CERAMIC-CERAMIC COMPOSITE FILTER

... 2109089 9220638 PCTABS00017 A ceramic fiber-ceramic composite filter having a support composed of ceramic fibers, preferably texturized, a carbonaceous layer thereover, and a silicon carbide coating over the carbonaceous layer and coated on substantially all of the fibers. A strong, tough, lightweight filter is achieved which is especially useful in high temperature gas environments.

Pretreatment of Biomass Feed for Gasification

A process for optimizing a biomass feedstock for gasification for the production of syngas. The biomass feed, which is preferably a lignocellulosic material, is subjected to controlled torrefaction so that the biomass only undergoes a weight loss of about 10% to 15% on a dry ash free basis. This increases the energy density and friability of the so treated biomass and results in higher efficiency on subsequent gasification. 1. In accordance with the present invention there is provided a process for preparing a biomass feedstream for gasification , which process comprises:a) comminuting said biomass to an effective particle size;b) conducting said comminuted biomass to a drying zone wherein at least about 90 wt. % of water is removed thereby resulting in a dried comminuted biomass stream and a first vapor stream;c) passing said dried comminuted biomass stream to a torrefaction zone where it is torrefied at temperatures ranging from about 200° C. to about 350° C., in a substantially non-oxidizing environment and at an effective residence time to result in a weight loss of from about 10% to about 15% on a dry ash-free basis, thereby resulting in a second vapor phase stream comprised of water vapor and small amounts of organic components, and a torrefied dried comminuted biomass stream;d) passing at least a portion of said torrefied dried comminuted biomass stream to a gasification zone;e) venting at least a portion of said first vapor stream to the atmosphere and conducting at least a portion of any remaining first vapor stream to a combustion zone;f) conducting at least a portion of said second vapor stream to said combustion zone and recycling at least a portion of any remaining second vapor stream to said torrefaction zone to act as a sweep gas, wherein said combustion zone is operated at an effective time and temperature that will result in the conversion of at least 99 wt. % of any volatile organic components from said second vapor phase to a hot flue gas;g) ...

Gleichförmig gewebtes Tuch von geringer Durchlässigkeit, seine Verwendung als Filter und seine Herstellung.

Reinforced particle-loaded fibrillated ptfe web

UNIFORM MINIMUM-PERMEABILITY WOVEN FABRIC, FILTER AND PROCESS THEREFOR

Abstract of the Disclosure A high temperature stable woven fiber fabric has uniform gas permeability of less than 1.5 L/M/cm2 and is capable of withstanding at least 10,000 cycles in a Bally? Flexometer test without failure. An untreated fabric is subjected to a sequential process which provides uniform permeability and greater flexibility and acid resistance to the treated fabric. The treated fabric is particularly useful in high temperature applications such as filter elements and furnace curtains.

Method for controlling the peak temperature of a fluid gasification zone

A method for controlling the peak temperature of a fluid gasification zone used for the gasification of carbonaceous materials to a syngas. Pulsed oxygen is used to control the peak temperature of the gasification zone and to avoid hot spots in the gasifier.

REINFORCED PARTICLE-LOADED FIBRILLATED PTFE WEB

A composite article including a particle-loaded fibrillated polytetrafluoroethylene web with a reinforcing screen or scrim partially embedded therein.

Adsorbent for metal ions and method of making and using

CARTRIDGE SORPTION DEVICE

A cartridge absorbing device including a particle-loaded fibrillated polytetrafluoroethylene membrane removes one or more species contained in a fluid as particulate binds the species. The bound chemical species can be recovered by flushing the cartridge device with an eluent.

ELASTIC COMPOSITE YARNS FROM BRITTLE CERAMIC YARNS

The present invention includes a composite yarn, a temperature resistant article stitchbonded with brittle yarn, and an article knitted of brittle yarn. The composite yarn is comprised of a brittle yarn 14 or 24, a flexible, load-bearing yarn 12 or 22, and a flexible wrap yarn 16 or 26 which secures said core yarn and said brittle yarn together. The wrap yarn may be helically wrapped around the load-bearing core yarn and the brittle yarn, or the wrap yarn may secure the load-bearing core yarn and the brittle yarn together with a series of connected loops forming a knitted pillar of chain stitches. The present invention makes possible fabrics stitchbonded with or knitted from brittle yarns made on commercial stitchbonding and knitting machines.

Reinforced particle-loaded fibrillated PTFE web

GLEICHFOERMIG GEWEBTES TUCH VON GERINGER DURCHLAESSIGKEIT, SEINE VERWENDUNG ALS FILTER UND SEINE HERSTELLUNG.

Adsorbent for cesium ion and method of making and using

Pretreatment of biomass feed for gasification

A pretreatment process of a biomass feedstock for gasification for the production of syngas. The biomass feed, which is preferably a cellulosic feed, is subjected to a two stage torrefaction that comminutes the biomass and increases its energy density.

Pretreatment of biomass feed for gasification

A process for pretreating a biomass feedstock for gasification for the production of syngas. The biomass feed, which is preferably a lignocellulosic material, is subjected to torrefaction that increases its energy density, friability, and results in higher efficiency gasification of the torrefied biomass.

Process for producing transportation fuels from syngas

A process for producing transportation fuels, such as gasoline and diesel fuel, from syngas with a low H2/CO ratio. The syngas is first converted to dimethyl ether which is then converted to gasoline by way of a dimethyl ether to gasoline process and to diesel fuel by way of a Fischer-Tropsch process.

Production of methanol from the crude glycerol by-product of producing biodiesel

Production of methanol from a stream of crude glycerol. The crude glycerol is preferably a side product (waste product) that results from the production of biodiesel from vegetable oils and animal fats. The crude glycerol stream is combined with superheated steam and oxygen to produce a synthesis gas that is then passed to a methanol synthesis reaction zone to produce methanol.

GASIFICATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS USING PULSED OXYGEN

A process for the gasification of carbonaceous materials for the product of syngas. Pulsed oxygen is used to maintain the temperature of the gasification zones and to avoid hot spots in the gasification reactor.

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE PEAK TEMPERATURE OF A FLUID GASIFICATION ZONE

A method for controlling the peak temperature of a fluid gasification zone used for the gasification of carbonaceous materials to a syngas. Pulsed oxygen is used to control the peak temperature of the gasification zone and to avoid hot spots in the gasifier.

TWO STAGE PROCESS FOR CONVERTING BIOMASS TO SYNGAS

A two stage conversion process for converting biomass to a syngas, wherein the first stage is a gasification stage and the second stage is a combustion stage. 1. A process for converting a biomass material to a syngas , which biomass material has an organic fraction and an inorganic fraction , which process is performed in a two-stage fluid bed process unit wherein the first stage is a fluid bed gasification stage and the second stage is a fluid bed combustion stage and wherein the two stages are fluidly connected by way of a first conduit having an inlet end and an outlet end wherein the inlet end is located in said combustion stage and said outlet end is located in said gasification stage and a second conduit having an inlet end located in said gasification stage and an outlet end located in said combustion stage; which process comprising:a) introducing an effective amount of a fluidizing gas through at least one set of a plurality of nozzles located at the bottom section of both the gasification stage and the combustion stage to maintain both beds of both stages in a fluidized form;b) introducing an effective amount of oxygen through one or more plurality of nozzles located at the bottom section of said gasification stage to maintain a predetermined temperature of the fluid bed of the gasification stage below the fusion temperature of at least a portion of the inorganic fraction of the biomass material;c) maintaining said bulk fluid bed gasification stage at a temperature from about 1000° F. to about 1800° F. and under net reducing conditions;d) introducing a biomass material, having an effective average particle size, through the inlet of said first conduit and transporting it to said gasification stage wherein at least about 70 wt. % of the organic fraction of said biomass is converted to a syngas product and a particulate solids product;e) conducting at least a portion of said syngas product to a solid/gas separation zone wherein any particulates greater than ...

Reinforced particle-loaded fibrillated PTFE web

A composite article including a particle-loaded fibrillated polytetrafluoroethylene web with a reinforcing screen or scrim partially embedded therein.

Production of biodiesel and a side stream of crude glycerol which is converted to methanol

Production of biodiesel from vegetable and animal oils with conversion of a by-product crude glycerol stream to methanol. The crude glycerol stream is combined with superheated steam and oxygen to produce a synthesis gas that is then passed to a methanol synthesis reaction zone to produce methanol.

MULTI-STAGE PROCESS FOR REMOVING CO2 RELATIVE TO HYDROGEN FROM SYNGAS STREAMS

A multi-stage membrane process for the removal of carbon dioxide from syngas streams containing at least about 5 volume percent carbon dioxide. The syngas is preferably obtained by the gasification of a biomass feedstock.

Multi-stage process for removing CO2 relative to hydrogen from syngas streams

A multi-stage membrane process for the removal of carbon dioxide from syngas streams containing at least about 5 volume percent carbon dioxide. The syngas is preferably obtained by the gasification of a biomass feedstock.

PRETREATMENT OF BIOMASS FEED FOR GASIFICATION

A process for pretreating a biomass feedstock for gasification for the production of syngas. The biomass feed, which is preferably a lignocellulosic material, is subjected to torrefaction that increases its energy density, friability, and results in higher efficiency gasification of the torrefied biomass, ...

PRETREATMENT OF BIOMASS FEED FOR GASIFICATION

A pretreatment process of a biomass feedstock for gasification for the production of syngas. The biomass feed, which is preferably a cellulosic feed, is subjected to a two stage torrefaction that comminutes the biomass and increases its energy density.

Two stage process for converting biomass to syngas

A two stage conversion process for converting biomass to a syngas, wherein the first stage is a gasification stage and the second stage is a combustion stage.

TWO STAGE PROCESS FOR CONVERTING BIOMASS TO SYNGAS

A two stage conversion process for converting biomass to a syngas, wherein the first stage is a gasification stage and the second stage is a combustion stage.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING TRANSPORTATION FUELS FROM SYNGAS

A process for producing transportation fuels, such as gasoline and diesel fuel, from syngas with a low H/CO ratio. The syngas is first converted to dimethyl ether which is then converted to gasoline by way of a dimethyl ether to gasoline process and to diesel fuel by way of a Fischer-Tropsch process. 1. A process for producing at least one transportation fuel boiling range stream from syngas , which syngas is comprised predominantly of hydrogen and carbon monoxide , up to about 20 volume percent of other moieties , substantially no sulfur , and has a hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio of about 1 to about 1.5 , which process comprising:a) reacting said syngas in a first reaction zone in the presence of a bifunctional catalyst, at pressures from about 400 psi to about 1,000 psi and at a temperature from about 150° C. to 400° C. for an effective residence time, thereby resulting in product stream comprised of dimethyl ether, methanol, unreacted syngas at a higher hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio than the feed ratio, water, and carbon dioxide;b) conducting said product stream to a first separation zone wherein the stream is cooled and condensed, thereby resulting in a gaseous product stream comprised of unreacted syngas and a first separated liquid product stream comprised substantially of dimethyl ether, methanol, water and dissolved carbon dioxide;c) conducting said first separated liquid product stream to a second separation zone wherein at least a portion of said carbon dioxide is removed thereby resulting in a second separated liquid product stream comprised of dimethyl ether, methanol, and water;d) conducting said second separated liquid reaction product stream to a third separation zone wherein at least a fraction of the methanol and water are removed, thereby resulting in a third separated liquid product stream comprised of predominantly dimethyl ether;e) conducting at least a portion of said third liquid product stream to a second reaction zone wherein it is ...

FABRIC HAVING UNIFORM MINIMUM PERMEABILITY

Adsorbent for cesium ion and method of making and using

Titanate sorbents for metal ions and method of making and using

A method for removing metal ions from solution comprises the steps of providing titanate particles by spray-drying a solution or slurry comprising sorbent titanates having a particle size up to 20 micrometers, optionally in the presence of polymer free of cellulose functionality as binder, said sorbent being active towards heavy metals from Periodic Table (CAS version) Groups IA, IIA, IB, IIB, IIIB, and VIII, to provide monodisperse, substantially spherical particles in a yield of at least 70 percent of theoretical yield and having a particle size distribution in the range of 1 to 500 micrometers. The particles can be used free flowing in columns or beds, or entrapped in a nonwoven, fibrous web or matrix or a cast porous membrane, to selectively remove metal ions from aqueous or organic liquid.

Elastic composite yarns from brittle ceramic yarns

The present invention includes a composite yarn, a temperature resistant article stitchbonded with brittle yarn, and an article knitted of brittle yarn. The composite yarn is comprised of a brittle yarn 14 or 24, a flexible, load-bearing yarn 12 or 22, and a flexible wrap yarn 16 or 26 which secures said core yarn and said brittle yarn together. The wrap yarn may be helically wrapped around the load-bearing core yarn and the brittle yarn, or the wrap yarn may secure the load-bearing core yarn and the brittle yarn together with a series of connected loops forming a knitted pillar of chain stitches. The present invention makes possible fabrics stitchbonded with or knitted from brittle yarns made on commercial stitchbonding and knitting machines.

Uniform minimum-permeability woven fabric, filter, and process therefor

A high temperature stable woven fiber fabric has uniform minimum gas permeability of less than 2.0 L/M/cm 2 and is capable of withstanding at least 10,000 cycles in a Bally™ Flexometer test without failure. An untreated fabric is subjected to a sequential process which provides uniform permeability and greater flexibility and acid resistance to the treated fabric. The treated fabric is particularly useful in high temperature applications such as filter elements and furnace curtains.

Adsorbent for metal ions and method of making and using

A method comprises the step of spray-drying a solution or slurry comprising (alkali metal or ammonium) (metal) hexacyanoferrate particles in a liquid, to provide monodisperse, substantially spherical particles in a yield of at least 70 percent of theoretical yield and having a particle size in the range of 1 to 500 micrometers, said particles being active towards Cs ions. The particles, which can be of a single salt or a combination of salts, can be used free flowing, in columns or beds, or entrapped in a nonwoven, fibrous web or matrix or a cast porous membrane, to selectively remove Cs ions from aqueous solutions.

Hilos elasticos compuestos de hilos ceramicos debiles.

Zusammengesetztes garn, das ein sproedes keramisches garn enthaelt.