Voltage tunable laminated dielectric materials for microwave applications

A tunable dielectric structure includes a first layer of dielectric material, a second layer of dielectric material positioned adjacent to the first layer of dielectric material, with the second layer of dielectric material having a dielectric constant that is less than the dielectric constant of the first layer of dielectric material, and electrodes for applying a controllable voltage across the first dielectric material, thereby controlling a dielectric constant of the first dielectric material, wherein at least one of the electrodes is positioned between the first and second layers of dielectric material. The dielectric materials can be formed in various shapes and assembled in various orientations with respect to each other. The tunable dielectric structure is used in various devices including coaxial cables, cavity antennas, microstrip lines, coplanar lines, and waveguides.

Dielectric varactors with offset two-layer electrodes

A varactor comprising a substrate, a first conductor positioned on a surface of the substrate, a second conductor positioned on the surface of the substrate forming a gap between the first and second conductors, a tunable dielectric material positioned on the surface of the substrate and within the gap, the tunable dielectric material having a top surface, with at least a portion of said top surface being positioned above the gap opposite the surface of the substrate, and a first portion of the second conductor extending along at least a portion of the top surface of the tunable dielectric material. The second conductor can overlap or not overlap a portion of the first conductor.

Electronically tunable ridged waveguide cavity filter and method of manufacture therefore

An embodiment of the present invention provides a voltage-controlled tunable filter, comprising a tunable ridged waveguide filter formed from a first ridged waveguide cavity coupled to a second ridged waveguide cavity thereby forming a resonator; and one or more tunable capacitors in at least one of said first or second waveguide cavity. The coupling between said first ridged waveguide and said second ridged waveguide may be via a coupling iris or ridged post and the one or more tunable capacitors may comprise a low loss tunable dielectric material and metallic electrodes with predetermined shape, size, and distance. In an embodiment of the present invention the one or more tunable capacitors may be MEMS tunable capacitors that are either parallel plate or interdigital topology. The tunable ridged waveguide filter may be formed from two or more ridged-waveguide resonators and may include an RF Input and RF output connected to the resonator and may be direct coupling probes that are either ...

Voltage tunable laminated dielectric materials for microwave applications

A tunable dielectric structure includes a first layer of dielectric material, a second layer of dielectric material positioned adjacent to the first layer of dielectric material, with the second layer of dielectric material having a dielectric constant that is less than the dielectric constant of the first layer of dielectric material, and electrodes for applying a controllable voltage across the first dielectric material, thereby controlling a dielectric constant of the first dielectric material, wherein at least one of the electrodes is positioned between the first and second layers of dielectric material. The dielectric materials can be formed in various shapes and assembled in various orientations with respect to each other. The tunable dielectric structure is used in various devices including a coaxial cables, cavity antenna, microstrip lines, coplanar lines, and waveguides.

Voltage tunable varactors and tunable devices including such varactors

A voltage tunable dielectric varactor includes a substrate having a low dielectric constant and having generally planar surface, a tunable ferroelectric layer positioned on the generally planar surface of the substrate, and first and second electrodes positioned on a surface of the tunable ferroelectric layer opposite the generally planar surface of the substrate. The first and second electrodes are separated to form a gap therebetween. The varactor includes an input for receiving a radio frequency signal and an output for delivering the radio frequency signal. A bias voltage applied to the electrodes changes the capacitance of the varactor between the input and output thereof. Phase shifters and filters that include the varactor are also described.

METHODS FOR TUNING AN ADAPTIVE IMPEDANCE MATCHING NETWORK WITH A LOOK-UP TABLE

Methods for generating a look-up table relating a plurality of complex reflection coefficients to a plurality of matched states for a tunable matching network. Typical steps include measuring a plurality of complex reflection coefficients resulting from a plurality of impedance loads while the tunable matching network is in a predetermined state, determining a plurality of matched states for the plurality of impedance loads, with a matched state determined for each of the plurality of impedance loads and providing the determined matched states as a look-up table. A further step is interpolating the measured complex reflection coefficients and the determined matching states into a set of complex reflection coefficients with predetermined step sizes. 1. A communication device , comprising:an antenna;a tunable impedance matching network coupled to the antenna;a memory to store instructions; anda processor coupled to the memory and the tunable impedance matching network, wherein responsive to executing the instructions, the processor performs operations comprising:determining at a terminal of the tunable impedance matching network an impedance mismatch caused by a change in impedance of the antenna;locating an impedance mismatch entry in a lookup table that approximates the impedance mismatch, wherein the lookup table comprises a plurality of complex reflection coefficients determined by measuring a signal at the terminal of the tunable impedance matching network for a plurality of impedance loads of the antenna; andusing one or more complex reflection coefficients in the lookup table which correspond to the located impedance mismatch entry to tune the tunable impedance matching network.2. The communication device of claim 1 , wherein the lookup table comprises a plurality of matched states of the tunable impedance matching network for each of the plurality of impedance loads.3. The communication device of claim 1 , wherein the tunable impedance matching network ...

Tunable filters having variable bandwidth and variable delay

A tunable electrical filter constructed pursuant to the teachings of the present invention includes: (a) a plurality of resonator units coupled between an input locus and an output locus; and (b) a plurality of tunable dielectric varactor units; respective individual varactor units of the plurality of varactor units being coupled between respective pairs of the plurality of resonator units, coupled between the plurality of resonator units and the input locus, and coupled between the plurality of resonator units and the output locus.

Electronic tunable filters with dielectric varactors

A radio frequency electronic filter includes an input, an output, and first and second resonators coupled to the input and the output, with the first resonator including a first voltage tunable dielectric varactor and the second resonator including a second voltage tunable dielectric varactor. The resonators can include a lumped element resonator, a ceramic resonator, or a microstrip resonator. Additional voltage tunable dielectric varactors can be connected between the input and the first resonator and between the second resonator and the output. Voltage tunable dielectric varactors can also be connected between the first and second resonators.

Electronic tunable filters with dielectric varactors

A radio frequency electronic filter includes an input, an output, and first and second resonators coupled to the input and the output, with the first resonator including a first voltage tunable dielectric varactor and the second resonator including a second voltage tunable dielectric varactor. The resonators can include a lumped element resonator, a ceramic resonator, or a microstrip resonator. Additional voltage tunable dielectric varactors can be connected between the input and the first resonator and between the second resonator and the output. Voltage tunable dielectric varactors can also be connected between the first and second resonators.

Electronically tunable combline filters tuned by tunable dielectric capacitors

A voltage-controlled tunable filter includes at least two cavity resonators electrically coupled to each other. A voltage tunable dielectric capacitor is positioned within each of the resonators. Connections are provided for applying a control voltage to the voltage tunable dielectric capacitors. An input is coupled to the one of the resonators, and an output is coupled to the other resonator.

RF/microwave tunable delay line

A tunable delay line includes an input, an output, a first conductor electrically coupled to the input and the output, a ground conductor, and a voltage tunable dielectric layer positioned between the first conductor and the ground conductor. DC blocks and impedance matching sections are connected between the first conductor and the input and output. Additional layers of tunable dielectric material and additional conductors can be positioned in parallel with the voltage tunable layer.

Electrically tunable filters with dielectric varactors

This invention provides a voltage tunable filter comprising an input connection point, an output connection point, and at least one circuit branch electrically coupled to the input connection point and the output connection point and including a voltage tunable dielectric varactor electrically connected to an inductor. The voltage tunable filter can be one of a low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, or band-stop filter. The varactor can include built-in DC blocking capacitors.

METHODS FOR TUNING AN ADAPTIVE IMPEDANCE MATCHING NETWORK WITH A LOOK-UP TABLE

Methods for generating a look-up table relating a plurality of complex reflection coefficients to a plurality of matched states for a tunable matching network. Typical steps include measuring a plurality of complex reflection coefficients resulting from a plurality of impedance loads while the tunable matching network is in a predetermined state, determining a plurality of matched states for the plurality of impedance loads, with a matched state determined for each of the plurality of impedance loads and providing the determined matched states as a look-up table. A further step is interpolating the measured complex reflection coefficients and the determined matching states into a set of complex reflection coefficients with predetermined step sizes. 1. An apparatus , comprising:a tunable impedance matching network including a tunable reactive element, the tunable impedance matching network being coupled with an antenna of a communication device and positioned between the antenna and a power amplifier of the communication device;a controller coupled with the tunable impedance matching network; anda detector coupled with the controller and positioned between the tunable impedance matching network and the power amplifier,wherein the controller obtains parameters via the detector for forward and reverse signals at a port of the tunable impedance matching network,wherein the controller adjusts the tunable reactive element according to the parameters to perform impedance matching by locating an impedance mismatch entry in a lookup table accessible to the controller that approximates an impedance mismatch.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the lookup table comprises a plurality of complex reflection coefficients predetermined by measuring a signal at the port of the tunable impedance matching network for a plurality of impedance loads of the antenna.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the lookup table comprises a plurality of matched states of the tunable impedance ...

Electronic tunable filters with dielectric varactors

A radio frequency electronic filter includes an input, an output, and first and second resonators coupled to the input and the output, with the first resonator including a first voltage tunable dielectric varactor and the second resonator including a second voltage tunable dielectric varactor. The resonators can include a lumped element resonator, a ceramic resonator, or a microstrip resonator. Additional voltage tunable dielectric varactors can be connected between the input and the first resonator and between the second resonator and the output. Voltage tunable dielectric varactors can also be connected between the first and second resonators.

Serially-fed phased array antennas with dielectric phase shifters

A phased array antenna includes a plurality of radiating elements, a feed line assembly, a ground plane positioned between the plurality of radiating elements and the feed line assembly, with the ground plane having a plurality of openings positioned between the plurality of radiating elements and the feed line assembly, and a plurality of voltage tunable dielectric phase shifters coupled to the feed line assembly.

Voltage tunable laminated dielectric materials for microwave applications such as a tunable cavity

A tunable dielectric structure includes a first layer of dielectric material, a second layer of dielectric material positioned adjacent to the first layer of dielectric material, with the second layer of dielectric material having a dielectric constant that is less than the dielectric constant of the first layer of dielectric material, and electrodes for applying a controllable voltage across the first dielectric material, thereby controlling a dielectric constant of the first dielectric material, wherein at least one of the electrodes is positioned between the first and second layers of dielectric material. The dielectric materials can be formed in various shapes and assembled in various orientations with respect to each other. The tunable dielectric structure is used in various devices including coaxial cables, cavity antennas, microstrip lines, coplanar lines, and waveguides.

Voltage tuned dielectric varactors with bottom electrodes

A voltage tunable dielectric varactor includes a substrate having a first dielectric constant and having generally a planar surface, first and second electrodes positioned on the generally planar surface of the substrate, the first and second electrodes being separated to form a first gap therebetween; a tunable dielectric layer positioned on the first and second electrodes and in the first gap, the tunable dielectric layer having a second dielectric constant greater than the first dielectric constant; and third and fourth electrodes positioned on a surface of the tunable dielectric layer opposite the first and second electrodes, the third and fourth electrodes being separated to form a second gap therebetween.

Voltage tunable varactors and tunable devices including such varactors

A voltage tunable dielectric varactor includes a substrate having a low dielectric constant and having generally planar surface, a tunable ferroelectric layer positioned on the generally planar surface of the substrate, and first and second electrodes positioned on a surface of the tunable ferroelectric layer opposite the generally planar surface of the substrate. The first and second electrodes are separated to form a gap therebetween. The varactor includes an input for receiving a radio frequency signal and an output for delivering the radio frequency signal. A bias voltage applied to the electrodes changes the capacitance of the varactor between the input and output thereof. Phase shifters and filters that include the varactor are also described.

Hairpin microstrip line electrically tunable filters

An electronic filter includes a first microstrip line hairpin resonator including first and second arms, a first varactor connected between a first end of the first arm and a first end of the second arm of the first microstrip line hairpin resonator, a first capacitor connected between a second end of the first arm and a second end of the second arm of the first microstrip line hairpin resonator, the first and second arms being coupled to provide a first transmission zero, an input coupled to the first microstrip line hairpin resonator, a second microstrip line hairpin resonator including third and fourth arms, a second varactor connected between a first end of the third arm and a first end of the fourth arm of the second microstrip line hairpin resonator, a second capacitor connected between a second end of the third arm and a second end of the fourth arm of the second microstrip line hairpin resonator, the third and fourth arms being coupled to provide a second transmission zero, and ...

Voltage tunable laminated dielectric materials for microwave applications

A tunable dielectric structure includes a first layer of dielectric material, a second layer of dielectric material positioned adjacent to the first layer of dielectric material, with the second layer of dielectric material having a dielectric constant that is less than the dielectric constant of the first layer of dielectric material, and electrodes for applying a controllable voltage across the first dielectric material, thereby controlling a dielectric constant of the first dielectric material, wherein at least one of the electrodes is positioned between the first and second layers of dielectric material. The dielectric materials can be formed in various shapes and assembled in various orientations with respect to each other. The tunable dielectric structure is used in various devices including coaxial cables, cavity antennas, microstrip lines, coplanar lines, and waveguides.

Electronically tunable combline filters tuned by tunable dielectric capacitors

A voltage-controlled tunable filter includes at least two cavity resonators electrically coupled to each other. A voltage tunable dielectric capacitor is positioned within each of the resonators. Connections are provided for applying a control voltage to the voltage tunable dielectric capacitors. An input is coupled to the one of the resonators, and an output is coupled to the other resonator.

Serially-fed phased array antennas with dielectric phase shifters

A phased array antenna includes a plurality of radiating elements, a feed line assembly, a ground plane positioned between the plurality of radiating elements and the feed line assembly, with the ground plane having a plurality of openings positioned between the plurality of radiating elements and the feed line assembly, and a plurality of voltage tunable dielectric phase shifters coupled to the feed line assembly.

Electronic tunable filters with dielectric varactors

A radio frequency electronic filter includes an input, an output, and first and second resonators coupled to the input and the output, with the first resonator including a first voltage tunable dielectric varactor and the second resonator including a second voltage tunable dielectric varactor. The resonators can include a lumped element resonator, a ceramic resonator, or a microstrip resonator. Additional voltage tunable dielectric varactors can be connected between the input and the first resonator and between the second resonator and the output. Voltage tunable dielectric varactors can also be connected between the first and second resonators.

Methods for tuning an adaptive impedance matching network with a look-up table

Methods for generating a look-up table relating a plurality of complex reflection coefficients to a plurality of matched states for a tunable matching network. Typical steps include measuring a plurality of complex reflection coefficients resulting from a plurality of impedance loads while the tunable matching network is in a predetermined state, determining a plurality of matched states for the plurality of impedance loads, with a matched state determined for each of the plurality of impedance loads and providing the determined matched states as a look-up table. A further step is interpolating the measured complex reflection coefficients and the determined matching states into a set of complex reflection coefficients with predetermined step sizes.

Voltage tunable laminated dielectric materials for microwave applications such as a coaxial cable

A tunable dielectric structure includes a first layer of dielectric material, a second layer of dielectric material positioned adjacent to the first layer of dielectric material, with the second layer of dielectric material having a dielectric constant that is less than the dielectric constant of the first layer of dielectric material, and electrodes for applying a controllable voltage across the first dielectric material, thereby controlling a dielectric constant of the first dielectric material, wherein at least one of the electrodes is positioned between the first and second layers of dielectric material. The dielectric materials can be formed in various shapes and assembled in various orientations with respect to each other. The tunable dielectric structure is used in various devices including coaxial cables, cavity antennas, microstrip lines, coplanar lines, and waveguides.

Tunable filters having variable bandwidth and variable delay

An apparatus for reducing influence by selected signal components in a communication link includes a first signal line conveying a first communication signal including a desired signal component and at least one undesired signal component; a second signal line conveying a second communication signal substantially including at least the at least one undesired signal component; a signal treating unit coupled with the second signal line for affecting at least one parameter associated with the second communication signal to present a modified second communication signal at a first output locus coupled for combining the modified second communication signal with the first communication signal to present an improved communication signal at a second output locus. The at least one undesired signal component affects the improved communication signal less than the at least one undesired signal component affects the first communication signal.

Tunable filters having variable bandwidth and variable delay

A tunable electrical filter constructed pursuant to the teachings of the present invention includes: (a) a plurality of resonator units coupled between an input locus and an output locus; and (b) a plurality of tunable dielectric varactor units; respective individual varactor units of the plurality of varactor units being coupled between respective pairs of the plurality of resonator units, coupled between the plurality of resonator units and the input locus, and coupled between the plurality of resonator units and the output locus.

Hairpin microstrip line electrically tunable filters

An electronic filter includes a first microstrip line hairpin resonator including first and second arms, a first varactor connected between a first end of the first arm and a first end of the second arm of the first microstrip line hairpin resonator, a first capacitor connected between a second end of the first arm and a second end of the second arm of the first microstrip line hairpin resonator, the first and second arms being coupled to provide a first transmission zero, an input coupled to the first microstrip line hairpin resonator, a second microstrip line hairpin resonator including third and fourth arms, a second varactor connected between a first end of the third arm and a first end of the fourth arm of the second microstrip line hairpin resonator, a second capacitor connected between a second end of the third arm and a second end of the fourth arm of the second microstrip line hairpin resonator, the third and fourth arms being coupled to provide a second transmission zero, and ...

Voltage tunable laminated dielectric materials for microwave waveguide applications

A tunable dielectric structure includes a first layer of dielectric material, a second layer of dielectric material positioned adjacent to the first layer of dielectric material, with the second layer of dielectric material having a dielectric constant that is less than the dielectric constant of the first layer of dielectric material, and electrodes for applying a controllable voltage across the first dielectric material, thereby controlling a dielectric constant of the first dielectric material, wherein at least one of the electrodes is positioned between the first and second layers of dielectric material. The dielectric materials can be formed in various shapes and assembled in various orientations with respect to each other. The tunable dielectric structure is used in various devices including coaxial cables, cavity antennas, microstrip lines, coplanar lines, and waveguides.

Electrically tunable filters with dielectric varactors

This invention provides a voltage tunable filter comprising an input connection point, an output connection point, and at least one circuit branch electrically coupled to the input connection point and the output connection point and including a voltage tunable dielectric varactor electrically connected to an inductor. The voltage tunable filter can be one of a low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, or band-stop filter. The varactor can include built-in DC blocking capacitors.

METHODS FOR TUNING AN ADAPTIVE IMPEDANCE MATCHING NETWORK WITH A LOOK-UP TABLE

Methods for generating a look-up table relating a plurality of complex reflection coefficients to a plurality of matched states for a tunable matching network. Typical steps include measuring a plurality of complex reflection coefficients resulting from a plurality of impedance loads while the tunable matching network is in a predetermined state, determining a plurality of matched states for the plurality of impedance loads, with a matched state determined for each of the plurality of impedance loads and providing the determined matched states as a look-up table. A further step is interpolating the measured complex reflection coefficients and the determined matching states into a set of complex reflection coefficients with predetermined step sizes.

Microstrip tunable filters tuned by dielectric varactors

An electronic filter includes a substrate, a ground conductor, an input, an output, a first microstrip line positioned on the substrate and electrically coupled to the input and the output, and a first tunable dielectric varactor electrically connected between the microstrip line and the ground conductor. The input preferably includes a second microstrip line positioned on the substrate and including a portion lying parallel to the first microstrip line. The output preferable includes a third microstrip line positioned on the substrate and including a portion lying parallel to the first microstrip line. The first microstrip line includes a first end and a second end, the first end being open circuited and the varactor being connected between the second end and the ground conductor. The filter further includes a bias voltage circuit including a high impedance line, a radial stub extending from the high impedance line, and a patch connected to the high impedance line for connection to a DC ...

Ferroelectric varactor with built-in DC blocks

A voltage tunable dielectric varactor includes a tunable ferroelectric layer and first and second non-tunable dielectric layers. First and second electrodes positioned adjacent to the tunable ferroelectric layer form a tunable capacitor. A third electrode is positioned adjacent to the first non-tunable dielectric layer such that the third and first electrodes and the first non-tunable dielectric layer form a first blocking capacitor. A fourth electrode is positioned adjacent to the second non-tunable dielectric layer such that the fourth and second electrodes and the second non-tunable dielectric layer form a second blocking capacitor. The first and second electrodes can be positioned on a surface of the tunable ferroelectric layer opposite the generally planar surface of the substrate, with the first and second electrodes being separated to form a gap. The first and second non-tunable dielectric layers can also be positioned on the generally planar surface of the substrate. The third electrode ...

Voltage tunable laminated dielectric materials for microwave applications

A tunable dielectric structure includes a first layer of dielectric material, a second layer of dielectric material positioned adjacent to the first layer of dielectric material, with the second layer of dielectric material having a dielectric constant that is less than the dielectric constant of the first layer of dielectric material, and electrodes for applying a controllable voltage across the first dielectric material, thereby controlling a dielectric constant of the first dielectric material, wherein at least one of the electrodes is positioned between the first and second layers of dielectric material. The dielectric materials can be formed in various shapes and assembled in various orientations with respect to each other. The tunable dielectric structure is used in various devices including coaxial cables, cavity antennas, microstrip lines, coplanar lines, and waveguides.

METHODS FOR TUNING AN ADAPTIVE IMPEDANCE MATCHING NETWORK WITH A LOOK-UP TABLE

Methods for generating a look-up table relating a plurality of complex reflection coefficients to a plurality of matched states for a tunable matching network. Typical steps include measuring a plurality of complex reflection coefficients resulting from a plurality of impedance loads while the tunable matching network is in a predetermined state, determining a plurality of matched states for the plurality of impedance loads, with a matched state determined for each of the plurality of impedance loads and providing the determined matched states as a look-up table. A further step is interpolating the measured complex reflection coefficients and the determined matching states into a set of complex reflection coefficients with predetermined step sizes.

Methods for tuning an adaptive impedance matching network with a look-up table

Methods for generating a look-up table relating a plurality of complex reflection coefficients to a plurality of matched states for a tunable matching network. Typical steps include measuring a plurality of complex reflection coefficients resulting from a plurality of impedance loads while the tunable matching network is in a predetermined state, determining a plurality of matched states for the plurality of impedance loads, with a matched state determined for each of the plurality of impedance loads and providing the determined matched states as a look-up table. A further step is interpolating the measured complex reflection coefficients and the determined matching states into a set of complex reflection coefficients with predetermined step sizes.

Methods for tuning an adaptive impedance matching network with a look-up table

Methods for generating a look-up table relating a plurality of complex reflection coefficients to a plurality of matched states for a tunable matching network. Typical steps include measuring a plurality of complex reflection coefficients resulting from a plurality of impedance loads while the tunable matching network is in a predetermined state, determining a plurality of matched states for the plurality of impedance loads, with a matched state determined for each of the plurality of impedance loads and providing the determined matched states as a look-up table. A further step is interpolating the measured complex reflection coefficients and the determined matching states into a set of complex reflection coefficients with predetermined step sizes.

Hybrid resonator microstrip line filters

An electronic filter includes a substrate, a ground conductor, a plurality of linear microstrips positioned on a the substrate with each having a first end connected to the ground conductor. A capacitor is connected between a second end of the each of the linear microstrips and the ground conductor. A U-shaped microstrip is positioned adjacent the linear microstrips, with the U-shaped microstrip including first and second extensions positioned parallel to the linear microstrips. Additional capacitors are connected between a first end of the first extension of the U-shaped microstrip and the ground conductor, and between a first end of the second extension of the U-shaped microstrip and the ground conductor. Additional U-shaped microstrips can be included. An input can coupled to one of the linear microstrips or to one of the extensions of the U-shaped microstrips. An output can be coupled to another one of the linear microstrips or to another extension of one of the U-shaped microstrips ...

VOLTAGE TUNED DIELECTRIC VARACTORS WITH BOTTOM ELECTRODES

A voltage tunable dielectric varactor includes a substrate having a first dielectric constant and having generally a planar surface, first and second electrodes positioned on the generally planar surface of the substrate, the first and second electrodes being separated to form a first gap therebetween; a tunable dielectric layer positioned on the first and second electrodes and in the first gap, the tunable dielectric layer having a second dielectric constant greater than the first dielectric constant; and third and fourth electrodes positioned on a surface of the tunable dielectric layer opposite the first and second electrodes, the third and fourth electrodes being separated to form a second gap therebetween.

METHODS FOR TUNING AN ADAPTIVE IMPEDANCE MATCHING NETWORK WITH A LOOK-UP TABLE

Methods for generating a look-up table relating a plurality of complex reflection coefficients to a plurality of matched states for a tunable matching network. Typical steps include measuring a plurality of complex reflection coefficients resulting from a plurality of impedance loads while the tunable matching network is in a predetermined state, determining a plurality of matched states for the plurality of impedance loads, with a matched state determined for each of the plurality of impedance loads and providing the determined matched states as a look-up table. A further step is interpolating the measured complex reflection coefficients and the determined matching states into a set of complex reflection coefficients with predetermined step sizes.

Analog rat-race phase shifters tuned by dielectric varactors

A phase shifter includes a first rat-race ring having four ports, an input coupled to a first one of the ports, an output coupled to a second one of the ports, a first resonant circuit coupled to a third one of the ports, and a second resonant circuit coupled to a fourth one of the ports, each of the first and second resonant circuits including a tunable dielectric varactor. The first rat race ring can be connected to another phase shifting stage including a second rat race ring or a digital switched line phase shifter.

Method and apparatus with improved varactor quality factor

An embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus, comprising a varactor; and at least one external high-Q fixed capacitors combined with the varactor thereby improving the Q of the varactor. The at least one external high-Q fixed capacitor may combined in series with the varactor or in parallel with the varactor. Further, the varactor may be constructed of an internal low-tuning high-Q material with high-Q and large capacitance but low tuning range. The apparatus of one embodiment of the present invention may be incorporated into a 4-pole bandpass filter enabling Q improvement on the circuit performance or also may be incorporated into an amplifier or a voltage controlled oscillators or a phase shifters. Another embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus, comprising a resonator and a varactor variably coupled into the resonator through an RF transformer, wherein by varying a coupling factor, the Q-factor and the tunability of the apparatus is capable of being ...

Communications Method and Apparatus for Virtual Extensible Local Area Network

A communications method and apparatus for a Virtual Extensible Local Area Network (VXLAN), where the method includes receiving, by a first layer-3 gateway device, host routing information from a second layer-3 gateway device, where the host routing information includes an Internet Protocol (IP) address of a first host, a media access control (MAC) address of the first host, and a VXLAN tunnel end point (VTEP) identifier of a next hop of the first layer-3 gateway device and that exists when the first layer-3 gateway device sends information to the first host, and forwarding, by the first layer-3 gateway device, a traffic packet destined for the first host or acting, by the first layer-3 gateway device, as an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) proxy for the first host, based on the host routing information. Hence, traffic waste can be reduced. 1. A communication method for a Virtual Extensible Local Area Network (VXLAN) , comprising:receiving, by a first layer-3 gateway device, host routing information from a second layer-3 gateway device, a data center of the VXLAN comprising the first layer-3 gateway device and the second layer-3 gateway device, the host routing information comprising an Internet Protocol (IP) address of a first host, a media access control (MAC) address of the first host, and a VXLAN tunnel end point (VTEP) identifier of a next hop of the first layer-3 gateway device existing when the first layer-3 gateway device sends information to the first host; andforwarding, by the first layer-3 gateway device, a traffic packet destined for the first host or acting, by the first layer-3 gateway device, as an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) proxy for the first host, based on the host routing information.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first layer-3 gateway device manages a second host claim 1 , and acting as the ARP proxy for the first host comprising:receiving, by the first layer-3 gateway device, a first address request packet from the second host, ...

Voltage tunable reflective coplanar phase shifters

A phase shifter includes a substrate, a tunable dielectric film having a dielectric constant between 70 to 600, a tuning range of 20 to 60%, and a loss tangent between 0.008 to 0.03 at K and Ka bands positioned on a surface of the substrate, a coplanar waveguide positioned on a surface of the tunable dielectric film opposite the substrate, an input for coupling a radio frequency signal to the coplanar waveguide, an output for receiving the radio frequency signal from the coplanar waveguide, and a connection for applying a control voltage to the tunable dielectric film. A reflective termination coplanar waveguide phase shifter including a substrate, a tunable dielectric film having a dielectric constant between 70 to 600, a tuning range of 20 to 60%, and a loss tangent between 0.008 to 0.03 at K and Ka bands positioned on a surface of the substrate, first and second open ended coplanar waveguides positioned on a surface of the tunable dielectric film opposite the substrate, microstrip line ...

Electronically tunable combline filters tuned by tunable dielectric capacitors

A voltage-controlled tunable filter includes at least two cavity resonators electrically coupled to each other. A voltage tunable dielectric capacitor is positioned within each of the resonators. Connections are provided for applying a control voltage to the voltage tunable dielectric capacitors. An input is coupled to the one of the resonators, and an output is coupled to the other resonator.

Voltage tunable coplanar phase shifters

A phase shifter includes a substrate, a tunable dielectric film having a dielectric constant between 70 to 600, a tuning range of 20 to 60%, and a loss tangent between 0.008 to 0.03 at K and Ka bands positioned on a surface of the substrate, a coplanar waveguide positioned on a surface of the tunable dielectric film opposite the substrate, an input for coupling a radio frequency signal to the coplanar waveguide, an output for receiving the radio frequency signal from the coplanar waveguide, and a connection for applying a control voltage to the tunable dielectric film. A reflective termination coplanar waveguide phase shifter including a substrate, a tunable dielectric film having a dielectric constant between 70 to 600, a tuning range of 20 to 60%, and a loss tangent between 0.008 to 0.03 at K and Ka bands positioned on a surface of the substrate, first and second open ended coplanar waveguides positioned on a surface of the tunable dielectric film opposite the substrate, microstrip line ...

Hybrid resonator microstrip line filters

An electronic filter includes a substrate, a ground conductor, a plurality of linear microstrips positioned on a the substrate with each having a first end connected to the ground conductor. A capacitor is connected between a second end of the each of the linear microstrips and the ground conductor. A U-shaped microstrip is positioned adjacent the linear microstrips, with the U-shaped microstrip including first and second extensions positioned parallel to the linear microstrips. Additional capacitors are connected between a first end of the first extension of the U-shaped microstrip and the ground conductor, and between a first end of the second extension of the U-shaped microstrip and the ground conductor. Additional U-shaped microstrips can be included. An input can coupled to one of the linear microstrips or to one of the extensions of the U-shaped microstrips. An output can be coupled to another one of the linear microstrips or to another extension of one of the U-shaped microstrips ...

Voltage tunable laminated dielectric materials for microwave applications

A tunable dielectric structure includes a first layer of dielectric material, a second layer of dielectric material positioned adjacent to the first layer of dielectric material, with the second layer of dielectric material having a dielectric constant that is less than the dielectric constant of the first layer of dielectric material, and electrodes for applying a controllable voltage across the first dielectric material, thereby controlling a dielectric constant of the first dielectric material, wherein at least one of the electrodes is positioned between the first and second layers of dielectric material. The dielectric materials can be formed in various shapes and assembled in various orientations with respect to each other. The tunable dielectric structure is used in various devices including coaxial cables, cavity antennas, microstrip lines, coplanar lines, and waveguides.

Voltage tunable laminated dielectric materials for a coplanor waveguide

A tunable dielectric structure includes a first layer of dielectric material, a second layer of dielectric material positioned adjacent to the first layer of dielectric material, with the second layer of dielectric material having a dielectric constant that is less than the dielectric constant of the first layer of dielectric material, and electrodes for applying a controllable voltage across the first dielectric material, thereby controlling a dielectric constant of the first dielectric material, wherein at least one of the electrodes is positioned between the first and second layers of dielectric material. The dielectric materials can be formed in various shapes and assembled in various orientations with respect to each other. The tunable dielectric structure is used in various devices including coaxial cables, cavity antennas, microstrip lines, coplanar lines, and waveguides.

METHODS FOR TUNING AN ADAPTIVE IMPEDANCE MATCHING NETWORK WITH A LOOK-UP TABLE

Methods for generating a look-up table relating a plurality of complex reflection coefficients to a plurality of matched states for a tunable matching network. Typical steps include measuring a plurality of complex reflection coefficients resulting from a plurality of impedance loads while the tunable matching network is in a predetermined state, determining a plurality of matched states for the plurality of impedance loads, with a matched state determined for each of the plurality of impedance loads and providing the determined matched states as a look-up table. A further step is interpolating the measured complex reflection coefficients and the determined matching states into a set of complex reflection coefficients with predetermined step sizes. 1. A method , comprising:determining an impedance mismatch between input and output terminals of a tunable impedance matching network;determining a closest impedance mismatch in a lookup table, wherein the lookup table comprises a plurality of complex reflection coefficients determined by measuring a signal at a port of the tunable impedance matching network for a plurality of impedance loads; andusing one or more complex reflection coefficients in the lookup table which correspond to the determined closest impedance mismatch to tune the tunable impedance matching network.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lookup table comprises a plurality of matched states of the tunable impedance matching network for each of the plurality of impedance loads.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tunable impedance matching network comprises voltage variable capacitors.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the voltage variable capacitors are voltage-controlled variable ferroelectric capacitors.5. The method of claim 4 , comprising controlling the voltage-controlled variable ferroelectric capacitors with digital to analog converters.6. The method of claim 1 , comprising tuning the tunable impedance matching network to adaptively match ...

Analog rat-race phase shifters tuned by dielectric varactors

A phase shifter includes a first rat-race ring having four ports, an input coupled to a first one of the ports, an output coupled to a second one of the ports, a first resonant circuit coupled to a third one of the ports, and a second resonant circuit coupled to a fourth one of the ports, each of the first and second resonant circuits including a tunable dielectric varactor. The first rat race ring can be connected to another phase shifting stage including a second rat race ring or a digital switched line phase shifter.

Wide band antenna systems

A system that incorporates teachings of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a communication device including a matching network for impedance tuning and pairs of antennas that can be utilized as primary and diversity antennas, respectively, and can provide high radiation efficiency. An RF switch can be utilized for re-configuring the primary and diversity antennas. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Serially-fed phased array antennas with dielectric phase shifters

A phased array antenna includes a plurality of radiating elements, a feed line assembly, a ground plane positioned between the plurality of radiating elements and the feed line assembly, with the ground plane having a plurality of openings positioned between the plurality of radiating elements and the feed line assembly, and a plurality of voltage tunable dielectric phase shifters coupled to the feed line assembly.

Load Balancing Method and Related Apparatus

Embodiments include a load balancing method used to implement load balancing in a network. The method is performed by a first PE device, includes: obtaining a first device identifier of the first PE device, and obtaining a target ESI that is of a target NVE device and is corresponding to the first device identifier and a VN ID that is of a target VN accessed by the target NVE device and is corresponding to the first device identifier; receiving a message from a second PE device, where the message carries a second device identifier of the second PE device, and the target ESI and the VN ID of the target VN that are corresponding to the second device identifier; and determining whether the first PE device is a DF of the target NVE device in the target VN. 1. A method , comprising:obtaining, by a first provider edge (PE) device of an internetwork, a first device identifier of the first PE device, and obtaining a target Ethernet segment identifier (ESI) of a target network virtualization edge (NVE) device of the internetwork and a virtual network identifier (VN ID) of a target VN accessed by the target NVE device, wherein the target ESI and VN ID of the target VN are associated with the first device identifier, wherein the target ESI uniquely identifies the target NVE device, and wherein the internetwork is between a target virtual network (VN) and an Ethernet virtual private network (EVPN), wherein the first PE device belongs to the EVPN and the target NVE device belongs to the target VN;receiving, by the first PE device, a message from a second PE device, wherein the message from the second PE device carries a second device identifier of the second PE device, and the target ESI and the VN ID of the target VN, wherein the target ESI and VN ID of the target VN are associated with the second device identifier, wherein the second PE device belongs to the EVPN; anddetermining, by the first PE device according to the first device identifier, the second device identifier, the ...

Tunable filters having variable bandwidth and variable delay

An embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus capable of reducing selected signal components in a communication link comprising a signal line conveying a communication signal including a desired signal component and at least one undesired signal component; a first signal loop coupled to the first signal line capable of generating a signal such that when combined with the first signal line reduces a first of the at least one undesired signal components; and a second signal loop coupled to the first signal line capable of generating a signal such that when combined with the first signal line reduces a second of the at least one undesired signal components. The first signal loop may include a tunable delay enabling the generation of the signal that when combined with the first signal line reduces a first of the at least one undesired signal components. Further, the second signal loop may include a tunable delay enabling the generation of the signal that when combined ...

Tunable filters having variable bandwidth and variable delay

An apparatus for reducing influence by selected signal components in a communication link includes a first signal line conveying a first communication signal including a desired signal component and at least one undesired signal component; a second signal line conveying a second communication signal substantially including at least the at least one undesired signal component; a signal treating unit coupled with the second signal line for affecting at least one parameter associated with the second communication signal to present a modified second communication signal at a first output locus coupled for combining the modified second communication signal with the first communication signal to present an improved communication signal at a second output locus. The at least one undesired signal component affects the improved communication signal less than the at least one undesired signal component affects the first communication signal.

Methods for tuning an adaptive impedance matching network with a look-up table

Methods for generating a look-up table relating a plurality of complex reflection coefficients to a plurality of matched states for a tunable matching network. Typical steps include measuring a plurality of complex reflection coefficients resulting from a plurality of impedance loads while the tunable matching network is in a predetermined state, determining a plurality of matched states for the plurality of impedance loads, with a matched state determined for each of the plurality of impedance loads and providing the determined matched states as a look-up table. A further step is interpolating the measured complex reflection coefficients and the determined matching states into a set of complex reflection coefficients with predetermined step sizes.

Methods for tuning an adaptive impedance matching network with a look-up table

Methods for generating a look-up table relating a plurality of complex reflection coefficients to a plurality of matched states for a tunable matching network. Typical steps include measuring a plurality of complex reflection coefficients resulting from a plurality of impedance loads while the tunable matching network is in a predetermined state, determining a plurality of matched states for the plurality of impedance loads, with a matched state determined for each of the plurality of impedance loads and providing the determined matched states as a look-up table. A further step is interpolating the measured complex reflection coefficients and the determined matching states into a set of complex reflection coefficients with predetermined step sizes.

Voltage tunable varactors and tunable devices including such varactors

A voltage tunable dielectric varactor includes a substrate having a low dielectric constant and having generally planar surface, a tunable ferroelectric layer positioned on the generally planar surface of the substrate, and first and second electrodes positioned on a surface of the tunable ferroelectric layer opposite the generally planar surface of the substrate. The first and second electrodes are separated to form a gap therebetween. The varactor includes an input for receiving a radio frequency signal and an output for delivering the radio frequency signal. A bias voltage applied to the electrodes changes the capacitance of the varactor between the input and output thereof. Phase shifters and filters that include the varactor are also described.

WIDE BAND ANTENNA SYSTEMS

A system that incorporates teachings of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a communication device including a matching network for impedance tuning and pairs of antennas that can be utilized as primary and diversity antennas, respectively, and can provide high radiation efficiency. An RF switch can be utilized for re-configuring the primary and diversity antennas. Other embodiments are disclosed. 1. A mobile communication device , comprising:a transceiver;an antenna system coupled with the transceiver, wherein the antenna system includes a first pair of flag antennas and a second pair of flag antennas, wherein one of the first or second pairs of flag antennas are primary antennas and the other of the first or second pairs of flag antennas are diversity antennas, wherein the first pair of flag antennas have a first single feed point and are connected via a first transmission line, wherein the first pair of flag antennas are positioned in proximity to a bottom of the communication device, wherein the second pair of flag antennas have a second single feed point and are connected via a second transmission line, and wherein the second pair of flag antennas are positioned in proximity to a side of the communication device;a group of inductors coupled with the first and second pairs of flag antennas;a matching network coupled with the transceiver and the antenna system, wherein the matching network comprises a tunable reactive element; anda controller coupled with the matching network, wherein the controller adjusts the tunable reactive element to provide impedance tuning.2. The mobile communication device of claim 1 , wherein a first flag of the first pair of flag antennas is utilized during middle and high band communications and a second flag of the first pair of flag antennas is utilized during low band communications claim 1 , and wherein a third flag of the second pair of flag antennas is utilized during middle and high band communications and a fourth ...

Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of layered structure oxides

A method of fabricating high quality layered structure oxide ferroelectric thin films. The deposition process is a chemical vapor deposition process involving chemical reaction between volatile metal organic compounds of various elements comprising the layered structure material to be deposited, with other gases in a reactor, to produce a nonvolatile solid that deposits on a suitably placed substrate such as a conducting, semiconducting, insulating, or complex integrated circuit substrate. The source materials for this process may include organometallic compounds such as alkyls, alkoxides, β-diketonates or metallocenes of each individual element comprising the layered structure material to be deposited and oxygen. Preferably, the reactor in which the deposition is done is either a hot wall or a cold wall reactor and the vapors are introduced into this reactor either through a set of bubblers or through a direct liquid injection system. The ferroelectric films can be used for device applications such as in capacitors, dielectric resonators, heat sensors, transducers, actuators, nonvolatile memories, optical waveguides and displays.

Voltage tunable varactors and tunable devices including such varactors

Voltage tunable laminated dielectric materials for microwave applications

Ferroelectric varactor with built-in dc blocks

A voltage tunable dielectric varactor includes a tunable ferroelectric layer and first and second non-tunable dielectric layers. First and second electrodes positioned adjacent to the tunable ferroelectric layer form a tunable capacitor. A third electrode is positioned adjacent to the first non - tunable dielectric layer such that the third and first electrodes and the first non-tunable dielectric layer form a first blocking capacitor. A fourth electrode is positioned adjacent to the second non-tunable dielectric layer such that the fourth and second electrodes and the second non-tunable dielectric layer form a second blocking capacitor.

Voltage tunable laminated dielectric materials for microwave applications

A tunable dielectric structure includes a first layer of dielectric material, a second layer of dielectric material positioned adjacent to the first layer of dielectric material, with the second layer of dielectric material having a dielectric constant that is less than the dielectric constant of the first layer of dielectric material, and electrodes for applying a controllable voltage across the first dielectric material, thereby controlling a dielectric constant of the first dielectric material, wherein at least one of the electrodes is positioned between the first and second layers of dielectric material. The dielectric materials can be formed in various shapes and assembled in various orientations with respect to each other. The tunable dielectric structure is used in various devices including coaxial cables, cavity antenna, microstrip lines, coplanar lines, and waveguides.

Electrically tunable filters with dielectric varactors

This invention provides a voltage tunable filter comprising an input connection point, an output connection point, and at least one circuit branc h electrically coupled to the input connection point and the output connection point and including a voltage tunable dielectric varactor electrically connected to an inductor. The voltage tunable filter can be one of a low-pas s, high-pass, band-pass, or band-stop filter. The varactor can include built-in DC blocking capacitors.

Hairpin microstrip line electrically tunable filters

An electronic filter includes a first microstrip line hairpin resonator including first and second arms, a first varactor connected between a first end of the first arm and a first end of the second arm of the first microstrip line hairpin resonator, a first capacitor connected between a second end of the first arm and a second end of the second arm of the first microstrip line hairpin resonator, the first and second arms being coupled to provide a first transmission zero

Dielectric varactors with offset two-layer electrodes

A varactor comprising a substrate, a first conductor positioned on a surface of the substrate, a second conductor positioned on the surface of the substrate forming a gap between the first and second conductors, a tunable dielectric material positioned on the surface of the substrate and within the gap, the tunable dielectric material having a top surface, with at least a portion of said top surface being positioned above the gap opposite the surface of the substrate, and a first portion of the second conductor extending along at least a portion of the top surface of the tunable dielectric material. The second conductor can overlap or not overlap a portion of the first conductor.

Rf/microwave tunable delay line

A tunable delay line includes an input (36), an output (38), a first conductor (18) electrically coupled to the input (36) and the output (38), a ground conductor (16) and a voltage tunable dielectric layer (12) positioned between the first conductor (18) and the ground conductor (16). DC blocks (32, 34) and impedance matching sections (24, 26) are connected between the first conductor and the input (36) and output (38). Additional layers of tunable dielectric material and additional conductors can be positioned in parallel with the voltage tunable layer.

TENSIONABLE VARACTORS BY TENSION AND TUNING DEVICES THAT INCLUDE SUCH VARACTORS.

Varactor dieléctrico sintonizable por tensión (10) que comprende un sustrato (12) que tiene una primera constante dieléctrica y tiene una superficie en general planar (14); una capa ferroeléctrica sintonizable (16) situada sobre la superficie en general planar del sustrato, teniendo la capa ferroeléctrica sintonizable una segunda constante dieléctrica que es mayor que dicha primera constante dieléctrica; y electrodos primero y segundo (18, 20) situados sobre una superficie de la capa ferroeléctrica sintonizable que es la superficie opuesta a la superficie en general planar del sustrato, estando dichos electrodos primero y segundo separados formando un entrehierro (22) entre ellos; estando dicho varactor dieléctrico sintonizable por tensión caracterizado por el hecho de que la capa ferroeléctrica sintonizable comprende una cerámica de material compuesto de titanato de bario y estroncio. Voltage tunable dielectric varactor (10) comprising a substrate (12) that has a first dielectric constant and has a generally planar surface (14); a tunable ferroelectric layer (16) located on the generally planar surface of the substrate, the tunable ferroelectric layer having a second dielectric constant that is greater than said first dielectric constant; and first and second electrodes (18, 20) located on a surface of the tunable ferroelectric layer that is the surface opposite the generally planar surface of the substrate, said first and second electrodes being separated forming an air gap (22) between them; said tension tunable dielectric varactor characterized by the fact that the tunable ferroelectric layer comprises a ceramic of barium titanate and strontium composite.

Voltage tunable coplanar phase shifters

A phase shifter includes a substrate, a tunable dielectric film having a dielectric constant between 70 to 600, a tuning range of 20 to 60%, and a loss tangent between 0.008 to 0.03 at K and Ka bands positioned on a surface of the substrate, a coplanar waveguide positioned on a surface of the tunable dielectric film opposite the substrate, an input for coupling a radio frequency signal to the coplanar waveguide, an output for receiving the radio frequency signal from the coplanar waveguide, and a connection for applying a control voltage to the tunable dielectric film. A reflective termination coplanar waveguide phase shifter including a substrate, a tunable dielectric film having a dielectric constant between 70 to 600, a tuning range of 20 to 60%, and a loss tangent between 0.008 to 0.03 at K and Ka bands positioned on a surface of the substrate, first and second open ended coplanar waveguides positioned on a surface of the tunable dielectric film opposite the substrate, microstrip line for coupling a radio frequency signal to and from the first and second coplanar waveguides, and a connection for applying a control voltage to the tunable dielectric film.

Elektrisch abstimmbare filter mit dielektrischen varaktoren

Spannungsgesteuerte koplanare Phasenschieber

Spannungsgesteuerte koplanare phasenschieber

Reihengespeiste phasenarrayantennen mit dielektrischen phasenschiebern

Ferroelektrischer varaktor mit eingebauter gleichstromblockierung

Spannungsgesteuerte varaktoren und abstimmbare geräte mit derartigen varaktoren

Electronic tunable filters with dielectric varactors