Data receiver with servo controlled delayed clock

One hot counter proxy

Detecting signal behaviour in eye diagram analysis

A description of signal behaviour in the vicinity of a time and voltage of interest is produced by defining a region (A, B, C, D) in the (time, voltage) plane that is a closed straight sided figure whose vertices are identified by threshold crossings offset for the voltage of interest and clocked by time delays offset from a clock time of interest. A first set of latches (59-62) clocked by the time delays accumulates the state of signal behaviour relative to the threshold voltages as it occurs, and their contents are subsequently transferred to a second set of latches (63-66) at the start of a new clock cycle, allowing a new accumulation to begin and also allowing a detection logic circuit to operate on a unified and completed collection of indicators of what the just concluded description amounts to. The detection logic circuit responds to the combinations of latched indications to produce a signal corresponding to that description. The closed figure need not be a rectangle, and it may ...

Measuring bit width by latching signal values from a tapped delay line into a sticky register upon detecting an edge

A system for measuring the width of bit pulses comprises a tapped delay line/time ruler (5, 6, 9) and two registers (10, 11), one for 1's and one for 0's. The length of the delay line is at least the maximum expected bit duration. The register latches are initialised (14) to the bit value whose length they will be measuring and are 'sticky' (17, 18), that is once they have changed value they will not change back until reinitialised. When an edge is detected (A) the delayed signal is latched into the appropriate register. If the preceding bit was a lone 1 or 0 the most delayed elements will have the opposite value and will irreversibly switch the 'far right' latches, otherwise the delayed elements will all match the bit value being measured and the latches will remain unchanged. After a sufficient test period the 'left most' register latches remaining unchanged are used to calculate the bit interval (23).

Positioning the active edge of a clock signal

SEQUENTIAL DEASPHALTING FOR BASE STOCK PRODUCTION

Wiederholungspuffer und Verfahren zum Durchführen einer Wiederholungsoperation unter Verwendung eines Wiederholungspuffers

Es ist ein Verfahren zum Übertragen von Paketen eines Paketstroms in Echtzeit vorgesehen. Das Verfahren umfasst ein sequenzielles Schreiben von Paketen in einen Wiederholungspuffer eines übertragenden Agenten, wobei der Wiederholungspuffer mehrere Kontexte aufweist; ein sequenzielles Übertragen der in den Wiederholungspuffer geschriebenen Pakete an einen empfangenden Agenten, während weiterhin sequenziell zusätzliche Pakete in den Wiederholungspuffer geschrieben werden; ein Empfangen von Bestätigungen von dem empfangenden Agenten, wenn der empfangende Agent die übertragenen Pakete erfolgreich empfangen hat, während die in den Wiederholungspuffer geschriebenen Pakete weiterhin sequenziell an den empfangenden Agenten übertragen werden; ein Empfangen einer Wiederholungsanforderung von dem empfangenden Agenten, wenn der empfangende Agent ein übertragenes Paket nicht erfolgreich empfangen hat; und ein erneutes Übertragen von Paketen von dem Wiederholungspuffer an den empfangenden Agenten, wobei ...

Logic analyser sequencer with proxy state counter value

A sequencer for use in a logic analyser comprises a number of sequencing elements 200 a-h. Each sequencing element processes a de-multiplexed subset 124 a-h of the incoming data 124 and a state counter value 219 to produce a new state counter value 218. The sequencing elements are cascaded such that the output state counter value from one element is passed as the input to the next element. The state counter value passed to the sequencing element is a proxy count made from a low order subset of a counter and a high order bit formed from the high order bits from the counter. The output from the last sequencing element is processed by cleanup logic 302 to produce a new counter value. The state counter value may be decremented by the processing elements based upon the input data.

Current-mode logic differential signal generation circuit employing squelch

An electrical circuit generates both a differential data signal and a "squelch," or "out-of-band," state over a differential signal pair by employing common-mode logic (CML) technology. In one embodiment of the invention, a CML buffer having true and complementary (inverted) data outputs drive the differential data signal onto the positive ('p') and negative ('n') signal lines of the differential pair. To implement the squelch state, the true and complementary outputs of a two-input CML multiplexer are coupled with the corresponding outputs of the buffer. The data inputs of the multiplexer are driven by the data input signal driving the buffer, as well as the logical inversion of the data input signal. A squelch state signal then drives an input selector of the multiplexer to impress the squelch state over the differential signal pair when active.

A sequencer for a logic analyser

A demultiplexer (122, Fig. 1) of a logic analyser accepts incoming digital data (106) from a device under test (108). Resource generator (123) accepts de-multiplexed data (126) and compares it against patterns (125) and generates de-multiplexed resources (124) for sequencer (102). The sequencer is a programmable state machine that makes decisions based upon patterns in the incoming data. Sequencer (102) comprises plural sequencing elements (200, Fig. 2) arranged in cascaded combination. Each sequencing element comprises a plurality of look-up tables 201-204. Each look-up table is configured to determine a next possible state 205-208 for each of four possible previous states based on its inputs 124a. A sequencer multiplexer 217 selects an actual next state 218 from among the next possible states 205-208 based upon an actual previous state 219. Final determination of the actual next state 218, therefore, is a matter of multiplexer selection which is faster than the look-up table operation ...

Unit interval discovery for a bus receiver

A sequencer for use in a logic analyser

An apparatus for sequencing data, comprising a plurality of sequencer elements coupled in a ripple formation. The incoming data is de-multiplexed so that each sequence element processes a subset of the original data. Each sequence element also processes a counter proxy that represents a sequence counter. Its value comprises a 1-hot representation of the low-order counter subset if the high-order counter subset is zero, and the low-order counter subset plus eight if the high-order counter subset is at least one. The processing of the counter proxy can consist of decrementing, maintaining or resetting the count value, wherein decrementing consists of shifting the one hot counter proxy towards the least significant bit.

SEQUENCER FOR PROCESSING ONE HOT COUNTER PROXY REPRESENTING SEQUENCER COUNTER AND SEQUENCING METHOD

PURPOSE: A sequence and a sequencing method are provided to improve speed according to progress of technologies and promote speed improvement by being operated in the speed for inputted digital data. CONSTITUTION: The sequencer(102) includes at least two sequencing devices(200a-200h) having a rippled combination. Each sequencing device processes a subset of the inputted data demultiplexed through a single resource cycle and processes a counter proxy. The counter proxy represents the sequencer counter, and includes one hot representation for a low degree counter subset assigned to '8' in case that a high degree counter subset is at least '1' and '0'. The sequencing device receives count-in and ripples count-out to the next sequencing device. © KIPO 2006 ...

SEQUENCER OPERATED AT HIGH-SPEED CORRESPONDING TO INPUTTED DIGITAL DATA AND SEQUENCING METHOD

PURPOSE: A sequencer and a sequencing method are provided to improve operation speed by performing an operation at speed for inputted digital data with at least two sequencing devices and a sequencer multiplexer. CONSTITUTION: At least two sequencing devices(200a-200h) have a cascaded combination. Each sequencing device processes a subset of demultiplexed inputted data during a single resource cycle and processes a counter proxy for each subset of the demultiplexed inputted data. A counter represents a sequence counter. The counter proxy includes the low order counter subset and a proxy bit includes a separate combination of a high bit subset. A counter clean-up logic keeps coherency of the counter based on a value of the counter when the resource cycle is started and the value of the counter proxy when the resource cycle is terminated in preparation of the next resource cycle. © KIPO 2006 ...

Einheitsintervallentdeckung für einen Busempfänger

Ein Busdatensignal wird an eine Datenverzögerungsleitung mit Abgriffen ausgewählter Schrittgröße angelegt, deren Gesamtverzögerung zumindest ein (Maximum) Einheitsintervall ist. Die verschiedenen zunehmend verzögerten Datenwerte, die an den Abgriffen der Verzögerungsleitung vorliegen, werden in jeweilige Zellen eines Klebrige-NULLen-Registers getaktet, das vorher auf nur EINSen initialisiert wird und in jeweilige Zellen eines Klebrige-EINSen-Registers, das vorher auf nur NULLen initialisiert wird. Das Klebrige-NULLen-Register SZERO misst UI (EINS), was das Einheitsintervall einer EINS ist. Angenommen, dass die aktive Flanke eines Bussignals die ansteigende Flanke ist, wird die Inversion des ausgewählten Datensignals verwendet, um SZERO zu takten, während das nicht-invertierte Signal SONE taktet. Über eine Zeitperiode nach der Initialisierung kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass das Datensignal isolierte EINSen erfährt (d. h. eine einzige EINS mit NULLen davor und danach) und gleichzeitig ...

Bounding box signal detector

A description of signal behavior in the vicinity of a time and voltage of interest is produced by defining a region in the (time, voltage) plane that is a closed straight sided figure whose vertices are identified by threshold crossings offset for the voltage of interest and clocked by time delays offset from a clock time of interest. A first set of latches clocked by the time delays accumulates the state of signal behavior relative to the threshold voltages as it occurs, and their contents are subsequently transferred to a second set of latches at the start of a new clock cycle, allowing a new accumulation to begin and also allowing a detection logic circuit to operate on a unified and completed collection of indicators of what the just concluded description amounts to. The detection logic circuit responds to the combinations of latched indications to produce a signal corresponding to that description. The closed figure need not be a rectangle, and it may also serve as an indication that ...

Datenempfänger mit servogesteuertem verzögertem Takt

Verfahren zum Positionieren der aktiven Flanke eines Taktsignals (23) in dem Einheitsintervall eines Datensignals (2), wobei das Verfahren folgende Schritte umfasst: (a) Messen des Einheitsintervalls des Datensignals in Einheiten von ΔT durch: (a1) Anlegen des Datensignals an eine Verzögerungsleitung (6, 24) mit Abgriffen, die um ΔT versetzt sind, wobei die Gesamtverzögerung der Verzögerungsleitung zumindest so lang ist wie das Einheitsintervall (a2) Latchen (11, 12) der logischen Werte, die an aufeinanderfolgenden Abgriffen, die um 2ΔT versetzt sind, erscheinen, bei einem Übergang des logischen Werts des Datensignals; (a3) Erzeugen (20) eines gemessenen Einheitsintervallsignals, das die Länge des Einheitsintervalls bezüglich der Anzahl von aufeinanderfolgenden Latches mit dem gleichen logischen Wert, der in Schritt (a2) gelatcht wird, anzeigt; (b) Verzögern (50, 51) eines Taktsignals (23) in Einheiten von ΔT und um einen ausgewählten Betrag; (c) Messen in Einheiten von ΔT, wo in dem Einheitsintervall ...

Datenempfänger mit servogesteuertem verzögertem Takt

Ein Zeitmaßstab wird verwendet, um das Einheitsintervall (UI) für ein Datensignal periodisch zu entdecken, das sich nicht abrupt ändert, sondern im Verlauf der Zeit und mit verschiedenen Parametern driftet. Der gleiche Zeitmaßstab kann auch zu anderen Zeiten verwendet werden, um zu bestimmen, wo in dem gemessenen UI die Daten getaktet werden (Taktphase). Da die aktuelle Größe des UI somit durch Entdeckung bekannt ist, kann das Taktsignal einstellbar verzögert werden, ansprechend auf ein Fehlersignal, um die aktive Flanke desselben in der Mitte des gemessenen UI zu halten. Das verzögerte Taktsignal kann von einer Taktverzögerungsleitung erzeugt werden, deren Schrittgröße mit der Schrittgröße des Zeitmaßstabs kooperiert und die Stufen von Taktverzögerungen als eine Funktion des Fehlersignals einfügen und entfernen kann. Das Fehlersignal ist eine verschobene Version einer Sammlung von XORs, die von gelatchten Taktphasen-Informationen abgeleitet werden, die durch den Zeitmaßstab erzeugt werden ...

SEQUENCER OPERATED AT HIGH-SPEED CORRESPONDING TO INPUTTED DIGITAL DATA AND SEQUENCING METHOD

PURPOSE: A sequencer and a sequencing method are provided to promote speed improvement by performing an operation at speed for inputted digital data with at least two sequencing devices and a sequencer multiplexer. CONSTITUTION: At least two sequencing devices(102) have a cascaded combination. Each sequencing device includes multiple lookup tables. Each lookup table receives resource and respectively provides an available next state to the resource. The available next state is related to a different previous state of the sequencer. The sequencer multiplexer receives the available next state and outputs one of the available next states as the real next state based on the real previous state. The resource includes the demultiplexed inputted digital data. © KIPO 2006 ...

Begrenzungskastensignal-Detektor

Eine Beschreibung des Signalverhaltens in der Nähe einer Zeit und Spannung von Interesse wird erzeugt durch Definieren einer Region in der (Zeit-, Spannungs-) Ebene, die eine geschlossene geradseitige Figur ist, deren Scheitelpunkte durch Schwellenüberkreuzungen identifiziert sind, versetzt für die Spannung von Interesse und getaktet durch die Zeitverzögerungen, versetzt von einer Taktzeit von Interesse. Ein erster Satz von Latches, getaktet durch die Zeitverzögerung, akkumuliert das Signalzustandsverhalten relativ zu den Schwellenspannungen, wenn es auftritt, und ihre Inhalte werden nachfolgend zu einem zweiten Satz von Latches an dem Start eines neuen Taktzyklus übertragen, wodurch ermöglicht wird, dass eine neue Akkumulation beginnt, und ferner ermöglicht wird, dass eine Erfassungslogikschaltung an einer zusammengeführten und vervollständigten Sammlung von Indikatoren darüber wirksam ist, was die soeben zusammengefasste Beschreibung ergibt. Die Erfassungslogikschaltung spricht auf die ...

Regenerator probe

A probe apparatus has first and second access ports and a measurement port. The first and second access ports are adapted to be interposed in a test circuit. A voltage amplifier and a voltage splitter are adapted to present the second access port and the measurement port each with a voltage representative of a voltage received by the first access port.

Regenerator probe

A probe apparatus has first and second access ports and a measurement port. The first and second access ports are adapted to be interposed in a test circuit. A voltage amplifier and a voltage splitter are adapted to present the second access port and the measurement port each with a voltage representative of a voltage received by the first access port.

Retry buffer and method of performing retry operation using retry buffer

A method is provided for transmitting packets of a packet stream in real-time. The method includes sequentially writing packets in a retry buffer of a transmitting agent, the retry buffer including multiple contexts; sequentially transmitting the packets written in the retry buffer to a receiving agent, while continuing to sequentially write additional packets the retry buffer; receiving acknowledgements from the receiving agent when the receiving agent has successfully received the transmitted packets, while continuing to sequentially transmit the packets written in the retry buffer to the receive agent; receiving a retry request from the receiving agent when the receiving agent has not successfully received a transmitted packet; and retransmitting packets from the retry buffer to the receiving agent beginning with the transmitted packet not successfully received by the receiving agent, which resulted in the retry request, while continuing to sequentially write additional packets received ...

SEQUENCER AND METHOD FOR SEQUENCING

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sequencer operable at a speed of arriving digital data. SOLUTION: This sequencer is provided with at least two sequencing elements combined together via cascade connection and provided with a plurality of lookup tables, each of which accepts resources and provides individual possible next states associated with the different previous conditions of the sequencing elements based on the resources, and a sequence multiplexer receiving the possible next states and presenting one of the possible next states to a sequencing multiplexer output as an actual next state based on the actual previous state. The sequencer is constituted so that an actual next state of one of the sequencing elements is an actual previous state of the other sequencing element. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI ...

Unit interval discovery for a bus receiver

A bus data signal is applied to a tapped data delay line of selected step size and whose overall delay is at least one (maximum) unit interval. The various increasingly delayed data values present at the taps of the delay line are clocked into respective cells of a sticky ZEROs register previously initialized to all ONEs, and into respective cells of a sticky ONEs register previously initialized to all ZEROs. The sticky ZEROs register SZERO measures UI(ONE), which is the unit interval of a ONE. Assuming that the active edge of a bus signal is the rising edge, the inversion of the selected data signal is used to clock SZERO, while the non-inverted signal clocks SONE. Over a period of time following initialization, the data signal can be expected to experience isolated ONEs (i.e., a single ONE with ZEROs before and after) and similarly isolated ZEROs. A ONE to ZERO transition in the data will clock any far-to-the-right ZEROs in the delay line into SZERO, which become sticky and trim the indication ...

Unit interval discovery for a bus receiver

A bus data signal is applied to a tapped data delay line. The various increasingly delayed data values present at the taps of the delay line are clocked into respective cells of a sticky ZEROs register (SZERO) previously initialized to all ONES, and into respective cells of a sticky ONES (SONE) register previously initialized to all ZEROS. SZERO measures the unit interval of a ONE.

Incorporation of isolation resistor(s) into probes using probe tip spring pins

An isolation resistor is incorporated into the plunger of a probe tip spring pin by, for example, doping a ceramic that is used to form the plunger, or forming the plunger of first and second electrically coupled materials, at least a first of which has a resistivity sufficient to serve as an isolation resistor. Alternately, an isolation resistor is embedded in a printed circuit board trace that is used to couple either an upper or lower blind plated hole to a via. A probe tip spring pin is then inserted into the upper blind plated hole.

Counter proxy

A method and apparatus for sequencing generates a counter proxy from a counter, processes the counter proxy through multiple sequencing elements, and restores coherency of the counter from said counter proxy after processing the counter proxy and before another processing step.

Sequencer and method for sequencing

A method and apparatus for sequencing determines possible next states for respective possible previous states based upon resources, selects one of the possible next states as an actual next state based upon an actual previous state, and communicates the actual next state as the actual previous state.

Incorporation of Isolation Resistor(s) into Probes using Probe Tip Spring Pins

An isolation resistor is incorporated into the plunger of a probe tip spring pin by, for example, doping a ceramic that is used to form the plunger, or forming the plunger of first and second electrically coupled materials, at least a first of which has a resistivity sufficient to serve as an isolation resistor. Alternately, an isolation resistor is embedded in a printed circuit board trace that is used to couple either an upper or lower blind plated hole to a via. A probe tip spring pin is then inserted into the upper blind plated hole.

Sequencer and method for sequencing

A method and apparatus for sequencing determines possible next states for respective possible previous states based upon resources, selects one of the possible next states as an actual next state based upon an actual previous state, and communicates the actual next state as the actual previous state.

Data receiver with servo controlled delayed clock

A Time Ruler is used to periodically discover the Unit Interval (UI) for a data signal, which does not change abruptly, but drifts with time and various parameters. The same Time Ruler can also be used at other times to determine where in the Measured UI the data is being clocked (clock phase). Since the present size of the UI is thus known through discovery, the clock signal can be adjustably delayed in response to an error signal to keep its active edge in the middle of the measured UI. The delayed clock signal can be produced from a clock delay line whose step size cooperates with the step size of the Time Ruler, and that can insert and remove stages of clock delay as a function of the error signal. The error signal is a shifted version of a collection of XOR's derived from latched clock phase information produced by the Time Ruler. The amount and direction of the shifting is a function of the Measured UI.

ONE HOT COUNTER PROXY

【課題】到来データの速度で動作可能なシーケンサの提供 【解決手段】波状進行するように組み合わせられたシーケンシング要素２００ａ〜２００ｈを含む装置であって、各シーケンシング要素が単一リソースサイクルにおいて逆多重化した到来データのサブセットを処理する。各シーケンシング要素は、シーケンサカウンタを表すワンホットカウンタプロキシ１００４および１００５を処理する。 【選択図】図１０

Differential signal squelch detection circuit and method

An electrical circuit detects a "squelch," or "out-of-band," state of a differential signal pair having a positive ("p") signal line and a negative ("n") signal line. In one embodiment of the invention, a first and a second comparator each have positive inputs driven by the positive and negative signal lines, respectively. The negative inputs of the comparators are driven by the outputs of separate digital-to-analog converters (DACs) which are set to a lower squelch threshold voltage. The outputs of the comparators then drive the inputs of a logical AND gate, the output of which indicates the current squelch state of the differential signal pair.

Bounding box signal detector

A description of signal behavior in the vicinity of a time and voltage of interest is produced by defining a region in the (time, voltage) plane that is a closed straight sided figure whose vertices are identified by threshold crossings offset for the voltage of interest and clocked by time delays offset from a clock time of interest. A first set of latches clocked by the time delays accumulates the state of signal behavior relative to the threshold voltages as it occurs, and their contents are subsequently transferred to a second set of latches at the start of a new clock cycle, allowing a new accumulation to begin and also allowing a detection logic circuit to operate on a unified and completed collection of indicators of what the just concluded description amounts to. The detection logic circuit responds to the combinations of latched indications to produce a signal corresponding to that description. The closed figure need not be a rectangle, and it may also serve as an indication that ...

Apparatus, Method and Computer Program Product for Generating Debriefing Charts

An apparatus, method, and computer program product for generating and displaying debriefing charts to authorized users. According to disclosed methods, debriefing charts are generated by obtaining summarized evaluation data; formatting the summarized data according to predetermined settings; and generating slides or pages using the formatted data. In some cases, custom debriefing charts may be generated e.g., based upon user authorization level. The apparatus includes a debriefing tool that may be standalone or integrated with a proposal evaluation tool using appropriate APIs, plug-ins, etc. The debriefing tool includes a plurality of modules including e.g., an evaluation data acquisition module, a formatting module, a debriefing chart generating module, a display module, and a user interface module.

COUNTER PROXY

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sequencer capable of operating at the speed of arriving digital data. SOLUTION: At least two sequencing elements combined with a cascade connection processes a subset of arrival demultiplexed data extending over a single resource cycle, and a counter proxy is further processed for each piece of demultiplexed arrival data. A counter proxy represents a sequencer counter which is composed of the low-order counter subset and the high-order counter subset, and the counter proxy is provided with a proxy bit, composed of a disjunctive combination of the low-order counter subset and the high-order counter subset. The sequencer comprises, at least two sequencing elements; and a counter clean up logic for maintaining the consistency of the counter for the operation of preparation for the next resource cycle, based on the counter values at the start of the resource cycle and at the end of the resource cycle. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI ...

REGENERATOR PROBE

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform a sampling of a signal in a target system, using a probe, without influencing the operation of the target system. SOLUTION: A regenerator probe device 100 has a first access port 105 and a second access port 106. The first and second access ports are made to adapt that should be interposed in a testing circuit. A voltage amplifier 109 and a voltage divider 110 are made to adapt in order to present a voltage which expresses substantially the voltage received by the first access port to the second access port and a measurement port, respectively. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT ...

Incorporation of isolation resistor(s) into probes using probe tip spring pins

An isolation resistor is incorporated into the plunger of a probe tip spring pin by, for example, doping a ceramic that is used to form the plunger, or forming the plunger of first and second electrically coupled materials, at least a first of which has a resistivity sufficient to serve as an isolation resistor. Alternately, an isolation resistor is embedded in a printed circuit board trace that is used to couple either an upper or lower blind plated hole to a via. A probe tip spring pin is then inserted into the upper blind plated hole.

Method and Apparatus for Obtaining Aromatics from Diverse Feedstock

The process relates to the use of any naphtha-range stream containing a portion of C8+ aromatics combined with benzene, toluene, and other non-aromatics in the same boiling range to produce toluene. By feeding the A8+ containing stream to a dealkylation/transalkylation/cracking reactor to increase the concentration of toluene in the stream, a more suitable feedstock for the methylation reaction can be produced. This stream can be obtained from a variety of sources, including the pygas stream from a steam cracker, “cat naphtha” from a fluid catalytic cracker, or the heavier portion of reformate.

Aromatics Production Process and Apparatus

In a process for producing para-xylene, a naphtha feed is reformed under conditions effective to convert at least 50 wt % of the naphthenes in the naphtha feed to aromatics, but to convert no more than 25 wt % of the paraffins in the naphtha feed, and thereby produce a reforming effluent. A first stream containing benzene and/or toluene is removed from the reforming effluent and is fed to a xylene production unit under conditions effective to convert benzene and/or toluene to xylenes. In addition, a second stream containing C8 aromatics is removed from the reforming effluent and is fed, together with at least part of the xylenes produced in the xylene production unit, to a para-xylene recovery unit to recover a para-xylene product stream and leave a para-xylene-depleted C8 stream. At least part of para-xylene-depleted C8 stream is then fed to a xylene isomerization unit effective to isomerize xylenes in para-xylene-depleted stream back towards an equilibrium mixture of xylenes and thereby produce an isomerization effluent. The isomerization effluent is then recycled to the para-xylene extraction unit. 1. A process for producing para-xylene , the process comprising:(a) reforming a naphtha feed under reforming conditions effective to convert at least 50 wt % of the naphthenes in the naphtha feed to aromatics, but to convert no more than 25 wt % of the paraffins in the naphtha feed, and thereby produce a reforming effluent;(b) removing at least a first stream containing benzene and/or toluene and a second stream containing C8 aromatics from the reforming effluent;(c) feeding at least part of the benzene and/or toluene from the first stream to a xylene production unit under conditions effective to convert benzene and/or toluene to xylenes;(d) feeding at least part of the C8 aromatics from the second stream and at least part of the xylenes produced in (c) to a para-xylene recovery unit to recover a para-xylene product stream and leave a para-xylene-depleted C8 stream;(e) ...

Oven With Door Having A Convex Shaped Surface

An oven is provided that includes an internal surface that faces a cooking area of the oven. An oven door is present that has a convex surface. The oven door is movable from a closed position in which the oven door blocks access to the cooking area from outside of the oven to an open position in which the oven door does not block access to the cooking area from outside of the oven. The oven may also include a receiving compartment that receives at least a portion of the oven door when the oven door is in the open position.

Process for the Production of Xylenes and Light Olefins

In a hydrocarbon upgrading process, a hydrocarbon feed is treated in at least one of a steam cracker, catalytic cracker, coker, hydrocracker, and reformer under suitable conditions to produce a first stream comprising olefinic and aromatic hydrocarbons. A second stream composed mainly of Cto Colefinic and aromatic hydrocarbons is recovered from the first stream and at least part of the second stream is contacted with a catalyst in the absence of added hydrogen under reaction conditions including a temperature of about 450° C. to about 70° C. effective to dealkylate, transalkylate, crack and aromatize components of the second stream to produce a third stream having an increased benzene and/or toluene content compared with the second stream and a C− olefin by-product. The C− olefin by-product and a fourth stream comprising toluene are then recovered from the third stream. 1. A hydrocarbon upgrading process comprising:(a) treating a hydrocarbon feed in at least one of a steam cracker, catalytic cracker, coker, hydrocracker, and reformer under suitable conditions to produce a first stream comprising olefinic and aromatic hydrocarbons;{'sub': 4', '12, '(b) recovering from said first stream a second stream composed mainly of Cto Colefinic and aromatic hydrocarbons;'}{'sub': '3', '(c) contacting at least part of the second stream with a catalyst in the absence of added hydrogen under reaction conditions including a temperature of about 450° C. to about 700° C. effective to dealkylate, transalkylate, crack and aromatize components of said second stream to produce a third stream having an increased benzene and/or toluene content compared with said second stream and a C− olefin by-product;'}{'sub': '3', '(d) recovering C− olefins from said third stream; and'}(e) separating a fourth stream comprising toluene from said third stream.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first hydrocarbon stream is selected from natural gas liquids claim 1 , natural gas condensate claim 1 , ...

Process for the Production of Xylenes

A hydrocarbon upgrading process is described in which a hydrocarbon feed is treated in at least one of a steam cracker, catalytic cracker, coker, hydrocracker, and reformer under suitable conditions to produce a first stream comprising aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. A second stream comprising C-Caliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons is recovered from the first stream and aliphatic hydrocarbons are removed from at least part of the second stream to produce an aliphatic hydrocarbon-depleted stream. The aliphatic hydrocarbon-depleted stream is then dealkylated and/or transalkylated and/or cracked (D/T/C) by contact with a catalyst under suitable reaction conditions to produce a third stream having an increased benzene and/or toluene content compared with said aliphatic hydrocarbon-depleted stream and a light paraffin by-product. Benzene and/or toluene from the third stream is then methylated with a methylating agent to produce a xylene-enriched stream. 1. A hydrocarbon upgrading process comprising:(a) treating a hydrocarbon feed in at least one of a steam cracker, catalytic cracker, coker, hydrocracker, and reformer under suitable conditions to produce a first stream comprising aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons;{'sub': 6', '9, '(b) recovering from said first stream a second stream composed mainly of Cto Caliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons;'}(c) removing aliphatic hydrocarbons from at least part of the second stream to produce an aliphatic hydrocarbon-depleted stream;(d) dealkylating and/or transalkylating and/or cracking (D/T/C) said aliphatic hydrocarbon-depleted stream by contact with a catalyst under suitable reaction conditions to produce a third stream having an increased toluene content or increased toluene and increased benzene content as compared with said aliphatic hydrocarbon-depleted stream and a light paraffin by-product; and(e) methylating benzene and/or toluene from said third stream with a methylating agent to produce a xylene-enriched stream.2. ...

Conversion of Non-Aromatic Hydrocarbon

Systems and methods are provided for converting alkane while generating improved yields of desirable aromatics and/or improved selectivity for forming desired aromatics, such as para-xylene (p-xylene). Aromatics generated during the aromatic formation process can be alkylated to form xylenes with improved yield and/or improved selectivity. 1. A method for forming aromatic compounds , comprising:providing a feed comprising non-aromatic hydrocarbon;{'sub': 7', '8, "producing an aromatic formation effluent comprising benzene, Caromatic hydrocarbon, and ≦20 wt. % of Caromatic hydrocarbon from at least a portion of the feed's non-aromatic hydrocarbon in an aromatic formation process carried out under effective aromatic formation conditions;"}{'sub': 8', '8', '8', '7', '6', '7, 'separating from the aromatic formation effluent a first Cintermediate stream and a first lower boiling intermediate stream, the first Cintermediate stream having a Caromatic hydrocarbon concentration (weight percent) greater than that of the aromatic formation effluent, the first lower boiling intermediate stream having a benzene concentration (weight percent), a Caromatic hydrocarbon concentration (weight percent), or a combined C-Caromatic hydrocarbon concentration (weight percent) greater than those of the aromatic formation effluent;'}{'sub': '8', 'reacting at least a portion of the first lower boiling intermediate stream with a methylating agent in the presence of a zeolite catalyst to form a methylated intermediate stream, the methylated intermediate stream having a Caromatic hydrocarbon concentration (weight percent) greater than that of the portion of the first lower boiling intermediate stream which reacts to form the methylated intermediate stream;'}{'sub': 8', '8', '8, 'separating from the methylated intermediate stream a second Cintermediate stream and a second lower boiling intermediate stream, the second Cintermediate stream having a Caromatic hydrocarbon concentration (weight ...

INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETER WITH MASS CORRECTION

Systems and methods for controlling mass filtering of polyatomic ions in an ion beam passing through an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Polyatomic ion mass data representative of the exact mass of a polyatomic ion having a target isotope is determined. A control signal is generated based on the determined polyatomic ion mass data and output to an ICP-MS to filter based on mass the polyatomic ions in the ion beam traveling through the ICP-MS to an ion detector. 1. A method for controlling mass filtering of polyatomic ions in an ion beam passing through an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) comprising:determining polyatomic ion mass data representative of the exact mass of a polyatomic ion having a target isotope;generating a first control signal based on the determined polyatomic ion mass data; andoutputting the first control signal to an ICP-MS to filter based on mass the polyatomic ions in the ion beam traveling through the ICP-MS to an ion detector.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyatomic ion mass data comprises the exact mass of the polyatomic ion having the target isotope.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising storing mass data in memory including storing the polyatomic ion mass data.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the determining comprises accessing the polyatomic ion mass data stored in memory.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the determining comprises calculating the exact mass of the polyatomic ion having the target isotope.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the determining comprises performing a table look up to determine the exact mass of the polyatomic ion having the target isotope.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising storing mass deviation correction data in memory claim 1 , wherein the mass deviation correction data is based on a target isotope and a cell gas.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ICP-MS comprises a triple quadrupole ICP-MS having first and second mass analyzers ...

SEQUENTIAL DEASPHALTING FOR BASE STOCK PRODUCTION

Methods are provided for producing lubricant base stocks from deasphalted oils formed by sequential deasphalting. The deasphalted oil can be exposed a first deasphalting process using a first solvent that can provide a lower severity of deasphalting and a second deasphalting process using a second solvent that can provide a higher severity of deasphalting. This can result in formation of at least a deasphalted oil and a resin fraction. The resin fraction can represent a fraction that traditionally would have been included as part of a deasphalter rock fraction. 1. A method for making lubricant base stock , comprising:{'sub': '5+', 'performing solvent deasphalting using a C solvent under first solvent deasphalting conditions on a feedstock having a T5 boiling point of at least about 400° C. to produce a first deasphalted oil and a first deasphalter residue, the effective solvent deasphalting conditions producing a yield of first deasphalted oil of at least 70 wt % of the feedstock{'sub': 3', '4, 'performing solvent deasphalting on at least a portion of the first deasphalted oil under second solvent deasphalting conditions using a Csolvent, a Csolvent, or a combination thereof to form a second deasphalted oil and a second deasphalter resin;'}hydroprocessing at least a portion of the second deasphalted oil under first effective hydroprocessing conditions to form a hydroprocessed effluent, the at least a portion of the second deasphalted oil having an aromatics content of at least about 50 wt %, the hydroprocessed effluent having a sulfur content of 300 wppm or less, and a nitrogen content of 100 wppm or less;separating the hydroprocessed effluent to form at least a fraction comprising a fuels boiling range fraction and a bottoms fraction; andhydroprocessing at least a portion of the hydroprocessed bottoms fraction under second effective hydroprocessing conditions, the second effective hydroprocessing conditions comprising catalytic dewaxing conditions, to form a ...

PROP

The present disclosure relates to a prop () comprising a first tube () and a second tube (). The first tube () is telescopically connected to the second tube () for axially displacing the second tube () between a retracted position and an extended position. The first and second tubes () each comprise a loading end for receiving an axial load from opposing load surfaces () in the extended position. The first tube () and the second tube () are made from a plastics material. 1. A prop comprising a first tube and a second tube , the first tube being telescopically connected to the second tube for axially displacing the second tube between a retracted position and an extended position , the first and second tubes each comprising a loading end for receiving an axial load from opposing load surfaces in the extended position , wherein the first tube and the second tube are made from a plastics material.2. The prop of further comprising a first foot connected to the loading end of the first tube for engaging a load surface and a second foot connected to the second tube for engaging an opposing load surface claim 1 , wherein the first and second feet are made from a plastics material.3. The prop of wherein the first foot and/or the second foot comprises a base plate and a spigot extending therefrom claim 2 , the spigot and the respective first tube or second tube comprising complimentary threads.4. The prop of wherein the first tube and/or the second tube comprises an attachment sleeve fixed to an interior surface thereof claim 3 , the attachment sleeve including the threads.5. The prop of claim 1 , wherein the plastics material of one or more of the first tube claim 1 , the second tube claim 1 , the first foot claim 1 , and the second foot comprises fiber reinforcements.6. The prop of wherein the fiber reinforcements comprise carbon.7. The prop of claim 1 , further comprising a linear actuator to connect telescopically the first and second tubes claim 1 , wherein the linear ...

Trench wall support

The present invention relates to a support ( 20 ) for a prop ( 22 ). The prop ( 22 ) comprises a telescopic tube ( 26 ) and opposing transversely extending feet. The support ( 20 ) comprises a board ( 30 ) for contacting a support surface to transmit a supporting load thereto; a load bearing surface for receiving the supporting load from a prop ( 22 ); a bracket ( 32 ) coupled to the board ( 30 ), the bracket ( 32 ) arranged to support an end of the prop ( 22 ) at a load bearing position on the load bearing surface; and a guide for guiding the prop ( 22 ) to the load bearing position.

RETRY BUFFER AND METHOD OF PERFORMING RETRY OPERATION USING RETRY BUFFER

A method is provided for transmitting packets of a packet stream in real-time. The method includes sequentially writing packets in a retry buffer of a transmitting agent, the retry buffer including multiple contexts; sequentially transmitting the packets written in the retry buffer to a receiving agent, while continuing to sequentially write additional packets the retry buffer; receiving acknowledgements from the receiving agent when the receiving agent has successfully received the transmitted packets, while continuing to sequentially transmit the packets written in the retry buffer to the receive agent; receiving a retry request from the receiving agent when the receiving agent has not successfully received a transmitted packet; and retransmitting packets from the retry buffer to the receiving agent beginning with the transmitted packet not successfully received by the receiving agent, which resulted in the retry request, while continuing to sequentially write additional packets received from the transmitting agent in the retry buffer. 1. A method of transmitting packets of a packet stream in real-time , the method comprising:sequentially writing packets in a retry buffer of a transmitting agent, the retry buffer comprising a plurality of contexts;sequentially transmitting the packets written in the retry buffer to a receiving agent, while continuing to sequentially write additional packets the retry buffer;receiving acknowledgements from the receiving agent when the receiving agent has successfully received the transmitted packets, while continuing to sequentially transmit the packets written in the retry buffer to the receive agent;receiving a retry request from the receiving agent when the receiving agent has not successfully received a transmitted packet; andretransmitting packets from the retry buffer to the receiving agent beginning with the transmitted packet not successfully received by the receiving agent, which resulted in the retry request, while ...

Process for Converting Alkanes to Para-Xylene

Systems and methods are provided for forming para-xylene from aromatics-containing streams having reduced or minimized amounts of C2+ side chains. Reduced or minimized amounts of C2+ side chains can provide benefits for improving and/or allowing modification of transalkylation conditions, xylene isomerization conditions, or a combination thereof. Such aromatics-containing streams can be formed, for example, by conversion of methyl halide, methanol, syngas, and/or dimethyl ether to aromatics by an aromatic conversion process. The methyl halide, methanol, syngas, and/or dimethyl ether can be formed by conversion of methane.

Method and apparatus for obtaining aromatics from diverse feedstock

The process relates to the use of any naphtha-range stream containing a portion of C8+ aromatics combined with benzene, toluene, and other non-aromatics in the same boiling range to produce toluene. By feeding the A8+ containing stream to a dealkylation/transalkylation/cracking reactor to increase the concentration of toluene in the stream, a more suitable feedstock for the methylation reaction can be produced. This stream can be obtained from a variety of sources, including the pygas stream from a steam cracker, "cat naphtha" from a fluid catalytic cracker, or the heavier portion of reformate.

Holograms

There is described an article which comprises on its outside a light-transparent visual display feature through which a graphic design or a solid object can be seen, the light-transparent visual display feature comprising a light-transparent film sheet which contains a Lippman-Bragg reflection hologram which has a viewing angle of not more than 20° either side of a selected viewing axis or axes and a depth of holographic image which is not more than 5mm on one side or the other of the image plane. When the article of the present invention is a package, the restricted view is advantageously prepared to be around a vertical axis relative to the observer so that as an observer passes the illuminated package laterally with the hologram on the vertical face, the hologram will suddenly come into view and just as suddenly slip from view as viewing angle is passed. When the article of the present invention is an ID card, the transparent film material bearing the hologram is laminated on to the top surface of the card which bears a graphic design relevant to the holder of the card.

Sequencer and method for sequencing

A method and apparatus for sequencing determines possible next states for respective possible previous states based upon resources, selects one of the possible next states as an actual next state based upon an actual previous state, and communicates the actual next state as the actual previous state.

Chair

Method and apparatus for bit error rate test

A method and apparatus for measuring a bit error rate of a system. A sequencer circuit is programmed to recognize at least one predefined invalid bit pattern. An expected bit pattern is stored, and a bit pattern is received from the device. After the sequencer detects a start of data pattern in the incoming signal and while the sequencer circuit recognizes the received bit pattern as valid, the received bit pattern is compared against the expected bit pattern. A bit error rate is computed based on the number of compared bits and the number of error bits, wherein error bits are bit pattern bits that differ from corresponding bits in the expected bit pattern.

Prop

A prop 10 comprises a first tube 14 and a second tube 16, wherein the first tube 14 is telescopically connected to the second tube 16 for axially displacing the second tube 16 between a retracted position and an extended position. The first and second tubes 14, 16 each comprise a loading end for receiving an axial load from opposing load surfaces 62, 64 in the extended position. The first tube 14 and the second tube 16 are made from a plastics material, preferably a thermoplastic such as nylon. A linear actuator 20 connects the first and second tubes telescopically and is spaced from the loading ends of the first and second tubes when the prop is in the extended position, the first and second tubes electrically insulating the linear actuator from the loading ends.

Prop

The present disclosure relates to a prop (10) comprising a first tube (14) and a second tube (16). The first tube (14) is telescopically connected to the second tube (16) for axially displacing the second tube (16) between a retracted position and an extended position. The first and second tubes (14, 16) each comprise a loading end for receiving an axial load from opposing load surfaces (62, 64) in the extended position. The first tube (14) and the second tube (16) are made from a plastics material.

Method for producing a hologram

Ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines silberhalogenidsensibilierten Hologramms mit im allgemeinen zum Substrat parallelen Wellenfronten (Streifen) umfaßt ein holographisches Material einerseits bildweise photographisch mit aktinischem Licht und andererseits holographisch mit Laserlicht zu belichten, wobei der Referenzstrahl in das holographische material auf der dem Objektstrahl gegenüberliegenden Seite eintritt und wobei die photographische und die holographische Belichtung entweder nacheinander oder gleichzeitig erfolgen, und das holographische Material unter Verwendung eines Silberhalogenidentwicklers entwickelt und dann das entwickelte Silber gebleicht wird. Im fertigen Hologramm zeigt ein Teil des holographischen Bildes beim Betrachten durch Reflektion eine Farbe, die derjenigen des für die holographische Belichtung verwendeten Laserlichtes bei Belichtung während einer angemessenen Zeit verhältnismäßig nahekommt. Jedoch zeigen Bereiche, in denen das photographische Bild vor dem Blechen derselben vorhanden gewesen wäre, eine Farbe kürzerer Wellenlänge. In diesen Bereichen erfolgte eine stärkere Gesamtbelichtung und daher nach der Behandlung ein stärkeres Schrumpfen der Emulsion. Diese differenzierte Schrumpfung verursacht ein mehrfarbiges Aussehen des holographischen Bildes. A method for producing a silver halide-sensitive hologram with wave fronts (stripes) generally parallel to the substrate comprises exposing a holographic material on the one hand imagewise with actinic light and on the other hand holographically with laser light, the reference beam entering the holographic material on the side opposite the object beam and wherein the photographic and holographic exposures are either sequential or simultaneous, and the holographic material is developed using a silver halide developer and then the developed silver is bleached. In the finished hologram, part of the holographic image, when viewed by reflection, shows a color which is relatively close to that of the ...

Trench wall support

The present invention relates to a support (20) for a prop (22). The prop (22) comprises a telescopic tube (26) and opposing transversely extending feet. The support (20) comprises a board (30) for contacting a support surface to transmit a supporting load thereto; a load bearing surface for receiving the supporting load from a prop (22); a bracket (32) coupled to the board (30), the bracket (32) arranged to support an end of the prop (22) at a load bearing position on the load bearing surface; and a guide for guiding the prop (22) to the load bearing position.

Electrical regenerator easurement probe

A probe apparatus has first and second access ports and a measurement port. The first and second access ports are adapted to be interposed in a test circuit. A voltage amplifier and a voltage splitter are adapted to present the second access port and the measurement port each with a voltage representative of a voltage received by the first access port.

Counter proxy

A method and apparatus for sequencing generates a counter proxy from a counter, processes the counter proxy through multiple sequencing elements, and restores coherency of the counter from said counter proxy after processing the counter proxy and before another processing step.

Azo(hydrazo)-anthraquinone compounds

Novel azo(hydrazo)-anthraquinone compounds and their preparation are provided. These compounds are of the general formula ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or at least one substituent, T 1 is hydrogen, an hydroxy or alkoxy group or an amino or substituted amino group, R 1 is hydrogen or halogen, an alkoxy, an amino or substituted amino group, an aryl or substituted aryl group, or a group conferring solubility in water and R 2 is a group which comprises an azo linkage and a ballasting group or is a group which completes the hydrazo link and which comprises a ballasting group. The new compounds are useful in the photographic field, especially in the photographic dye diffusion transfer process for the production of photographic images.

Improved iron ore pellet and process and apparatus forthe production thereof

Polyblends of nitrile rubber and preplasticized vinyl resins

Chair

Design fob a chaib ob similab abticle

Azoverbindungen

Chair seat

Design for a chair base

Chair base

Polyblends of nitrile rubber and preplasticized vinyl resins

Chair

Design for a chair

Design for a chair or similar article

Safety mechanism for automatic nozzle

Safety mechanism for automatic nozzle

Bounding box signal detector

A description of signal behavior in the vicinity of a time and voltage of interest is produced by defining a region in the (time, voltage) plane that is a closed straight sided figure whose vertices are identified by threshold crossings offset for the voltage of interest and clocked by time delays offset from a clock time of interest. A first set of latches clocked by the time delays accumulates the state of signal behavior relative to the threshold voltages as it occurs, and their contents are subsequently transferred to a second set of latches at the start of a new clock cycle, allowing a new accumulation to begin and also allowing a detection logic circuit to operate on a unified and completed collection of indicators of what the just concluded description amounts to. The detection logic circuit responds to the combinations of latched indications to produce a signal corresponding to that description. The closed figure need not be a rectangle, and it may also serve as an indication that a signal went into a region that it should not have, e.g., an eye violation detector.

Coal carrier for retorts

Electrical connector for interconnection of multiple printed circuit board ground planes

An electrical connector for electrically interconnecting printed circuit boards. In representative embodiments, an electrical connector is disclosed which comprises a flexible, resilient conductor shaped so as to form first and second end sections located at opposite ends of a central section. The first end section comprises a first segment adjacent to and bent at a first angle from the central section, a second segment adjacent to and bent at a second angle from the first segment, a third segment adjacent to and bent at a third angle from the second segment, and a fourth segment adjacent to and bent at a fourth angle from the third segment. The second end section comprises a fifth segment adjacent to and bent at a fifth angle from the central section, a sixth segment adjacent to and bent at a sixth angle from the fifth segment, a seventh segment adjacent to and bent at a seventh angle from the sixth segment, and an eighth segment adjacent to and bent at an eighth angle from the seventh segment.

Back rest cushion device for chairs

Oven with door having a convex shaped surface

An oven is provided that includes an internal surface that faces a cooking area of the oven. An oven door is present that has a convex surface. The oven door is movable from a closed position in which the oven door blocks access to the cooking area from outside of the oven to an open position in which the oven door does not block access to the cooking area from outside of the oven. The oven may also include a receiving compartment that receives at least a portion of the oven door when the oven door is in the open position.