Displays Having Transparent Openings

An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. The electronic device may include a plurality of transparent windows that overlap the optical sensor. The resolution of the display panel may be reduced in some areas due to the presence of the transparent windows. To mitigate diffraction artifacts, a first sensor ( 13 - 1 ) may sense light through a first pixel removal region having transparent windows arranged according to a first pattern. A second sensor ( 13 - 2 ) may sense light through a second pixel removal region having transparent windows arranged according to a second pattern that is different than the first pattern. The first and second patterns of the transparent windows may result in the first and second sensors having different diffraction artifacts. Therefore, an image from the first sensor may be corrected for diffraction artifacts based on an image from the second sensor.

Power and data routing structures for organic light-emitting diode displays

An organic light-emitting diode display with rounded corners comprises negative power supply path ELVSSto distribute a negative voltage to a cathode layer and a positive power supply path ELVDD to distribute a positive power supply voltage to an anode for each OLED pixel in thedisplay. The positive power supply path has a cutout that is occupied by the negative power supply path to decrease resistance of the negative power supply path in the rounded comer of the display. To mitigate reflections caused by the positive power supply path being formed over tightly spaced data lines, the positive power supply path may be omitted in a rounded corner of the display, a shielding layer may be formed over the positive power supply path in the rounded corner, or non-linear gate lines may be formed over the positive power supply path. A metal layer 58 formed over the data lines or gate driver circuitry 18 in a corner portion of the display may connect the cathode to the ELVSS negative power line (figure ...

Power and Data Routing Structures for Organic Light-Emitting Diode Displays

An organic light-emitting diode display may have thin-film transistor circuitry formed on a substrate. The display and substrate may have rounded corners. A pixel definition layer may be formed on the thin-film transistor circuitry. Openings in the pixel definition layer may be provided with emissive material overlapping respective anodes for organic light-emitting diodes. A cathode layer may cover the array of pixels. A ground power supply path may be used to distribute a ground voltage to the cathode layer. The ground power supply path may be formed from a metal layer that is shorted to the cathode layer using portions of a metal layer that forms anodes, may be formed from a mesh shaped metal pattern, may have L-shaped path segments, and may include laser-deposited metal on the cathode layer. Data lines may be formed from metal layers in the active area to accommodate the rounded corners of the display. 1. A display having an active area and an inactive area , the display comprising:a first metal layer that forms a gate in the active area;a second metal layer that that forms source-drain terminals for thin-film transistor circuitry;a third metal layer that forms anodes in the active area;a cathode layer that overlaps the first, second, and third metal layers;dielectric layers that separate the first, second, and third metal layers; anddata lines formed in the active area, wherein the data lines are formed from a metal layer selected from the group consisting of: the second metal layer, the third metal layer, a buried metal layer, and an upper metal layer.2. The display defined in wherein the display has a corner defined by an edge of the active area claim 1 , wherein the data lines are arranged in the corner of the display within the active area.3. The display defined in wherein the second metal layer forms the data lines in the active area and wherein the data lines are routed in a saw-tooth pattern in the corner of the display.4. The display defined in wherein a ...

Power and data routing structures for organic light-emitting diode displays

An organic light-emitting diode display may have rounded corners. A negative power supply path may be used to distribute a negative voltage to a cathode layer, while a positive power supply path may be used to distribute a positive power supply voltage to each pixel in the display. The positive power supply path may have a cutout that is occupied by the negative power supply path to decrease resistance of the negative power supply path in a rounded corner of the display. To mitigate reflections caused by the positive power supply path being formed over tightly spaced data lines, the positive power supply path may be omitted in a rounded corner of the display, a shielding layer may be formed over the positive power supply path in the rounded corner, or non-linear gate lines may be formed over the positive power supply path.

Electronic device displays with visibly matched borders

An electronic device may have a display with an active area configured to display images and an inactive area that is free of pixels and that does not display images. Touch sensor sense lines may have portions located in the active area and portions located in the inactive area. The active and inactive areas may be characterized by respective reflectivity values. To match the reflectivities of the active and inactive areas and thereby avoid undesired visually distinguishable differences in the appearances of these areas, the touch sensor circuitry in the inactive areas may be configured to match the reflectivity values of the active and inactive areas. Sense line portions in the inactive area may have metal traces of enhanced reflectivity and/or uneven surface topology to enhance ambient light reflections through a circular polarizer that overlaps the active and inactive areas.

Reducing border width around a hole in display active area

An electronic device may include a display having display pixels formed in an active area of the display. The display further includes display driver circuitry for driving gate lines that are routed across the display. A hole such as a through hole, optical window, or other inactive region may be formed within the active area of the display. Multiple gate lines carrying the same signal may be merged together prior to being routed around the hole to help minimize the routing line congestion around the border of the hole. Dummy circuits may be coupled to the merged segment portion to help increase the parasitic loading on the merged segments. The hole may have a tapered shape to help maximize the size of the active area. The hole may have an asymmetric shape to accommodate multiple sub-display sensor components.

Power and data routing structures for organic light-emitting diode displays

Methods and Configurations for Improving the Performance of Sensors under a Display

An electronic device may include a display and a sensor under the display. The display may include an array of subpixels for displaying an image to a user of the electronic device. At least a portion of the array of subpixels may be selectively removed in a pixel removal region to improve optical transmittance to the sensor through the display. The pixel removal region may include a plurality of pixel free regions that are devoid of thin-film transistor structures, that are devoid of power supply lines, that have continuous open areas due to rerouted row/column lines, that are partially devoid of touch circuitry, that optionally include dummy contacts, and/or have selectively patterned display layers.

GLOBAL NONLINEAR SCALER FOR MULTIPLE PIXEL GAMMA RESPONSE COMPENSATION

In a display characterized by regions with different pixel responses due, for example, to local pixel density variation, voltage-to-luminance matching may be non-universal. Therefore, in order to avoid visual artifacts that may hinder a desired visualization of displayed content, it may be advantageous to compensate the different gamma responses. In some cases, such as with electronic devices having a single pixel density across the display, optical calibration may be performed to determine voltage-to-luminance matching. However, in electronic devices with local pixel density variations, it may be disadvantageous to perform optical calibrations for each region with a different pixel density. Instead of using two distinct gamma curves which may include dedicated optical calibration, a global nonlinear scaler (GNLS) compensation may be applied. Embodiments may pertain to techniques for applying a per-channel and band-global gamma-to-voltage compensation to reduce or minimize a relative luminance error amongst different responses of display regions.

Power and Data Routing Structures for Organic Light-Emitting Diode Displays

An organic light-emitting diode display may have rounded corners. A negative power supply path may be used to distribute a negative voltage to a cathode layer, while a positive power supply path may be used to distribute a positive power supply voltage to each pixel in the display. The positive power supply path may have a cutout that is occupied by the negative power supply path to decrease resistance of the negative power supply path in a rounded corner of the display. To mitigate reflections caused by the positive power supply path being formed over tightly spaced data lines, the positive power supply path may be omitted in a rounded corner of the display, a shielding layer may be formed over the positive power supply path in the rounded corner, or non-linear gate lines may be formed over the positive power supply path. 1. A display comprising:a substrate having an active area with an array of pixels, wherein the active area has a rounded corner portion;thin-film transistor circuitry on the substrate;a pixel definition layer on the thin-film transistor circuitry, wherein the pixel definition layer has openings each of which contains an anode and an organic emissive layer for an organic light-emitting diode and each of which is associated with a respective one of the pixels;a plurality of data lines coupled to pixel columns in the rounded corner portion; anda layer of metal having a portion that covers the plurality of data lines, wherein the layer of metal has a plurality of holes.2. The display defined in claim 1 , wherein the anodes for the organic light-emitting diodes are formed by an additional portion of the layer of metal.3. The display defined in claim 2 , further comprising:a cathode layer that covers the array of pixels.4. The display defined in claim 3 , further comprising:a metal negative power supply path on the substrate.5. The display defined in claim 4 , wherein the portion of the layer of metal electrically connects the cathode layer to the metal ...

Electronic devices with through-display sensors

An electronic device display may have an active area with pixels. An optical sensor may be formed under a sensor region in the active area. During operation, ambient light and/or other light associated with the optical sensor may pass through the sensor region. To ensure that the light for the optical sensor can pass through the display, the display may have one or more layers with sensor openings such as a metal layer and a pressure sensitive adhesive layer that attaches the metal layer to the pixels of the display. To help minimize visibility of the openings in the sensor region, the pressure sensitive adhesive layer may be configured to have a reflectivity that matches the appearance of the display in the sensor region to surrounding areas. Undesired light output uniformity can be reduced by ensuring that the substrate material in the display has a low light absorption coefficient.

High performance field-effect transistors

A high performance field-effect transistor includes a substrate, a nanomaterial thin film disposed on the substrate, a source electrode and a drain electrode formed on the nanomaterial thin film, and a channel area defined between the source electrode and the drain electrode. A unitary self-aligned gate electrode extends from the nanomaterial thin film in the channel area between the source electrode and the drain electrode, the gate electrode having an outer dielectric layer and including a foot region and a head region, the foot region in contact with a portion of the nanomaterial thin film in the channel area. A metal layer is disposed over the source electrode, the drain electrode, the head region of the gate electrode, and portions of the nanomaterial thin film proximate the source electrode and the drain electrode in the channel area.

Displays with gate driver circuitry in an active area

To reduce the amount of space occupied in the inactive area of a display by gate driver circuitry, at least a portion of the gate driver circuitry may be positioned in the active area of the display. To accommodate the gate driver circuitry, emissive sub-pixels may be laterally shifted relative to corresponding thin-film transistor sub-pixels. This allows for the thin-film transistor sub-pixels to be grouped adjacent to the central area of the active area, leaving room along an edge of the active area to accommodate one or more additional display components such as gate driver circuitry or fanout portions of data lines.

Display-Synchronized Optical Emitters and Transceivers

In some embodiments, a device includes a light-emitting display, and an optical emitter positioned behind the light-emitting display. The optical emitter is configured to emit light through the light-emitting display. A processor is configured to synchronize a first illumination timing of the optical emitter and a second illumination timing of the light-emitting display. In some embodiments, a device includes an optical transceiver processor and a display processor. The display processor is configured to output timing information to a light-emitting display and to the optical transceiver processor, and the optical transceiver processor is configured to cause an optical transceiver to emit or receive light in synchronization with the timing information output by the display processor.

Devices with Displays Having Transparent Openings and Touch Sensor Metal

A display may have both a full pixel density region and a pixel removal region with a plurality of high-transmittance areas that overlap an optical sensor. Each high-transmittance area may be devoid of thin-film transistors and other display components. To improve transmission while maintaining satisfactory touch sensing performance, one or more segments of the touch sensor metal in the pixel removal region may have a reduced width relative to the touch sensor metal in the full pixel density region and/or one or more segments of the touch sensor metal in the pixel removal region may be omitted relative to the touch sensor metal in the full pixel density region. To mitigate a different appearance between the pixel removal region and the full pixel density region at off-axis viewing angles, the position of the touch sensor metal in the pixel removal region may be tuned.

Power and data routing structures for organic light-emitting diode displays

An organic light-emitting diode display may have thin-film transistor circuitry formed on a substrate. The display and substrate may have rounded corners. A pixel definition layer may be formed on the thin-film transistor circuitry. Openings in the pixel definition layer may be provided with emissive material overlapping respective anodes for organic light-emitting diodes. A cathode layer may cover the array of pixels. A ground power supply path may be used to distribute a ground voltage to the cathode layer. The ground power supply path may be formed from a metal layer that is shorted to the cathode layer using portions of a metal layer that forms anodes, may be formed from a mesh shaped metal pattern, may have L-shaped path segments, and may include laser-deposited metal on the cathode layer. Data lines may be formed from metal layers in the active area to accommodate the rounded corners of the display.

Patterning in Devices with Organic Light-Emitting Diode Displays and Sensors

An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. A pixel removal region on the display may at least partially overlap with the sensor. The pixel removal region may include a plurality of non-pixel regions each of which is devoid of thin-film transistors. The plurality of non-pixel regions is configured to increase the transmittance of light through the display to the sensor. In addition to removing thin-film transistors in the pixel removal region, additional layers in the display stack-up may be removed. In particular, a cathode layer, polyimide layer, and/or substrate in the display stack-up may be patterned to have an opening in the pixel removal region. A polarizer may be bleached in the pixel removal region for additional transmittance gains. The cathode layer may be removed using laser ablation with a spot laser or blanket illumination.

Reducing Border Width Around a Hole in Display Active Area

An electronic device may include a display having display pixels formed in an active area of the display. The display further includes display driver circuitry for driving gate lines that are routed across the display. A hole such as a through hole, optical window, or other inactive region may be formed within the active area of the display. Multiple gate lines carrying the same signal may be merged together prior to being routed around the hole to help minimize the routing line congestion around the border of the hole. Dummy circuits may be coupled to the merged segment portion to help increase the parasitic loading on the merged segments. The hole may have a tapered shape to help maximize the size of the active area. The hole may have an asymmetric shape to accommodate multiple sub-display sensor components.

Display with a Transmitter Under an Active Area

A light emitter that operates through a display may cause display artifacts, even when the light emitter operates using non-visible wavelengths. To mitigate artifacts caused by a light emitter operating through a display, the display may have a higher density of thin-film transistor sub-pixels than emissive sub-pixels. This allows for a region in the display to include emissive sub-pixels but be free of thin-film transistor sub-pixels. The light emitter may operate through this region in the display. Additionally, to reduce the amount of space occupied in the inactive area of a display by gate driver circuitry, at least a portion of the gate driver circuitry may be positioned in the active area of the display. To accommodate the gate driver circuitry, emissive sub-pixels may be laterally shifted relative to corresponding thin-film transistor sub-pixels.

Mitigating Artifacts Caused by an Under-Display Light Emitter

A light emitter that operates through a display may cause display artifacts, even when the light emitter operates using non-visible wavelengths. Display artifacts caused by a light emitter that operates through a display may be referred to as emitter artifacts. To mitigate emitter artifacts, operating conditions for a display frame may be used to determine an optimal firing time for the light emitter during that display frame. The operating conditions used to determine the optimal firing time may include emitter operating conditions, display content statistics, display brightness, temperature, and refresh rate. Operating conditions from one or more previous frames may be stored in a frame buffer and may be used to help determine the optimal firing time for the light emitter during a display frame. Pixel values for the display may be modified to mitigate emitter artifacts.

Power and Data Routing Structures for Organic Light-Emitting Diode Displays

An organic light-emitting diode display may have rounded corners. A negative power supply path may be used to distribute a negative voltage to a cathode layer, while a positive power supply path may be used to distribute a positive power supply voltage to each pixel in the display. The positive power supply path may have a cutout that is occupied by the negative power supply path to decrease resistance of the negative power supply path in a rounded corner of the display. To mitigate reflections caused by the positive power supply path being formed over tightly spaced data lines, the positive power supply path may be omitted in a rounded corner of the display, a shielding layer may be formed over the positive power supply path in the rounded corner, or non-linear gate lines may be formed over the positive power supply path.

Power and data routing structures for organic light-emitting diode displays

An organic light-emitting diode display may have rounded corners. A negative power supply path may be used to distribute a negative voltage to a cathode layer, while a positive power supply path may be used to distribute a positive power supply voltage to each pixel in the display. The positive power supply path may have a cutout that is occupied by the negative power supply path to decrease resistance of the negative power supply path in a rounded corner of the display. To mitigate reflections caused by the positive power supply path being formed over tightly spaced data lines, the positive power supply path may be omitted in a rounded corner of the display, a shielding layer may be formed over the positive power supply path in the rounded corner, or non-linear gate lines may be formed over the positive power supply path.

High Performance Field-Effect Transistors

A high performance field-effect transistor includes a substrate, a nanomaterial thin film disposed on the substrate, a source electrode and a drain electrode formed on the nanomaterial thin film, and a channel area defined between the source electrode and the drain electrode. A unitary self-aligned gate electrode extends from the nanomaterial thin film in the channel area between the source electrode and the drain electrode, the gate electrode having an outer dielectric layer and including a foot region and a head region, the foot region in contact with a portion of the nanomaterial thin film in the channel area. A metal layer is disposed over the source electrode, the drain electrode, the head region of the gate electrode, and portions of the nanomaterial thin film proximate the source electrode and the drain electrode in the channel area.

Devices with displays having transparent openings and touch sensor metal

A display may have both a full pixel density region and a pixel removal region with a plurality of high-transmittance areas that overlap an optical sensor. Each high-transmittance area may be devoid of thin-film transistors and other display components. To improve transmission while maintaining satisfactory touch sensing performance, one or more segments of the touch sensor metal in the pixel removal region may have a reduced width relative to the touch sensor metal in the full pixel density region and/or one or more segments of the touch sensor metal in the pixel removal region may be omitted relative to the touch sensor metal in the full pixel density region. To mitigate a different appearance between the pixel removal region and the full pixel density region at off-axis viewing angles, the position of the touch sensor metal in the pixel removal region may be tuned.

Reducing Border Width Around a Hole in Display Active Area

An electronic device may include a display having display pixels formed in an active area of the display. The display further includes display driver circuitry for driving gate lines that are routed across the display. A hole such as a through hole, optical window, or other inactive region may be formed within the active area of the display. Multiple gate lines carrying the same signal may be merged together prior to being routed around the hole to help minimize the routing line congestion around the border of the hole. Dummy circuits may be coupled to the merged segment portion to help increase the parasitic loading on the merged segments. The hole may have a tapered shape to help maximize the size of the active area. The hole may have an asymmetric shape to accommodate multiple sub-display sensor components. 1. Display circuitry , comprising:a first row of display pixels formed in an active area;a second row of display pixels formed in the active area;an inactive region within the active area; anda display driver circuit configured to output a control signal onto a first row control line coupled to the first row of display pixels and to output the control signal onto a second row control line coupled to the second row of display pixels, wherein the first and second row control lines are merged into a segment that is routed by the inactive region.2. The display circuitry of claim 1 , wherein the inactive region comprises a hole.3. The display circuitry of claim 2 , wherein the inactive region comprises a through hole.4. The display circuitry of claim 2 , wherein the inactive region comprises an optical window.5. The display circuitry of claim 2 , wherein the merged segment is routed around the border of the hole.6. The display circuitry of claim 2 , wherein the merged segment is routed directly across the hole.7. The display circuitry of claim 1 , wherein the display driver circuit is further configured to simultaneously output the control signal onto the first and ...

Display-synchronized optical emitters and transceivers

In some embodiments, a device includes a light-emitting display, and an optical emitter positioned behind the light-emitting display. The optical emitter is configured to emit light through the light-emitting display. A processor is configured to synchronize a first illumination timing of the optical emitter and a second illumination timing of the light-emitting display. In some embodiments, a device includes an optical transceiver processor and a display processor. The display processor is configured to output timing information to a light-emitting display and to the optical transceiver processor, and the optical transceiver processor is configured to cause an optical transceiver to emit or receive light in synchronization with the timing information output by the display processor.

Methods and configurations for improving the performance of sensors under a display

An electronic device may include a display and a sensor under the display. The display may include an array of subpixels for displaying an image to a user of the electronic device. At least a portion of the array of subpixels may be selectively removed in a pixel removal region to improve optical transmittance to the sensor through the display. The pixel removal region may include a plurality of pixel free regions that are devoid of thin-film transistor structures, that are devoid of power supply lines, that have continuous open areas due to rerouted row/column lines, that are partially devoid of touch circuitry, that optionally include dummy contacts, and/or have selectively patterned display layers.

Displays having transparent openings

An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. The electronic device may include a plurality of transparent windows that overlap the optical sensor. The resolution of the display panel may be reduced in some areas due to the presence of the transparent windows. To mitigate diffraction artifacts, a first sensor (13-1) may sense light through a first pixel removal region having transparent windows arranged according to a first pattern. A second sensor (13-2) may sense light through a second pixel removal region having transparent windows arranged according to a second pattern that is different than the first pattern. The first and second patterns of the transparent windows may result in the first and second sensors having different diffraction artifacts. Therefore, an image from the first sensor may be corrected for diffraction artifacts based on an image from the second sensor.

Touch electrode architecture for high-transmittance touch screen

Touch electrode architecture techniques can be used to reduce or eliminate metal mesh within the one or more high-transmittance regions of a touch screen including one or more high-transmittance regions. In some examples, one or more optical devices can be integrated with a touch screen such that light associated with the one or more optical devices passes through one or more layers of the touch screen. In some such examples, to avoid degrading performance of the optical devices, one or more high-transmittance regions can be used. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the high-transmittance can be achieved using touch electrode architecture techniques that use transparent or semi-transparent materials instead of opaque metal mesh within the high-transmittance regions.

Berührungselektrodenarchitektur für touchscreen mit hoher transmission

Berührungselektrodenarchitekturtechniken können verwendet werden, um Metallgitter innerhalb des einen oder der mehreren Gebiete mit hoher Transmission eines Touchscreens, der ein oder mehrere Gebiete mit hoher Transmission einschließt, zu reduzieren oder zu eliminieren. In einigen Beispielen können eine oder mehrere optische Vorrichtungen mit einem Touchscreen integriert sein, sodass Licht, das der einen oder den mehreren optischen Vorrichtungen zugeordnet ist, durch eine oder mehrere Schichten des Touchscreens läuft. In einigen solchen Beispielen können ein oder mehrere Gebiete mit hoher Transmission verwendet werden, um eine Verschlechterung der Leistungsfähigkeit der optischen Vorrichtungen zu vermeiden. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann in einigen Beispielen die hohe Transmission unter Verwendung von Berührungselektrodenarchitekturtechniken erreicht werden, die transparente oder halbtransparente Materialien anstelle eines opaken Metallgitters innerhalb der Gebiete mit hoher Transmission verwenden.

Reducing border width around a hole in display active area

An electronic device may include a display having display pixels formed in an active area of the display. The display further includes display driver circuitry for driving gate lines that are routed across the display. A hole such as a through hole, optical window, or other inactive region may be formed within the active area of the display. Multiple gate lines carrying the same signal may be merged together prior to being routed around the hole to help minimize the routing line congestion around the border of the hole. Dummy circuits may be coupled to the merged segment portion to help increase the parasitic loading on the merged segments. The hole may have a tapered shape to help maximize the size of the active area. The hole may have an asymmetric shape to accommodate multiple sub-display sensor components.

Leistungs- und datenleitungsstrukturen für organische leuchtdiodenanzeigen

Eine organische Leuchtdiodenanzeige kann abgerundete Ecken aufweisen. Ein negativer Stromversorgungspfad aus Metall kann verwendet werden, um eine negative Spannung an eine Kathodenschicht zu verteilen, während ein positiver Stromversorgungspfad verwendet werden kann, um eine positive Versorgungsspannung an jedes Pixel in der Anzeige zu liefern. Der positive Stromversorgungspfad kann eine Aussparung aufweisen, die durch den negativen Versorgungsspannungspfad belegt wird, um den Widerstand des negativen Versorgungsspannungspfades in einer abgerundeten Ecke der Anzeige zu verringern. Um Reflexionen abzumildern, die dadurch verursacht werden, dass der positive Stromversorgungspfad über eng beabstandeten Datenleitungen ausgebildet wird, kann der positive Stromversorgungspfad in einer abgerundeten Ecke der Anzeige weggelassen werden, eine Abschirmschicht kann über dem positiven Stromversorgungspfad in der abgerundeten Ecke gebildet werden oder es können nichtlineare Gate-Leitungen über dem positiven Stromversorgungspfad gebildet werden.

Devices with displays having transparent openings and touch sensor metal

A display may have both a full pixel density region and a pixel removal region with a plurality of high-transmittance areas that overlap an optical sensor. Each high-transmittance area may be devoid of thin-film transistors and other display components. To improve transmission while maintaining satisfactory touch sensing performance, one or more segments of the touch sensor metal in the pixel removal region may have a reduced width relative to the touch sensor metal in the full pixel density region and/or one or more segments of the touch sensor metal in the pixel removal region may be omitted relative to the touch sensor metal in the full pixel density region. To mitigate a different appearance between the pixel removal region and the full pixel density region at off-axis viewing angles, the position of the touch sensor metal in the pixel removal region may be tuned.

Display with a transmitter under an active area

A light emitter that operates through a display may cause display artifacts, even when the light emitter operates using non-visible wavelengths. To mitigate artifacts caused by a light emitter operating through a display, the display may have a higher density of thin-film transistor sub-pixels than emissive sub-pixels. This allows for a region in the display to include emissive sub-pixels but be free of thin-film transistor sub-pixels. The light emitter may operate through this region in the display. Additionally, to reduce the amount of space occupied in the inactive area of a display by gate driver circuitry, at least a portion of the gate driver circuitry may be positioned in the active area of the display. To accommodate the gate driver circuitry, emissive sub-pixels may be laterally shifted relative to corresponding thin- film transistor sub-pixels.

Displays having transparent openings

An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. The electronic device may include a plurality of transparent windows that overlap the optical sensor. The resolution of the display panel may be reduced in some areas due to the presence of the transparent windows. To mitigate diffraction artifacts, a first sensor ( 13 - 1 ) may sense light through a first pixel removal region having transparent windows arranged according to a first pattern. A second sensor ( 13 - 2 ) may sense light through a second pixel removal region having transparent windows arranged according to a second pattern that is different than the first pattern. The first and second patterns of the transparent windows may result in the first and second sensors having different diffraction artifacts. Therefore, an image from the first sensor may be corrected for diffraction artifacts based on an image from the second sensor.

Displays that Overlap Light Sensors

An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. The electronic device may include a locally modified region that overlaps the optical sensor. The locally modified region of the display may have a modification relative to a normal region of the display that does not overlap the optical sensor. The modification may mitigate diffractive artifacts that would otherwise impact the optical sensor that senses light passing through the display. To mitigate diffraction artifacts, the locally modified region of the display may use spatial randomization (e.g., spatial randomization of signal paths and/or spatial randomization of via locations), opaque structures may be formed with circular footprints, a black masking layer may be formed with circular openings, apodization may be used, and/or a phase randomization film may be included.