high thermal conductivity in two directions among longitudinal, lateral, and depth directions and having a low thermal conductivity in one direction among the longitudinal, lateral, and depth directions and that have a thermal conductivity higher than a thermal conductivity of the main body,, 'the heat sink includesthe first and second high heat conductors are each configured from a stacked anisotropic high heat conductor having a two-layer structure arranged along the base surface of the heat sink,a first layer is such that a direction in which a thermal conductivity is low is horizontal to a surface of the heat sink,a second layer is stacked such that a direction in which a thermal conductivity is low is horizontal to the surface of the heat sink and is perpendicular to the direction in which a thermal conductivity is low in the first ...

Polarized electromagnet

Polarized electromagnet

Patent JPS6334613B2

Raman amplifier has optical filter to narrow spread of spectrum of pumping light within specific wavelength band, that is then pumped to optical circulator

An optical fiber propagates the wavelength- multiplexed (WM) signal light and pumping light generated from a light source (1a), and for amplifying the WM signal light. An optical filter (1b) narrows the spread of pumping light spectrum, arranged inside the wavelength band of the WM signal light, and outputs the pumping light to an optical circulator (1d).

OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Dispersion compensation multiplexed wavelength luminous optical signal transmission system having reference wavelength positive/negative dispersion compensation and further sections compensating remaining wavelengths.

The optical transmission system propagates a number of wavelength bands over an optical fiber transmission path (3). A first section of transmission line (3a) has positive dispersions and a positive peak with respect to the wavelength bands. A second fibre optic line (3b) has a negative wavelength dispersion. The two lines produce a compensation factor to a reference wavelength. A second set of dispersion units (4) provide a dispersion compensation factor for the rest of the wavelengths.

Nickel electrode for alkaline storage battery

(57)【要約】 【課題】 高温性能に優れ、エネルギー密度の高いアル カリ蓄電池用ニッケル電極を提供する。 【解決手段】 本発明は、ニッケル電極の主活物質であ る水酸化ニッケルに、ＹｂとＬｕを主成分とする希土類 元素の混合物もしくは複合化合物とコバルト化合物とが 添加されていることを特徴とする。そして、前記希土類 元素の混合物もしくは複合化合物対して、Ｙｂ＋Ｌｕ含 有量が酸化物量に換算して３５重量％以上であり、かつ Ｙｂ量／（Ｙｂ量＋Ｌｕ量）の比率が酸化物量に換算し て０．７５以上であることが好ましい。

WAVELENGTH MULTIPLEXING OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, AND OPTICAL AMPLIFIER AND DISPERSION COMPENSATOR APPLICABLE TO THE SYSTEM

RAMAN AMPLIFIER

Optical transmission method using Raman amplification for WDM signal, involves superimposing supervisory signal on pumping light of specific wavelength and transmitting superimposed signal to Raman amplification medium

A supervisory signal is superimposed on a pumping light of specific wavelength and the superimposed signal is supplied to a Raman amplification medium (13). Independent claim are included for the following: (1) optical transmission system; and (2) Raman amplifier.

EMISSION CONTROL APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REPAIRING TRANSMISSION SECTION

OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM AND METHOD

Une pluralité d'amplificateurs Raman (30-1 à 30-n) sont placés sur une ligne de transmission sur laquelle est transmise une lumière à plusieurs longueurs d'onde. Chacun des amplificateurs Raman utilise une pluralité de lumières de pompage ayant des longueurs d'onde différentes. Lorsqu'une défaillance apparaît dans une source de lumière de pompage produisant une lumière de pompage à une certaine longueur d'onde dans un amplificateur Raman particulier parmi les pluralité d'amplificateurs Raman, on augmente la puissance de la lumière de pompage ayant la longueur d'onde considérée dans un autre ou plusieurs autres amplificateurs Raman. A plurality of Raman amplifiers (30-1 to 30-n) are placed on a transmission line over which light at several wavelengths is transmitted. Each of the Raman amplifiers uses a plurality of pump lights having different wavelengths. When a fault occurs in a pump light source producing pump light at a certain wavelength in a particular Raman amplifier among the plurality of Raman amplifiers, the power of the pump light having the length d is increased wave considered in another or several other Raman amplifiers.

OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM AND METHOD

DQPSK optical receiver

According to an aspect of an embodiment, a DQPSK optical receiver, comprising: a first interferometer associated with a first arm; a second interferometer associated with a second arm; first optical-electrical converter for converting an optical signal output from the first interferometer to an electrical signal; second optical-electrical converter for converting an optical signal output from the second interferometer to an electrical signal; a first low pass filter connected to a line branching off from between the first optical-electrical converter and a first data recovery circuit; a second low pass filter connected to a line branching off from between the second optical-electrical converter and a second data recovery circuit; a first limiting amplifier for amplifying a signal output from the first low pass filter and also limiting an amplitude of an output signal thereof; a second limiting amplifier for amplifying a signal output from the second low pass filter and also limiting an amplitude of an output signal thereof; a first mixer for multiplying the output signal from the first limiting amplifier by a signal output from the second low pass filter; and a second mixer for multiplying the output signal from the second limiting amplifier by a signal output from the first low pass filter.

Polarized electromagnet

Optical fibre communications system/repair technique having fibre optic sections with alternate positive/negative fibre optical lengths and damaged section replaced using low dispersion cable

The optical fibre communications system has alternate sections of positive (3a) and negative (3b) dispersion lengths. Where a break occurs and a repair is needed a third type of fibre optic line is used to replace the section using a low dispersion cable.

Patent JPS6161947B2

Process for the optical brightening of non-textile material made of synthetic polymers, optical brightening agent for carrying out this process, and application of the process

Optical modulation device and modulation method with variable modulation format

Method of coloring a synthetic resin with cobalt phthalocyanine

Polarized-wave-multiplexing optical transmitter and control method of polarized-wave-multiplexed optical signal

A polarized-wave-multiplexing optical transmitter including: an optical combiner generating a polarized-wave-multiplexed optical signal by polarized-wave-multiplexing a first optical modulation signal and a second optical modulation signal; an optical power fluctuation portion fluctuating optical power of the first optical modulation signal and the second optical modulation signal periodically; a total-optical-power detection portion detecting fluctuation amount of total optical power of the polarized-wave-multiplexed optical signal; and an optical power controller reducing an optical power difference between the first optical modulation signal and the second optical modulation signal based on detection result of the total-optical-power detection portion; and the corresponding method.

ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAY

Hydrogen storage electrode, nickel electrode, and alkaline storage battery

A hydrogen storage electrode comprising a hydrogen storage alloy in which a rare-earth element which is less basic than La is mixed or present as a constituent element; a nickel electrode comprising nickel hydroxide in which a rare-earth element is mixed or present in the state of a solid solution; and an alkaline storage battery whose nickel electrodes and/or separators are coated with rare-earth element.

Nickel electrode material and production method therefor, and nickel electrode and alkaline battery

A nickel electrode material having a good tap density and being capable of sufficiently reducing discharge reserve, and a production method for the nickel electrode material, and further an alkaline electrode having a high capacity and being excellent in internal pressure characteristics, and an alkaline battery. A nickel electrode material which is an electrode material used in a nickel electrode, wherein an anode material constituting the electrode material consists of anode active material particles mainly containing nickel hydroxide solid solution having nickel hydroxide or a dissimilar element solid-dissolved therein, part of nickel hydroxide being oxidized, and a coating layer formed on the surfaces of the anode active material particles and mainly containing higher cobalt compound having a cobalt oxidation number of at least divalence, the average oxidation numbers of nickel in the anode active material particles and cobalt in the coating layer being 2.04-2.40, the tap density of the anode material being at least 2.0 g/cm3; and a production method therefor. In addition, a nickel electrode using the above electrode material, and an alkaline battery provided with this nickel electrode.

Lighting fixture

【課題】施工作業の作業性の向上を図る。【解決手段】仮保持部材５は、係合部５０と、係合部５０が離脱可能に係合する被係合部５１とを有している。被係合部５１は、第１貫通孔５２０及び第２貫通孔５２１が設けられているベース板５２を有している。第１貫通孔５２０の幅寸法よりも第２貫通孔５２１の幅寸法が短く、第１貫通孔５２０と第２貫通孔５２１は長さ寸法の方向に沿ってつながっている。係合部５０は、主片５００と、主片５００の長手方向の第１端に設けられている引掛片５０１とを有している。主片５００は、短手方向の幅寸法を第２貫通孔５２１の幅寸法よりも短くするように形成されている。引掛片５０１は、主片５００の短手方向に沿った幅寸法を第１貫通孔５２０の幅寸法よりも短く、かつ、第２貫通孔５２１の幅寸法よりも長くするように形成されている。【選択図】 図１１

Polarized electromagnetic device

A polarized electromagnetic device is disclosed having a generally I-shaped magnetic core member, a coil which is wound on the center portion of the core member, a pair of permanent magnets which are arranged in parallel with and outside of the respective end portions of the core member, and mutually confronting first and second armature plate members which are joined together through the pair of permanent magnets, with each magnet at the opposite end portions of the armature plate members in order to provide a spacing for accommodating the core member between the armature plate members, and consequently leaving a gap for relative movement therein. The core member and armature plate members are supported to be swingable relative to each other for movement about a center transverse axis of the center portion of the core member.

Polar electromagnet

Device for detecting insulation degradation

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zur Erfassung von Isolationsabbau in einer wechselrichterbetriebenen Verbrauchervorrichtung, insbesondere einem Motor, wobei die Vorrichtung umfasst: eine Nullphasenstrommesseinrichtung zum Messen eines Nullphasenstroms in Stromzufuhrleitungen, die in den Stromzufuhrleitungen zwischen einer Wechselrichtervorrichtung und dem Motor vorgesehen ist; und eine Befehlssteuereinrichtung, um die Drehung des Motors auf Bereitschaft zu setzen; wobei die Nullphasenstrommesseinrichtung den Gesamtbetrag von Phasenströmen misst, die in jeweilige Phasen eingespeist werden, um eine Welle, selbst wenn eine externe Kraft an die Welle angelegt wird, während die Drehung auf Bereitschaft ist, nicht zu drehen, wodurch eine regelmäßige Erfassung von Isolationsabbau ermöglicht ist, ohne die mit der Verbrauchervorrichtung verbundenen Stromzufuhrleitungen umzuschalten. The invention relates to a device for detecting insulation degradation in an inverter-operated consumer device, in particular a motor, the device comprising: a zero-phase current measuring device for measuring a zero-phase current in power supply lines, which is provided in the power supply lines between an inverter device and the motor; and command control means to set the rotation of the motor on standby; wherein the zero phase current measuring device measures the total amount of phase currents that are fed into respective phases so as not to rotate a shaft even when an external force is applied to the shaft while the rotation is ready, thereby enabling regular detection of insulation degradation without switching the power supply lines connected to the consumer device.

Contact filter bed for purifying rivers

(57)【要約】 【課題】 下端の自由移動が可能な河川浄化用接触濾床 を提供する。 【解決手段】 溝状水路19等の河川の水面２の近傍に一 対の対向架台３を設ける。平行な複数の紐状接触材５へ 直角に所定間隔で複数の棹６を固定する。複数の屈曲可 能な高靱性補強帯８を紐状接触材５と平行に棹６へ固定 する。各棹６の両端を対向架台３に係止する係止手段９ を設け、さらに紐状接触材６及び補強帯８上の隣接棹６ の中間部分に棹６と平行に重錘棒10を固定する。使用時 には、棹６を架台の対３へ係止し、重錘棒10と紐状接触 材５と補強帯８とを自重により垂下・展開させて接触濾 床を形成する。

Driving circuit of power semiconductor element

本發明提供一種閘極電流供給器，係具備有：電壓指令產生部2，用以產生屬於對功率半導體元件1之閘極端子-射極端子間之充電指令的電壓指令VGEref；減法器3，計算電壓指令VGEref與功率半導體元件1之閘極端子-射極端子間電壓的偏差電壓Verr；閘極電流控制器4，接收輸入偏差電壓Verr，而計算決定流通於功率半導體元件1之閘極端子之閘極電流的閘極電流指令電壓VIGref；閘極電流指令限制器19，限制閘極電流指令電壓VIGref；以及閘極電流供給器，接收來自閘極電流指令限制器19之輸出的實際閘極電流指令電壓VIGout，而對功率半導體元件1之閘極端子供給閘極電流。

Nickel electrode for alkaline storage battery

(57)【要約】 【目的】 高温性能および高率放電特性に優れたアルカ リ蓄電池用ニッケル電極を提供することを目的とする。 【構成】 表面がコバルト化合物によって被覆されてい る水酸化ニッケルを主体とする活物質に希土類元素を添 加したアルカリ蓄電池用ニッケル電極とすることで、上 記目的を達成できる。

Detecting method of charging/discharging state of alkaline storage battery

(57)【要約】 【課題】 ニッケル電極を正極とするアルカリ蓄電池の 充放電状態を検知する方法であって、複雑な充電および 放電が入り交じった複雑な動作過程を経た電池の充放電 状態を、高い精度および信頼性をもって検知する方法を 提供する。 【解決手段】 電池の開回路電圧と充放電状態の相関性 に基づいて電池の充放電状態を検知する方法であって、 前記開回路電圧の推定値を、電池の実測電圧から通電履 歴によって生じるニッケル電極のヒステリシス現象に起 因する電圧変動値を除去して算定する。また、充放電状 態と充電過程にある電池の開回路電圧または放電状態に ある電池の開回路電圧との相関性に基づいて検知する。

Raman amplifier

A plurality of pump light sources (11-1 through 11-8) generate plural variations of pump light having different frequencies. A modulation circuit (12) intensity-modulates the plural variations of pump light in the predetermined periods, respectively. A pump light pair whose frequency difference equals a Raman shift frequency are modulated such that they cannot simultaneously enters an emission state. A wavelength-multiplexer (13) wavelength-multiplexes the plural variations of pump light modulated by the modulation circuit (12). A optical guide device (14) guides the plural variations of pump light wavelength-multiplexed by the wavelength-multiplexer (13) to an optical fiber.

DQPSK optical receiver

According to an aspect of an embodiment, a DQPSK optical receiver, comprising: a first interferometer associated with a first arm; a second interferometer associated with a second arm; first optical-electrical converter for converting an optical signal output from the first interferometer to an electrical signal; second optical-electrical converter for converting an optical signal output from the second interferometer to an electrical signal; a first low pass filter connected to a line branching off from between the first optical-electrical converter and a first data recovery circuit; a second low pass filter connected to a line branching off from between the second optical-electrical converter and a second data recovery circuit; a first limiting amplifier for amplifying a signal output from the first low pass filter and also limiting an amplitude of an output signal thereof; a second limiting amplifier for amplifying a signal output from the second low pass filter and also limiting an amplitude of an output signal thereof; a first mixer for multiplying the output signal from the first limiting amplifier by a signal output from the second low pass filter; and a second mixer for multiplying the output signal from the second limiting amplifier by a signal output from the first low pass filter.

Polarization fluctuation compensation device and optical communication system

A polarization fluctuation compensation device, when WDM light received by, for example, an optical reception device includes a polarization scrambled optical signal and a non-polarization scrambled optical signal, collects information related to whether optical signals having respective wavelengths are polarization scrambled, obtains a target value of control parameters which are different from each other, according to the speed of polarization fluctuations in the non-polarization scrambled optical signal based on the collected information, and performs reception processing of the non-polarization scrambled optical signal by using a control parameter set as the target value. As a result, an influence of fast polarization fluctuations generated resulting from an interaction between optical signals having respective wavelengths can be reliably compensated for, thereby enabling to realize excellent reception characteristics.

Patent JPS5760736B2

Public telephone line effective utilizing type facsimile

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

RAMAN AMPLIFIER AND OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM USING THE AMPLIFIER

Device for detecting insulation degradation

The invention is related to a device for detecting insulation degradation in an inverter-driven load device, in particular a motor, the device including: zero-phase current measuring means for measuring a zero-phase current in power-feed lines, provided in the power-feed lines between an inverter device and the motor; and command control means for putting rotation of the motor on standby; wherein the zero-phase current measuring means measures the total of phase currents fed into respective phases so as not to rotate a shaft even when an external force is applied to the shaft during the rotation being on standby, whereby allowing regular detection of insulation degradation without switching over the power-feed lines connected with the load device.

Reforming device of wire coil

(57)【要約】 【課題】 巻き軸方向に落下するコイル状の線材を、周 方向に位相を変えながら内側へ押し込んで稠密に堆積さ せる線材コイルのリフォーミング装置において、簡単な 構造でコイルの稠密化を図る。押し込み部材の出代を容 易に調節する。落下途中で線材が引っ掛かったときの線 材排出を容易にする。 【解決手段】 線材の落下路周囲に揺動式の押し込み部 材３１を周方向に等間隔をあけて配置する。各押し込み 部材３１の後方にクランク式の回転カム３２を配置す る。落下路の周囲に設けた昇降ベース３３の上に、回転 カム３２及びその駆動機構を搭載する。周方向に位相を 違えて回転カム３２を駆動する。昇降ベース３３の昇降 により、押し込み部材３１の出代が調整される。

Peptide derivatives having binding activity to modified low density lipoprotein

The present invention is directed to peptide derivatives represented by the formula (I):

Raman amplifier utilizing pump modulation for expanding gain band width

A plurality of pump light sources generate plural variations of pump light having different frequencies. A modulation circuit intensity-modulates the plural variations of pump light in the predetermined periods, respectively. A pump light pair whose frequency difference equals a Raman shift frequency are modulated such that they cannot simultaneously enters an emission state. A wavelength-multiplexer wavelength-multiplexes the plural variations of pump light modulated by the modulation circuit. A optical guide device guides the plural variations of pump light wavelength-multiplexed by the wavelength-multiplexer to an optical fiber.

Method and apparatus for compensating nonlinear distortions in intensity modulation-direct detection system

The embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for compensating nonlinear distortions in an intensity modulation-direct detection (IM-DD) system; wherein the method comprises: calculating, according to nonlinear coefficients and differences between values of an input signal at different time, nonlinear distortions of the input signal, so as to eliminate the nonlinearity distortions. By applying the method and the apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present invention, nonlinear cost of the IM-DD system can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the system capacity.